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Moos PJ, Cheminant JR, Cowman S, Noll J, Wang Q, Musci T, Venosa A. Spatial and phenotypic heterogeneity of resident and monocyte-derived macrophages during inflammatory exacerbations leading to pulmonary fibrosis. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1425466. [PMID: 39100672 PMCID: PMC11294112 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1425466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Genetic mutations in critical nodes of pulmonary epithelial function are linked to the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis (PF) and other interstitial lung diseases. The slow progression of these pathologies is often intermitted and accelerated by acute exacerbations, complex non-resolving cycles of inflammation and parenchymal damage, resulting in lung function decline and death. Excess monocyte mobilization during the initial phase of an acute exacerbation, and their long-term persistence in the lung, is linked to poor disease outcome. Methods The present work leverages a clinical idiopathic PF dataset and a murine model of acute inflammatory exacerbations triggered by mutation in the alveolar type-2 cell-restricted Surfactant Protein-C [SP-C] gene to spatially and phenotypically define monocyte/macrophage changes in the fibrosing lung. Results SP-C mutation triggered heterogeneous CD68+ macrophage activation, with highly active peri-injured cells relative to those sampled from fully remodeled and healthy regions. Ingenuity pathway analysis of sorted CD11b-SigF+CD11c+ alveolar macrophages defined asynchronous activation of extracellular matrix re-organization, cellular mobilization, and Apolipoprotein E (Apoe) signaling in the fibrosing lung. Cell-cell communication analysis of single cell sequencing datasets predicted pro-fibrogenic signaling (fibronectin/Fn1, osteopontin/Spp1, and Tgfb1) emanating from Trem2/TREM2 + interstitial macrophages. These cells also produced a distinct lipid signature from alveolar macrophages and monocytes, characterized by Apoe expression. Mono- and di-allelic genetic deletion of ApoE in SP-C mutant mice had limited impact on inflammation and mortality up to 42 day after injury. Discussion Together, these results provide a detailed spatio-temporal picture of resident, interstitial, and monocyte-derived macrophages during SP-C induced inflammatory exacerbations and end-stage clinical PF, and propose ApoE as a biomarker to identify activated macrophages involved in tissue remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Alessandro Venosa
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah College of Pharmacy, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
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2
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Ysasi AB, Engler AE, Bawa PS, Wang F, Conrad RD, Yeung AK, Rock JR, Beane-Ebel J, Mazzilli SA, Franklin RA, Mizgerd JP, Murphy GJ. A specialized population of monocyte-derived tracheal macrophages promote airway epithelial regeneration through a CCR2-dependent mechanism. iScience 2024; 27:110169. [PMID: 38993668 PMCID: PMC11238131 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are critical for maintenance and repair of mucosal tissues. While functionally distinct subtypes of macrophage are known to have important roles in injury response and repair in the lungs, little is known about macrophages in the proximal conducting airways. Single-cell RNA sequencing and flow cytometry demonstrated murine tracheal macrophages are largely monocyte-derived and are phenotypically distinct from lung macrophages at homeostasis. Following sterile airway injury, monocyte-derived macrophages are recruited to the trachea and activate a pro-regenerative phenotype associated with wound healing. Animals lacking the chemokine receptor CCR2 have reduced numbers of circulating monocytes and tracheal macrophages, deficient pro-regenerative macrophage activation and defective epithelial repair. Together, these studies indicate that recruitment and activation of monocyte-derived tracheal macrophages is CCR2-dependent and is required for normal airway epithelial regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra B Ysasi
- Center for Regenerative Medicine of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Anna E Engler
- Center for Regenerative Medicine of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Pushpinder Singh Bawa
- Center for Regenerative Medicine of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Feiya Wang
- Center for Regenerative Medicine of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Regan D Conrad
- Section of Computational Biomedicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Anthony K Yeung
- Center for Regenerative Medicine of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Jason R Rock
- Center for Regenerative Medicine of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Jennifer Beane-Ebel
- Section of Computational Biomedicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Sarah A Mazzilli
- Section of Computational Biomedicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Ruth A Franklin
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Joseph P Mizgerd
- Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - George J Murphy
- Center for Regenerative Medicine of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
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3
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Guan T, Qin Y, Qu N, Pan Y. Causal Involvement of Immune Cells in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Mendelian Randomization Study. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2024; 19:1603-1611. [PMID: 39011122 PMCID: PMC11247341 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s460342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The immune cells play a substantial role in the development and progression of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We aim to investigate the causal involvement of immune cells in COPD via a Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. Methods Published genome-wide association studies (GWAS) statistics on immune cells were analyzed, with genetic variants identified as instrumental variables (IVs). Inverse-variance weighting (IVW), weighted median, and MR-Egger regression methods were employed, along with simple mode and weighted mode adopted in the two-sample MR analysis. Sensitivity analysis was conducted to examine the heterogeneity, horizontal pleiotropy, and stability of the causal relationship. Results IVW results suggested that CCR2 on CD62L+ plasmacytoid dendritic cells (DC), CCR2 on plasmacytoid DC, CD11b on CD66b++ myeloid cells, CD19 on CD20- CD38- CD24+ memory B cell subset, CD25 on transitional B cells, and CD25++CD8br %CD8br T cells were risk factors for the development of COPD. Besides, CD127 on effector memory-like cytotoxic T lymphocytes lacking expression of co-stimulatory molecule 28 (CD28-EM CTLs) and HLA DR+ NK ACs expressing human leukocyte antigen DR molecules while being natural killer cells (%NK ACs) were protective factors for COPD. Conclusion This study unveiled a causal relationship between immune cell phenotype and COPD. These findings offer new insights for the prevention and treatment of COPD using COPD-associated immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiefa Guan
- First Clinical College, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yibing Qin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Nini Qu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yushuo Pan
- First Clinical College, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
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Tighe RM, Birukova A, Malakhau Y, Kobayashi Y, Vose AT, Chandramohan V, Cyphert-Daly JM, Cumming RI, Fradin Kirshner H, Tata PR, Ingram JL, Gunn MD, Que LG, Yu YRA. Altered ontogeny and transcriptomic signatures of tissue-resident pulmonary interstitial macrophages ameliorate allergic airway hyperresponsiveness. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1371764. [PMID: 38983858 PMCID: PMC11231371 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1371764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Environmental exposures and experimental manipulations can alter the ontogenetic composition of tissue-resident macrophages. However, the impact of these alterations on subsequent immune responses, particularly in allergic airway diseases, remains poorly understood. This study aims to elucidate the significance of modified macrophage ontogeny resulting from environmental exposures on allergic airway responses to house dust mite (HDM) allergen. Methods We utilized embryonic lineage labeling to delineate the ontogenetic profile of tissue-resident macrophages at baseline and following the resolution of repeated lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced lung injury. We investigated differences in house dust mite (HDM)-induced allergy to assess the influence of macrophage ontogeny on allergic airway responses. Additionally, we employed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) and immunofluorescent staining to characterize the pulmonary macrophage composition, associated pathways, and tissue localization. Results Our findings demonstrate that the ontogeny of homeostatic alveolar and interstitial macrophages is altered after the resolution from repeated LPS-induced lung injury, leading to the replacement of embryonic-derived by bone marrow-derived macrophages. This shift in macrophage ontogeny is associated with reduced HDM-induced allergic airway responses. Through scRNAseq and immunofluorescent staining, we identified a distinct subset of resident-derived interstitial macrophages expressing genes associated with allergic airway diseases, localized adjacent to terminal bronchi, and diminished by prior LPS exposure. Discussion These results suggest a pivotal role for pulmonary macrophage ontogeny in modulating allergic airway responses. Moreover, our findings highlight the implications of prior environmental exposures in shaping future immune responses and influencing the development of allergies. By elucidating the mechanisms underlying these phenomena, this study provides valuable insights into potential therapeutic targets for allergic airway diseases and avenues for further research into immune modulation and allergic disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M. Tighe
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | | | - Yuryi Malakhau
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Yoshihiko Kobayashi
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
- Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Aaron T. Vose
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | | | | | - R. Ian Cumming
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | | | | | | | - Michael D. Gunn
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Loretta G. Que
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Yen-Rei A. Yu
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
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5
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Pervizaj-Oruqaj L, Ferrero MR, Matt U, Herold S. The guardians of pulmonary harmony: alveolar macrophages orchestrating the symphony of lung inflammation and tissue homeostasis. Eur Respir Rev 2024; 33:230263. [PMID: 38811033 PMCID: PMC11134199 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0263-2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent breakthroughs in single-cell sequencing, advancements in cellular and tissue imaging techniques, innovations in cell lineage tracing, and insights into the epigenome collectively illuminate the enigmatic landscape of alveolar macrophages in the lung under homeostasis and disease conditions. Our current knowledge reveals the cellular and functional diversity of alveolar macrophages within the respiratory system, emphasising their remarkable adaptability. By synthesising insights from classical cell and developmental biology studies, we provide a comprehensive perspective on alveolar macrophage functional plasticity. This includes an examination of their ontology-related features, their role in maintaining tissue homeostasis under steady-state conditions and the distinct contribution of bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) in promoting tissue regeneration and restoring respiratory system homeostasis in response to injuries. Elucidating the signalling pathways within inflammatory conditions, the impact of various triggers on tissue-resident alveolar macrophages (TR-AMs), as well as the recruitment and polarisation of macrophages originating from the bone marrow, presents an opportunity to propose innovative therapeutic approaches aimed at modulating the equilibrium between phenotypes to induce programmes associated with a pro-regenerative or homeostasis phenotype of BMDMs or TR-AMs. This, in turn, can lead to the amelioration of disease outcomes and the attenuation of detrimental inflammation. This review comprehensively addresses the pivotal role of macrophages in the orchestration of inflammation and resolution phases after lung injury, as well as ageing-related shifts and the influence of clonal haematopoiesis of indeterminate potential mutations on alveolar macrophages, exploring altered signalling pathways and transcriptional profiles, with implications for respiratory homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Learta Pervizaj-Oruqaj
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, University Hospital Giessen, Justus Liebig University, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
- Institute for Lung Health (ILH), Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Giessen, Germany
| | - Maximiliano Ruben Ferrero
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, University Hospital Giessen, Justus Liebig University, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
- Institute for Lung Health (ILH), Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Giessen, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ulrich Matt
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, University Hospital Giessen, Justus Liebig University, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
- Institute for Lung Health (ILH), Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Giessen, Germany
