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Zhang J, Li Q, Liao P, Xiao R, Zhu L, Hu Q. Calcium sensing receptor: A promising therapeutic target in pulmonary hypertension. Life Sci 2024; 340:122472. [PMID: 38290572 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is characterized by elevation of pulmonary arterial pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance. The increased pulmonary arterial pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance due to sustained pulmonary vasoconstriction and pulmonary vascular remodeling can lead to right heart failure and eventual death. A rise in intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) and enhanced pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) proliferation contribute to pulmonary vasoconstriction and pulmonary vascular remodeling. Recent studies demonstrated that extracellular calcium sensing receptor (CaSR) as a G-protein coupled receptor participates in [Ca2+]i increase induced by hypoxia in the experimental animals of PH and in PH patients. Pharmacological blockade or gene knockout of CaSR significantly attenuates the development of PH. This review will aim to discuss and update the pathogenicity of CaSR attributed to onset and progression in PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwei Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Ministry of Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qinli Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, People's Hospital of Dongxihu District Wuhan City and Union Dongxihu Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Pu Liao
- Department of Pathology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Ministry of Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Ministry of Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Liping Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Ministry of Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qinghua Hu
- Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Ministry of Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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Khaveh N, Schachler K, Berghöfer J, Jung K, Metzger J. Altered hair root gene expression profiles highlight calcium signaling and lipid metabolism pathways to be associated with curly hair initiation and maintenance in Mangalitza pigs. Front Genet 2023; 14:1184015. [PMID: 37351343 PMCID: PMC10282778 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1184015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Hair types have been under strong targeted selection in domestic animals for their impact on skin protection, thermoregulation and exterior morphology, and subsequent economic importance. In pigs, a very special hair phenotype was observed in Mangalitza, who expresses a thick coat of curly bristles and downy hair. Two breed-specific missense variants in TRPM2 and CYP4F3 were suggested to be associated with the Mangalitza pig's hair shape due to their role in hair follicle morphogenesis reported for human and mice. However, the mechanism behind this expression of a curly hair type is still unclear and needs to be explored. In our study, hair shafts were measured and investigated for the curvature of the hair in Mangalitza and crossbreeds in comparison to straight-coated pigs. For molecular studies, hair roots underwent RNA sequencing for a differential gene expression analysis using DESeq2. The output matrix of normalized counts was then used to construct weighted gene co-expression networks. The resulting hair root gene expression profiles highlighted 454 genes to be significantly differentially expressed for initiation of curly hair phenotype in newborn Mangalitza piglets versus post-initiation in later development. Furthermore, 2,554 genes showed a significant differential gene expression in curly hair in comparison to straight hair. Neither TRPM2 nor CYP4F3 were identified as differentially expressed. Incidence of the genes in weighted co-expression networks associated with TRPM2 and CYP4F3, and prominent interactions of subsequent proteins with lipids and calcium-related pathways suggested calcium signaling and/or lipid metabolism as essential players in the induction of the curly hair as well as an ionic calcium-dependency to be a prominent factor for the maintenance of this phenotype. Subsequently, our study highlights the complex interrelations and dependencies of mutant genes TRPM2 and CYP4F3 and associated gene expression patterns, allowing the initiation of curly hair type during the development of a piglet as well as the maintenance in adult individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Khaveh
- Research Group Veterinary Functional Genomics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Kathrin Schachler
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jan Berghöfer
- Research Group Veterinary Functional Genomics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaus Jung
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Julia Metzger
- Research Group Veterinary Functional Genomics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
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Kotliar IB, Lorenzen E, Schwenk JM, Hay DL, Sakmar TP. Elucidating the Interactome of G Protein-Coupled Receptors and Receptor Activity-Modifying Proteins. Pharmacol Rev 2023; 75:1-34. [PMID: 36757898 PMCID: PMC9832379 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.120.000180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are known to interact with several other classes of integral membrane proteins that modulate their biology and pharmacology. However, the extent of these interactions and the mechanisms of their effects are not well understood. For example, one class of GPCR-interacting proteins, receptor activity-modifying proteins (RAMPs), comprise three related and ubiquitously expressed single-transmembrane span proteins. The RAMP family was discovered more than two decades ago, and since then GPCR-RAMP interactions and their functional consequences on receptor trafficking and ligand selectivity have been documented for several secretin (class B) GPCRs, most notably the calcitonin receptor-like receptor. Recent bioinformatics and multiplexed experimental studies suggest that GPCR-RAMP interactions might be much more widespread than previously anticipated. Recently, cryo-electron microscopy has provided high-resolution structures of GPCR-RAMP-ligand complexes, and drugs have been developed that target GPCR-RAMP complexes. In this review, we provide a summary of recent advances in techniques that allow the discovery of GPCR-RAMP interactions and their functional consequences and highlight prospects for future advances. We also provide an up-to-date list of reported GPCR-RAMP interactions based on a review of the current literature. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Receptor activity-modifying proteins (RAMPs) have emerged as modulators of many aspects of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR)biology and pharmacology. The application of new methodologies to study membrane protein-protein interactions suggests that RAMPs interact with many more GPCRs than had been previously known. These findings, especially when combined with structural studies of membrane protein complexes, have significant implications for advancing GPCR-targeted drug discovery and the understanding of GPCR pharmacology, biology, and regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilana B Kotliar
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Signal Transduction, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York (I.B.K., E.L., T.P.S.); Tri-Institutional PhD Program in Chemical Biology, New York, New York (I.B.K.); Science for Life Laboratory, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden (J.M.S.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Health Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand (D.L.H.); and Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Division for Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden (T.P.S.)
| | - Emily Lorenzen
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Signal Transduction, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York (I.B.K., E.L., T.P.S.); Tri-Institutional PhD Program in Chemical Biology, New York, New York (I.B.K.); Science for Life Laboratory, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden (J.M.S.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Health Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand (D.L.H.); and Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Division for Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden (T.P.S.)
| | - Jochen M Schwenk
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Signal Transduction, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York (I.B.K., E.L., T.P.S.); Tri-Institutional PhD Program in Chemical Biology, New York, New York (I.B.K.); Science for Life Laboratory, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden (J.M.S.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Health Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand (D.L.H.); and Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Division for Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden (T.P.S.)
| | - Debbie L Hay
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Signal Transduction, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York (I.B.K., E.L., T.P.S.); Tri-Institutional PhD Program in Chemical Biology, New York, New York (I.B.K.); Science for Life Laboratory, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden (J.M.S.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Health Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand (D.L.H.); and Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Division for Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden (T.P.S.)
| | - Thomas P Sakmar
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Signal Transduction, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York (I.B.K., E.L., T.P.S.); Tri-Institutional PhD Program in Chemical Biology, New York, New York (I.B.K.); Science for Life Laboratory, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden (J.M.S.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Health Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand (D.L.H.); and Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Division for Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden (T.P.S.)
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Fasciani I, Carli M, Petragnano F, Colaianni F, Aloisi G, Maggio R, Scarselli M, Rossi M. GPCRs in Intracellular Compartments: New Targets for Drug Discovery. Biomolecules 2022; 12:1343. [PMID: 36291552 PMCID: PMC9599219 DOI: 10.3390/biom12101343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The architecture of eukaryotic cells is defined by extensive membrane-delimited compartments, which entails separate metabolic processes that would otherwise interfere with each other, leading to functional differences between cells. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest class of cell surface receptors, and their signal transduction is traditionally viewed as a chain of events initiated from the plasma membrane. Furthermore, their intracellular trafficking, internalization, and recycling were considered only to regulate receptor desensitization and cell surface expression. On the contrary, accumulating data strongly suggest that GPCRs also signal from intracellular compartments. GPCRs localize in the membranes of endosomes, nucleus, Golgi and endoplasmic reticulum apparatuses, mitochondria, and cell division compartments. Importantly, from these sites they have shown to orchestrate multiple signals that regulate different cell pathways. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of this fascinating phenomenon, explaining how GPCRs reach the intracellular sites, are stimulated by the endogenous ligands, and their potential physiological/pathophysiological roles. Finally, we illustrate several mechanisms involved in the modulation of the compartmentalized GPCR signaling by drugs and endogenous ligands. Understanding how GPCR signaling compartmentalization is regulated will provide a unique opportunity to develop novel pharmaceutical approaches to target GPCRs and potentially lead the way towards new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Fasciani
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Marco Carli
- Department of Translational Research on New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesco Petragnano
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Francesco Colaianni
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Gabriella Aloisi
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Roberto Maggio
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Marco Scarselli
- Department of Translational Research on New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Mario Rossi
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
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Cajulao JMB, Hernandez E, von Zastrow ME, Sanchez EL. Glucagon receptor-mediated regulation of gluconeogenic gene transcription is endocytosis-dependent in primary hepatocytes. Mol Biol Cell 2022; 33:ar90. [PMID: 35767325 PMCID: PMC9582622 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e21-09-0430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are now thought to use endocytosis to promote cellular cAMP signaling that drives downstream transcription of cAMP-dependent genes. We tested if this is true for the glucagon receptor (GCGR), which mediates physiological regulation of hepatic glucose metabolism via cAMP signaling. We show that epitope-tagged GCGRs undergo clathrin- and dynamin-dependent endocytosis in HEK293 and Huh-7-Lunet cells after activation by glucagon within 5 min and transit via EEA1-marked endosomes shown previously to be sites of GPCR/Gs-stimulated production of cAMP. We further show that endocytosis potentiates cytoplasmic cAMP elevation produced by GCGR activation and promotes expression of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 (PCK1), the enzyme catalyzing the rate-limiting step in gluconeogenesis. We verify endocytosis-dependent induction of PCK1 expression by endogenous GCGRs in primary hepatocytes and show similar control of two other gluconeogenic genes (PGC1α and G6PC). Together, these results implicate the endosomal signaling paradigm in metabolic regulation by glucagon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Mikhale B. Cajulao
- San Francisco State University, Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, San Francisco CA 94132
| | - Eduardo Hernandez
- San Francisco State University, Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, San Francisco CA 94132
| | - Mark E. von Zastrow
- University of California San Francisco, Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco CA 94122
| | - Erica L. Sanchez
- San Francisco State University, Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, San Francisco CA 94132
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Bridges LE, Williams CL, Awumey EM. High Salt Upregulates Ca 2+-Sensing Receptor Expression and Ca 2+-Induced Relaxation of Contracted Mesenteric Arteries from Dahl Salt-Sensitive Rats. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2022; 381:120-128. [PMID: 35306475 PMCID: PMC9048267 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.121.001034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
High Ca2+ lowers blood pressure in hypertension, but the mechanism is not clear. The missing link may be the perivascular sensory nerve Ca2+-sensing receptor (CaSR) that mediates a vasodilator system after activation by interstitial Ca2+ Our results show that high salt increased CaSR expression in mesenteric arteries as well as Ca2+ relaxation of contracted mesenteric arteries from salt-sensitive (SS) rats. The CaSR was expressed as a doublet (≈120-150 kDa) in arteries from animals fed a high-salt diet for 1-4 weeks. The higher molecular weight glycosylated protein increased in arteries from SS animals; however, expression of the low molecular mass high-mannose protein decreased over 4 weeks of feeding the diet. In tissues from salt-resistant (SR) rats, the diet decreased CaSR expression after 4 weeks. Ca2+ relaxation of mesenteric arteries under phenylephrine tone increased in SS rats but decreased in arteries from SR rats fed the high-salt diet. Ca2+-activated K+ channels have a larger role in Ca2+ relaxation of arteries in SR than SS rats. The data suggest that high salt epigenetically regulates the receptor at the translational level in vivo and that the in vitro effect of Ca2+ is on receptor trafficking and signaling. In conclusion, upregulated expression of the CaSR in salt sensitivity increased receptor-mediated vascular relaxation. These findings show that CaSR signaling may compensate for changes in the vasculature in salt-sensitive hypertension. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The perivascular sensory nerve Ca2+-sensing receptor (CaSR) mediates Ca2+ relaxation of isolated mesenteric arteries under tension. This receptor may therefore play a significant role in relaxation of resistance arteries in vivo, thus explaining the blood pressure-lowering effect of dietary Ca2+. The present studies describe the effect of high salt-induced upregulation of the CaSR in salt-sensitive rats and the roles played by Ca2+-activated K+ channels and nitric oxide in Ca2+ responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakeesha E Bridges
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical and Biotechnology Research Institute (L.E.B., C.L.W., E.M.A.) and Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences (E.M.A.), North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina; and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and Hypertension and Vascular Research Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina (E.M.A.)
