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Zierden HC, Marx-Rattner R, Rock KD, Montgomery KR, Anastasiadis P, Folts L, Bale TL. Extracellular vesicles are dynamic regulators of maternal glucose homeostasis during pregnancy. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4568. [PMID: 36941297 PMCID: PMC10027885 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31425-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Homeostatic regulation of the maternal milieu during pregnancy is critical for maternal and fetal health. The placenta facilitates critical communication between maternal and fetal compartments, in part, through the production of extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs enable tissue synchrony via cell-cell and long-distance communication and are at their highest circulating concentration during pregnancy. While much work has been done investigating how physiological challenges in pregnancy affect the fetus, the role of placental communication in maternal health has not been well examined. We previously identified placental O-glycosyl transferase (OGT), a glucose-sensing enzyme, as a target of maternal stress where OGT levels and activity affected the O-glycosylation of proteins critical for EV cargo loading and secretion. Here, we hypothesized that placental OGT plays an essential role in maternal homeostatic regulation during pregnancy via its regulation of maternal circulating EV concentrations. Our studies found that changes to key metabolic factors over the circadian cycle, including glucocorticoids, insulin, and glucose, were significantly associated with changes in circulating EV concentration. Targeting placental OGT in mice, we found a novel significant positive relationship between placental OGT and maternal circulating EV concentration that was associated with improving maternal glucose tolerance during pregnancy. Finally, an intravenous elevation in EVs, matching the concentration of EVs during pregnancy, shifted non-pregnant female glucose sensitivity, blunted glucose variance, and improved synchrony of glucose uptake. These data suggest an important and novel role for circulating EVs as homeostatic regulators important in maternal health during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah C Zierden
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20740, USA
| | - Ruth Marx-Rattner
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Kylie D Rock
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Kristen R Montgomery
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Pavlos Anastasiadis
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Lillian Folts
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Tracy L Bale
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
- Center for Epigenetic Research in Child Health and Brain Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
- The Anschutz Foundation Endowed Chair in Women's Integrated Mental and Physical Health Research at the Ludeman Center, Aurora, CO, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado School of Medicine, CU Anschutz Medical Campus, 12800 E. 19th Avenue, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
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2
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Wenzel DM, Olivier-Van Stichelen S. The O-GlcNAc cycling in neurodevelopment and associated diseases. Biochem Soc Trans 2022; 50:1693-1702. [PMID: 36383066 PMCID: PMC10462390 DOI: 10.1042/bst20220539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Proper neuronal development is essential to growth and adult brain function. Alterations at any step of this highly organized sequence of events, due to genetic mutations or environmental factors, triggers brain malformations, which are leading causes of diseases including epilepsy, intellectual disabilities, and many others. The role of glycosylation in neuronal development has been emphasized for many years, notably in studying human congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDGs). These diseases highlight that genetic defects in glycosylation pathways are almost always associated with severe neurological abnormalities, suggesting that glycosylation plays an essential role in early brain development. Congenital disorders of O-GlcNAcylation are no exception, and all mutations of the O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) are associated with X-linked intellectual disabilities (XLID). In addition, mouse models and in vitro mechanistic studies have reinforced the essential role of O-GlcNAcylation in neuronal development and signaling. In this review, we give an overview of the role of O-GlcNAcylation in this critical physiological process and emphasize the consequences of its dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawn M Wenzel
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, U.S.A
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3
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Miskevich D, Chaban A, Dronina M, Abramovich I, Gottlieb E, Shams I. Comprehensive Analysis of 13C 6 Glucose Fate in the Hypoxia-Tolerant Blind Mole Rat Skin Fibroblasts. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11110734. [PMID: 34822392 PMCID: PMC8621580 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11110734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The bioenergetics of the vast majority of terrestrial mammals evolved to consuming glucose (Glc) for energy production under regular atmosphere (about 21% oxygen). However, some vertebrate species, such as aquatic turtles, seals, naked mole rat, and blind mole rat, Spalax, have adjusted their homeostasis to continuous function under severe hypoxic environment. The exploration of hypoxia-tolerant species metabolic strategies provides a better understanding of the adaptation to hypoxia. In this study, we compared Glc homeostasis in primary Spalax and rat skin cells under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. We used the targeted-metabolomics approach, utilizing liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry (LC-MS) to track the fate of heavy Glc carbons (13C6 Glc), as well as other methodologies to assist the interpretation of the metabolic landscape, such as bioenergetics profiling, Western blotting, and gene expression analysis. The metabolic profile was recorded under steady-state (after 24 h) of the experiment. Glc-originated carbons were unequally distributed between the cytosolic and mitochondrial domains in Spalax cells compared to the rat. The cytosolic domain is dominant apparently due to the hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) mastering, since its level is higher under normoxia and hypoxia in Spalax cells. Consumed Glc in Spalax cells is utilized for the pentose phosphate pathway maintaining the NADPH pool, and is finally harbored as glutathione (GSH) and UDP-GlcNAc. The cytosolic domain in Spalax cells works in the semi-uncoupled mode that limits the consumed Glc-derived carbons flux to the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and reduces pyruvate delivery; however, it maintains the NAD+ pool via lactate dehydrogenase upregulation. Both normoxic and hypoxic mitochondrial homeostasis of Glc-originated carbons in Spalax are characterized by their massive cataplerotic flux along with the axis αKG→Glu→Pro→hydroxyproline (HPro). The product of collagen degradation, HPro, as well as free Pro are apparently involved in the bioenergetics of Spalax under both normoxia and hypoxia. The upregulation of 2-hydroxyglutarate production detected in Spalax cells may be involved in modulating the levels of HIF-1α. Collectively, these data suggest that Spalax cells utilize similar metabolic frame for both normoxia and hypoxia, where glucose metabolism is switched from oxidative pathways (conversion of pyruvate to Acetyl-CoA and further TCA cycle processes) to (i) pentose phosphate pathway, (ii) lactate production, and (iii) cataplerotic pathways leading to hexosamine, GSH, and HPro production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Miskevich
- Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel;
- Correspondence: (D.M.); (I.S.)
| | - Anastasia Chaban
- Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel;
| | - Maria Dronina
- Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel;
| | - Ifat Abramovich
- Technion Faculty of Medicine, Haifa 3525433, Israel; (I.A.); (E.G.)
| | - Eyal Gottlieb
- Technion Faculty of Medicine, Haifa 3525433, Israel; (I.A.); (E.G.)
| | - Imad Shams
- Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel;
- Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel;
- Correspondence: (D.M.); (I.S.)
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4
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Bell R, Vendruscolo M. Modulation of the Interactions Between α-Synuclein and Lipid Membranes by Post-translational Modifications. Front Neurol 2021; 12:661117. [PMID: 34335440 PMCID: PMC8319954 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.661117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is characterised by the presence in brain tissue of aberrant inclusions known as Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites, which are deposits composed by α-synuclein and a variety of other cellular components, including in particular lipid membranes. The dysregulation of the balance between lipid homeostasis and α-synuclein homeostasis is therefore likely to be closely involved in the onset and progression of Parkinson's disease and related synucleinopathies. As our understanding of this balance is increasing, we describe recent advances in the characterisation of the role of post-translational modifications in modulating the interactions of α-synuclein with lipid membranes. We then discuss the impact of these advances on the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic tools for synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michele Vendruscolo
- Centre for Misfolding Disease, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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5
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Zumbaugh MD, Yen CN, Bodmer JS, Shi H, Gerrard DE. Skeletal Muscle O-GlcNAc Transferase Action on Global Metabolism Is Partially Mediated Through Interleukin-15. Front Physiol 2021; 12:682052. [PMID: 34326778 PMCID: PMC8313823 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.682052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Besides its roles in locomotion and thermogenesis, skeletal muscle plays a significant role in global glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity through complex nutrient sensing networks. Our previous work showed that the muscle-specific ablation of O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) led to a lean phenotype through enhanced interleukin-15 (IL-15) expression. We also showed OGT epigenetically modified and repressed the Il15 promoter. However, whether there is a causal relationship between OGT ablation-induced IL-15 secretion and the lean phenotype remains unknown. To address this question, we generated muscle specific OGT and interleukin-15 receptor alpha subunit (IL-15rα) double knockout mice (mDKO). Deletion of IL-15rα in skeletal muscle impaired IL-15 secretion. When fed with a high-fat diet, mDKO mice were no longer protected against HFD-induced obesity compared to wild-type mice. After 22 weeks of HFD feeding, mDKO mice had an intermediate body weight and glucose sensitivity compared to wild-type and OGT knockout mice. Taken together, these data suggest that OGT action is partially mediated by muscle IL-15 production and provides some clarity into how disrupting the O-GlcNAc nutrient signaling pathway leads to a lean phenotype. Further, our work suggests that interfering with the OGT-IL15 nutrient sensing axis may provide a new avenue for combating obesity and metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan D Zumbaugh
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Con-Ning Yen
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Jocelyn S Bodmer
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Hao Shi
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - David E Gerrard
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States
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6
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Mitochondrial O-GlcNAc Transferase Interacts with and Modifies Many Proteins and Its Up-Regulation Affects Mitochondrial Function and Cellular Energy Homeostasis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13122956. [PMID: 34204801 PMCID: PMC8231590 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13122956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
O-GlcNAcylation is a cell glucose sensor. The addition of O-GlcNAc moieties to target protein is catalyzed by the O-Linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT). OGT is encoded by a single gene that yields differentially spliced OGT isoforms. One of them is targeted to mitochondria (mOGT). Although the impact of O-GlcNAcylation on cancer cells biology is well documented, mOGT's role remains poorly investigated. We performed studies using breast cancer cells with up-regulated mOGT or its catalytic inactive mutant to identify proteins specifically modified by mOGT. Proteomic approaches included isolation of mOGT protein partners and O-GlcNAcylated proteins from mitochondria-enriched fraction followed by their analysis by mass spectrometry. Moreover, we analyzed the impact of mOGT dysregulation on mitochondrial activity and cellular metabolism using a variety of biochemical assays. We found that mitochondrial OGT expression is glucose-dependent. Elevated mOGT expression affected the mitochondrial transmembrane potential and increased intramitochondrial ROS generation. Moreover, mOGT up-regulation caused a decrease in cellular ATP level. We identified many mitochondrial proteins as mOGT substrates. Most of these proteins are localized in the mitochondrial matrix and the inner mitochondrial membrane and participate in mitochondrial respiration, fatty acid metabolism, transport, translation, apoptosis, and mtDNA processes. Our findings suggest that mOGT interacts with and modifies many mitochondrial proteins, and its dysregulation affects cellular bioenergetics and mitochondria function.