| | - Susanne Herold
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, University Hospital Giessen, Justus Liebig University, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
- Institute for Lung Health (ILH), Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Giessen, Germany
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6
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Smyth T, Jaspers I. Diesel exhaust particles induce polarization state-dependent functional and transcriptional changes in human monocyte-derived macrophages. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2024; 326:L83-L97. [PMID: 38084400 PMCID: PMC11279754 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00085.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Macrophage populations exist on a spectrum between the proinflammatory M1 and proresolution M2 states and have demonstrated the ability to reprogram between them after exposure to opposing polarization stimuli. Particulate matter (PM) has been repeatedly linked to worsening morbidity and mortality following respiratory infections and has been demonstrated to modify macrophage function and polarization. The purpose of this study was to determine whether diesel exhaust particles (DEP), a key component of airborne PM, would demonstrate polarization state-dependent effects on human monocyte-derived macrophages (hMDMs) and whether DEP would modify macrophage reprogramming. CD14+CD16- monocytes were isolated from the blood of healthy human volunteers and differentiated into macrophages with macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF). Resulting macrophages were left unpolarized or polarized into the proresolution M2 state before being exposed to DEP, M1-polarizing conditions (IFN-γ and LPS), or both and tested for phagocytic function, secretory profile, gene expression patterns, and bioenergetic properties. Contrary to previous reports, we observed a mixed M1/M2 phenotype in reprogrammed M2 cells when considering the broader range of functional readouts. In addition, we determined that DEP exposure dampens phagocytic function in all polarization states while modifying bioenergetic properties in M1 macrophages preferentially. Together, these data suggest that DEP exposure of reprogrammed M2 macrophages results in a highly inflammatory, highly energetic subpopulation of macrophages that may contribute to the poor health outcomes following PM exposure during respiratory infections.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We determined that reprogramming M2 macrophages in the presence of diesel exhaust particles (DEP) results in a highly inflammatory mixed M1/M2 phenotype. We also demonstrated that M1 macrophages are particularly vulnerable to particulate matter (PM) exposure as seen by dampened phagocytic function and modified bioenergetics. Our study suggests that PM causes reprogrammed M2 macrophages to become a highly energetic, highly secretory subpopulation of macrophages that may contribute to negative health outcomes observed in humans after PM exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Smyth
- Curriculum in Toxicology & Environmental Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, and Lung Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
| | - Ilona Jaspers
- Curriculum in Toxicology & Environmental Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, and Lung Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
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7
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Du EJ, Muench MO. A Monocytic Barrier to the Humanization of Immunodeficient Mice. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 19:959-980. [PMID: 37859310 PMCID: PMC10997744 DOI: 10.2174/011574888x263597231001164351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Mice with severe immunodeficiencies have become very important tools for studying foreign cells in an in vivo environment. Xenotransplants can be used to model cells from many species, although most often, mice are humanized through the transplantation of human cells or tissues to meet the needs of medical research. The development of immunodeficient mice is reviewed leading up to the current state-of-the-art strains, such as the NOD-scid-gamma (NSG) mouse. NSG mice are excellent hosts for human hematopoietic stem cell transplants or immune reconstitution through transfusion of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. However, barriers to full hematopoietic engraftment still remain; notably, the survival of human cells in the circulation is brief, which limits overall hematological and immune reconstitution. Reports have indicated a critical role for monocytic cells - monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells - in the clearance of xenogeneic cells from circulation. Various aspects of the NOD genetic background that affect monocytic cell growth, maturation, and function that are favorable to human cell transplantation are discussed. Important receptors, such as SIRPα, that form a part of the innate immune system and enable the recognition and phagocytosis of foreign cells by monocytic cells are reviewed. The development of humanized mouse models has taken decades of work in creating more immunodeficient mice, genetic modification of these mice to express human genes, and refinement of transplant techniques to optimize engraftment. Future advances may focus on the monocytic cells of the host to find ways for further engraftment and survival of xenogeneic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J. Du
- Vitalant Research Institute, 360 Spear Street, Suite 200, San Francisco, CA, 94105, USA
| | - Marcus O. Muench
- Vitalant Research Institute, 360 Spear Street, Suite 200, San Francisco, CA, 94105, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
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8
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Yang G, Yang Y, Liu Y, Liu X. Regulation of alveolar macrophage death in pulmonary fibrosis: a review. Apoptosis 2023; 28:1505-1519. [PMID: 37707713 PMCID: PMC10618387 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-023-01888-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a disease in which excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation occurs in pulmonary mesenchyme, which induces the destruction of alveolar structures and poor prognosis. Macrophage death is responsible for ECM accumulation after alveolar epithelial injury in PF. Depending on the local micro-environments, macrophages can be polarized to either classically activated (M1) or alternatively activated (M2) macrophage phenotypes. In general, M1 macrophages can promote inflammation and sterilization, stop the continuous damage process and prevent excessive repair, while M2 macrophages are anti-inflammatory and promote tissue repair, and excessive M2 macrophage activity may inhibit the absorption and degradation of ECM. Emerging evidence has revealed that death forms such as pyroptosis mediated by inflammasome affect polarization direction and ultimately lead to the development of PF. Pharmacological manipulation of macrophages death signals may serve as a logical therapeutic strategy for PF. This review will focus on the current state of knowledge regarding the regulation and underlying mechanisms of macrophages and their mediators in the influence of macrophage death on the development of PF. We expect to provide help in developing effective therapeutic strategies in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganghao Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yiping Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoshu Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Shuai Fu Yuan Street, Dong Cheng District, Beijing, 100730, China.
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9
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Li C, Meng Y, Li H, Du W, Gao X, Suo C, Gao Y, Ni Y, Sun T, Yang S, Lan T, Xin M, Ding C. Immunization with a heat-killed prm1 deletion strain protects the host from Cryptococcus neoformans infection. Emerg Microbes Infect 2023; 12:2244087. [PMID: 37526401 PMCID: PMC10431737 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2023.2244087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Systemic infection with Cryptococcus neoformans, a dangerous and contagious pathogen found throughout the world, frequently results in lethal cryptococcal pneumonia and meningoencephalitis, and no effective treatments and vaccination of cryptococcosis are available. Here, we describe Prm1, a novel regulator of C. neoformans virulence. C. neoformans prm1Δ cells exhibit extreme sensitivity to various environmental stress conditions. Furthermore, prm1Δ cells show deficiencies in the biosynthesis of chitosan and mannoprotein, which in turn result in impairment of cell wall integrity. Treatment of mice with heat-killed prm1Δ cells was found to facilitate the host immunological defence against infection with wild-type C. neoformans. Further investigation demonstrated that prm1Δ cells strongly promote pulmonary production of interferon-γ, leading to activation of macrophage M1 differentiation and inhibition of M2 polarization. Therefore, our findings suggest that C. neoformans Prm1 may be a viable target for the development of anti-cryptococcosis medications and, cells lacking Prm1 represent a promising candidate for a vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Meng
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hailong Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology, National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Du
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xindi Gao
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chenhao Suo
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yiru Gao
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yue Ni
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tianshu Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Mechanisms Research and Precision Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Scientific Research, Central Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sheng Yang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tian Lan
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meiling Xin
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chen Ding
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
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10
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Sun Y, Xu H, Lu T, Li T, Wang Y, Fan X, Jiang Y, Cai M, He P, Liu J. Progress in Understanding the Role and Therapeutic Targets of Polarized Subtypes of Macrophages in Pulmonary Fibrosis. Cell Biochem Biophys 2023; 81:673-682. [PMID: 37749443 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-023-01182-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis represents the advanced phase of diverse pulmonary ailments, and at present, a definitive cure for these ailments is lacking. Furthermore, underlying mechanisms causative of these ailments remain elusive. Macrophages are immune cells that resist external stimuli in the early stages after birth. These cells can polarize into the classically (M1) and alternatively (M2) activated macrophages. When stimulated owing to the presence of toxic factors, M1 macrophages produce several pro-inflammatory factors, which mediate the inflammatory injury response of the alveolar tissue. The secretion of diverse growth factors by M2 macrophages contributes to the pathogenesis of aberrant alveolar structural fibrosis and remodeling. The abnormal activity of M2 macrophages is considered a critical factor in the formation of pulmonary fibrosis. In this mini-review, to highlight the clinical implications of research studies, we summarize the role and therapeutic targets of polarized subtypes of macrophages in pulmonary fibrosis and the role of targeting macrophages for the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Ecological Environment and Critical Human Diseases Prevention of Hunan Province Department of Education, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Hao Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Ecological Environment and Critical Human Diseases Prevention of Hunan Province Department of Education, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Tang Lu
- The Key Laboratory of Ecological Environment and Critical Human Diseases Prevention of Hunan Province Department of Education, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Tong Li
- The Key Laboratory of Ecological Environment and Critical Human Diseases Prevention of Hunan Province Department of Education, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Yaqi Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Ecological Environment and Critical Human Diseases Prevention of Hunan Province Department of Education, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Xinting Fan
- The Key Laboratory of Ecological Environment and Critical Human Diseases Prevention of Hunan Province Department of Education, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Yuanyuan Jiang
- The Key Laboratory of Ecological Environment and Critical Human Diseases Prevention of Hunan Province Department of Education, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
- The Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards of Hunan Province, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Meihan Cai
- The Key Laboratory of Ecological Environment and Critical Human Diseases Prevention of Hunan Province Department of Education, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Peishuang He
- The Key Laboratory of Ecological Environment and Critical Human Diseases Prevention of Hunan Province Department of Education, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Jun Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Ecological Environment and Critical Human Diseases Prevention of Hunan Province Department of Education, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards of Hunan Province, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Hengyang City on Ecological Impedance Technology of Heavy Metal Pollution in Cultivated Soil of Nonferrous Metal Mining Area, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Hengyang City on Biological Toxicology and Ecological Restoration, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China.