| | - Cicely L Williams
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical and Biotechnology Research Institute (L.E.B., C.L.W., E.M.A.) and Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences (E.M.A.), North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina; and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and Hypertension and Vascular Research Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina (E.M.A.)
| | - Emmanuel M Awumey
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical and Biotechnology Research Institute (L.E.B., C.L.W., E.M.A.) and Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences (E.M.A.), North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina; and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and Hypertension and Vascular Research Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina (E.M.A.)
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7
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Mullin BH, Pavlos NJ, Brown SJ, Walsh JP, McKellar RA, Wilson SG, Ward BK. Functional Assessment of Calcium-Sensing Receptor Variants Confirms Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcaemia. J Endocr Soc 2022; 6:bvac025. [PMID: 35356007 PMCID: PMC8962451 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvac025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Context In the clinic it is important to differentiate primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) from the more benign, inherited disorder, familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia (FHH). Since the conditions may sometimes overlap biochemically, identification of calcium-sensing receptor (CASR) gene variants causative of FHH (but not PHPT) is the most decisive diagnostic aid. When novel variants are identified, bioinformatics and functional assessment are required to establish pathogenicity. Objective We identified 3 novel CASR transmembrane domain missense variants, Thr699Asn, Arg701Gly, and Thr808Pro, in 3 probands provisionally diagnosed with FHH and examined the variants using bioinformatics and functional analysis. Methods Bioinformatics assessment utilized wANNOVAR software. For functional characterization, each variant was cloned into a mammalian expression vector; wild-type and variant receptors were transfected into HEK293 cells, and their expression and cellular localization were assessed by Western blotting and confocal immunofluorescence, respectively. Receptor activation in HEK293 cells was determined using an IP-One ELISA assay following stimulation with Ca++ ions. Results Bioinformatics analysis of the variants was unable to definitively assign pathogenicity. Compared with wild-type receptor, all variants demonstrated impaired expression of mature receptor reaching the cell surface and diminished activation at physiologically relevant Ca++ concentrations. Conclusion Three CASR missense variants identified in probands provisionally diagnosed with FHH result in receptor inactivation and are therefore likely causative of FHH. Inactivation may be due to inadequate processing/trafficking of mature receptor and/or conformational changes induced by the variants affecting receptor signaling. This study demonstrates the value of functional studies in assessing genetic variants identified in hypercalcemic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin H Mullin
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Nathan J Pavlos
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Suzanne J Brown
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - John P Walsh
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Ross A McKellar
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Scott G Wilson
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Bryan K Ward
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Centre for Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
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Role of Satb1 and Satb2 Transcription Factors in the Glutamate Receptors Expression and Ca 2+ Signaling in the Cortical Neurons In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115968. [PMID: 34073140 PMCID: PMC8198236 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcription factors Satb1 and Satb2 are involved in the processes of cortex development and maturation of neurons. Alterations in the expression of their target genes can lead to neurodegenerative processes. Molecular and cellular mechanisms of regulation of neurotransmission by these transcription factors remain poorly understood. In this study, we have shown that transcription factors Satb1 and Satb2 participate in the regulation of genes encoding the NMDA-, AMPA-, and KA- receptor subunits and the inhibitory GABA(A) receptor. Deletion of gene for either Satb1 or Satb2 homologous factors induces the expression of genes encoding the NMDA receptor subunits, thereby leading to higher amplitudes of Ca2+-signals in neurons derived from the Satb1-deficient (Satb1fl/+ * NexCre/+) and Satb1-null mice (Satb1fl/fl * NexCre/+) in response to the selective agonist reducing the EC50 for the NMDA receptor. Simultaneously, there is an increase in the expression of the Gria2 gene, encoding the AMPA receptor subunit, thus decreasing the Ca2+-signals of neurons in response to the treatment with a selective agonist (5-Fluorowillardiine (FW)). The Satb1 deletion increases the sensitivity of the KA receptor to the agonist (domoic acid), in the cortical neurons of the Satb1-deficient mice but decreases it in the Satb1-null mice. At the same time, the Satb2 deletion decreases Ca2+-signals and the sensitivity of the KA receptor to the agonist in neurons from the Satb1-null and the Satb1-deficient mice. The Satb1 deletion affects the development of the inhibitory system of neurotransmission resulting in the suppression of the neuron maturation process and switching the GABAergic responses from excitatory to inhibitory, while the Satb2 deletion has a similar effect only in the Satb1-null mice. We show that the Satb1 and Satb2 transcription factors are involved in the regulation of the transmission of excitatory signals and inhibition of the neuronal network in the cortical cell culture.
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Liu H, Zhou D, Liu C, Zhuan Q, Luo Y, Mo X, Fu X, Hou Y. The Calcium-Sensing Receptor Is Involved in Follicle-Stimulating Hormone-Induced Cumulus Expansion in in vitro Cultured Porcine Cumulus-Oocyte Complexes. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:625036. [PMID: 34095106 PMCID: PMC8173154 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.625036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The Calcium-Sensing Receptor (CASR) is a G protein-coupled receptor of the C family that reportedly promotes maturation of porcine oocytes. However, its role in cumulus expansion of cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) is not well known. This study was conducted to determine the role of CASR and potential mechanisms involved during in vitro maturation (IVM) of porcine COCs. After culture of COCs in follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)-supplement maturation medium for 24 h, the time of breakdown of the germinal vesicle (GVBD), indicative of initiation of meiotic maturation, resulted in an increased (p < 0.05) CASR mRNA expression level in cumulus cells. Moreover, IVM of COCs in 10 μM of the CASR agonist NPS R-568 promoted (p < 0.05) cumulus expansion but only in FSH-containing medium. Conversely, 20 μM of the CASR inhibitor NPS2390 precluded cumulus expansion. We next tested the effect of the CASR agonist/inhibitor on the expression of cumulus expansion-related genes. The CASR agonist significantly upregulated the expression of hyaluronan acid synthase 2 (HAS2), whereas the CASR inhibitor downregulated the expression of all HAS2, prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2), and tumor necrosis factor a-induced protein 6 (TNFAIP6). Altogether, these results suggest that CASR activity is involved in FSH-stimulated porcine cumulus expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huage Liu
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China.,State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Cong Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qingrui Zhuan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xianhong Mo
- College of Life Sciences, Chifeng University, Chifeng, China
| | - Xiangwei Fu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yunpeng Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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10
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Singh MK, Mobeen A, Chandra A, Joshi S, Ramachandran S. A meta-analysis of comorbidities in COVID-19: Which diseases increase the susceptibility of SARS-CoV-2 infection? Comput Biol Med 2021; 130:104219. [PMID: 33486379 PMCID: PMC7836641 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2021.104219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Comorbidities in COVID-19 patients often lead to more severe outcomes. The disease-specific molecular events, which may induce susceptibility to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, are being investigated. To assess this, we retrieved array-based gene expression datasets from patients of 30 frequently occurring acute, chronic, or infectious diseases. Comparative analyses of the datasets were performed after quantile normalization and log2 transformation. Among the 78 host genes prominently implicated in COVID-19 infection, ACE2 (receptor for SARS-CoV-2) was positively regulated in several cases, namely, leukemia, psoriasis, lung cancer, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), breast cancer, and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). FURIN was positively regulated in some cases, such as leukemia, psoriasis, NAFLD, lung cancer, and type II diabetes (T2D), while TMPRSS2 was positively regulated in only 3 cases, namely, leukemia, lung cancer, and T2D. Genes encoding various interferons, cytokines, chemokines, and mediators of JAK-STAT pathway were positively regulated in leukemia, NAFLD, and T2D cases. Among the 161 genes that are positively regulated in the lungs of COVID-19 patients, 99–111 genes in leukemia (including various studied subtypes), 77 genes in NAFLD, and 48 genes in psoriasis were also positively regulated. Because of the high similarity in gene expression patterns, the patients of leukemia, NAFLD, T2D, psoriasis, and PAH may need additional preventive care against acquiring SARS-CoV-2 infections. Further, two genes CARBONIC ANHYDRASE 11 (CA11) and CLUSTERIN (CLU) were positively regulated in the lungs of patients infected with either SARS-CoV-2, or SARS-CoV or Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV).
