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Li X, Guo L, Huang F, Xu W, Peng G. Cornuside inhibits glucose-induced proliferation and inflammatory response of mesangial cells. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 27:513-520. [PMID: 37884283 PMCID: PMC10613572 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2023.27.6.513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Cornuside is a secoiridoid glucoside compound extracted from the fruits of Cornus officinalis. Cornuside has immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties; however, its potential therapeutic effects on diabetic nephropathy (DN) have not been completely explored. In this study, we established an in vitro model of DN through treating mesangial cells (MMCs) with glucose. MMCs were then treated with different concentrations of cornuside (0, 5, 10, and 30 μM). Cell viability was determined using cell counting kit-8 and 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine assays. Levels of proinflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and IL-1β were examined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting were performed to detect the expression of AKT and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB)-associated genes. We found that cornuside treatment significantly reduced glucose-induced increase in MMC viability and expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Moreover, cornuside inhibited glucose-induced phosphorylation of AKT and NF-κB inhibitor alpha, decreased the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen and cyclin D1, and increased the expression of p21. Our study indicates that the anti-inflammatory properties of cornuside in DN are due to AKT and NF-κB inactivation in MMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxin Li
- Prevention Medicine, Suzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou 215009, China
- Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lizhong Guo
- Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Fei Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, Suzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Cardiovascular Department, Suzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Guiqing Peng
- Respiratory Department, Suzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou 215009, China
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Wang L, Yan F, Zhang J, Xiao Y, Wang C, Zhu Y, Li C, Liu Z, Li W, Wang C, Liu J, Zhang H, Xiong H, Shi D. Cornuside improves murine autoimmune hepatitis through inhibition of inflammatory responses. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 120:155077. [PMID: 37716032 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) poses an important public health concern worldwide, with few therapeutic options available. Cornuside, a primary cornel iridoid glycoside present in Cornus officinalis Sieb. et Zucc., is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine that possesses anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-apoptotic properties. However, the effects of cornuside on autoimmune diseases including AIH is still not defined, neither is clear on the mechanisms of cornuside in the suppression of inflammatory responses. PURPOSE The study was aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of cornuside on AIH using murine models. STUDY DESIGN A murine model of AIH induced by concanavalin A (Con A) was used to examine the pharmacological activity of cornuside in suppressing the inflammatory responses in vivo. METHODS C57BL/6J mice were intravenously with different doses of cornuside and challenged with 18 mg/kg Con A 3 h later. Network pharmacological analysis was performed to identify the potential target genes and signaling pathways by cornuside in AIH. Next serum and liver tissues were collected 12 h after Con A injection to analyze the levels of markers for hepatic injury, apoptosis, oxidative stress, immune responses, and inflammation. RESULTS Network pharmacological analysis revealed that cornuside may modulate oxidative stress and apoptosis in AIH. Compared with the Con A group, cornuside pretreatment significantly reduced the serum levels of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase, improving histopathological damage and apoptosis in the livers. In addition, cornuside decreased the levels of malondialdehyde, myeloperoxidase, but increased superoxide dismutase levels, suggesting the relieving of oxidative stress. Furthermore, cornuside suppressed the activation of T and natural killer T cells, whereas the proportion of myeloid-derived suppressor cells was significantly increased. The production of proinflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-6, IL-12, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), was also clearly decreased. Finally, western blot analysis displayed that cornuside inhibited the phosphorylation of extracellular receptor kinase (ERK) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that cornuside has protective effects for Con A-induced immune-mediated hepatitis by suppressing the oxidative stress, apoptosis, and the inflammatory responses through the ERK and JNK signaling pathways, as well as by modulating the activation and recruitment of immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China; Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Fenglian Yan
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China; Jining Key Laboratory of Immunology, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Junfeng Zhang
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China; Jining Key Laboratory of Immunology, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Yucai Xiao
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China; Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Changying Wang
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China; Jining Key Laboratory of Immunology, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Yuanbo Zhu
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China; Jining Key Laboratory of Immunology, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Chunxia Li
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China; Jining Key Laboratory of Immunology, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Zhihong Liu
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China; Jining Key Laboratory of Immunology, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Wenbo Li
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Chengduo Wang
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China; Jining Key Laboratory of Immunology, Jining Medical University, Jining, China.
| | - Huabao Xiong
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China; Jining Key Laboratory of Immunology, Jining Medical University, Jining, China.
| | - Dongmei Shi
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China; Laboratory of Medical Mycology, Department of Dermatology, Jining No.1 People's Hospital, Jining, China.
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Therapeutic Effects of Cornuside on Particulate Matter-Induced Lung Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054979. [PMID: 36902409 PMCID: PMC10002561 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Particulate matter (PM) is a mixture comprising both organic and inorganic particles, both of which are hazardous to health. The inhalation of airborne PM with a diameter of ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5) can cause considerable lung damage. Cornuside (CN), a natural bisiridoid glucoside derived from the fruit of Cornus officinalis Sieb, exerts protective properties against tissue damage via controlling the immunological response and reducing inflammation. However, information regarding the therapeutic potential of CN in patients with PM2.5-induced lung injury is limited. Thus, herein, we examined the protective properties of CN against PM2.5-induced lung damage. Mice were categorized into eight groups (n = 10): a mock control group, a CN control group (0.8 mg/kg mouse body weight), four PM2.5+CN groups (0.2, 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8 mg/kg mouse body weight), and a PM2.5+CN group (0.2, 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8 mg/kg mouse body weight). The mice were administered with CN 30 min following intratracheal tail vein injection of PM2.5. In mice exposed to PM2.5, different parameters including changes in lung tissue wet/dry (W/D) lung weight ratio, total protein/total cell ratio, lymphocyte counts, inflammatory cytokine levels in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), vascular permeability, and histology were examined. Our findings revealed that CN reduced lung damage, the W/D weight ratio, and hyperpermeability caused by PM2.5. Moreover, CN reduced the plasma levels of inflammatory cytokines produced because of PM2.5 exposure, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and nitric oxide, as well as the total protein concentration in the BALF, and successfully attenuated PM2.5-associated lymphocytosis. In addition, CN substantially reduced the expression levels of Toll-like receptors 4 (TLR4), MyD88, and autophagy-related proteins LC3 II and Beclin 1, and increased protein phosphorylation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Thus, the anti-inflammatory property of CN renders it a potential therapeutic agent for treating PM2.5-induced lung injury by controlling the TLR4-MyD88 and mTOR-autophagy pathways.
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Danielewski M, Gomułkiewicz A, Kucharska AZ, Matuszewska A, Nowak B, Piórecki N, Trocha M, Szandruk-Bender M, Jawień P, Szeląg A, Dzięgiel P, Sozański T. Cornelian Cherry ( Cornus mas L.) Iridoid and Anthocyanin-Rich Extract Reduces Various Oxidation, Inflammation, and Adhesion Markers in a Cholesterol-Rich Diet Rabbit Model. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043890. [PMID: 36835296 PMCID: PMC9959706 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherogenesis leads to the development of atherosclerosis, a progressive chronic disease characterized by subendothelial lipoprotein retention and endothelial impairment in the arterial wall. It develops mainly as a result of inflammation and also many other complex processes, which arise from, among others, oxidation and adhesion. Cornelian cherry (Cornus mas L.) fruits are abundant in iridoids and anthocyanins-compounds with potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. This study aimed to determine the effect of two different doses (10 mg and 50 mg per kg of body weight, respectively) of iridoid and anthocyanin-rich resin-purified Cornelian cherry extract on the markers that are important in the progress of inflammation, cell proliferation and adhesion, immune system cell infiltration, and atherosclerotic lesion development in a cholesterol-rich diet rabbit model. We used biobank blood and liver samples that were collected during the previous original experiment. We assessed the mRNA expression of MMP-1, MMP-9, IL-6, NOX, and VCAM-1 in the aorta, and the serum levels of VCAM-1, ICAM-1, CRP, PON-1, MCP-1, and PCT. The application of the Cornelian cherry extract at a dose of 50 mg/kg bw resulted in a significant reduction in MMP-1, IL-6, and NOX mRNA expression in the aorta and a decrease in VCAM-1, ICAM-1, PON-1, and PCT serum levels. The administration of a 10 mg/kg bw dose caused a significant decrease in serum ICAM-1, PON-1, and MCP-1. The results indicate the potential usefulness of the Cornelian cherry extract in the prevention or treatment of atherogenesis-related cardiovascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis or metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Danielewski
- Department of Pharmacology, Wroclaw Medical University, J. Mikulicza-Radeckiego 2, 50-345 Wroclaw, Poland
- Correspondence: (M.D.); (T.S.)
| | - Agnieszka Gomułkiewicz
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, T. Chalubinskiego 6a, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Alicja Z. Kucharska
- Department of Fruit, Vegetable, and Plant Nutraceutical Technology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, J. Chelmonskiego 37, 51-630 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Matuszewska
- Department of Pharmacology, Wroclaw Medical University, J. Mikulicza-Radeckiego 2, 50-345 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Beata Nowak
- Department of Pharmacology, Wroclaw Medical University, J. Mikulicza-Radeckiego 2, 50-345 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Narcyz Piórecki
- Bolestraszyce Arboretum and Institute of Physiography, Bolestraszyce 130, 37-722 Wyszatyce, Poland
- Institute of Physical Culture Sciences, Medical College, University of Rzeszow, A. Towarnickiego 3, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Trocha
- Department of Pharmacology, Wroclaw Medical University, J. Mikulicza-Radeckiego 2, 50-345 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Marta Szandruk-Bender
- Department of Pharmacology, Wroclaw Medical University, J. Mikulicza-Radeckiego 2, 50-345 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Paulina Jawień
- Department of Biostructure and Animal Physiology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, C.K. Norwida 25/27, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Adam Szeląg
- Department of Pharmacology, Wroclaw Medical University, J. Mikulicza-Radeckiego 2, 50-345 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Dzięgiel
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, T. Chalubinskiego 6a, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
- Department of Physiotherapy, Wroclaw University School of Physical Education, I.J. Paderewskiego 35, 51-612 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Sozański
- Department of Pharmacology, Wroclaw Medical University, J. Mikulicza-Radeckiego 2, 50-345 Wroclaw, Poland
- Correspondence: (M.D.); (T.S.)
