1
|
Abedsaeidi M, Hojjati F, Tavassoli A, Sahebkar A. Biology of Tenascin C and its Role in Physiology and Pathology. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:2706-2731. [PMID: 37021423 DOI: 10.2174/0929867330666230404124229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Tenascin-C (TNC) is a multimodular extracellular matrix (ECM) protein hexameric with several molecular forms (180-250 kDa) produced by alternative splicing at the pre-mRNA level and protein modifications. The molecular phylogeny indicates that the amino acid sequence of TNC is a well-conserved protein among vertebrates. TNC has binding partners, including fibronectin, collagen, fibrillin-2, periostin, proteoglycans, and pathogens. Various transcription factors and intracellular regulators tightly regulate TNC expression. TNC plays an essential role in cell proliferation and migration. Unlike embryonic tissues, TNC protein is distributed over a few tissues in adults. However, higher TNC expression is observed in inflammation, wound healing, cancer, and other pathological conditions. It is widely expressed in a variety of human malignancies and is recognized as a pivotal factor in cancer progression and metastasis. Moreover, TNC increases both pro-and anti-inflammatory signaling pathways. It has been identified as an essential factor in tissue injuries such as damaged skeletal muscle, heart disease, and kidney fibrosis. This multimodular hexameric glycoprotein modulates both innate and adaptive immune responses regulating the expression of numerous cytokines. Moreover, TNC is an important regulatory molecule that affects the onset and progression of neuronal disorders through many signaling pathways. We provide a comprehensive overview of the structural and expression properties of TNC and its potential functions in physiological and pathological conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Malihehsadat Abedsaeidi
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Hojjati
- Division of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amin Tavassoli
- Division of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Rousselle P, Laigle C, Rousselet G. The basement membrane in epidermal polarity, stemness, and regeneration. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 323:C1807-C1822. [PMID: 36374168 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00069.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The epidermis is a specialized epithelium that constitutes the outermost layer of the skin, and it provides a protective barrier against environmental assaults. Primarily consisting of multilayered keratinocytes, the epidermis is continuously renewed by proliferation of stem cells and the differentiation of their progeny, which undergo terminal differentiation as they leave the basal layer and move upward toward the surface, where they die and slough off. Basal keratinocytes rest on a basement membrane at the dermal-epidermal junction that is composed of specific extracellular matrix proteins organized into interactive and mechanically supportive networks. Firm attachment of basal keratinocytes, and their dynamic regulation via focal adhesions and hemidesmosomes, is essential for maintaining major skin processes, such as self-renewal, barrier function, and resistance to physical and chemical stresses. The adhesive integrin receptors expressed by epidermal cells serve structural, signaling, and mechanosensory roles that are critical for epidermal cell anchorage and tissue homeostasis. More specifically, the basement membrane components play key roles in preserving the stem cell pool, and establishing cell polarity cues enabling asymmetric cell divisions, which result in the transition from a proliferative basal cell layer to suprabasal cells committed to terminal differentiation. Finally, through a well-regulated sequence of synthesis and remodeling, the components of the dermal-epidermal junction play an essential role in regeneration of the epidermis during skin healing. Here too, they provide biological and mechanical signals that are essential to the restoration of barrier function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Rousselle
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et Ingénierie Thérapeutique, UMR 5305, CNRS, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Chloé Laigle
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et Ingénierie Thérapeutique, UMR 5305, CNRS, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Gaelle Rousselet
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et Ingénierie Thérapeutique, UMR 5305, CNRS, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tucker RP, Degen M. Revisiting the Tenascins: Exploitable as Cancer Targets? Front Oncol 2022; 12:908247. [PMID: 35785162 PMCID: PMC9248440 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.908247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
For their full manifestation, tumors require support from the surrounding tumor microenvironment (TME), which includes a specific extracellular matrix (ECM), vasculature, and a variety of non-malignant host cells. Together, these components form a tumor-permissive niche that significantly differs from physiological conditions. While the TME helps to promote tumor progression, its special composition also provides potential targets for anti-cancer therapy. Targeting tumor-specific ECM molecules and stromal cells or disrupting aberrant mesenchyme-cancer communications might normalize the TME and improve cancer treatment outcome. The tenascins are a family of large, multifunctional extracellular glycoproteins consisting of four members. Although each have been described to be expressed in the ECM surrounding cancer cells, tenascin-C and tenascin-W are currently the most promising candidates for exploitability and clinical use as they are highly expressed in various tumor stroma with relatively low abundance in healthy tissues. Here, we review what is known about expression of all four tenascin family members in tumors, followed by a more thorough discussion on tenascin-C and tenascin-W focusing on their oncogenic functions and their potential as diagnostic and/or targetable molecules for anti-cancer treatment purposes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard P. Tucker
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Martin Degen
- Laboratory for Oral Molecular Biology, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Martin Degen,
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
The Extracellular Matrix Proteins Tenascin-C and Tenascin-R Retard Oligodendrocyte Precursor Maturation and Myelin Regeneration in a Cuprizone-Induced Long-Term Demyelination Animal Model. Cells 2022; 11:cells11111773. [PMID: 35681468 PMCID: PMC9179356 DOI: 10.3390/cells11111773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Oligodendrocytes are the myelinating cells of the central nervous system. The physiological importance of oligodendrocytes is highlighted by diseases such as multiple sclerosis, in which the myelin sheaths are degraded and the axonal signal transmission is compromised. In a healthy brain, spontaneous remyelination is rare, and newly formed myelin sheaths are thinner and shorter than the former ones. The myelination process requires the migration, proliferation, and differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) and is influenced by proteins of the extracellular matrix (ECM), which consists of a network of glycoproteins and proteoglycans. In particular, the glycoprotein tenascin-C (Tnc) has an inhibitory effect on the differentiation of OPCs and the remyelination efficiency of oligodendrocytes. The structurally similar tenascin-R (Tnr) exerts an inhibitory influence on the formation of myelin membranes in vitro. When Tnc knockout oligodendrocytes were applied to an in vitro myelination assay using artificial fibers, a higher number of sheaths per single cell were obtained compared to the wild-type control. This effect was enhanced by adding brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) to the culture system. Tnr−/− oligodendrocytes behaved differently in that the number of formed sheaths per single cell was decreased, indicating that Tnr supports the differentiation of OPCs. In order to study the functions of tenascin proteins in vivo Tnc−/− and Tnr−/− mice were exposed to Cuprizone-induced demyelination for a period of 10 weeks. Both Tnc−/− and Tnr−/− mouse knockout lines displayed a significant increase in the regenerating myelin sheath thickness after Cuprizone treatment. Furthermore, in the absence of either tenascin, the number of OPCs was increased. These results suggest that the fine-tuning of myelin regeneration is regulated by the major tenascin proteins of the CNS.
Collapse
|
5
|
Toll-like Receptor 4, Osteoblasts and Leukemogenesis; the Lesson from Acute Myeloid Leukemia. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27030735. [PMID: 35163998 PMCID: PMC8838156 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is a pattern-recognizing receptor that can bind exogenous and endogenous ligands. It is expressed by acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells, several bone marrow stromal cells, and nonleukemic cells involved in inflammation. TLR4 can bind a wide range of endogenous ligands that are present in the bone marrow microenvironment. Furthermore, the TLR4-expressing nonleukemic bone marrow cells include various mesenchymal cells, endothelial cells, differentiated myeloid cells, and inflammatory/immunocompetent cells. Osteoblasts are important stem cell supporting cells localized to the stem cell niches, and they support the proliferation and survival of primary AML cells. These supporting effects are mediated by the bidirectional crosstalk between AML cells and supportive osteoblasts through the local cytokine network. Finally, TLR4 is also important for the defense against complicating infections in neutropenic patients, and it seems to be involved in the regulation of inflammatory and immunological reactions in patients treated with allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Thus, TLR4 has direct effects on primary AML cells, and it has indirect effects on the leukemic cells through modulation of their supporting neighboring bone marrow stromal cells (i.e., modulation of stem cell niches, regulation of angiogenesis). Furthermore, in allotransplant recipients TLR4 can modulate inflammatory and potentially antileukemic immune reactivity. The use of TLR4 targeting as an antileukemic treatment will therefore depend both on the biology of the AML cells, the biological context of the AML cells, aging effects reflected both in the AML and the stromal cells and the additional antileukemic treatment combined with HSP90 inhibition.