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Zuliani I, Lanzillotta C, Tramutola A, Barone E, Perluigi M, Rinaldo S, Paone A, Cutruzzolà F, Bellanti F, Spinelli M, Natale F, Fusco S, Grassi C, Di Domenico F. High-Fat Diet Leads to Reduced Protein O-GlcNAcylation and Mitochondrial Defects Promoting the Development of Alzheimer's Disease Signatures. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073746. [PMID: 33916835 PMCID: PMC8038495 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The disturbance of protein O-GlcNAcylation is emerging as a possible link between altered brain metabolism and the progression of neurodegeneration. As observed in brains with Alzheimer's disease (AD), flaws of the cerebral glucose uptake translate into reduced protein O-GlcNAcylation, which promote the formation of pathological hallmarks. A high-fat diet (HFD) is known to foster metabolic dysregulation and insulin resistance in the brain and such effects have been associated with the reduction of cognitive performances. Remarkably, a significant role in HFD-related cognitive decline might be played by aberrant protein O-GlcNAcylation by triggering the development of AD signature and mitochondrial impairment. Our data support the impairment of total protein O-GlcNAcylation profile both in the brain of mice subjected to a 6-week high-fat-diet (HFD) and in our in vitro transposition on SH-SY5Y cells. The reduction of protein O-GlcNAcylation was associated with the development of insulin resistance, induced by overfeeding (i.e., defective insulin signaling and reduced mitochondrial activity), which promoted the dysregulation of the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) flux, through the AMPK-driven reduction of GFAT1 activation. Further, we observed that a HFD induced the selective impairment of O-GlcNAcylated-tau and of O-GlcNAcylated-Complex I subunit NDUFB8, thus resulting in tau toxicity and reduced respiratory chain functionality respectively, highlighting the involvement of this posttranslational modification in the neurodegenerative process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Zuliani
- Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi Fanelli”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (I.Z.); (C.L.); (A.T.); (E.B.); (M.P.); (S.R.); (A.P.); (F.C.)
| | - Chiara Lanzillotta
- Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi Fanelli”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (I.Z.); (C.L.); (A.T.); (E.B.); (M.P.); (S.R.); (A.P.); (F.C.)
| | - Antonella Tramutola
- Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi Fanelli”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (I.Z.); (C.L.); (A.T.); (E.B.); (M.P.); (S.R.); (A.P.); (F.C.)
| | - Eugenio Barone
- Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi Fanelli”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (I.Z.); (C.L.); (A.T.); (E.B.); (M.P.); (S.R.); (A.P.); (F.C.)
| | - Marzia Perluigi
- Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi Fanelli”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (I.Z.); (C.L.); (A.T.); (E.B.); (M.P.); (S.R.); (A.P.); (F.C.)
| | - Serena Rinaldo
- Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi Fanelli”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (I.Z.); (C.L.); (A.T.); (E.B.); (M.P.); (S.R.); (A.P.); (F.C.)
| | - Alessio Paone
- Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi Fanelli”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (I.Z.); (C.L.); (A.T.); (E.B.); (M.P.); (S.R.); (A.P.); (F.C.)
| | - Francesca Cutruzzolà
- Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi Fanelli”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (I.Z.); (C.L.); (A.T.); (E.B.); (M.P.); (S.R.); (A.P.); (F.C.)
| | - Francesco Bellanti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy;
| | - Matteo Spinelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (M.S.); (F.N.); (S.F.); (C.G.)
| | - Francesca Natale
- Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (M.S.); (F.N.); (S.F.); (C.G.)
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Salvatore Fusco
- Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (M.S.); (F.N.); (S.F.); (C.G.)
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Grassi
- Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (M.S.); (F.N.); (S.F.); (C.G.)
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Di Domenico
- Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi Fanelli”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (I.Z.); (C.L.); (A.T.); (E.B.); (M.P.); (S.R.); (A.P.); (F.C.)
- Correspondence:
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Garbern JC, Lee RT. Mitochondria and metabolic transitions in cardiomyocytes: lessons from development for stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:177. [PMID: 33712058 PMCID: PMC7953594 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02252-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Current methods to differentiate cardiomyocytes from human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) inadequately recapitulate complete development and result in PSC-derived cardiomyocytes (PSC-CMs) with an immature or fetal-like phenotype. Embryonic and fetal development are highly dynamic periods during which the developing embryo or fetus is exposed to changing nutrient, oxygen, and hormone levels until birth. It is becoming increasingly apparent that these metabolic changes initiate developmental processes to mature cardiomyocytes. Mitochondria are central to these changes, responding to these metabolic changes and transitioning from small, fragmented mitochondria to large organelles capable of producing enough ATP to support the contractile function of the heart. These changes in mitochondria may not simply be a response to cardiomyocyte maturation; the metabolic signals that occur throughout development may actually be central to the maturation process in cardiomyocytes. Here, we review methods to enhance maturation of PSC-CMs and highlight evidence from development indicating the key roles that mitochondria play during cardiomyocyte maturation. We evaluate metabolic transitions that occur during development and how these affect molecular nutrient sensors, discuss how regulation of nutrient sensing pathways affect mitochondrial dynamics and function, and explore how changes in mitochondrial function can affect metabolite production, the cell cycle, and epigenetics to influence maturation of cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica C Garbern
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology and the Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, 7 Divinity Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Richard T Lee
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology and the Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, 7 Divinity Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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Overview of the Assays to Probe O-Linked β- N-Acetylglucosamine Transferase Binding and Activity. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26041037. [PMID: 33669256 PMCID: PMC7920051 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26041037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
O-GlcNAcylation is a posttranslational modification that occurs at serine and threonine residues of protein substrates by the addition of O-linked β-d-N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) moiety. Two enzymes are involved in this modification: O-GlcNac transferase (OGT), which attaches the GlcNAc residue to the protein substrate, and O-GlcNAcase (OGA), which removes it. This biological balance is important for many biological processes, such as protein expression, cell apoptosis, and regulation of enzyme activity. The extent of this modification has sparked interest in the medical community to explore OGA and OGT as therapeutic targets, particularly in degenerative diseases. While some OGA inhibitors are already in phase 1 clinical trials for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, OGT inhibitors still have a long way to go. Due to complex expression and instability, the discovery of potent OGT inhibitors is challenging. Over the years, the field has grappled with this problem, and scientists have developed a number of techniques and assays. In this review, we aim to highlight assays and techniques for OGT inhibitor discovery, evaluate their strength for the field, and give us direction for future bioassay methods.
