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Gaia JWP, Schuch FB, Ferreira RW, Souza EDL, Ferreira VMS, Pires DA. Effects of high-intensity interval training on depressive and anxiety symptoms in healthy individuals: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2024; 34:e14618. [PMID: 38566446 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Although evidence regarding the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on mental health has increased in recent years, there is still no consensus regarding the effects of HIIT on the symptoms of depression and anxiety in a healthy population. Therefore, this systematic review aimed to investigate the effects of HIIT on depressive and/or anxiety symptoms in healthy individuals. The following four databases were searched: PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and PsycINFO. Only randomized clinical trials (RCTs) were included. We performed a random-effects meta-analysis based on standardized mean difference (SMD). The risk of bias was assessed using the RoB 2.0 tool, and the certainty of the evidence was evaluated based on recommendations GRADE. Eight RCTs evaluating 471 participants (81% female) were considered eligible for inclusion. The results of the meta-analysis showed that HIIT-based interventions had no significant effect on reducing anxiety (SMD = -0.17; 95% CI: -0.53, 0.19; p = 0.27) and depressive symptoms (SMD = -0.38; 95% CI: -1.06, 0.30; p = 0.17) compared with the passive control group. In conclusion, HIIT does not improve symptoms of depression and anxiety in healthy individuals. This finding is based on evidence of very low certainty. Therefore, the evidence is still not consistent enough to support HIIT as a viable strategy to reduce both outcomes because of the limited number of included studies and the overall quality of evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhonatan Wélington Pereira Gaia
- Graduate Program in Human Movement Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Castanhal, Pará, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Felipe Barreto Schuch
- Department of Sports Methods and Techniques, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
- Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Providência, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Weyll Ferreira
- Graduate Program in Human Movement Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Castanhal, Pará, Brazil
| | - Edielen de Lima Souza
- Graduate Program in Human Movement Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Castanhal, Pará, Brazil
| | | | - Daniel Alvarez Pires
- Graduate Program in Human Movement Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Castanhal, Pará, Brazil
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Oliveira GTA, Costa EC, Santos TM, Bezerra RA, Lemos TMAM, Mortatti AL, Elsangedy HM. Effect of High-Intensity Interval, Moderate-Intensity Continuous, and Self-Selected Intensity Training on Health and Affective Responses. RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT 2024; 95:31-46. [PMID: 36638528 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2022.2141674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: To compare the effects of 12-week high-intensity interval (HIIT), moderate-intensity continuous (MICT), and self-selected intensity training (SSIT) on health outcomes and affective responses. Methods: Seventy-three overweight/obese inactive adults (62% woman; age, 31.4 ± 7.2 years; height, 1.66 ± 0.09 cm; Body mass index, 28.9 ± 2.7 kg.m-2) who were randomized into HIIT (n = 23), MICT (n = 24) and SSIT (n = 26) groups. The training was conducted three times per week in an outdoor environment, with 4 weeks under direct supervision and 8 weeks with semi-supervision. Cardiorespiratory fitness, body composition, and metabolic profile were evaluated at baseline and at the end of the 4th and 12th weeks. Core affect was measured during all training sessions. Results: Peak oxygen uptake improved in all groups after 4 and 12 weeks compared with baseline. Only the SSIT had reductions in body fat throughout the intervention. No improvements were observed in the metabolic profile across all groups. SSIT was perceived as more pleasurable than HIIT; however, there were no differences in affective responses between SSIT and MICT. Affective responses in-task (e.g. negative and positive peak, rate of change and affect at the end of the exercise session) predicted the HIIT and SSIT exercises attendance rate. Conclusion: Regardless of the exercise training protocol, overweight/obese inactive adults improved health outcomes, which suggests the prescribing HIIT, MICT, and SSIT in outdoor environments. SSIT should be considered in order to optimize the pleasure during training sessions. Affective response more positive in-task of the HIIT and SSIT is associated with greater attendance rate in these exercise protocols.
