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Krishnan V, Wu J, Mazumder AG, Kamen JL, Schirmer C, Adhyapak N, Bass JS, Lee SC, Maheshwari A, Molinaro G, Gibson JR, Huber KM, Minassian BA. Clinicopathologic Dissociation: Robust Lafora Body Accumulation in Malin KO Mice Without Observable Changes in Home-Cage Behavior. J Comp Neurol 2024; 532:e25660. [PMID: 39039998 PMCID: PMC11370821 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Lafora disease (LD) is a syndrome of progressive myoclonic epilepsy and cumulative neurocognitive deterioration caused by recessively inherited genetic lesions of EPM2A (laforin) or NHLRC1 (malin). Neuropsychiatric symptomatology in LD is thought to be directly downstream of neuronal and astrocytic polyglucosan aggregates, termed Lafora bodies (LBs), which faithfully accumulate in an age-dependent manner in all mouse models of LD. In this study, we applied home-cage monitoring to examine the extent of neurobehavioral deterioration in a model of malin-deficient LD as a means to identify robust preclinical endpoints that may guide the selection of novel genetic treatments. At 6 weeks, ∼6-7 months, and ∼12 months of age, malin-deficient mice ("KO") and wild-type (WT) littermates underwent a standardized home-cage behavioral assessment designed to non-obtrusively appraise features of rest/arousal, consumptive behaviors, risk aversion, and voluntary wheel-running. At all timepoints, and over a range of metrics that we report transparently, WT and KO mice were essentially indistinguishable. In contrast, within WT mice compared across the same timepoints, we identified age-related nocturnal hypoactivity, diminished sucrose preference, and reduced wheel-running. Neuropathological examinations in subsets of the same mice revealed expected age-dependent LB accumulation, gliosis, and microglial activation in cortical and subcortical brain regions. At 12 months of age, despite the burden of neocortical LBs, we did not identify spontaneous seizures during an electroencephalographic (EEG) survey, and KO and WT mice exhibited similar spectral EEG features. However, in an in vitro assay of neocortical function, paroxysmal bursts of network activity (UP states) in KO slices were more prolonged at 3 and 6 months of age, but similar to WT at 12 months. KO mice displayed a distinct response to pentylenetetrazole, with a greater incidence of clonic seizures and a more pronounced postictal suppression of movement, feeding, and drinking behavior. Together, these results highlight the clinicopathologic dissociation in a mouse model of LD, where the accrual of LBs may latently modify cortical circuit function and seizure threshold without clinically meaningful changes in home-cage behavior. Our findings allude to a delay between LB accumulation and neurobehavioral decline in LD: one that may provide a window for treatment, and whose precise duration may be difficult to ascertain within the typical lifespan of a laboratory mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaishnav Krishnan
- Department of Neurology, Peter Kellaway Section of Neurophysiology and Epilepsy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Jun Wu
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Arindam Ghosh Mazumder
- Department of Neurology, Peter Kellaway Section of Neurophysiology and Epilepsy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Jessica L. Kamen
- Department of Neurology, Peter Kellaway Section of Neurophysiology and Epilepsy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Catharina Schirmer
- Department of Neurology, Peter Kellaway Section of Neurophysiology and Epilepsy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Nandani Adhyapak
- Department of Neurology, Peter Kellaway Section of Neurophysiology and Epilepsy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - John Samuel Bass
- Department of Neurology, Peter Kellaway Section of Neurophysiology and Epilepsy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Samuel C. Lee
- Department of Neurology, Peter Kellaway Section of Neurophysiology and Epilepsy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Atul Maheshwari
- Department of Neurology, Peter Kellaway Section of Neurophysiology and Epilepsy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Gemma Molinaro
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Jay R. Gibson
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Kimberly M. Huber
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Berge A Minassian
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
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2
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Krishnan V, Wu J, Mazumder AG, Kamen JL, Schirmer C, Adhyapak N, Bass JS, Lee SC, Maheshwari A, Molinaro G, Gibson JR, Huber KM, Minassian BA. Clinicopathologic Dissociation: Robust Lafora Body Accumulation in Malin KO Mice Without Observable Changes in Home-cage Behavior. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.11.557226. [PMID: 37745312 PMCID: PMC10515855 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.11.557226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Lafora Disease (LD) is a syndrome of progressive myoclonic epilepsy and cumulative neurocognitive deterioration caused by recessively inherited genetic lesions of EPM2A (laforin) or NHLRC1 (malin). Neuropsychiatric symptomatology in LD is thought to be directly downstream of neuronal and astrocytic polyglucosan aggregates, termed Lafora bodies (LBs), which faithfully accumulate in an age-dependent manner in all mouse models of LD. In this study, we applied home-cage monitoring to examine the extent of neurobehavioral deterioration in a model of malin-deficient LD, as a means to identify robust preclinical endpoints that may guide the selection of novel genetic treatments. At 6 weeks, ~6-7 months and ~12 months of age, malin deficient mice ("KO") and wild type (WT) littermates underwent a standardized home-cage behavioral assessment designed to non-obtrusively appraise features of rest/arousal, consumptive behaviors, risk aversion and voluntary wheel-running. At all timepoints, and over a range of metrics that we report transparently, WT and KO mice were essentially indistinguishable. In contrast, within WT mice compared across timepoints, we identified age-related nocturnal hypoactivity, diminished sucrose preference and reduced wheel-running. Neuropathological examinations in subsets of the same mice revealed expected age dependent LB accumulation, gliosis and microglial activation in cortical and subcortical brain regions. At 12 months of age, despite the burden of neocortical LBs, we did not identify spontaneous seizures during an electroencephalographic (EEG) survey, and KO and WT mice exhibited similar spectral EEG features. Using an in vitro assay of neocortical function, paroxysmal increases in network activity (UP states) in KO slices were more prolonged at 3 and 6 months of age, but were similar to WT at 12 months. KO mice displayed a distinct response to pentylenetetrazole, with a greater incidence of clonic seizures and a more pronounced post-ictal suppression of movement, feeding and drinking behavior. Together, these results highlight a stark clinicopathologic dissociation in a mouse model of LD, where LBs accrue substantially without clinically meaningful changes in overall wellbeing. Our findings allude to a delay between LB accumulation and neurobehavioral decline: one that may provide a window for treatment, and whose precise duration may be difficult to ascertain within the typical lifespan of a laboratory mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaishnav Krishnan
- Department of Neurology, Peter Kellaway Section of Neurophysiology and Epilepsy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Jun Wu
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Arindam Ghosh Mazumder
- Department of Neurology, Peter Kellaway Section of Neurophysiology and Epilepsy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Jessica L. Kamen
- Department of Neurology, Peter Kellaway Section of Neurophysiology and Epilepsy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Catharina Schirmer
- Department of Neurology, Peter Kellaway Section of Neurophysiology and Epilepsy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Nandani Adhyapak
- Department of Neurology, Peter Kellaway Section of Neurophysiology and Epilepsy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - John Samuel Bass
- Department of Neurology, Peter Kellaway Section of Neurophysiology and Epilepsy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Samuel C. Lee
- Department of Neurology, Peter Kellaway Section of Neurophysiology and Epilepsy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Atul Maheshwari
- Department of Neurology, Peter Kellaway Section of Neurophysiology and Epilepsy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Gemma Molinaro
- Department of Neuroscience University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Jay R. Gibson