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Natural Monoterpenes as Potential Therapeutic Agents against Atherosclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032429. [PMID: 36768748 PMCID: PMC9917110 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditional herbal medicines based on natural products play a pivotal role in preventing and managing atherosclerotic diseases, which are among the leading causes of death globally. Monoterpenes are a large class of naturally occurring compounds commonly found in many aromatic and medicinal plants. Emerging evidence has shown that monoterpenes have many biological properties, including cardioprotective effects. Remarkably, an increasing number of studies have demonstrated the therapeutic potential of natural monoterpenes to protect against the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. These findings shed light on developing novel effective antiatherogenic drugs from these compounds. Herein, we provide an overview of natural monoterpenes' effects on atherogenesis and the underlying mechanisms. Monoterpenes have pleiotropic and multitargeted pharmacological properties by interacting with various cell types and intracellular molecular pathways involved in atherogenesis. These properties confer remarkable advantages in managing atherosclerosis, which has been recognized as a multifaceted vascular disease. We also discuss limitations in the potential clinical application of monoterpenes as therapeutic agents against atherosclerosis. We propose perspectives to give new insights into future preclinical research and clinical practice regarding natural monoterpenes.
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Wójciak M, Zagórska-Dziok M, Nizioł-Łukaszewska Z, Ziemlewska A, Furman-Toczek D, Szczepanek D, Sowa I. In Vitro Evaluation of Anti-Inflammatory and Protective Potential of an Extract from Cornus mas L. Fruit against H 2O 2-Induced Oxidative Stress in Human Skin Keratinocytes and Fibroblasts. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213755. [PMID: 36430233 PMCID: PMC9696105 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cornus mas L. is a rich source of valuable compounds with pro-health properties and, therefore, may be attractive for the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industry. This paper attempts to assess the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and protective effect of an extract from C. mas fruit on skin cells in vitro. The phytochemical analysis of the extract was carried out using UPLC-MS and the content of the main components was determined. The biological activity of the extract was assessed by in vitro analysis using two human cell lines: keratinocytes (HaCaT) and fibroblasts (BJ). Additionally, the ability of this extract to regulate gene expression (SOD-1, Nox-4) in skin cells was evaluated. Moreover, the impact of the extract and its main components, including loganic acid and cornuside, on the level of inflammatory cytokines in H2O2-treated cells was assessed. The tests showed that the extract has strong antioxidant properties and stimulates the proliferation of both types of cells. The results evidence that the Cornus mas L. fruit extract significantly reduces the level of reactive oxygen species in the cells tested and can modulate the expression of genes closely related to oxidative stress. Moreover, it suppresses the production of IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α, and the effect was related to loganic acid and cornuside. The present research indicates that the analyzed dogwood extract can be an effective means of prevention of cell damage caused by free radicals and have a positive effect on the condition of skin cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Wójciak
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-817-185-551
| | - Martyna Zagórska-Dziok
- Department of Technology of Cosmetic and Pharmaceutical Products, Medical College, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszow, Kielnarowa 386a, 36-020 Tyczyn, Poland
| | - Zofia Nizioł-Łukaszewska
- Department of Technology of Cosmetic and Pharmaceutical Products, Medical College, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszow, Kielnarowa 386a, 36-020 Tyczyn, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Ziemlewska
- Department of Technology of Cosmetic and Pharmaceutical Products, Medical College, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszow, Kielnarowa 386a, 36-020 Tyczyn, Poland
| | - Dominika Furman-Toczek
- Department of Technology of Cosmetic and Pharmaceutical Products, Medical College, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszow, Kielnarowa 386a, 36-020 Tyczyn, Poland
| | - Dariusz Szczepanek
- Chair and Department of Neurosurgery and Paediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Ireneusz Sowa
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
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Cornuside Is a Potential Agent against Alzheimer’s Disease via Orchestration of Reactive Astrocytes. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14153179. [PMID: 35956355 PMCID: PMC9370780 DOI: 10.3390/nu14153179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cornuside is an iridoid glycoside from Cornus officinalis, with the activities of anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-mitochondrial dysfunction, and neuroprotection. In the present research, a triple-transgenic mice model of AD (3 × Tg-AD) was used to explore the beneficial actions and potential mechanism of cornuside on the memory deficits. We found that cornuside prominently alleviated neuronal injuries, reduced amyloid plaque pathology, inhibited Tau phosphorylation, and repaired synaptic damage. Additionally, cornuside lowered the release of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and nitric oxide (NO), lowered the level of malondialdehyde (MDA), and increased the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the level of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px). Cornuside also significantly reduced the activation of astrocytes and modulated A1/A2 phenotypes by the AKT/Nrf2/NF-κB signaling pathway. We further confirmed that LY294002 and Nrf2 silencing could block the cornuside-mediated phenotypic switch of C6 cells induced by microglia conditioned medium (MCM) in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which indicated that the effects of cornuside in astrocyte activation are dependent on AKT/Nrf2/NF-κB signaling. In conclusion, cornuside may regulate the phenotypic conversion of astrocytes, inhibit neuroinflammation and oxidative stress, improve synaptic plasticity, and alleviate cognitive impairment in mice through the AKT/Nrf2/NF-κB axis. Our present work provides an experimental foundation for further research and development of cornuside as a candidate drug for AD management.
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Kim C, Kim N, Bae JS. Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-oxidant Functions of Cornuside by Regulating NF-[Formula: see text]B, STAT-1, and Nrf2-HO-1 Pathways. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2022; 50:1349-1360. [PMID: 35748214 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x22500574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cornuside (CNS), found in the fruit of Cornus officinalis Seib, is a natural bisiridoid glucoside that possesses therapeutic effects by suppressing inflammation. This study aimed to determine whether CNS could inhibit the inflammatory response induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and mice, as well as to decipher the mechanisms. After activating HUVECs with LPS, the cells were treated with CNS. Cells were then isolated for protein or mRNA assays to analyze signaling and inflammatory molecules. In addition, mice received an intraperitoneal injection of LPS, followed by an intravenously administered dose of CNS. CNS inhibited cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expressions induced by LPS. CNS decreased phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1)-1 by promoting HO-1 expression, inhibiting nuclear factor (NF)-[Formula: see text]B-luciferase activity, and decreasing COX-2/prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and iNOS/NO. Furthermore, CNS treatment in LPS-activated HUVECs increased the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor erythrocyte 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and combined Nrf2 to anti-oxidant response elements and decreased IL-1[Formula: see text] production. Reduced iNOS/NO expression by CNS was restored when HO-1 RNAi inhibited heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). After CNS treatment in vivo, iNOS levels in lung tissue and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-[Formula: see text] expression in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were significantly decreased. The results indicated that CNS increased HO-1 expression, reduced LPS-activated NF-[Formula: see text]B-luciferase activity, and inhibited iNOS/NO and COX-2/PGE2, all of which contributed to the inhibition of STAT-1 phosphorylation. Thus, CNS can be a potential new substance for treating inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaeyeong Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Nayeon Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Sup Bae
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
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Tenuta MC, Deguin B, Loizzo MR, Cuyamendous C, Bonesi M, Sicari V, Trabalzini L, Mitaine-Offer AC, Xiao J, Tundis R. An Overview of Traditional Uses, Phytochemical Compositions and Biological Activities of Edible Fruits of European and Asian Cornus Species. Foods 2022; 11:1240. [PMID: 35563963 PMCID: PMC9102190 DOI: 10.3390/foods11091240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cornus species are widely distributed in central and southern Europe, east Africa, southwest Asia, and America. Several species are known for edible fruits, especially Cornus mas and Cornus officinalis. These delicious fruits, characterized by their remarkable nutritional and biological values, are widely used in traditional medicine. In contrast to the other edible Cornus species, C. mas and C. officinalis are the most studied for which little information is available on the main phytochemicals and their biological activities. Fruits are characterised by several classes of secondary metabolites, such as flavonoids, phenolic acids, lignans, anthocyanins, tannins, triterpenoids, and iridoids. The available phytochemical data show that the different classes of metabolites have not been systematically studied. However, these edible species are all worthy of interest because similarities have been found. Thus, this review describes the traditional uses of Cornus species common in Europe and Asia, a detailed classification of the bioactive compounds that characterize the fruits, and their beneficial health effects. Cornus species are a rich source of phytochemicals with nutritional and functional properties that justify the growing interest in these berries, not only for applications in the food industry but also useful for their medicinal properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria C. Tenuta
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy; (M.C.T.); (M.R.L.); (M.B.); (R.T.)
- Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Université Paris Cité, U.M.R. n°8038-CiTCoM-(CNRS, Université de Paris Cité), F-75006 Paris, France;
| | - Brigitte Deguin
- Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Université Paris Cité, U.M.R. n°8038-CiTCoM-(CNRS, Université de Paris Cité), F-75006 Paris, France;
| | - Monica R. Loizzo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy; (M.C.T.); (M.R.L.); (M.B.); (R.T.)
| | - Claire Cuyamendous
- Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Université Paris Cité, U.M.R. n°8038-CiTCoM-(CNRS, Université de Paris Cité), F-75006 Paris, France;
| | - Marco Bonesi
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy; (M.C.T.); (M.R.L.); (M.B.); (R.T.)
| | - Vincenzo Sicari
- Department of Agraria, “Mediterranea” University of Reggio Calabria, 89124 Reggio Calabria, Italy;
| | - Lorenza Trabalzini
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy;
| | - Anne-Claire Mitaine-Offer
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l’Alimentation, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie, UFR des Sciences de Santé, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, BP 87900, CEDEX, F-21079 Dijon, France;
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universidade de Vigo, Ourense Campus, E-32004 Ourense, Spain;
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Rosa Tundis
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy; (M.C.T.); (M.R.L.); (M.B.); (R.T.)
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Anti-Septic Functions of Cornuside against HMGB1-Mediated Severe Inflammatory Responses. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042065. [PMID: 35216180 PMCID: PMC8874448 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is acknowledged to have critical functions; therefore, targeting this protein may have therapeutic effects. One example is potential antiseptic activity obtained by suppressing HMGB1 secretion, leading to the recovery of vascular barrier integrity. Cornuside (CN), which is a product extracted from the fruit of Cornusofficinalis Seib, is a natural bis-iridoid glycoside with the therapeutic effects of suppressing inflammation and regulating immune responses. However, the mechanism of action of CN and impact on sepsis is still unclear. We examined if CN could suppress HMGB1-induced excessive permeability and if the reduction of HMGB1 in response to LPS treatment increased the survival rate in a mouse model of sepsis. In human endothelial cells stimulated by LPS and mice with septic symptoms of cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), we examined levels of proinflammatory proteins and biomarkers as an index of tissue damage, along with decreased vascular permeability. In both LPS-treated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and the CLP-treated mouse model of sepsis, we applied CN after the induction processes were over. CN suppressed excessive permeability and inhibited HMGB1 release, leading to the amelioration of vascular instability, reduced mortality, and improved histological conditions in the CLP-induced septic mouse model. Overall, we conclude that the suppressed release of HMGB1 and the increased survival rate of mice with CLP-induced sepsis caused by CN may be an effective pharmaceutical treatment for sepsis.