Collapse
|
6
|
Nikoloudaki G. Functions of Matricellular Proteins in Dental Tissues and Their Emerging Roles in Orofacial Tissue Development, Maintenance, and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126626. [PMID: 34205668 PMCID: PMC8235165 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Matricellular proteins (MCPs) are defined as extracellular matrix (ECM) associated proteins that are important regulators and integrators of microenvironmental signals, contributing to the dynamic nature of ECM signalling. There is a growing understanding of the role of matricellular proteins in cellular processes governing tissue development as well as in disease pathogenesis. In this review, the expression and functions of different MP family members (periostin, CCNs, TSPs, SIBLINGs and others) are presented, specifically in relation to craniofacial development and the maintenance of orofacial tissues, including bone, gingiva, oral mucosa, palate and the dental pulp. As will be discussed, each MP family member has been shown to have non-redundant roles in development, tissue homeostasis, wound healing, pathology and tumorigenesis of orofacial and dental tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Nikoloudaki
- Schulich Dentistry Department, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada; ; Tel.: +1-519-661-2111 (ext. 81102)
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Van Mechelen M, Lories R. Tenascin-C, a novel target to inhibit new bone formation in axial spondyloarthritis, linked with inflammation, mechanical strain and tissue damage. Ann Rheum Dis 2021; 80:823-824. [PMID: 33990317 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-220443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Margot Van Mechelen
- Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Centre, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Rheumatology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rik Lories
- Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Centre, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium .,Rheumatology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Li Z, Chen S, Cui H, Li X, Chen D, Hao W, Wang J, Li Z, Zheng Z, Zhang Z, Liu H. Tenascin-C-mediated suppression of extracellular matrix adhesion force promotes entheseal new bone formation through activation of Hippo signalling in ankylosing spondylitis. Ann Rheum Dis 2021; 80:891-902. [PMID: 33858850 PMCID: PMC8237173 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-220002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Objectives The aim of this study was to identify the role of tenascin-C (TNC) in entheseal new bone formation and to explore the underlying molecular mechanism. Methods Ligament tissue samples were obtained from patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) during surgery. Collagen antibody-induced arthritis and DBA/1 models were established to observe entheseal new bone formation. TNC expression was determined by immunohistochemistry staining. Systemic inhibition or genetic ablation of TNC was performed in animal models. Mechanical properties of extracellular matrix (ECM) were measured by atomic force microscopy. Downstream pathway of TNC was analysed by RNA sequencing and confirmed with pharmacological modulation both in vitro and in vivo. Cellular source of TNC was analysed by single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and confirmed by immunofluorescence staining. Results TNC was aberrantly upregulated in ligament and entheseal tissues from patients with AS and animal models. TNC inhibition significantly suppressed entheseal new bone formation. Functional assays revealed that TNC promoted new bone formation by enhancing chondrogenic differentiation during endochondral ossification. Mechanistically, TNC suppressed the adhesion force of ECM, resulting in the activation of downstream Hippo/yes-associated protein signalling, which in turn increased the expression of chondrogenic genes. scRNA-seq and immunofluorescence staining further revealed that TNC was majorly secreted by fibroblast-specific protein-1 (FSP1)+fibroblasts in the entheseal inflammatory microenvironment. Conclusion Inflammation-induced aberrant expression of TNC by FSP1+fibroblasts promotes entheseal new bone formation by suppressing ECM adhesion forces and activating Hippo signalling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Li
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Siwen Chen
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Haowen Cui
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Dongying Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenjun Hao
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianru Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zemin Li
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhaomin Zheng
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhongping Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China .,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Orend G, Tucker RP. Did Tenascin-C Co-Evolve With the General Immune System of Vertebrates? Front Immunol 2021; 12:663902. [PMID: 33912190 PMCID: PMC8071991 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.663902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Tenascin-C plays important roles in immunity. Toll-like receptor 4, integrin α9β1 and chemokines have already been identified as key players in executing the immune regulatory functions of tenascin-C. Tenascin-C is also found in reticular fibers in lymphoid tissues, which are major sites involved in the regulation of adaptive immunity. Did the “tool box” for reading and interpreting the immune-regulating instructions imposed by tenascins and tenascin-C co-evolve? Though the extracellular matrix is ancient, tenascins evolved relatively recently. Tenascin-like genes are first encountered in cephalochordates and urochordates, which are widely accepted as the early branching chordate lineages. Vertebrates lacking jaws like the lamprey have tenascins, but a tenascin gene that clusters in the tenascin-C clade first appears in cartilaginous fish. Adaptive immunity apparently evolved independently in jawless and jawed vertebrates, with the former using variable lymphocyte receptors for antigen recognition, and the latter using immunoglobulins. Thus, while tenascins predate the appearance of adaptive immunity, the first tenascin-C appears to have evolved in the first organisms with immunoglobulin-based adaptive immunity. While a C-X-C chemokine is present in the lamprey, C-C chemokines also appear in the first organisms with immunoglobulin-based adaptive immunity, as does the major histocompatibility complex, T-cell receptors, Toll-like receptor 4 and integrin α9β1. Given the importance of tenascin-C in inflammatory events, the co-evolution of tenascin-C and key elements of adaptive and innate immunity is suggestive of a fundamental role for this extracellular matrix glycoprotein in the immune response of jawed vertebrates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gertraud Orend
- Inserm U1109, The Tumor Microenvironment Laboratory, INSERM UMR_S 1109, Faculté de Médecine, Hopital Civil, Institut d'Hématologie et d'Immunologie, Strasbourg, France.,Université Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
| | - Richard P Tucker
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Taye N, Karoulias SZ, Hubmacher D. The "other" 15-40%: The Role of Non-Collagenous Extracellular Matrix Proteins and Minor Collagens in Tendon. J Orthop Res 2020; 38:23-35. [PMID: 31410892 PMCID: PMC6917864 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) determines the physiological function of all tissues, including musculoskeletal tissues. In tendon, ECM provides overall tissue architecture, which is tailored to match the biomechanical requirements of their physiological function, that is, force transmission from muscle to bone. Tendon ECM also constitutes the microenvironment that allows tendon-resident cells to maintain their phenotype and that transmits biomechanical forces from the macro-level to the micro-level. The structure and function of adult tendons is largely determined by the hierarchical organization of collagen type I fibrils. However, non-collagenous ECM proteins such as small leucine-rich proteoglycans (SLRPs), ADAMTS proteases, and cross-linking enzymes play critical roles in collagen fibrillogenesis and guide the hierarchical bundling of collagen fibrils into tendon fascicles. Other non-collagenous ECM proteins such as the less abundant collagens, fibrillins, or elastin, contribute to tendon formation or determine some of their biomechanical properties. The interfascicular matrix or endotenon and the outer layer of tendons, the epi- and paratenon, includes collagens and non-collagenous ECM proteins, but their function is less well understood. The ECM proteins in the epi- and paratenon may provide the appropriate microenvironment to maintain the identity of distinct tendon cell populations that are thought to play a role during repair processes after injury. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the role of non-collagenous ECM proteins and less abundant collagens in tendon development and homeostasis. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 38:23-35, 2020.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nandaraj Taye
- Leni & Peter W. May Department of Orthopaedics, Orthopaedic Research LaboratoriesIcahn School of Medicine at Mt. SinaiNew York New York 10029
| | - Stylianos Z. Karoulias
- Leni & Peter W. May Department of Orthopaedics, Orthopaedic Research LaboratoriesIcahn School of Medicine at Mt. SinaiNew York New York 10029
| | - Dirk Hubmacher
- Leni & Peter W. May Department of Orthopaedics, Orthopaedic Research LaboratoriesIcahn School of Medicine at Mt. SinaiNew York New York 10029
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Haage V, Elmadany N, Roll L, Faissner A, Gutmann DH, Semtner M, Kettenmann H. Tenascin C regulates multiple microglial functions involving TLR4 signaling and HDAC1. Brain Behav Immun 2019; 81:470-483. [PMID: 31271872 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2019.06.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Tenascin C (Tnc) is an extracellular matrix glycoprotein, expressed in the CNS during development, as well as in the setting of inflammation, fibrosis and cancer, which operates as an activator of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). Although TLR4 is highly expressed in microglia, the effect of Tnc on microglia has not been elucidated to date. Herein, we demonstrate that Tnc regulates microglial phagocytic activity at an early postnatal age (P4), and that this process is partially dependent on microglial TLR4 expression. We further show that Tnc regulates proinflammatory cytokine/chemokine production, chemotaxis and phagocytosis in primary microglia in a TLR4-dependent fashion. Moreover, Tnc induces histone-deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) expression in microglia, such that HDAC1 inhibition by MS-275 decreases Tnc-induced microglial IL-6 and TNF-α production. Finally, Tnc-/- cortical microglia have reduced HDAC1 expression levels at P4. Taken together, these findings establish Tnc as a regulator of microglia function during early postnatal development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Verena Haage
- Cellular Neurosciences, Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin 13125, Germany
| | - Nirmeen Elmadany
- Cellular Neurosciences, Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin 13125, Germany
| | - Lars Roll
- Zellmorphologie und Molekulare Neurobiologie, Fakultät für Biologie und Biotechnologie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Nordrhein-Wastfalen 44801, Germany
| | - Andreas Faissner
- Zellmorphologie und Molekulare Neurobiologie, Fakultät für Biologie und Biotechnologie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Nordrhein-Wastfalen 44801, Germany
| | - David H Gutmann
- Cellular Neurosciences, Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin 13125, Germany; Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Marcus Semtner
- Cellular Neurosciences, Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin 13125, Germany
| | - Helmut Kettenmann
- Cellular Neurosciences, Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin 13125, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abdala-Valencia H, Coden ME, Chiarella SE, Jacobsen EA, Bochner BS, Lee JJ, Berdnikovs S. Shaping eosinophil identity in the tissue contexts of development, homeostasis, and disease. J Leukoc Biol 2018; 104:95-108. [PMID: 29656559 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.1mr1117-442rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Eosinophils play homeostatic roles in different tissues and are found in several organs at a homeostatic baseline, though their tissue numbers increase significantly in development and disease. The morphological, phenotypical, and functional plasticity of recruited eosinophils are influenced by the dynamic tissue microenvironment changes between homeostatic, morphogenetic, and disease states. Activity of the epithelial-mesenchymal interface, extracellular matrix, hormonal inputs, metabolic state of the environment, as well as epithelial and mesenchymal-derived innate cytokines and growth factors all have the potential to regulate the attraction, retention, in situ hematopoiesis, phenotype, and function of eosinophils. This review examines the reciprocal relationship between eosinophils and such tissue factors, specifically addressing: (1) tissue microenvironments associated with the presence and activity of eosinophils; (2) non-immune tissue ligands regulatory for eosinophil accumulation, hematopoiesis, phenotype, and function (with an emphasis on the extracellular matrix and epithelial-mesenchymal interface); (3) the contribution of eosinophils to regulating tissue biology; (4) eosinophil phenotypic heterogeneity in different tissue microenvironments, classifying eosinophils as progenitors, steady state eosinophils, and Type 1 and 2 activated phenotypes. An appreciation of eosinophil regulation by non-immune tissue factors is necessary for completing the picture of eosinophil immune activation and understanding the functional contribution of these cells to development, homeostasis, and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiam Abdala-Valencia