- Department of Neuroscience University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Kimberly M. Huber
- Department of Neuroscience University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Berge A Minassian
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
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Bains RS, Forrest H, Sillito RR, Armstrong JD, Stewart M, Nolan PM, Wells SE. Longitudinal home-cage automated assessment of climbing behavior shows sexual dimorphism and aging-related decrease in C57BL/6J healthy mice and allows early detection of motor impairment in the N171-82Q mouse model of Huntington's disease. Front Behav Neurosci 2023; 17:1148172. [PMID: 37035623 PMCID: PMC10073658 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2023.1148172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Monitoring the activity of mice within their home cage is proving to be a powerful tool for revealing subtle and early-onset phenotypes in mouse models. Video-tracking, in particular, lends itself to automated machine-learning technologies that have the potential to improve the manual annotations carried out by humans. This type of recording and analysis is particularly powerful in objective phenotyping, monitoring behaviors with no experimenter intervention. Automated home-cage testing allows the recording of non-evoked voluntary behaviors, which do not require any contact with the animal or exposure to specialist equipment. By avoiding stress deriving from handling, this approach, on the one hand, increases the welfare of experimental animals and, on the other hand, increases the reliability of results excluding confounding effects of stress on behavior. In this study, we show that the monitoring of climbing on the wire cage lid of a standard individually ventilated cage (IVC) yields reproducible data reflecting complex phenotypes of individual mouse inbred strains and of a widely used model of neurodegeneration, the N171-82Q mouse model of Huntington's disease (HD). Measurements in the home-cage environment allowed for the collection of comprehensive motor activity data, which revealed sexual dimorphism, daily biphasic changes, and aging-related decrease in healthy C57BL/6J mice. Furthermore, home-cage recording of climbing allowed early detection of motor impairment in the N171-82Q HD mouse model. Integrating cage-floor activity with cage-lid activity (climbing) has the potential to greatly enhance the characterization of mouse strains, detecting early and subtle signs of disease and increasing reproducibility in preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasneer S. Bains
- Mary Lyon Centre at Medical Research Council, Harwell, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Hamish Forrest
- Mary Lyon Centre at Medical Research Council, Harwell, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | | | - J. Douglas Armstrong
- Actual Analytics Ltd., Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Michelle Stewart
- Mary Lyon Centre at Medical Research Council, Harwell, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick M. Nolan
- Medical Research Council, Harwell Science Campus, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sara E. Wells
- Mary Lyon Centre at Medical Research Council, Harwell, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
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Simultaneous assessment of spontaneous cage activity and voluntary wheel running in group-housed mice. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4444. [PMID: 35292692 PMCID: PMC8924253 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08349-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Small animal models are frequently used to improve our understanding of the molecular and biological signaling pathways underlying the beneficial effects of physical activity and exercise. Unfortunately, when running wheels are employed, mice and rats are often kept single-housed to determine the individual running distance of each animal. However, social isolation can be stressful for rodents, and may alter an individual’s propensity for or response to exercise. For example, increased stress from single housing may significantly affect the results when investigating systemic metabolic responses to exercise. We have combined two already available and well-established systems, a radiotelemetry system and a running wheel, to determine spontaneous cage activity (SCA) as well as voluntary exercise (VE) levels of the individual animal in group-housed rodents. Further, we developed a simple software tool which allows monitoring and analyzing the data. Specifically, the radiotelemetry-system utilizes radio-frequency identification via a small, implanted chip to determine the location of each animal. Since, in addition to the animals’ position, also the location of the running wheel in the cage is known, the conclusion of which animal is exercising can be drawn. The developed software enables a fast and reliable assignment of the VE data to the individual animal and a simple analysis of the data collected. Hence, our combined method may be used to investigate the beneficial effects of physical activity, as well as the impact of therapeutic interventions on animal behavior in group-housed rodents.
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Lana-Elola E, Cater H, Watson-Scales S, Greenaway S, Müller-Winkler J, Gibbins D, Nemes M, Slender A, Hough T, Keskivali-Bond P, Scudamore CL, Herbert E, Banks GT, Mobbs H, Canonica T, Tosh J, Noy S, Llorian M, Nolan PM, Griffin JL, Good M, Simon M, Mallon AM, Wells S, Fisher EMC, Tybulewicz VLJ. Comprehensive phenotypic analysis of the Dp1Tyb mouse strain reveals a broad range of Down syndrome-related phenotypes. Dis Model Mech 2021; 14:dmm049157. [PMID: 34477842 PMCID: PMC8543064 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS), trisomy 21, results in many complex phenotypes including cognitive deficits, heart defects and craniofacial alterations. Phenotypes arise from an extra copy of human chromosome 21 (Hsa21) genes. However, these dosage-sensitive causative genes remain unknown. Animal models enable identification of genes and pathological mechanisms. The Dp1Tyb mouse model of DS has an extra copy of 63% of Hsa21-orthologous mouse genes. In order to establish whether this model recapitulates DS phenotypes, we comprehensively phenotyped Dp1Tyb mice using 28 tests of different physiological systems and found that 468 out of 1800 parameters were significantly altered. We show that Dp1Tyb mice have wide-ranging DS-like phenotypes, including aberrant erythropoiesis and megakaryopoiesis, reduced bone density, craniofacial changes, altered cardiac function, a pre-diabetic state, and deficits in memory, locomotion, hearing and sleep. Thus, Dp1Tyb mice are an excellent model for investigating complex DS phenotype-genotype relationships for this common disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Heather Cater
- MRC Harwell Institute, Harwell Campus, Didcot, OX11 0RD, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Amy Slender
- The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Tertius Hough
- MRC Harwell Institute, Harwell Campus, Didcot, OX11 0RD, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Helene Mobbs
- Department of Biochemistry and Cambridge Systems Biology Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QW, UK
| | - Tara Canonica
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Justin Tosh
- The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
- UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Suzanna Noy
- UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | | | | | - Julian L. Griffin
- Department of Biochemistry and Cambridge Systems Biology Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QW, UK
- Imperial College Dementia Research Institute, Imperial College London, London W12 7TA, UK
| | - Mark Good
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Michelle Simon
- MRC Harwell Institute, Harwell Campus, Didcot, OX11 0RD, UK
| | | | - Sara Wells
- MRC Harwell Institute, Harwell Campus, Didcot, OX11 0RD, UK
| | | | - Victor L. J. Tybulewicz
- The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