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11
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Ryu SH, Kim C, Kim N, Lee W, Bae JS. Inhibitory functions of cornuside on TGFBIp-mediated septic responses. J Nat Med 2022; 76:451-461. [PMID: 35025027 PMCID: PMC8757402 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-021-01601-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor β-induced protein (TGFBIp), as an extracellular matrix protein, is expressed TGF-β in some types of cells. Experimental sepsis is mediated by expressed and released TGFBIp in primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Cornuside (CNS) is a bisiridoid glucoside compound found in the fruit of Cornus officinalis SIEB. et ZUCC. Based on the known functions of CNS, such as the immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory activities, we tested whether TGFBIp-mediated septic responses were suppressed by CNS in human endothelial cells and mice and investigated the underlying anti-septic mechanisms of CNS. Data showed that the secretion of TGFBIp by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and severe septic responses by TGFBIp were effectively inhibited by CNS. And, TGFBIp-mediated sepsis lethality and pulmonary injury were reduced by CNS. Therefore, the suppression of TGFBIp-mediated septic responses by CNS suggested that CNS may be used as a potential therapeutic agent for several vascular inflammatory diseases, with the inhibition of the TGFBIp signaling pathway as the mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Ho Ryu
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Chaeyeong Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Nayeon Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonhwa Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jong-Sup Bae
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Zhang R, Zhang S, Xu B, Wu Y, Liang S, Hou B, Wang M, Liu J, Yuan Q. Cornuside ameliorated experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by limiting the recruitment of CD4+ T lymphocytes in the spinal cord. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902022e191070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rongbo Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, China
| | | | - Bin Xu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, China
| | - You Wu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, China
| | - Shunli Liang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, China
| | - Bonan Hou
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, China
| | - Mimi Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, China
| | - Qiang Yuan
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, China
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13
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Liu L, Shu A, Zhu Y, Chen Y. Cornuside Alleviates Diabetes Mellitus-Induced Testicular Damage by Modulating the Gut Microbiota. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2021; 2021:5301942. [PMID: 34497657 PMCID: PMC8421159 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5301942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Male reproductive damage, as a common complication of diabetes mellitus (DM), is getting more attention lately. We aimed to explore the protective effects and mechanism of cornuside (Cor) modulating gut microbiota to alleviate diabetes mellitus- (DM-) induced testicular damage. METHODS KK-Ay mice with reproductive damage were randomly divided into the model and Cor treatment groups, and the C57BL/6J mice were used as the normal group. These mice were orally administered Cor for 8 weeks. RESULTS Cor administration ameliorated the diabetes-related symptoms of polydipsia and polyphagia and lowered the fasting blood glucose (FBG) level. The results of pathological injury showed that Cor improved testicular lesions (the rupture of seminiferous tubules, degeneration of germ cells, and structural shrinkage and separation from each other) in DM model mice. Cor significantly increased the testis/body weight ratio, testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels in KK-Ay mice. Cor also protected from reproductive damage by inhibiting apoptosis in the testes of KK-Ay mice. Moreover, Cor significantly increased the sperm count and sperm motility. Additionally, 16S rDNA sequencing analysis showed that Cor could notably reverse the changes in the distribution of gut microbiota and decrease the abundance of Weissella confusa (Weissella), Clostridium sp. ND2 (Clostridium sensu stricto 1), uncultured bacterium (Roseburia), Anaerotruncus colihominis DSM 17241 (Anaerotruncus), [Clostridium] leptum (Anaerotruncus), unidentified (Ruminococcus 1), and uncultured bacterium (Bilophila), which may be a potential biomarker for diagnosing the testicular injury caused by DM. Meanwhile, the heat map of phylum level suggested that the testicular injury caused by DM is closely related to gut microbiota. CONCLUSIONS Cor could alleviate DM-induced testicular damage, probably by modulating the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, #283 Jiefang South Road, Yancheng 224000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Anmei Shu
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yihui Zhu
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuping Chen
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng 224005, Jiangsu, China
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The Protective Effect of Oral Application of Corni Fructus on the Disorders of the Cornea, Conjunctiva, Lacrimal Gland and Retina by Topical Particulate Matter 2.5. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13092986. [PMID: 34578864 PMCID: PMC8464674 DOI: 10.3390/nu13092986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) may aggravate dry eye disease (DED). Corni Fructus (CF), which is fruit of Cornus officinalis Sieb. et Zucc., has been reported to have various beneficial pharmacological effects, whereas the effect of CF on the eye is still unknown. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the effect of oral administration of water extract of CF (CFW) on the eye, hematology, and biochemistry in a DED model induced by topical exposure to PM2.5. Furthermore, the efficacy of CFW compared with cyclosporine (CsA), an anti-inflammatory agent, and lutein, the posterior eye-protective agent. Sprague-Dawley rats were topically administered 5 mg/mL PM2.5 in both eyes four times daily for 14 days. During the same period, CFW (200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg) and lutein (4.1 mg/kg) were orally administered once a day. All eyes of rats in the 0.05% cyclosporine A (CsA)-treated group were topically exposed to 20 μL of CsA, twice daily for 14 days. Oral administration of CFW attenuated the PM2.5-induced reduction of tear secretion and corneal epithelial damage. In addition, CFW protected against goblet cell loss in conjunctiva and overexpression of inflammatory factors in the lacrimal gland following topical exposure to PM2.5. Furthermore, CFW markedly prevented PM2.5-induced ganglion cell loss and recovered the thickness of inner plexiform layer. Meanwhile, CFW treatment decreased the levels of total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in serum induced by PM2.5. Importantly, the efficacy of CFW was superior or similar to that of CsA and lutein. Taken together, oral administration of CFW may have protective effects against PM2.5-induced DED symptoms via stabilization of the tear film and suppression of inflammation. Furthermore, CFW may in part contribute to improving retinal function and lipid metabolism disorder.
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15
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An iridoid glycoside from Cornus officinalis balances intestinal microbiome disorder and alleviates alcohol-induced liver injury. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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Najjar RS, Akhavan NS, Pourafshar S, Arjmandi BH, Feresin RG. Cornus officinalis var. koreana Kitam polyphenol extract decreases pro-inflammatory markers in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages by reducing Akt phosphorylation. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 270:113734. [PMID: 33359857 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cornus officinalis var. koreana Kitam (CO) is found predominantly in China but also in Korea and Japan and has been used in Eastern medicine for over 2000 years to treat several conditions including diabetes, cardiovascular disease and kidney disease. Chronic inflammation underlies the pathogenesis of these diseases. The mechanisms by which CO may exert its anti-inflammatory effects have not been well defined. AIM OF THE STUDY We aimed to determine whether Cornus officinalis var. koreana Kitam extract (COE) attenuate the inflammatory response induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in RAW 264.7 macrophages, and to elucidate the mechanisms which contribute to these anti-inflammatory effects. MATERIALS AND METHODS COE was prepared using ethanolic extraction, followed by solvent evaporation and freeze-drying. RAW 264.7 macrophages were treated with 0, 50, 100, 200 and 400 μg/ml of COE. After 2 h, cells were treated with 100 ng/ml of LPS for 6 h. Cells were then collected for whole cell protein expression analysis of signaling and inflammatory molecules via western blot. RESULTS Pre-treatment with 100, 200 and 400 μg/ml of COE significantly reduced Akt phosphorylation in LPS stimulated macrophages compared to LPS alone (P ≤ 0.003). NF-κB expression was significantly attenuated with 400 μg/ml of COE compared to LPS treatment alone (P = 0.01). LPS induced cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, which was significantly decreased by treatment with 400 μg/ml COE (P = 0.0001 and 0.02, respectively). COE dose-dependently decreased LPS-induced expression of interleukin (IL)-1β (P ≤ 0.0008) and IL-6 (P = 0.01). CONCLUSION In summary, COE attenuated the inflammatory response induced by LPS in RAW 264.7 macrophages, likely due to Akt inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rami S Najjar
- Department of Nutrition, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30302, USA
| | - Neda S Akhavan
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32304, USA; Center for Advancing Exercise and Nutrition Research on Aging, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32304, USA
| | - Shirin Pourafshar
- Center for Advancing Exercise and Nutrition Research on Aging, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32304, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Bahram H Arjmandi
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32304, USA; Center for Advancing Exercise and Nutrition Research on Aging, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32304, USA
| | - Rafaela G Feresin
- Department of Nutrition, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30302, USA.
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Cornelian Cherry Iridoid-Polyphenolic Extract Improves Mucosal Epithelial Barrier Integrity in Rat Experimental Colitis and Exerts Antimicrobial and Antiadhesive Activities In Vitro. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:7697851. [PMID: 33299531 PMCID: PMC7707999 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7697851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background and Aims Inflammatory bowel disease pharmacotherapy, despite substantial progress, is still not satisfactory for both patients and clinicians. In view of the chronic and relapsing disease course and not always effective treatment with adverse effects, attempts to search for new, more efficient, and safer substances are essential and reasonable. This study was designed to elucidate the impact of cornelian cherry iridoid-polyphenolic extract (CE) and loganic acid (LA) on adherent-invasive E. coli growth and adhesion in vitro and to assess the effect of pretreatment with CE or LA on the course of intestinal inflammation in rat experimental colitis compared with sulfasalazine. Methods Antibacterial and antiadhesive activities of CE and LA were assessed using microdilution, Int407 cell adherence, and yeast agglutination assays. The colitis model was induced by 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid. Studied substances were administered intragastrically for 16 days prior to colitis induction. Body weight loss; colon index; histological injuries; IL-23, IL-17, TNF-α, and chemerin levels; and STAT3, Muc2, and TFF3 mRNA expression were evaluated. Results Only CE exerted antimicrobial and antiadhesive activities in vitro and alleviated colonic symptoms. CE coadministrated with sulfasalazine was more effective than single compounds in reversing increased concentrations of TNF-α, IL-17, and chemerin and decreased Muc2 mRNA expression. Conclusions CE exerted a protective effect against experimental colitis via impaired mucosal epithelial barrier restoration and intestinal inflammatory response attenuation and given concomitantly with sulfasalazine counteracted colitis in a more effective way than sulfasalazine alone, which indicates their synergistic interaction. The beneficial effect of CE may also be due to its bacteriostatic and antiadhesive activities.