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11
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Cui TX, Brady AE, Zhang YJ, Anderson C, Popova AP. IL-17a-producing γδT cells and NKG2D signaling mediate bacterial endotoxin-induced neonatal lung injury: implications for bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1156842. [PMID: 37744375 PMCID: PMC10514485 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1156842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a chronic lung disease in preterm birth survivors characterized by inflammation, impaired alveolarization and dysmorphic vasculature. Activated IL-17A+ lymphocytes are key drivers of inflammation in preterm infants. We have shown that in immature mice chronic airway exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces pulmonary inflammation, increased IL-17a expression, and hypoalveolarization, a BPD-like phenotype. The source of IL-17a and contribution to lung pathology is unknown. The natural-killer group 2, member D (NKG2D) receptor mediates activation and IL-17a production in γδ T cells by binding to stress molecules. LPS induces NKG2D ligand expression, including Rae-1 and MULT1. We hypothesized that IL-17a+ γδ T cells and NKG2D signaling mediate neonatal LPS-induced lung injury. Immature C57BL/6J (wild type), Nkg2d-/- or Tcrd-/- (lacking γδ T cells) mice were inoculated with 3ug/10ul of LPS from E. coli O26:B6 or 10ul of PBS intranasally on day of life 3, 5, 7, and 10. Selected mice were treated with neutralizing antibodies against IL-17a, or NKG2D intraperitoneally. Lung immune cells were assessed by flow cytometry and gene expression was analyzed by qPCR. Alveolar growth was assessed by lung morphometry. We established that anti-IL-17a antibody treatment attenuated LPS-induced hypoalveolarization. We found that LPS induced the fraction of IL-17a+NKG2D+ γδ T cells, a major source of IL-17a in the neonatal lung. LPS also induced lung mRNA expression of NKG2D, Rae-1, MULT1, and the DNA damage regulator p53. Anti-NKG2D treatment attenuated the effect of LPS on γδ T cell IL-17a expression, immune cell infiltration and hypoalveolarization. LPS-induced hypoalveolarization was also attenuated in Nkg2d-/- and Tcrd-/- mice. In tracheal aspirates of preterm infants IL-17A and its upstream regulator IL-23 were higher in infants who later developed BPD. Also, human ligands of NKG2D, MICA and MICB were present in the aspirates and MICA correlated with median FiO2. Our novel findings demonstrate a central role for activated IL-17a+ γδ T cells and NKG2D signaling in neonatal LPS-induced lung injury. Future studies will determine the role of NKG2D ligands and effectors, other NKG2D+ cells in early-life endotoxin-induced lung injury and inflammation with a long-term goal to understand how inflammation contributes to BPD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Antonia P. Popova
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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12
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Žaloudíková M. Mechanisms and Effects of Macrophage Polarization and Its Specifics in Pulmonary Environment. Physiol Res 2023; 72:S137-S156. [PMID: 37565418 PMCID: PMC10660583 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.935058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are a specific group of cells found in all body tissues. They have specific characteristics in each of the tissues that correspond to the functional needs of the specific environment. These cells are involved in a wide range of processes, both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory ("wound healing"). This is due to their specific capacity for so-called polarization, a phenotypic change that is, moreover, partially reversible compared to other differentiated cells of the human body. This promises a wide range of possibilities for its influence and thus therapeutic use. In this article, we therefore review the mechanisms that cause polarization, the basic classification of polarized macrophages, their characteristic markers and the effects that accompany these phenotypic changes. Since the study of pulmonary (and among them mainly alveolar) macrophages is currently the focus of scientific interest of many researchers and these macrophages are found in very specific environments, given mainly by the extremely high partial pressure of oxygen compared to other locations, which specifically affects their behavior, we will focus our review on this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Žaloudíková
- Department of Physiology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
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13
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Scortegagna M, Du Y, Bradley LM, Wang K, Molinolo A, Ruppin E, Murad R, Ronai ZA. Ubiquitin Ligases Siah1a/2 Control Alveolar Macrophage Functions to Limit Carcinogen-Induced Lung Adenocarcinoma. Cancer Res 2023; 83:2016-2033. [PMID: 37078793 PMCID: PMC10330299 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-23-0258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
Cellular components of the tumor microenvironment, including myeloid cells, play important roles in the progression of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and its response to therapy. Here, we characterize the function of the ubiquitin ligases Siah1a/2 in regulating the differentiation and activity of alveolar macrophages (AM) and assess the implication of Siah1a/2 control of AMs for carcinogen-induced LUAD. Macrophage-specific genetic ablation of Siah1a/2 promoted accumulation of AMs with an immature phenotype and increased expression of protumorigenic and pro-inflammatory Stat3 and β-catenin gene signatures. Administration of urethane to wild-type mice promoted enrichment of immature-like AMs and lung tumor development, which was enhanced by macrophage-specific Siah1a/2 ablation. The profibrotic gene signature seen in Siah1a/2-ablated immature-like macrophages was associated with increased tumor infiltration of CD14+ myeloid cells and poorer survival of patients with LUAD. Single-cell RNA-seq confirmed the presence of a cluster of immature-like AMs expressing a profibrotic signature in lungs of patients with LUAD, a signature enhanced in smokers. These findings identify Siah1a/2 in AMs as gatekeepers of lung cancer development. SIGNIFICANCE The ubiquitin ligases Siah1a/2 control proinflammatory signaling, differentiation, and profibrotic phenotypes of alveolar macrophages to suppress lung carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzia Scortegagna
- NCI-designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla CA
| | - Yuanning Du
- NCI-designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla CA
| | - Linda M. Bradley
- NCI-designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla CA
| | - Kun Wang
- Cancer Data Science Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | | | - Eytan Ruppin
- Cancer Data Science Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Rabi Murad
- NCI-designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla CA
| | - Ze’ev A. Ronai
- NCI-designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla CA
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14
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Huang X, Cao M, Xiao Y. Alveolar macrophages in pulmonary alveolar proteinosis: origin, function, and therapeutic strategies. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1195988. [PMID: 37388737 PMCID: PMC10303123 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1195988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is a rare pulmonary disorder that is characterized by the abnormal accumulation of surfactant within the alveoli. Alveolar macrophages (AMs) have been identified as playing a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of PAP. In most of PAP cases, the disease is triggered by impaired cholesterol clearance in AMs that depend on granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), resulting in defective alveolar surfactant clearance and disruption of pulmonary homeostasis. Currently, novel pathogenesis-based therapies are being developed that target the GM-CSF signaling, cholesterol homeostasis, and immune modulation of AMs. In this review, we summarize the origin and functional role of AMs in PAP, as well as the latest therapeutic strategies aimed at addressing this disease. Our goal is to provide new perspectives and insights into the pathogenesis of PAP, and thereby identify promising new treatments for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinmei Huang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
- Nanjing Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Nanjing, China
| | - Mengshu Cao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
- Nanjing Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Nanjing, China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yonglong Xiao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
- Nanjing Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Nanjing, China
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15
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Strickland AB, Chen Y, Sun D, Shi M. Alternatively activated lung alveolar and interstitial macrophages promote fungal growth. iScience 2023; 26:106717. [PMID: 37216116 PMCID: PMC10193231 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
How lung macrophages, especially interstitial macrophages (IMs), respond to invading pathogens remains elusive. Here, we show that mice exhibited a rapid and substantial expansion of macrophages, especially CX3CR1+ IMs, in the lung following infection with Cryptococcus neoformans, a pathogenic fungus leading to high mortality among patients with HIV/AIDS. The IM expansion correlated with enhanced CSF1 and IL-4 production and was affected by the deficiency of CCR2 or Nr4a1. Both alveolar macrophages (AMs) and IMs were observed to harbor C. neoformans and became alternatively activated following infection, with IMs being more polarized. The absence of AMs by genetically disrupting CSF2 signaling reduced fungal loads in the lung and prolonged the survival of infected mice. Likewise, infected mice depleted of IMs by the CSF1 receptor inhibitor PLX5622 displayed significantly lower pulmonary fungal burdens. Thus, C. neoformans infection induces alternative activation of both AMs and IMs, which facilitates fungal growth in the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley B. Strickland
- Division of Immunology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Yanli Chen
- Division of Immunology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Donglei Sun
- Division of Immunology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Meiqing Shi
- Division of Immunology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
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16
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Rodriguez-Rodriguez L, Gillet L, Machiels B. Shaping of the alveolar landscape by respiratory infections and long-term consequences for lung immunity. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1149015. [PMID: 37081878 PMCID: PMC10112541 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1149015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory infections and especially viral infections, along with other extrinsic environmental factors, have been shown to profoundly affect macrophage populations in the lung. In particular, alveolar macrophages (AMs) are important sentinels during respiratory infections and their disappearance opens a niche for recruited monocytes (MOs) to differentiate into resident macrophages. Although this topic is still the focus of intense debate, the phenotype and function of AMs that recolonize the niche after an inflammatory insult, such as an infection, appear to be dictated in part by their origin, but also by local and/or systemic changes that may be imprinted at the epigenetic level. Phenotypic alterations following respiratory infections have the potential to shape lung immunity for the long-term, leading to beneficial responses such as protection against allergic airway inflammation or against other infections, but also to detrimental responses when associated with the development of immunopathologies. This review reports the persistence of virus-induced functional alterations in lung macrophages, and discusses the importance of this imprinting in explaining inter-individual and lifetime immune variation.
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17
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Wang L, Wang D, Zhang T, Ma Y, Tong X, Fan H. The role of immunometabolism in macrophage polarization and its impact on acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1117548. [PMID: 37020557 PMCID: PMC10067752 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1117548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung macrophages constitute the first line of defense against airborne particles and microbes and are key to maintaining pulmonary immune homeostasis. There is increasing evidence suggesting that macrophages also participate in the pathogenesis of acute lung injury (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), including the modulation of inflammatory responses and the repair of damaged lung tissues. The diversity of their functions may be attributed to their polarized states. Classically activated or inflammatory (M1) macrophages and alternatively activated or anti-inflammatory (M2) macrophages are the two main polarized macrophage phenotypes. The precise regulatory mechanism of macrophage polarization is a complex process that is not completely understood. A growing body of literature on immunometabolism has demonstrated the essential role of immunometabolism and its metabolic intermediates in macrophage polarization. In this review, we summarize macrophage polarization phenotypes, the role of immunometabolism, and its metabolic intermediates in macrophage polarization and ALI/ARDS, which may represent a new target and therapeutic direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dongguang Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tianli Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yao Ma
- Department of Geriatrics and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiang Tong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong Fan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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18
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MafB-restricted local monocyte proliferation precedes lung interstitial macrophage differentiation. Nat Immunol 2023; 24:827-840. [PMID: 36928411 PMCID: PMC10154211 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-023-01468-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Resident tissue macrophages (RTMs) are differentiated immune cells that populate distinct niches and exert important tissue-supportive functions. RTM maintenance is thought to rely either on differentiation from monocytes or on RTM self-renewal. Here, we used a mouse model of inducible lung interstitial macrophage (IM) niche depletion and refilling to investigate the development of IMs in vivo. Using time-course single-cell RNA-sequencing analyses, bone marrow chimeras and gene targeting, we found that engrafted Ly6C+ classical monocytes proliferated locally in a Csf1 receptor-dependent manner before differentiating into IMs. The transition from monocyte proliferation toward IM subset specification was controlled by the transcription factor MafB, while c-Maf specifically regulated the identity of the CD206+ IM subset. Our data provide evidence that, in the mononuclear phagocyte system, the ability to proliferate is not merely restricted to myeloid progenitor cells and mature RTMs but is also a tightly regulated capability of monocytes developing into RTMs in vivo.