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kumar Singh
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, 110007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Ahmed Mobeen
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, 110007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Amit Chandra
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, 110007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Sweta Joshi
- Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Srinivasan Ramachandran
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, 110007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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11
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Pacharne S, Livesey M, Kadmiel M, Wang N, Caron KM, Richards GO, Skerry TM. Accelerated Development With Increased Bone Mass and Skeletal Response to Loading Suggest Receptor Activity Modifying Protein-3 as a Bone Anabolic Target. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:807882. [PMID: 35095771 PMCID: PMC8790142 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.807882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Knockout technologies provide insights into physiological roles of genes. Studies initiated into endocrinology of heteromeric G protein-coupled receptors included deletion of receptor activity modifying protein-3, an accessory protein that alters ligand selectivity of calcitonin and calcitonin-like receptors. Initially, deletion of Ramp3-/- appeared phenotypically silent, but it has emerged that mice have a high bone mass phenotype, and more subtle alterations to angiogenesis, amylin homeostasis, and a small proportion of the effects of adrenomedullin on cardiovascular and lymphatic systems. Here we explore in detail, effects of Ramp3-/- deletion on skeletal growth/development, bone mass and response of bone to mechanical loading mimicking exercise. Mouse pups lacking RAMP3 are healthy and viable, having accelerated development of the skeleton as assessed by degree of mineralisation of specific bones, and by microCT measurements. Specifically, we observed that neonates and young mice have increased bone volume and mineralisation in hindlimbs and vertebrae and increased thickness of bone trabeculae. These changes are associated with increased osteoblast numbers and bone apposition rate in Ramp3-/- mice, and increased cell proliferation in epiphyseal growth plates. Effects persist for some weeks after birth, but differences in gross bone mass between RAMP3 and WT mice lose significance in older animals although architectural differences persist. Responses of bones of 17-week old mice to mechanical loading that mimics effects of vigorous exercise is increased significantly in Ramp3-/- mice by 30% compared with WT control mice. Studies on cultured osteoblasts from Ramp3-/- mice indicate interactions between mRNA expression of RAMPs1 and 3, but not RAMP2 and 3. Our preliminary data shows that Ramp3-/- osteoblasts had increased expression β-catenin, a component of the canonical Wnt signalling pathway known to regulate skeletal homeostasis and mechanosensitivity. Given interactions of RAMPs with both calcitonin and calcitonin-like receptors to alter ligand selectivity, and with other GPCRs to change trafficking or ligand bias, it is not clear whether the bone phenotype of Ramp3-/- mice is due to alterations in signalling mediated by one or more GPCRS. However, as antagonists of RAMP-interacting receptors are growing in availability, there appears the likelihood that manipulation of the RAMP3 signalling system could provide anabolic effects therapeutically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suruchi Pacharne
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Livesey
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Mahita Kadmiel
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Kathleen M. Caron
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Gareth O. Richards
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Tim M. Skerry
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Tim M. Skerry,
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12
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Fischer JP, Els-Heindl S, Beck-Sickinger AG. Adrenomedullin - Current perspective on a peptide hormone with significant therapeutic potential. Peptides 2020; 131:170347. [PMID: 32569606 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2020.170347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The peptide hormone adrenomedullin (ADM) consists of 52 amino acids and plays a pivotal role in the regulation of many physiological processes, particularly those of the cardiovascular and lymphatic system. Like calcitonin (CT), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), intermedin (IMD) and amylin (AMY), it belongs to the CT/CGRP family of peptide hormones, which despite their low little sequence identity share certain characteristic structural features as well as a complex multicomponent receptor system. ADM, IMD and CGRP exert their biological effects by activation of the calcitonin receptor-like receptor (CLR) as a complex with one of three receptor activity-modifying proteins (RAMP), which alter the ligand affinity. Selectivity within the receptor system is largely mediated by the amidated C-terminus of the peptide hormones, which bind to the extracellular domains of the receptors. This enables their N-terminus consisting of a disulfide-bonded ring structure and a helical segment to bind within the transmembrane region and to induce an active receptor confirmation. ADM is expressed in a variety of tissues in the human body and is fundamentally involved in multitude biological processes. Thus, it is of interest as a diagnostic marker and a promising candidate for therapeutic interventions. In order to fully exploit the potential of ADM, it is necessary to improve its pharmacological profile by increasing the metabolic stability and, ideally, creating receptor subtype-selective analogs. While several successful attempts to prolong the half-life of ADM were recently reported, improving or even retaining receptor selectivity remains challenging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Patrick Fischer
- Institut für Biochemie, Universität Leipzig, Brüderstraße 34, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sylvia Els-Heindl
- Institut für Biochemie, Universität Leipzig, Brüderstraße 34, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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13
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Tao YX. Molecular chaperones and G protein-coupled receptor maturation and pharmacology. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 511:110862. [PMID: 32389798 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.110862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are highly conserved versatile signaling molecules located at the plasma membrane that respond to diverse extracellular signals. They regulate almost all physiological processes in the vertebrates. About 35% of current drugs target these receptors. Mutations in these genes have been identified as causes of numerous diseases. The seven transmembrane domain structure of GPCRs implies that the folding of these transmembrane proteins is extremely complicated and difficult. Indeed, many wild type GPCRs are not folded optimally. The most common defect in genetic diseases caused by GPCR mutations is misfolding and failure to reach the plasma membrane where it functions. General molecular chaperones aid the folding of all proteins, including GPCRs, by preventing aggregation, promoting folding and disaggregating small aggregates. Some GPCRs need additional receptor-specific chaperones to assist their folding. Many of these receptor-specific chaperones interact with additional receptors and alter receptor pharmacology, expanding the understanding of these chaperone proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Xiong Tao
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849-5519, USA.
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14
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Serafin DS, Harris NR, Nielsen NR, Mackie DI, Caron KM. Dawn of a New RAMPage. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2020; 41:249-265. [PMID: 32115276 PMCID: PMC7236817 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2020.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Receptor activity-modifying proteins (RAMPs) interact with G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) to modify their functions, imparting significant implications upon their physiological and therapeutic potentials. Resurging interest in identifying RAMP-GPCR interactions has recently been fueled by coevolution studies and orthogonal technological screening platforms. These new studies reveal previously unrecognized RAMP-interacting GPCRs, many of which expand beyond Class B GPCRs. The consequences of these interactions on GPCR function and physiology lays the foundation for new molecular therapeutic targets, as evidenced by the recent success of erenumab. Here, we highlight recent papers that uncovered novel RAMP-GPCR interactions, human RAMP-GPCR disease-causing mutations, and RAMP-related human pathologies, paving the way for a new era of RAMP-targeted drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Stephen Serafin
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Natalie R Harris
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Natalie R Nielsen
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Duncan I Mackie
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Kathleen M Caron
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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15
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Pioszak AA, Hay DL. RAMPs as allosteric modulators of the calcitonin and calcitonin-like class B G protein-coupled receptors. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2020; 88:115-141. [PMID: 32416865 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2020.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Receptor activity-modifying proteins (RAMPs) are a family of three single span transmembrane proteins in humans that interact with many GPCRs and can modulate their function. RAMPs were discovered as key components of the calcitonin gene-related peptide and adrenomedullin receptors. They are required for transport of this class B GPCR, calcitonin receptor-like receptor (CLR), to the cell surface and determine its peptide ligand binding preferences. Soon thereafter RAMPs were shown to modulate the binding of calcitonin and amylin peptides to the related calcitonin receptor (CTR) and in the years since an ever-growing number of RAMP-interacting receptors have been identified including most if not all of the 15 class B GPCRs and several GPCRs from other families. Studies of CLR, CTR, and a handful of other GPCRs revealed that RAMPs are able to modulate various aspects of receptor function including trafficking, ligand binding, and signaling. Here, we review RAMP interactions and functions with an emphasis on class B receptors for which our understanding is most advanced. A key focus is to discuss recent evidence that RAMPs serve as endogenous allosteric modulators of CLR and CTR. We discuss structural studies of RAMP-CLR complexes and CTR and biochemical and pharmacological studies that collectively have significantly expanded our understanding of the mechanistic basis for RAMP modulation of these class B GPCRs. Last, we consider the implications of these findings for drug development targeting RAMP-CLR/CTR complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augen A Pioszak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States.
| | - Debbie L Hay
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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16
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Sensing Extracellular Calcium - An Insight into the Structure and Function of the Calcium-Sensing Receptor (CaSR). ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1131:1031-1063. [PMID: 31646544 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-12457-1_41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) is a G protein-coupled receptor that plays a key role in calcium homeostasis, by sensing free calcium levels in blood and regulating parathyroid hormone secretion in response. The CaSR is highly expressed in parathyroid gland and kidney where its role is well characterised, but also in other tissues where its function remains to be determined. The CaSR can be activated by a variety of endogenous ligands, as well as by synthetic modulators such as Cinacalcet, used in the clinic to treat secondary hyperparathyroidism in patients with chronic kidney disease. The CaSR couples to multiple G proteins, in a tissue-specific manner, activating several signalling pathways and thus regulating diverse intracellular events. The multifaceted nature of this receptor makes it a valuable therapeutic target for calciotropic and non-calciotropic diseases. It is therefore essential to understand the complexity behind the pharmacology, trafficking, and signalling characteristics of this receptor. This review provides an overview of the latest knowledge about the CaSR and discusses future hot topics in this field.