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10
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Intracellular Hydrolysis of Small-Molecule O-Linked N-Acetylglucosamine Transferase Inhibitors Differs among Cells and Is Not Required for Its Inhibition. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25153381. [PMID: 32722493 PMCID: PMC7436030 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25153381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
O-GlcNAcylation is an essential post-translational modification that occurs on nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins, regulating their function in response to cellular stress and altered nutrient availability. O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) is the enzyme that catalyzes this reaction and represents a potential therapeutic target, whose biological role is still not fully understood. To support this research field, a series of cell-permeable, low-nanomolar OGT inhibitors were recently reported. In this study, we resynthesized the most potent OGT inhibitor of the library, OSMI-4, and we used it to investigate OGT inhibition in different human cell lines. The compound features an ethyl ester moiety that is supposed to be cleaved by carboxylesterases to generate its active metabolite. Our LC-HRMS analysis of the cell lysates shows that this is not always the case and that, even in the cell lines where hydrolysis does not occur, OGT activity is inhibited.
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11
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Baumann D, Wong A, Akhaphong B, Jo S, Pritchard S, Mohan R, Chung G, Zhang Y, Alejandro EU. Role of nutrient-driven O-GlcNAc-post-translational modification in pancreatic exocrine and endocrine islet development. Development 2020; 147:dev186643. [PMID: 32165492 PMCID: PMC7174839 DOI: 10.1242/dev.186643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Although the developing pancreas is exquisitely sensitive to nutrient supply in utero, it is not entirely clear how nutrient-driven post-translational modification of proteins impacts the pancreas during development. We hypothesized that the nutrient-sensing enzyme O-GlcNAc transferase (Ogt), which catalyzes an O-GlcNAc-modification onto key target proteins, integrates nutrient-signaling networks to regulate cell survival and development. In this study, we investigated the heretofore unknown role of Ogt in exocrine and endocrine islet development. By genetic manipulation in vivo and by using morphometric and molecular analyses, such as immunofluorescence imaging and single cell RNA sequencing, we show the first evidence that Ogt regulates pancreas development. Genetic deletion of Ogt in the pancreatic epithelium (OgtKOPanc) causes pancreatic hypoplasia, in part by increased apoptosis and reduced levels of of Pdx1 protein. Transcriptomic analysis of single cell and bulk RNA sequencing uncovered cell-type heterogeneity and predicted upstream regulator proteins that mediate cell survival, including Pdx1, Ptf1a and p53, which are putative Ogt targets. In conclusion, these findings underscore the requirement of O-GlcNAcylation during pancreas development and show that Ogt is essential for pancreatic progenitor survival, providing a novel mechanistic link between nutrients and pancreas development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Baumann
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School. Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Alicia Wong
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School. Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Brian Akhaphong
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School. Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Seokwon Jo
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School. Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Samantha Pritchard
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School. Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Ramkumar Mohan
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School. Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Grace Chung
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School. Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Ying Zhang
- Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Emilyn U Alejandro
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School. Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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12
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Jellusova J. Metabolic control of B cell immune responses. Curr Opin Immunol 2019; 63:21-28. [PMID: 31794945 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2019.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Humoral immunity critically depends on appropriate B cell responses. B cell activation, proliferation, differentiation and antibody secretion are processes carefully orchestrated by a complex network of intracellular signaling pathways and transcription factors. In order to meet the energetic and biosynthetic demands of protein synthesis and cell division, signal transduction pathways reshape the metabolic profile of activated B cells. However, the relationship between signaling and metabolism is by no means unidirectional. Emerging evidence suggests that shifts in available fuel sources and intracellular metabolite concentrations profoundly impact cell fate decisions. The reciprocal regulation of cell signaling and metabolism could potentially be exploited to curb immune dysfunction in metabolic disorders or to antagonize autoimmunity and B cell malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Jellusova
- Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Schänzlestr. 18, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; Department of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biology III at the Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Schänzlestr. 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
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13
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Expression of messenger RNA encoding two cellular metabolic regulators, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT), in channel catfish: Their tissue distribution and relationship with changes in food intake. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2019; 235:12-21. [PMID: 31091463 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2019.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is considered as the master cellular metabolism regulator that activates various proteins, including O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT). Physiological roles of AMPK and OGT, including the relationship between their mRNA expression and food intake, are poorly understood in channel catfish. This study examined the tissue distribution of AMPK and OGT mRNA and changes in their expression in response to changes in food intake in channel catfish. Expression of all AMPK subunit and OGT mRNA was detectable in the whole brain, liver, heart, spleen, white muscle, and kidney of channel catfish. The OGT mRNA was highly localized in the brain compared to other tissues. 28-day fasting increased hepatic expression of AMPK α1, β1, and OGT mRNA while refeeding fish for 14 days after the 14-day fast decreased their expression to the level similar to that of fish that were fed daily. No changes were noted in the expression of muscle and brain AMPK mRNA or OGT mRNA by fasting and refeeding. Hepatic AMPK α1, α2 and β1 mRNA decreased in response to increased feeding frequency, whereas no changes in the expression of AMPK or OGT mRNA were noted in the brain or the muscle. Results of the current study indicated that the hepatic expression of AMPK and OGT mRNA appeared to be more sensitive to changes in food intake in channel catfish. However, further studies are needed to clearly demonstrate if food intake influences the expression of AMPK and OGT mRNA in various tissues, including the hypothalamus.
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Deracinois B, Camoin L, Lambert M, Boyer JB, Dupont E, Bastide B, Cieniewski-Bernard C. O-GlcNAcylation site mapping by (azide-alkyne) click chemistry and mass spectrometry following intensive fractionation of skeletal muscle cells proteins. J Proteomics 2018; 186:83-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2018.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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15
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Simon DN, Wriston A, Fan Q, Shabanowitz J, Florwick A, Dharmaraj T, Peterson SB, Gruenbaum Y, Carlson CR, Grønning-Wang LM, Hunt DF, Wilson KL. OGT ( O-GlcNAc Transferase) Selectively Modifies Multiple Residues Unique to Lamin A. Cells 2018; 7:E44. [PMID: 29772801 PMCID: PMC5981268 DOI: 10.3390/cells7050044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The LMNA gene encodes lamins A and C with key roles in nuclear structure, signaling, gene regulation, and genome integrity. Mutations in LMNA cause over 12 diseases ('laminopathies'). Lamins A and C are identical for their first 566 residues. However, they form separate filaments in vivo, with apparently distinct roles. We report that lamin A is β-O-linked N-acetylglucosamine-(O-GlcNAc)-modified in human hepatoma (Huh7) cells and in mouse liver. In vitro assays with purified O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) enzyme showed robust O-GlcNAcylation of recombinant mature lamin A tails (residues 385⁻646), with no detectable modification of lamin B1, lamin C, or 'progerin' (Δ50) tails. Using mass spectrometry, we identified 11 O-GlcNAc sites in a 'sweet spot' unique to lamin A, with up to seven sugars per peptide. Most sites were unpredicted by current algorithms. Double-mutant (S612A/T643A) lamin A tails were still robustly O-GlcNAc-modified at seven sites. By contrast, O-GlcNAcylation was undetectable on tails bearing deletion Δ50, which causes Hutchinson⁻Gilford progeria syndrome, and greatly reduced by deletion Δ35. We conclude that residues deleted in progeria are required for substrate recognition and/or modification by OGT in vitro. Interestingly, deletion Δ35, which does not remove the majority of identified O-GlcNAc sites, does remove potential OGT-association motifs (lamin A residues 622⁻625 and 639⁻645) homologous to that in mouse Tet1. These biochemical results are significant because they identify a novel molecular pathway that may profoundly influence lamin A function. The hypothesis that lamin A is selectively regulated by OGT warrants future testing in vivo, along with two predictions: genetic variants may contribute to disease by perturbing OGT-dependent regulation, and nutrient or other stresses might cause OGT to misregulate wildtype lamin A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan N Simon
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 725 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Amanda Wriston
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA.
| | - Qiong Fan
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Jeffrey Shabanowitz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA.
| | - Alyssa Florwick
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 725 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Tejas Dharmaraj
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 725 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Sherket B Peterson
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Yosef Gruenbaum
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Givat Ram Jerusalem 91904, Israel.
| | - Cathrine R Carlson
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, 0450 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Line M Grønning-Wang
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Donald F Hunt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA.
