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Pinckard KM, Félix-Soriano E, Hamilton S, Terentyeva R, Baer LA, Wright KR, Nassal D, Esteves JV, Abay E, Shettigar VK, Ziolo MT, Hund TJ, Wold LE, Terentyev D, Stanford KI. Maternal exercise preserves offspring cardiovascular health via oxidative regulation of the ryanodine receptor. Mol Metab 2024; 82:101914. [PMID: 38479548 PMCID: PMC10965826 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2024.101914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The intrauterine environment during pregnancy is a critical factor in the development of obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease in offspring. Maternal exercise prevents the detrimental effects of a maternal high fat diet on the metabolic health in adult offspring, but the effects of maternal exercise on offspring cardiovascular health have not been thoroughly investigated. METHODS To determine the effects of maternal exercise on offspring cardiovascular health, female mice were fed a chow (C; 21% kcal from fat) or high-fat (H; 60% kcal from fat) diet and further subdivided into sedentary (CS, HS) or wheel exercised (CW, HW) prior to pregnancy and throughout gestation. Offspring were maintained in a sedentary state and chow-fed throughout 52 weeks of age and subjected to serial echocardiography and cardiomyocyte isolation for functional and mechanistic studies. RESULTS High-fat fed sedentary dams (HS) produced female offspring with reduced ejection fraction (EF) compared to offspring from chow-fed dams (CS), but EF was preserved in offspring from high-fat fed exercised dams (HW) throughout 52 weeks of age. Cardiomyocytes from HW female offspring had increased kinetics, calcium cycling, and respiration compared to CS and HS offspring. HS offspring had increased oxidation of the RyR2 in cardiomyocytes coupled with increased baseline sarcomere length, resulting in RyR2 overactivity, which was negated in female HW offspring. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest a role for maternal exercise to protect against the detrimental effects of a maternal high-fat diet on female offspring cardiac health. Maternal exercise improved female offspring cardiomyocyte contraction, calcium cycling, respiration, RyR2 oxidation, and RyR2 activity. These data present an important, translatable role for maternal exercise to preserve cardiac health of female offspring and provide insight on mechanisms to prevent the transmission of cardiovascular diseases to subsequent generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey M Pinckard
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Elisa Félix-Soriano
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Surgery, Division of General and Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Shanna Hamilton
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Radmila Terentyeva
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Lisa A Baer
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Surgery, Division of General and Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Katherine R Wright
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Drew Nassal
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Joao Victor Esteves
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Surgery, Division of General and Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Eaman Abay
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Vikram K Shettigar
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Mark T Ziolo
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Thomas J Hund
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University College of Engineering, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Loren E Wold
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiac Surgery, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Dmitry Terentyev
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Kristin I Stanford
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Surgery, Division of General and Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA.
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Tando Y, Matsui Y. Inheritance of environment-induced phenotypic changes through epigenetic mechanisms. ENVIRONMENTAL EPIGENETICS 2023; 9:dvad008. [PMID: 38094661 PMCID: PMC10719065 DOI: 10.1093/eep/dvad008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Growing evidence suggests that epigenetic changes through various parental environmental factors alter the phenotypes of descendants in various organisms. Environmental factors, including exposure to chemicals, stress and abnormal nutrition, affect the epigenome in parental germ cells by different epigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA methylation, histone modification as well as small RNAs via metabolites. Some current remaining questions are the causal relationship between environment-induced epigenetic changes in germ cells and altered phenotypes of descendants, and the molecular basis of how the abnormal epigenetic changes escape reprogramming in germ cells. In this review, we introduce representative examples of intergenerational and transgenerational inheritance of phenotypic changes through parental environmental factors and the accompanied epigenetic and metabolic changes, with a focus on animal species. We also discuss the molecular mechanisms of epigenomic inheritance and their possible biological significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko Tando
- Cell Resource Center for Biomedical Research, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Yasuhisa Matsui
- Cell Resource Center for Biomedical Research, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
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3
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Grech AM, Kizirian N, Lal R, Zankl A, Birkner K, Nasir R, Muirhead R, Sau-Harvey R, Haghighi MM, Collins C, Holmes A, Skilton M, Simpson S, Gordon A. Cohort profile: the BABY1000 pilot prospective longitudinal birth cohort study based in Sydney, Australia. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e068275. [PMID: 37290940 PMCID: PMC10255277 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-068275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The health of parents prior to conception, a woman's health during pregnancy and the infant's environment across their first months and years collectively have profound effects on the child's health across the lifespan. Since there are very few cohort studies in early pregnancy, gaps remain in our understanding of the mechanisms underpinning these relationships, and how health may be optimised. 'BABY1000', a pilot prospective longitudinal birth cohort study, aims to (1) identify factors before and during pregnancy and early life that impact longer-term health and (2) assess the feasibility and acceptability of study design to inform future research. PARTICIPANTS Participants were based in Sydney, Australia. Women were recruited at preconception or 12 weeks' gestation, and data were collected from them throughout pregnancy and postpartum, their children until the age of 2 years, and dietary information from a partner (if able) at the last study visit. The pilot aimed to recruit 250 women. However, recruitment ceased earlier than planned secondary to limitations from the COVID-19 pandemic and the final number of subjects was 225. FINDINGS TO DATE Biosamples, clinical measurements and sociodemographic/psychosocial measures were collected using validated tools and questionnaires. Data analysis and 24-month follow-up assessments for children are ongoing. Key early findings presented include participant demographics and dietary adequacy during pregnancy. The COVID-19 pandemic and associated public health and research restrictions affected recruitment of participants, follow-up assessments and data completeness. FUTURE PLANS The BABY1000 study will provide further insight into the developmental origins of health and disease and inform design and implementation of future cohort and intervention studies in the field. Since the BABY1000 pilot was conducted across the COVID-19 pandemic, it also provides unique insight into the early impacts of the pandemic on families, which may have effects on health across the lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Marie Grech
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Central Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- The University of Sydney Charles Perkins Centre, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nathalie Kizirian
- The University of Sydney Charles Perkins Centre, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ravin Lal
- The University of Sydney Charles Perkins Centre, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Angelika Zankl
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Central Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Karin Birkner
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Central Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- The University of Sydney Charles Perkins Centre, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Reeja Nasir
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Central Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- The University of Sydney Charles Perkins Centre, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Roslyn Muirhead
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Central Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- The University of Sydney Charles Perkins Centre, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rachelle Sau-Harvey
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Central Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- The University of Sydney Charles Perkins Centre, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Marjan Mosalman Haghighi
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Central Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- The University of Sydney Charles Perkins Centre, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Clare Collins
- The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, New Lambton, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Andrew Holmes
- The University of Sydney Charles Perkins Centre, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Science, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michael Skilton
- The University of Sydney Charles Perkins Centre, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Stephen Simpson
- The University of Sydney Charles Perkins Centre, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Adrienne Gordon
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Central Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- The University of Sydney Charles Perkins Centre, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Mohammadkhani R, Komaki A, Karimi SA, Behzad M, Heidarisasan S, Salehi I. Maternal high-intensity interval training as a suitable approach for offspring's heart protection in rat: evidence from oxidative stress and mitochondrial genes. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1117666. [PMID: 37288431 PMCID: PMC10242028 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1117666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Considerable scientific evidence suggests that the intrauterine environment plays a crucial role in determining the long-term health of offspring. The present study aims to investigate the effects of high-intensity interval training in maternal rats before and during pregnancy on the antioxidant status, mitochondrial gene expression, and anxiety-like behavior of their offspring. A total of thirty-two female rats were assigned to four maternal groups based on the timing of exercise: before pregnancy, before and during pregnancy, during pregnancy, and sedentary. The female and male offspring were allocated to groups that matched their mothers' exercise regimen. Anxiety-like behavior in the offspring was evaluated using the open-field and elevated plus-maze tests. Our findings indicate that maternal HIIT does not have any detrimental effect on the anxiety-related behavior of offspring. Also, maternal exercise before and during pregnancy could improve the general activity of the offspring. Furthermore, our results demonstrate that female offspring exhibit more locomotion activity than males. Besides, maternal HIIT leads to a reduction in the levels of TOS and MDA, while TAC levels increase, and significantly upregulate the gene expression of PGC1-α, NFR1, and NRF2 in both sexes in the heart. Therefore, our study suggests that maternal HIIT is a beneficial maternal behavior and serves as a cardioprotective agent to enhance the health of the next generations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alireza Komaki
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Seyed Asaad Karimi
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mahdi Behzad
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Shirin Heidarisasan
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Iraj Salehi
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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Day KR, Wilcox S, Liu J, Zahnd WE. Associations Between Neighborhood Crime and Physical Activity Among Pregnant Women in South Carolina. Prev Chronic Dis 2023; 20:E29. [PMID: 37079752 PMCID: PMC10159333 DOI: 10.5888/pcd20.220239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey R Day
- Prevention Research Center, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia
- University of South Carolina, Arnold School of Public Health, Department of Exercise Science, 921 Assembly St, Columbia, SC 29205.