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17
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Lorenzen E, Dodig-Crnković T, Kotliar IB, Pin E, Ceraudo E, Vaughan RD, Uhlèn M, Huber T, Schwenk JM, Sakmar TP. Multiplexed analysis of the secretin-like GPCR-RAMP interactome. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaaw2778. [PMID: 31555726 PMCID: PMC6750928 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaw2778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Receptor activity-modifying proteins (RAMPs) have been shown to modulate the functions of several G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), but potential direct interactions among the three known RAMPs and hundreds of GPCRs have never been investigated. Focusing mainly on the secretin-like family of GPCRs, we engineered epitope-tagged GPCRs and RAMPs, and developed a multiplexed suspension bead array (SBA) immunoassay to detect GPCR-RAMP complexes from detergent-solubilized lysates. Using 64 antibodies raised against the native proteins and 4 antibodies targeting the epitope tags, we mapped the interactions among 23 GPCRs and 3 RAMPs. We validated nearly all previously reported secretin-like GPCR-RAMP interactions, and also found previously unidentified RAMP interactions with additional secretin-like GPCRs, chemokine receptors, and orphan receptors. The results provide a complete interactome of secretin-like GPCRs with RAMPs. The SBA strategy will be useful to search for additional GPCR-RAMP complexes and other interacting membrane protein pairs in cell lines and tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Lorenzen
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Signal Transduction, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Ave., New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Tea Dodig-Crnković
- Science for Life Laboratory, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 171 65 Solna, Sweden
| | - Ilana B. Kotliar
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Signal Transduction, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Ave., New York, NY 10065, USA
- Tri-Institutional PhD Program in Chemical Biology, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Elisa Pin
- Science for Life Laboratory, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 171 65 Solna, Sweden
| | - Emilie Ceraudo
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Signal Transduction, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Ave., New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Roger D. Vaughan
- Center for Clinical and Translational Science, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Ave., New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Mathias Uhlèn
- Science for Life Laboratory, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 171 65 Solna, Sweden
- AlbaNova University Center, School Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas Huber
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Signal Transduction, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Ave., New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jochen M. Schwenk
- Science for Life Laboratory, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 171 65 Solna, Sweden
- Corresponding author. (J.M.S.); (T.P.S.)
| | - Thomas P. Sakmar
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Signal Transduction, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Ave., New York, NY 10065, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Section for Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 64 Solna, Sweden
- Corresponding author. (J.M.S.); (T.P.S.)
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18
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Zhang M, Wu G. Mechanisms of the anterograde trafficking of GPCRs: Regulation of AT1R transport by interacting proteins and motifs. Traffic 2018; 20:110-120. [PMID: 30426616 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Anterograde cell surface transport of nascent G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) en route from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) through the Golgi apparatus represents a crucial checkpoint to control the amount of the receptors at the functional destination and the strength of receptor activation-elicited cellular responses. However, as compared with extensively studied internalization and recycling processes, the molecular mechanisms of cell surface trafficking of GPCRs are relatively less defined. Here, we will review the current advances in understanding the ER-Golgi-cell surface transport of GPCRs and use angiotensin II type 1 receptor as a representative GPCR to discuss emerging roles of receptor-interacting proteins and specific motifs embedded within the receptors in controlling the forward traffic of GPCRs along the biosynthetic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maoxiang Zhang
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Guangyu Wu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
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19
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Mackie DI, Al Mutairi F, Davis RB, Kechele DO, Nielsen NR, Snyder JC, Caron MG, Kliman HJ, Berg JS, Simms J, Poyner DR, Caron KM. h CALCRL mutation causes autosomal recessive nonimmune hydrops fetalis with lymphatic dysplasia. J Exp Med 2018; 215:2339-2353. [PMID: 30115739 PMCID: PMC6122977 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20180528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Using genetic, pharmacological and animal model approaches, we elucidate a novel human mutation in a G protein coupled receptor that impairs receptor oligomerization and trafficking leading to fatal, non-immune hydrops fetalis associated with arrested lymphatic development. We report the first case of nonimmune hydrops fetalis (NIHF) associated with a recessive, in-frame deletion of V205 in the G protein–coupled receptor, Calcitonin Receptor-Like Receptor (hCALCRL). Homozygosity results in fetal demise from hydrops fetalis, while heterozygosity in females is associated with spontaneous miscarriage and subfertility. Using molecular dynamic modeling and in vitro biochemical assays, we show that the hCLR(V205del) mutant results in misfolding of the first extracellular loop, reducing association with its requisite receptor chaperone, receptor activity modifying protein (RAMP), translocation to the plasma membrane and signaling. Using three independent genetic mouse models we establish that the adrenomedullin–CLR–RAMP2 axis is both necessary and sufficient for driving lymphatic vascular proliferation. Genetic ablation of either lymphatic endothelial Calcrl or nonendothelial Ramp2 leads to severe NIHF with embryonic demise and placental pathologies, similar to that observed in humans. Our results highlight a novel candidate gene for human congenital NIHF and provide structure–function insights of this signaling axis for human physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duncan I Mackie
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Fuad Al Mutairi
- Department of Pediatrics, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia .,King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre (KAIMRC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reema B Davis
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Daniel O Kechele
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Natalie R Nielsen
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Joshua C Snyder
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC.,Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Marc G Caron
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Harvey J Kliman
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Jonathan S Berg
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - John Simms
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, England, UK
| | - David R Poyner
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham, England, UK
| | - Kathleen M Caron
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC .,Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
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20
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Topaz N, Mojib N, Chande AT, Kubanek J, Jordan IK. RampDB: a web application and database for the exploration and prediction of receptor activity modifying protein interactions. DATABASE-THE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL DATABASES AND CURATION 2018; 2017:4107360. [PMID: 29220456 PMCID: PMC5737055 DOI: 10.1093/database/bax067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Receptor Activity Modifying Proteins (RAMPs) serve as accessory proteins that modulate the signaling activities of G-Protein Coupled Receptors (GPCRs). RAMPs function by interacting with the N-termini and transmembrane domains of GPCRs, and the receptor phenotypes of the resulting complexes are determined by the specific isoform of the interacting RAMPs. RAMPs were discovered in 1998, and since that time the number of known RAMP-GPCR interactions has steadily increased; RAMPs are now known to interact with nearly every member of the class ‘B’, Secretin receptor family of peptide-binding GPCRs as well as some members of the class ‘A’ and ‘C’ peptide-binding GPCRs. Given the steadily increasing number of known RAMP–GPCR interactions, phenotypes and functions, there is a pressing need for a central resource dedicated to their storage, prediction and dissemination. We have developed a web application and database—RampDB—with the goal of addressing this need. RampDB consists of a custom RAMP–GPCR–ligand database integrated with a search utility, which together facilitate the exploration and analysis of RAMP interactions. The RampDB search utility allows users to explore known RAMP interactions, or to predict novel interactions, via either protein sequence (bioinformatic) or ligand (chemoinformatic) queries. The underlying architecture of RampDB was designed using best database practices in order to enable rapid retrieval of search results, automated updates and the seamless incorporation of additional features. Database URL:http://rampdb.biology.gatech.edu
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadav Topaz
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, 950 Atlantic Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Nazia Mojib
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, 950 Atlantic Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Aroon T Chande
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, 950 Atlantic Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.,Applied Bioinformatics Laboratory, 950 Atlantic Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Julia Kubanek
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, 950 Atlantic Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.,School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, 901 Atlantic Drive, Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.,Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Dr NW, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - I King Jordan
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, 950 Atlantic Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.,Applied Bioinformatics Laboratory, 950 Atlantic Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.,PanAmerican Bioinformatics Institute, Cali, Valle del Cauca, Colombia
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21
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Gorvin CM. Insights into calcium-sensing receptor trafficking and biased signalling by studies of calcium homeostasis. J Mol Endocrinol 2018; 61:R1-R12. [PMID: 29599414 DOI: 10.1530/jme-18-0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The calcium-sensing receptor (CASR) is a class C G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that detects extracellular calcium concentrations, and modulates parathyroid hormone secretion and urinary calcium excretion to maintain calcium homeostasis. The CASR utilises multiple heterotrimeric G-proteins to mediate signalling effects including activation of intracellular calcium release; mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways; membrane ruffling; and inhibition of cAMP production. By studying germline mutations in the CASR and proteins within its signalling pathway that cause hyper- and hypocalcaemic disorders, novel mechanisms governing GPCR signalling and trafficking have been elucidated. This review focusses on two recently described pathways that provide novel insights into CASR signalling and trafficking mechanisms. The first, identified by studying a CASR gain-of-function mutation that causes autosomal dominant hypocalcaemia (ADH), demonstrated a structural motif located between the third transmembrane domain and the second extracellular loop of the CASR that mediates biased signalling by activating a novel β-arrestin-mediated G-protein-independent pathway. The second, in which the mechanism by which adaptor protein-2 σ-subunit (AP2σ) mutations cause familial hypocalciuric hypercalcaemia (FHH) was investigated, demonstrated that AP2σ mutations impair CASR internalisation and reduce multiple CASR-mediated signalling pathways. Furthermore, these studies showed that the CASR can signal from the cell surface using multiple G-protein pathways, whilst sustained signalling is mediated only by the Gq/11 pathway. Thus, studies of FHH- and ADH-associated mutations have revealed novel steps by which CASR mediates signalling and compartmental bias, and these pathways could provide new targets for therapies for patients with calcaemic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline M Gorvin
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism (CEDAM), Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK
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22
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Satb2 ablation decreases PTZ-induced seizure susceptibility and pyramidal neuronal excitability. Brain Res 2018; 1695:102-107. [PMID: 29750936 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Special AT-rich sequence-binding protein 2 (Satb2) is a transcriptional regulator and people with SATB2 mutation or duplication could display epilepsy. However, whether Satb2 is related with epilepsy and its mechanisms are largely unexplored. Here we found that the expression of Satb2 was decreased following the neuronal hyperactivities. Ablation of Satb2 in mice would decrease incidence and stage of seizure induced by intraperitoneal injection of pentylenetetrazol (PTZ). At cellular levels, we found pyramidal neuronal excitability and excitatory synaptic inputs in CA1 were decreased in Satb2 mutant mice. Taking together, we proved that deletion of Satb2 in mice increased PTZ seizure threshold probably by modulating neuronal excitability.
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23
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Interrelated role of Klotho and calcium-sensing receptor in parathyroid hormone synthesis and parathyroid hyperplasia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E3749-E3758. [PMID: 29618612 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1717754115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of parathyroid gland hyperplasia is poorly understood, and a better understanding is essential if there is to be improvement over the current strategies for prevention and treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism. Here we investigate the specific role of Klotho expressed in the parathyroid glands (PTGs) in mediating parathyroid hormone (PTH) and serum calcium homeostasis, as well as the potential interaction between calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) and Klotho. We generated mouse strains with PTG-specific deletion of Klotho and CaSR and dual deletion of both genes. We show that ablating CaSR in the PTGs increases PTH synthesis, that Klotho has a pivotal role in suppressing PTH in the absence of CaSR, and that CaSR together with Klotho regulates PTH biosynthesis and PTG growth. We utilized the tdTomato gene in our mice to visualize and collect PTGs to reveal an inhibitory function of Klotho on PTG cell proliferation. Chronic hypocalcemia and ex vivo PTG culture demonstrated an independent role for Klotho in mediating PTH secretion. Moreover, we identify an interaction between PTG-expressed CaSR and Klotho. These findings reveal essential and interrelated functions for CaSR and Klotho during parathyroid hyperplasia.