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA.
| | - Katherine L Wilson
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 725 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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16
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Zhang H, Tomašič T, Shi J, Weiss M, Ruijtenbeek R, Anderluh M, Pieters RJ. Inhibition of O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) by peptidic hybrids. MEDCHEMCOMM 2018; 9:883-887. [PMID: 30108977 PMCID: PMC6072325 DOI: 10.1039/c8md00115d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) attaches a GlcNAc moiety on specific substrate proteins using UDP-GlcNAc as the sugar donor. This modification can alter protein function by regulating cellular signaling and transcription pathways in response to altered nutrient availability and stress. Specific inhibitors of OGT would be valuable tools for biological studies and lead structures for therapeutics. The existing OGT inhibitors are mainly derived from the sugar donor substrate, but poor cell permeability and off-target effects limit their use. Here, we describe our progress on OGT inhibition based on substrate peptides identified by array screening. Subsequently, bisubstrate inhibitors were prepared by conjugating these peptides to uridine in various ways. In parallel, an in silico fragment screening was conducted to obtain small molecules targeting the UDP binding pocket. After evaluation of the initial hits, one of these small molecules was elaborated into a novel OGT hybrid inhibitor, as the replacement of uridine. The novel compounds inhibit OGT activity with IC50 values in the micromolar range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery , Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences , Utrecht University , P.O. Box 80082 , NL-3508 TB , Utrecht , The Netherlands .
| | - Tihomir Tomašič
- Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Ljubljana , Ljubljana , 1000 , Slovenia
| | - Jie Shi
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery , Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences , Utrecht University , P.O. Box 80082 , NL-3508 TB , Utrecht , The Netherlands .
| | - Matjaž Weiss
- Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Ljubljana , Ljubljana , 1000 , Slovenia
| | - Rob Ruijtenbeek
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery , Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences , Utrecht University , P.O. Box 80082 , NL-3508 TB , Utrecht , The Netherlands .
- PamGene International BV , 's-Hertogenbosch , 5211 HH , The Netherlands
| | - Marko Anderluh
- Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Ljubljana , Ljubljana , 1000 , Slovenia
| | - Roland J Pieters
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery , Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences , Utrecht University , P.O. Box 80082 , NL-3508 TB , Utrecht , The Netherlands .
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17
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O-GlcNAc in cancer: An Oncometabolism-fueled vicious cycle. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2018; 50:155-173. [PMID: 29594839 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-018-9751-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells exhibit unregulated growth, altered metabolism, enhanced metastatic potential and altered cell surface glycans. Fueled by oncometabolism and elevated uptake of glucose and glutamine, the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) sustains glycosylation in the endomembrane system. In addition, the elevated pools of UDP-GlcNAc drives the O-GlcNAc modification of key targets in the cytoplasm, nucleus and mitochondrion. These targets include transcription factors, kinases, key cytoplasmic enzymes of intermediary metabolism, and electron transport chain complexes. O-GlcNAcylation can thereby alter epigenetics, transcription, signaling, proteostasis, and bioenergetics, key 'hallmarks of cancer'. In this review, we summarize accumulating evidence that many cancer hallmarks are linked to dysregulation of O-GlcNAc cycling on cancer-relevant targets. We argue that onconutrient and oncometabolite-fueled elevation increases HBP flux and triggers O-GlcNAcylation of key regulatory enzymes in glycolysis, Kreb's cycle, pentose-phosphate pathway, and the HBP itself. The resulting rerouting of glucose metabolites leads to elevated O-GlcNAcylation of oncogenes and tumor suppressors further escalating elevation in HBP flux creating a 'vicious cycle'. Downstream, elevated O-GlcNAcylation alters DNA repair and cellular stress pathways which influence oncogenesis. The elevated steady-state levels of O-GlcNAcylated targets found in many cancers may also provide these cells with a selective advantage for sustained growth, enhanced metastatic potential, and immune evasion in the tumor microenvironment.
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18
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Shi H, Munk A, Nielsen TS, Daughtry MR, Larsson L, Li S, Høyer KF, Geisler HW, Sulek K, Kjøbsted R, Fisher T, Andersen MM, Shen Z, Hansen UK, England EM, Cheng Z, Højlund K, Wojtaszewski JFP, Yang X, Hulver MW, Helm RF, Treebak JT, Gerrard DE. Skeletal muscle O-GlcNAc transferase is important for muscle energy homeostasis and whole-body insulin sensitivity. Mol Metab 2018. [PMID: 29525407 PMCID: PMC6001359 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2018.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Given that cellular O-GlcNAcylation levels are thought to be real-time measures of cellular nutrient status and dysregulated O-GlcNAc signaling is associated with insulin resistance, we evaluated the role of O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT), the enzyme that mediates O-GlcNAcylation, in skeletal muscle. Methods We assessed O-GlcNAcylation levels in skeletal muscle from obese, type 2 diabetic people, and we characterized muscle-specific OGT knockout (mKO) mice in metabolic cages and measured energy expenditure and substrate utilization pattern using indirect calorimetry. Whole body insulin sensitivity was assessed using the hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp technique and tissue-specific glucose uptake was subsequently evaluated. Tissues were used for histology, qPCR, Western blot, co-immunoprecipitation, and chromatin immunoprecipitation analyses. Results We found elevated levels of O-GlcNAc-modified proteins in obese, type 2 diabetic people compared with well-matched obese and lean controls. Muscle-specific OGT knockout mice were lean, and whole body energy expenditure and insulin sensitivity were increased in these mice, consistent with enhanced glucose uptake and elevated glycolytic enzyme activities in skeletal muscle. Moreover, enhanced glucose uptake was also observed in white adipose tissue that was browner than that of WT mice. Interestingly, mKO mice had elevated mRNA levels of Il15 in skeletal muscle and increased circulating IL-15 levels. We found that OGT in muscle mediates transcriptional repression of Il15 by O-GlcNAcylating Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 (EZH2). Conclusions Elevated muscle O-GlcNAc levels paralleled insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes in humans. Moreover, OGT-mediated signaling is necessary for proper skeletal muscle metabolism and whole-body energy homeostasis, and our data highlight O-GlcNAcylation as a potential target for ameliorating metabolic disorders. Type 2 diabetic humans have elevated O-GlcNAc levels in skeletal muscle. Knockout of OGT in muscle elevates whole body insulin sensitivity. Knockout of OGT in muscle increases resistance to diet-induced obesity. Muscle-specific OGT knockout mice have elevated plasma IL-15 levels. OGT in muscle controls Il15 expression by O-GlcNAcylation and inhibition of EZH2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Shi
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Alexander Munk
- Section of Integrative Physiology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DK2200, Denmark
| | - Thomas S Nielsen
- Section of Integrative Physiology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DK2200, Denmark
| | - Morgan R Daughtry
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Louise Larsson
- Section of Integrative Physiology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DK2200, Denmark
| | - Shize Li
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Kasper F Høyer
- Section of Integrative Physiology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DK2200, Denmark; Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, DK8000, Denmark
| | - Hannah W Geisler
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Karolina Sulek
- Section of Integrative Physiology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DK2200, Denmark
| | - Rasmus Kjøbsted
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DK2100, Denmark
| | - Taylor Fisher
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Marianne M Andersen
- Section of Integrative Physiology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DK2200, Denmark
| | - Zhengxing Shen
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Ulrik K Hansen
- Section of Integrative Physiology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DK2200, Denmark
| | - Eric M England
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Zhiyong Cheng
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Kurt Højlund
- Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; Section of Molecular Diabetes and Metabolism, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jørgen F P Wojtaszewski
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DK2100, Denmark
| | - Xiaoyong Yang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Matthew W Hulver
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; The Virginia Tech Metabolic Phenotyping Core, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Richard F Helm
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Jonas T Treebak
- Section of Integrative Physiology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DK2200, Denmark.