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Cao M, Yang B, Tang Y, Wang C, Yin L. Effects of low-volume functional and running high-intensity interval training on physical fitness in young adults with overweight/obesity. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1325403. [PMID: 38357496 PMCID: PMC10864534 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1325403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives: This study examined and compared the effects of functional and running high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness, and muscular fitness of young adults with overweight or obesity. Methods: Forty-five participants (22.1 ± 2.1 years, BMI = 25.2 ± 1.0 kg/m2) were assigned to functional HIIT (HIIT-F; n = 15), running HIIT (HIIT-R; n = 15), or non-training control group (CON; n = 15). Participants in HIIT-F and HIIT-R performed functional exercise based-HIIT (four sets of all-out whole-body exercises including jumping jacks, squats, twist jumps and mountain climbers, et al.) and running HIIT (four sets of running on a treadmill) for 12 weeks, respectively. Body composition, muscular fitness, and cardiorespiratory fitness were assessed pre and post intervention. Results: Both HIIT-F and HIIT-R significantly improved the body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness, with HIIT-F induced greater improvements in lean mass (+1.623 vs. -1.034 kg, p < 0.001), back strength (+6.007 vs. +3.333 kg, p < 0.01), and push-ups (+5.692 vs. 1.923 reps, p < 0.001) than that in HIIT-R. HIIT-R reduced more visceral fat area (VFA) (-11.416 vs. -4.338 cm2, p = 0.052) and induced similar improvement in cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2max, +2.192 vs. +2.885 mL/kg/min, p = 0.792) with HIIT-F. Conclusion: Twelve weeks of HIIT-R or HIIT-F improved physical fitness among young adults with overweight or obesity. Despite the similar impact on cardiorespiratory fitness, HIIT-F generates a better positive effect on muscular fitness relative to HIIT-R, which could be partly explained by the greater increase in lean mass after HIIT-F intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Cao
- Sports College, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Baiquan Yang
- Sports College, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yucheng Tang
- Sports College, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chun Wang
- School of Humanities and Social Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lijun Yin
- Sports College, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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Santos A, Braaten K, MacPherson M, Vasconcellos D, Vis-Dunbar M, Lonsdale C, Lubans D, Jung ME. Rates of compliance and adherence to high-intensity interval training: a systematic review and Meta-analyses. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2023; 20:134. [PMID: 37990239 PMCID: PMC10664287 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-023-01535-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To determine rates of compliance (i.e., supervised intervention attendance) and adherence (i.e., unsupervised physical activity completion) to high-intensity interval training (HIIT) among insufficiently active adults and adults with a medical condition, and determine whether compliance and adherence rates were different between HIIT and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT). METHODS Articles on adults in a HIIT intervention and who were either insufficiently active or had a medical condition were included. MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsychINFO, SPORTDiscus, CINAHL, and Web of Science were searched. Article screening and data extraction were completed by two independent reviewers. Risk of bias was assessed using RoB 2.0 or ROBINS-I. Meta-analyses were conducted to discern differences in compliance and adherence between HIIT vs. MICT. Sensitivity analyses, publication bias, sub-group analyses, and quality appraisal were conducted for each meta-analysis. RESULTS One hundred eighty-eight unique studies were included (n = 8928 participants). Compliance to HIIT interventions averaged 89.4% (SD:11.8%), while adherence to HIIT averaged 63% (SD: 21.1%). Compliance and adherence to MICT averaged 92.5% (SD:10.6%) and 68.2% (SD:16.2%), respectively. Based on 65 studies included in the meta-analysis, compliance rates were not different between supervised HIIT and MICT interventions [Hedge's g = 0.015 (95%CI: - 0.088-0.118), p = .78]. Results were robust and low risk of publication bias was detected. No differences were detected based on sub-group analyses comparing medical conditions or risk of bias of studies. Quality of the evidence was rated as moderate over concerns in the directness of the evidence. Based on 10 studies, adherence rates were not different between unsupervised HIIT and MICT interventions [Hedge's g = - 0.313 (95%CI: - 0.681-0.056), p = .096]. Sub-group analysis points to differences in adherence rates dependent on the method of outcome measurement. Adherence results should be interpreted with caution due to very low quality of evidence. CONCLUSIONS Compliance to HIIT and MICT was high among insufficiently active adults and adults with a medical condition. Adherence to HIIT and MICT was relatively moderate, although there was high heterogeneity and very low quality of evidence. Further research should take into consideration exercise protocols employed, methods of outcome measurement, and measurement timepoints. REGISTRATION This review was registered in the PROSPERO database and given the identifier CRD42019103313.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Santos
- Faculty of Health and Social Development, University of British Columbia - Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kyra Braaten
- Faculty of Health and Social Development, University of British Columbia - Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Megan MacPherson