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Mackenzie E Coden
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Sergio E Chiarella
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Jacobsen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
| | - Bruce S Bochner
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - James J Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
| | - Sergejs Berdnikovs
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Murdamoothoo D, Schwenzer A, Kant J, Rupp T, Marzeda A, Midwood K, Orend G. Investigating cell-type specific functions of tenascin-C. Methods Cell Biol 2017; 143:401-428. [PMID: 29310789 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2017.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix molecule tenascin-C (TNC) has received a lot of attention since its discovery 30 years ago because of its multiple roles in tissue repair, and in pathologies such as chronic inflammation, fibrosis, and cancer. Mouse models with high or no TNC expression have enabled the validation of key roles for TNC in immunity and angiogenesis. In parallel, many approaches including primary cell or organ cultures have shed light on the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which TNC exerts its multiple actions in vivo. Here, we will describe assays that investigate its antiadhesive properties and that measure the effect of TNC on the actin cytoskeleton, cell survival, proliferation, and migration. We will also describe assays to assess the impact of TNC on endothelial and immune cells in cell and organ culture, and to compare the responses of fibroblasts from normal and diseased tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Devadarssen Murdamoothoo
- Inserm U1109, The Microenvironmental Niche in Tumorigenesis and Targeted Therapy (MNT3) Team, Strasbourg, France; Université de Strasbourg, LabEx Medalis, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
| | - Anja Schwenzer
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jessica Kant
- Inserm U1109, The Microenvironmental Niche in Tumorigenesis and Targeted Therapy (MNT3) Team, Strasbourg, France; Université de Strasbourg, LabEx Medalis, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
| | - Tristan Rupp
- Inserm U1109, The Microenvironmental Niche in Tumorigenesis and Targeted Therapy (MNT3) Team, Strasbourg, France; Université de Strasbourg, LabEx Medalis, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
| | - Anna Marzeda
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Kim Midwood
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
| | - Gertraud Orend
- Inserm U1109, The Microenvironmental Niche in Tumorigenesis and Targeted Therapy (MNT3) Team, Strasbourg, France; Université de Strasbourg, LabEx Medalis, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Stamenkovic V, Milenkovic I, Galjak N, Todorovic V, Andjus P. Enriched environment alters the behavioral profile of tenascin-C deficient mice. Behav Brain Res 2017; 331:241-253. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.05.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2017] [Revised: 05/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
15
|
Effects of Tenascin-C Knockout on Cerebral Vasospasm After Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Mice. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:1951-1958. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0466-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
16
|
Bhattacharyya S, Wang W, Morales-Nebreda L, Feng G, Wu M, Zhou X, Lafyatis R, Lee J, Hinchcliff M, Feghali-Bostwick C, Lakota K, Budinger GRS, Raparia K, Tamaki Z, Varga J. Tenascin-C drives persistence of organ fibrosis. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11703. [PMID: 27256716 PMCID: PMC4895803 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The factors responsible for maintaining persistent organ fibrosis in systemic sclerosis (SSc) are not known but emerging evidence implicates toll-like receptors (TLRs) in the pathogenesis of SSc. Here we show the expression, mechanism of action and pathogenic role of endogenous TLR activators in skin from patients with SSc, skin fibroblasts, and in mouse models of organ fibrosis. Levels of tenascin-C are elevated in SSc skin biopsy samples, and serum and SSc fibroblasts, and in fibrotic skin tissues from mice. Exogenous tenascin-C stimulates collagen gene expression and myofibroblast transformation via TLR4 signalling. Mice lacking tenascin-C show attenuation of skin and lung fibrosis, and accelerated fibrosis resolution. These results identify tenascin-C as an endogenous danger signal that is upregulated in SSc and drives TLR4-dependent fibroblast activation, and by its persistence impedes fibrosis resolution. Disrupting this fibrosis amplification loop might be a viable strategy for the treatment of SSc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Swati Bhattacharyya
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
| | - Wenxia Wang
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
| | | | - Gang Feng
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
| | - Minghua Wu
- University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Xiaodong Zhou
- University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Robert Lafyatis
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Jungwha Lee
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
| | - Monique Hinchcliff
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
| | | | - Katja Lakota
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
| | - G. R. Scott Budinger
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
| | - Kirtee Raparia
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
| | - Zenshiro Tamaki
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
| | - John Varga
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Olave N, Lal CV, Halloran B, Pandit K, Cuna AC, Faye-Petersen OM, Kelly DR, Nicola T, Benos PV, Kaminski N, Ambalavanan N. Regulation of alveolar septation by microRNA-489. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2015; 310:L476-87. [PMID: 26719145 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00145.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRs) are small conserved RNA that regulate gene expression. Bioinformatic analysis of miRNA profiles during mouse lung development indicated a role for multiple miRNA, including miRNA-489. miR-489 increased on completion of alveolar septation [postnatal day 42 (P42)], associated with decreases in its conserved target genes insulin-like growth factor-1 (Igf1) and tenascin C (Tnc). We hypothesized that dysregulation of miR-489 and its target genes Igf1 and Tnc contribute to hyperoxia-induced abnormal lung development. C57BL/6 mice were exposed to normoxia (21%) or hyperoxia (85% O2) from P4 to P14, in combination with intranasal locked nucleic acid against miR-489 to inhibit miR-489, cytomegalovirus promoter (pCMV)-miR-489 to overexpress miR-489, or empty vector. Hyperoxia reduced miR-489 and increased Igf1 and Tnc. Locked nucleic acid against miR-489 improved lung development during hyperoxia and did not alter it during normoxia, whereas miR-489 overexpression inhibited lung development during normoxia. The 3' untranslated region in vitro reporter studies confirmed Igf1 and Tnc as targets of miR-489. While miR-489 was of epithelial origin and present in exosomes, its targets Igf1 and Tnc were produced by fibroblasts. Infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) had reduced lung miR-489 and increased Igf1 and Tnc compared with normal preterm or term infants. These results suggest increased miR-489 is an inhibitor of alveolar septation. During hyperoxia or BPD, reduced miR-489 and increased Igf1 and Tnc may be inadequate attempts at compensation. Further inhibition of miR-489 may permit alveolar septation to proceed. The use of specific miRNA antagonists or agonists may be a therapeutic strategy for inhibited alveolarization, such as in BPD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nelida Olave
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Charitharth V Lal
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Brian Halloran
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Kusum Pandit
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Alain C Cuna
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Ona M Faye-Petersen
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - David R Kelly
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Teodora Nicola
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Panayiotis V Benos
- Department of Computational & Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and
| | - Naftali Kaminski
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Namasivayam Ambalavanan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama;
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
Extracellular matrix proteins of the tenascin family resemble each other in their domain structure, and also share functions in modulating cell adhesion and cellular responses to growth factors. Despite these common features, the 4 vertebrate tenascins exhibit vastly different expression patterns. Tenascin-R is specific to the central nervous system. Tenascin-C is an “oncofetal” protein controlled by many stimuli (growth factors, cytokines, mechanical stress), but with restricted occurrence in space and time. In contrast, tenascin-X is a constituitive component of connective tissues, and its level is barely affected by external factors. Finally, the expression of tenascin-W is similar to that of tenascin-C but even more limited. In accordance with their highly regulated expression, the promoters of the tenascin-C and -W genes contain TATA boxes, whereas those of the other 2 tenascins do not. This article summarizes what is currently known about the complex transcriptional regulation of the 4 tenascin genes in development and disease.
Collapse
Key Words
- AKT, v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog
- ALK, anaplastic lymphoma kinase
- AP-1, activator protein-1
- ATF, activating transcription factor
- BMP, bone morphogenetic protein
- CBP, CREB binding protein
- CREB, cAMP response element-binding protein
- CREB-RP, CREB-related protein
- CYP21A2, cytochrome P450 family 21 subfamily A polypeptide 2
- ChIP, chromatin immunoprecipitation
- EBS, Ets binding site
- ECM, extracellular matrix
- EGF, epidermal growth factor
- ERK1/2, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2
- ETS, E26 transformation-specific
- EWS-ETS, Ewing sarcoma-Ets fusion protein
- Evx1, even skipped homeobox 1
- FGF, fibroblast growth factor
- HBS, homeodomain binding sequence
- IL, interleukin
- ILK, integrin-linked kinase
- JAK, Janus kinase
- JNK, c-Jun N-terminal kinase
- MHCIII, major histocompatibility complex class III
- MKL1, megakaryoblastic leukemia-1
- NFκB, nuclear factor kappa B
- NGF, nerve growth factor; NFAT, nuclear factor of activated T-cells
- OTX2, orthodenticle homolog 2
- PDGF, platelet-derived growth factor
- PI3K, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase
- POU3F2, POU domain class 3 transcription factor 2
- PRRX1, paired-related homeobox 1
- RBPJk, recombining binding protein suppressor of hairless
- ROCK, Rho-associated, coiled-coil-containing protein kinase
- RhoA, ras homolog gene family member A
- SAP, SAF-A/B, Acinus, and PIAS
- SCX, scleraxix
- SEAP, secreted alkaline phosphatase
- SMAD, small body size - mothers against decapentaplegic
- SOX4, sex determining region Y-box 4
- SRE, serum response element
- SRF, serum response factor
- STAT, signal transducer and activator of transcription
- TGF-β, transforming growth factor-β
- TNC, tenascin-C
- TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α
- TNR, tenascin-R
- TNW, tenascin-W
- TNX, tenascin-X
- TSS, transcription start site
- UTR, untranslated region
- WNT, wingless-related integration site
- cancer
- cytokine
- development
- extracellular matrix
- gene promoter
- gene regulation
- glucocorticoid
- growth factor
- homeobox gene
- matricellular
- mechanical stress
- miR, micro RNA
- p38 MAPK, p38 mitogen activated protein kinase
- tenascin
- transcription factor
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Chiovaro
- a Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research ; Basel , Switzerland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Abstract
Tenascin-C is a large, multimodular, extracellular matrix glycoprotein that exhibits a very restricted pattern of expression but an enormously diverse range of functions. Here, we discuss the importance of deciphering the expression pattern of, and effects mediated by, different forms of this molecule in order to fully understand tenascin-C biology. We focus on both post transcriptional and post translational events such as splicing, glycosylation, assembly into a 3D matrix and proteolytic cleavage, highlighting how these modifications are key to defining tenascin-C function.