| | - Sara Wilcox
- Prevention Research Center, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia
| | - Jihong Liu
- Prevention Research Center, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia
| | - Whitney E Zahnd
- Department of Health Management and Policy, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City
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Mortaji N, Krzeczkowski J, Atkinson S, Amani B, Schmidt LA, Van Lieshout R. Preliminary findings of emotion regulation in 12-month-old infants of mothers enrolled in a randomized controlled trial assessing a nutrition + exercise intervention. Dev Psychobiol 2023; 65:e22376. [PMID: 36811372 DOI: 10.1002/dev.22376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Improved offspring emotion regulation (ER) has been associated with maternal intake of single nutrients or exercise during pregnancy but has not been examined in randomized trials. We investigated the impact of a maternal nutrition + exercise intervention during pregnancy on offspring ER at 12 months of age. Mothers in the Be Healthy In Pregnancy randomized controlled trial were randomly assigned to an individualized nutrition + exercise intervention plus usual care (UC) or UC alone (control group). A multimethod assessment of infant ER using parasympathetic nervous system function (high frequency heart rate variability [HF-HRV] and root mean square of successive differences [RMSSD]) as well as maternal reports of infant temperament (Infant Behavior Questionnaire- Revised short form) was completed with a subsample of infants of enrolled mothers (intervention = 9, control = 8). The trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT01689961). We observed greater HF-HRV (M = 4.63, SD = 0.50, p = .04, ƞ2 p = .25) and RMSSD (M = 24.25, SD = 6.15, p = .04, ƞ2 p = .25) in infants of mothers in the intervention versus control group. Intervention group infants also had higher maternally rated surgency/extraversion (M = 5.54, SD = 0.38, p = .00, ƞ2 p = .65) and regulation/orienting (M = 5.46, SD = 0.52, p = .02, ƞ2 p = .81), and lower negative affectivity (M = 2.70, SD = 0.91, p = .03, ƞ2 p = .52). These preliminary results suggest that pregnancy nutrition + exercise interventions could improve infant ER but these findings require replication in larger, more diverse samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Mortaji
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Stephanie Atkinson
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bahar Amani
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Louis A Schmidt
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ryan Van Lieshout
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Wieloch N, Klostermann A, Kimmich N, Spörri J, Scherr J. Sport and exercise recommendations for pregnant athletes: a systematic scoping review. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2022; 8:e001395. [DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2022-001395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
ObjectivesTo analyse the available evidence and identify gaps in current knowledge regarding physical activity volume and intensity and their effects on pregnancy outcomes in female athletes.DesignScoping review.Data sourcesA structured literature search of three electronic databases (Embase, PubMed and Web of Science) was conducted on 25 February 2022, and a rerun search was conducted on 8 September 2022.Eligibility criteriaStudies were eligible if they contained information on the relevant population (ie, elite or competitive amateur female athletes), intervention/exposure (ie, minimum of 10 hours of sport per week) and fetal and maternal outcomes. Eligible comparators included female recreational athletes and pregnant non-exercisers.Risk of biasThe risk of bias was evaluated with the National Institutes of Health (National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute) quality assessment tool.ResultsThe results revealed a discrepancy between the number of original research papers and the number of reviews and recommendations derived from them. The identified studies focused primarily on pregnant recreational athletes. Sixteen clinical studies met the inclusion criteria. No adverse effects on maternal or fetal outcomes were reported. Only during performance tests involving acute intensive exercise with the mother exercising at more than 90% of her maximal heart rate did some fetuses experience decelerations in heart rate.Summary/conclusionA lack of high-quality studies and direct evidence on pregnant elite and competitive amateur female athletes is evident. Further prospective observational cohort studies are needed using new monitoring methods (eg, non-invasive, wireless monitoring systems) aiming to gain a broader understanding of the stress tolerance of pregnant athletes and fetuses during exercise. Following that, interventional studies with stress tests in laboratory settings should be conducted. Therefore, technology plays a decisive role in gaining new knowledge and providing evidence-based recommendations on this topic.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42022309541.
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McRoy JA, Akers LH, Edwards ES, Walsh JR, Akers JD. The Effects of Exercise on Breastmilk Composition and Supply. CLINICAL LACTATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1891/cl.2021-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
ObjectiveThe objective of this brief literature review was to identify and summarize the research on exercise’s effects on breastmilk composition and supply and report the implications of these findings.MethodAn online database search was conducted; sixteen articles met the inclusion criteria and were included within the review.ResultsBreastfeeding mothers were observed to have higher total milk volume, IgA, and lactic acid concentrations after maximal exercising. Exercising does not seem to affect lipid or major micronutrient content in breastmilk. These changes in supply and composition do not seem to affect lactation performance or infant acceptance.ConclusionDue to the limited evidence available, further research needs to be conducted to draw stronger conclusions on how exercise affects breastmilk composition and supply. Research is also warranted to clarify exercise/physical activity guidelines for women who are breastfeeding.
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Sitzberger C, Hansl J, Felberbaum R, Brössner A, Oberhoffer-Fritz R, Wacker-Gussmann A. Physical Activity in High-Risk Pregnancies. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11030703. [PMID: 35160151 PMCID: PMC8836910 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11030703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
It is known that physical activity before and during pregnancy is associated with health benefits for both the mother and fetus. The WHO recommends a minimum of 150 min per week of moderate-intensity aerobic physical activity for pregnant women. However, the majority of pregnant woman seem not to be physically active in pregnancy as recommended. In addition, the WHO recommendations do not include information on physical activity (PA) for specific target groups. This might be particularly problematic in women with assisted reproduction technologies (ART) or those who have received the fetal diagnosis of congenital heart defects (CHD). The aim of our study was to elaborate on whether assisted reproduction technologies (ART) and/or the diagnosis of fetal congenital heart defects (CHD) influence the level of PA in pregnant women, and to determine if there is a difference between PA behavior before and during pregnancy. In addition, we will evaluate whether high-risk pregnant women also reach the WHO recommendations. A non-interventional, cross-sectional, monocentric study based on two standardized questionnaires on physical activity was conducted. In total, n = 158 pregnant women were included. All of the participants were recruited from the outpatient clinics of the German Heart Center, Munich, and the Klinikverbund Kempten-Oberallgäu, Germany. Pregnant women after ART (n = 18), with fetal CHD (n = 25) and with both ART and CHD (n = 8) could be included. A total of 107 pregnant women served as healthy controls. Women, after ART, showed a significantly reduced level of physical activity (p = 0.014) during pregnancy compared to women who became pregnant naturally. Additionally, less (p < 0.001) and lighter (p = 0.002) physical activity was observed in all groups during pregnancy compared to those before pregnancy. An increase in maternal age increases the likelihood of CHD (p < 0.001) and decreases the level of physical activity before pregnancy (p = 0.012). The overall level of physical activity decreased in healthy and high-risk pregnancies, and only a quarter (26.49%) of all pregnant women reached the WHO recommendations. Further research for the specific target groups is highly recommended in order to promote and increase physical activity in ART and CHD pregnancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Sitzberger
- Institute of Preventive Pediatrics, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 80992 Munich, Germany; (J.H.); (R.O.-F.); (A.W.-G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Juliane Hansl
- Institute of Preventive Pediatrics, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 80992 Munich, Germany; (J.H.); (R.O.-F.); (A.W.-G.)
| | - Ricardo Felberbaum
- Klinikverbund Kempten(Allgäu), Kinderwunschzentrum, 87439 Kempten (Allgäu), Germany; (R.F.); (A.B.)
| | - Anke Brössner
- Klinikverbund Kempten(Allgäu), Kinderwunschzentrum, 87439 Kempten (Allgäu), Germany; (R.F.); (A.B.)
| | - Renate Oberhoffer-Fritz
- Institute of Preventive Pediatrics, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 80992 Munich, Germany; (J.H.); (R.O.-F.); (A.W.-G.)
- German Heart Centre, Department of Paediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart Defects, 80636 Munich, Germany
| | - Annette Wacker-Gussmann
- Institute of Preventive Pediatrics, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 80992 Munich, Germany; (J.H.); (R.O.-F.); (A.W.-G.)