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18
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Potential Molecular Mechanisms of Zhibai Dihuang Wan in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Based on Network Biology. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:7842179. [PMID: 32351603 PMCID: PMC7178533 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7842179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a refractory autoimmune disease. Zhibai Dihuang Wan (ZDW) has frequently been used for treating SLE in China and been proved to have a prominent role in decreasing SLE patients’ morality rate. However, the active substances in ZDW and the molecular mechanisms of ZDW in SLE remain unclear. This study identified the bioactive compounds and delineated the molecular targets and potential pathways of ZDW by using a network biology approach. First, we collected putative targets of ZDW based on TCMSP, GeneCards, and STITCH databases and built a network containing the interactions between the putative targets of ZDW and known therapeutic targets of SLE. Then, the key hubs were imported to DAVID Bioinformatics Resources 6.7 to perform gene ontology biological process (GOBP) and pathway enrichment analysis. A total of 95 nodes including 73 putative targets of ZDW were determined as major hubs in terms of their node degree. The results of GOBP and pathway enrichment analysis indicated that putative targets of ZDW mostly were involved in various pathways associated with inflammatory response and apoptosis. More importantly, eleven putative targets of ZDW (CASP3, BCL2, BAX, CYCS, NFKB1, NFKBIA, IL-6, IL-1β, PTGS2, CCL2, and TNF-α) were recognized as active factors involved in the main biological functions of treatment, implying the underlying mechanisms of ZDW acting on SLE. This study provides novel insights into the mechanisms of ZDW in SLE, from the molecular level to the pathway level.
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19
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Lu PD, Zhao YH. Targeting NF-κB pathway for treating ulcerative colitis: comprehensive regulatory characteristics of Chinese medicines. Chin Med 2020; 15:15. [PMID: 32063999 PMCID: PMC7011253 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-020-0296-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) is a kind of multi-functional nuclear transcription factor involved in regulating gene transcription to influence pathological evolution of inflammatory and immune diseases. Numerous literature evidence that NF-κB pathway plays an essential role in pathogenic development of ulcerative colitis (UC). UC is a chronic non-specific inflammatory bowel disease, and until now, therapeutic agents for UC including aminosalicylates, corticosteroids and immune inhibitors still cannot exert satisfied effects on patients. In recent years, Chinese medicines suggest the advantages of alleviating symptoms and signs, decreasing side-effects and recurrence, whose one of mechanisms is related to regulation of NF-κB pathway. In this review, we categorize Chinese medicines according to their traditional therapeutic functions, and summarize the characteristics of Chinese medicines targeting NF-κB pathway in UC treatment. It indicates that 85 kinds of Chinese medicines’ compounds and formulae can directly act on NF-κBp65; while 58 Chinese medicines’ ingredients and formulae indirectly suppress NF-κBp65 by regulation of its upstream or other related pathways. Moreover, by the analysis of Chinese medicines’ category based on their traditional functions, we conclude the category of dampness-drying and detoxificating medicine targeting NF-κB pathway accounts for primary status for amelioration of UC. Simultaneously, this review also contributes to the choices of Chinese medicine category and provides curative potential of Chinese medicines for clinical UC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-De Lu
- 1School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong-Hua Zhao
- 2State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, 999078 Macao, Special Administrative Region of China
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20
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Comparative Study of Crude and Wine-Processing Corni Fructus on Chemical Composition and Antidiabetic Effects. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:3986964. [PMID: 31885645 PMCID: PMC6915029 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3986964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Wine processing is a specialized technology which involves sautéing crude herbal medicine using Chinese rice wine. Herein, we identified the changes in chemical profiles and antidiabetic effects of Corni Fructus (CF) after wine processing in high-fat diet (HFD) streptozotocin- (STZ-) induced diabetic mice. A novel high-efficiency method for simultaneously quantifying gallic acid, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, morroniside, loganin, sweroside, and cornuside by UPLC was developed, and validating crude and wine-processing CF was done for the first time. Mice were randomly divided into the following groups and orally given different solutions for 4 weeks: normal group (NC, 0.4% (w/v) CMC-Na), model group (DM, 0.4% (w/v) CMC-Na), crude CF group (CP, 3.87 g/kg), and wine-processing CF group (PP, 3.87 g/kg) followed by HFD and multiple subcutaneous injection of STZ (40 mg/kg) to induce the diabetes model except the NC group. Biochemical indexes (body weight, fasting blood glucose level, lipid level, insulin, and free fatty acid) and other parameters involving liver toxicity were measured with commercial kits and immunohistochemical method. Comparative studies on pharmacology showed that the crude extracts possess higher efficacy on hypoglycemia and hypolipidemia, while wine-processing products exhibit better effects on liver preservation. Our data suggested that wine processing was recommended when CF was used for protecting the liver; however, crude products should be used as antidiabetic drugs.
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Sharp-Tawfik AE, Coiner AM, MarElia CB, Kazantzis M, Zhang C, Burkhardt BR. Compositional analysis and biological characterization of Cornus officinalis on human 1.1B4 pancreatic β cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2019; 494:110491. [PMID: 31255730 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2019.110491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease resulting from the loss of pancreatic β cells and subsequent insulin production. Novel interventional therapies are urgently needed that can protect existing β cells from cytokine-induced death and enhance their function before symptomatic onset. Our initial evidence is suggesting that bioactive ingredients within Cornus officinalis (CO) may be able to serve in this function. CO has been extensively used in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and reported to possess both anti-inflammatory and pro-metabolic effects. We hypothesize that CO treatment may provide a future potential candidate for interventional therapy for early stage T1D prior to significant β cell loss. Our data demonstrated that CO can inhibit cytokine-mediated β cell death, increase cell viability and oxidative capacity, and increase expression of NFATC2 (Nuclear Factor of Activated T Cells, Cytoplasmic 2). We have also profiled the bioactive components in CO from multiple sources by HPLC/MS (High Performance Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry) analysis. Altogether, CO significantly increases the energy metabolism of β cells while inducing the NFAT pathway to signal for increased proliferation and endocrine function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arielle E Sharp-Tawfik
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Alexis M Coiner
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Catherine B MarElia
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Melissa Kazantzis
- Metabolic Core, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Clare Zhang
- Practice of Oriental Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Brant R Burkhardt
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, Tampa, FL 33620, USA.
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Sozański T, Kucharska AZ, Wiśniewski J, Fleszar MG, Rapak A, Gomułkiewicz A, Dzięgiel P, Magdalan J, Nowak B, Szumny D, Matuszewska A, Piórecki N, Szeląg A, Trocha M. The iridoid loganic acid and anthocyanins from the cornelian cherry (Cornus mas L.) fruit increase the plasma l-arginine/ADMA ratio and decrease levels of ADMA in rabbits fed a high-cholesterol diet. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 52:1-11. [PMID: 30599888 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.09.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although fruit and vegetable-rich diets have beneficial effects on cardiovascular diseases, we have little knowledge of the impact of fruits and their constituents, iridoids and anthocyanins, on the l-arginine-ADMA-DDAH pathway. Our previous study demonstrated the modulation of those factors by the oral administration of the cornelian cherry fruit. HYPOTHESIS/PURPOSE We have assessed the effects of the oral administration of two main constituents isolated from the cornelian cherry fruit, iridoid loganic acid and anthocyanins, on l-arginine, its derivatives (ADMA, SDMA), metabolites (DMA, l-citrulline), and the hepatic DDAH activity and its isoform expression in rabbits fed a high-cholesterol diet. We have also analyzed eNOS expression in the thoracic aorta as well as the redox status in blood. STUDY DESIGN In the present study, we used an animal model of diet induced atherosclerosis. For 60 days, white New Zealand rabbits were fed a standard diet, a 1% cholesterol enriched diet, or concomitantly with the investigated substances. l-arginine, ADMA, SDMA, DMA, and l-citrulline were assessed using the LC-MS/MS method. DDAH activity and redox parameters were analyzed spectrophotometrically. DDAH1 and DDAH2 isoform expressions were assessed by western blotting, mRNA expression of eNOS was quantified by real-time PCR. RESULTS We demonstrated that the administration of loganic acid (20 mg/kg b.w.), and to a lesser extent of anthocyanins (10 mg/kg b.w.), caused an increase in the l-arginine level and the l-arginine/ADMA ratio. Also, both substances decreased ADMA, DMA, and l-citrulline, but not SDMA levels. Anthocyanins, but not loganic acid, enhanced the activity of DDAH in the liver. Anthocyanins also significantly enhanced both DDAH1 and DDAH2 expression, while loganic acid to a lesser extent enhanced DDAH1 but not DDAH2 expression. Both loganic acid and anthocyanins pronouncedly increased mRNA expression of eNOS in thoracic aortas. Both loganic acid and anthocyanins reversed the blood glutathione level depleted by dietary cholesterol. Cholesterol feeding decreased the blood GPx level, and the change was not reversed by anthocyanins or loganic acid. We did not observe any significant differences in the blood levels of MDA or SOD among the groups. CONCLUSION Iridoids and anthocyanins may modulate the l-arginine-ADMA pathway in subjects fed a high-cholesterol diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Sozański
- Department of Pharmacology, Wroclaw Medical University, Jana Mikulicza-Radeckiego 2, Wrocław 50-345, Poland.