- Faculty of Health and Social Development, University of British Columbia - Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Diego Vasconcellos
- Institute for Positive Psychology & Education, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mathew Vis-Dunbar
- Library, University of British Columbia - Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Chris Lonsdale
- Institute for Positive Psychology & Education, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David Lubans
- School of Education, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, 2305, Australia
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Mary E Jung
- Faculty of Health and Social Development, University of British Columbia - Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada.
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Keating SE, Croci I, Wallen MP, Cox ER, Coombes JS, Burton NW, Macdonald GA, Hickman IJ. High-intensity Interval Training for the Management of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis: Participant Experiences and Perspectives. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2023; 11:1050-1060. [PMID: 37577222 PMCID: PMC10412696 DOI: 10.14218/jcth.2022.00091s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is a therapeutic option for people with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). However, the perspectives and experiences of HIIT for people with NASH are unknown, limiting translation of research. We explored the experiences and perspectives of both professionally supervised and self-directed HIIT in people with NASH and evaluated participant-reported knowledge, barriers, and enablers to commencing and sustaining HIIT. Methods Twelve participants with NASH underwent 12 weeks of supervised HIIT (3 days/week, 4×4 minutes at 85-95% maximal heart rate, interspersed with 3 minutes active recovery), followed by 12-weeks of self-directed (unsupervised) HIIT. One-on-one, semistructured participant interviews were conducted by exercise staff prior to HIIT and following both supervised and self-directed HIIT to explore prior knowledge, barriers, enablers, and outcomes at each stage. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, coded, and thematically analyzed by two independent researchers. Results Four dominant themes were identified: (1) no awareness of/experience with HIIT and ambivalence about exercise capabilities; (2) multiple medical and social barriers to commencing and continuing HIIT; (3) exercise specialist support was a highly valued enabler, and (4) HIIT was enjoyed and provided holistic benefits. Conclusions People with NASH may lack knowledge of and confidence for HIIT, and experience multiple complex barriers to commencing and continuing HIIT. Exercise specialist support is a key enabler to sustained engagement. These factors need to be addressed in future clinical programs to augment the uptake and long-term sustainability of HIIT by people with NASH so they can experience the range of related benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelley E. Keating
- Centre for Research on Exercise, Physical Activity and Health, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Ilaria Croci
- Centre for Research on Exercise, Physical Activity and Health, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- K.G. Jebsen Center of Exercise in Medicine Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Matthew P. Wallen
- Caring Futures Institute, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, Federation University, Mount Helen, Australia
| | - Emily R. Cox
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, Australia
| | - Jeff S. Coombes
- Centre for Research on Exercise, Physical Activity and Health, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Nicola W. Burton
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Mt Gravatt, Australia
- Menzies Health Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
- Centre for Mental Health, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Graeme A. Macdonald
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Ingrid J. Hickman
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
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Fazeli PL, Willig AL, Oliveira V, Buford TW, Vance DE, Burkholder G, Crane HM, Horvat Davey C, Fleming J, Webel AR. The Association Between Objectively-Measured Physical Activity and Cognitive Functioning in Middle-Aged and Older People Living with HIV. AIDS Behav 2023; 27:1199-1210. [PMID: 36163604 PMCID: PMC10129017 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-022-03857-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Middle-aged and older people living with HIV (PWH) are at higher risk for cognitive impairment and engage in lower levels of physical activity (PA) than seronegative counterparts. Research examining the association between objectively-measured PA and cognitive function in this population is scarce. This cross-sectional study examined the association between accelerometry-measured PA and cognitive functioning among 75 PWH (mean age 55.63). Light PA was the PA variable with the most consistent associations with cognition, with more minutes per week of light PA (performed in bouts of ≥ 10 min) being associated with better executive function, working memory/attention, and speed of processing performance, adjusted for age and current CD4 count. Findings suggest that although middle-aged and older PWH engage in more light than moderate-to-vigorous PA, light PA may be beneficial to cognition. Longitudinal studies are needed to understand PA dose-response associations with cognitive trajectories, cognitive domain specificity of PA effects, and underlying neural mechanisms of PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pariya L Fazeli
- School of Nursing, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA.