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24
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Gorvin CM, Babinsky VN, Malinauskas T, Nissen PH, Schou AJ, Hanyaloglu AC, Siebold C, Jones EY, Hannan FM, Thakker RV. A calcium-sensing receptor mutation causing hypocalcemia disrupts a transmembrane salt bridge to activate β-arrestin-biased signaling. Sci Signal 2018; 11:eaan3714. [PMID: 29463778 PMCID: PMC6166785 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aan3714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that signals through Gq/11 and Gi/o to stimulate cytosolic calcium (Ca2+i) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling to control extracellular calcium homeostasis. Studies of loss- and gain-of-function CASR mutations, which cause familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia type 1 (FHH1) and autosomal dominant hypocalcemia type 1 (ADH1), respectively, have revealed that the CaSR signals in a biased manner. Thus, some mutations associated with FHH1 lead to signaling predominantly through the MAPK pathway, whereas mutations associated with ADH1 preferentially enhance Ca2+i responses. We report a previously unidentified ADH1-associated R680G CaSR mutation, which led to the identification of a CaSR structural motif that mediates biased signaling. Expressing CaSRR680G in HEK 293 cells showed that this mutation increased MAPK signaling without altering Ca2+i responses. Moreover, this gain of function in MAPK activity occurred independently of Gq/11 and Gi/o and was mediated instead by a noncanonical pathway involving β-arrestin proteins. Homology modeling and mutagenesis studies showed that the R680G CaSR mutation selectively enhanced β-arrestin signaling by disrupting a salt bridge formed between Arg680 and Glu767, which are located in CaSR transmembrane domain 3 and extracellular loop 2, respectively. Thus, our results demonstrate CaSR signaling through β-arrestin and the importance of the Arg680-Glu767 salt bridge in mediating signaling bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline M Gorvin
- Academic Endocrine Unit, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK
| | - Valerie N Babinsky
- Academic Endocrine Unit, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK
| | - Tomas Malinauskas
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Peter H Nissen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aarhus University Hospital, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Anders J Schou
- Hans Christian Andersen Children's Hospital, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Aylin C Hanyaloglu
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Christian Siebold
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - E Yvonne Jones
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Fadil M Hannan
- Academic Endocrine Unit, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK.
- Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK
| | - Rajesh V Thakker
- Academic Endocrine Unit, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK.
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25
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Bartuzi D, Kaczor AA, Matosiuk D. Signaling within Allosteric Machines: Signal Transmission Pathways Inside G Protein-Coupled Receptors. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22071188. [PMID: 28714871 PMCID: PMC6152049 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22071188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, our understanding of function of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) has changed from a picture of simple signal relays, transmitting only a particular signal to a particular G protein heterotrimer, to versatile machines, capable of various responses to different stimuli and being modulated by various factors. Some recent reports provide not only the data on ligands/modulators and resultant signals induced by them, but also deeper insights into exact pathways of signal migration and mechanisms of signal transmission through receptor structure. Combination of these computational and experimental data sheds more light on underlying mechanisms of signal transmission and signaling bias in GPCRs. In this review we focus on available clues on allosteric pathways responsible for complex signal processing within GPCRs structures, with particular emphasis on linking compatible in silico- and in vitro-derived data on the most probable allosteric connections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian Bartuzi
- Department of Synthesis and Chemical Technology of Pharmaceutical Substances with Computer Modelling Lab, Medical University of Lublin, 4A Chodźki Str., Lublin PL20093, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka A Kaczor
- Department of Synthesis and Chemical Technology of Pharmaceutical Substances with Computer Modelling Lab, Medical University of Lublin, 4A Chodźki Str., Lublin PL20093, Poland.
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1, P.O. Box 1627, Kuopio FI-70211, Finland.
| | - Dariusz Matosiuk
- Department of Synthesis and Chemical Technology of Pharmaceutical Substances with Computer Modelling Lab, Medical University of Lublin, 4A Chodźki Str., Lublin PL20093, Poland.
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26
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Routledge SJ, Ladds G, Poyner DR. The effects of RAMPs upon cell signalling. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 449:12-20. [PMID: 28390954 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) play a vital role in signal transduction. It is now clear that numerous other molecules within the cell and at the cell surface interact with GPCRs to modulate their signalling properties. Receptor activity modifying proteins (RAMPs) are a group of single transmembrane domain proteins which have been predominantly demonstrated to interact with Family B GPCRs, but interactions with Family A and C receptors have recently begun to emerge. These interactions can influence cell surface expression, ligand binding preferences and G protein-coupling, thus modulating GPCR signal transduction. There is still a great deal of research to be conducted into the effects of RAMPs on GPCR signalling; their effects upon Family B GPCRs are still not fully documented, in addition to their potential interactions with Family A and C GPCRs. New interactions could have a significant impact on the development of therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Routledge
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1PD, United Kingdom.
| | - Graham Ladds
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1PD, United Kingdom
| | - David R Poyner
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham B4 7ET, United Kingdom
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27
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Global functions of extracellular, transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains of organic solute transporter β-subunit. Biochem J 2017; 474:1981-1992. [PMID: 28455390 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20161093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Transport of bile acids across the basolateral membrane of the intestinal enterocyte is carried out by the organic solute transporter (Ost) composed of a seven-transmembrane domain (TMD) subunit (Ostα) and an ancillary single TMD subunit (Ostβ). Although previous investigations have demonstrated the importance of the TMD of Ostβ for its activity, further studies were conducted to assess the contributions of other regions of the Ostβ subunit. Transport activity was retained when Ostβ was truncated to contain only the TMD with 15 additional residues on each side and co-expressed with Ostα, whereas shorter fragments were inactive. To probe the broader functions of Ostβ segments, chimeric proteins were constructed in which N-terminal, TMD or C-terminal regions of Ostβ were fused to corresponding regions of receptor activity-modifying protein (RAMP1), a single TMD protein required by several seven-TMD G-protein-coupled receptors including the calcitonin receptor-like receptor (CLR). Ostβ/RAMP1 chimeras were expressed with Ostα and CLR. As expected, replacing the Ostβ TMD abolished transport activity; however, replacing either the entire N-terminal or entire C-terminal domain of Ostβ with RAMP1 sequences did not prevent plasma membrane localization or the ability to support [3H]taurocholate uptake. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments revealed that the C-terminus of Ostβ is a previously unrecognized site of interaction with Ostα. All chimeras containing N-terminal RAMP1 segments allowed co-expressed CLR to respond to agonists with strong increases in cyclic AMP. These results provide new insights into the structure and function of the heteromeric Ost transporter complex.
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28
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Dyukova E, Schreckenberg R, Arens C, Sitdikova G, Schlüter KD. The Role of Calcium-Sensing Receptors in Endothelin-1-Dependent Effects on Adult Rat Ventricular Cardiomyocytes: Possible Contribution to Adaptive Myocardial Hypertrophy. J Cell Physiol 2017; 232:2508-2518. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Dyukova
- Physiologisches Institut; Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen; Giessen Germany
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology; Kazan Federal University; Kazan Russia
| | - Rolf Schreckenberg
- Physiologisches Institut; Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen; Giessen Germany
| | - Christoph Arens
- Physiologisches Institut; Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen; Giessen Germany
| | - Guzel Sitdikova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology; Kazan Federal University; Kazan Russia
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29
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Ringer C, Tune S, Bertoune MA, Schwarzbach H, Tsujikawa K, Weihe E, Schütz B. Disruption of calcitonin gene-related peptide signaling accelerates muscle denervation and dampens cytotoxic neuroinflammation in SOD1 mutant mice. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:339-358. [PMID: 27554772 PMCID: PMC11107523 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2337-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 08/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal motor neuron disease. Neuronal vacuolization and glial activation are pathologic hallmarks in the superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) mouse model of ALS. Previously, we found the neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) associated with vacuolization and astrogliosis in the spinal cord of these mice. We now show that CGRP abundance positively correlated with the severity of astrogliosis, but not vacuolization, in several motor and non-motor areas throughout the brain. SOD1 mice harboring a genetic depletion of the βCGRP isoform showed reduced CGRP immunoreactivity associated with vacuolization, while motor functions, body weight, survival, and astrogliosis were not altered. When CGRP signaling was completely disrupted through genetic depletion of the CGRP receptor component, receptor activity-modifying protein 1 (RAMP1), hind limb muscle denervation, and loss of muscle performance were accelerated, while body weight and survival were not affected. Dampened neuroinflammation, i.e., reduced levels of astrogliosis in the brain stem already in the pre-symptomatic disease stage, and reduced microgliosis and lymphocyte infiltrations during the late disease phase were additional neuropathology features in these mice. On the molecular level, mRNA expression levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and those of the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin 6 (IL-6) were elevated, while those of several pro-inflammatory cytokines found reduced in the brain stem of RAMP1-deficient SOD1 mice at disease end stage. Our results thus identify an important, possibly dual role of CGRP in ALS pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Ringer
- Department of Molecular Neurosciences, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Philipps-University, Robert-Koch-Strasse 8, 35037, Marburg, Germany
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Sarah Tune
- Department of Physiology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Mirjam A Bertoune
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Hans Schwarzbach
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Kazutake Tsujikawa
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Eberhard Weihe
- Department of Molecular Neurosciences, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Philipps-University, Robert-Koch-Strasse 8, 35037, Marburg, Germany.
| | - Burkhard Schütz
- Department of Molecular Neurosciences, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Philipps-University, Robert-Koch-Strasse 8, 35037, Marburg, Germany.
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30
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Receptor activity-modifying proteins; multifunctional G protein-coupled receptor accessory proteins. Biochem Soc Trans 2016; 44:568-73. [PMID: 27068971 DOI: 10.1042/bst20150237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Receptor activity-modifying proteins (RAMPs) are single pass membrane proteins initially identified by their ability to determine the pharmacology of the calcitonin receptor-like receptor (CLR), a family B G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR). It is now known that RAMPs can interact with a much wider range of GPCRs. This review considers recent developments on the structure of the complexes formed between the extracellular domains (ECDs) of CLR and RAMP1 or RAMP2 as these provide insights as to how the RAMPs direct ligand binding. The range of RAMP interactions is also considered; RAMPs can interact with numerous family B GPCRs as well as examples of family A and family C GPCRs. They influence receptor expression at the cell surface, trafficking, ligand binding and G protein coupling. The GPCR-RAMP interface offers opportunities for drug targeting, illustrated by examples of drugs developed for migraine.