| | - Alicja Z Kucharska
- Department of Fruit, Vegetable and Plant Nutraceutical Technology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 37, Wrocław 51-630, Poland
| | - Jerzy Wiśniewski
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Chałubińskiego 10, Wrocław 50-368, Poland
| | - Mariusz G Fleszar
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Chałubińskiego 10, Wrocław 50-368, Poland
| | - Andrzej Rapak
- Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Immunobiology, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigla 12, Wrocław 53-114, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Gomułkiewicz
- Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Division of Histology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, Chałubińskiego 6a, Wrocław 50-368, Poland
| | - Piotr Dzięgiel
- Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Division of Histology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, Chałubińskiego 6a, Wrocław 50-368, Poland; Department of Physiotherapy, University School of Physical Education, I.J. Paderewskiego 35, Wroclaw 51-612, Poland
| | - Jan Magdalan
- Department of Pharmacology, Wroclaw Medical University, Jana Mikulicza-Radeckiego 2, Wrocław 50-345, Poland
| | - Beata Nowak
- Department of Pharmacology, Wroclaw Medical University, Jana Mikulicza-Radeckiego 2, Wrocław 50-345, Poland
| | - Dorota Szumny
- Department of Pharmacology, Wroclaw Medical University, Jana Mikulicza-Radeckiego 2, Wrocław 50-345, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Matuszewska
- Department of Pharmacology, Wroclaw Medical University, Jana Mikulicza-Radeckiego 2, Wrocław 50-345, Poland
| | - Narcyz Piórecki
- Bolestraszyce Arboretum and Institute of Physiography, Przemyśl 37-700, Poland; Department of Tourism and Recreation, University of Rzeszow, Towarnickiego 3, Rzeszów 35-959, Poland
| | - Adam Szeląg
- Department of Pharmacology, Wroclaw Medical University, Jana Mikulicza-Radeckiego 2, Wrocław 50-345, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Trocha
- Department of Pharmacology, Wroclaw Medical University, Jana Mikulicza-Radeckiego 2, Wrocław 50-345, Poland
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Wang X, Liu CH, Li JJ, Zhang B, Ji LL, Shang XY. Iridoid glycosides from the fruits of Cornus officinalis. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2018; 20:934-942. [PMID: 30406675 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2018.1497609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Four new iridoid glycosides named cornusphenosides A-D (1-4) were isolated from an ethanol extract of the fruits of Cornus officinalis (shan zhu yu). The structures of these compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data (UV, IR, HRESIMS, and 1D and 2D NMR) and chemical evidence. The neuroprotective effects of compounds 1-4 were also assessed in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- a Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Foods , Beijing Union University , Beijing 100191 , China
| | - Chong-Hui Liu
- a Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Foods , Beijing Union University , Beijing 100191 , China
| | - Jin-Jie Li
- a Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Foods , Beijing Union University , Beijing 100191 , China
| | - Bo Zhang
- a Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Foods , Beijing Union University , Beijing 100191 , China
| | - Lin-Lin Ji
- a Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Foods , Beijing Union University , Beijing 100191 , China
| | - Xiao-Ya Shang
- a Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Foods , Beijing Union University , Beijing 100191 , China
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Kang J, Guo C, Thome R, Yang N, Zhang Y, Li X, Cao X. Hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic and antioxidant effects of iridoid glycosides extracted from Corni fructus: possible involvement of the PI3K-Akt/PKB signaling pathway. RSC Adv 2018; 8:30539-30549. [PMID: 35546813 PMCID: PMC9085420 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra06045b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Iridoid glycosides (CIG) are the major component of Corni fructus. In this work, we researched the antioxidative, hypoglycemic and lowering blood lipids effects of CIG on diabetic mice induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) and streptozotocin (STZ). Furthermore, to investigate the molecular mechanism of action, the phosphorylation and protein expression of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and its downstream proteins, such as insulin receptor (INSR), protein kinase B (Akt/PKB) and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) have been detected. The results showed that CIG significantly improved oral glucose tolerance in diabetic mice. Biochemical indices also revealed that CIG had a positive effect on lipid metabolism and oxidative stress. In addition, CIG can significantly enhance the expression level of the PI3K-Akt/PKB pathway related proteins in skeletal muscle, which is the key pathway of insulin metabolism. These findings show that CIG can improve the hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia of HFD-STZ-induced diabetic mice through the PI3K-Akt/PKB signaling pathway, and CIG might be a potential medicine or functional food for type 2 diabetes mellitus remedies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiefang Kang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an Shaanxi China
| | - Chen Guo
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an Shaanxi China
| | - Rodolfo Thome
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University Philadelphia PA 19107 USA
| | - Ning Yang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an Shaanxi China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an Shaanxi China
| | - Xing Li
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an Shaanxi China
| | - Xiaoyan Cao
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an Shaanxi China
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25
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Hwangbo H, Kwon DH, Choi EO, Kim MY, Ahn KI, Ji SY, Kim JS, Kim KI, Park NJ, Kim BH, Kim GY, Hong SH, Park C, Jeong JS, Choi YH. Corni Fructus attenuates testosterone-induced benign prostatic hyperplasia by suppressing 5α-reductase and androgen receptor expression in rats. Nutr Res Pract 2018; 12:378-386. [PMID: 30323905 PMCID: PMC6172175 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2018.12.5.378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) is a major cause of abnormal overgrowth of the prostate mainly in the elderly. Corni Fructus has been reported to be effective in the prevention and treatment of various diseases because of its strong antioxidant effect, but its efficacy against BPH is not yet known. This study was designed to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of Corni Fructus water extract (CF) in testosterone-induced BPH rats. MATERIALS/METHODS To induce BPH, rats were intraperitoneal injected with testosterone propionate (TP). Rats in the treatment group were orally administered with CF with TP injection, and finasteride, which is a selective inhibitor of 5α-reductase type 2, was used as a positive control. RESULTS Our results showed that the increased prostate weight and histopathological changes in BPH model rats were suppressed by CF treatment. CF, similar to the finasteride-treated group, decreased the levels of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone by TP treatment in the serum, and it also reduced 5α-reductase expression and concentration in prostate tissue and serum, respectively. In addition, CF significantly blocked the expression of the androgen receptor (AR), AR co-activators, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen in BPH rats, and this blocking was associated with a decrease in prostate-specific antigen levels in serum and prostate tissue. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that CF may weaken the BPH status through the inactivation of at least 5α-reductase and AR activity and may be useful for the clinical treatment of BPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Hwangbo
- Anti-Aging Research Center, Dongeui University, Busan 47340, Korea.,Open Laboratory for Muscular and Skeletal Disease and Department of Biochemistry, Dongeui University College of Korean Medicine, 42 San, Yangjungdong, Busan 47227, Korea
| | - Da He Kwon
- Anti-Aging Research Center, Dongeui University, Busan 47340, Korea.,Open Laboratory for Muscular and Skeletal Disease and Department of Biochemistry, Dongeui University College of Korean Medicine, 42 San, Yangjungdong, Busan 47227, Korea
| | - Eun Ok Choi
- Anti-Aging Research Center, Dongeui University, Busan 47340, Korea.,Open Laboratory for Muscular and Skeletal Disease and Department of Biochemistry, Dongeui University College of Korean Medicine, 42 San, Yangjungdong, Busan 47227, Korea
| | - Min Yeong Kim
- Anti-Aging Research Center, Dongeui University, Busan 47340, Korea.,Open Laboratory for Muscular and Skeletal Disease and Department of Biochemistry, Dongeui University College of Korean Medicine, 42 San, Yangjungdong, Busan 47227, Korea
| | - Kyu Im Ahn
- Anti-Aging Research Center, Dongeui University, Busan 47340, Korea.,Open Laboratory for Muscular and Skeletal Disease and Department of Biochemistry, Dongeui University College of Korean Medicine, 42 San, Yangjungdong, Busan 47227, Korea
| | - Seon Yeong Ji
- Anti-Aging Research Center, Dongeui University, Busan 47340, Korea.,Open Laboratory for Muscular and Skeletal Disease and Department of Biochemistry, Dongeui University College of Korean Medicine, 42 San, Yangjungdong, Busan 47227, Korea
| | - Jong Sik Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan 49267, Korea
| | - Kyung-Il Kim
- Gurye Sansooyu Farming Association Corporation, Jeonnam 57602, Korea
| | - No-Jin Park
- Gurye-gun Agricultural Center, Jeonnam 57660, Korea
| | - Bum Hoi Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Dongeui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan 47227, Korea
| | - Gi-Young Kim
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
| | - Su-Hyun Hong
- Anti-Aging Research Center, Dongeui University, Busan 47340, Korea.,Open Laboratory for Muscular and Skeletal Disease and Department of Biochemistry, Dongeui University College of Korean Medicine, 42 San, Yangjungdong, Busan 47227, Korea
| | - Cheol Park
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Dongeui University, Busan 47340, Korea
| | - Ji-Suk Jeong
- Gurye-gun Agricultural Center, Jeonnam 57660, Korea
| | - Yung Hyun Choi
- Anti-Aging Research Center, Dongeui University, Busan 47340, Korea.,Open Laboratory for Muscular and Skeletal Disease and Department of Biochemistry, Dongeui University College of Korean Medicine, 42 San, Yangjungdong, Busan 47227, Korea
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26
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Dong Y, Feng ZL, Chen HB, Wang FS, Lu JH. Corni Fructus: a review of chemical constituents and pharmacological activities. Chin Med 2018; 13:34. [PMID: 29983732 PMCID: PMC6020197 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-018-0191-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Cornus officinalis Sieb. et Zucc. is part of the genus Cornus of the family Cornaceae. Ripening and dry fruits (Corni Fructus) are recognized as an essential herb medicine in the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and have been widely used for over 2000 years. This review provides a comprehensive summary of Corni Fructus (CF), including the botany, phytochemistry, traditional use, and current pharmacological activities. According to the basic theory of TCM, CF usually participates in various Chinese medicinal formulae to exert the essential roles in replenishing liver and kidney, arresting seminal emission and sweat. Based on modern pharmacological studies, about 90 compounds have been isolated and identified from CF. In vivo and in vitro experimental studies indicate that CF exhibits extensive pharmacological activities including hypoglycemic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, neuroprotective, hepatoprotective, and nephroprotective activities. However, only about 18% of chemical constituents in CF were tested. It means the potential pharmacological activities and clinical values of CF need to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Room 7015, N22, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe-Ling Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Room 7015, N22, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR People's Republic of China
| | - Hu-Biao Chen
- 2School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, SAR People's Republic of China
| | - Fu-Sheng Wang
- 3Ulcerous Vascular Surgical Department, Beijing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Hong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Room 7015, N22, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR People's Republic of China
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Huang J, Zhang Y, Dong L, Gao Q, Yin L, Quan H, Chen R, Fu X, Lin D. Ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, and pharmacology of Cornus officinalis Sieb. et Zucc. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 213:280-301. [PMID: 29155174 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cornus officinalis (Cornaceae), known in Chinese as "Shanzhuyu," is a frequently used traditional Chinese medicine. It tastes sour and is astringent and slightly warm in nature. Its fruits have long been used to treat kidney deficiency, high blood pressure, waist and knee pain, dizziness, tinnitus, impotence, spermatorrhea, menorrhagia, and other diseases in China. The main distribution areas are Shanxi and Gansu. AIM OF THE STUDY This review focused on the ethnopharmacological uses of the herb. We also focus on the phytochemical, pharmacological, and toxicological studies on C. officinalis. The recent analytical methods developed for the quality control of the herb's constituents are also reviewed. Additionally, future trends and prospects in the study of this herb are proposed. MATERIALS AND METHODS Information on C. officinalis was gathered by searching the internet (PubMed, ScienceDirect, Wiley, ACS, CNKI, Scifinder, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Baidu Scholar) and libraries. RESULTS This review compiled the ethnopharmacological uses, including the classic prescriptions and historical applications. Approximately 300 chemical compounds have been isolated and identified from C. officinalis. The major active components of the plant are organic acids and iridoids, among which morroniside and loganin have been extensively investigated. The fruit of the plant has been used in treating many diseases in traditional medicine. Scientific studies indicated the herb's wide range of pharmacological activities, such as hepatic and renal protection, antidiabetes activity, cardioprotection, antioxidation, neuroprotection, antitumor activity, anti-inflammation, analgesic effects, antiaging activity, antiamnesia, antiosteoporosis, and immunoregulation. The analytical methods developed for the quantitative and qualitative determination of various compounds in the herb were further reviewed. CONCLUSIONS In this paper, we reviewed various studies conducted on C. officinalis, especially in areas of its ethnopharmacological use, as well as on its phytochemistry, pharmacology, and modern analytical methods used. Some of the herb's ethnomedical indications have been confirmed by the herb's pharmacological effects, such as its hepatic and renal protection and the antidiabetic effects. In particular, the crude extract and its chemical composition have exerted good therapeutic effect in diabetic treatment. C. officinalis entails additional attention on its pharmacological effects and drug development to expand its effective use clinically. Many advanced technologies are used for quality testing, but the detection component is exceedingly scarce for synthetically evaluating the quality of C. officinalis herbs. Thus, further research is necessary to investigate the quality control and toxicology of the plant, to further elucidate its clinical use, and to control herbal quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Yiwei Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Lin Dong
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Qinghan Gao
- School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Lei Yin
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Hongfeng Quan
- School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Rong Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Xueyan Fu
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China; Ningxia Engineering and Technology Research Center for Modernization of Hui Medicine, Yinchuan 750004, China; Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education (Ningxia Medical University), Yinchuan 750004, China.