- Department of Family, Community, and Health Systems, UAB School of Nursing, NB 470C, 1720 2nd Avenue South, Birmingham, AL, 35294-1210, USA.
| | - Amanda L Willig
- School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - Vitor Oliveira
- School of Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Thomas W Buford
- School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - David E Vance
- School of Nursing, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - Greer Burkholder
- School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - Heidi M Crane
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
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Li C, Dong X, Yu L, Yuan K, Yi X, Shen Y, Niu H. The effects of qigong intervention based on the Internet on quality of life and physical fitness in Chinese postoperative breast cancer patients: a protocol of randomized controlled trial. Trials 2023; 24:186. [PMID: 36915187 PMCID: PMC10010003 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-023-07187-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study is to verify the improvement of remote qigong intervention on the quality of life and physical fitness of breast cancer patients after surgery by means of a randomized controlled trial and to compare it with the conventional exercise combination of aerobic exercise and resistance training. METHODS/DESIGN The research approach applied in this study is a randomized controlled trial. After completing the baseline questionnaire and physical fitness test, participants were randomly assigned to either the qigong group or the combined exercise rehabilitation group. Patients in the qigong group performed Qigong-Baduanjin twice a week for 30 min each time under remote guidance and practiced Baduanjin by themselves at other times. Patients in the combined exercise rehabilitation group were given resistance training twice a week for 30 min under remote guidance, and walking the rest of the time. At the end of the 12-week intervention, outcomes testing and data collection were carried out. The primary outcomes are quality of life, measured using the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36), and the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Breast (FATC-B). The secondary outcomes include cardiopulmonary endurance, upper limb strength, lower limb strength, and skinfold thickness. DISCUSSION The importance of postoperative exercise rehabilitation for breast cancer has been gradually accepted by more and more doctors and patients, but further research and development of simple and practical means of exercise rehabilitation are necessary. Remote qigong intervention for breast cancer patients via the Internet will be a great alternative. TRIAL REGISTRATION Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR1900027989. Registered on December 7, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengxiang Li
- College of Physical Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Xiaosheng Dong
- College of Physical Education, Shandong University, Jinan, 250011, China
| | - Lina Yu
- College of Physical Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Kai Yuan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250011, China
| | - Xiangren Yi
- College of Physical Education, Shandong University, Jinan, 250011, China
| | - Yuanlong Shen
- College of Physical Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Hu Niu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.