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31
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Zhang C, Miller CL, Gorkhali R, Zou J, Huang K, Brown EM, Yang JJ. Molecular Basis of the Extracellular Ligands Mediated Signaling by the Calcium Sensing Receptor. Front Physiol 2016; 7:441. [PMID: 27746744 PMCID: PMC5043022 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ca2+-sensing receptors (CaSRs) play a central role in regulating extracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]o) homeostasis and many (patho)physiological processes in multiple organs. This regulation is orchestrated by a cooperative response to extracellular stimuli such as small changes in Ca2+, Mg2+, amino acids, and other ligands. In addition, CaSR is a pleiotropic receptor regulating several intracellular signaling pathways, including calcium mobilization and intracellular calcium oscillation. Nearly 200 mutations and polymorphisms have been found in CaSR in relation to a variety of human disorders associated with abnormal Ca2+ homeostasis. In this review, we summarize efforts directed at identifying binding sites for calcium and amino acids. Both homotropic cooperativity among multiple calcium binding sites and heterotropic cooperativity between calcium and amino acid were revealed using computational modeling, predictions, and site-directed mutagenesis coupled with functional assays. The hinge region of the bilobed Venus flytrap (VFT) domain of CaSR plays a pivotal role in coordinating multiple extracellular stimuli, leading to cooperative responses from the receptor. We further highlight the extensive number of disease-associated mutations that have also been shown to affect CaSR's cooperative action via several types of mechanisms. These results provide insights into the molecular bases of the structure and functional cooperativity of this receptor and other members of family C of the G protein-coupled receptors (cGPCRs) in health and disease states, and may assist in the prospective development of novel receptor-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Rakshya Gorkhali
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Juan Zou
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kenneth Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Edward M Brown
- Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State UniversityAtlanta, GA, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's HospitalBoston, MA, USA
| | - Jenny J Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University Atlanta, GA, USA
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32
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Kechele DO, Dunworth WP, Trincot CE, Wetzel-Strong SE, Li M, Ma H, Liu J, Caron KM. Endothelial Restoration of Receptor Activity-Modifying Protein 2 Is Sufficient to Rescue Lethality, but Survivors Develop Dilated Cardiomyopathy. Hypertension 2016; 68:667-77. [PMID: 27402918 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.116.07191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
RAMPs (receptor activity-modifying proteins) serve as oligomeric modulators for numerous G-protein-coupled receptors, yet elucidating the physiological relevance of these interactions remains complex. Ramp2 null mice are embryonic lethal, with cardiovascular developmental defects similar to those observed in mice null for canonical adrenomedullin/calcitonin receptor-like receptor signaling. We aimed to genetically rescue the Ramp2(-/-) lethality in order to further delineate the spatiotemporal requirements for RAMP2 function during development and thereby enable the elucidation of an expanded repertoire of RAMP2 functions with family B G-protein-coupled receptors in adult homeostasis. Endothelial-specific expression of Ramp2 under the VE-cadherin promoter resulted in the partial rescue of Ramp2(-/-) mice, demonstrating that endothelial expression of Ramp2 is necessary and sufficient for survival. The surviving Ramp2(-/-) Tg animals lived to adulthood and developed spontaneous hypotension and dilated cardiomyopathy, which was not observed in adult mice lacking calcitonin receptor-like receptor. Yet, the hearts of Ramp2(-/-) Tg animals displayed dysregulation of family B G-protein-coupled receptors, including parathyroid hormone and glucagon receptors, as well as their downstream signaling pathways. These data suggest a functional requirement for RAMP2 in the modulation of additional G-protein-coupled receptor pathways in vivo, which is critical for sustained cardiovascular homeostasis. The cardiovascular importance of RAMP2 extends beyond the endothelium and canonical adrenomedullin/calcitonin receptor-like receptor signaling, in which future studies could elucidate novel and pharmacologically tractable pathways for treating cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel O Kechele
- From the Department of Cell Biology and Physiology (D.O.K., S.E.W.-S., M.L., K.M.C.), Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology (W.P.D., C.E.T., K.M.C.), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (H.M., J.L.), and McAllister Heart Institute (H.M., J.L., K.M.C.), The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
| | - William P Dunworth
- From the Department of Cell Biology and Physiology (D.O.K., S.E.W.-S., M.L., K.M.C.), Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology (W.P.D., C.E.T., K.M.C.), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (H.M., J.L.), and McAllister Heart Institute (H.M., J.L., K.M.C.), The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
| | - Claire E Trincot
- From the Department of Cell Biology and Physiology (D.O.K., S.E.W.-S., M.L., K.M.C.), Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology (W.P.D., C.E.T., K.M.C.), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (H.M., J.L.), and McAllister Heart Institute (H.M., J.L., K.M.C.), The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
| | - Sarah E Wetzel-Strong
- From the Department of Cell Biology and Physiology (D.O.K., S.E.W.-S., M.L., K.M.C.), Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology (W.P.D., C.E.T., K.M.C.), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (H.M., J.L.), and McAllister Heart Institute (H.M., J.L., K.M.C.), The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
| | - Manyu Li
- From the Department of Cell Biology and Physiology (D.O.K., S.E.W.-S., M.L., K.M.C.), Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology (W.P.D., C.E.T., K.M.C.), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (H.M., J.L.), and McAllister Heart Institute (H.M., J.L., K.M.C.), The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
| | - Hong Ma
- From the Department of Cell Biology and Physiology (D.O.K., S.E.W.-S., M.L., K.M.C.), Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology (W.P.D., C.E.T., K.M.C.), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (H.M., J.L.), and McAllister Heart Institute (H.M., J.L., K.M.C.), The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
| | - Jiandong Liu
- From the Department of Cell Biology and Physiology (D.O.K., S.E.W.-S., M.L., K.M.C.), Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology (W.P.D., C.E.T., K.M.C.), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (H.M., J.L.), and McAllister Heart Institute (H.M., J.L., K.M.C.), The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
| | - Kathleen M Caron
- From the Department of Cell Biology and Physiology (D.O.K., S.E.W.-S., M.L., K.M.C.), Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology (W.P.D., C.E.T., K.M.C.), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (H.M., J.L.), and McAllister Heart Institute (H.M., J.L., K.M.C.), The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill.
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J Gingell J, Simms J, Barwell J, Poyner DR, Watkins HA, Pioszak AA, Sexton PM, Hay DL. An allosteric role for receptor activity-modifying proteins in defining GPCR pharmacology. Cell Discov 2016; 2:16012. [PMID: 27462459 PMCID: PMC4869360 DOI: 10.1038/celldisc.2016.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors are allosteric proteins that control transmission of external signals to regulate cellular response. Although agonist binding promotes canonical G protein signalling transmitted through conformational changes, G protein-coupled receptors also interact with other proteins. These include other G protein-coupled receptors, other receptors and channels, regulatory proteins and receptor-modifying proteins, notably receptor activity-modifying proteins (RAMPs). RAMPs have at least 11 G protein-coupled receptor partners, including many class B G protein-coupled receptors. Prototypic is the calcitonin receptor, with altered ligand specificity when co-expressed with RAMPs. To gain molecular insight into the consequences of this protein–protein interaction, we combined molecular modelling with mutagenesis of the calcitonin receptor extracellular domain, assessed in ligand binding and functional assays. Although some calcitonin receptor residues are universally important for peptide interactions (calcitonin, amylin and calcitonin gene-related peptide) in calcitonin receptor alone or with receptor activity-modifying protein, others have RAMP-dependent effects, whereby mutations decreased amylin/calcitonin gene-related peptide potency substantially only when RAMP was present. Remarkably, the key residues were completely conserved between calcitonin receptor and AMY receptors, and between subtypes of AMY receptor that have different ligand preferences. Mutations at the interface between calcitonin receptor and RAMP affected ligand pharmacology in a RAMP-dependent manner, suggesting that RAMP may allosterically influence the calcitonin receptor conformation. Supporting this, molecular dynamics simulations suggested that the calcitonin receptor extracellular N-terminal domain is more flexible in the presence of receptor activity-modifying protein 1. Thus, RAMPs may act in an allosteric manner to generate a spectrum of unique calcitonin receptor conformational states, explaining the pharmacological preferences of calcitonin receptor-RAMP complexes. This provides novel insight into our understanding of G protein-coupled receptor-protein interaction that is likely broadly applicable for this receptor class.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph J Gingell
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - John Simms
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University , Birmingham, UK
| | - James Barwell
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University , Birmingham, UK
| | - David R Poyner
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University , Birmingham, UK
| | - Harriet A Watkins
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Augen A Pioszak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center , Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Patrick M Sexton
- Drug Discovery Biology and Department of Pharmacology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University , Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Debbie L Hay
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Abstract
Communication between cells in a multicellular organism occurs by the production of ligands (proteins, peptides, fatty acids, steroids, gases, and other low-molecular-weight compounds) that are either secreted by cells or presented on their surface, and act on receptors on, or in, other target cells. Such signals control cell growth, migration, survival, and differentiation. Signaling receptors can be single-span plasma membrane receptors associated with tyrosine or serine/threonine kinase activities, proteins with seven transmembrane domains, or intracellular receptors. Ligand-activated receptors convey signals into the cell by activating signaling pathways that ultimately affect cytosolic machineries or nuclear transcriptional programs or by directly translocating to the nucleus to regulate transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl-Henrik Heldin
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-75124 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Benson Lu
- The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, Gene Expression Laboratory, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Ron Evans
- The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, Gene Expression Laboratory, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - J Silvio Gutkind
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-4340
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Klein KR, Matson BC, Caron KM. The expanding repertoire of receptor activity modifying protein (RAMP) function. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2016; 51:65-71. [PMID: 26740457 DOI: 10.3109/10409238.2015.1128875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Receptor activity modifying proteins (RAMPs) associate with G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) at the plasma membrane and together bind a variety of peptide ligands, serving as a communication interface between the extracellular and intracellular environments. The collection of RAMP-interacting GPCRs continues to expand and now consists of GPCRs from families A, B and C, suggesting that RAMP activity is extremely prevalent. RAMP association with GPCRs can regulate GPCR function by altering ligand binding, receptor trafficking and desensitization, and downstream signaling pathways. Here, we elaborate on these RAMP-dependent mechanisms of GPCR regulation, which provide opportunities for pharmacological intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kathleen M Caron
- a Department of Cell Biology & Physiology and.,b Department of Genetics , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , NC , USA
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Hudson BD. Using Biosensors to Study Free Fatty Acid Receptor Pharmacology and Function. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2016; 236:79-100. [PMID: 27757763 DOI: 10.1007/164_2016_58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The free fatty acid (FFA) family of G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) has generated significant interest for exploiting its members as potential drug targets. However, unravelling the complex pharmacology of this family of receptors has proven challenging. In recent years the use of biosensor technologies capable of assessing biological functions in living cells, and in real time, has greatly enhanced our ability to study GPCR pharmacology and function. These include genetically encoded sensors that change the intensity or wavelength of light emitted from a bioluminescent or fluorescent protein in response to a stimulus, as well as non-genetically encoded sensors able to measure more global cellular changes, such as mass redistribution within a cell. This chapter will examine how these sensors can be used to study GPCRs, and in particular how they are helping uncover the pharmacology of the FFA family of receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian D Hudson
- Centre for Translational Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.