| | - David E Gerrard
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
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Kim MJ, Choi MY, Lee DH, Roh GS, Kim HJ, Kang SS, Cho GJ, Kim YS, Choi WS. O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase enhances secretory clusterin expression via liver X receptors and sterol response element binding protein regulation in cervical cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 9:4625-4636. [PMID: 29435130 PMCID: PMC5797001 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) expression is increased in various cancer types, indicating the potential importance of O-GlcNAcylation in tumorigenesis. Secretory clusterin (sCLU) is involved in cancer cell proliferation and drug resistance, and recently, liver X receptors (LXRs) and sterol response element binding protein-1 (SREBP-1) were reported to regulate sCLU transcription. Here, we found that sCLU is significantly increased in cervical cancer cell lines, which have higher expression levels of O-GlcNAc and OGT than keratinocytes. OGT knockdown decreased expression of LXRs, SREBP-1 and sCLU through hypo-O-GlcNAcylation of LXRs. Additionally, treatment with Thiamet G, O-GlcNAcase OGA inhibitor, increased expression of O-GlcNAcylation and sCLU, and high glucose increased levels of LXRs, SREBP-1 and sCLU in HeLa cells. Moreover, OGT knockdown induced G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest and late apoptosis in cisplatin-treated HeLa cells, and decreased viability compared to OGT intact HeLa cells. Taken together, these findings suggest that OGT, O-GlcNAcylated LXRs, and SREBP-1 increase sCLU expression in cervical cancer cells, which contributes to drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jun Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Mee Young Choi
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hoon Lee
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Gu Seob Roh
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Joon Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Soo Kang
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeong Jae Cho
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Sook Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Wan Sung Choi
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
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20
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Parween S, Varghese DS, Ardah MT, Prabakaran AD, Mensah-Brown E, Emerald BS, Ansari SA. Higher O-GlcNAc Levels Are Associated with Defects in Progenitor Proliferation and Premature Neuronal Differentiation during in-Vitro Human Embryonic Cortical Neurogenesis. Front Cell Neurosci 2017; 11:415. [PMID: 29311838 PMCID: PMC5742625 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2017.00415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The nutrient responsive O-GlcNAcylation is a dynamic post-translational protein modification found on several nucleocytoplasmic proteins. Previous studies have suggested that hyperglycemia induces the levels of total O-GlcNAcylation inside the cells. Hyperglycemia mediated increase in protein O-GlcNAcylation has been shown to be responsible for various pathologies including insulin resistance and Alzheimer's disease. Since maternal hyperglycemia during pregnancy is associated with adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes in the offspring, it is intriguing to identify the effect of increased protein O-GlcNAcylation on embryonic neurogenesis. Herein using human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) as model, we show that increased levels of total O-GlcNAc is associated with decreased neural progenitor proliferation and premature differentiation of cortical neurons, reduced AKT phosphorylation, increased apoptosis and defects in the expression of various regulators of embryonic corticogenesis. As defects in proliferation and differentiation during neurodevelopment are common features of various neurodevelopmental disorders, increased O-GlcNAcylation could be one mechanism responsible for defective neurodevelopmental outcomes in metabolically compromised pregnancies such as diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shama Parween
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Divya S Varghese
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mustafa T Ardah
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ashok D Prabakaran
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Eric Mensah-Brown
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Bright Starling Emerald
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Suraiya A Ansari
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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21
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Hayakawa K, Hirosawa M, Tani R, Yoneda C, Tanaka S, Shiota K. H2A O-GlcNAcylation at serine 40 functions genomic protection in association with acetylated H2AZ or γH2AX. Epigenetics Chromatin 2017; 10:51. [PMID: 29084613 PMCID: PMC5663087 DOI: 10.1186/s13072-017-0157-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We have previously reported a novel O-GlcNAc modification at serine 40 (S40) of H2A (H2AS40Gc). S40-type H2A isoforms susceptible to O-GlcNAcylation are evolutionarily new and restricted to the viviparous animals; however, the biological function of H2AS40Gc is largely unknown. H2A isoforms are consisted of S40 and alanine 40 (A40) type and this residue on H2A is located in the L1 of the globular domain, which is also known as a variable portion that distinguishes between the canonical and non-canonical H2A variants. In this study, by considering the similarity between the S40-type H2A and histone H2A variants, we explored the function of H2AS40Gc in mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs). Results We found several similarities between the S40-type H2A isoforms and histone H2A variants such H2AZ and H2AX. mRNA of S40-type H2A isoforms (H2A1 N and H2A3) had a poly(A) tail and was produced throughout the cell cycle in contrast to that of A40-type. Importantly, H2AS40Gc level increased owing to chemical-induced DNA damage, similar to phosphorylated H2AX (γH2AX) and acetylated H2AZ (AcH2AZ). H2AS40Gc was accumulated at the restricted area (± 1.5 kb) of DNA damage sites induced by CRISPR/CAS9 system in contrast to accumulation of γH2AX, which was widely scattered. Overexpression of the wild-type (WT) H2A3, but not the S40 to A40 mutation (S40A-mutant), protected the mESC genome against chemical-induced DNA damage. Furthermore, 3 h after the DNA damage treatment, the genome was almost recovered in WT mESCs, whereas the damage advanced further in the S40A-mutant mESCs, suggesting functions of H2AS40Gc in the DNA repair mechanism. Furthermore, the S40A mutant prevented the accumulation of the DNA repair apparatus such as DNA-PKcs and Rad51 at the damage site. Co-immunoprecipitation experiment in WT and S40A-mutant mESCs revealed that H2AS40Gc physiologically bound to AcH2AZ at the initial phase upon DNA damage, followed by binding with γH2AX during the DNA damage repair process. Conclusions These data suggest that H2AS40Gc functions to maintain genome integrity through the DNA repair mechanism in association with AcH2AZ and γH2AX. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13072-017-0157-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Hayakawa
- Laboratory of Cellular Biochemistry, Department of Animal Resource Sciences/Veterinary Medical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Mitsuko Hirosawa
- Laboratory of Cellular Biochemistry, Department of Animal Resource Sciences/Veterinary Medical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Ruiko Tani
- Laboratory of Cellular Biochemistry, Department of Animal Resource Sciences/Veterinary Medical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Chikako Yoneda
- Laboratory of Cellular Biochemistry, Department of Animal Resource Sciences/Veterinary Medical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Satoshi Tanaka
- Laboratory of Cellular Biochemistry, Department of Animal Resource Sciences/Veterinary Medical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Kunio Shiota
- Laboratory of Cellular Biochemistry, Department of Animal Resource Sciences/Veterinary Medical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan. .,Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan.
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22
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Ma X, Li H, He Y, Hao J. The emerging link between O-GlcNAcylation and neurological disorders. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:3667-3686. [PMID: 28534084 PMCID: PMC11107615 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2542-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2016] [Revised: 04/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
O-linked β-N-acetylglucosaminylation (O-GlcNAcylation) is involved in the regulation of many cellular cascades and neurological diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and stroke. In the brain, the expression of O-GlcNAcylation is notably heightened, as is that of O-linked N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (OGT) and β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (OGA), the presence of which is prominent in many regions of neurological importance. Most importantly, O-GlcNAcylation is believed to contribute to the normal functioning of neurons; conversely, its dysregulation participates in the pathogenesis of neurological disorders. In neurodegenerative diseases, O-GlcNAcylation of the brain's key proteins, such as tau and amyloid-β, interacts with their phosphorylation, thereby triggering the formation of neurofibrillary tangles and amyloid plaques. An increase of O-GlcNAcylation by pharmacological intervention prevents neuronal loss. Additionally, O-GlcNAcylation is stress sensitive, and its elevation is cytoprotective. Increased O-GlcNAcylation ameliorated brain damage in victims of both trauma-hemorrhage and stroke. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of O-GlcNAcylation's physiological and pathological roles in the nervous system and provide a foundation for development of a therapeutic strategy for neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Ma
- Department of Neurology and Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - He Li
- Department of Neurology and Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Yating He
- Department of Neurology and Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Junwei Hao
- Department of Neurology and Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China.
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23
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Koo JH, Cho JY. Erratum to: Treadmill Exercise Attenuates α-Synuclein Levels by Promoting Mitochondrial Function and Autophagy Possibly via SIRT1 in the Chronic MPTP/P-Induced Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease. Neurotox Res 2017; 32:532-533. [PMID: 28741160 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-017-9779-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Hoon Koo
- Department of Exercise Biochemistry, Korea National Sport University, Seoul, 138-763, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Sport Science, Korea National Sport University, Seoul, 138-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Yong Cho
- Department of Exercise Biochemistry, Korea National Sport University, Seoul, 138-763, Republic of Korea.
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24
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Seasonal and flight-related variation of galectin expression in heart, liver and flight muscles of yellow-rumped warblers (Setophaga coronata). Glycoconj J 2017; 34:603-611. [DOI: 10.1007/s10719-017-9779-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Revised: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/28/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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25
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Resto M, Kim BH, Fernandez AG, Abraham BJ, Zhao K, Lewis BA. O-GlcNAcase Is an RNA Polymerase II Elongation Factor Coupled to Pausing Factors SPT5 and TIF1β. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:22703-22713. [PMID: 27601472 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.751420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe here the identification and functional characterization of the enzyme O-GlcNAcase (OGA) as an RNA polymerase II elongation factor. Using in vitro transcription elongation assays, we show that OGA activity is required for elongation in a crude nuclear extract system, whereas in a purified system devoid of OGA the addition of rOGA inhibited elongation. Furthermore, OGA is physically associated with the known RNA polymerase II (pol II) pausing/elongation factors SPT5 and TRIM28-KAP1-TIF1β, and a purified OGA-SPT5-TIF1β complex has elongation properties. Lastly, ChIP-seq experiments show that OGA maps to the transcriptional start site/5' ends of genes, showing considerable overlap with RNA pol II, SPT5, TRIM28-KAP1-TIF1β, and O-GlcNAc itself. These data all point to OGA as a component of the RNA pol II elongation machinery regulating elongation genome-wide. Our results add a novel and unexpected dimension to the regulation of elongation by the insertion of O-GlcNAc cycling into the pol II elongation regulatory dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Resto
- From the Transcriptional Regulation and Biochemistry Unit, Metabolism Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 30893
| | - Bong-Hyun Kim
- Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, Maryland 21702
| | - Alfonso G Fernandez
- From the Transcriptional Regulation and Biochemistry Unit, Metabolism Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 30893
| | - Brian J Abraham
- Bioinformatics Program, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, and.,Laboratory of Epigenome Biology, NHLBI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Keji Zhao
- Laboratory of Epigenome Biology, NHLBI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Brian A Lewis
- From the Transcriptional Regulation and Biochemistry Unit, Metabolism Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 30893,
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26
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Gagnon J, Daou S, Zamorano N, Iannantuono NVG, Hammond-Martel I, Mashtalir N, Bonneil E, Wurtele H, Thibault P, Affar EB. Undetectable histone O-GlcNAcylation in mammalian cells. Epigenetics 2016; 10:677-91. [PMID: 26075789 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2015.1060387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
O-GlcNAcylation is a posttranslational modification catalyzed by the O-Linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase (OGT) and reversed by O-GlcNAcase (OGA). Numerous transcriptional regulators, including chromatin modifying enzymes, transcription factors, and co-factors, are targeted by O-GlcNAcylation, indicating that this modification is central for chromatin-associated processes. Recently, OGT-mediated O-GlcNAcylation was reported to be a novel histone modification, suggesting a potential role in directly coordinating chromatin structure and function. In contrast, using multiple biochemical approaches, we report here that histone O-GlcNAcylation is undetectable in mammalian cells. Conversely, O-GlcNAcylation of the transcription regulators Host Cell Factor-1 (HCF-1) and Ten-Eleven Translocation protein 2 (TET2) could be readily observed. Our study raises questions on the occurrence and abundance of O-GlcNAcylation as a histone modification in mammalian cells and reveals technical complications regarding the detection of genuine protein O-GlcNAcylation. Therefore, the identification of the specific contexts in which histone O-GlcNAcylation might occur is still to be established.