Collapse
Key Words
- AD1/AD2, additional domain 1/ additional domain 2
- ADAMTS, a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs
- ASMCs, aortic smooth muscle cells
- BDNF, brain derived neurotrophic factor
- BHKs, baby hamster kidney cells
- BMP, bone morphogenetic protein
- CA19–9, carbohydrate antigen 19–9
- CALEB, chicken acidic leucine-rich EGF-like domain containing brain protein
- CEA, carcinoembryonic antigen
- CNS, central nervous system
- CRC, colorectal carcinomas
- CTGF, connective tissue growth factor
- DCIS, ductal carcinoma in-situ
- ECM, extracellular matrix
- EDA-FN, extra domain A containing fibronectin
- EDB-FN, extra domain B containing fibronectin
- EGF-L, epidermal growth factor-like
- EGF-R, epidermal growth factor receptor
- ELISPOT, enzyme-linked immunospot assay
- FBG, fibrinogen-like globe
- FGF2, fibroblast growth factor 2
- FGF4, fibroblast growth factor 4
- FN, fibronectin
- FNIII, fibronectin type III-like repeat
- GMEM, glioma-mesenchymal extracellular matrix antigen
- GPI, glycosylphosphatidylinositol
- HB-EGF, heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor
- HCEs, immortalized human corneal epithelial cell line
- HGF, hepatocyte growth factor
- HNK-1, human natural killer-1
- HSPGs, heparan sulfate proteoglycans
- HUVECs, human umbilical vein endothelial cells
- ICC, immunocytochemistry
- IF, immunofluorescence
- IFNγ, interferon gamma
- IGF, insulin-like growth factor
- IGF-BP, insulin-like growth factor-binding protein
- IHC, immunohistochemistry
- IL, interleukin
- ISH, in situ hybridization
- LPS, lipopolysaccharide
- MMP, matrix metalloproteinase
- MPNSTs, malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors
- Mr, molecular mass
- NB, northern blot
- NF-kB, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells
- NK, natural killer cells
- NSCLC, non-small cell lung carcinoma
- NSCs, neural stem cells
- NT, neurotrophin
- PAMPs, pathogen-associated molecular patterns
- PDGF, platelet derived growth factor
- PDGF-Rβ, platelet derived growth factor receptor β
- PIGF, phosphatidylinositol-glycan biosynthesis class F protein
- PLCγ, phospholipase-C gamma
- PNS, peripheral nervous system
- PTPRζ1, receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase zeta
- RA, rheumatoid arthritis
- RCC, renal cell carcinoma
- RD, rhabdomyosarcoma
- RGD, arginylglycylaspartic acid
- RT-PCR, real-time polymerase chain reaction
- SB, Southern blot
- SCC, squamous cell carcinoma
- SMCs, smooth muscle cells
- SVZ, sub-ventricular zone
- TA, tenascin assembly domain
- TGFβ, transforming growth factor β
- TIMP, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases
- TLR4, toll-like receptor 4
- TNFα, tumor necrosis factor α
- TSS, transcription start site
- UBC, urothelial bladder cancer
- UCC, urothelial cell carcinoma
- VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor
- VSMCs, vascular smooth muscle cells
- VZ, ventricular zone
- WB, immunoblot/ western blot
- bFGF, basic fibroblast growth factor
- biosynthesis
- c, charged
- cancer
- ccRCC, clear cell renal cell carcinoma
- chRCC, chromophobe-primary renal cell carcinoma
- development
- glycosylation
- mAb, monoclonal antibody
- matrix assembly
- mitogen-activated protein kinase, MAPK
- pHo, extracellular pH
- pRCC, papillary renal cell carcinoma
- proteolytic cleavage
- siRNA, small interfering RNA
- splicing
- tenascin-C
- therapeutics
- transcription
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sean P Giblin
- a Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics; Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences ; Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology; University of Oxford ; Oxford , UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Benbow JH, Thompson KJ, Cope HL, Brandon-Warner E, Culberson CR, Bossi KL, Li T, Russo MW, Gersin KS, McKillop IH, deLemos AS, Schrum LW. Diet-Induced Obesity Enhances Progression of Hepatocellular Carcinoma through Tenascin-C/Toll-Like Receptor 4 Signaling. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2015; 186:145-58. [PMID: 26603137 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2015.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Revised: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is an independent risk factor for the development of liver fibrosis/cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Tenascin-C (TnC), an extracellular matrix protein, is transiently expressed during tissue injury and plays a role in fibrogenesis and tumorigenesis. However, the mechanistic role of TnC signaling in the development of HCC remains unknown. We developed a diet-induced obesity HCC mouse model and examined TnC expression and liver injury. To determine the cellular mechanism of TnC signaling in promoting inflammation and hepatocyte epithelial-mesenchymal transition and migration, we used primary hepatocytes and hepatoma and macrophage cell lines. Further, to determine whether elevated TnC expression correlated with obesity-associated HCC, we measured plasma TnC in obese patients with various levels of liver injury. Increased tissue inflammation accompanied with elevated hepatic stellate cell-derived TnC and Toll-like receptor 4 expression was observed in the diet-induced obesity HCC animal model. In vitro studies found enhanced Toll-like receptor 4 signaling activated by TnC, promoting an increased inflammatory response, hepatocyte transformation, and migration. Further, obese patients with cirrhosis alone and in combination with HCC showed significant increases in plasma TnC compared with healthy volunteers and patients with less severe liver injury. Overall, these studies suggest TnC/Toll-like receptor 4 signaling as an important regulator in HCC; inhibiting this signaling axis may be a viable therapeutic target for impeding HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer H Benbow
- Department of Internal Medicine, Liver Pathobiology Laboratory, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, North Carolina
| | - Kyle J Thompson
- Department of Surgery, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, North Carolina
| | - Heidi L Cope
- Department of Internal Medicine, Liver Pathobiology Laboratory, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, North Carolina
| | - Elizabeth Brandon-Warner
- Department of Internal Medicine, Liver Pathobiology Laboratory, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, North Carolina
| | - Catherine R Culberson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Liver Pathobiology Laboratory, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, North Carolina
| | - Krista L Bossi
- Center for Liver Diseases and Liver Transplant, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, North Carolina
| | - Ting Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Liver Pathobiology Laboratory, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, North Carolina
| | - Mark W Russo
- Center for Liver Diseases and Liver Transplant, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, North Carolina
| | - Keith S Gersin
- Department of Surgery, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, North Carolina
| | - Iain H McKillop
- Department of Surgery, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, North Carolina
| | - Andrew S deLemos
- Center for Liver Diseases and Liver Transplant, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, North Carolina
| | - Laura W Schrum
- Department of Internal Medicine, Liver Pathobiology Laboratory, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, North Carolina.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Sato R, Fukuoka H, Yokohama-Tamaki T, Kaku M, Shibata S. Immunohistochemical localization of tenascin-C in rat periodontal ligament with reference to alveolar bone remodeling. Anat Sci Int 2015; 91:196-206. [PMID: 25957016 DOI: 10.1007/s12565-015-0285-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the immunohistochemical localization of tenascin-C in 8-week-old rat periodontal ligaments. Tenascin-C immunoreactivity was detected in zones along with cementum and alveolar bone, and more intensely on the resorption surface of alveolar bone than on the formation surface. On the resorbing surface, tenascin-C immunoreactivity was detected in Howship's lacunae without osteoclasts, and in the interfibrous space of the periodontal ligaments, indicating that this molecule works as an adhesion molecule between bone and fibers of periodontal ligaments. Upon experimental tooth movement by inserting elastic bands (Waldo method), the physiological resorption surface of alveolar bone under compressive force showed enhanced bone resorption and enhanced tenascin-C immunoreactivity. However, on the physiological bone formation surface under compressive force, bone resorption was seen only occasionally, and no enhanced tenascin-C immunoreactivity was noted. In an experiment involving excessive occlusal loading to rat molars, transient bone resorption occurred within interradicular septa, but no enhanced tenascin-C immunoreactivity was seen in the periodontal ligaments. These results indicate that tenascin-C works effectively on the bone resorbing surface of physiological alveolar bone remodeling sites, rather than on the non-physiological transient bone resorbing surface. Fibronectin immunoreactivity was distributed evenly in the periodontal ligaments under experimental conditions. Co-localization of tenascin-C and fibronectin immunoreactivity was observed in many regions, but mutually exclusive expression patterns were also seen in some regions, indicating that fibronectin might not be directly involved in alveolar bone remodeling, but may play a role via interaction with tenascin-C.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rei Sato
- Maxillofacial Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan
| | - Hiroki Fukuoka
- Maxillofacial Orthognatics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tamaki Yokohama-Tamaki
- Maxillofacial Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan
| | - Masaru Kaku
- Division of Bio-Prosthodontics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Shunichi Shibata
- Maxillofacial Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Tsai HL, Chiu WT, Fang CL, Hwang SM, Renshaw PF, Lai WFT. Different forms of tenascin-C with tenascin-R regulate neural differentiation in bone marrow-derived human mesenchymal stem cells. Tissue Eng Part A 2015; 20:1908-21. [PMID: 24829055 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2013.0188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are currently thought to transdifferentiate into neural lineages under specific microenvironments. Studies have reported that the tenascin family members, tenascin-C (TnC) and tenascin-R (TnR), regulate differentiation and migration, in addition to neurite outgrowth and survival in numerous types of neurons and mesenchymal progenitor cells. However, the mechanisms by which TnC and TnR affect neuronal differentiation are not well understood. In this study, we hypothesized that different forms of tenascin might regulate the neural transdifferentiation of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Human MSCs were cultured in media incorporated with soluble tenascins, or on precoated tenascins. In a qualitative polymerase chain reaction analysis, adding a soluble TnC and TnR mixture to the medium significantly enhanced the expression of neuronal and glial markers, whereas no synaptic markers were expressed. Conversely, in groups of cells treated with coated TnC, hMSCs showed neurite outgrowth and synaptic marker expression. After being treated with coated TnR, hMSCs exhibited neuronal differentiation; however, it inhibited neurite outgrowth and synaptic marker expression. A combination of TnC and TnR significantly promoted hMSC differentiation in neurons or oligodendrocytes, induced neurite formation, and inhibited differentiation into astrocytes. Furthermore, the effect of the tenascin mixture showed dose-dependent effects, and a mixture ratio of 1:1 to 1:2 (TnC:TnR) provided the most obvious differentiation of neurons and oligodendrocytes. In a functional blocking study, integrin α7 and α9β1-blocking antibodies inhibited, respectively, 80% and 20% of mRNA expression by hMSCs in the coated tenascin mixture. In summary, the coated combination of TnC and TnR appeared to regulate neural differentiation signaling through integrin α7 and α9β1 in bone marrow-derived hMSCs. Our findings demonstrate novel mechanisms by which tenascin regulates neural differentiation, and enable the use of cell therapy to treat neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Li Tsai