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Bannell DJ, France-Ratcliffe M, Buckley BJR, Crozier A, Davies AP, Hesketh KL, Jones H, Cocks M, Sprung VS. Adherence to unsupervised exercise in sedentary individuals: A randomised feasibility trial of two mobile health interventions. Digit Health 2023; 9:20552076231183552. [PMID: 37426588 PMCID: PMC10328121 DOI: 10.1177/20552076231183552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Adherence to unsupervised exercise is poor, yet unsupervised exercise interventions are utilised in most healthcare settings. Thus, investigating novel ways to enhance adherence to unsupervised exercise is essential. This study aimed to examine the feasibility of two mobile health (mHealth) technology-supported exercise and physical activity (PA) interventions to increase adherence to unsupervised exercise. Methods Eighty-six participants were randomised to online resources (n = 44, females n = 29) or MOTIVATE (n = 42, females n = 28). The online resources group had access to booklets and videos to assist in performing a progressive exercise programme. MOTIVATE participants received exercise counselling sessions supported via mHealth biometrics which allowed instant participant feedback on exercise intensity, and communication with an exercise specialist. Heart rate (HR) monitoring, survey-reported exercise behaviour and accelerometer-derived PA were used to quantify adherence. Remote measurement techniques were used to assess anthropometrics, blood pressure, HbA1c and lipid profiles. Results HR-derived adherence rates were 22 ± 34% and 113 ± 68% in the online resources and MOTIVATE groups, respectively. Self-reported exercise behaviour demonstrated moderate (Cohen's d = 0.63, CI = 0.27 to 0.99) and large effects (Cohen's d = 0.88, CI = 0.49 to 1.26) in favour of online resources and MOTIVATE groups, respectively. When dropouts were included, 84% of remotely gathered data were available, with dropouts removed data availability was 94%. Conclusion Data suggest both interventions have a positive impact on adherence to unsupervised exercise but MOTIVATE enables participants to meet recommended exercise guidelines. Nevertheless, to maximise adherence to unsupervised exercise, future appropriately powered trials should explore the effectiveness of the MOTIVATE intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Bannell
- Research Institute for Sport & Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Benjamin James Roy Buckley
- Research Institute for Sport & Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Anthony Crozier
- Research Institute for Sport & Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Andrew P Davies
- Research Institute for Sport & Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Katie L. Hesketh
- Research Institute for Sport & Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Helen Jones
- Research Institute for Sport & Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Matthew Cocks
- Research Institute for Sport & Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - on behalf of the MOTIVATE Team
- Research Institute for Sport & Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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Ekkekakis P, Biddle SJH. Extraordinary claims in the literature on high-intensity interval training (HIIT): IV. Is HIIT associated with higher long-term exercise adherence? PSYCHOLOGY OF SPORT AND EXERCISE 2023; 64:102295. [PMID: 37665824 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2022.102295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Nonadherence to and dropout from regular exercise and physical activity are important reasons why the field of exercise science has yet to fulfill its promise of improving public health on a global scale. Researchers have claimed that High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) is a feasible and sustainable exercise modality that may result in higher long-term adherence than moderate-intensity continuous exercise. If true, this would be a breakthrough discovery that could unlock the potential of exercise as a health-promoting intervention. We performed a systematic search of the literature and identified eight trials comparing HIIT to moderate-intensity continuous exercise, all of which involved follow-up periods of at least 12 months (i.e., SWIFT, Small Steps for Big Changes, SAINTEX-CAD, SMARTEX-HF, Generation 100, FITR, OptimEx-Clin, HITTS). Findings from these trials demonstrate that, while unsupervised, individuals initially assigned to HIIT tend to exercise at lower-than-prescribed intensities and HIIT groups demonstrate no advantage in long-term adherence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stuart J H Biddle
- Centre for Health Research, University of Southern Queensland, Australia
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10