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19
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Tighe RM, Birukova A, Malakhau Y, Kobayashi Y, Vose AT, Chandramohan V, Cyphert-Daly JM, Cumming RI, Kirshner HF, Tata PR, Ingram JL, Gunn MD, Que LG, Yu YRA. Allergic Asthma Responses Are Dependent on Macrophage Ontogeny. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.16.528861. [PMID: 36824904 PMCID: PMC9949163 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.16.528861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
The ontogenetic composition of tissue-resident macrophages following injury, environmental exposure, or experimental depletion can be altered upon re-establishment of homeostasis. However, the impact of altered resident macrophage ontogenetic milieu on subsequent immune responses is poorly understood. Hence, we assessed the effect of macrophage ontogeny alteration following return to homeostasis on subsequent allergic airway responses to house dust mites (HDM). Using lineage tracing, we confirmed alveolar and interstitial macrophage ontogeny and their replacement by bone marrow-derived macrophages following LPS exposure. This alteration in macrophage ontogenetic milieu reduced allergic airway responses to HDM challenge. In addition, we defined a distinct population of resident-derived interstitial macrophages expressing allergic airway disease genes, located adjacent to terminal bronchi, and reduced by prior LPS exposure. These findings support that the ontogenetic milieu of pulmonary macrophages is a central factor in allergic airway responses and has implications for how prior environmental exposures impact subsequent immune responses and the development of allergy.
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20
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Xia S, Vila Ellis L, Winkley K, Menden H, Mabry SM, Venkatraman A, Louiselle D, Gibson M, Grundberg E, Chen J, Sampath V. Neonatal hyperoxia induces activated pulmonary cellular states and sex-dependent transcriptomic changes in a model of experimental bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2023; 324:L123-L140. [PMID: 36537711 PMCID: PMC9902224 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00252.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperoxia disrupts lung development in mice and causes bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in neonates. To investigate sex-dependent molecular and cellular programming involved in hyperoxia, we surveyed the mouse lung using single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), and validated our findings in human neonatal lung cells in vitro. Hyperoxia-induced inflammation in alveolar type (AT) 2 cells gave rise to damage-associated transient progenitors (DATPs). It also induced a new subpopulation of AT1 cells with reduced expression of growth factors normally secreted by AT1 cells, but increased mitochondrial gene expression. Female alveolar epithelial cells had less EMT and pulmonary fibrosis signaling in hyperoxia. In the endothelium, expansion of Car4+ EC (Cap2) was seen in hyperoxia along with an emergent subpopulation of Cap2 with repressed VEGF signaling. This regenerative response was increased in females exposed to hyperoxia. Mesenchymal cells had inflammatory signatures in hyperoxia, with a new distal interstitial fibroblast subcluster characterized by repressed lipid biosynthesis and a transcriptomic signature resembling myofibroblasts. Hyperoxia-induced gene expression signatures in human neonatal fibroblasts and alveolar epithelial cells in vitro resembled mouse scRNA-seq data. These findings suggest that neonatal exposure to hyperoxia programs distinct sex-specific stem cell progenitor and cellular reparative responses that underpin lung remodeling in BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Xia
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Lisandra Vila Ellis
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Konner Winkley
- Genomic Medicine Center, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Heather Menden
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Sherry M Mabry
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Aparna Venkatraman
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Daniel Louiselle
- Genomic Medicine Center, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Margaret Gibson
- Genomic Medicine Center, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Elin Grundberg
- Genomic Medicine Center, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri
- Children's Mercy Research Institute, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Jichao Chen
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Venkatesh Sampath
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri
- Children's Mercy Research Institute, Kansas City, Missouri
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21
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Hu W, Song X, Yu H, Zhao L, Zhao Y, Zhao Y. Further comments on the role of ACE-2 positive macrophages in human lung. Cytometry A 2023; 103:146-152. [PMID: 34355866 PMCID: PMC8426751 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.24484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hu
- Center for Discovery and InnovationHackensack Meridian HealthNutleyNew JerseyUSA
| | - Xiang Song
- Center for Discovery and InnovationHackensack Meridian HealthNutleyNew JerseyUSA
| | - Haibo Yu
- Center for Discovery and InnovationHackensack Meridian HealthNutleyNew JerseyUSA
| | - Laura Zhao
- Throne Biotechnologies IncParamusNew JerseyUSA
| | - Yeqian Zhao
- Throne Biotechnologies IncParamusNew JerseyUSA
| | - Yong Zhao
- Center for Discovery and InnovationHackensack Meridian HealthNutleyNew JerseyUSA
- Throne Biotechnologies IncParamusNew JerseyUSA
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22
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Draijer C, Florez-Sampedro L, Reker-Smit C, Post E, van Dijk F, Melgert BN. Explaining the polarized macrophage pool during murine allergic lung inflammation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1056477. [PMID: 36605195 PMCID: PMC9807907 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1056477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Differentially polarized macrophages, especially YM1+ and MHCII+ macrophages, play an important role in asthma development. The origin of these polarized macrophages has not been elucidated yet. We therefore aimed to investigate how proliferation, monocyte recruitment, and/or switching of polarization states contribute to this specific pool of polarized interstitial and alveolar macrophages during development of house dust mite (HDM)-induced allergic lung inflammation in mice. Methods Male and female mice were first treated intranasally with PKH26 to label lung-resident macrophages and were then exposed to either HDM or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) for two weeks. Different myeloid immune cell types were quantified in lung tissue and blood using flow cytometry. Results We found that macrophage polarization only starts up in the second week of HDM exposures. Before this happened, unpolarized alveolar and interstitial macrophages transiently increased in HDM-exposed mice. This transient increase was mostly local proliferation of alveolar macrophages, while interstitial macrophages also contained unlabeled macrophages suggesting monocyte contribution. After two weeks of exposures, the number of interstitial and alveolar macrophages was similar between HDM and PBS-exposed mice, but the distribution of polarization states was remarkably different. HDM-exposed mice selectively developed YM1+ alveolar macrophages and MHCII-hi interstitial macrophages while nonpolarized macrophages were lost compared to PBS-exposed mice. Discussion In this HDM model we have shown that development of a polarized macrophage pool during allergic inflammation is first dependent on proliferation of nonpolarized tissue-resident macrophages with some help of infiltrating unlabeled cells, presumably circulating monocytes. These nonpolarized macrophages then acquire their polarized phenotype by upregulating YM1 on alveolar macrophages and MHCII on interstitial macrophages. This novel information will help us to better understand the role of macrophages in asthma and designing therapeutic strategies targeting macrophage functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Draijer
- GRIAC- Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Laura Florez-Sampedro
- GRIAC- Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands,Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands,Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Catharina Reker-Smit
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Toxicology and Targeting, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Eduard Post
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Toxicology and Targeting, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Fransien van Dijk
- GRIAC- Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands,Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Barbro N. Melgert
- GRIAC- Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands,Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands,*Correspondence: Barbro N. Melgert,
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23
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Vo T, Saini Y. Case report: Mafb promoter activity may define the alveolar macrophage dichotomy. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1050494. [PMID: 36578483 PMCID: PMC9791191 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1050494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cre-LoxP system has been widely used to induce recombination of floxed genes of interest. Currently available macrophage promoter-specific Cre recombinase mice strains have various limitations that warrants the testing of additional Cre strains. V-maf musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma oncogene family, protein b -Cre (Mafb-Cre) mice label macrophages in most organs such as spleen, small intestine, lung, bone marrow, and peritoneal cavity. However, whether Mafb-Cre recombinase targets the gene recombination in alveolar macrophage remains untested. Here, we utilized MafbCre/WTR26mTmG/WT strain that expresses mTOM protein in all the cells of mouse body except for those that express Mafb-Cre-regulated mEGFP. We performed fluorescent microscopy and flow cytometry to analyze mTOM and mEGFP expression in alveolar macrophages from MafbCre/WTR26mTmG/WT mice. Our analyses revealed that the Mafb-Cre is active in only ~40% of the alveolar macrophages in an age-independent manner. While Mafb- (mTOM+/mEGFP-) and Mafb+ (mEGFP+) alveolar macrophages exhibit comparable expression of CD11b and CD11c surface markers, the surface expression of MHCII is elevated in the Mafb+ (mEGFP+) macrophages. The bone marrow-derived macrophages from MafbCre/WTR26mTmG/WT mice are highly amenable to Cre-LoxP recombination in vitro. The bone marrow depletion and reconstitution experiment revealed that ~98% of alveolar macrophages from MafbCre/WTR26mTmG/WT → WT chimera are amenable to the Mafb-Cre-mediated recombination. Finally, the Th2 stimulation and ozone exposure to the MafbCre/WTR26mTmG/WT mice promote the Mafb-Cre-mediated recombination in alveolar macrophages. In conclusion, while the Mafb-/Mafb+ dichotomy thwarts the use of Mafb-Cre for the induction of floxed alleles in the entire alveolar macrophage population, this strain provides a unique tool to induce gene deletion in alveolar macrophages that encounter Th2 microenvironment in the lung airspaces.