| | - Dingbo Lin
- Oklahoma State University, United States.
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29
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Ye XS, He J, Cheng YC, Zhang L, Qiao HY, Pan XG, Zhang J, Liu SN, Zhang WK, Xu JK. Cornusides A-O, Bioactive Iridoid Glucoside Dimers from the Fruit of Cornus officinalis. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2017; 80:3103-3111. [PMID: 29140705 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.6b01127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Fifteen new and rare iridoid glucoside dimers, cornusides A-O (1-15), and 10 known iridoid glucosides (16-25) were isolated from the fruit of Cornus officinalis. These new chemical structures were established through spectroscopic analysis (UV, IR, HRESIMS, 1D and 2D NMR). Compounds 1-25 were tested for their inhibitory activities by measuring IL-6-induced STAT3 promoter activity in HepG2 cells, and 3, 12, 17, 22, and 23 showed inhibitory effects, with IC50 values of 11.9, 12.2, 14.0, 7.0, and 6.9 μM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Sheng Ye
- School of Life Sciences & School of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine , Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital , Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun He
- Department of Pharmacy, China-Japan Friendship Hospital , Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Yung-Chi Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University , Beijing 100038, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao-Yi Qiao
- School of Life Sciences & School of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine , Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Ge Pan
- School of Life Sciences & School of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine , Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Zhang
- School of Life Sciences & School of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine , Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu-Na Liu
- School of Life Sciences & School of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine , Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Ku Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital , Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie-Kun Xu
- School of Life Sciences & School of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine , Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
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He J, Ye XS, Wang XX, Yang YN, Zhang PC, Ma BZ, Zhang WK, Xu JK. Four new iridoid glucosides containing the furan ring from the fruit of Cornus officinalis. Fitoterapia 2017; 120:136-141. [PMID: 28596026 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Four new and rare iridoid glucosides, cornusfuroside A-D (1-4), containing the furan ring were identified from water extract of the fruit of Cornus officinalis. These new chemical structures were determined through extensive spectroscopic analysis, including 1D and 2D NMR, IR, HRESIMS, experimental and calculated electronic circular dichroism (ECD). Notably, this study is the first report on the isolation of four iridoid glucoside structures with acetal functions in the sugar moiety. The neuroprotective effects of these compounds were also evaluated in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun He
- Department of Pharmacy, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Xian-Sheng Ye
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China; School of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Xue Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Nan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei-Cheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing-Zhi Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Ku Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jie-Kun Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China.
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Bhakta HK, Park CH, Yokozawa T, Tanaka T, Jung HA, Choi JS. Potential anti-cholinesterase and β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 inhibitory activities of cornuside and gallotannins from Cornus officinalis fruits. Arch Pharm Res 2017; 40:836-853. [PMID: 28589255 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-017-0924-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cholinesterase (ChE) and β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) inhibitors are promising agents for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In the present study, we examined the inhibitory activity of seven compounds isolated from the fruits of Cornus officinalis, cornuside, polymeric proanthocyanidins, 1,2,3-tri-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose, 1,2,3,6-tetra-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose, tellimagrandin I, tellimagrandin II, and isoterchebin, against acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), and BACE1. All of the compounds displayed concentration-dependent in vitro inhibitory activity toward the ChEs and BACE1. Among them, tellimagrandin II exhibited the best inhibitory activity toward ChEs, whereas the best BACE1 inhibitor was 1,2,3,6-tetra-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose. Isoterchebin and polymeric proanthocyanidins were also significant ChE inhibitors. The kinetic and docking studies demonstrated that all compounds interacted with both the catalytic active sites and the peripheral anionic sites of the ChEs and BACE1. Tellimagrandin II, isoterchebin, and the polymeric proanthocyanidins exhibited concentration-dependent inhibition of peroxynitrite-mediated protein tyrosine nitration. In conclusion, we identified significant ChE and BACE1 inhibitors from Corni Fructus that could have value as new multi-targeted compounds for anti-AD agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himanshu Kumar Bhakta
- Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan, 608-737, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Hum Park
- Department of Medicinal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Eumseong, 369-873, Republic of Korea
| | - Takako Yokozawa
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering for Research, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-8555, Japan
| | - Takashi Tanaka
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan
| | - Hyun Ah Jung
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 561-756, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae Sue Choi
- Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan, 608-737, Republic of Korea.
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Dinda B, Kyriakopoulos AM, Dinda S, Zoumpourlis V, Thomaidis NS, Velegraki A, Markopoulos C, Dinda M. Cornus mas L. (cornelian cherry), an important European and Asian traditional food and medicine: Ethnomedicine, phytochemistry and pharmacology for its commercial utilization in drug industry. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 193:670-690. [PMID: 27705748 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.09.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 09/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cornus mas L. (cornelian cherry) fruits have been used for centuries as traditional cuisine and folk medicine in various countries of Europe and Asia. In folk medicines, the fruits and other parts of the plant have been used for prevention and treatment of a wide range of diseases such as diabetes, diarrhea, gastrointestinal disorders, fevers, rheumatic pain, skin and urinary tract infections, kidney and liver diseases, sunstroke, among others. This review provides a systematic and constructive overview of ethnomedicinal uses, chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of this plant as well as future research need for its commercial utilization as nutraceutical food supplement and medicine. MATERIALS AND METHODS This review is based on available literature on ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemical, pharmacological, toxicity and clinical studies on Cornus mas L. (cornelian cherry) fruits and other organs that was collected from electronic (SciFinder, PubMed, Science Direct and ACS among others) and library searches of books and journals. RESULTS Versatile ethnomedicinal uses of the plant in different European and Asian countries have been reported. Phytochemical investigations on different parts of this plant have resulted in the identification of 101 compounds, among which anthocyanins, flavonoids and iridoids are the predominant groups. The crude extracts of fruits and other parts of the plant and their pure isolates exhibit a broad spectrum of pharmacological activities such as anti-microbial, anti-diabetic, anti-atherosclerotic, cyto-, hepato-, neuro- and renalprotective, antiplatelet and antiglaucomic activities. Anthocyanins, flavonoids, iridoids and vitamin C are the major bioactive constituents of the fruits. Fruits are non-toxic and safe food on acute toxicity studies in rat and human models. Clinical trials in diabetic type2 and hyperlipidemic patients showed significant trends of amelioration in sugar level, insulin secretion in diabetic patients and amelioration of lipid profile, apolipoprotein status and vascular inflammation in hyperlipidemic patients. CONCLUSION Based on our review, Cornus mas L. (cornelian cherry) fruits and leaves can be used mainly in the treatment of diabetes, obesity, atherosclerosis, skin diseases, gastrointestinal and rheumatic problems. Some indications from ethnomedicines have been validated by pharmacological activities of the fruits and its extracts/pure isolates. The reported data reveal that the fruits are a potential source for treatment of diabetes, obesity, hyperlipidemia and gastrointestinal disorders. Unfortunately, the pharmacological studies in these areas are still insufficient to substantiate these preventive effects in confirmatory trials on the mass-scale clinical settings. Future studies on mechanisms of action, bioavailability, pharmacokinetics and adverse effects of the extracts and their bioactive constituents as well as their effective doses and long term toxic effects in humans are needed for commercial applications of these extracts/isolates in modern medicines. The available literature showed that most of the activities of the extracts are due to their constituents, anthocyanins, flavonoids and other phenolics, iridoids and vitamins for their antioxidant and other properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biswanath Dinda
- Department of Chemistry, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar 799022, Tripura, India.
| | | | - Subhajit Dinda
- Department of Chemistry, Dasaratha Deb Memorial College, Khowai 799201, Tripura, India
| | - Vassilis Zoumpourlis
- Biomedical Application Unit, Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry & Biotechnology, NHRF, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Ave., Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos S Thomaidis
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, Athens, 15771 Greece
| | - Aristea Velegraki
- Mycology Laboratory, School of Medicine, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | | | - Manikarna Dinda
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
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Sozański T, Kucharska AZ, Rapak A, Szumny D, Trocha M, Merwid-Ląd A, Dzimira S, Piasecki T, Piórecki N, Magdalan J, Szeląg A. Iridoid–loganic acid versus anthocyanins from the Cornus mas fruits (cornelian cherry): Common and different effects on diet-induced atherosclerosis, PPARs expression and inflammation. Atherosclerosis 2016; 254:151-160. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Revised: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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West BJ, Deng S, Uwaya A, Isami F, Abe Y, Yamagishi SI, Jensen CJ. Iridoids are natural glycation inhibitors. Glycoconj J 2016; 33:671-81. [PMID: 27306206 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-016-9695-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Glycation of amino acid residues in proteins leads to the eventual formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). AGE formation significantly influences human health and the aging process. AGE accumulation rates may be slowed by modifications to lifestyle or by pharmacological strategies. But the use of therapeutic drugs is not an appropriate means of controlling AGEs within the general population. However, phytochemical constituents in plant-based foods exhibit anti-glycation activities and may be more appropriate for general consumption. Among these phytochemicals are iridoids. The anti-AGE potential of iridoids has been demonstrated in vitro and in vivo, while also revealing possible mechanisms of action. Inclusion of iridoid food sources in the diet may be a useful component of strategies intended to mitigate AGE accumulation within the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett J West
- Research and Development, Morinda, Inc., 737 East 1180 South, American Fork, UT, 84003, USA.