- 1 Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Taipei Medical University , Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Duval C, Zaniolo K, Leclerc S, Salesse C, Guérin SL. Characterization of the human α9 integrin subunit gene: Promoter analysis and transcriptional regulation in ocular cells. Exp Eye Res 2015; 135:146-63. [PMID: 25746835 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2015.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Revised: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
α9β1 is the most recent addition to the integrin family of membrane receptors and consequently remains the one that is the least characterized. To better understand how transcription of the human gene encoding the α9 subunit is regulated, we cloned the α9 promoter and characterized the regulatory elements that are required to ensure its transcription. Transfection of α9 promoter/CAT plasmids in primary cultured human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs) and uveal melanoma cell lines demonstrated the presence of both negative and positive regulatory elements along the α9 promoter and positioned the basal α9 promoter to within 118 bp from the α9 mRNA start site. In vitro DNaseI footprinting and in vivo ChIP analyses demonstrated the binding of the transcription factors Sp1, c-Myb and NFI to the most upstream α9 negative regulatory element. The transcription factors Sp1 and NFI were found to bind the basal α9 promoter individually but Sp1 binding clearly predominates when both transcription factors are present in the same extract. Suppression of Sp1 expression through RNAi also caused a dramatic reduction in the expression of the α9 gene. Most of all, addition of tenascin-C (TNC), the ligand of α9β1, to the tissue culture plates prior to seeding HCECs increased α9 transcription whereas it simultaneously decreased expression of the α5 integrin subunit gene. This dual regulatory action of TNC on the transcription of the α9 and α5 genes suggests that both these integrins must work together to appropriately regulate cell adhesion, migration and differentiation that are hallmarks of tissue wound healing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Céline Duval
- Centre Universitaire d'Ophtalmologie-Recherche, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement, Centre de Recherche FRQS du CHU de Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Karine Zaniolo
- Centre Universitaire d'Ophtalmologie-Recherche, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement, Centre de Recherche FRQS du CHU de Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Steeve Leclerc
- Centre Universitaire d'Ophtalmologie-Recherche, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement, Centre de Recherche FRQS du CHU de Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Christian Salesse
- Centre Universitaire d'Ophtalmologie-Recherche, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement, Centre de Recherche FRQS du CHU de Québec, Québec, Canada; Département d'Ophtalmologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Sylvain L Guérin
- Centre Universitaire d'Ophtalmologie-Recherche, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement, Centre de Recherche FRQS du CHU de Québec, Québec, Canada; Département d'Ophtalmologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Naghdi P, Tiraihi T, Ganji F, Darabi S, Taheri T, Kazemi H. Survival, proliferation and differentiation enhancement of neural stem cells cultured in three-dimensional polyethylene glycol-RGD hydrogel with tenascin. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2014; 10:199-208. [DOI: 10.1002/term.1958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Revised: 07/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pejman Naghdi
- Shefa Neuroscience Research Centre; Khatam Al-Anbia Hospital; Tehran Iran
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences; Tarbiat Modares University; Tehran Iran
| | - Taki Tiraihi
- Shefa Neuroscience Research Centre; Khatam Al-Anbia Hospital; Tehran Iran
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences; Tarbiat Modares University; Tehran Iran
| | - Fariba Ganji
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering; Tarbiat Modares University; Tehran Iran
| | - Shehram Darabi
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine; Qazvin University of Medical Sciences; Qazvin Iran
| | - Taher Taheri
- Shefa Neuroscience Research Centre; Khatam Al-Anbia Hospital; Tehran Iran
| | - Hadi Kazemi
- Shefa Neuroscience Research Centre; Khatam Al-Anbia Hospital; Tehran Iran
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Lin J, Shigdar S, Fang DZ, Xiang D, Wei MQ, Danks A, Kong L, Li L, Qiao L, Duan W. Improved efficacy and reduced toxicity of doxorubicin encapsulated in sulfatide-containing nanoliposome in a glioma model. PLoS One 2014; 9:e103736. [PMID: 25072631 PMCID: PMC4114873 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
As a glycosphingolipid that can bind to several extracellular matrix proteins, sulfatide has the potential to become an effective targeting agent for tumors overexpressing tenasin-C in their microenvironment. To overcome the dose-limiting toxicity of doxorubicin (DOX), a sulfatide-containing nanoliposome (SCN) encapsulation approach was employed to improve treatment efficacy and reduce side effects of free DOX. This study analysed in vitro characteristics of sulfatide-containing nanoliposomal DOX (SCN-DOX) and assessed its cytotoxicity in vitro, as well as biodistribution, therapeutic efficacy, and systemic toxicity in a human glioblastoma U-118MG xenograft model. SCN-DOX was shown to achieve highest drug to lipid ratio (0.5∶1) and a remarkable in vitro stability. Moreover, DOX encapsulated in SCN was shown to be delivered into the nuclei and displayed prolonged retention over free DOX in U-118MG cells. This simple two-lipid SCN-DOX nanodrug has favourable pharmacokinetic attributes in terms of prolonged circulation time, reduced volume of distribution and enhanced bioavailability in healthy rats. As a result of the improved biodistribution, an enhanced treatment efficacy of SCN-DOX was found in glioma-bearing mice compared to the free drug. Finally, a reduction in the accumulation of DOX in the drug's principal toxicity organs achieved by SCN-DOX led to the diminished systemic toxicity as evident from the plasma biochemical analyses. Thus, SCN has the potential to be an effective and safer nano-carrier for targeted delivery of therapeutic agents to tumors with elevated expression of tenascin-C in their microenvironment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Lin
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Sarah Shigdar
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ding Zhi Fang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Dognxi Xiang
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ming Q. Wei
- School of Medical Science and Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Southport, Australia
| | - Andrew Danks
- Department of Surgery, Southern Clinical School, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lingxue Kong
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lianghong Li
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Cancer Stem Cell Research, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Liang Qiao
- Storr Liver Unit, Westmead Millennium Institute, the University of Sydney at the Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Wei Duan
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Abou-Khalil R, Colnot C. Cellular and molecular bases of skeletal regeneration: what can we learn from genetic mouse models? Bone 2014; 64:211-21. [PMID: 24709685 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2014.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Revised: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Although bone repairs through a very efficient regenerative process in 90% of the patients, many factors can cause delayed or impaired healing. To date, there are no reliable biological parameters to predict or diagnose bone repair defects. Orthopedic surgeons mostly base their diagnoses on radiographic analyses. With the recent progress in our understanding of the bone repair process, new methods may be envisioned. Animal models have allowed us to define the key steps of bone regeneration and the biological and mechanical factors that may influence bone healing in positive or negative ways. Most importantly, small animal models such as mice have provided powerful tools to apprehend the genetic bases of normal and impaired bone healing. The current review presents a state of the art of the genetically modified mouse models that have advanced our understanding of the cellular and molecular components of bone regeneration and repair. The review illustrates the use of these models to define the role of inflammation, skeletal cell lineages, signaling pathways, the extracellular matrix, osteoclasts and angiogenesis. These genetic mouse models promise to change the field of orthopedic surgery to help establish genetic predispositions for delayed repair, develop models of non-union that mimic the human conditions and elaborate new therapeutic approaches to enhance bone regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rana Abou-Khalil
- INSERM UMR1163, Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Imagine, Paris, France
| | - Céline Colnot
- INSERM UMR1163, Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Imagine, Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Chatterjee A, Villarreal G, Rhee DJ. Matricellular proteins in the trabecular meshwork: review and update. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2014; 30:447-63. [PMID: 24901502 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2014.0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is a leading cause of blindness worldwide, and intraocular pressure (IOP) is an important modifiable risk factor. IOP is a function of aqueous humor production and aqueous humor outflow, and it is thought that prolonged IOP elevation leads to optic nerve damage over time. Within the trabecular meshwork (TM), the eye's primary drainage system for aqueous humor, matricellular proteins generally allow cells to modulate their attachments with and alter the characteristics of their surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM). It is now well established that ECM turnover in the TM affects outflow facility, and matricellular proteins are emerging as significant players in IOP regulation. The formalized study of matricellular proteins in TM has gained increased attention. Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC), myocilin, connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), and thrombospondin-1 and -2 (TSP-1 and -2) have been localized to the TM, and a growing body of evidence suggests that these matricellular proteins play an important role in IOP regulation and possibly the pathophysiology of POAG. As evidence continues to emerge, these proteins are now seen as potential therapeutic targets. Further study is warranted to assess their utility in treating glaucoma in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayan Chatterjee
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University Hospitals Eye Institute, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine , Cleveland, Ohio
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
He W, Xie Q, Wang Y, Chen J, Zhao M, Davis LS, Breyer MD, Gu G, Hao CM. Generation of a tenascin-C-CreER2 knockin mouse line for conditional DNA recombination in renal medullary interstitial cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e79839. [PMID: 24244568 PMCID: PMC3823583 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0079839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal medullary interstitial cells (RMIC) are specialized fibroblast-like cells that exert important functions in maintaining body fluid homeostasis and systemic blood pressure. Here, we generated a RMIC specific tenascin-C promoter driven inducible CreER2 knockin mouse line with an EGFP reporter. Similar as endogenous tenascin-C expression, the reporter EGFP expression in the tenascin-C-CreER2(+/-) mice was observed in the inner medulla of the kidney, and co-localized with COX2 but not with AQP2 or AQP1, suggesting selective expression in RMICs. After recombination (tenascin-C-CreER2(+/-)/ROSA26-lacZ(+/-) mice + tamoxifen), β-gal activity was restricted to the cells in the inner medulla of the kidney, and didn't co-localize with AQP2, consistent with selective Cre recombinase activity in RMICs. Cre activity was not obvious in other major organs or without tamoxifen treatment. This inducible RMIC specific Cre mouse line should therefore provide a novel tool to manipulate genes of interest in RMICs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan He