- German Heart Centre, Department of Paediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart Defects, 80636 Munich, Germany
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Sousa Neto I, Fontes W, Prestes J, Marqueti R. Impact of paternal exercise on physiological systems in the offspring. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2021; 231:e13620. [PMID: 33606364 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A significant number of studies have demonstrated that paternal exercise modulates future generations via effects on the sperm epigenome. However, comprehensive information regarding the effects of exercise performed by the father on different tissues and their clinical relevance has not yet been explored in detail. This narrative review is focused on the effects of paternal exercise training on various physiological systems of offspring. A detailed mechanistic understanding of these effects could provide crucial clues for the exercise physiology field and aid the development of therapeutic approaches to mitigate disorders in future generations. Non-coding RNA and DNA methylation are major routes for transmitting epigenetic information from parents to offspring. Resistance and treadmill exercise are the most frequently used modalities of planned and structured exercise in controlled experiments. Paternal exercise orchestrated protective effects over changes in fetus development and placenta inflammatory status. Moreover paternal exercise promoted modifications in the ncRNA profiles, gene and protein expression in the hippocampus, left ventricle, skeletal muscle, tendon, liver and pancreas in the offspring, while the transgenerational effects are unknown. Paternal exercise demonstrates clinical benefits to the offspring and provides a warning on the harmful effects of a paternal unhealthy lifestyle. Exercise in fathers is presented as one of the most logical and cost-effective ways of restoring health in the offspring and, consequently, modifying the phenotype. It is important to consider that paternal programming might have unique significance in the developmental origins of offspring diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo Sousa Neto
- Laboratory of Molecular Analysis Graduate Program of Sciences and Technology of Health Faculdade de Ceilândia ‐ Universidade de Brasília Brasília Distrito Federal Brazil
| | - Wagner Fontes
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Biochemistry Department of Cell Biology Institute of Biology Universidade de Brasília Brasília Distrito Federal Brazil
| | - Jonato Prestes
- Graduate Program on Physical Education Universidade Católica de Brasília Brasília Distrito Federal Brazil
| | - Rita Marqueti
- Laboratory of Molecular Analysis Graduate Program of Sciences and Technology of Health Faculdade de Ceilândia ‐ Universidade de Brasília Brasília Distrito Federal Brazil
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Reynolds L, Vsevolozhskaya O, Rice B, Chavan N, Dugan A, Maddox H, Preston J, DeHoff L, O'Brien J, Pearson K. Physical activity during pregnancy alters gene expression in neonatal tissue. Physiol Int 2021. [DOI: 10.1556/2060.2021.00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
AbstractReducing the risk of developing chronic disease, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes, is an important component of successful aging. Offspring born to mothers who exercise during pregnancy have improved body composition and metabolic profiles. However, mechanisms to explain this phenomenon are lacking.PurposeThis study examined whether maternal step counts were correlated with neonatal gene expression markers related to glucose metabolism and adipogenesis.MethodsPhysical activity levels were assessed in women with male neonates via Fitbit Flex® during the second and third trimester of pregnancy. The dartos and epidermal/dermal layers of the foreskin were collected following circumcision in full-term, singleton, neonates (n = 12 dartos and n = 14 dermal). Tissue was homogenized, RNA isolated, and a NanoString code set was run to quantify a panel of genes related to glucose metabolism and adipogenesis.ResultsTwelve genes were correlated to steps per day with a P-value of <0.05. After adjusting for multiple comparisons, six genes remained significantly correlated to steps per day (False Discovery Rate-corrected P-value < 0.10). Notably, glucose transporter 1, adiponectin receptor 1, and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha and beta were positively correlated with steps per day, while peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1- alpha were negatively correlated with steps per day.ConclusionMaternal physical activity is associated with offspring gene expression markers of adipogenesis, insulin sensitivity and glucose uptake. Future studies should aim to mechanistically examine whether these markers are driving increased adiposity in offspring born to sedentary mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- L.J. Reynolds
- 1Department of Human Movement Sciences, College of Education and Professional Studies, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - O.A. Vsevolozhskaya
- 2Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - B.B. Rice
- 3Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - N.R. Chavan
- 4Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - A.J. Dugan
- 2Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - H.F. Maddox
- 3Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - J.D. Preston
- 3Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- 5School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - L.B. DeHoff
- 3Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - J.M. O'Brien
- 4Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - K.J. Pearson
- 3Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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12
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Sanches EF, Dos Santos TM, Odorcyk F, Untertriefallner H, Rezena E, Hoeper E, Avila T, Martini AP, Venturin GT, da Costa JC, Greggio S, Netto CA, Wyse AT. Pregnancy swimming prevents early brain mitochondrial dysfunction and causes sex-related long-term neuroprotection following neonatal hypoxia-ischemia in rats. Exp Neurol 2021; 339:113623. [PMID: 33529673 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2021.113623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Neonatal hypoxia-ischemia (HI) is a major cause of cognitive impairments in infants. Antenatal strategies improving the intrauterine environment can have high impact decreasing pregnancy-derived intercurrences. Physical exercise alters the mother-fetus unity and has been shown to prevent the energetic challenge imposed by HI. This study aimed to reveal neuroprotective mechanisms afforded by pregnancy swimming on early metabolic failure and late cognitive damage, considering animals' sex as a variable. Pregnant Wistar rats were submitted to daily swimming exercise (20' in a tank filled with 32 °C water) during pregnancy. Neonatal HI was performed in male and female pups at postnatal day 7. Electron chain transport, mitochondrial mass and function and ROS formation were assessed in the right brain hemisphere 24 h after HI. From PND45, reference and working spatial memory were tested in the Morris water maze. MicroPET-FDG images were acquired 24 h after injury (PND8) and at PND60, following behavioral analysis. HI induced early energetic failure, decreased enzymatic activity in electron transport chain, increased production of ROS in cortex and hippocampus as well as caused brain glucose metabolism dysfunction and late cognitive impairments. Maternal swimming was able to prevent mitochondrial dysfunction and to improve spatial memory. The intergenerational effects of swimming were sex-specific, since male rats were benefited most. In conclusion, maternal swimming was able to affect the mitochondrial response to HI in the offspring's brains, preserving its function and preventing cognitive damage in a sex-dependent manner, adding relevant information on maternal exercise neuroprotection and highlighting the importance of mitochondria as a therapeutic target for HI neuropathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- E F Sanches
- Biochemistry Post-graduation Program, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Biochemistry Department, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - T M Dos Santos
- Biochemistry Post-graduation Program, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Biochemistry Department, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - F Odorcyk
- Biochemistry Post-graduation Program, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Biochemistry Department, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - H Untertriefallner
- Biochemistry Department, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - E Rezena
- Biochemistry Department, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - E Hoeper
- Biochemistry Department, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - T Avila
- Biochemistry Department, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - A P Martini
- Biochemistry Department, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - G T Venturin
- Preclinical Research Center, Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul (BraIns), Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - J C da Costa
- Preclinical Research Center, Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul (BraIns), Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - S Greggio
- Preclinical Research Center, Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul (BraIns), Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - C A Netto
- Biochemistry Post-graduation Program, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Biochemistry Department, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - A T Wyse
- Biochemistry Post-graduation Program, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Biochemistry Department, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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13
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Moholdt T, Hayman M, Shorakae S, Brown WJ, Harrison CL. The Role of Lifestyle Intervention in the Prevention and Treatment of Gestational Diabetes. Semin Reprod Med 2021; 38:398-406. [PMID: 33472245 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1722208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Obesity during pregnancy is associated with the development of adverse outcomes, including gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). GDM is highly associated with obesity and independently increases the risk of both complications during pregnancy and future impaired glycemic control and risk factors for cardiovascular disease for both the mother and child. Despite extensive research evaluating the effectiveness of lifestyle interventions incorporating diet and/or exercise, there remains a lack of definitive consensus on their overall efficacy alone or in combination for both the prevention and treatment of GDM. Combination of diet and physical activity/exercise interventions for GDM prevention demonstrates limited success, whereas exercise-only interventions report of risk reductions ranging from 3 to 49%. Similarly, combination therapy of diet and exercise is the first-line treatment of GDM, with positive effects on maternal weight gain and the prevalence of infants born large-for-gestational age. Yet, there is inconclusive evidence on the effects of diet or exercise as standalone therapies for GDM treatment. In clinical care, women with GDM should be treated with a multidisciplinary approach, starting with lifestyle modification and escalating to pharmacotherapy if needed. Several key knowledge gaps remain, including how lifestyle interventions can be optimized during pregnancy, and whether intervention during preconception is effective for preventing the rising prevalence of GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trine Moholdt
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Women's Clinic, St. Olav's Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Melanie Hayman
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Physical Activity Research Group, Appleton Institute, CQ University, Rockhampton, Australia
| | - Soulmaz Shorakae
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,Diabetes and Vascular Medicine Unit, Monash Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Wendy J Brown
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Cheryce L Harrison
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,Diabetes and Vascular Medicine Unit, Monash Health, Melbourne, Australia
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14
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Fiutem JJ, Watanabe M. Introduction for the special issue on "exercise during pregnancy". Birth Defects Res 2020; 113:209-213. [PMID: 33258283 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Justin J Fiutem
- Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, The Congenital Heart Collaborative, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Michiko Watanabe
- Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, The Congenital Heart Collaborative, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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15