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Aluganti Narasimhulu C, Singla DK. Amelioration of diabetes-induced inflammation mediated pyroptosis, sarcopenia, and adverse muscle remodelling by bone morphogenetic protein-7. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2021; 12:403-420. [PMID: 33463042 PMCID: PMC8061343 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic myopathy involves hyperglycaemia and inflammation that causes skeletal muscle dysfunction; however, the potential cellular mechanisms that occur between hyperglycaemia and inflammation, which induces sarcopenia, and muscle dysfunction remain unknown. In this study, we investigated hyperglycaemia-induced inflammation mediating high-mobility group box 1 activation, which is involved in a novel form of cell death, pyroptosis, diabetic sarcopenia, atrophy, and adverse muscle remodelling. Furthermore, we investigated the therapeutic potential of bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP-7), an osteoporosis drug, to treat pyroptosis, and diabetic muscle myopathy. METHODS C57BL6 mice were treated with saline (control), streptozotocin (STZ), or STZ + BMP-7 to generate diabetic muscle myopathy. Diabetes was established by determining the increased levels of glucose. Then, muscle function was examined, and animals were sacrificed. Gastrocnemius muscle or blood samples were analysed for inflammation, pyroptosis, weight loss, muscle atrophy, and adverse structural remodelling of gastrocnemius muscle using histology, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immunohistochemistry, western blotting, and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS A significant (P < 0.05) increase in hyperglycaemia leads to an increase in inflammasome (high-mobility group box 1, toll-like receptor-4, and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain, leucine-rich repeat and pyrin domain containing protein 3) formation in diabetic muscle cells. Further analysis showed an up-regulation of the downstream pyroptotic pathway with significant (P < 0.05) number of positive muscle cells expressing pyroptosis-specific markers [caspase-1, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-18, and gasdermin-D]. Pyroptotic cell death is involved in further increasing inflammation by releasing pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6. Structural analysis showed the loss of muscle weight, decreased myofibrillar area, and increased fibrosis leading to muscle dysfunction. Consistent with this finding, BMP-7 attenuated hyperglycaemia (~50%), pyroptosis, inflammation, and diabetic adverse structural modifications as well as improved muscle function. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, we report for the first time that increased hyperglycaemia and inflammation involve cellular pyroptosis that induces significant muscle cell loss and adverse remodelling in diabetic myopathy. We also report that targeting pyroptosis with BMP-7 improves diabetic muscle pathophysiology and muscle function. These findings suggest that BMP-7 could be a potential therapeutic option to treat diabetic myopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrakala Aluganti Narasimhulu
- Division of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Sciences, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Dinender K Singla
- Division of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Sciences, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
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Comprehensive characterization of motor and coordination functions in three adolescent wild-type mouse strains. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6497. [PMID: 33753800 PMCID: PMC7985312 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85858-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropsychiatric disorders are often associated with motor and coordination abnormalities that have important implications on the etiology, pathophysiology, and management of these disorders. Although the onset of many neuropsychiatric disorders including autism spectrum disorder, schizophrenia, and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder emerges mainly during infancy and adolescence, most of the behavioral studies in mice modeling neuropsychiatric phenotypes are performed in adult animals, possibly missing valuable phenotypic information related to the effect of synaptic maturation during development. Here, we examined which behavioral tests assessing both motor and coordination functions can be performed in mice at two different adolescent stages. As strain and sex affect mouse behavior, our experiments covered both male and female mice of three inbred wild-type strains, C57BL/6N, DBA/2, and FVB/N. Adolescent mice of both postnatal days (P)22-30 and P32-40 developmental stages were capable of mastering common motor and coordination tests. However, results differed significantly between strains and sexes. Moreover, the 10-day interval between the two tested cohorts uncovered a strong difference in the behavioral results, confirming the significant impact of maturation on behavioral patterns. Interestingly, the results of distinct behavioral experiments were directly correlated with the weight of mice, which may explain the lack of reproducibility of some behavioral results in genetically-modified mice. Our study paves the way for better reproducibility of behavioral tests by addressing the effect of the developmental stage, strain, sex, and weight of mice on achieving the face validity of neuropsychiatric disorder-associated motor dysfunctions.
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Moore TM, Zhou Z, Strumwasser AR, Cohn W, Lin AJ, Cory K, Whitney K, Ho T, Ho T, Lee JL, Rucker DH, Hoang AN, Widjaja K, Abrishami AD, Charugundla S, Stiles L, Whitelegge JP, Turcotte LP, Wanagat J, Hevener AL. Age-induced mitochondrial DNA point mutations are inadequate to alter metabolic homeostasis in response to nutrient challenge. Aging Cell 2020; 19:e13166. [PMID: 33049094 PMCID: PMC7681042 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is frequently associated with impairment in metabolic homeostasis and insulin action, and is thought to underlie cellular aging. However, it is unclear whether mitochondrial dysfunction is a cause or consequence of insulin resistance in humans. To determine the impact of intrinsic mitochondrial dysfunction on metabolism and insulin action, we performed comprehensive metabolic phenotyping of the polymerase gamma (PolG) D257A "mutator" mouse, a model known to accumulate supraphysiological mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) point mutations. We utilized the heterozygous PolG mutator mouse (PolG+/mut ) because it accumulates mtDNA point mutations ~ 500-fold > wild-type mice (WT), but fails to develop an overt progeria phenotype, unlike PolGmut/mut animals. To determine whether mtDNA point mutations induce metabolic dysfunction, we examined male PolG+/mut mice at 6 and 12 months of age during normal chow feeding, after 24-hr starvation, and following high-fat diet (HFD) feeding. No marked differences were observed in glucose homeostasis, adiposity, protein/gene markers of metabolism, or oxygen consumption in muscle between WT and PolG+/mut mice during any of the conditions or ages studied. However, proteomic analyses performed on isolated mitochondria from 12-month-old PolG+/mut mouse muscle revealed alterations in the expression of mitochondrial ribosomal proteins, electron transport chain components, and oxidative stress-related factors compared with WT. These findings suggest that mtDNA point mutations at levels observed in mammalian aging are insufficient to disrupt metabolic homeostasis and insulin action in male mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy M. Moore
- Department of Biological SciencesDana & David Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and SciencesUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and HypertensionDepartment of MedicineDavid Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Zhenqi Zhou
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and HypertensionDepartment of MedicineDavid Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Alexander R. Strumwasser
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and HypertensionDepartment of MedicineDavid Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Whitaker Cohn
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences & The Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human BehaviorUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Amanda J. Lin
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and HypertensionDepartment of MedicineDavid Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Kevin Cory
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and HypertensionDepartment of MedicineDavid Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Kate Whitney
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and HypertensionDepartment of MedicineDavid Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Theodore Ho
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and HypertensionDepartment of MedicineDavid Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Timothy Ho
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and HypertensionDepartment of MedicineDavid Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Joseph L. Lee
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and HypertensionDepartment of MedicineDavid Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Daniel H. Rucker
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and HypertensionDepartment of MedicineDavid Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Austin N. Hoang
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and HypertensionDepartment of MedicineDavid Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Kevin Widjaja