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Key Words
- Chromatin
- Epigenetics
- H2B K120ub, Histone H2B lysine 120 monoubiquitination
- H2B S112 O-GlcNAc, Histone H2B serine 112 O-GlcNAc
- HCF-1
- HCF-1, Host Cell Factor-1
- Histone
- O-GlcNAc
- O-GlcNAc, O-Linked N-acetylglucosamine
- O-GlcNAcylation
- OGA, O-GlcNAcase
- OGT
- OGT, O-Linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase
- PUGNAc, O-(2-acetamido-2-deoxyglucopyranosylidene) amino N-phenylcarbamate
- Polycomb
- TET2
- TET2, Ten-Eleven Translocation protein 2
- UDP-GlcNAc, Uridine Diphosphate N-Acetylglucosamine
- WGA, Wheat Germ Agglutinin.
- posttranslational modification
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Gagnon
- a Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center and Department of Medicine; University of Montréal ; Montréal, Québec , Canada
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27
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Abstract
O-GlcNAc-ylation is the post-translational addition of an O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine to the serine and threonine residues of thousands of proteins in eukaryotic cells. Specifically, half of the thirty different types of protein components in the nuclear pore complex (NPC) are modified by O-GlcNAc, of which the majority are intrinsically disordered nucleoporins (Nups) containing multiple phenylalanine-glycine (FG) repeats. Moreover, these FG-Nups form a strict selectivity barrier with a high density of O-GlcNAc in the NPC to mediate bidirectional trafficking between the cytoplasm and nucleus. However, the roles that O-GlcNAc plays in the structure and function of the NPC remain obscure. In this review paper, we will discuss the current knowledge of O-GlcNAc-ylated Nups, highlight some new techniques used to probe O-GlcNAc's roles in the nuclear pore, and finally propose a new model for the effect of O-GlcNAc on the NPC's permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Ruba
- Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Weidong Yang
- Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
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28
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OLIVIER-VAN STICHELEN S, HANOVER JA. You are what you eat: O-linked N-acetylglucosamine in disease, development and epigenetics. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2015; 18:339-45. [PMID: 26049631 PMCID: PMC4479189 DOI: 10.1097/mco.0000000000000188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification is both responsive to nutrient availability and capable of altering intracellular cellular signalling. We summarize data defining a role for O-GlcNAcylation in metabolic homeostasis and epigenetic regulation of development in the intrauterine environment. RECENT FINDINGS O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) catalyzes nutrient-driven O-GlcNAc addition and is subject to random X-inactivation. OGT plays key roles in growth factor signalling, stem cell biology, epigenetics and possibly imprinting. The O-GlcNAcase, which removes O-GlcNAc, is subject to tight regulation by higher order chromatin structure. O-GlcNAc cycling plays an important role in the intrauterine environment wherein OGT expression is an important biomarker of placental stress. SUMMARY Regulation of O-GlcNAc cycling by X-inactivation, epigenetic regulation and nutrient-driven processes makes it an ideal candidate for a nutrient-dependent epigenetic regulator of human disease. In addition, O-GlcNAc cycling influences chromatin modifiers critical to the regulation and timing of normal development including the polycomb repression complex and the ten-eleven translocation proteins mediating DNA methyl cytosine demethylation. The pathway also impacts the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis critical to intrauterine programming influencing disease susceptibility in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John A. HANOVER
- National Institute of diabetes and digestive and Kidney diseases, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Corresponding Author: John A. Hanover, NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda MD, 201892-0851;
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29
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Ren XM, Li DF, Jiang S, Lan XQ, Hu Y, Sun H, Wang DC. Structural Basis of Specific Recognition of Non-Reducing Terminal N-Acetylglucosamine by an Agrocybe aegerita Lectin. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0129608. [PMID: 26114302 PMCID: PMC4483166 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
O-linked N-acetylglucosaminylation (O-GlcNAcylation) is a reversible post-translational modification that plays essential roles in many cellular pathways. Research in this field, however, is hampered by the lack of suitable probes to identify, accumulate, and purify the O-GlcNAcylated proteins. We have previously reported the identification of a lectin from the mushroom Agrocybe aegerita, i.e., Agrocybe aegerita lectin 2, or AAL2, that could bind terminal N-acetylglucosamine with higher affinities and specificity than other currently used probes. In this paper, we report the crystal structures of AAL2 and its complexes with GlcNAc and GlcNAcβ1-3Galβ1-4GlcNAc and reveal the structural basis of GlcNAc recognition by AAL2 and residues essential for the binding of terminal N-acetylglucosamine. Study on AAL2 may enable us to design a protein probe that can be used to identify and purify O-GlcNAcylated proteins more efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ming Ren
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Beijing, 100101, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - De-Feng Li
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Beijing, 100101, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuai Jiang
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xian-Qing Lan
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yonglin Hu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Beijing, 100101, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (HS); (DCW)
| | - Da-Cheng Wang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Beijing, 100101, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (HS); (DCW)
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30
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Ortiz-Meoz RF, Jiang J, Lazarus MB, Orman M, Janetzko J, Fan C, Duveau DY, Tan ZW, Thomas CJ, Walker S. A small molecule that inhibits OGT activity in cells. ACS Chem Biol 2015; 10:1392-7. [PMID: 25751766 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.5b00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) is an essential mammalian enzyme that regulates numerous cellular processes through the attachment of O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) residues to nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins. Its targets include kinases, phosphatases, transcription factors, histones, and many other intracellular proteins. The biology of O-GlcNAc modification is still not well understood, and cell-permeable inhibitors of OGT are needed both as research tools and for validating OGT as a therapeutic target. Here, we report a small molecule OGT inhibitor, OSMI-1, developed from a high-throughput screening hit. It is cell-permeable and inhibits protein O-GlcNAcylation in several mammalian cell lines without qualitatively altering cell surface N- or O-linked glycans. The development of this molecule validates high-throughput screening approaches for the discovery of glycosyltransferase inhibitors, and further optimization of this scaffold may lead to yet more potent OGT inhibitors useful for studying OGT in animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo F. Ortiz-Meoz
- Department
of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Jiaoyang Jiang
- Department
of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Michael B. Lazarus
- Department
of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Marina Orman
- Department
of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - John Janetzko
- Department
of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Chenguang Fan
- Department
of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Damien Y. Duveau
- National
Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, United States
| | - Zhi-Wei Tan
- Department
of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Craig J. Thomas
- National
Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, United States
| | - Suzanne Walker
- Department
of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
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31
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Diabetes-associated dysregulation of O-GlcNAcylation in rat cardiac mitochondria. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:6050-5. [PMID: 25918408 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1424017112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated mitochondrial O-GlcNAcylation caused by hyperglycemia, as occurs in diabetes, significantly contributes to mitochondrial dysfunction and to diabetic cardiomyopathy. However, little is known about the enzymology of mitochondrial O-GlcNAcylation. Herein, we investigated the enzymes responsible for cycling O-GlcNAc on mitochondrial proteins and studied the mitochondrial transport of UDP-GlcNAc. Analyses of purified rat heart mitochondria from normal and streptozocin-treated diabetic rats show increased mitochondrial O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and a concomitant decrease in the mito-specific O-GlcNAcase (OGA). Strikingly, OGT is mislocalized in cardiac mitochondria from diabetic rats. Interaction of OGT and complex IV observed in normal rat heart mitochondria is visibly reduced in diabetic samples, where OGT is mislocalized to the matrix. Live cell OGA activity assays establish the presence of O-GlcNAcase within the mitochondria. Furthermore, we establish that the inner mitochondrial membrane transporter, pyrimidine nucleotide carrier, transports UDP-GlcNAc from the cytosol to the inside of the mitochondria. Knockdown of this transporter substantially lowers mitochondrial O-GlcNAcylation. Inhibition of OGT or OGA activity within neonatal rat cardiomyocytes significantly affects energy production, mitochondrial membrane potential, and mitochondrial oxygen consumption. These data suggest that cardiac mitochondria not only have robust O-GlcNAc cycling, but also that dysregulation of O-GlcNAcylation likely plays a key role in mitochondrial dysfunction associated with diabetes.