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Román-Gálvez MR, Amezcua-Prieto C, Salcedo-Bellido I, Olmedo-Requena R, Martínez-Galiano JM, Khan KS, Bueno-Cavanillas A. Physical activity before and during pregnancy: A cohort study. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2020; 152:374-381. [PMID: 32978781 DOI: 10.1002/ijgo.13387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate physical activity (PA) in healthy women before and during pregnancy and to evaluate the features associated with moderate PA (MPA). METHODS A prospective cohort study was conducted on women selected 14 weeks of pregnancy during 2013-2015 in primary public health service centers in southern Spain. Type, duration, and frequency of PA (IPAQ questionnaire in first, second, and third trimesters [T1, T2, T3]) were measured. Variables associated with MPA were evaluated using multiple logistic regressions controlling for age, pre-pregnancy obesity, level of education, number of living children, pre-pregnancy PA, and adherence to Mediterranean diet (AMD). RESULTS Out of 463 women, MPA was estimated in 64% pre-pregnancy, and 54%, 61%, and 59% in T1, T2, and T3, respectively. MPA was associated with greater AMD in T2 (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.17, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.04-1.33) and T3 (aOR 1.16, 95% CI 1.02-1.31), previous PA (aOR 13.5, 95% CI 8.12-22.5 in T1; aOR 2.61, 95% CI 1.72-3.96 in T2; aOR 2.59, 95% CI 1.65-4.05 in T3), and pre-pregnancy obesity (aOR 2.97, 95% CI 1.28-6.89 in T1; aOR 2.69, 95% CI 1.23-3.60 in T3). CONCLUSION PA decreased at the beginning of pregnancy, but compliance remained over 50%. MPA was associated with diet, pre-pregnancy PA, and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Rosario Román-Gálvez
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Unidad de Gestión Clínica Churriana de la Vega, Andalusian Health Service, Granada, Spain
| | - Carmen Amezcua-Prieto
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Complejo Hospitales Universitarios de Granada/Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Salcedo-Bellido
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Complejo Hospitales Universitarios de Granada/Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Rocío Olmedo-Requena
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Complejo Hospitales Universitarios de Granada/Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Juan Miguel Martínez-Galiano
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Nursing, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - Khalid S Khan
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Women's Health Research Unit, Barts and the London, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Aurora Bueno-Cavanillas
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Complejo Hospitales Universitarios de Granada/Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
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16
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McHugh J, Dalal M, Agarwal N. From Preconception Care to the First Day of School: Transforming the Health of New Families With Lifestyle Medicine. Am J Lifestyle Med 2020; 14:532-540. [PMID: 32922238 DOI: 10.1177/1559827620912703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lifestyle medicine holds great promise to transform health during the period from preconception to early childhood. Genetic, epigenetic, nutritional, and environmental factors have lifetime impact on the newborn and family. Little is known about the full potential of lifestyle medicine to improve maternal, child, and family health. Additionally, health care providers face limits in time and may have gaps in knowledge, that preclude discussion of the impact lifestyle medicine can the mother, newborn, and family. Greater understanding of the potential impact of lifestyle medicine provides opportunities to identify current deficiencies in care and areas for improvement and highlights the need for further research. This article reviews current evidence supporting the 6 pillars of lifestyle medicine: nutrition, physical activity, sleep, avoiding risky substance use, stress management and social connectedness as applied to maternal child care from preconception to early childhood, examines the current state of practice, and identifies opportunities for both practice change and further research. Rather than view each component of care in isolation, viewing care as a continuum from preconception to childhood can best establish healthy habits and optimize outcomes for the entire family.
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Affiliation(s)
- John McHugh
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Michelle Dalal
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Neeta Agarwal
- Indiana University, School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
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17
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Alaglan AA, Almousa RF, Alomirini AA, Alabdularazaq ES, Alkheder RS, Alzaben KA, Alonayzan GA, Saquib J. Saudi women's physical activity habits during pregnancy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 16:1745506520952045. [PMID: 32821024 PMCID: PMC7443987 DOI: 10.1177/1745506520952045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite many benefits of physical exercise to women during pregnancy, the majority of Saudi women do not engage in an adequate amount of activity because of common barriers such as fatigue, lack of motivation, and childcare. The purpose of this study was to estimate the proportion of Saudi women who get adequate exercise during pregnancy as well as to evaluate their knowledge of, attitude toward, and barriers to physical exercise during pregnancy. METHODS This study had a cross-sectional design. Data were collected retrospectively (average time: 1 year after the birth), using translated questionnaires (English to Arabic), from primary health care centers and from the Maternity and Children Hospital in Qassim, Saudi Arabia. Logistic regression was employed to assess the a priori correlates of adequate exercise during pregnancy (primary outcome). RESULTS The sample included 274 women, who had a mean age of 31.9 years. A majority of the women thought that physical exercise during pregnancy was necessary and had high knowledge levels (mean = 77; median = 75) about types and amount of physical activity. Less than half of the women were either walking (26%) or exercising (42%) adequately (i.e. ⩾150 min/week). Age (odds ratio: 1.79), number of pregnancies (odds ratio: 2.41), attitude toward exercise (odds ratio: 2.71), and self-rated health (odds ratio: 2.50) were significant correlates of adequate exercise during pregnancy. Among those who reported no physical exercise during pregnancy (n = 68), the following barriers were most common: tiredness (25.0%), fear (18.1%), dislike of exercise (16.7%), and lack of information (16.7%). CONCLUSION For Saudi women, interventions are needed during pre-natal checkups to promote and maintain adequate physical activity levels during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer A Alaglan
- College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rania F Almousa
- College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Juliann Saquib
- College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, Sulaiman AlRajhi University, Al Bukayriyah, Saudi Arabia
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18
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Mohammadkhani R, Khaledi N, Rajabi H, Salehi I, Komaki A. Influence of the maternal high-intensity-interval-training on the cardiac Sirt6 and lipid profile of the adult male offspring in rats. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0237148. [PMID: 32745152 PMCID: PMC7398538 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The susceptibility to cardiovascular disease in offspring could be reduced prior to birth through maternal intervention, before and during pregnancy. We evaluated whether the initiation periods of maternal exercise in preconception and pregnancy periods induce beneficial effects in the adult male offspring. Thirty-two female rats were divided into control and exercise groups. The exercise groups involve exercise before pregnancy or the preconception periods, exercise during pregnancy, and exercise before and during pregnancy. The mothers in the exercise groups were run on the treadmill in different periods. Then the birth weight and weekly weight gain of male offspring were measured, and the blood and left ventricle tissue of samples were collected for analysis of the Sirtuin 6 (Sirt6) and insulin growth factor-2 (IGF-2) gene expression, serum levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), cholesterol (Cho), and triglycerides (TG). There was no significant difference in the birth weight of offspring groups (P = 0.246) while maternal HIIT only during pregnancy leads to reduce weekly weight gain of offspring. Our data showed that Sirt6 and IGF-2 gene expression was increased (P = 0.017) and decreased (P = 0.047) by maternal exercise prior to and during pregnancy, respectively. Also, the serum level of LDL (p = 0.002) and Cho (P = 0.007) were significantly decreased and maternal exercise leads to improves the running speed of the adult male offspring (p = 0.0176). This study suggests that maternal HIIT prior to and during pregnancy have positive intergenerational consequence in the health and physical readiness of offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reihaneh Mohammadkhani
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education & Sports Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda Khaledi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education & Sports Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Rajabi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education & Sports Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Iraj Salehi
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Alireza Komaki
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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19
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Halvatsiotis P, Panagiotou O, Koulouvaris P, Raptis A, Bamias A, Kalantaridou S, Valsamakis G. Benefits of exercise in pregnancies with gestational diabetes. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2020; 35:2524-2529. [PMID: 32631105 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2020.1786515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A significant proportion of pregnancies are complicated by diabetes mellitus. Most of them concern women with gestational diabetes mellitus, while proportionally are presented with preexisting DM 1 and DM 2. Metabolic derangements of the diabetic syndrome are likely to generate serious complications for both the mother and the fetus with a significant impact on their later health. Undoubtedly, all appropriate interventions that will contribute to the smoothest and most uncomplicated course of pregnancy are considered essential. Healthy diet adjustments, glucose monitoring and an appropriate insulin regimen, if needed, are considered effective tools for a safe gestation. Courses with aerobic, anaerobic stretching and relaxation exercises are presented with significant benefits in the therapeutic struggle for the general public. Extended research has been conducted assessing the role of exercise incorporation in a diabetic pregnancy. As evidence would support based on recent literature, exercise is an important mean in the prevention of carbohydrate intolerance during gestation and even more facilitates a smoother management of a diabetic pregnancy. Thus, exercise poses an essential role for maternal and neonatal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Halvatsiotis
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine-Propaedeutic and Diabetes Center, University General Hospital "Attikon", Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Greece, Athens, Greece
| | - Ourania Panagiotou
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine-Propaedeutic and Diabetes Center, University General Hospital "Attikon", Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Greece, Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Koulouvaris
- 1st Department of Orthopaedic Surgery University General Hospital "Attikon", Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Greece, Athens, Greece
| | - Athanasios Raptis
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine-Propaedeutic and Diabetes Center, University General Hospital "Attikon", Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Greece, Athens, Greece
| | - Aristotelis Bamias
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine-Propaedeutic and Diabetes Center, University General Hospital "Attikon", Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Greece, Athens, Greece
| | - Sophia Kalantaridou
- Reproductive Endocrinology Unit, 3rd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University General Hospital "Attikon", Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Greece, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Valsamakis
- Reproductive Endocrinology Unit, 3rd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University General Hospital "Attikon", Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Greece, Athens, Greece