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Dang W, Tao Y, Xu X, Zhao H, Zou L, Li Y. The role of lung macrophages in acute respiratory distress syndrome. Inflamm Res 2022; 71:1417-1432. [PMID: 36264361 PMCID: PMC9582389 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-022-01645-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is an acute and diffuse inflammatory lung injury in a short time, one of the common severe manifestations of the respiratory system that endangers human life and health. As an innate immune cell, macrophages play a key role in the inflammatory response. For a long time, the role of pulmonary macrophages in ARDS has tended to revolve around the polarization of M1/M2. However, with the development of single-cell RNA sequencing, fate mapping, metabolomics, and other new technologies, a deeper understanding of the development process, classification, and function of macrophages in the lung are acquired. Here, we discuss the function of pulmonary macrophages in ARDS from the two dimensions of anatomical location and cell origin and describe the effects of cell metabolism and intercellular interaction on the function of macrophages. Besides, we explore the treatments for targeting macrophages, such as enhancing macrophage phagocytosis, regulating macrophage recruitment, and macrophage death. Considering the differences in responsiveness of different research groups to these treatments and the tremendous dynamic changes in the gene expression of monocyte/macrophage, we discussed the possibility of characterizing the gene expression of monocyte/macrophage as the biomarkers. We hope that this review will provide new insight into pulmonary macrophage function and therapeutic targets of ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenpei Dang
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
- Department of Emergency, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Yiming Tao
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
- Department of Emergency, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Xinxin Xu
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
- Department of Emergency, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
- Department of Emergency, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Lijuan Zou
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
- Department of Emergency, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Yongsheng Li
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
- Department of Emergency, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
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Christenson JL, Williams MM, Richer JK. The underappreciated role of resident epithelial cell populations in metastatic progression: contributions of the lung alveolar epithelium. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 323:C1777-C1790. [PMID: 36252127 PMCID: PMC9744653 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00181.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Metastatic cancer is difficult to treat and is responsible for the majority of cancer-related deaths. After cancer cells initiate metastasis and successfully seed a distant site, resident cells in the tissue play a key role in determining how metastatic progression develops. The lung is the second most frequent site of metastatic spread, and the primary site of metastasis within the lung is alveoli. The most abundant cell type in the alveolar niche is the epithelium. This review will examine the potential contributions of the alveolar epithelium to metastatic progression. It will also provide insight into other ways in which alveolar epithelial cells, acting as immune sentinels within the lung, may influence metastatic progression through their various interactions with cells in the surrounding microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Christenson
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Michelle M Williams
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Jennifer K Richer
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
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26
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Bhattacharya M. Insights from Transcriptomics: CD163 + Profibrotic Lung Macrophages in COVID-19. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2022; 67:520-527. [PMID: 35675555 PMCID: PMC9651197 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2022-0107tr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) begins with upper airway symptoms but proceeds in a significant proportion of patients to life-threatening infection of the lower respiratory tract, where an exuberant inflammatory response, edema, and adverse parenchymal remodeling impair gas exchange. Respiratory failure is caused initially by flooding of the airspaces with plasma exudate, sloughed epithelium, and inflammatory cells. For many patients with COVID-19, this acute phase has been observed to give way to a prolonged course of acute respiratory distress syndrome, and a significant proportion of patients go on to develop fibroproliferative remodeling of the lung parenchyma, which lengthens the duration of respiratory impairment and mechanical ventilation. Monocyte-derived macrophages have previously been implicated in the fibrotic phase of lung injury in multiple models. From several recent studies that used single-cell genomic techniques, a profile of the transcriptomic state of COVID-19 lung macrophages has emerged. Linkages have been made between these macrophages, which are monocyte-derived and CD163+, and profibrotic macrophages found in other contexts, including animal models of fibrosis and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Here, emerging concepts of macrophage profibrotic function in COVID-19 are highlighted with a focus on gaps in knowledge to be addressed by future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallar Bhattacharya
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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27
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Lobby JL, Uddbäck I, Scharer CD, Mi T, Boss JM, Thomsen AR, Christensen JP, Kohlmeier JE. Persistent Antigen Harbored by Alveolar Macrophages Enhances the Maintenance of Lung-Resident Memory CD8 + T Cells. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 209:1778-1787. [PMID: 36162870 PMCID: PMC9588742 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Lung tissue-resident memory T cells are crucial mediators of cellular immunity against respiratory viruses; however, their gradual decline hinders the development of T cell-based vaccines against respiratory pathogens. Recently, studies using adenovirus (Ad)-based vaccine vectors have shown that the number of protective lung-resident CD8+ TRMs can be maintained long term. In this article, we show that immunization of mice with a replication-deficient Ad serotype 5 expressing influenza (A/Puerto Rico/8/34) nucleoprotein (AdNP) generates a long-lived lung TRM pool that is transcriptionally indistinct from those generated during a primary influenza infection. In addition, we demonstrate that CD4+ T cells contribute to the long-term maintenance of AdNP-induced CD8+ TRMs. Using a lineage tracing approach, we identify alveolar macrophages as a cell source of persistent NP Ag after immunization with AdNP. Importantly, depletion of alveolar macrophages after AdNP immunization resulted in significantly reduced numbers of NP-specific CD8+ TRMs in the lungs and airways. Combined, our results provide further insight to the mechanisms governing the enhanced longevity of Ag-specific CD8+ lung TRMs observed after immunization with recombinant Ad.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna L Lobby
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; and
| | - Ida Uddbäck
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; and
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christopher D Scharer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; and
| | - Tian Mi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; and
| | - Jeremy M Boss
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; and
| | - Allan R Thomsen
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jan P Christensen
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jacob E Kohlmeier
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; and
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28
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Eenjes E, Tibboel D, Wijnen RMH, Schnater JM, Rottier RJ. SOX2 and SOX21 in Lung Epithelial Differentiation and Repair. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13064. [PMID: 36361852 PMCID: PMC9657681 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The lung originates from the ventral foregut and develops into an intricate branched structure of airways, alveoli, vessels and support tissue. As the lung develops, cells become specified and differentiate into the various cell lineages. This process is controlled by specific transcription factors, such as the SRY-related HMG-box genes SOX2 and SOX21, that are activated or repressed through intrinsic and extrinsic signals. Disturbances in any of these processes during the development of the lung may lead to various pediatric lung disorders, such as Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia (CDH), Congenital Pulmonary Airway Malformation (CPAM) and Broncho-Pulmonary Dysplasia (BPD). Changes in the composition of the airways and the alveoli may result in reduced respiratory function and eventually lead to chronic lung disorders. In this concise review, we describe different intrinsic and extrinsic cellular processes required for proper differentiation of the epithelium during development and regeneration, and the influence of the microenvironment on this process with special focus on SOX2 and SOX21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelien Eenjes
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children’s Hospital, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dick Tibboel
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children’s Hospital, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rene M. H. Wijnen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children’s Hospital, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes Marco Schnater
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children’s Hospital, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robbert J. Rottier
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children’s Hospital, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus MC, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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29
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Sari E, He C, Margaroli C. Plasticity towards Rigidity: A Macrophage Conundrum in Pulmonary Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:11443. [PMID: 36232756 PMCID: PMC9570276 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive, chronic, and ultimately fatal diffuse parenchymal lung disease. The molecular mechanisms of fibrosis in IPF patients are not fully understood and there is a lack of effective treatments. For decades, different types of drugs such as immunosuppressants and antioxidants have been tested, usually with unsuccessful results. Although two antifibrotic drugs (Nintedanib and Pirfenidone) are approved and used for the treatment of IPF, side effects are common, and they only slow down disease progression without improving patients' survival. Macrophages are central to lung homeostasis, wound healing, and injury. Depending on the stimulus in the microenvironment, macrophages may contribute to fibrosis, but also, they may play a role in the amelioration of fibrosis. In this review, we explore the role of macrophages in IPF in relation to the fibrotic processes, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and their crosstalk with resident and recruited cells and we emphasized the importance of macrophages in finding new treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezgi Sari
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy & Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Chao He
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy & Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Camilla Margaroli
- Department of Pathology, Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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30
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Gu Y, Lawrence T, Mohamed R, Liang Y, Yahaya BH. The emerging roles of interstitial macrophages in pulmonary fibrosis: A perspective from scRNA-seq analyses. Front Immunol 2022; 13:923235. [PMID: 36211428 PMCID: PMC9536737 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.923235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is an irreversible and progressive disease affecting the lungs, and the etiology remains poorly understood. This disease can be lethal and currently has no specific clinical therapeutic regimen. Macrophages, the most common type of immune cell in the lungs, have been reported to play a key role in the pathogenesis of fibrotic disease. The lung macrophage population is mostly composed of alveolar macrophages and interstitial macrophages, both of which have not been thoroughly studied in the pathogenesis of lung fibrosis. Interstitial macrophages have recently been recognised for their participation in lung fibrosis due to new technology arising from a combination of bioinformatics and single-cell RNA sequencing analysis. This paper reviews recent developments regarding lung macrophage classification and summarizes the origin and replenishment of interstitial macrophages and their function in pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanrong Gu
- Laboratory of Genetic Regulators in the Immune System, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Lung Stem Cells and Gene Therapy Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute (AMDI), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bertam, Kepala Batas, Malaysia
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Therapy, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Toby Lawrence
- Laboratory of Genetic Regulators in the Immune System, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Centre for Inflammation Biology and Cancer Immunology, Cancer Research UK King’s Health Partners Centre, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rafeezul Mohamed
- Lung Stem Cells and Gene Therapy Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute (AMDI), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bertam, Kepala Batas, Malaysia
| | - Yinming Liang
- Laboratory of Genetic Regulators in the Immune System, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Therapy, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- *Correspondence: Yinming Liang, ; Badrul Hisham Yahaya,
| | - Badrul Hisham Yahaya
- Lung Stem Cells and Gene Therapy Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute (AMDI), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bertam, Kepala Batas, Malaysia
- *Correspondence: Yinming Liang, ; Badrul Hisham Yahaya,
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31
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Shawaf T, Schuberth HJ, Hussen J. Immune cell composition of the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in healthy and respiratory diseased dromedary camels. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:353. [PMID: 36131278 PMCID: PMC9490690 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03446-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Respiratory diseases are among the most common and expensive to treat diseases in camels with a great economic impact on camel health, welfare, and production. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) has been proven as a valuable sample for investigating the leukocyte populations in the respiratory tract of several species. In the present study, fluorescent antibody labeling and flow cytometry were used to study the immune cell composition of BALF in dromedary camels. Animals with clinical respiratory diseases (n = seven) were compared with apparently healthy animals (n = 10). In addition, blood leukocytes from the same animals were stained in parallel with the same antibodies and analyzed by flow cytometry. Results Camel BALF macrophages, granulocytes, monocytes, and lymphocytes were identified based on their forward and side scatter properties. The expression pattern of the cell markers CD172a, CD14, CD163, and MHCII molecules on BALF cells indicates a similar phenotype for camel, bovine, and porcine BALF myeloid cells. The comparison between camels with respiratory disease and healthy camels regarding cellular composition in their BALF revealed a higher total cell count, a higher fraction of granulocytes, and a lower fraction of macrophages in diseased than healthy camels. Within the lymphocyte population, the percentages of helper T cells and B cells were also higher in diseased than healthy camels. The elevated expression of the activation marker CD11a on helper T cells of diseased camels is an indication of the expansion of helper T cells population due to infection and exposure to respiratory pathogens. The higher abundance of MHCII molecules on BALF macrophages from diseased camels indicates a polarization toward an inflammatory macrophage phenotype (M1) in respiratory diseased camels. No significant differences were observed in the systemic leukogram between healthy and diseased animals. Conclusions Collectively, the current study represents the first report on flow cytometric analysis of immune cell composition of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) in dromedary camels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Turke Shawaf
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hans-Joachim Schuberth
- Institute for Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jamal Hussen
- Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia.