- Gladstone Institute of Virology & Immunology, San Francisco, California, United States of America ; Nephrology Division, Vanderbilt University Medical Center School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Schreiber J, Schachner M, Schumacher U, Lorke DE. Extracellular matrix alterations, accelerated leukocyte infiltration and enhanced axonal sprouting after spinal cord hemisection in tenascin-C-deficient mice. Acta Histochem 2013; 115:865-78. [PMID: 23701962 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2013.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2013] [Revised: 04/10/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix glycoprotein tenascin-C has been implicated in wound repair and axonal growth. Its role in mammalian spinal cord injury is largely unknown. In vitro it can be both neurite-outgrowth promoting and repellent. To assess its effects on glial reactions, extracellular matrix formation, and axonal regrowth/sprouting in vivo, 20 tenascin-C-deficient and 20 wild type control mice underwent lumbar spinal cord hemisection. One, three, seven and fourteen days post-surgery, cryostat sections of the spinal cord were examined by conventional histology and by immunohistochemistry using antibodies against F4/80 (microglia/macrophage), GFAP (astroglia), neurofilament, fibronectin, laminin and collagen type IV. Fibronectin immunoreactivity was significantly down-regulated in tenascin-C-deficient mice. Moreover, fourteen days after injury, immunodensity of neurofilament-positive fibers was two orders of magnitude higher along the incision edges of tenascin-C-deficient mice as compared to control mice. In addition, lymphocyte infiltration was seen two days earlier in tenascin-C-deficient mice than in control mice and neutrophil infiltration was increased seven days after injury. The increase in thin neurofilament positive fibers in tenascin-C-deficient mice indicates that lack of tenascin-C alters the inflammatory reaction and extracellular matrix composition in a way that penetration of axonal fibers into spinal cord scar tissue may be facilitated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Schreiber
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Center for Experimental Medicine, Department of Anatomy and Experimental Morphology, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Xie K, Liu Y, Hao W, Walter S, Penke B, Hartmann T, Schachner M, Fassbender K. Tenascin-C deficiency ameliorates Alzheimer's disease-related pathology in mice. Neurobiol Aging 2013; 34:2389-98. [PMID: 23673309 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2013.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Revised: 04/07/2013] [Accepted: 04/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by deposits of amyloid β peptide (Aβ) and microglia-driven inflammatory activation. Tenascin-C (tnc) is an extracellular matrix protein that is upregulated in inflammation and induces further inflammatory responses. We hypothesized that tnc contributes to the inflammatory pathology in AD. Using real-time polymerase chain reaction, we observed that tnc gene transcription was upregulated in cultured microglia after Aβ challenge and in the brain of an AD mouse model that overexpresses mutated amyloid precursor protein (APP) in neural cells. By cross-breeding APP-transgenic mice and tenascin-C-deficient mice, we demonstrated using real-time polymerase chain reaction, Western blot analysis, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and immunohistochemistry that tnc deficiency reduces pro- but enhances anti-inflammatory activation in the mutated APP-transgenic mouse brain, associated with a reduced cerebral Aβ load and higher levels of the postsynaptic density protein 95. Thus, our study indicates that functional inhibition of tnc exerts beneficial effects on AD pathogenesis, suggesting a potential for tnc as a new therapeutic target in AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kan Xie
- Department of Neurology, University of the Saarland, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Rodrigues M, Yates CC, Nuschke A, Griffith L, Wells A. The matrikine tenascin-C protects multipotential stromal cells/mesenchymal stem cells from death cytokines such as FasL. Tissue Eng Part A 2013; 19:1972-83. [PMID: 23541003 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2012.0568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Multipotential stromal cells/mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are attractive candidates for regenerative therapy due to the ability of these cells to differentiate and positively influence neighboring cells. However, on implantation for wound reconstruction, these cells are lost as they are challenged by nonspecific inflammation signals generated in the wound environment and in response to any implanted foreign body. We have previously shown that sustained and surface-restricted epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling by a tethered form of its prototypal ligand EGF enhances survival of MSC in the presence of death cytokines such as FasL, serum deprivation, and low oxygen in vitro. This was proposed to be due to the plasma membrane restriction of EGFR signaling. Interestingly, during wound repair, an extracellular matrix (ECM) component Tenascin-C (TNC) containing EGF-like repeats (EGFL) and fibronectin-like repeats (FNL) is upregulated. A few of the 14 EGFL on each of the 6 arms, especially the 14th, bind as low-affinity/high-avidity ligands to EGFR causing sustained surface-restricted EGFR signaling. We queried whether signaling by this physiologically relevant EGFR matrikine also protects MSCs from FasL-induced death. MSCs grown on TNC and Collagen I (as TNC by itself is antiadhesive) displayed a survival advantage in the presence of FasL. TNC neither sequestered nor neutralized FasL; rather, the effects of survival were via cell signaling. This survival was dependent on TNC activating EGFR and downstream pathways of Erk and Akt through EGFL; to a much lesser extent, the FNL of TNC also contributed to survival. Taken together, these results suggest that providing MSCs with a nonimmunogenic naturally occurring ECM moiety such as TNC enhances their survival in the presence of death factors, and this advantage occurs via signaling through EGFR primarily and integrins only to a minor extent. This matrix component is proposed to supplement MSC delivery on the scaffolds to provide a survival advantage against death upon in vivo implantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Rodrigues
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
De Laporte L, Rice JJ, Tortelli F, Hubbell JA. Tenascin C promiscuously binds growth factors via its fifth fibronectin type III-like domain. PLoS One 2013; 8:e62076. [PMID: 23637968 PMCID: PMC3630135 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0062076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2012] [Accepted: 03/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tenascin C (TNC) is an extracellular matrix protein that is upregulated during development as well as tissue remodeling. TNC is comprised of multiple independent folding domains, including 15 fibronectin type III-like (TNCIII) domains. The fifth TNCIII domain (TNCIII5) has previously been shown to bind heparin. Our group has shown that the heparin-binding fibronectin type III domains of fibronectin (FNIII), specifically FNIII12–14, possess affinity towards a large number of growth factors. Here, we show that TNCIII5 binds growth factors promiscuously and with high affinity. We produced recombinant fragments of TNC representing the first five TNCIII repeats (TNCIII1–5), as well as subdomains, including TNCIII5, to study interactions with various growth factors. Multiple growth factors of the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) family, the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family, the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) superfamily, the insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGF-BPs), and neurotrophins were found to bind with high affinity to this region of TNC, specifically to TNCIII5. Surface plasmon resonance was performed to analyze the kinetics of binding of TNCIII1–5 with TGF-β1, PDGF-BB, NT-3, and FGF-2. The promiscuous yet high affinity of TNC for a wide array of growth factors, mediated mainly by TNCIII5, may play a role in multiple physiological and pathological processes involving TNC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura De Laporte
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences and School of Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jeffrey J. Rice
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences and School of Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tennessee Technological University, Cookeville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Federico Tortelli
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences and School of Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jeffrey A. Hubbell
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences and School of Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, School of Basic Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
|
34
|
Abstract
The term matricellular proteins describes a family of structurally unrelated extracellular macromolecules that, unlike structural matrix proteins, do not play a primary role in tissue architecture, but are induced following injury and modulate cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. When released to the matrix, matricellular proteins associate with growth factors, cytokines, and other bioactive effectors and bind to cell surface receptors transducing signaling cascades. Matricellular proteins are upregulated in the injured and remodeling heart and play an important role in regulation of inflammatory, reparative, fibrotic and angiogenic pathways. Thrombospondin (TSP)-1, -2, and -4 as well as tenascin-C and -X secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC), osteopontin, periostin, and members of the CCN family (including CCN1 and CCN2/connective tissue growth factor) are involved in a variety of cardiac pathophysiological conditions, including myocardial infarction, cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis, aging-associated myocardial remodeling, myocarditis, diabetic cardiomyopathy, and valvular disease. This review discusses the properties and characteristics of the matricellular proteins and presents our current knowledge on their role in cardiac adaptation and disease. Understanding the role of matricellular proteins in myocardial pathophysiology and identification of the functional domains responsible for their actions may lead to design of peptides with therapeutic potential for patients with heart disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos G Frangogiannis
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Forchheimer G46B, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Van Ly D, Burgess JK, Brock TG, Lee TH, Black JL, Oliver BGG. Prostaglandins but not leukotrienes alter extracellular matrix protein deposition and cytokine release in primary human airway smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2012; 303:L239-50. [PMID: 22637153 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00097.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Eicosanoids are lipid-signaling mediators released by many cells in response to various stimuli. Increasing evidence suggests that eicosanoids such as leukotrienes and prostaglandins (PGs) may directly mediate remodeling. In this study, we assessed whether these substances could alter extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins and the inflammatory profiles of primary human airway smooth muscle cells (ASM) and fibroblasts. PGE(2) decreased both fibronectin and tenascin C in fibroblasts but only fibronectin in ASM. PGD(2) decreased both fibronectin and tenascin C in both ASM and fibroblasts, whereas PGF(2α) had no effect on ECM deposition. The selective PGI(2) analog, MRE-269, decreased fibronectin but not tenascin C in both cell types. All the PGs increased IL-6 and IL-8 release in a dose-dependent manner in ASM and fibroblasts. Changes in ECM deposition and cytokine release induced by prostaglandins in both ASM and fibroblasts were independent of an effect on cell number. Neither the acute nor repeated stimulation with leukotrienes had an effect on the deposition of ECM proteins or cytokine release from ASM or fibroblasts. We concluded that, collectively, these results provide evidence that PGs may contribute to ECM remodeling to a greater extent than leukotrienes in airway cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Van Ly