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20
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Impact of Physical Activity During Pregnancy on Gestational Hypertension. PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND HEALTH 2020. [DOI: 10.5334/paah.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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21
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Dipietro L, Evenson KR, Bloodgood B, Sprow K, Troiano RP, Piercy KL, Vaux-Bjerke A, Powell KE. Benefits of Physical Activity during Pregnancy and Postpartum: An Umbrella Review. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2019; 51:1292-1302. [PMID: 31095086 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000001941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to summarize the evidence from the 2018 Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee Scientific Report, including new evidence from an updated search of the effects of physical activity on maternal health during pregnancy and postpartum. METHODS An initial search was undertaken to identify systematic reviews and meta-analyses published between 2006 and 2016. An updated search then identified additional systematic reviews and meta-analyses published between January 2017 and February 2018. The searches were conducted in PubMed®, CINAHL, and Cochrane Library and supplemented through hand searches of reference lists of included articles and reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. RESULTS The original and updated searches yielded a total of 76 systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Strong evidence demonstrated that moderate-intensity physical activity reduced the risk of excessive gestational weight gain, gestational diabetes, and symptoms of postpartum depression. Limited evidence suggested an inverse relationship between physical activity and risk of preeclampsia, gestational hypertension, and antenatal anxiety and depressive symptomology. Insufficient evidence was available to determine the effect of physical activity on postpartum weight loss, postpartum anxiety, and affect during both pregnancy and postpartum. For all health outcomes, there was insufficient evidence to determine whether the relationships varied by age, race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, or prepregnancy weight status. CONCLUSIONS The gestational period is an opportunity to promote positive health behaviors that can have both short- and long-term benefits for the mother. Given the low prevalence of physical activity in young women in general, and the high prevalence of obesity and cardiometabolic diseases among the U.S. population, the public health importance of increasing physical activity in women of childbearing age before, during, and after pregnancy is substantial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loretta Dipietro
- Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Kelly R Evenson
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | | | - Kyle Sprow
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD
| | - Richard P Troiano
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD
| | - Katrina L Piercy
- Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD
| | - Alison Vaux-Bjerke
- Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD
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22
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Musial B, Fernandez‐Twinn DS, Duque‐Guimaraes D, Carr SK, Fowden AL, Ozanne SE, Sferruzzi‐Perri AN. Exercise alters the molecular pathways of insulin signaling and lipid handling in maternal tissues of obese pregnant mice. Physiol Rep 2019; 7:e14202. [PMID: 31466137 PMCID: PMC6715452 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity during gestation adversely affects maternal and infant health both during pregnancy and for long afterwards. However, recent work suggests that a period of maternal exercise during pregnancy can improve metabolic health of the obese mother and her offspring. This study aimed to identify the physiological and molecular impact of exercise on the obese mother during pregnancy that may lead to improved metabolic outcomes. To achieve this, a 20-min treadmill exercise intervention was performed 5 days a week in diet-induced obese female mice from 1 week before and up to day 17 of pregnancy. Biometric, biochemical and molecular analyses of maternal tissues and/or plasma were performed on day 19 of pregnancy. We found exercise prevented some of the adverse changes in insulin signaling and lipid metabolic pathways seen in the liver, skeletal muscle and white adipose tissue of sedentary-obese pregnant dams (p110β, p110α, AKT, SREBP). Exercise also induced changes in the insulin and lipid signaling pathways in obese dams that were different from those observed in control and sedentary-obese dams. The changes induced by obesity and exercise were tissue-specific and related to alterations in tissue lipid, protein and glycogen content and plasma insulin, leptin and triglyceride concentrations. We conclude that the beneficial effects of exercise on metabolic outcomes in obese mothers may be related to specific molecular signatures in metabolically active maternal tissues during pregnancy. These findings highlight potential metabolic targets for therapeutic intervention and the importance of lifestyle in reducing the burden of the current obesity epidemic on healthcare systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Musial
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and NeuroscienceUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Denise S. Fernandez‐Twinn
- MRC Metabolic Disease UnitUniversity of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust‐MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s HospitalCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Daniella Duque‐Guimaraes
- MRC Metabolic Disease UnitUniversity of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust‐MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s HospitalCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Sarah K. Carr
- MRC Metabolic Disease UnitUniversity of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust‐MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s HospitalCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Abigail L. Fowden
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and NeuroscienceUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Susan E. Ozanne
- MRC Metabolic Disease UnitUniversity of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust‐MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s HospitalCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Amanda N. Sferruzzi‐Perri
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and NeuroscienceUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
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Chatmethakul T, Roghair RD. Risk of hypertension following perinatal adversity: IUGR and prematurity. J Endocrinol 2019; 242:T21-T32. [PMID: 30657741 PMCID: PMC6594910 DOI: 10.1530/joe-18-0687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Consistent with the paradigm shifting observations of David Barker and colleagues that revealed a powerful relationship between decreased weight through 2 years of age and adult disease, intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and preterm birth are independent risk factors for the development of subsequent hypertension. Animal models have been indispensable in defining the mechanisms responsible for these associations and the potential targets for therapeutic intervention. Among the modifiable risk factors, micronutrient deficiency, physical immobility, exaggerated stress hormone exposure and deficient trophic hormone production are leading candidates for targeted therapies. With the strong inverse relationship seen between gestational age at delivery and the risk of hypertension in adulthood trumping all other major cardiovascular risk factors, improvements in neonatal care are required. Unfortunately, therapeutic breakthroughs have not kept pace with rapidly improving perinatal survival, and groundbreaking bench-to-bedside studies are urgently needed to mitigate and ultimately prevent the tsunami of prematurity-related adult cardiovascular disease that may be on the horizon. This review highlights our current understanding of the developmental origins of hypertension and draws attention to the importance of increasing the availability of lactation consultants, nutritionists, pharmacists and physical therapists as critical allies in the battle that IUGR or premature infants are waging not just for survival but also for their future cardiometabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trassanee Chatmethakul
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Robert D Roghair
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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Yau SY, Lee THY, Formolo DA, Lee WL, Li LCK, Siu PM, Chan CCH. Effects of Maternal Voluntary Wheel Running During Pregnancy on Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis, Temporal Order Memory, and Depression-Like Behavior in Adult Female and Male Offspring. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:470. [PMID: 31164801 PMCID: PMC6536667 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Research suggests that maternal exercise in pregnancy may have beneficial effects on the brain function of offspring. This study sought to determine if voluntary wheel running during pregnancy improves depression-like behavior, temporal order memory, and hippocampal neurogenesis in both female and male offspring mice. Pregnant mice were allowed to run voluntarily by introducing running wheels into the housing cages throughout the gestational period. Male and female mice offspring at the age of 8- to 9-week-old were then tested on the temporal order task and forced swim test, then euthanized for immunostaining for examining adult hippocampal cell proliferation and neuronal differentiation. Results showed that both male and female pups had reduced depression-like behavior, while only male offspring demonstrated improvement in temporal order memory. Immunostaining revealed that male offspring showed an increase in the number of immature neurons in the ventral hippocampus, whereas female offspring showed enhanced cell proliferation in the dorsal hippocampus. These findings indicate that maternal voluntary wheel running benefits both female and male offspring on reducing depression-like behavior, but with gender effect on promoting hippocampal cell proliferation, neuronal differentiation, and temporal order memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suk-Yu Yau
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,University Research Facility in Behavioral and Systems Neuroscience, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Thomas Ho-Yin Lee
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Douglas Affonso Formolo
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Wing-Lun Lee
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Leo Chun-Kit Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Parco M Siu
- Divison of Kinesiology, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Chetwyn C H Chan
- University Research Facility in Behavioral and Systems Neuroscience, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong.,Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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25
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Diet and physical activity in pregnancy and offspring's cardiovascular health: a systematic review. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2018; 10:286-298. [PMID: 30419991 DOI: 10.1017/s204017441800082x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence linking maternal diet and physical activity before and during pregnancy with offspring's cardiovascular health. Although many studies examined this association, the evidence has not been reviewed systematically. We therefore undertook a systematic review to synthesize evidence examining the association of maternal diet and physical activity before and during pregnancy with offspring's blood pressure and vascular health. We systematically searched the databases MEDLINE and EMBASE from inception to June 30, 2017. Eligibility screening, data extraction and quality assessment were performed by two independent reviewers. A total of 19 articles were included comprising three randomized controlled trials and 16 observational studies. Of the studies that examined the association of interest, 60% (three out of five studies) showed that high maternal carbohydrate intake was associated with higher offspring's blood pressure. Maternal protein intake during pregnancy was negatively associated with offspring carotid intima-media thickness in two out of two studies. No consistent findings for maternal fatty acid intake were found. There were too few studies to draw conclusions on energy intake, fibre intake, protein/carbohydrate ratio, specific foods, dietary patterns and maternal physical activity. Heterogeneity in exposure and outcome assessment hampered pooling. Also, owing to the observational nature of most studies, causality cannot be established. Harmonization of valid exposure and outcome measurements, and the development of core outcome sets are needed to enable more robust conclusions.