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32
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Wang Z, Li S, Huang B. Alveolar macrophages: Achilles' heel of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:242. [PMID: 35853858 PMCID: PMC9295089 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01106-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused more than 6.3 million deaths to date. Despite great efforts to curb the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), vaccines and neutralizing antibodies are in the gloom due to persistent viral mutations and antiviral compounds face challenges of specificity and safety. In addition, vaccines are unable to treat already-infected individuals, and antiviral drugs cannot be used prophylactically. Therefore, exploration of unconventional strategies to curb the current pandemic is highly urgent. Alveolar macrophages (AMs) residing on the surface of alveoli are the first immune cells that dispose of alveoli-invading viruses. Our findings demonstrate that M1 AMs have an acidic endosomal pH, thus favoring SARS-CoV-2 to leave endosomes and release into the cytosol where the virus initiates replication; in contrast, M2 AMs have an increased endosomal pH, which dampens the viral escape and facilitates delivery of the virus for lysosomal degradation. In this review, we propose that AMs are the Achilles’ heel of SARS-CoV-2 infection and that modulation of the endosomal pH of AMs has the potential to eliminate invaded SARS-CoV-2; the same strategy might also be suitable for other lethal respiratory viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenfeng Wang
- Department of Immunology & National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Peking Union Medical College, 100005, Beijing, China
| | - Shunshun Li
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medicine College, China Medical University, 110122, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Bo Huang
- Department of Immunology & National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Peking Union Medical College, 100005, Beijing, China. .,Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, 430030, Wuhan, China.
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33
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Lewis SA, Doratt BM, Sureshchandra S, Jankeel A, Newman N, Shen W, Grant KA, Messaoudi I. Ethanol Consumption Induces Nonspecific Inflammation and Functional Defects in Alveolar Macrophages. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2022; 67:112-124. [PMID: 35380939 PMCID: PMC9273227 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2021-0346oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic alcohol drinking is associated with increased susceptibility to viral and bacterial respiratory pathogens. In this study, we use a rhesus macaque model of voluntary ethanol self-administration to study the effects of long-term alcohol drinking on the immunological landscape of the lung. We report a heightened inflammatory state in alveolar macrophages (AMs) obtained from ethanol (EtOH)-drinking animals that is accompanied by increased chromatin accessibility in intergenic regions that regulate inflammatory genes and contain binding motifs for transcription factors AP-1, IRF8, and NFKB p-65. In line with these transcriptional and epigenetic changes at the basal state, AMs from EtOH-drinking animals generate elevated inflammatory mediator responses to lipopolysaccharides and respiratory syncytial virus. However, the transcriptional analysis revealed an inefficient induction of interferon-stimulated genes with EtOH in response to the respiratory syncytial virus, suggesting disruption of antimicrobial defenses. Correspondingly, AMs from EtOH-drinking animals exhibited transcriptional shifts indicative of increased oxidative stress and oxidative phosphorylation, which was coupled with higher cytosolic reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial potential. This heightened oxidative stress state was accompanied by decreased ability to phagocytose bacteria. Bulk RNA and assay for transposase-accessible chromatin sequencing data further revealed reduced expression and chromatin accessibility of loci associated with tissue repair and maintenance with chronic EtOH drinking. Similarly, analysis of single-cell RNA sequencing data revealed shifts in cell states from tissue maintenance to inflammatory responses with EtOH. Collectively, these data provide novel insight into mechanisms by which chronic EtOH drinking increases susceptibility to infection in patients with alcohol use disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sloan A. Lewis
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry
- Institute for Immunology, and
| | - Brianna M. Doratt
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky; and
| | - Suhas Sureshchandra
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry
- Institute for Immunology, and
| | | | - Natali Newman
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon
| | - Weining Shen
- Department of Statistics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Kathleen A. Grant
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon
| | - Ilhem Messaoudi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry
- Institute for Immunology, and
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky; and
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34
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Wu M, Liang Y, Zhang X. Changes in Pulmonary Microenvironment Aids Lung Metastasis of Breast Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:860932. [PMID: 35719975 PMCID: PMC9204317 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.860932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer has become the most common malignant disease in the world according to the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), and the most critical cause of death is distant metastasis. The lung is the extremely common visceral site for breast cancer metastasis. Lung metastasis of breast cancer is not only dependent on the invasive ability of the tumor itself, but also closely relates to the pulmonary microenvironment. In the progression of breast cancer, the formation of specific microenvironment in lungs can provide suitable conditions for the metastasis of breast cancer. Pulmonary inflammatory response, angiogenesis, extracellular matrix remodeling, some chemotherapeutic agents and so on all play important roles in the formation of the pulmonary microenvironment. This review highlights recent findings regarding the alterations of pulmonary microenvironment in lung metastasis of breast cancer, with a focus on various cells and acellular components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meimei Wu
- Clinical Experimental Center, Jiangmen Key Laboratory of Clinical Biobanks and Translational Research, Jiangmen Central Hospital, Jiangmen, China
| | - Yanfang Liang
- Department of Pathology, Dongguan Hospital Affiliated to Jinan University, Binhaiwan Central Hospital of Dongguan, Dongguan, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Clinical Experimental Center, Jiangmen Key Laboratory of Clinical Biobanks and Translational Research, Jiangmen Central Hospital, Jiangmen, China.,Dongguan Key Laboratory of Medical Bioactive Molecular Developmental and Translational Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Antitumor Active Substance Research and Development, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
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Flow Cytometric Analysis of Leukocyte Populations in the Lung Tissue of Dromedary Camels. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9060287. [PMID: 35737339 PMCID: PMC9231337 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9060287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory tract infections are among the most common infections in dromedary camels, with a high impact on animal health, production, and welfare. Tissue-specific distribution of immune cells is one of the important factors that influence the nature and outcome of the immune response to pathogens. Several protocols have recently been described for the flow cytometric analysis of immune cells in the lung tissue of several species. However, no such protocol currently exists for dromedary camels. The aim of the present study was, therefore, to establish a flow cytometric protocol for the identification of immune cell populations in the camel lung tissue and the evaluation of some of their phenotypic and functional properties. Combined staining of camel lung leukocytes with monoclonal antibodies to the pan-leukocyte marker CD45 and the myeloid cell marker CD172a allowed the identification of myeloid cells (CD45+CD172a+) and lymphoid cells (CD45+CD172a−) in the lung of healthy camels. The cell adhesion molecules CD11a and CD18 were found in a higher abundance on myeloid cells compared to lymphoid cells. Based on their differential expression of the LPS receptor CD14, macrophages (CD172a+CD14high cells) were identified as the most abundant immune cell population in the camel lung tissue. In contrast to their dominance in camel peripheral blood, granulocytes (CD172a+CD14low) presented only a minor population in the lung tissue. The higher frequency of γδ T cells in the lung tissue than in peripheral blood suggests a role for these cells in the pulmonary immune system. Flow cytometric analysis of bacterial phagocytosis and ROS production upon bacterial stimulation revealed high antimicrobial activity of camel lung phagocytes, which was comparable with the antimicrobial activity of blood granulocytes. Comparative analysis of immune cell distribution between the cranial and caudal lobes of the camel lung revealed a higher frequency of granulocytes and a lower frequency of macrophages in the cranial compared to the caudal lung lobe. In addition, the higher frequency of cells expressing the M2 macrophage marker CD163 in the caudal lung tissue, with a slightly higher fraction of MHCII-positive cells (M1 phenotype) in the cranial lung tissue, may suggest the distribution of different macrophage subtypes in the different lobes of the camel lung. Such differences between lung lobes could influence the effectiveness of the immune response to infection or vaccination with respiratory pathogens. Collectively, the present study identified some similarities and differences between camels and other farm animals regarding the distribution of the main immune cell populations in their lungs. Further studies are required for comprehensive immunophenotyping of the cellular pulmonary immune system in camels.
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Macrophage-Targeted Nanomedicines for ARDS/ALI: Promise and Potential. Inflammation 2022; 45:2124-2141. [PMID: 35641717 PMCID: PMC9154210 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-022-01692-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are characterized by progressive lung impairment typically triggered by inflammatory processes. The mortality toll for ARDS/ALI yet remains high because of the poor prognosis, lack of disease-specific inflammation management therapies, and prolonged hospitalizations. The urgency for the development of new effective therapeutic strategies has become acutely evident for patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) who are highly susceptible to ARDS/ALI. We propose that the lack of target specificity in ARDS/ALI of current treatments is one of the reasons for poor patient outcomes. Unlike traditional therapeutics, nanomedicine offers precise drug targeting to inflamed tissues, the capacity to surmount pulmonary barriers, enhanced interactions with lung epithelium, and the potential to reduce off-target and systemic adverse effects. In this article, we focus on the key cellular drivers of inflammation in ARDS/ALI: macrophages. We propose that as macrophages are involved in the etiology of ARDS/ALI and regulate inflammatory cascades, they are a promising target for new therapeutic development. In this review, we offer a survey of multiple nanomedicines that are currently being investigated with promising macrophage targeting potential and strategies for pulmonary delivery. Specifically, we will focus on nanomedicines that have shown engagement with proinflammatory macrophage targets and have the potential to reduce inflammation and reverse tissue damage in ARDS/ALI.