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32
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A critical perspective of the diverse roles of O-GlcNAc transferase in chromatin. Chromosoma 2015; 124:429-42. [PMID: 25894967 PMCID: PMC4666902 DOI: 10.1007/s00412-015-0513-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Revised: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
O-linked β-N-Acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is a posttranslational modification that is catalyzed by O-GlcNAc transferase (Ogt) and found on a plethora of nuclear and cytosolic proteins in animals and plants. Studies in different model organisms revealed that while O-GlcNAc is required for selected processes in Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila, it has evolved to become required for cell viability in mice, and this has challenged investigations to identify cellular functions that critically require this modification in mammals. Nevertheless, a principal cellular process that engages O-GlcNAcylation in all of these species is the regulation of gene transcription. Here, we revisit several of the primary experimental observations that led to current models of how O-GlcNAcylation affects gene expression. In particular, we discuss the role of the stable association of Ogt with the transcription factors Hcf1 and Tet, the two main Ogt-interacting proteins in nuclei of mammalian cells. We also critically evaluate the evidence that specific residues on core histones, including serine 112 of histone 2B (H2B-S112), are O-GlcNAcylated in vivo and discuss possible physiological effects of these modifications. Finally, we review our understanding of the role of O-GlcNAcylation in Drosophila, where recent studies suggest that the developmental defects in Ogt mutants are all caused by lack of O-GlcNAcylation of a single transcriptional regulator, the Polycomb repressor protein Polyhomeotic (Ph). Collectively, this reexamination of the experimental evidence suggests that a number of recently propagated models about the role of O-GlcNAcylation in transcriptional control should be treated cautiously.
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33
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Bindesbøll C, Fan Q, Nørgaard RC, MacPherson L, Ruan HB, Wu J, Pedersen TÅ, Steffensen KR, Yang X, Matthews J, Mandrup S, Nebb HI, Grønning-Wang LM. Liver X receptor regulates hepatic nuclear O-GlcNAc signaling and carbohydrate responsive element-binding protein activity. J Lipid Res 2015; 56:771-85. [PMID: 25724563 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m049130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver X receptor (LXR)α and LXRβ play key roles in hepatic de novo lipogenesis through their regulation of lipogenic genes, including sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP)-1c and carbohydrate responsive element-binding protein (ChREBP). LXRs activate lipogenic gene transcription in response to feeding, which is believed to be mediated by insulin. We have previously shown that LXRs are targets for glucose-hexosamine-derived O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification enhancing their ability to regulate SREBP-1c promoter activity in vitro. To elucidate insulin-independent effects of feeding on LXR-mediated lipogenic gene expression in vivo, we subjected control and streptozotocin-treated LXRα/β(+/+) and LXRα/β(-/-) mice to a fasting-refeeding regime. We show that under hyperglycemic and hypoinsulinemic conditions, LXRs maintain their ability to upregulate the expression of glycolytic and lipogenic enzymes, including glucokinase (GK), SREBP-1c, ChREBPα, and the newly identified shorter isoform ChREBPβ. Furthermore, glucose-dependent increases in LXR/retinoid X receptor-regulated luciferase activity driven by the ChREBPα promoter was mediated, at least in part, by O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) signaling in Huh7 cells. Moreover, we show that LXR and OGT interact and colocalize in the nucleus and that loss of LXRs profoundly reduced nuclear O-GlcNAc signaling and ChREBPα promoter binding activity in vivo. In summary, our study provides evidence that LXRs act as nutrient and glucose metabolic sensors upstream of ChREBP by modulating GK expression, nuclear O-GlcNAc signaling, and ChREBP expression and activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Bindesbøll
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, N-0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Qiong Fan
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, N-0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Rikke C Nørgaard
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, N-0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Laura MacPherson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S1A8, Canada
| | - Hai-Bin Ruan
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519 Section of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519
| | - Jing Wu
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519 Section of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519
| | - Thomas Å Pedersen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Knut R Steffensen
- Division of Clinical Chemistry Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, C174, SE-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xiaoyong Yang
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519 Section of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519 Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519
| | - Jason Matthews
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, N-0316 Oslo, Norway Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S1A8, Canada
| | - Susanne Mandrup
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Hilde I Nebb
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, N-0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Line M Grønning-Wang
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, N-0316 Oslo, Norway
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34
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Abstract
The molecular signatures of epigenetic regulation and chromatin architectures are fundamental to genetically determined biological processes. Covalent and post-translational chemical modification of the chromatin template can sensitize the genome to changing environmental conditions to establish diverse functional states. Recent interest and research focus surrounds the direct connections between metabolism and chromatin dynamics, which now represents an important conceptual challenge to explain many aspects of metabolic dysfunction. Several components of the epigenetic machinery require intermediates of cellular metabolism for enzymatic function. Furthermore, changes to intracellular metabolism can alter the expression of specific histone methyltransferases and acetyltransferases conferring widespread variations in epigenetic modification patterns. Specific epigenetic influences of dietary glucose and lipid consumption, as well as undernutrition, are observed across numerous organs and pathways associated with metabolism. Studies have started to define the chromatin-dependent mechanisms underlying persistent and pathophysiological changes induced by altered metabolism. Importantly, numerous recent studies demonstrate that gene regulation underlying phenotypic determinants of adult metabolic health is influenced by maternal and early postnatal diet. These emerging concepts open new perspectives to combat the rising global epidemic of metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel T. Keating
- From the Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease Laboratory (S.T.K., A.E.-O.) and Epigenomics Profiling Facility (S.T.K., A.E.-O.), Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, The Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (A.E.-O.); and Central Clinical School, Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (A.E.-O.)
| | - Assam El-Osta
- From the Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease Laboratory (S.T.K., A.E.-O.) and Epigenomics Profiling Facility (S.T.K., A.E.-O.), Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, The Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (A.E.-O.); and Central Clinical School, Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (A.E.-O.)