- Respiratory Research Group, Cell Biology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, PO Box M77, Missenden Rd., Camperdown NSW 2050 Australia.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Larjava H, Koivisto L, Häkkinen L, Heino J. Epithelial integrins with special reference to oral epithelia. J Dent Res 2011; 90:1367-76. [PMID: 21441220 PMCID: PMC3215754 DOI: 10.1177/0022034511402207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2010] [Revised: 02/07/2011] [Accepted: 02/07/2011] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Adhesion of epithelium to the extracellular matrix is crucial for the maintenance of systemic and oral health. In the oral cavity, teeth or artificial dental implants penetrate the soft tissue of the gingiva. In this interface, gingival soft tissue needs to be well attached via the epithelial seal to the tooth or implant surface to maintain health. After injury or wounding, epithelial tissue rapidly migrates to form the initial epithelial cover to restore the barrier against infection. These events are crucially dependent on deposition of extracellular matrix and proper activation and function of integrin receptors in the epithelial cells. Recent experimental evidence suggests that epithelial integrins also participate in the regulation of periodontal inflammation. In this review, we will discuss the structure and function of epithelial integrins and their extracellular ligands and elaborate on their potential role in disease and repair processes in the oral cavity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Larjava
- Laboratory of Periodontal Biology, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Oskarsson T, Acharyya S, Zhang XHF, Vanharanta S, Tavazoie SF, Morris PG, Downey RJ, Manova-Todorova K, Brogi E, Massagué J. Breast cancer cells produce tenascin C as a metastatic niche component to colonize the lungs. Nat Med 2011; 17:867-74. [PMID: 21706029 DOI: 10.1038/nm.2379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 652] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2010] [Accepted: 04/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We report that breast cancer cells that infiltrate the lungs support their own metastasis-initiating ability by expressing tenascin C (TNC). We find that the expression of TNC, an extracellular matrix protein of stem cell niches, is associated with the aggressiveness of pulmonary metastasis. Cancer cell-derived TNC promotes the survival and outgrowth of pulmonary micrometastases. TNC enhances the expression of stem cell signaling components, musashi homolog 1 (MSI1) and leucine-rich repeat-containing G protein-coupled receptor 5 (LGR5). MSI1 is a positive regulator of NOTCH signaling, whereas LGR5 is a target gene of the WNT pathway. TNC modulation of stem cell signaling occurs without affecting the expression of transcriptional enforcers of the stem cell phenotype and pluripotency, namely nanog homeobox (NANOG), POU class 5 homeobox 1 (POU5F1), also known as OCT4, and SRY-box 2 (SOX2). TNC protects MSI1-dependent NOTCH signaling from inhibition by signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5), and selectively enhances the expression of LGR5 as a WNT target gene. Cancer cell-derived TNC remains essential for metastasis outgrowth until the tumor stroma takes over as a source of TNC. These findings link TNC to pathways that support the fitness of metastasis-initiating breast cancer cells and highlight the relevance of TNC as an extracellular matrix component of the metastatic niche.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thordur Oskarsson
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Frey K, Fiechter M, Schwager K, Belloni B, Barysch MJ, Neri D, Dummer R. Different patterns of fibronectin and tenascin-C splice variants expression in primary and metastatic melanoma lesions. Exp Dermatol 2011; 20:685-8. [PMID: 21649738 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2011.01314.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We have investigated the staining patterns of primary and metastatic melanoma lesions using F8, L19 and F16. These three clinical-stage antibodies are currently being studied in clinical trials for the pharmacodelivery of cytokines or therapeutic radionuclides to neoplastic sites in patients with cancer. Frozen sections of 24 primary and 29 metastatic melanoma lesions were stained, using immunofluorescence procedures, with biotinylated preparations of the F8, L19 and F16 antibodies, which are specific to the alternatively spliced extra domain A and extra domain B domains of fibronectin and A1 domain of tenascin-C, respectively. Blood vessels were costained using von Willebrand factor-specific antibodies. In primary cutaneous melanoma lesions, F16 and F8 (but not L19) strongly stained the basal lamina at the interface between epidermis and dermis, with a strikingly complementary pattern. By contrast, metastatic melanoma lesions displayed a strong and diffuse pattern of immunoreactivity with all three antibodies. It was found that the extracellular matrix in melanoma undergoes extensive remodelling during the transition from primary to metastatic lesions. The intense staining of metastatic melanoma lesions by the F8, L19 and F16 antibodies provides a strong rationale for the use of these antibodies and their derivatives for the treatment of melanoma patients and possibly for the personalized choice of the best performing antibody in individual patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Frey
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Wiig H, Keskin D, Kalluri R. Interaction between the extracellular matrix and lymphatics: consequences for lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic function. Matrix Biol 2010; 29:645-56. [PMID: 20727409 PMCID: PMC3992865 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2010.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2010] [Revised: 08/03/2010] [Accepted: 08/03/2010] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The lymphatic system is important for body fluid balance as well as immunological surveillance. Due to the identification of new molecular markers during the last decade, there has been a recent dramatic increase in our knowledge on the molecular mechanisms involved in lymphatic vessel growth (lymphangiogenesis) and lymphatic function. Here we review data showing that although it is often overlooked, the extracellular matrix plays an important role in the generation of new lymphatic vessels as a response to physiological and pathological stimuli. Extracellular matrix-lymphatic interactions as well as biophysical characteristics of the stroma have consequences for tumor formation, growth and metastasis. During the recent years, anti-lymphangiogenesis has emerged as an additional therapeutic modality to the clinically applied anti-angiogenesis strategy. Oppositely, enhancement of lymphangiogenesis in situations of lymph accumulation is seen as a promising strategy to a set of conditions where few therapeutic avenues are available. Knowledge on the interaction between the extracellular matrix and the lymphatics may enhance our understanding of the underlying mechanisms and may ultimately lead to better therapies for conditions where reduced or increased lymphatic function is the therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helge Wiig
- Division of Matrix Biology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, United States
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Huang JY, Cheng YJ, Lin YP, Lin HC, Su CC, Juliano R, Yang BC. Extracellular matrix of glioblastoma inhibits polarization and transmigration of T cells: the role of tenascin-C in immune suppression. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2010; 185:1450-9. [PMID: 20622113 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0901352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Dense accumulations of T cells are often found in peritumoral areas, which reduce the efficiency of contact-dependent lysis of tumor cells. We demonstrate in this study that the extracellular matrix (ECM) produced by tumors can directly regulate T cell migration. The transmigration rate of several T cells including peripheral blood primary T cell, Jurkat, and Molt-4 measured for glioma cells or glioma ECM was consistently low. Jurkat cells showed reduced amoeba-like shape formation and delayed ERK activation when they were in contact with monolayers or ECM of glioma cells as compared with those in contact with HepG2 and MCF-7 cells. Phospho-ERK was located at the leading edge of migrating Jurkat cells. Glioma cells, but not MCF-7 and HepG2 cells, expressed tenascin-C. Knocking down the tenascin-C gene using the short hairpin RNA strategy converted glioma cells to a transmigration-permissive phenotype for Jurkat cells regarding ERK activation, transmigration, and amoeba-like shape formation. In addition, exogenous tenascin-C protein reduced the amoeba-like shape formation and transmigration of Jurkat cells through MCF-7 and HepG2 cell monolayers. A high level of tenascin-C was visualized immunohistochemically in glioma tumor tissues. CD3(+) T cells were detected in the boundary tumor area and stained strongly positive for tenascin-C. In summary, glioma cells can actively paralyze T cell migration by the expression of tenascin-C, representing a novel immune suppressive mechanism achieved through tumor ECM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jyun-Yuan Huang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Cho CKJ, Smith CR, Diamandis EP. Amniotic Fluid Proteome Analysis from Down Syndrome Pregnancies for Biomarker Discovery. J Proteome Res 2010; 9:3574-82. [DOI: 10.1021/pr100088k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chan-Kyung J. Cho
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, and Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christopher R. Smith
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, and Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eleftherios P. Diamandis
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, and Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Nishioka T, Onishi K, Shimojo N, Nagano Y, Matsusaka H, Ikeuchi M, Ide T, Tsutsui H, Hiroe M, Yoshida T, Imanaka-Yoshida K. Tenascin-C may aggravate left ventricular remodeling and function after myocardial infarction in mice. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2010; 298:H1072-8. [PMID: 20081106 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00255.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Tenascin-C (TN-C) is an extracellular matrix glycoprotein with high bioactivity. It is expressed at low levels in normal adult heart, but upregulated under pathological conditions, such as myocardial infarction (MI). Recently, we (Ref. 34) reported that MI patients with high serum levels of TN-C have a greater incidence of maladaptive cardiac remodeling and a worse prognosis. We hypothesized that TN-C may aggravate left ventricular remodeling. To examine the effects of TN-C, MI was induced by ligating coronary arteries of TN-C knockout (KO) mice under anesthesia and comparing them with sibling wild-type (WT) mice. In WT+MI mice, TN-C expression was upregulated at day 1, peaked at day 5, downregulated and disappeared by day 28, and the molecule was localized in the border zone between intact myocardium and infarct lesions. The morphometrically determined infarct size and survival rate on day 28 were comparable between the WT+MI and KO+MI groups. Echocardiography and hemodynamic analyses demonstrated left ventricular end-diastolic diameter, myocardial stiffness, and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure to be significantly increased in both WT+MI and KO+MI mice compared with sham-operated mice. However, end-diastolic pressure and dimension and myocardial stiffness of KO+MI were lower than those of the WT+MI mice. Histological examination revealed normal tissue healing, but interstitial fibrosis in the residual myocardium in peri-infarcted areas was significantly less pronounced in KO+MI mice than in WT+MI mice. TN-C may thus accelerate adverse ventricular remodeling, cardiac failure, and fibrosis in the residual myocardium after MI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Nishioka