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37
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Mettelman RC, Allen EK, Thomas PG. Mucosal immune responses to infection and vaccination in the respiratory tract. Immunity 2022; 55:749-780. [PMID: 35545027 PMCID: PMC9087965 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2022.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The lungs are constantly exposed to inhaled debris, allergens, pollutants, commensal or pathogenic microorganisms, and respiratory viruses. As a result, innate and adaptive immune responses in the respiratory tract are tightly regulated and are in continual flux between states of enhanced pathogen clearance, immune-modulation, and tissue repair. New single-cell-sequencing techniques are expanding our knowledge of airway cellular complexity and the nuanced connections between structural and immune cell compartments. Understanding these varied interactions is critical in treatment of human pulmonary disease and infections and in next-generation vaccine design. Here, we review the innate and adaptive immune responses in the lung and airways following infection and vaccination, with particular focus on influenza virus and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has put pulmonary research firmly into the global spotlight, challenging previously held notions of respiratory immunity and helping identify new populations at high risk for respiratory distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert C Mettelman
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - E Kaitlynn Allen
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Paul G Thomas
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.
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Van Deren DA, De S, Xu B, Eschenbacher KM, Zhang S, Capecchi MR. Defining the Hoxb8 cell lineage during murine definitive hematopoiesis. Development 2022; 149:dev200200. [PMID: 35452096 PMCID: PMC9124572 DOI: 10.1242/dev.200200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Previously, we have demonstrated that a subpopulation of microglia, known as Hoxb8 microglia, is derived from the Hoxb8 lineage during the second wave (E8.5) of yolk sac hematopoiesis, whereas canonical non-Hoxb8 microglia arise from the first wave (E7.5). Hoxb8 microglia have an ontogeny distinct from non-Hoxb8 microglia. Dysfunctional Hoxb8 microglia cause the acquisition of chronic anxiety and an obsessive-compulsive spectrum-like behavior, trichotillomania, in mice. The nature and fate of the progenitors generated during E8.5 yolk sac hematopoiesis have been controversial. Herein, we use the Hoxb8 cell lineage reporter to define the ontogeny of hematopoietic cells arising during the definitive waves of hematopoiesis initiated in the E8.5 yolk sac and aorta-gonad-mesonephros (AGM) region. Our murine cell lineage analysis shows that the Hoxb8 cell lineage reporter robustly marks erythromyeloid progenitors, hematopoietic stem cells and their progeny, particularly monocytes. Hoxb8 progenitors and microglia require Myb function, a hallmark transcription factor for definitive hematopoiesis, for propagation and maturation. During adulthood, all immune lineages and, interestingly, resident macrophages in only hematopoietic/lymphoid tissues are derived from Hoxb8 precursors. These results illustrate that the Hoxb8 lineage exclusively mirrors murine definitive hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donn A. Van Deren
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Shrutokirti De
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Ben Xu
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Kayla M. Eschenbacher
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- Interdepartmental Program in Neuroscience, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Shuhua Zhang
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Mario R. Capecchi
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- Interdepartmental Program in Neuroscience, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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39
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Tan ZH, Dharmadhikari S, Liu L, Wolter G, Shontz KM, Reynolds SD, Johnson J, Breuer CK, Chiang T. Tracheal Macrophages During Regeneration and Repair of Long-Segment Airway Defects. Laryngoscope 2022; 132:737-746. [PMID: 34153127 PMCID: PMC8688581 DOI: 10.1002/lary.29698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS Tissue-engineered tracheal grafts (TETGs) offer a potential solution for repair of long-segment airway defects. However, preclinical and clinical TETGs have been associated with chronic inflammation and macrophage infiltration. Macrophages express great phenotypic heterogeneity (generally characterized as classically activated [M1] vs. alternatively activated [M2]) and can influence tracheal repair and regeneration. We quantified and characterized infiltrating host macrophages using mouse microsurgical tracheal replacement models. STUDY DESIGN Translational research, animal model. METHODS We assessed macrophage infiltration and phenotype in animals implanted with syngeneic tracheal grafts, synthetic TETGs, or partially decellularized tracheal scaffolds (DTSs). RESULTS Macrophage infiltration was observed following tracheal replacement with syngeneic trachea. Both M1 and M2 macrophages were present in native trachea and increased during early tracheal repair (P = .014), with an M1/M2 ratio of 0.48 ± 0.15. In contrast, orthotopic implantation of synthetic TETGs resulted in a shift to M1 predominant macrophage phenotype with an increased M1/M2 ratio of 1.35 ± 0.41 by 6 weeks following implant (P = .035). Modulation of the synthetic scaffold with the addition of polyglycolic acid (PGA) resulted in a reduction of M1/M2 ratio due to an increase in M2 macrophages (P = .006). Using systemic macrophage depletion, the M1/M2 ratio reverted to native values in synthetic TETG recipients and was associated with an increase in graft epithelialization. Macrophage ratios seen in DTSs were similar to native values. CONCLUSIONS M1 and M2 macrophages are present during tracheal repair. Poor epithelialization with synthetic TETG is associated with an elevation of the M1/M2 ratio. Macrophage phenotype can be altered with scaffold composition and host-directed systemic therapies. DTSs exhibit M1/M2 ratios similar to those seen in native trachea and syngeneic tracheal replacement. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE NA Laryngoscope, 132:737-746, 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Hong Tan
- Center of Regenerative Medicine, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Sayali Dharmadhikari
- Center of Regenerative Medicine, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Lumei Liu
- Center of Regenerative Medicine, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Gabrielle Wolter
- College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Kimberly M Shontz
- Center of Regenerative Medicine, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Susan D Reynolds
- Center for Perinatal Research, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Christopher K Breuer
- Center of Regenerative Medicine, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Tendy Chiang
- Center of Regenerative Medicine, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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40
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Bain CC, Lucas CD, Rossi AG. Pulmonary macrophages and SARS-Cov2 infection. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 367:1-28. [PMID: 35461655 PMCID: PMC8968207 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2022.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has led to the largest global pandemic in living memory, with between 4.5 and 15M deaths globally from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This has led to an unparalleled global, collaborative effort to understand the pathogenesis of this devastating disease using state-of-the-art technologies. A consistent feature of severe COVID-19 is dysregulation of pulmonary macrophages, cells that under normal physiological conditions play vital roles in maintaining lung homeostasis and immunity. In this article, we will discuss a selection of the pivotal findings examining the role of monocytes and macrophages in SARS-CoV-2 infection and place this in context of recent advances made in understanding the fundamental immunobiology of these cells to try to understand how key homeostatic cells come to be a central pathogenic component of severe COVID-19 and key cells to target for therapeutic gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calum C Bain
- University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh BioQuarter, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh BioQuarter, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
| | - Christopher D Lucas
- University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh BioQuarter, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh BioQuarter, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
| | - Adriano G Rossi
- University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh BioQuarter, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh BioQuarter, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
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41
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Barnes MVC, Openshaw PJM, Thwaites RS. Mucosal Immune Responses to Respiratory Syncytial Virus. Cells 2022; 11:cells11071153. [PMID: 35406717 PMCID: PMC8997753 DOI: 10.3390/cells11071153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite over half a century of research, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-induced bronchiolitis remains a major cause of hospitalisation in infancy, while vaccines and specific therapies still await development. Our understanding of mucosal immune responses to RSV continues to evolve, but recent studies again highlight the role of Type-2 immune responses in RSV disease and hint at the possibility that it dampens Type-1 antiviral immunity. Other immunoregulatory pathways implicated in RSV disease highlight the importance of focussing on localised mucosal responses in the respiratory mucosa, as befits a virus that is essentially confined to the ciliated respiratory epithelium. In this review, we discuss studies of mucosal immune cell infiltration and production of inflammatory mediators in RSV bronchiolitis and relate these studies to observations from peripheral blood. We also discuss the advantages and limitations of studying the nasal mucosa in a disease that is most severe in the lower airway. A fresh focus on studies of RSV pathogenesis in the airway mucosa is set to revolutionise our understanding of this common and important infection.
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42
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Bain CC, MacDonald AS. The impact of the lung environment on macrophage development, activation and function: diversity in the face of adversity. Mucosal Immunol 2022; 15:223-234. [PMID: 35017701 PMCID: PMC8749355 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-021-00480-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The last decade has been somewhat of a renaissance period for the field of macrophage biology. This renewed interest, combined with the advent of new technologies and development of novel model systems to assess different facets of macrophage biology, has led to major advances in our understanding of the diverse roles macrophages play in health, inflammation, infection and repair, and the dominance of tissue environments in influencing all of these areas. Here, we discuss recent developments in our understanding of lung macrophage heterogeneity, ontogeny, metabolism and function in the context of health and disease, and highlight core conceptual advances and key unanswered questions that we believe should be focus of work in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calum C Bain
- The University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh Bioquarter, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK.
| | - Andrew S MacDonald
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9NT, UK.