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Abstract
It is now recognized that G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), once considered largely independent functional units, have a far more diverse molecular architecture. Receptor activity-modifying proteins (RAMPs) provide an important example of proteins that interact with GPCRs to modify their function. RAMPs are able to act as pharmacological switches and chaperones, and they can regulate signaling and/or trafficking in a receptor-dependent manner. This review covers recent discoveries in the RAMP field and summarizes the known GPCR partners and functions of RAMPs. We also discuss the first peptide-bound structures of RAMP-GPCR complexes, which give insight into the molecular mechanisms that enable RAMPs to alter the pharmacology and signaling of GPCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debbie L Hay
- School of Biological Sciences and Maurice Wilkins Center, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand;
| | - Augen A Pioszak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104;
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Liu C, Wu GQ, Fu XW, Mo XH, Zhao LH, Hu HM, Zhu SE, Hou YP. The Extracellular Calcium-Sensing Receptor (CASR) Regulates Gonadotropins-Induced Meiotic Maturation of Porcine Oocytes. Biol Reprod 2015; 93:131. [PMID: 26490840 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.115.128579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gonadotropins and epidermal growth factor (EGF) play crucial roles in promoting oocyte maturation. The regulatory network downstream of these key factors is not well understood. The present study was designed to investigate the role of the calcium-sensing receptor (CASR) in porcine oocyte in vitro maturation. CASR expression was up-regulated in oocytes matured in gonadotropin-containing medium. Cortical distribution of CASR was enhanced with gonadotropins but not EGF. Supplementation of a CASR agonist (NPS R-568) in the gonadotropin (FSH and/or LH)-containing maturation medium significantly enhanced oocyte nuclear maturation. Addition of NPS2390, a CASR antagonist, compromised oocyte nuclear maturation. Furthermore, increased cortical distribution and decreased expression of CASR was observed after the NPS R-568 treatment. Oocytes treated with NPS R-568 had higher concentration of CYCLIN B1, decreased reactive oxygen species, and increased glutathione levels, indicative of advanced cytoplasmic maturation. In contrast, NPS2390 treatment compromised oocyte cytoplasmic maturation. A higher blastocyst formation rate after parthenogenetic activation was observed when oocytes were matured in the presence of the CASR agonist, NPS R-568. MAPK3/1 phosphorylation was increased during in vitro maturation and after NPS R-568 treatment, and decreased following CASR antagonist supplementation. Taken together, our data showed that the CASR is a gonadotropin-regulated factor that promotes porcine oocyte maturation in a MAPK-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Guo-Quan Wu
- Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiang-Wei Fu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xian-Hong Mo
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Hong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hong-Mei Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shi-En Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yun-Peng Hou
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Sesay JS, Gyapong RNK, Najafi LT, Kabler SL, Diz DI, Howlett AC, Awumey EM. Gαi/o-dependent Ca(2+) mobilization and Gαq-dependent PKCα regulation of Ca(2+)-sensing receptor-mediated responses in N18TG2 neuroblastoma cells. Neurochem Int 2015; 90:142-51. [PMID: 26190181 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2015.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Revised: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
A functional Ca(2+)-sensing receptor (CaS) is expressed endogenously in mouse N18TG2 neuroblastoma cells, and sequence analysis of the cDNA indicates high homology with both rat and human parathyroid CaS cDNAs. The CaS in N18TG2 cells appears as a single immunoreactive protein band at about 150 kDa on Western blots, consistent with native CaS from dorsal root ganglia. Both wild type (WT) and Gαq antisense knock-down (KD) cells responded to Ca(2+) and calindol, a positive allosteric modulator of the CaS, with a transient increase in intracellular Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)]i), which was larger in the Gαq KD cells. Stimulation with 1 mM extracellular Ca(2+) (Ca(2+)e) increased [Ca(2+)]i in N18TG2 Gαq KD compared to WT cells. Ca(2+) mobilization was dependent on pertussis toxin-sensitive Gαi/o proteins and reduced by 30 μM 2-amino-ethyldiphenyl borate and 50 μM nifedipine to the same plateau levels in both cell types. Membrane-associated PKCα and p-PKCα increased with increasing [Ca(2+)]e in WT cells, but decreased in Gαq KD cells. Treatment of cells with 1 μM Gӧ 6976, a Ca(2+)-specific PKC inhibitor reduced Ca(2+) mobilization and membrane-associated PKCα and p-PKCα in both cell types. The results indicate that the CaS-mediated increase in [Ca(2+)]i in N18TG2 cells is dependent on Gαi/o proteins via inositol-1,4,5-triphosphate (IP3) channels and store-operated Ca(2+) entry channels, whereas modulation of CaS responses involving PKCα phosphorylation and translocation to the plasma membrane occurs via a Gαq mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S Sesay
- Cardiovascular Disease Research Program, Julius L Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA; Department of Biology, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Reginald N K Gyapong
- Cardiovascular Disease Research Program, Julius L Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA
| | - Leila T Najafi
- Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Sandra L Kabler
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Debra I Diz
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; Hypertension & Vascular Research Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Allyn C Howlett
- Department of Biology, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA; Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; Hypertension & Vascular Research Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Emmanuel M Awumey
- Cardiovascular Disease Research Program, Julius L Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA; Department of Biology, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; Hypertension & Vascular Research Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
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40
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Booe J, Walker CS, Barwell J, Kuteyi G, Simms J, Jamaluddin M, Warner M, Bill R, Harris P, Brimble M, Poyner D, Hay D, Pioszak A. Structural Basis for Receptor Activity-Modifying Protein-Dependent Selective Peptide Recognition by a G Protein-Coupled Receptor. Mol Cell 2015; 58:1040-52. [PMID: 25982113 PMCID: PMC4504005 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2015.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Revised: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Association of receptor activity-modifying proteins (RAMP1-3) with the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) calcitonin receptor-like receptor (CLR) enables selective recognition of the peptides calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and adrenomedullin (AM) that have diverse functions in the cardiovascular and lymphatic systems. How peptides selectively bind GPCR:RAMP complexes is unknown. We report crystal structures of CGRP analog-bound CLR:RAMP1 and AM-bound CLR:RAMP2 extracellular domain heterodimers at 2.5 and 1.8 Å resolutions, respectively. The peptides similarly occupy a shared binding site on CLR with conformations characterized by a β-turn structure near their C termini rather than the α-helical structure common to peptides that bind related GPCRs. The RAMPs augment the binding site with distinct contacts to the variable C-terminal peptide residues and elicit subtly different CLR conformations. The structures and accompanying pharmacology data reveal how a class of accessory membrane proteins modulate ligand binding of a GPCR and may inform drug development targeting CLR:RAMP complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason M. Booe
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Christopher S. Walker
- School of Biological Sciences and Maurice Wilkins Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - James Barwell
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK
| | - Gabriel Kuteyi
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK
| | - John Simms
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK
| | - Muhammad A. Jamaluddin
- School of Biological Sciences and Maurice Wilkins Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Margaret L. Warner
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Roslyn M. Bill
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK
| | - Paul W. Harris
- School of Chemical Sciences and Maurice Wilkins Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Margaret A. Brimble
- School of Chemical Sciences and Maurice Wilkins Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - David R. Poyner
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK
| | - Debbie L. Hay
- School of Biological Sciences and Maurice Wilkins Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Augen A. Pioszak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA,Corresponding author
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Regulation of GPCR Anterograde Trafficking by Molecular Chaperones and Motifs. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2015; 132:289-305. [PMID: 26055064 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2015.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) make up a superfamily of integral membrane proteins that respond to a wide variety of extracellular stimuli, giving them an important role in cell function and survival. They have also proven to be valuable targets in the fight against various diseases. As such, GPCR signal regulation has received considerable attention over the last few decades. With the amplitude of signaling being determined in large part by receptor density at the plasma membrane, several endogenous mechanisms for modulating GPCR expression at the cell surface have come to light. It has been shown that cell surface expression is determined by both exocytic and endocytic processes. However, the body of knowledge surrounding GPCR trafficking from the endoplasmic reticulum to the plasma membrane, commonly known as anterograde trafficking, has considerable room for growth. We focus here on the current paradigms of anterograde GPCR trafficking. We will discuss the regulatory role of both the general and "nonclassical private" chaperone systems in GPCR trafficking as well as conserved motifs that serve as modulators of GPCR export from the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus. Together, these topics summarize some of the known mechanisms by which the cell regulates anterograde GPCR trafficking.