| | - Shixin Deng
- Research and Development, Morinda, Inc., 737 East 1180 South, American Fork, UT, 84003, USA
| | - Akemi Uwaya
- Research and Development, Morinda, Inc., 737 East 1180 South, American Fork, UT, 84003, USA
| | - Fumiyuki Isami
- Research and Development, Morinda, Inc., 737 East 1180 South, American Fork, UT, 84003, USA
| | - Yumi Abe
- Anti-Aging Medical Research Center and Glycation Stress Research Center, Doshisha University, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - C Jarakae Jensen
- Research and Development, Morinda, Inc., 737 East 1180 South, American Fork, UT, 84003, USA
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Li L, Jin G, Jiang J, Zheng M, Jin Y, Lin Z, Li G, Choi Y, Yan G. Cornuside inhibits mast cell-mediated allergic response by down-regulating MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 473:408-14. [PMID: 26972254 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The present study is to investigate the effect of cornuside on mast cell-mediated allergic response, as well as its possible mechanisms of action. METHODS To test the anti-allergic effects of cornuside in vivo, local extravasation was induced by local injection of anti-dinitrophenyl immunoglobulin E (IgE) followed by intravenous antigenic challenge in passive cutaneous anaphylaxis model rats. Mast cell viability was determined using MTT assay. Histamine content from rat peritoneal mast cells was measured by the radioenzymatic method. To investigate the mechanisms by which cornuside affects the reduction of histamine release, the levels of calcium uptake were measured. To examine whether cornuside affects the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, Western blotting and ELISA were carried out. RESULTS Oral administration of cornuside inhibited passive cutaneous anaphylaxis in rats. Presence of cornuside attenuated IgE-induced histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells. The inhibitory effect of cornuside on histamine release was mediated by the modulation of intracellular calcium. In addition, cornuside decreased phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and calcium ionophore A23187-stimulated production and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-6 in human mast cells. The inhibitory effect of cornuside on pro-inflammatory cytokines was dependent on nuclear factor-κB and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. CONCLUSIONS The present study provides evidence that cornuside inhibits mast cell-derived inflammatory allergic reactions by blocking histamine release and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression. Furthermore, in vivo and in vitro anti-allergic effects of cornuside suggest a possible therapeutic application of this agent in inflammatory allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangchang Li
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, PR China
| | - Guangyu Jin
- Yanbian University Hospital, Medicine College, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133000, PR China
| | - Jingzhi Jiang
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, PR China
| | - Mingyu Zheng
- College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, PR China
| | - Yan Jin
- College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, PR China
| | - Zhenhua Lin
- Department of Pathology & Cancer Research Center, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji, 133002, PR China
| | - Guangzhao Li
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, PR China
| | - Yunho Choi
- Department of Anatomy, Medical School, Institute for Medical Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 561-756, Republic of Korea.
| | - Guanghai Yan
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, PR China.
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Ledford KJ, Murphy N, Zeigler F, Bartel RL, Tubo R. Therapeutic potential of ixmyelocel-T, an expanded autologous multicellular therapy for treatment of ischemic cardiovascular diseases. Stem Cell Res Ther 2015; 6:25. [PMID: 25889271 PMCID: PMC4413547 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-015-0007-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bone marrow derived cellular therapies are an emerging approach to promoting therapeutic angiogenesis in ischemic cardiovascular disease. However, the percentage of regenerative cells in bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMNCs) is small, and large amounts of BMMNCs are required. Ixmyelocel-T, an expanded autologous multicellular therapy, is manufactured from a small sample of bone marrow aspirate. Ixmyelocel-T contains expanded populations of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and M2-like macrophages, as well as many of the CD45+ cells found in the bone marrow. It is hypothesized that this expanded multi-cellular therapy would induce angiogenesis and endothelial repair. METHODS A rat model of hind limb ischemia was used to determine the effects of ixmyelocel-T on blood flow recovery. To further determine the effects on endothelial cells, ixmyelocel-T was co-cultured with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) in non-contacting Transwell® inserts. RESULTS Co-culture of HUVECs with ixmyelocel-T resulted secretion of a variety of pro-angiogenic factors. HUVECs stimulated by ixmyelocel-T exhibited enhanced migration, proliferation, and branch formation. Ixmyelocel-T co-culture also resulted in increased endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression and nitric oxide (NO) production. In tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα)-stimulated HUVECs, ixmyelocel-T co-culture decreased apoptosis and reactive oxygen species generation, increased super oxide dismutase activity, and decreased nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) activation. Treatment with ixmyelocel-T in a rat model of hind limb ischemia resulted in significantly increased blood flow perfusion and capillary density, gene expression and plasma levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-10, plasma nitrates, plasma platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression, and significantly decreased plasma thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). CONCLUSIONS This work demonstrates that ixmyelocel-T interacts with endothelial cells in a paracrine manner, resulting in angiogenesis and endothelial protection. This data suggests that ixmyelocel-T could be useful for promoting of angiogenesis and tissue repair in ischemic cardiovascular diseases. In conclusion, ixmyelocel-T therapy may provide a new aspect of therapeutic angiogenesis in this patient population where expanded populations of regenerative cells might be required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly J Ledford
- Aastrom Biosciences, Domino's Farms, Lobby K 24 Frank Lloyd Wright Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA.
| | - Nikki Murphy
- Aastrom Biosciences, Domino's Farms, Lobby K 24 Frank Lloyd Wright Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA.
| | - Frank Zeigler
- Aastrom Biosciences, Domino's Farms, Lobby K 24 Frank Lloyd Wright Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA.
| | - Ronnda L Bartel
- Aastrom Biosciences, Domino's Farms, Lobby K 24 Frank Lloyd Wright Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA.
| | - Ross Tubo
- Aastrom Biosciences, Domino's Farms, Lobby K 24 Frank Lloyd Wright Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA.
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Complete sequence analysis and antiviral screening of medicinal plants for human coxsackievirus a16 isolated in Korea. Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2015; 6:52-8. [PMID: 25737832 PMCID: PMC4346589 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrp.2014.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2014] [Revised: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Coxsackievirus A group 16 strain (CVA16) is one of the predominant causative agents of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD). Methods Using a specimen from a male patient with HFMD, we isolated and performed sequencing of the Korean CVA16 strain and compared it with a G10 reference strain. Also, we were investigated the effects of medicinal plant extract on the cytopathic effects (CPE) by CPE reduction assay against Korean CVA16. Results Phylogenetic analysis showed that the Korean CVA16 isolate belonged to cluster B-1 and was closely related to the strain PM-15765-00 isolated in Malaysia in 2000. The Korean CVA16 isolate showed 73.2% nucleotide identity to the G10 prototype strain and 98.7% nucleotide identity to PM-15765-00. Next, we assessed whether the Korean CVA16 isolate could be used for in vitro screening of antiviral agents to treat HFMD infection. Vero cells infected with the Korean CVA16 isolate showed a cytopathic effect 2 days after the infection, and the treatment of cells with Cornus officinalis, Acer triflorum, Pulsatilla koreana, and Clematis heracleifolia var. davidiana Hemsl extracts exhibited strong antiviral activity against CVA16. Conclusion Collectively, our work provides potential candidates for the development of vaccine and novel drugs to treat the CVA16 strain isolated from a Korean patient.
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Filip A, Potara M, Florea A, Baldea I, Olteanu D, Bolfa P, Clichici S, David L, Moldovan B, Olenic L, Astilean S. Comparative evaluation by scanning confocal Raman spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy of therapeutic effects of noble metal nanoparticles in experimental acute inflammation. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra10376b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A test of Raman spectroscopy as a technique to diagnose inflammatory conditions and differentiate the effect of treatments with silver and gold nanoparticles conjugated with natural extracts compared with microscopy in experimental acute inflammation.