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26
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Liu J, Lee I, Feng HZ, Galen SS, Hüttemann PP, Perkins GA, Jin JP, Hüttemann M, Malek MH. Aerobic Exercise Preconception and During Pregnancy Enhances Oxidative Capacity in the Hindlimb Muscles of Mice Offspring. J Strength Cond Res 2018; 32:1391-1403. [PMID: 29309390 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000002416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Liu, J, Lee, I, Feng, H-Z, Galen, SS, Hüttemann, PP, Perkins, GA, Jin, J-P, Hüttemann, M, and Malek, MH. Aerobic exercise preconception and during pregnancy enhances oxidative capacity in the hindlimb muscles of mice offspring. J Strength Cond Res 32(5): 1391-1403, 2018-Little is known about the effect of maternal exercise on offspring skeletal muscle health. The purpose of this study, therefore, was to determine whether maternal exercise (preconception and during pregnancy) alters offspring skeletal muscle capillarity and mitochondrial biogenesis. We hypothesized that offspring from exercised dams would have higher capillarity and mitochondrial density in the hindlimb muscles compared with offspring from sedentary dams. Female mice in the exercise condition had access to a running wheel in their individual cage 30 days before mating and throughout pregnancy, whereas the sedentary group did not have access to the running wheel before mating and during pregnancy. Male offspring from both groups were killed when they were 2 months old, and their tissues were analyzed. The results indicated no significant (p > 0.05) mean differences for capillarity density, capillarity-to-fiber ratio, or regulators of angiogenesis such as VEGF-A and TSP-1. Compared with offspring from sedentary dams, however, offspring from exercised dams had an increase in protein expression of myosin heavy chain type I (MHC I) (∼134%; p = 0.009), but no change in MHC II. For mitochondrial morphology, we found significant (all p-values ≤ 0.0124) increases in mitochondrial volume density (∼55%) and length (∼18%) as well as mitochondria per unit area (∼19%). For mitochondrial enzymes, there were also significant (all p-values ≤ 0.0058) increases in basal citrate synthase (∼79%) and cytochrome c oxidase activity (∼67%) in the nonoxidative muscle fibers as well as increases in basal (ATP) (∼52%). Last, there were also significant mean differences in protein expression for regulators (FIS1, Lon protease, and TFAM) of mitochondrial biogenesis. These findings suggest that maternal exercise before and during pregnancy enhances offspring skeletal muscle mitochondria functionality, but not capillarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenney Liu
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Icksoo Lee
- College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan-si, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Zhong Feng
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Sujay S Galen
- Physical Therapy Program, Department of Health Care Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Philipp P Hüttemann
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Guy A Perkins
- National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - J-P Jin
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Maik Hüttemann
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Moh H Malek
- Physical Therapy Program, Department of Health Care Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan.,Integrative Physiology of Exercise Laboratory, Department of Health Care Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
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27
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Kintiraki E, Goulis DG. Gestational diabetes mellitus: Multi-disciplinary treatment approaches. Metabolism 2018; 86:91-101. [PMID: 29627447 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2018.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is the most common metabolic disease of pregnancy, associated with several perinatal complications. Adequate glycemic control has been proved to decrease risk of GDM-related complications. Several studies have shown the beneficial effect of exercise and medical nutrition treatment on glycemic and weight control in GDM-affected women. Moreover, pharmacological agents, such as insulin and specific oral anti-diabetic agents can be prescribed safely during pregnancy, decreasing maternal blood glucose and, thus, perinatal adverse outcomes. Multi-disciplinary treatment approaches that include both lifestyle modifications (medical nutritional therapy and daily physical exercise) and pharmacological treatment, in cases of failure of the former, constitute the most effective approach. Insulin is the gold standard pharmacological agent for GDM treatment. Metformin and glyburide are two oral anti-diabetic agents that could serve as alternative, although not equal in terms of effectiveness and safety, treatment for GDM. As studies on short-term safety of metformin are reassuring, in some countries it is considered as first-line treatment for GDM management. More studies are needed to investigate the long-term effects on offspring. As safety issues have been raised on the use of glyburide during pregnancy, it must be used only when benefits surpass possible risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelia Kintiraki
- Unit of Reproductive Endocrinology, First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Dimitrios G Goulis
- Unit of Reproductive Endocrinology, First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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28
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Guillemette L, Hay JL, Kehler DS, Hamm NC, Oldfield C, McGavock JM, Duhamel TA. Exercise in Pregnancy and Children's Cardiometabolic Risk Factors: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. SPORTS MEDICINE - OPEN 2018; 4:35. [PMID: 30069801 PMCID: PMC6070449 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-018-0148-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal metabolic health during the prenatal period is an established determinant of cardiometabolic disease risk. Many studies have focused on poor offspring outcomes after exposure to poor maternal health, while few have systematically appraised the evidence surrounding the role of maternal exercise in decreasing this risk. The aim of this study is to characterize and quantify the specific impact of prenatal exercise on children's cardiometabolic health markers, at birth and in childhood. METHODS A systematic review of Scopus, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL, CINAHL, and SPORTDiscus up to December 2017 was conducted. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and prospective cohort studies of prenatal aerobic exercise and/or resistance training reporting eligible offspring outcomes were included. Four reviewers independently identified eligible citations and extracted study-level data. The primary outcome was birth weight; secondary outcomes, specified a priori, included large-for-gestational age status, fat and lean mass, dyslipidemia, dysglycemia, and blood pressure. We included 73 of the 9804 citations initially identified. Data from RCTs was pooled using random effects models. Statistical heterogeneity was quantified using the I2 test. Analyses were done between June and December 2017 and the search was updated in December 2017. RESULTS Fifteen observational studies (n = 290,951 children) and 39 RCTs (n = 6875 children) were included. Observational studies were highly heterogeneous and had discrepant conclusions, but globally showed no clinically relevant effect of exercise on offspring outcomes. Meta-analyzed RCTs indicated that prenatal exercise did not significantly impact birth weight (mean difference [MD] - 22.1 g, 95% confidence interval [CI] - 51.5 to 7.3 g, n = 6766) or large-for-gestational age status (risk ratio 0.85, 95% CI 0.51 to 1.44, n = 937) compared to no exercise. Sub-group analyses showed that prenatal exercise reduced birth weight according to timing (starting after 20 weeks of gestation, MD - 84.3 g, 95% CI - 142.2, - 26.4 g, n = 1124), type of exercise (aerobic only, MD - 58.7 g, 95% CI - 109.7, - 7.8 g; n = 2058), pre-pregnancy activity status (previously inactive, MD - 34.8 g, 95% CI - 69.0, - 0.5 g; n = 2829), and exercise intensity (light to moderate intensity only, MD - 45.5 g, 95% CI - 82.4, - 8.6 g; n = 2651). Fat mass percentage at birth was not altered by prenatal exercise (0.19%, 95% CI - 0.27, 0.65%; n = 130); however, only two studies reported this outcome. Other outcomes were too scarcely reported to be meta-analyzed. CONCLUSIONS Prenatal exercise does not causally impact birth weight, fat mass, or large-for-gestational-age status in a clinically relevant way. Longer follow up of offspring exposed to prenatal exercise is needed along with measures of relevant metabolic variables (e.g., fat and lean mass). PROTOCOL REGISTRATION Protocol registration number: CRD42015029163 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Laetitia Guillemette
- Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, John Buhler Research Center, University of Manitoba, 511-715 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4 Canada
- Health, Leisure & Human Performance Research Institute, Faculty of Kinesiology & Recreation Management, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB Canada
| | - Jacqueline L. Hay