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and HypertensionDepartment of MedicineDavid Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Aaron D. Abrishami
- Division of CardiologyDepartment of MedicineDavid Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Sarada Charugundla
- Division of CardiologyDepartment of MedicineDavid Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Linsey Stiles
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and HypertensionDepartment of MedicineDavid Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Julian P. Whitelegge
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences & The Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human BehaviorUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Lorraine P. Turcotte
- Department of Biological SciencesDana & David Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and SciencesUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Jonathan Wanagat
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and HypertensionDepartment of MedicineDavid Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Andrea L. Hevener
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and HypertensionDepartment of MedicineDavid Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
- Iris Cantor‐UCLA Women's Health CenterUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
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9
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Mallmann RT, Klugbauer N. Genetic Inactivation of Two-Pore Channel 1 Impairs Spatial Learning and Memory. Behav Genet 2020; 50:401-410. [PMID: 32889694 PMCID: PMC7581579 DOI: 10.1007/s10519-020-10011-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Two-pore channels (TPCs) constitute a small family of cation channels that are localized in membranes of endosomal and lysosomal compartments. Although their roles for vesicular fusion and endolysosomal trafficking have been investigated, our knowledge on their expression pattern and higher order functions in the murine brain is still limited. Western blot analysis indicated a broad expression of TPC1 in the neocortex, cerebellum and hippocampus. In order to investigate the consequences of the genetic inactivation of TPC1, we performed a set of behavioural studies with TPC1−/− mice. TPC1−/− mice were analysed for an altered motor coordination and grip-strength, exploratory drive and anxiety as well as learning and memory. TPC1−/− mice did not show any differences in their exploratory drive or in their anxiety levels. There were also no differences in spontaneous activity or motor performance. However, the Morris water maze test uncovered a deficit in spatial learning and memory in TPC1−/− mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Theodor Mallmann
- Institut für Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Norbert Klugbauer
- Institut für Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Freiburg, Germany. .,Institut für Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Universität Freiburg, Albertstr. 25, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.
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10
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Hobson L, Bains RS, Greenaway S, Wells S, Nolan PM. Phenotyping in Mice Using Continuous Home Cage Monitoring and Ultrasonic Vocalization Recordings. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 10:e80. [PMID: 32813317 DOI: 10.1002/cpmo.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Over the last century, the study of mouse behavior has uncovered insights into brain molecular mechanisms while revealing potential causes of many neurological disorders. To this end, researchers have widely exploited the use of mutant strains, including those generated in mutagenesis screens and those produced using increasingly sophisticated genome engineering technologies. It is now relatively easy to access mouse models carrying alleles that faithfully recapitulate changes found in human patients or bearing variants of genes that provide data on those genes' functions. Concurrent with these developments has been an appreciation of the limitations of some current testing platforms, especially those monitoring complex behaviors. Out-of-cage observational testing is useful in describing overt persistent phenotypes but risks missing sporadic or intermittent events. Furthermore, measuring the progression of a phenotype, potentially over many months, can be difficult while relying on assays that may be susceptible to changes in the testing environment. In recent years, there has also been increasing awareness that measurement of behaviors in isolation can be limiting, given that mice attempt to hide behavioral cues of vulnerability. To overcome these limitations, laboratory animal science is capitalizing on progress in data capture and processing expertise. Moreover, as additional recording modes become commonplace, ultrasonic vocalization recording is an appealing focus, as mice use vocalizations in various social contexts. Using video and audio technologies, we record the voluntary, unprovoked behaviors and vocalizations of mice in social groups. Adoption of these approaches is undoubtedly set to increase, as they capture the round-the-clock behavior of mouse strains. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Continuous recording of home cage activity using the Home Cage Analyzer (HCA) system Support Protocol: Subcutaneous insertion of a radio frequency identification microchip in the inguinal area Basic Protocol 2: Continuous recording of mouse ultrasonic vocalizations in the home cage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liane Hobson
- Medical Research Council Harwell Institute, Harwell, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Rasneer S Bains
- Medical Research Council Harwell Institute, Harwell, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Greenaway
- Medical Research Council Harwell Institute, Harwell, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Sara Wells
- Medical Research Council Harwell Institute, Harwell, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick M Nolan
- Medical Research Council Harwell Institute, Harwell, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
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11
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Moore TM, Lin AJ, Strumwasser AR, Cory K, Whitney K, Ho T, Ho T, Lee JL, Rucker DH, Nguyen CQ, Yackly A, Mahata SK, Wanagat J, Stiles L, Turcotte LP, Crosbie RH, Zhou Z. Mitochondrial Dysfunction Is an Early Consequence of Partial or Complete Dystrophin Loss in mdx Mice. Front Physiol 2020; 11:690. [PMID: 32636760 PMCID: PMC7317021 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is characterized by rapid wasting of skeletal muscle. Mitochondrial dysfunction is a well-known pathological feature of DMD. However, whether mitochondrial dysfunction occurs before muscle fiber damage in DMD pathology is not well known. Furthermore, the impact upon heterozygous female mdx carriers (mdx/+), who display dystrophin mosaicism, has received little attention. We hypothesized that dystrophin deletion leads to mitochondrial dysfunction, and that this may occur before myofiber necrosis. As a secondary complication to mitochondrial dysfunction, we also hypothesized metabolic abnormalities prior to the onset of muscle damage. In this study, we detected aberrant mitochondrial morphology, reduced cristae number, and large mitochondrial vacuoles from both male and female mdx mice prior to the onset of muscle damage. Furthermore, we systematically characterized mitochondria during disease progression starting before the onset of muscle damage, noting additional changes in mitochondrial DNA copy number and regulators of mitochondrial size. We further detected mild metabolic and mitochondrial impairments in female mdx carrier mice that were exacerbated with high-fat diet feeding. Lastly, inhibition of the strong autophagic program observed in adolescent mdx male mice via administration of the autophagy inhibitor leupeptin did not improve skeletal muscle pathology. These results are in line with previous data and suggest that before the onset of myofiber necrosis, mitochondrial and metabolic abnormalities are present within the mdx mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy M. Moore
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dana & David Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Amanda J. Lin
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Alexander R. Strumwasser
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Kevin Cory
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Kate Whitney
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Theodore Ho
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Timothy Ho
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Joseph L. Lee
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Daniel H. Rucker