- Dept. of Pathology and Matrix Biology, Mie Univ. Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Mienaltowski MJ, Huang L, Frisbie DD, McIlwraith CW, Stromberg AJ, Bathke AC, Macleod JN. Transcriptional profiling differences for articular cartilage and repair tissue in equine joint surface lesions. BMC Med Genomics 2009; 2:60. [PMID: 19751507 PMCID: PMC2751772 DOI: 10.1186/1755-8794-2-60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2009] [Accepted: 09/14/2009] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Full-thickness articular cartilage lesions that reach to the subchondral bone yet are restricted to the chondral compartment usually fill with a fibrocartilage-like repair tissue which is structurally and biomechanically compromised relative to normal articular cartilage. The objective of this study was to evaluate transcriptional differences between chondrocytes of normal articular cartilage and repair tissue cells four months post-microfracture. Methods Bilateral one-cm2 full-thickness defects were made in the articular surface of both distal femurs of four adult horses followed by subchondral microfracture. Four months postoperatively, repair tissue from the lesion site and grossly normal articular cartilage from within the same femorotibial joint were collected. Total RNA was isolated from the tissue samples, linearly amplified, and applied to a 9,413-probe set equine-specific cDNA microarray. Eight paired comparisons matched by limb and horse were made with a dye-swap experimental design with validation by histological analyses and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Results Statistical analyses revealed 3,327 (35.3%) differentially expressed probe sets. Expression of biomarkers typically associated with normal articular cartilage and fibrocartilage repair tissue corroborate earlier studies. Other changes in gene expression previously unassociated with cartilage repair were also revealed and validated by RT-qPCR. Conclusion The magnitude of divergence in transcriptional profiles between normal chondrocytes and the cells that populate repair tissue reveal substantial functional differences between these two cell populations. At the four-month postoperative time point, the relative deficiency within repair tissue of gene transcripts which typically define articular cartilage indicate that while cells occupying the lesion might be of mesenchymal origin, they have not recapitulated differentiation to the chondrogenic phenotype of normal articular chondrocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Mienaltowski
- University of Kentucky, Department of Veterinary Science, Maxwell H, Gluck Equine Research Center, Lexington, KY 40546-0099, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Pouyani T, Ronfard V, Scott PG, Dodd CM, Ahmed A, Gallo RL, Parenteau NL. De novo synthesis of human dermis in vitro in the absence of a three-dimensional scaffold. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2009; 45:430-41. [PMID: 19533257 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-009-9213-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2008] [Accepted: 04/21/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Neonatal human dermal fibroblasts cultured in vitro synthesize an organized and physically substantial three-dimensional extracellular matrix, without the addition of exogenous matrix components or synthetic scaffolds. De novo matrix synthesis proceeds in an orderly manner over a 21-d culture period and beyond. Analysis of the fibroblast phenotype, i.e., matrix synthesis by the fibroblasts, suggests that both serum and serum-free conditions are conducive to the production of a human tissue-engineered "dermal equivalent". We report that given the appropriate permissive environment, the fibroblasts establish and grow a tissue in vitro, which bears striking biochemical and physical resemblance to normal human dermis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tara Pouyani
- Research and Development, Organogenesis Inc, Canton, MA 02021, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Masuda R, Mochizuki M, Hozumi K, Takeda A, Uchinuma E, Yamashina S, Nomizu M, Kadoya Y. A novel cell-adhesive scaffold material for delivering keratinocytes reduces granulation tissue in dermal wounds. Wound Repair Regen 2009; 17:127-35. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1524-475x.2008.00450.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
46
|
Rhee DJ, Haddadin RI, Kang MH, Oh DJ. Matricellular proteins in the trabecular meshwork. Exp Eye Res 2008; 88:694-703. [PMID: 19101543 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2008.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2008] [Revised: 11/14/2008] [Accepted: 11/20/2008] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The trabecular meshwork is one of the primary tissues of interest in the normal regulation and dysregulation of intraocular pressure (IOP) that is a causative risk factor for primary open-angle glaucoma. Matricellular proteins generally function to allow cells to modulate their attachments with and alter the characteristics of their surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM). In non-ocular tissues, matricellular proteins generally increase fibrosis. Since ECM turnover is very important to the outflow facility, matricellular proteins may have a significant role in the regulation of IOP. The formalized study of matricellular proteins in trabecular meshwork is in its infancy. SPARC, thrombospondins-1 and -2, and tenascins-C and -X, and osteopontin have been localized to varying areas within the trabecular meshwork. Preliminary evidence indicates that SPARC and thrombospondin-1 play a role in the regulation of IOP and possibly the pathophysiology of glaucoma. These data show promise that matricellular proteins are involved in IOP dysregulation and are potential therapeutic targets. Further study is needed to clarify these roles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Douglas J Rhee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye & Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Meloty-Kapella CV, Degen M, Chiquet-Ehrismann R, Tucker RP. Effects of tenascin-W on osteoblasts in vitro. Cell Tissue Res 2008; 334:445-55. [PMID: 18985388 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-008-0715-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2008] [Accepted: 09/29/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Tenascin-W is a glycoprotein secreted into the extracellular matrix of developing bones. Here, we have examined possible roles for tenascin-W in osteogenesis. Purified recombinant tenascin-W, like tenascin-C, increases the number of mineralized foci in primary cultures of avian osteoblasts and increases alkaline phosphatase activity in vitro. In addition, tenascin-W in solution promotes the migration of primary osteoblasts across fibronectin-coated filters. The sixth fibronectin type III domain of chicken tenascin-W contains a phylogenetically conserved KGD motif that is predicted to be available to integrin binding. To determine whether this motif is potentially functional, we have cultured osteoblasts on KGD-containing peptides and control peptides. Osteoblasts cultured on peptides with the KGD motif acquire a multipolar phenotype with pseudopods tipped with actin-rich ruffles, which is similar to the morphology of osteoblasts cultured on recombinant tenascin-W. Moreover, the KGD peptides, but not the control peptides, promote proliferation in cultured osteoblasts but not alkaline phosphatase activity or migration. Finally, explanted embryonic frontal bones are significantly thicker when cultured in the presence of tenascin-W, suggesting that tenascin-W can accelerate the formation of new bone in a complex multicellular environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline V Meloty-Kapella
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California at Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616-8643, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Mienaltowski MJ, Huang L, Stromberg AJ, MacLeod JN. Differential gene expression associated with postnatal equine articular cartilage maturation. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2008; 9:149. [PMID: 18986532 PMCID: PMC2585085 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2474-9-149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2008] [Accepted: 11/05/2008] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Articular cartilage undergoes an important maturation process from neonate to adult that is reflected by alterations in matrix protein organization and increased heterogeneity of chondrocyte morphology. In the horse, these changes are influenced by exercise during the first five months of postnatal life. Transcriptional profiling was used to evaluate changes in articular chondrocyte gene expression during postnatal growth and development. Methods Total RNA was isolated from the articular cartilage of neonatal (0–10 days) and adult (4–5 years) horses, subjected to one round of linear RNA amplification, and then applied to a 9,367-element equine-specific cDNA microarray. Comparisons were made with a dye-swap experimental design. Microarray results for selected genes (COL2A1, COMP, P4HA1, TGFB1, TGFBR3, TNC) were validated by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Results Fifty-six probe sets, which represent 45 gene products, were up-regulated (p < 0.01) in chondrocytes of neonatal articular cartilage relative to chondrocytes of adult articular cartilage. Conversely, 586 probe sets, which represent 499 gene products, were up-regulated (p < 0.01) in chondrocytes of adult articular cartilage relative to chondrocytes of neonatal articular cartilage. Collagens, matrix-modifying enzymes, and provisional matrix non-collagenous proteins were expressed at higher levels in the articular cartilage of newborn foals. Those genes with increased mRNA abundance in adult chondrocytes included leucine-rich small proteoglycans, matrix assembly, and cartilage maintenance proteins. Conclusion Differential expression of genes encoding matrix proteins and matrix-modifying enzymes between neonates and adults reflect a cellular maturation process in articular chondrocytes. Up-regulated transcripts in neonatal cartilage are consistent with growth and expansion of the articular surface. Expression patterns in mature articular cartilage indicate a transition from growth to homeostasis, and tissue function related to withstanding shear and weight-bearing stresses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Mienaltowski
- University of Kentucky, Department of Veterinary Science, M.H. Gluck Equine Research Center, Lexington, KY 40546-0099, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
White ES, Baralle FE, Muro AF. New insights into form and function of fibronectin splice variants. J Pathol 2008; 216:1-14. [PMID: 18680111 DOI: 10.1002/path.2388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a highly dynamic structure that not only provides a physical framework for cells within connective tissues, but also imparts instructive signals for development, tissue homeostasis and basic cell functions through its composition and ability to exert mechanical forces. The ECM of tissues is composed of, in addition to proteoglycans and hyaluronic acid, a number of proteins, most of which are generated after alternative splicing of their pre-mRNA. However, the precise function of these protein isoforms is still obscure in most cases. Fibronectin (FN), one of the main components of the ECM, is also one of the best-known examples of a family of proteins generated by alternative splicing, having at least 20 different isoforms in humans. Over the last few years, considerable progress on elucidating the functions of the alternatively spliced FN isoforms has been achieved with the essential development of key engineered mouse strains. Here we summarize the phenotypes of the mouse strains having targeted mutations in the FN gene, which may lead to novel insights linking function of alternatively spliced isoforms of fibronectin to human pathologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E S White
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
|