- Health, Leisure & Human Performance Research Institute, Faculty of Kinesiology & Recreation Management, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB Canada
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB Canada
| | - D. Scott Kehler
- Health, Leisure & Human Performance Research Institute, Faculty of Kinesiology & Recreation Management, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB Canada
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB Canada
| | - Naomi C. Hamm
- Health, Leisure & Human Performance Research Institute, Faculty of Kinesiology & Recreation Management, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB Canada
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB Canada
| | - Christopher Oldfield
- Health, Leisure & Human Performance Research Institute, Faculty of Kinesiology & Recreation Management, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB Canada
| | - Jonathan M. McGavock
- Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, John Buhler Research Center, University of Manitoba, 511-715 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4 Canada
| | - Todd A. Duhamel
- Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, John Buhler Research Center, University of Manitoba, 511-715 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4 Canada
- Health, Leisure & Human Performance Research Institute, Faculty of Kinesiology & Recreation Management, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB Canada
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB Canada
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Gobinath AR, Wong S, Chow C, Lieblich SE, Barr AM, Galea LAM. Maternal exercise increases but concurrent maternal fluoxetine prevents the increase in hippocampal neurogenesis of adult offspring. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2018; 91:186-197. [PMID: 29579632 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 01/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Treating postpartum depression (PPD) with pharmacological antidepressants like fluoxetine (FLX) is complicated because these drugs can remain active in breast milk and potentially affect infant development. Alternatively, non-pharmacological treatments such as exercise are associated with beneficial effects on infant development but its potential ability to counter the effects of PPD are largely unknown. To investigate this, we treated dams with corticosterone (CORT) or vehicle (sesame oil) from postpartum days 2-25 to model PPD. Within oil and CORT treatments, dams were also assigned to one of these treatments: 1) exercise (voluntary running wheel) + FLX (10 mg/kg, i.p.), 2) exercise + saline (vehicle for FLX), 3) no exercise + FLX, 4) no exercise + saline. Both male and female offspring were analyzed, and this generated a total of 16 experimental groups for this study. Adult male and female offspring (125 d old) of these dams were tested for anxiety-like behavior in the novelty suppressed feeding test and stress reactivity in the dexamethasone suppression test. Hippocampal tissue was processed for doublecortin, a protein expressed in immature neurons. Regardless of sex, maternal exercise increased neurogenesis in the dorsal hippocampus of adult offspring, but concurrent exposure to maternal fluoxetine prevented this effect. Exposure to either maternal exercise or maternal FLX facilitated HPA negative feedback in adult males but not females. Maternal postpartum CORT also facilitated HPA feedback in adult offspring of both sexes. Collectively, these data indicate that maternal exercise increased dorsal hippocampal neurogenesis in both sexes but differentially affected offspring HPA axis based on sex. Alternatively, maternal postpartum FLX facilitated HPA axis negative feedback only in males. These findings indicate that different types of maternal interventions bear long-term effects on offspring outcome with implications for treating PPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarthi R Gobinath
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sarah Wong
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - Carmen Chow
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Alasdair M Barr
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of British Columbia, Canada; Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology, and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Canada; Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - Liisa A M Galea
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of British Columbia, Canada; Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Canada; Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Canada.
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Krout D, Roemmich JN, Bundy A, Garcia RA, Yan L, Claycombe-Larson KJ. Paternal exercise protects mouse offspring from high-fat-diet-induced type 2 diabetes risk by increasing skeletal muscle insulin signaling. J Nutr Biochem 2018; 57:35-44. [PMID: 29669306 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2018.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Paternal obesity increases, while paternal exercise decreases, offspring obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk; however, no studies have determined whether a paternal high-fat (HF) diet and exercise interact to alter offspring body weight (BW), adiposity and T2D risk. Three-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were fed a normal-fat (NF) diet (16% fat) or an HF diet (45% fat) and assigned to either voluntary wheel running exercise or cage activity for 3 months prior to mating with NF-diet-fed dams. After weaning, male offspring were fed an NF or HF diet for an additional 3 months. F1 male mice whose fathers ate an HF diet had decreased % body fat accompanied by decreased gene expression of beige adipocyte marker FGF21. However, paternal HF-diet-induced reductions in F1 offspring % body fat normalized but did not reduce T2D risk. Exercise was protective against paternal HF-diet-induced insulin resistance by increasing the expression of insulin signaling (GLUT4, IRS1 and PI3K) markers in skeletal muscle resulting in normal T2D risk. When fathers were fed an HF diet and exercised, a postnatal HF diet increased beiging (PPARγ). Thus, these findings show that increases in T2D risk in male offspring when the father consumes an HF diet can be normalized when the father also exercises preconception and that this protection may occur by increases in insulin signaling potential within offspring skeletal muscle. Future studies should further determine the physiological mechanism(s) underlying the beneficial effects of exercise through the paternal lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Krout
- U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND 58203, USA
| | - James N Roemmich
- U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND 58203, USA
| | - Amy Bundy
- U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND 58203, USA
| | - Rolando A Garcia
- U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND 58203, USA
| | - Lin Yan
- U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND 58203, USA
| | - Kate J Claycombe-Larson
- U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND 58203, USA.
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31
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Preston JD, Reynolds LJ, Pearson KJ. Developmental Origins of Health Span and Life Span: A Mini-Review. Gerontology 2018; 64:237-245. [PMID: 29324453 DOI: 10.1159/000485506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A vast body of research has demonstrated that disease susceptibility and offspring health can be influenced by perinatal factors, which include both paternal and maternal behavior and environment. Offspring disease risk has the potential to affect the health span and life span of offspring. KEY FINDINGS Various maternal factors, such as environmental toxicant exposure, diet, stress, exercise, age at conception, and longevity have the potential to influence age-associated diseases such as cardiovascular disease, obesity, diabetes, and cancer risk in offspring. Paternal factors such as diet, age at conception, and longevity can potentially impact offspring health span and life span-reducing traits as well. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS Continued research could go a long way toward defining mechanisms of the developmental origins of life span and health span, and eventually establishing regimens to avoid negative developmental influences and to encourage positive interventions to potentially increase life span and improve health span in offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D Preston
- Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
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Abstract
Physicians should discuss decreasing sedentary time and behavior with their pregnant patients to assist sedentary women to become more active using light activities. Medical screening before engaging or continuing in a moderate aerobic exercise program is vital to ensure a low-risk pregnancy. The FITT principle is important to use in prescription that suggests: Frequency (3 to 4 times per week), Intensity (appropriate target heart rate zone, rating of perceived exertion scale, or the talk test), Time (start at 15 min progressing to 30 min), and Type (moving large muscles groups such as walking, swimming, and cycling) of physical activity.