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Christina Q. Nguyen
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Aidan Yackly
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Sushil K. Mahata
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Jonathan Wanagat
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Linsey Stiles
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Lorraine P. Turcotte
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dana & David Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Rachelle H. Crosbie
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Zhenqi Zhou
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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12
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Guzman KM, Brink LE, Rodriguez-Bey G, Bodnar RJ, Kuang L, Xing B, Sullivan M, Park HJ, Koppes E, Zhu H, Padiath Q, Cambi F. Conditional depletion of Fus in oligodendrocytes leads to motor hyperactivity and increased myelin deposition associated with Akt and cholesterol activation. Glia 2020; 68:2040-2056. [PMID: 32187401 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Fused in sarcoma (FUS) is a predominantly nuclear multifunctional RNA/DNA-binding protein that regulates multiple aspects of gene expression. FUS mutations are associated with familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (fALS) and frontotemporal lobe degeneration (FTLD) in humans. At the molecular level, the mutated FUS protein is reduced in the nucleus but accumulates in cytoplasmic granules. Oligodendrocytes (OL) carrying clinically relevant FUS mutations contribute to non-cell autonomous motor neuron disease progression, consistent with an extrinsic mechanism of disease mediated by OL. Knocking out FUS globally or in neurons lead to behavioral abnormalities that are similar to those present in FTLD. In this study, we sought to investigate whether an extrinsic mechanism mediated by loss of FUS function in OL contributes to the behavioral phenotype. We have generated a novel conditional knockout (cKO) in which Fus is selectively depleted in OL (FusOL cKO). The FusOL cKO mice show increased novelty-induced motor activity and enhanced exploratory behavior, which are reminiscent of some manifestations of FTLD. The phenotypes are associated with greater myelin thickness, higher number of myelinated small diameter axons without an increase in the number of mature OL. The expression of the rate-limiting enzyme of cholesterol biosynthesis (HMGCR) is increased in white matter tracts of the FusOL cKO and results in higher cholesterol content. In addition, phosphorylation of Akt, an important regulator of myelination is increased in the FusOL cKO. Collectively, this work has uncovered a novel role of oligodendrocytic Fus in regulating myelin deposition through activation of Akt and cholesterol biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly M Guzman
- Research Department, Veterans Administration Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lauren E Brink
- Research Department, Veterans Administration Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Guillermo Rodriguez-Bey
- Department of Human Genetics Graduate, School of Public Health University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Richard J Bodnar
- Research Department, Veterans Administration Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lisha Kuang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Bin Xing
- GE Healthcare, Waukesha, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Mara Sullivan
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Biologic Imaging, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Hyun J Park
- Department of Human Genetics, Biostatistics and Biomedical Informatics, School of Public Health University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Erik Koppes
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital, UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Haining Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Quasar Padiath
- Department of Human Genetics Graduate, School of Public Health University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Franca Cambi
- Research Department, Veterans Administration Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Neurology/PIND, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
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13
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Grajales-Reyes JG, García-González A, María-Ríos JC, Grajales-Reyes GE, Delgado-Vélez M, Báez-Pagán CA, Quesada O, Gómez CM, Lasalde-Dominicci JA. A Panel of Slow-Channel Syndrome Mice Reveals a Unique Locomotor Behavioral Signature. J Neuromuscul Dis 2019; 4:341-347. [PMID: 29036836 DOI: 10.3233/jnd-170226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Muscle nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) mutations can lead to altered channel kinetics and neuromuscular junction degeneration, a neurodegenerative disorder collectively known as slow-channel syndrome (SCS). A multivariate analysis using running wheels was used to generate activity profiles for a variety of SCS models, uncovering unique locomotor patterns for the different nAChR mutants. Particularly, the αL251T and ɛL269F mutations exhibit decreased event distance, duration, and velocity over a period of 24 hours. Our approach suggests a robust relationship between the pathophysiology of SCS and locomotor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- José G Grajales-Reyes
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, San Juan, PR, USA
| | | | - José C María-Ríos
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, San Juan, PR, USA
| | - Gary E Grajales-Reyes
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, San Juan, PR, USA
| | - Manuel Delgado-Vélez
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, San Juan, PR, USA
| | - Carlos A Báez-Pagán
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, San Juan, PR, USA
| | - Orestes Quesada
- Department of Physical Sciences, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, San Juan, PR, USA
| | | | - José A Lasalde-Dominicci
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, San Juan, PR, USA.,Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, San Juan, PR, USA
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14
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Moore TM, Zhou Z, Cohn W, Norheim F, Lin AJ, Kalajian N, Strumwasser AR, Cory K, Whitney K, Ho T, Ho T, Lee JL, Rucker DH, Shirihai O, van der Bliek AM, Whitelegge JP, Seldin MM, Lusis AJ, Lee S, Drevon CA, Mahata SK, Turcotte LP, Hevener AL. The impact of exercise on mitochondrial dynamics and the role of Drp1 in exercise performance and training adaptations in skeletal muscle. Mol Metab 2019; 21:51-67. [PMID: 30591411 PMCID: PMC6407367 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2018.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mitochondria are organelles primarily responsible for energy production, and recent evidence indicates that alterations in size, shape, location, and quantity occur in response to fluctuations in energy supply and demand. We tested the impact of acute and chronic exercise on mitochondrial dynamics signaling and determined the impact of the mitochondrial fission regulator Dynamin related protein (Drp)1 on exercise performance and muscle adaptations to training. METHODS Wildtype and muscle-specific Drp1 heterozygote (mDrp1+/-) mice, as well as dysglycemic (DG) and healthy normoglycemic men (control) performed acute and chronic exercise. The Hybrid Mouse Diversity Panel, including 100 murine strains of recombinant inbred mice, was used to identify muscle Dnm1L (encodes Drp1)-gene relationships. RESULTS Endurance exercise impacted all aspects of the mitochondrial life cycle, i.e. fission-fusion, biogenesis, and mitophagy. Dnm1L gene expression and Drp1Ser616 phosphorylation were markedly increased by acute exercise and declined to baseline during post-exercise recovery. Dnm1L expression was strongly associated with transcripts known to regulate mitochondrial metabolism and adaptations to exercise. Exercise increased the expression of DNM1L in skeletal muscle of healthy control and DG subjects, despite a 15% ↓(P = 0.01) in muscle DNM1L expression in DG at baseline. To interrogate the role of Dnm1L further, we exercise trained male mDrp1+/- mice and found that Drp1 deficiency reduced muscle endurance and running performance, and altered muscle adaptations in response to exercise training. CONCLUSION Our findings highlight the importance of mitochondrial dynamics, specifically Drp1 signaling, in the regulation of exercise performance and adaptations to endurance exercise training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy M Moore
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dana & David Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, University of Southern California, CA 90089-0372, USA; David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Zhenqi Zhou