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35
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Keembiyehetty C, Love DC, Harwood KR, Gavrilova O, Comly ME, Hanover JA. Conditional knock-out reveals a requirement for O-linked N-Acetylglucosaminase (O-GlcNAcase) in metabolic homeostasis. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:7097-113. [PMID: 25596529 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.617779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
O-GlcNAc cycling is maintained by the reciprocal activities of the O-GlcNAc transferase and the O-GlcNAcase (OGA) enzymes. O-GlcNAc transferase is responsible for O-GlcNAc addition to serine and threonine (Ser/Thr) residues and OGA for its removal. Although the Oga gene (MGEA5) is a documented human diabetes susceptibility locus, its role in maintaining insulin-glucose homeostasis is unclear. Here, we report a conditional disruption of the Oga gene in the mouse. The resulting homozygous Oga null (KO) animals lack OGA enzymatic activity and exhibit elevated levels of the O-GlcNAc modification. The Oga KO animals showed nearly complete perinatal lethality associated with low circulating glucose and low liver glycogen stores. Defective insulin-responsive GSK3β phosphorylation was observed in both heterozygous (HET) and KO Oga animals. Although Oga HET animals were viable, they exhibited alterations in both transcription and metabolism. Transcriptome analysis using mouse embryonic fibroblasts revealed deregulation in the transcripts of both HET and KO animals specifically in genes associated with metabolism and growth. Additionally, metabolic profiling showed increased fat accumulation in HET and KO animals compared with WT, which was increased by a high fat diet. Reduced insulin sensitivity, glucose tolerance, and hyperleptinemia were also observed in HET and KO female mice. Notably, the respiratory exchange ratio of the HET animals was higher than that observed in WT animals, indicating the preferential utilization of glucose as an energy source. These results suggest that the loss of mouse OGA leads to defects in metabolic homeostasis culminating in obesity and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dona C Love
- From the Laboratory of Cell Biology and Biochemistry and
| | | | - Oksana Gavrilova
- Mouse Metabolic Core Laboratory, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | | | - John A Hanover
- From the Laboratory of Cell Biology and Biochemistry and
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36
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Bauer C, Göbel K, Nagaraj N, Colantuoni C, Wang M, Müller U, Kremmer E, Rottach A, Leonhardt H. Phosphorylation of TET proteins is regulated via O-GlcNAcylation by the O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT). J Biol Chem 2015; 290:4801-4812. [PMID: 25568311 PMCID: PMC4335217 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.605881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
TET proteins oxidize 5-methylcytosine to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine, 5-formylcytosine, and 5-carboxylcytosine and thus provide a possible means for active DNA demethylation in mammals. Although their catalytic mechanism is well characterized and the catalytic dioxygenase domain is highly conserved, the function of the regulatory regions (the N terminus and the low-complexity insert between the two parts of the dioxygenase domains) is only poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that TET proteins are subject to a variety of post-translational modifications that mostly occur at these regulatory regions. We mapped TET modification sites at amino acid resolution and show for the first time that TET1, TET2, and TET3 are highly phosphorylated. The O-linked GlcNAc transferase, which we identified as a strong interactor with all three TET proteins, catalyzes the addition of a GlcNAc group to serine and threonine residues of TET proteins and thereby decreases both the number of phosphorylation sites and site occupancy. Interestingly, the different TET proteins display unique post-translational modification patterns, and some modifications occur in distinct combinations. In summary, our results provide a novel potential mechanism for TET protein regulation based on a dynamic interplay of phosphorylation and O-GlcNAcylation at the N terminus and the low-complexity insert region. Our data suggest strong cross-talk between the modification sites that could allow rapid adaption of TET protein localization, activity, or targeting due to changing environmental conditions as well as in response to external stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Bauer
- Biocenter, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried
| | - Klaus Göbel
- Biocenter, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried
| | | | | | - Mengxi Wang
- Biocenter, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried
| | - Udo Müller
- Biocenter, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried
| | - Elisabeth Kremmer
- Institute for Molecular Immunology, Helmholtz Center Munich, 81377 München-Groβhadern
| | - Andrea Rottach
- Biocenter, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried,.
| | - Heinrich Leonhardt
- Biocenter, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried,; Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPSM), 81377 München, Germany.
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37
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Zimmerman AD, Harris RBS. In vivo and in vitro evidence that chronic activation of the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway interferes with leptin-dependent STAT3 phosphorylation. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2015; 308:R543-55. [PMID: 25568075 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00347.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported that a 2-day peripheral infusion of glucosamine caused leptin resistance in rats, suggesting a role for the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) in the development of leptin resistance. Here we tested leptin responsiveness in mice in which HBP activity was stimulated by offering 30% sucrose solution in addition to chow and water or by infusing glucosamine. Mice were leptin resistant after 33 days of access to sucrose. Resistance was associated with increased activity of the HBP and with phosphorylation of transcription factor signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 Tyr705 [pSTAT3(Y705)] but inhibition of suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 in the liver and hypothalamus. Intravenous infusion of glucosamine for 3 h stimulated pSTAT3(Y705) but prevented leptin-induced phosphorylation of STAT3(S727). In an in vitro system, glucose, glucosamine, and leptin each dose dependently increased O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) protein and pSTAT3(Y705) in HepG2 cells. To test the effect of glucose on leptin responsiveness cells were incubated in 5.5 mM (LG) or 20 mM (HG) glucose for 18 h and were treated with 0 or 50 ng/ml leptin for 15 min. HG alone and LG + leptin produced similar increases in O-GlcNAc protein, glutamine fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase (GFAT), and pSTAT3(Y705) compared with LG media. Leptin did not stimulate these proteins in HG cells, suggesting leptin resistance. Leptin-induced pSTAT3(S727) was prevented by HG media. Inhibition of GFAT with azaserine prevented LG + leptin and HG stimulation of pSTAT3. These data demonstrate development of leptin resistance in sucrose-drinking mice and provide new evidence of leptin-induced stimulation of the HBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur D Zimmerman
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Ruth B S Harris
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia
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38
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Abstract
O-GlcNAcylation is an abundant nutrient-driven modification linked to cellular signaling and regulation of gene expression. Utilizing precursors derived from metabolic flux, O-GlcNAc functions as a homeostatic regulator. The enzymes of O-GlcNAc cycling, OGT and O-GlcNAcase, act in mitochondria, the cytoplasm, and the nucleus in association with epigenetic "writers" and "erasers" of the histone code. Both O-GlcNAc and O-phosphate modify repeats within the RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain (CTD). By communicating with the histone and CTD codes, O-GlcNAc cycling provides a link between cellular metabolic status and the epigenetic machinery. Thus, O-GlcNAcylation is poised to influence trans-generational epigenetic inheritance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John A Hanover
- NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
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39
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Janetzko J, Walker S. The making of a sweet modification: structure and function of O-GlcNAc transferase. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:34424-32. [PMID: 25336649 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.r114.604405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
O-GlcNAc transferase is an essential mammalian enzyme responsible for transferring a single GlcNAc moiety from UDP-GlcNAc to specific serine/threonine residues of hundreds of nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins. This modification is dynamic and has been implicated in numerous signaling pathways. An unexpected second function for O-GlcNAc transferase as a protease involved in cleaving the epigenetic regulator HCF-1 has also been reported. Recent structural and biochemical studies that provide insight into the mechanism of glycosylation and HCF-1 cleavage will be described, with outstanding questions highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Janetzko
- the Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
| | - Suzanne Walker
- From the Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115 and
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40
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Issad T, Pagesy P. [Protein O-GlcNAcylation and regulation of cell signalling: involvement in pathophysiology]. Biol Aujourdhui 2014; 208:109-17. [PMID: 25190571 DOI: 10.1051/jbio/2014015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
O-GlcNAcylation corresponds to the addition of N-acetyl glucosamine (GlcNAc) on serine or threonine residues of cytosolic and nuclear proteins. This reversible post-translational modification regulates protein phosphorylation, sub-cellular localisation, stability and activity. Only two enzymes, OGT (O-linked N-acetyl-glucosaminyltransferase) and OGA (O-linked N-acetyl-β-D glucosaminidase), control the addition and removal of GlcNAc from more than a thousand of proteins. Alternative splicing generates different isoforms of OGT and OGA, and address these enzymes to different sub-cellular compartments (mitochondria, cytosol...), restraining their action to specific subsets of substrates. Moreover, interaction with adaptor proteins may also help address these enzymes to specific substrates. Alterations in protein O-GlcNAcylation have been observed in a number of important human diseases, such as Alzheimer, cancer and diabetes. A reciprocal relationship between Tau protein phosphorylation and O-GlcNAcylation has been observed, and decreased O-GlcNAcylation in the brain of patients with Alzheimer diseases may favour Tau aggregation, destabilisation of microtubules and neuronal alterations. Alterations in OGT/OGA expression levels, and in protein O-GlcNAcylation, have been described in different types of cancer, and much evidence indicates that O-GlcNAcylation may participate in abnormal proliferation and migration of cancer cells. O-GlcNAcylation of transcription factors and signalling effectors may also participate in defects observed in diabetes. Indeed, in situation of chronic hyperglycaemia, abnormal O-GlcNAcylation may have deleterious effect on insulin secretion and action, resulting in further impairment of glucose homeostasis. Therefore, O-GlcNAcylation appears to be a major regulator of cellular activities and may play an important part in different human diseases. However, because of the large spectrum of OGT and OGA substrates, targeting O-GlcNAc for treatment of these diseases will be a highly challenging task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarik Issad
- Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, CNRS (UMR 8104), Paris, France - INSERM, U1016, Paris, France
| | - Patrick Pagesy
- Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, CNRS (UMR 8104), Paris, France - INSERM, U1016, Paris, France
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41
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Olivier-Van Stichelen S, Abramowitz LK, Hanover JA. X marks the spot: does it matter that O-GlcNAc transferase is an X-linked gene? Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 453:201-7. [PMID: 24960196 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.06.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
O-GlcNAcylation has emerged as a critical post-translational modification important for a wide array of cellular processes. This modification has been identified on a large pool of intracellular proteins that have wide-ranging roles, including transcriptional regulation, cell cycle progression, and signaling, among others. Interestingly, in mammals the single gene encoding O-GlcNAc Transferase (OGT) is located on the X-chromosome near the Xist locus suggesting that tight dosage regulation is necessary for normal development. Herein, we highlight the importance of OGT dosage and consider how its genomic location can contribute to a gender-specific increased risk for a number of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Olivier-Van Stichelen
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Lara K Abramowitz
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - John A Hanover
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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