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Schmidt T, Heilmann T, Savelsberg L, Maass N, Weisser B, Eckmann-Scholz C. Physical Exercise During Pregnancy - How Active Are Pregnant Women in Germany and How Well Informed? Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2017; 77:508-515. [PMID: 28579622 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-107785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is sufficient evidence showing the positive effects of physical exercise on various aspects of pregnancy. This study evaluates knowledge and status of physical exercise among pregnant women. METHODS The standardised paper-pencil questionnaire "Pregnancy Physical Activity Questionnaire" (PPAQ) as well as general demographic questions were used to assess the exercise behaviour of study participants. 83 questionnaires completed by women presenting to the Kiel University Hospital for antenatal assessment were included in the analysis. RESULTS At the time of questionnaire completion 10 women were in the first trimester of pregnancy, 64 in the second, and 9 in the third. Just less than 90% of participants felt they had been informed "sufficiently" on the topic physical exercise during pregnancy, over 50% felt they were "well" or "very well" informed. Just less than half of participants received their information from a doctor (either their gynaecologist or general practitioner) and none of these felt "insufficiently" informed. Almost 80% of participants reported still doing no sport or less exercise than before falling pregnant. The maximum proportional energy expenditure for recreational activity - just under 20% - was in the third trimester. Women who felt they had been well counselled tended to have higher activity levels. CONCLUSION Study participants demonstrated a clear decline in physical exercise during pregnancy despite clear evidence of the benefits of regular exercise for pregnant women, and despite participants feeling they were well informed. Detailed information on the recommendations for physical exertion in pregnancy should form an integral part of antenatal counselling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten Schmidt
- Supportivangebote Sport- und Bewegungstherapie Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel
| | - Thorsten Heilmann
- Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, Klinik für Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe, Kiel
| | - Luisa Savelsberg
- Institut für Sportwissenschaft, Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, Kiel
| | - Nicolai Maass
- Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, Klinik für Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe, Kiel
| | - Burkhard Weisser
- Institut für Sportwissenschaft, Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, Kiel
| | - Christel Eckmann-Scholz
- Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, Klinik für Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe, Kiel
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Gaeini A, Baghaban Eslaminejad M, Choobineh S, Mousavi N, Satarifard S, Shafieineek L. Effects of exercise prior or during pregnancy in high fat diet fed mice alter bone gene expression of female offspring: An experimental study. Int J Reprod Biomed 2017. [DOI: 10.29252/ijrm.15.2.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
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Gaeini A, Baghaban Eslaminejad M, Choobineh S, Mousavi N, Satarifard S, Shafieineek L. Effects of exercise prior or during pregnancy in high fat diet fed mice alter bone gene expression of female offspring: An experimental study. Int J Reprod Biomed 2017; 15:93-100. [PMID: 28462401 PMCID: PMC5405222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Based on different studies it was shown that exercise training is an important factor in preconception and prenatal care. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine whether regular preconception exercise training with or without exercise training during pregnancy decreases detrimental effects of maternal high fat diet on female offspring bone health. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-four C57BL/6 female mice were fed high-fat diet (35%) and were randomly divided into four groups: trained in preconception period and exercised during pregnancy (TE); trained in preconception periods but unexercised during pregnancy (TC); untrained in preconception periods but exercised during pregnancy (CE); untrained and unexercised (CC). Trained mice were subjected to a protocol of moderate endurance exercise training over a period of 4 weeks before pregnancy. TE and CE Dams groups had access to wheels throughout pregnancy until delivery. Analyses were performed on the female offspring that did not have access to running wheels or exercise training during any portion of their lives. The relative expression levels of β-catenin, Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ƴ (PPARƴ), osteoprotegerin (OPG), and Receptor activator of nuclear factor NF-kB ligand (RANKL) were determined by Quantitative RT-PCR (qPCR). RESULTS Exercise during pregnancy in isolation had no effect on any measure genes but exercise both before and during pregnancy affected all genes. Exercise only before pregnancy increased β-catenin and OPG and decreased PPARƴ, RANKL, and RANKL/OPG ratio (p<0.001). CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that maternal exercise training before and during pregnancy may modulate the risk of bone disorders in offspring of mothers fed a high-fat diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbasali Gaeini
- Department of Sport Physiology, School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohamadreza Baghaban Eslaminejad
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Siroos Choobineh
- Department of Sport Physiology, School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda Mousavi
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.
| | - Sadegh Satarifard
- Department of Sport Physiology, School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Shafieineek
- Department of Sport Physiology, School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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Coll CDVN, Domingues MR, Hallal PC, da Silva ICM, Bassani DG, Matijasevich A, Barros A, Santos IS, Bertoldi AD. Changes in leisure-time physical activity among Brazilian pregnant women: comparison between two birth cohort studies (2004 - 2015). BMC Public Health 2017; 17:119. [PMID: 28122524 PMCID: PMC5267459 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-017-4036-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low levels of leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) during pregnancy have been shown in studies conducted worldwide. Surveillance is extremely important to monitor the progress of physical activity patterns over time and set goals for effective interventions to decrease inactivity among pregnant women. The aim of this study was to evaluate time changes in LTPA among Brazilian pregnant women in an 11-year period (2004-2015) by comparing data from two birth cohort studies. METHODS Two population-based birth cohort studies were carried out in the city of Pelotas, southern Brazil, in 2004 and 2015. A total of 4244 and 4271 mothers were interviewed after delivery. Weekly frequency and duration of each session of LTPA in a typical week were reported for the pre-pregnancy period and for each trimester of pregnancy. Trends in both recommended LTPA (≥150 min/week) and any LTPA (regardless of weekly amount) were analysed overtime. Changes were also calculated separately for subgroups of maternal age, schooling, family income, parity, pre-pregnancy body mass index and pre-pregnancy LTPA. RESULTS The proportion of women engaged in recommended levels of LTPA pre-pregnancy increased from 11.2% (95%CI 10.0-12.2) in 2004 to 15.8% (95%CI 14.6-16.9) in 2015. During pregnancy, no changes were observed over the period for the first (10.6 to 10.9%) and second (8.7 to 7.9%) trimesters, whereas there was a decrease from 3.4% (95%CI 2.9-4.0) to 2.4% (95%CI 1.9-2.8) in the last trimester. Major decreases in LTPA in the last trimester were observed among women who were younger, with intermediate to high income, high schooling, primiparous, pre-pregnancy obese and, engaged in LTPA before pregnancy. Changes in any LTPA practice followed the same patterns described for recommended LTPA. CONCLUSIONS Despite the increase in the proportion of women engaged in LTPA before pregnancy between 2004 and 2005, LTPA levels remained stable during the first and second trimesters of pregnancy and declined during the third gestational trimester over the period. Interventions to encourage the maintenance of LTPA practice throughout pregnancy are urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Pedro Curi Hallal
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Inácio Crochemore Mohnsam da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
- International Center for Equity in Health, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Diego Garcia Bassani
- Centre for Global Child Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Paediatrics and Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Alicia Matijasevich
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aluísio Barros
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Iná S. Santos
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
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Jay PY, Akhirome E, Magnan RA, Zhang MR, Kang L, Qin Y, Ugwu N, Regmi SD, Nogee JM, Cheverud JM. Transgenerational cardiology: One way to a baby's heart is through the mother. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2016; 435:94-102. [PMID: 27555292 PMCID: PMC5014674 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Despite decades of progress, congenital heart disease remains a major cause of mortality and suffering in children and young adults. Prevention would be ideal, but formidable biological and technical hurdles face any intervention that seeks to target the main causes, genetic mutations in the embryo. Other factors, however, significantly modify the total risk in individuals who carry mutations. Investigation of these factors could lead to an alternative approach to prevention. To define the risk modifiers, our group has taken an "experimental epidemiologic" approach via inbred mouse strain crosses. The original intent was to map genes that modify an individual's risk of heart defects caused by an Nkx2-5 mutation. During the analysis of >2000 Nkx2-5(+/-) offspring from one cross we serendipitously discovered a maternal-age associated risk, which also exists in humans. Reciprocal ovarian transplants between young and old mothers indicate that the incidence of heart defects correlates with the age of the mother and not the oocyte, which implicates a maternal pathway as the basis of the risk. The quantitative risk varies between strain backgrounds, so maternal genetic polymorphisms determine the activity of a factor or factors in the pathway. Most strikingly, voluntary exercise by the mother mitigates the risk. Therefore, congenital heart disease can in principle be prevented by targeting a maternal pathway even if the embryo carries a causative mutation. Further mechanistic insight is necessary to develop an intervention that could be implemented on a broad scale, but the physiology of maternal-fetal interactions, aging, and exercise are notoriously complex and undefined. This suggests that an unbiased genetic approach would most efficiently lead to the relevant pathway. A genetic foundation would lay the groundwork for human studies and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Y Jay
- Departments of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, Box 8208, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA; Departments of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, Box 8208, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
| | - Ehiole Akhirome
- Departments of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, Box 8208, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Rachel A Magnan
- Departments of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, Box 8208, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - M Rebecca Zhang
- Departments of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, Box 8208, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Lillian Kang
- Departments of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, Box 8208, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Yidan Qin
- Departments of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, Box 8208, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Nelson Ugwu
- Departments of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, Box 8208, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Suk Dev Regmi
- Departments of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, Box 8208, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Julie M Nogee
- Departments of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, Box 8208, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - James M Cheverud
- Department of Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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Abstract
Abundant evidence exists linking maternal and paternal environments from pericopconception through the postnatal period to later risk to offspring diseases. This concept was first articulated by the late Sir David Barker and as such coined the Barker Hypothesis. The term was then mutated to Fetal Origins of Adult Disease and finally broadened to developmental origins of adult health and disease (DOHaD) in recognition that the perinatal environment can shape both health and disease in resulting offspring. Developmental exposure to various factors, including stress, obesity, caloric-rich diets and environmental chemicals can lead to detrimental offspring health outcomes. However, less attention has been paid to date on measures that parents can take to promote the long-term health of their offspring. In essence, have we neglected to consider the ‘H’ in DOHaD? It is the ‘H’ component that should be of primary concern to expecting mothers and fathers and those seeking to have children. While it may not be possible to eliminate exposure to all pernicious factors, prevention/remediation strategies may tip the scale to health rather than disease. By understanding disruptive DOHaD mechanisms, it may also illuminate behavioral modifications that parents can adapt before fertilization and throughout the neonatal period to promote the lifelong health of their male and female offspring. Three possibilities will be explored in the current review: parental exercise, probiotic supplementation and breastfeeding in the case of mothers. The ‘H’ paradigm should be the focus going forward as a healthy start can indeed last a lifetime.
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