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Whitaker Cohn
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, The Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Frode Norheim
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Amanda J Lin
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Nareg Kalajian
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Alexander R Strumwasser
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Kevin Cory
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Kate Whitney
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Theodore Ho
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Timothy Ho
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Joseph L Lee
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Daniel H Rucker
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Orian Shirihai
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Alexander M van der Bliek
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Julian P Whitelegge
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, The Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Marcus M Seldin
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Aldons J Lusis
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; David Geffen School of Medicine, Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Sindre Lee
- University Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Christian A Drevon
- University Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sushil K Mahata
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Lorraine P Turcotte
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dana & David Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, University of Southern California, CA 90089-0372, USA
| | - Andrea L Hevener
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Iris Cantor-UCLA Women's Health Research Center, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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15
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Stewart M, Lau P, Banks G, Bains RS, Castroflorio E, Oliver PL, Dixon CL, Kruer MC, Kullmann DM, Acevedo-Arozena A, Wells SE, Corrochano S, Nolan PM. Loss of Frrs1l disrupts synaptic AMPA receptor function, and results in neurodevelopmental, motor, cognitive and electrographical abnormalities. Dis Model Mech 2019; 12:dmm.036806. [PMID: 30692144 PMCID: PMC6398485 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.036806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Loss-of-function mutations in a human AMPA receptor-associated protein, ferric chelate reductase 1-like (FRRS1L), are associated with a devastating neurological condition incorporating choreoathetosis, cognitive deficits and epileptic encephalopathies. Furthermore, evidence from overexpression and ex vivo studies has implicated FRRS1L in AMPA receptor biogenesis, suggesting that changes in glutamatergic signalling might underlie the disorder. Here, we investigated the neurological and neurobehavioural correlates of the disorder using a mouse Frrs1l null mutant. The study revealed several neurological defects that mirrored those seen in human patients. We established that mice lacking Frrs1l suffered from a broad spectrum of early-onset motor deficits with no progressive, age-related deterioration. Moreover, Frrs1l−/− mice were hyperactive, irrespective of test environment, exhibited working memory deficits and displayed significant sleep fragmentation. Longitudinal electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings also revealed abnormal EEG results in Frrs1l−/− mice. Parallel investigations into disease aetiology identified a specific deficiency in AMPA receptor levels in the brain of Frrs1l−/− mice, while the general levels of several other synaptic components remained unchanged, with no obvious alterations in the number of synapses. Furthermore, we established that Frrsl1 deletion results in an increased proportion of immature AMPA receptors, indicated by incomplete glycosylation of GLUA2 (also known as GRIA2) and GLUA4 (also known as GRIA4) AMPA receptor proteins. This incomplete maturation leads to cytoplasmic retention and a reduction of those specific AMPA receptor levels in the postsynaptic membrane. Overall, this study determines, for the first time in vivo, how loss of FRRS1L function can affect glutamatergic signalling, and provides mechanistic insight into the development and progression of a human hyperkinetic disorder. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper. Summary: Loss of the epilepsy-related gene Frrs1l in mice causes a dramatic reduction in AMPA receptor levels at the synapse, eliciting severe motor and coordination disabilities, hyperactivity and cognitive defects, with some evidence of behavioural seizures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Petrina Lau
- MRC Harwell Institute, Harwell Campus, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Gareth Banks
- MRC Harwell Institute, Harwell Campus, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, UK
| | | | | | - Peter L Oliver
- MRC Harwell Institute, Harwell Campus, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Christine L Dixon
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Michael C Kruer
- Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA
| | - Dimitri M Kullmann
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Abraham Acevedo-Arozena
- Unidad de Investigación Hospital Universitario de Canarias, La Laguna 38320, Spain.,ITB, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna 38320, Spain.,Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), La Laguna 38320, Spain
| | - Sara E Wells
- MRC Harwell Institute, Harwell Campus, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, UK
| | | | - Patrick M Nolan
- MRC Harwell Institute, Harwell Campus, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, UK
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16
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Garbugino L, Golini E, Giuliani A, Mandillo S. Prolonged Voluntary Running Negatively Affects Survival and Disease Prognosis of Male SOD1G93A Low-Copy Transgenic Mice. Front Behav Neurosci 2018; 12:275. [PMID: 30483078 PMCID: PMC6243076 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a disease in which physical activity plays a controversial role. Epidemiological studies indicate an association between intense exercise and risk of developing ALS. To study the impact of physical activity on ALS, mouse models rely mostly on forced exercise. In this study we hypothesized that voluntary wheel running could represent a better model of the influence of exercise in the pathogenesis of ALS. We used an automated home-cage running-wheel system that enables individual monitoring of performance. To verify the effect of voluntary running on disease progression, prognosis and survival as well as motor functions, we challenged SOD1G93A low-copy male and female mice on one (1 RW, at age 24 weeks) or multiple (3 RW) running sessions at age 13, 18, and 24 weeks. In parallel we measured performance on Rotarod and Grip strength tests at different ages. Several parameters were analyzed through Principal Component Analysis in order to detect what indices correlate and may be useful for deeper understanding of the relation between exercise and disease development. We found mutant male mice more negatively affected than females by prolonged and repeated exercise. SOD1G93A low-copy male mice showed shorter survival, increased body weight loss and poorer disease prognosis when exposed to multiple running sessions. These findings could encourage the investigation of the pathogenetic mechanisms underlying the supposedly increased risk to develop ALS in humans engaged in specific and intense exercise activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Garbugino
- Istituto di Biologia Cellulare e Neurobiologia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Golini
- Istituto di Biologia Cellulare e Neurobiologia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Giuliani
- Environment and Health Department, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Mandillo
- Istituto di Biologia Cellulare e Neurobiologia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome, Italy
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17