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Sozański T, Kucharska AZ, Szumny A, Magdalan J, Bielska K, Merwid-Ląd A, Woźniak A, Dzimira S, Piórecki N, Trocha M. The protective effect of the Cornus mas fruits (cornelian cherry) on hypertriglyceridemia and atherosclerosis through PPARα activation in hypercholesterolemic rabbits. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 21:1774-84. [PMID: 25444446 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2014.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2014] [Revised: 08/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/13/2014] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Cornelian cherry (Cornus mas L.) fruits have been used in traditional cuisine and in folk medicine in various countries. This study was conducted to evaluate the constituents and impact of cornelian cherry (C. mas L.) fruits lyophilisate on lipid levels, PPARα protein expression, atheromatous changes in the aorta, oxido-redox state, and proinflammatory cytokines in hypercholesterolemic rabbits. The HPLC-MS method was used for determining active constituents in cornelian cherry. In a subsequent in vivo study the protective effect of the cornelian cherry on diet-induced hyperlipidemia was studied using a rabbit model fed 1% cholesterol. Cornelian cherry (100mg/kg b.w.) or simvastatin (5mg/kg b.w.) were administered orally for 60 days. Two iridoids - loganic acid and cornuside - and five anthocyanins were identified as the main constituents of the cornelian cherry. The administering of the cornelian cherry led to a 44% significant decrease in serum triglyceride levels, as well as prevented development of atheromatous changes in the thoracic aorta. Cornelian cherry significantly increased PPARα protein expression in the liver, indicating that its hypolipidemic effect may stem from enhanced fatty acid catabolism. Simvastatin treatment did not affect PPAR-α expression. Moreover, the cornelian cherry had a significant protective effect on diet-induced oxidative stress in the liver, as well as restored upregulated proinflammatory cytokines serum levels. In conclusion, we have shown loganic acid to be the main iridoid constituent in the European cultivar of the cornelian cherry, and proven that the cornelian cherry could have protective effects on diet-induced hypertriglicerydemia and atherosclerosis through enhanced PPARα protein expression and via regulating oxidative stress and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Sozański
- Department of Pharmacology, Wroclaw Medical University, Jana Mikulicza-Radeckiego 2, 50-345 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - A Z Kucharska
- Department of Fruit, Vegetable and Cereals Technology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 37/41, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland
| | - A Szumny
- Department of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Science, C.K. Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
| | - J Magdalan
- Department of Pharmacology, Wroclaw Medical University, Jana Mikulicza-Radeckiego 2, 50-345 Wrocław, Poland
| | - K Bielska
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - A Merwid-Ląd
- Department of Pharmacology, Wroclaw Medical University, Jana Mikulicza-Radeckiego 2, 50-345 Wrocław, Poland
| | - A Woźniak
- Department of Epizootiology and Clinic of Birds and Exotic Animals, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Grunwaldzki Sq. 45, 50-366 Wrocław, Poland
| | - S Dzimira
- Department of Pathology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, C.K. Norwida 31, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
| | - N Piórecki
- Bolestraszyce Arboretum and Institute of Physiography, 37-700 Przemyśl, Poland; Department of Tourism & Recreation, University of Rzeszow, Towarnickiego 3, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - M Trocha
- Department of Pharmacology, Wroclaw Medical University, Jana Mikulicza-Radeckiego 2, 50-345 Wrocław, Poland
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Protective Effect of Cornuside against Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Acute Hepatic Injury. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 75:656-61. [DOI: 10.1271/bbb.100739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Kim JY, Kim YK, Choi MK, Oh J, Kwak HB, Kim JJ. Effect of Cornus Officinalis on Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-kappaB Ligand (RANKL)-induced Osteoclast Differentiation. J Bone Metab 2012; 19:121-7. [PMID: 24524042 PMCID: PMC3780920 DOI: 10.11005/jbm.2012.19.2.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2012] [Revised: 10/16/2012] [Accepted: 11/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Osteoporosis is a disease of bones that is thought to result from an imbalance between bone resorption and bone formation. Although osteoporosis itself has no symptoms, osteoporosis caused by osteoclasts leads to an increased risk of fracture. Here we examined the effects of cornus officinalis on receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand (RANKL)-mediated osteoclast differentiation. Methods We evaluated the effects of cornus officinalis on RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation from bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) and performed a cytotoxicity assay, reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and Western blot analysis. Results Cornus officinalis significantly inhibits RANKL-mediated osteoclast differentiation in a dose-dependent manner, but without cytotoxicity against BMMs. The mRNA expression of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), osteoclast-associated receptor (OSCAR), c-Fos, and nuclear factor of activated T cells cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1) in BMMs treated with RANKL was considerably inhibited by cornus officinalis treatment. Also, cornus officinalis inhibits the protein expression of c-Fos and NFATc1. Cornus officinalis greatly inhibits RANKL-induced phosphorylation of p38 and c-JUN N-terminal kinase (JNK). Also, cornus officinalis significantly suppresses RANKL-induced degradation of I-κB. Conclusions Taken together, our results suggest that cornus officinalis may be a useful the treatment of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Young Kim
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea
| | - Yun-Kyung Kim
- Department of Oriental Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea. ; Wonkwang Oriental Medicines Research Institute, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea
| | - Min Kyu Choi
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea. ; Institute for Skeletal Disease, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea. ; Institute for Environmental Science, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea
| | - Jaemin Oh
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea. ; Institute for Skeletal Disease, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea
| | - Han Bok Kwak
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea. ; Institute for Skeletal Disease, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea
| | - Jeong-Joong Kim
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea. ; Institute for Skeletal Disease, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea
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Optimization of extraction condition for major iridoid components in fruit of corni (Cornus officinalis) by UPLC-PDA using response surface methodology. Food Sci Biotechnol 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10068-012-0133-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Viljoen A, Mncwangi N, Vermaak I. Anti-inflammatory iridoids of botanical origin. Curr Med Chem 2012; 19:2104-27. [PMID: 22414102 PMCID: PMC3873812 DOI: 10.2174/092986712800229005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2011] [Revised: 01/07/2012] [Accepted: 01/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is a manifestation of a wide range of disorders which include; arthritis, atherosclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, inflammatory bowel syndrome, physical injury and infection amongst many others. Common treatment modalities are usually nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as aspirin, paracetamol, indomethacin and ibuprofen as well as corticosteroids such as prednisone. These however, may be associated with a host of side effects due to non-selectivity for cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes involved in inflammation and those with selectivity may be highly priced. Thus, there is a continuing search for safe and effective antiinflammatory molecules from natural sources. Research has confirmed that iridoids exhibit promising anti-inflammatory activity which may be beneficial in the treatment of inflammation. Iridoids are secondary metabolites present in various plants, especially in species belonging to the Apocynaceae, Lamiaceae, Loganiaceae, Rubiaceae, Scrophulariaceae and Verbenaceae families. Many of these ethnobotanicals have an illustrious history of traditional use alluding to their use to treat inflammation. Although iridoids exhibit a wide range of pharmacological activities such as cardiovascular, hepatoprotection, hypoglycaemic, antimutagenic, antispasmodic, anti-tumour, antiviral, immunomodulation and purgative effects this review will acutely focus on their anti-inflammatory properties. The paper aims to present a summary for the most prominent iridoid-containing plants for which anti-inflammatory activity has been demonstrated in vitro and / or in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Viljoen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa.
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Choi YH, Jin GY, Li GZ, Yan GH. Cornuside suppresses lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory mediators by inhibiting nuclear factor-kappa B activation in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Biol Pharm Bull 2011; 34:959-66. [PMID: 21719998 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.34.959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cornuside, a secoiridoid glucoside compound, was isolated from the fruit of Cornus officinalis SIEB. et ZUCC. Cornuside has been reported to possess immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory activities. However, the effects and mechanism of action of cornuside in inflammation have not been fully characterized. The present study was therefore designed to examine whether cornuside suppresses inflammatory response in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. Cornuside significantly inhibited the LPS-induced production of nitric oxide, prostaglandin E(2), tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and IL-1beta. The mRNA and protein expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) were also decreased by cornuside. Furthermore, cornuside significantly attenuated the LPS-stimulated phosphorylation and degradation of inhibitory kappa B-alpha and the subsequent translocation of the p65 subunit of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) to the nucleus. Cornuside also reduced the phosphorylations of extracellular-signal-related kinase (ERK1/2), p38, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK1/2). These results suggest that the anti-inflammatory property of cornuside is related to the downregulations of iNOS and COX-2 due to NF-κB inhibition as well as the negative regulation of ERK1/2, p38, and JNK1/2 phosphorylations in RAW 264.7 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Ho Choi
- Department of Anatomy, Medical School, Institute for Medical Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 561–756, Republic of Korea
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Chen C, Jin X, Meng X, Zheng C, Shen Y, Wang Y. Inhibition of TNFα-induced adhesion molecule expression by (Z)-(S)-9-octadecenamide, N-(2-hydroxyethyl,1-methyl). Eur J Pharmacol 2011; 660:305-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2011.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2010] [Revised: 03/18/2011] [Accepted: 04/06/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Jiang WL, Zhang SM, Tang XX, Liu HZ. Protective roles of cornuside in acute myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury in rats. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2011; 18:266-271. [PMID: 20739159 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2010.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2010] [Revised: 05/28/2010] [Accepted: 07/12/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Cornuside is a secoiridoid glucoside isolated from the fruit of Cornus officinalis SIEB. et ZUCC. In this study, we investigated the anti-myocardial ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury effects of cornuside in vivo and elucidated the potential mechanism. Rat models of myocardial I/R were induced by coronary occlusion followed by reperfusion or by Isoproterenol (ISO), treatment of rats with cornuside (20 and 40 mg/kg, i.v.) protected the animals from myocardial I/R injury as indicated by a decrease in infarct volume, improvement in hemodynamics and reduction of myocardial damage severity. Treatment with cornuside also attenuated polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) infiltration, decreased myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in the heart, lowered serum levels of pro-inflammatory factors and reduced phosphorylated IκB-α and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) levels in the heart. Additionally, cornuside was shown to have remarkable antioxidant activity and inhibited ISO-induced myocardial cell necrosis. Thus, cornuside appeared to protect the rat from myocardial I/R injury by acting as an anti-inflammatory agent. These findings suggested that cornuside may be used therapeutically in the setting of myocardial I/R where inflammation and oxidant injury are prominent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang-Lin Jiang
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, 5# Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, PR China
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Sung YH, Chang HK, Kim SE, Kim YM, Seo JH, Shin MC, Shin MS, Yi JW, Shin DH, Kim H, Kim CJ. Anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of the aqueous extract of corni fructus in murine RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. J Med Food 2009; 12:788-95. [PMID: 19735178 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2008.1011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Corni fructus is the fruit of Cornus officinalis Sieb. et Zucc, which is classified into the dogwood family of Cornaceae. Corni fructus has antineoplastic, antioxidative, and antidiabetic effects, but its anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects are unknown. Here, we investigated the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of an aqueous extract of corni fructus using murine RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. For this study, we used the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, western blot analysis, prostaglandin (PG) E(2) immunoassay, and nitric oxide (NO) detection. In addition, the analgesic effect of corni fructus was assessed by the acetic acid-induced writhing response in mice. The aqueous extract of corni fructus suppressed PGE(2) synthesis and NO production by inhibiting the lipopolysaccharide-induced expression of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and inducible NO synthase (iNOS) in murine RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. The extract also suppressed increases in nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) levels in the nucleus. In vivo study showed that the extract suppressed the acetic acid-induced writhing response in mice. The aqueous extract of corni fructus exerts anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects by suppressing COX-2 and iNOS expression through the down-regulation of NF-kappaB binding activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Hee Sung
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul
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Ding T, Sun J, Zhang P. Study on MCP-1 related to inflammation induced by biomaterials. Biomed Mater 2009; 4:035005. [DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/4/3/035005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Gao D, Li N, Li Q, Li J, Han Z, Fan Y, Liu Z. Study of the extraction, purification and antidiabetic potential of ursolic acid fromCornus officinalis Sieb. et Zucc. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.2217/14750708.5.5.697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Simultaneous determination of six active components in crude and processed Fructus Corni by high performance liquid chromatography. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2008; 48:194-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2008.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2007] [Revised: 04/08/2008] [Accepted: 04/10/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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