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42
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van der Westhuizen ET, Valant C, Sexton PM, Christopoulos A. Endogenous Allosteric Modulators of G Protein–Coupled Receptors. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2015; 353:246-60. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.114.221606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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Nag K, Sultana N, Kato A, Dranik A, Nakamura N, Kutsuzawa K, Hirose S, Akaike T. Ligand-induced internalization, recycling, and resensitization of adrenomedullin receptors depend not on CLR or RAMP alone but on the receptor complex as a whole. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2015; 212:156-62. [PMID: 24815888 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2014.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Adrenomedullins (AM) is a multifaceted distinct subfamily of peptides that belongs to the calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) superfamily. These peptides exert their functional activities via associations of calcitonin receptor-like receptors (CLRs) and receptor activity-modifying proteins (RAMPs) RAMP2 and RAMP3. Recent studies established that RAMPs and CLRs can modify biochemical properties such as trafficking and glycosylation of each other. However there is very little or no understanding regarding how RAMP or CLR influence ligand-induced events of AM-receptor complex. In this study, using pufferfish homologs of CLR (mfCLR1-3) and RAMP (mfRAMP2 and mfRAMP3), we revealed that all combinations of CLR and RAMP quickly underwent ligand-induced internalization; however, their recycling rates were different as follows: mfCLR1-mfRAMP3>mfCLR2-mfRAMP3>mfCLR3-mfRAMP3. Functional receptor assay confirmed that the recycled receptors were resensitized on the plasma membrane. In contrast, a negligible amount of mfCLR1-mfRAMP2 was recycled and reconstituted. Immunocytochemistry results indicated that the lower recovery rate of mfCLR3-mfRAMP3 and mfCLR1-mfRAMP2 was correlated with higher proportion of lysosomal localization of these receptor complexes compared to the other combinations. Collectively our results indicate, for the first time, that the ligand-induced internalization, recycling, and reconstitution properties of RAMP-CLR receptor complexes depend on the receptor-complex as a whole, and not on individual CLR or RAMP alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kakon Nag
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259-B19 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan; Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, 1200 Main St. W. Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada; Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259-B19 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan.
| | - Naznin Sultana
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259-B19 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
| | - Akira Kato
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259-B19 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
| | - Anna Dranik
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, 1200 Main St. W. Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Nobuhiro Nakamura
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259-B19 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
| | - Koichi Kutsuzawa
- Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259-B19 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
| | - Shigehisa Hirose
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259-B19 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Akaike
- Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259-B19 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
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Zhang C, Miller CL, Brown EM, Yang JJ. The calcium sensing receptor: from calcium sensing to signaling. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2015; 58:14-27. [DOI: 10.1007/s11427-014-4779-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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45
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Hernández-Bedolla MA, Carretero-Ortega J, Valadez-Sánchez M, Vázquez-Prado J, Reyes-Cruz G. Chemotactic and proangiogenic role of calcium sensing receptor is linked to secretion of multiple cytokines and growth factors in breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2015; 1853:166-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2014.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Revised: 10/11/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Huang S, Ren Y, Wang P, Li Y, Wang X, Zhuang H, Fang R, Wang Y, Liu N, Hehir M, Zhou JX. Transcription Factor CREB is Involved in CaSR-mediated Cytoskeleton Gene Expression. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2014; 298:501-12. [PMID: 25382680 DOI: 10.1002/ar.23089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuaishuai Huang
- Department of Medical School; Ningbo University; Ningbo 315211 China
- Department of the Center for Translational Medicine; The Affiliated Hospital, Ningbo University School of Medicine; Ningbo 315020 China
| | - Yu Ren
- Department of Urologic Surgery; Ningbo Urology and Nephrology Hospital, Ningbo University; Ningbo 315000 China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Medical School; Ningbo University; Ningbo 315211 China
- Department of the Center for Translational Medicine; The Affiliated Hospital, Ningbo University School of Medicine; Ningbo 315020 China
| | - Yanyuan Li
- Department of Pathology; First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine; Hangzhou P.R.310003 China
| | - Xue Wang
- Department of Medical School; Ningbo University; Ningbo 315211 China
- Department of the Center for Translational Medicine; The Affiliated Hospital, Ningbo University School of Medicine; Ningbo 315020 China
| | - Haihui Zhuang
- Department of Medical School; Ningbo University; Ningbo 315211 China
- Department of the Center for Translational Medicine; The Affiliated Hospital, Ningbo University School of Medicine; Ningbo 315020 China
| | - Rong Fang
- Department of Medical School; Ningbo University; Ningbo 315211 China
- Department of the Center for Translational Medicine; The Affiliated Hospital, Ningbo University School of Medicine; Ningbo 315020 China
| | - Yuduo Wang
- Department of Medical School; Ningbo University; Ningbo 315211 China
| | - Ningsheng Liu
- Department of Medical School; Ningbo University; Ningbo 315211 China
| | - Michael Hehir
- Department of Medical School; Ningbo University; Ningbo 315211 China
- Department of the Center for Translational Medicine; The Affiliated Hospital, Ningbo University School of Medicine; Ningbo 315020 China
| | - Jeff X. Zhou
- Department of Medical School; Ningbo University; Ningbo 315211 China
- Department of the Center for Translational Medicine; The Affiliated Hospital, Ningbo University School of Medicine; Ningbo 315020 China
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Tao YX, Conn PM. Chaperoning G protein-coupled receptors: from cell biology to therapeutics. Endocr Rev 2014; 35:602-47. [PMID: 24661201 PMCID: PMC4105357 DOI: 10.1210/er.2013-1121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are membrane proteins that traverse the plasma membrane seven times (hence, are also called 7TM receptors). The polytopic structure of GPCRs makes the folding of GPCRs difficult and complex. Indeed, many wild-type GPCRs are not folded optimally, and defects in folding are the most common cause of genetic diseases due to GPCR mutations. Both general and receptor-specific molecular chaperones aid the folding of GPCRs. Chemical chaperones have been shown to be able to correct the misfolding in mutant GPCRs, proving to be important tools for studying the structure-function relationship of GPCRs. However, their potential therapeutic value is very limited. Pharmacological chaperones (pharmacoperones) are potentially important novel therapeutics for treating genetic diseases caused by mutations in GPCR genes that resulted in misfolded mutant proteins. Pharmacoperones also increase cell surface expression of wild-type GPCRs; therefore, they could be used to treat diseases that do not harbor mutations in GPCRs. Recent studies have shown that indeed pharmacoperones work in both experimental animals and patients. High-throughput assays have been developed to identify new pharmacoperones that could be used as therapeutics for a number of endocrine and other genetic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Xiong Tao
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology (Y.-X.T.), College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849-5519; and Departments of Internal Medicine and Cell Biology (P.M.C.), Texas Tech University Health Science Center, Lubbock, Texas 79430-6252
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48
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Gilbert CE, Zuckerman DM, Currier PL, Machamer CE. Three basic residues of intracellular loop 3 of the beta-1 adrenergic receptor are required for golgin-160-dependent trafficking. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:2929-45. [PMID: 24566136 PMCID: PMC3958891 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15022929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Revised: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Golgin-160 is a member of the golgin family of proteins, which have been implicated in the maintenance of Golgi structure and in vesicle tethering. Golgin-160 is atypical; it promotes post-Golgi trafficking of specific cargo proteins, including the β-1 adrenergic receptor (β1AR), a G protein-coupled receptor. Here we show that golgin-160 binds directly to the third intracellular loop of β1AR and that this binding depends on three basic residues in this loop. Mutation of the basic residues does not affect trafficking of β1AR from the endoplasmic reticulum through the Golgi complex, but results in reduced steady-state levels at the plasma membrane. We hypothesize that golgin-160 promotes incorporation of β1AR into specific transport carriers at the trans-Golgi network to ensure efficient delivery to the cell surface. These results add to our understanding of the biogenesis of β1AR, and suggest a novel point of regulation for its delivery to the plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine E Gilbert
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 725 N. Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - David M Zuckerman
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Pamela L Currier
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 725 N. Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Carolyn E Machamer
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 725 N. Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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G protein-coupled receptors: what a difference a 'partner' makes. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:1112-42. [PMID: 24441568 PMCID: PMC3907859 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15011112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Revised: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are important cell signaling mediators, involved in essential physiological processes. GPCRs respond to a wide variety of ligands from light to large macromolecules, including hormones and small peptides. Unfortunately, mutations and dysregulation of GPCRs that induce a loss of function or alter expression can lead to disorders that are sometimes lethal. Therefore, the expression, trafficking, signaling and desensitization of GPCRs must be tightly regulated by different cellular systems to prevent disease. Although there is substantial knowledge regarding the mechanisms that regulate the desensitization and down-regulation of GPCRs, less is known about the mechanisms that regulate the trafficking and cell-surface expression of newly synthesized GPCRs. More recently, there is accumulating evidence that suggests certain GPCRs are able to interact with specific proteins that can completely change their fate and function. These interactions add on another level of regulation and flexibility between different tissue/cell-types. Here, we review some of the main interacting proteins of GPCRs. A greater understanding of the mechanisms regulating their interactions may lead to the discovery of new drug targets for therapy.
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Desai AJ, Roberts DJ, Richards GO, Skerry TM. Role of receptor activity modifying protein 1 in function of the calcium sensing receptor in the human TT thyroid carcinoma cell line. PLoS One 2014; 9:e85237. [PMID: 24454825 PMCID: PMC3890319 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The Calcium Sensing Receptor (CaSR) plays a role in calcium homeostasis by sensing minute changes in serum Ca(2+) and modulating secretion of calciotropic hormones. It has been shown in transfected cells that accessory proteins known as Receptor Activity Modifying Proteins (RAMPs), specifically RAMPs 1 and 3, are required for cell-surface trafficking of the CaSR. These effects have only been demonstrated in transfected cells, so their physiological relevance is unclear. Here we explored CaSR/RAMP interactions in detail, and showed that in thyroid human carcinoma cells, RAMP1 is required for trafficking of the CaSR. Furthermore, we show that normal RAMP1 function is required for intracellular responses to ligands. Specifically, to confirm earlier studies with tagged constructs, and to provide the additional benefit of quantitative stoichiometric analysis, we used fluorescence resonance energy transfer to show equal abilities of RAMP1 and 3 to chaperone CaSR to the cell surface, though RAMP3 interacted more efficiently with the receptor. Furthermore, a higher fraction of RAMP3 than RAMP1 was observed in CaSR-complexes on the cell-surface, suggesting different ratios of RAMPs to CaSR. In order to determine relevance of these findings in an endogenous expression system we assessed the effect of RAMP1 siRNA knock-down in medullary thyroid carcinoma TT cells, (which express RAMP1, but not RAMP3 constitutively) and measured a significant 50% attenuation of signalling in response to CaSR ligands Cinacalcet and neomycin. Blockade of RAMP1 using specific antibodies induced a concentration-dependent reduction in CaSR-mediated signalling in response to Cinacalcet in TT cells, suggesting a novel functional role for RAMP1 in regulation of CaSR signalling in addition to its known role in receptor trafficking. These data provide evidence that RAMPs traffic the CaSR as higher-level oligomers and play a role in CaSR signalling even after cell surface localisation has occurred.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya J. Desai
- The Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, Department of Human Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - David J. Roberts
- The Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, Department of Human Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Gareth O. Richards
- The Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, Department of Human Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy M. Skerry
- The Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, Department of Human Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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