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Häger C, Keubler LM, Talbot SR, Biernot S, Weegh N, Buchheister S, Buettner M, Glage S, Bleich A. Running in the wheel: Defining individual severity levels in mice. PLoS Biol 2018; 16:e2006159. [PMID: 30335759 PMCID: PMC6193607 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2006159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The fine-scale grading of the severity experienced by animals used in research constitutes a key element of the 3Rs (replace, reduce, and refine) principles and a legal requirement in the European Union Directive 2010/63/EU. Particularly, the exact assessment of all signs of pain, suffering, and distress experienced by laboratory animals represents a prerequisite to develop refinement strategies. However, minimal and noninvasive methods for an evidence-based severity assessment are scarce. Therefore, we investigated whether voluntary wheel running (VWR) provides an observer-independent behaviour-centred approach to grade severity experienced by C57BL/6J mice undergoing various treatments. In a mouse model of chemically induced acute colitis, VWR behaviour was directly related to colitis severity, whereas clinical scoring did not sensitively reflect severity but rather indicated marginal signs of compromised welfare. Unsupervised k-means algorithm–based cluster analysis of body weight and VWR data enabled the discrimination of cluster borders and distinct levels of severity. The validity of the cluster analysis was affirmed in a mouse model of acute restraint stress. This method was also applicable to uncover and grade the impact of serial blood sampling on the animal’s welfare, underlined by increased histological scores in the colitis model. To reflect the entirety of severity in a multidimensional model, the presented approach may have to be calibrated and validated in other animal models requiring the integration of further parameters. In this experimental set up, however, the automated assessment of an emotional/motivational driven behaviour and subsequent integration of the data into a mathematical model enabled unbiased individual severity grading in laboratory mice, thereby providing an essential contribution to the 3Rs principles. Animal-based biomedical research is often accompanied by experience of discomfort or pain by the animal. Recognition of disturbed animal welfare is mandatory, and the classification and assessment of its severity is a crucial part of the legislative framework in the European Union (EU). In the present study, we analysed voluntary wheel running (VWR) behaviour as a measure of compromised welfare in a mouse colitis model. Unsupervised mathematical clustering of clinical and VWR data enabled us to allocate and classify severity levels. This cluster model was verified using VWR data from a restraint stress model and allowed us to uncover the impact of routine experimental procedures on these mice. We propose that clustering of VWR behaviour provides a useful method for assessing the severity level of experimental procedures conducted on mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Häger
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Lydia M. Keubler
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Steven R. Talbot
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Svenja Biernot
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Nora Weegh
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Manuela Buettner
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Silke Glage
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - André Bleich
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- * E-mail:
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18
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Sukoff Rizzo SJ, Anderson LC, Green TL, McGarr T, Wells G, Winter SS. Assessing Healthspan and Lifespan Measures in Aging Mice: Optimization of Testing Protocols, Replicability, and Rater Reliability. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 8:e45. [DOI: 10.1002/cpmo.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stacey J. Sukoff Rizzo
- Mouse Neurobehavioral Phenotyping Facility, Center for Biometric Analysis, The Jackson Laboratory; Bar Harbor Maine
| | - Laura C. Anderson
- Mouse Neurobehavioral Phenotyping Facility, Center for Biometric Analysis, The Jackson Laboratory; Bar Harbor Maine
| | - Torrian L. Green
- Mouse Neurobehavioral Phenotyping Facility, Center for Biometric Analysis, The Jackson Laboratory; Bar Harbor Maine
| | - Tracy McGarr
- Mouse Neurobehavioral Phenotyping Facility, Center for Biometric Analysis, The Jackson Laboratory; Bar Harbor Maine
| | - Gaylynn Wells
- Mouse Neurobehavioral Phenotyping Facility, Center for Biometric Analysis, The Jackson Laboratory; Bar Harbor Maine
| | - Shawn S. Winter
- Mouse Neurobehavioral Phenotyping Facility, Center for Biometric Analysis, The Jackson Laboratory; Bar Harbor Maine
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19
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Bains RS, Wells S, Sillito RR, Armstrong JD, Cater HL, Banks G, Nolan PM. Assessing mouse behaviour throughout the light/dark cycle using automated in-cage analysis tools. J Neurosci Methods 2017; 300:37-47. [PMID: 28456660 PMCID: PMC5909039 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2017.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Automated assessment of mouse home-cage behaviour is robust and reliable. Analysis over multiple light/dark cycles improves ability to classify behaviours. Combined RFID and video analysis enables home-cage analysis in group housed animals.
An important factor in reducing variability in mouse test outcomes has been to develop assays that can be used for continuous automated home cage assessment. Our experience has shown that this has been most evidenced in long-term assessment of wheel-running activity in mice. Historically, wheel-running in mice and other rodents have been used as a robust assay to determine, with precision, the inherent period of circadian rhythms in mice. Furthermore, this assay has been instrumental in dissecting the molecular genetic basis of mammalian circadian rhythms. In teasing out the elements of this test that have determined its robustness – automated assessment of an unforced behaviour in the home cage over long time intervals – we and others have been investigating whether similar test apparatus could be used to accurately discriminate differences in distinct behavioural parameters in mice. Firstly, using these systems, we explored behaviours in a number of mouse inbred strains to determine whether we could extract biologically meaningful differences. Secondly, we tested a number of relevant mutant lines to determine how discriminative these parameters were. Our findings show that, when compared to conventional out-of-cage phenotyping, a far deeper understanding of mouse mutant phenotype can be established by monitoring behaviour in the home cage over one or more light:dark cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasneer S Bains
- Mary Lyon Centre, MRC Harwell Institute, Harwell Science Campus, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Sara Wells
- Mary Lyon Centre, MRC Harwell Institute, Harwell Science Campus, Oxfordshire, UK
| | | | - J Douglas Armstrong
- Actual Analytics Ltd., Edinburgh, UK; School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Heather L Cater
- Mary Lyon Centre, MRC Harwell Institute, Harwell Science Campus, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Gareth Banks
- Mammalian Genetics Unit, MRC Harwell Institute, Harwell Science Campus, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Patrick M Nolan
- Mammalian Genetics Unit, MRC Harwell Institute, Harwell Science Campus, Oxfordshire, UK.
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20
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An experimental evaluation of a new designed apparatus (NDA) for the rapid measurement of impaired motor function in rats. J Neurosci Methods 2015; 251:138-42. [PMID: 26051554 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2015.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Revised: 05/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Assessment of the ability of rat to balance by rotarod apparatus (ROTA) is frequently used as a measure of impaired motor system function. Most of these methods have some disadvantages, such as failing to sense motor coordination rather than endurance and as the sensitivity of the method is low, more animals are needed to obtain statistically significant results. NEW METHOD We have designed and tested a new designed apparatus (NDA) to measure motor system function in rats. Our system consists of a glass box containing 4 beams which placed with 1cm distance between them, two electrical motors for rotating the beams, and a camera to record the movements of the rats. The RPM of the beams is adjustable digitally between 0 and 50 rounds per minute. RESULTS We evaluated experimentally the capability of the NDA for the rapid measurement of impaired motor function in rats. Also we demonstrated that the sensitivity of the NDA increases by faster rotation speeds and may be more sensitive than ROTA for evaluating of impaired motor system function. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS Compared to a previous version of this task, our NDA provides a more efficient method to test rodents for studies of motor system function after impaired motor nervous system. CONCLUSIONS In summary, our NDA will allow high efficient monitoring of rat motor system function and may be more sensitive than ROTA for evaluating of impaired motor system function in rats.