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43
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Qiao Y, Fu E. [Advances in the Study of Tumor-associated Macrophages in Lung Cancer]. ZHONGGUO FEI AI ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF LUNG CANCER 2022; 25:34-39. [PMID: 35078283 PMCID: PMC8796125 DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2021.102.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
肺癌是全球发病率和死亡率最高的恶性肿瘤之一。因此对于肺癌治疗手段的研究也在不断深入,目前临床上主要有全身化疗、针对驱动基因阳性的靶向治疗、免疫检查点抑制剂的应用、抗肿瘤血管生成治疗以及上述不同治疗方法的联合等,这些方案的使用明显改善了大多数肺癌患者的预后,但晚期患者预后仍然不尽如人意。近年来,与免疫相关的肿瘤微环境(tumor microenvironment, TME)的研究越来越受到重视。TME由免疫细胞、成纤维细胞、血管内皮细胞等细胞成分及相关的细胞因子等组成,是肿瘤细胞赖以生存、发展的基础。而肿瘤相关巨噬细胞(tumor-associated macrophages, TAMs)是TME重要的免疫细胞,指浸润于肿瘤组织中的巨噬细胞,可促进肿瘤细胞增殖,诱导肿瘤免疫耐受,刺激肿瘤血管生成,增加肿瘤细胞的侵袭及转移能力。因此,靶向TAMs已经成为肺癌免疫治疗的热点。本文就TAMs来源、表型及其在肺癌中的作用机制以及在未来治疗中的靶点进行综述,为肺癌最优化治疗提供参考。
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Qiao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University,
Xi'an 710038, China
| | - Enqing Fu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University,
Xi'an 710038, China
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44
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McCormick TS, Hejal RB, Leal LO, Ghannoum MA. GM-CSF: Orchestrating the Pulmonary Response to Infection. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:735443. [PMID: 35111042 PMCID: PMC8803133 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.735443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
This review summarizes the structure and function of the alveolar unit, comprised of alveolar macrophage and epithelial cell types that work in tandem to respond to infection. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) helps to maintain the alveolar epithelium and pulmonary immune system under physiological conditions and plays a critical role in restoring homeostasis under pathologic conditions, including infection. Given the emergence of novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and global spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), with subsequent acute respiratory distress syndrome, understanding basic lung physiology in infectious diseases is especially warranted. This review summarizes clinical and preclinical data for GM-CSF in respiratory infections, and the rationale for sargramostim (yeast-derived recombinant human [rhu] GM-CSF) as adjunctive treatment for COVID-19 and other pulmonary infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas S. McCormick
- Center for Medical Mycology, Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Rana B. Hejal
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Luis O. Leal
- Partner Therapeutics, Lexington, MA, United States
| | - Mahmoud A. Ghannoum
- Center for Medical Mycology, Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States
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45
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Tang XZ, Kreuk LSM, Cho C, Metzger RJ, Allen CDC. Bronchus-associated macrophages efficiently capture and present soluble inhaled antigens and are capable of local Th2 cell activation. eLife 2022; 11:63296. [PMID: 36173678 PMCID: PMC9560158 DOI: 10.7554/elife.63296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In allergic asthma, allergen inhalation leads to local Th2 cell activation and peribronchial inflammation. However, the mechanisms for local antigen capture and presentation remain unclear. By two-photon microscopy of the mouse lung, we established that soluble antigens in the bronchial airway lumen were efficiently captured and presented by a population of CD11c+ interstitial macrophages with high CX3CR1-GFP and MHC class II expression. We refer to these cells as Bronchus-Associated Macrophages (BAMs) based on their localization underneath the bronchial epithelium. BAMs were enriched in collagen-rich regions near some airway branchpoints, where inhaled antigens are likely to deposit. BAMs engaged in extended interactions with effector Th2 cells and promoted Th2 cytokine production. BAMs were also often in contact with dendritic cells (DCs). After exposure to inflammatory stimuli, DCs migrated to draining lymph nodes, whereas BAMs remained lung resident. We propose that BAMs act as local antigen presenting cells in the lung and also transfer antigen to DCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Zi Tang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States,Sandler Asthma Basic Research Center, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States,Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Lieselotte S M Kreuk
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States,Sandler Asthma Basic Research Center, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Cynthia Cho
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States,Sandler Asthma Basic Research Center, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Ross J Metzger
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Christopher D C Allen
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States,Sandler Asthma Basic Research Center, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States,Department of Anatomy, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
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46
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Immunopathogenesis in HIV-associated pediatric tuberculosis. Pediatr Res 2022; 91:21-26. [PMID: 33731810 PMCID: PMC8446109 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-021-01393-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is an increasing global emergency in human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) patients, in which host immunity is dysregulated and compromised. However, the pathogenesis and efficacy of therapeutic strategies in HIV-associated TB in developing infants are essentially lacking. Bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccine, an attenuated live strain of Mycobacterium bovis, is not adequately effective, which confers partial protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) in infants when administered at birth. However, pediatric HIV infection is most devastating in the disease progression of TB. It remains challenging whether early antiretroviral therapy (ART) could maintain immune development and function, and restore Mtb-specific immune function in HIV-associated TB in children. A better understanding of the immunopathogenesis in HIV-associated pediatric Mtb infection is essential to provide more effective interventions, reducing the risk of morbidity and mortality in HIV-associated Mtb infection in infants. IMPACT: Children living with HIV are more likely prone to opportunistic infection, predisposing high risk of TB diseases. HIV and Mtb coinfection in infants may synergistically accelerate disease progression. Early ART may probably induce immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome and TB pathology in HIV/Mtb coinfected infants.
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47
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Tissue-resident immunity in the lung: a first-line defense at the environmental interface. Semin Immunopathol 2022; 44:827-854. [PMID: 36305904 PMCID: PMC9614767 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-022-00964-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The lung is a vital organ that incessantly faces external environmental challenges. Its homeostasis and unimpeded vital function are ensured by the respiratory epithelium working hand in hand with an intricate fine-tuned tissue-resident immune cell network. Lung tissue-resident immune cells span across the innate and adaptive immunity and protect from infectious agents but can also prove to be pathogenic if dysregulated. Here, we review the innate and adaptive immune cell subtypes comprising lung-resident immunity and discuss their ontogeny and role in distinct respiratory diseases. An improved understanding of the role of lung-resident immunity and how its function is dysregulated under pathological conditions can shed light on the pathogenesis of respiratory diseases.
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48
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Shanthikumar S, Neeland MR, Saffery R, Ranganathan SC, Oshlack A, Maksimovic J. DNA Methylation Profiles of Purified Cell Types in Bronchoalveolar Lavage: Applications for Mixed Cell Paediatric Pulmonary Studies. Front Immunol 2021; 12:788705. [PMID: 35003108 PMCID: PMC8727592 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.788705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In epigenome-wide association studies analysing DNA methylation from samples containing multiple cell types, it is essential to adjust the analysis for cell type composition. One well established strategy for achieving this is reference-based cell type deconvolution, which relies on knowledge of the DNA methylation profiles of purified constituent cell types. These are then used to estimate the cell type proportions of each sample, which can then be incorporated to adjust the association analysis. Bronchoalveolar lavage is commonly used to sample the lung in clinical practice and contains a mixture of different cell types that can vary in proportion across samples, affecting the overall methylation profile. A current barrier to the use of bronchoalveolar lavage in DNA methylation-based research is the lack of reference DNA methylation profiles for each of the constituent cell types, thus making reference-based cell composition estimation difficult. Herein, we use bronchoalveolar lavage samples collected from children with cystic fibrosis to define DNA methylation profiles for the four most common and clinically relevant cell types: alveolar macrophages, granulocytes, lymphocytes and alveolar epithelial cells. We then demonstrate the use of these methylation profiles in conjunction with an established reference-based methylation deconvolution method to estimate the cell type composition of two different tissue types; a publicly available dataset derived from artificial blood-based cell mixtures and further bronchoalveolar lavage samples. The reference DNA methylation profiles developed in this work can be used for future reference-based cell type composition estimation of bronchoalveolar lavage. This will facilitate the use of this tissue in studies examining the role of DNA methylation in lung health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivanthan Shanthikumar
- Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Respiratory Diseases, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- *Correspondence: Shivanthan Shanthikumar,
| | - Melanie R. Neeland
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Molecular Immunity, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Richard Saffery
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Molecular Immunity, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Sarath C. Ranganathan
- Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Respiratory Diseases, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Alicia Oshlack
- Computational Biology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- School of BioScience, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Jovana Maksimovic
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Respiratory Diseases, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Computational Biology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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49
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Willis GR, Reis M, Gheinani AH, Fernandez-Gonzalez A, Taglauer ES, Yeung V, Liu X, Ericsson M, Haas E, Mitsialis SA, Kourembanas S. Extracellular Vesicles Protect the Neonatal Lung from Hyperoxic Injury through the Epigenetic and Transcriptomic Reprogramming of Myeloid Cells. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2021; 204:1418-1432. [PMID: 34699335 PMCID: PMC8865710 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202102-0329oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Mesenchymal stem/stromal cell (MSC)-small extracellular vesicle (MEx) treatment has shown promise in experimental models of neonatal lung injury. The molecular mechanisms by which MEx afford beneficial effects remain incompletely understood. Objectives: To investigate the therapeutic mechanism of action through assessment of MEx biodistribution and impact on immune cell phenotypic heterogeneity. Methods: MEx were isolated from the conditioned medium of human umbilical cord Wharton's jelly-derived MSCs. Newborn mice were exposed to hyperoxia (HYRX, 75% O2) from birth and returned to room air at Postnatal Day 14 (PN14). Mice received either a bolus intravenous MEx dose at PN4 or bone marrow-derived myeloid cells (BMDMy) pretreated with MEx. Animals were killed at PN4, PN7, PN14, or PN28 to characterize MEx biodistribution or for assessment of pulmonary parameters. The therapeutic role of MEx-educated BMDMy was determined in vitro and in vivo. Measurements and Main Results: MEx therapy ameliorated core histological features of HYRX-induced neonatal lung injury. Biodistribution and mass cytometry studies demonstrated that MEx localize in the lung and interact with myeloid cells. MEx restored the apportion of alveolar macrophages in the HYRX-injured lung and concomitantly suppressed inflammatory cytokine production. In vitro and ex vivo studies revealed that MEx promoted an immunosuppressive BMDMy phenotype. Functional assays demonstrated that the immunosuppressive actions of BMDMy are driven by phenotypically and epigenetically reprogrammed monocytes. Adoptive transfer of MEx-educated BMDMy, but not naive BMDMy, restored alveolar architecture, blunted fibrosis and pulmonary vascular remodeling, and improved exercise capacity. Conclusions: MEx ameliorate hyperoxia-induced neonatal lung injury though epigenetic and phenotypic reprogramming of myeloid cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gareth R. Willis
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Monica Reis
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ali Hashemi Gheinani
- Department of Urology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Angeles Fernandez-Gonzalez
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Elizabeth S. Taglauer
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Vincent Yeung
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Xianlan Liu
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Maria Ericsson
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Eric Haas
- Mass Cytometry Core, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - S. Alex Mitsialis
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Stella Kourembanas
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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50
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Neupane AS, Kubes P. Imaging reveals novel innate immune responses in lung, liver, and beyond. Immunol Rev 2021; 306:244-257. [PMID: 34816440 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Highly dynamic immune responses are generated toward pathogens or injuries, in vivo. Multiple immune cell types participate in various facets of the response which leads to a concerted effort in the removal and clearance of pathogens or injured tissue and a return to homeostasis. Intravital microscopy (IVM) has been extensively utilized to unravel the dynamics of immune responses, visualizing immune cell behavior in intact living tissues, within a living organism. For instance, the phenomenon of leukocyte recruitment cascade. Importantly, IVM has led to a deep appreciation that immune cell behavior and responses in individual organs are distinct, but also can influence one another. In this review, we discuss how IVM as a tool has been used to study the innate immune responses in various tissues during homeostasis, injury, and infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpan Sharma Neupane
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Calvin, Phoebe, and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Paul Kubes
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Calvin, Phoebe, and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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