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21
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Heise I, Fisher SP, Banks GT, Wells S, Peirson SN, Foster RG, Nolan PM. Sleep-like behavior and 24-h rhythm disruption in the Tc1 mouse model of Down syndrome. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2015; 14:209-16. [PMID: 25558895 PMCID: PMC4409853 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Revised: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Down syndrome is a common disorder associated with intellectual disability in humans. Among a variety of severe health problems, patients with Down syndrome exhibit disrupted sleep and abnormal 24-h rest/activity patterns. The transchromosomic mouse model of Down syndrome, Tc1, is a trans-species mouse model for Down syndrome, carrying most of human chromosome 21 in addition to the normal complement of mouse chromosomes and expresses many of the phenotypes characteristic of Down syndrome. To date, however, sleep and circadian rhythms have not been characterized in Tc1 mice. Using both circadian wheel-running analysis and video-based sleep scoring, we showed that these mice exhibited fragmented patterns of sleep-like behaviour during the light phase of a 12:12-h light/dark (LD) cycle with an extended period of continuous wakefulness at the beginning of the dark phase. Moreover, an acute light pulse during night-time was less effective in inducing sleep-like behaviour in Tc1 animals than in wild-type controls. In wheel-running analysis, free running in constant light (LL) or constant darkness (DD) showed no changes in the circadian period of Tc1 animals although they did express subtle behavioural differences including a reduction in total distance travelled on the wheel and differences in the acrophase of activity in LD and in DD. Our data confirm that Tc1 mice express sleep-related phenotypes that are comparable with those seen in Down syndrome patients with moderate disruptions in rest/activity patterns and hyperactive episodes, while circadian period under constant lighting conditions is essentially unaffected.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Heise
- Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, MRC Harwell, Harwell, UK
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22
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Fenrich KK, May Z, Hurd C, Boychuk CE, Kowalczewski J, Bennett DJ, Whishaw IQ, Fouad K. Improved single pellet grasping using automated ad libitum full-time training robot. Behav Brain Res 2014; 281:137-48. [PMID: 25523027 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.11.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Revised: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The single pellet grasping (SPG) task is a skilled forelimb motor task commonly used to evaluate reaching and grasp kinematics and recovery of forelimb function in rodent models of CNS injuries and diseases. To train rats in the SPG task, the animals are usually food restricted then placed in an SPG task enclosure and presented food pellets on a platform located beyond a slit located at the front of the task enclosure for 10-30 min, normally every weekday for several weeks. When the SPG task is applied in studies involving various experimental groups, training quickly becomes labor intensive, and can yield results with significant day-to-day variability. Furthermore, training is frequently done during the animals' light-cycle, which for nocturnal rodents such as mice and rats could affect performance. Here we describe an automated pellet presentation (APP) robotic system to train and test rats in the SPG task that reduces some of the procedural weaknesses of manual training. We found that APP trained rats performed significantly more trials per 24 h period, and had higher success rates with less daily and weekly variability than manually trained rats. Moreover, the results show that success rates are positively correlated with the number of dark-cycle trials, suggesting that dark-cycle training has a positive effect on success rates. These results demonstrate that automated training is an effective method for evaluating and training skilled reaching performance of rats, opening up the possibility for new approaches to investigating the role of motor systems in enabling skilled forelimb use and new approaches to investigating rehabilitation following CNS injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith K Fenrich
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6E 2G4, Canada; Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, 3-88 Corbett Hall, Edmonton, AB T6E 2G4, Canada.
| | - Zacnicte May
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6E 2G4, Canada; Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, 3-88 Corbett Hall, Edmonton, AB T6E 2G4, Canada
| | - Caitlin Hurd
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6E 2G4, Canada; Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, 3-88 Corbett Hall, Edmonton, AB T6E 2G4, Canada
| | - Carolyn E Boychuk
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6E 2G4, Canada; Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, 3-88 Corbett Hall, Edmonton, AB T6E 2G4, Canada
| | - Jan Kowalczewski
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6E 2G4, Canada
| | - David J Bennett
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6E 2G4, Canada; Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, 3-88 Corbett Hall, Edmonton, AB T6E 2G4, Canada
| | - Ian Q Whishaw
- Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive West, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Karim Fouad
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6E 2G4, Canada; Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, 3-88 Corbett Hall, Edmonton, AB T6E 2G4, Canada
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23
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Joyce PI, Mcgoldrick P, Saccon RA, Weber W, Fratta P, West SJ, Zhu N, Carter S, Phatak V, Stewart M, Simon M, Kumar S, Heise I, Bros-Facer V, Dick J, Corrochano S, Stanford MJ, Luong TV, Nolan PM, Meyer T, Brandner S, Bennett DLH, Ozdinler PH, Greensmith L, Fisher EMC, Acevedo-Arozena A. A novel SOD1-ALS mutation separates central and peripheral effects of mutant SOD1 toxicity. Hum Mol Genet 2014; 24:1883-97. [PMID: 25468678 PMCID: PMC4355022 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddu605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Transgenic mouse models expressing mutant superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) have been critical in furthering our understanding of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). However, such models generally overexpress the mutant protein, which may give rise to phenotypes not directly relevant to the disorder. Here, we have analysed a novel mouse model that has a point mutation in the endogenous mouse Sod1 gene; this mutation is identical to a pathological change in human familial ALS (fALS) which results in a D83G change in SOD1 protein. Homozgous Sod1D83G/D83G mice develop progressive degeneration of lower (LMN) and upper motor neurons, likely due to the same unknown toxic gain of function as occurs in human fALS cases, but intriguingly LMN cell death appears to stop in early adulthood and the mice do not become paralyzed. The D83 residue coordinates zinc binding, and the D83G mutation results in loss of dismutase activity and SOD1 protein instability. As a result, Sod1D83G/D83G mice also phenocopy the distal axonopathy and hepatocellular carcinoma found in Sod1 null mice (Sod1−/−). These unique mice allow us to further our understanding of ALS by separating the central motor neuron body degeneration and the peripheral effects from a fALS mutation expressed at endogenous levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter I Joyce
- MRC Mammalian Genetics Unit, Harwell, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Philip Mcgoldrick
- MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Rachele A Saccon
- MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - William Weber
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Pietro Fratta
- MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Steven J West
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Ning Zhu
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Sarah Carter
- MRC Mammalian Genetics Unit, Harwell, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Vinaya Phatak
- MRC Mammalian Genetics Unit, Harwell, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, UK
| | | | - Michelle Simon
- MRC Mammalian Genetics Unit, Harwell, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Saumya Kumar
- MRC Mammalian Genetics Unit, Harwell, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Ines Heise
- MRC Mammalian Genetics Unit, Harwell, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Virginie Bros-Facer
- MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - James Dick
- MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | | | - Macdonnell J Stanford
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Tu Vinh Luong
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, Pond Street, London NW3 2QG, UK
| | - Patrick M Nolan
- MRC Mammalian Genetics Unit, Harwell, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Timothy Meyer
- UCL Cancer Institute, Paul O'Gorman Building, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Sebastian Brandner
- MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - David L H Bennett
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - P Hande Ozdinler
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Linda Greensmith
- MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK,
| | - Elizabeth M C Fisher
- MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK,
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