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Andreato LV, Keech A, da Silva V, Francisco WW, Andrade A, Milani FT, de Souza Genta L, Branco BHM. Effects of the intensity of interval training on aerobic fitness, body composition and resting metabolic rate of women with overweight or obesity: A randomized trial. ISOKINET EXERC SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.3233/ies-220067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Moderate-intensity interval training (MIIT) may be a viable exercise format for improving body composition, aerobic fitness, and health-related variables. OBJECTIVES: This randomized trial aimed to analyze the effect of MIIT or high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on aerobic fitness, body composition variables, and resting metabolic rate (RMR) in women with overweight or obesity. METHODS: 31 sedentary adult women with overweight or obesity performed 7 weeks × 3 weekly sessions of either HIIT or MIIT. Physical and physiological tests were applied before and after training. RESULTS: In both analyses (intention-to-treat and by adherence to the training), aerobic fitness showed a time effect (p= 0.041 and p= 0.015), but without differences between groups (p> 0.05). No group (HIIT vs. MIIT), time (pre vs. post), or interaction effects (group vs. time) were found for RMR, body composition markers (fat mass, body fat percentage, lean mass), or body mass index – BMI (p> 0.05). In addition, MIIT induced a relatively high drop-out rate. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggested that the short-term (7-weeks) interval exercise training was effective for increasing aerobic fitness, and moderate-intensity intervals were as effective as high-intensity intervals. However, neither training format was effective for changing RMR, body composition variables, or BMI of women with overweight or obesity. Clinical trial ID: RBR-9jd7b7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Vidal Andreato
- Physical Education Department, State University of Santa Catarina,Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
- School of Health Sciences, University of Amazonas State, Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Andrew Keech
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sidney, Australia
| | - Valmir da Silva
- Physical Education Department, University Center of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Alexandro Andrade
- Physical Education Department, State University of Santa Catarina,Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | | | | | - Braulio Henrique Magnani Branco
- Physical Education Department, University Center of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
- Medicine Department, University Center of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
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Ivanova E, Sadikaj G, Bourne JE, Beauchamp M, Little JP, Jung ME. A Pilot Study on In-Task Affect Predicting Free-Living Adherence to HIIT and MICT. RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT 2022; 93:291-300. [PMID: 33064065 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2020.1828562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: To report pilot test findings on whether in-task affect during a supervised exercise program, where participants were randomized to either moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) or high-intensity interval training (HIIT), predicts changes in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA-Total and MVPA10+ in bouts of ≥ 10 min) at 1- and 6-month post-intervention. Method: This experimental study design randomized 32 inactive adults with prediabetes to complete a 2-week supervised MICT or HIIT plus behavioral counseling exercise intervention and objectively assessed free-living physical activity post-intervention. The Feeling Scale (FS) was used to assess the in-task effect. FS was measured in the middle of four, 1-min intervals in the HIIT condition, corresponding to ~20%, ~50%, ~75%, and ~85% of work out time. For the MICT condition, FS was assessed at similar exercise duration percentage times as HIIT. Accelerometer data evaluated MVPA at 1- and 6-month post-intervention. Results: 32 adults were included in the analyses. Pilot findings indicated in-task affect between the conditions did not predict changes in MVPA-Total from baseline to 1 and 6 months. For MVPA10+, in-task affect negatively predicted MVPA10+ over time in the MICT condition only. Conclusion: This study provides preliminary evidence that affect during MICT negatively predicts MVPA10+ over time, and that there is no difference of in-task affect's utility in predicting MVPA-Total between HIIT and MICT. Larger studies are required to confirm these findings.
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Batrakoulis A, Fatouros IG. Psychological Adaptations to High-Intensity Interval Training in Overweight and Obese Adults: A Topical Review. Sports (Basel) 2022; 10:sports10050064. [PMID: 35622474 PMCID: PMC9148041 DOI: 10.3390/sports10050064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Regular exercise has been reported as a fundamental piece of the management and treatment puzzle of obesity, playing a vital role in numerous psychological indicators. However, it is unclear whether high-intensity interval training (HIIT) can improve critical psychological health markers such as adherence, exercise enjoyment, affective responses, health-related quality of life, anxiety, and depression in overweight and obese adults. The purpose of this topical review was to catalogue studies investigating the psychological responses to HIIT in order to identify what psychological outcomes have been assessed, the research methods used, and the results. The inclusion/exclusion criteria were met by 25 published articles investigating either a traditional, single-component (84%) or a hybrid-type, multi-component (16%) HIIT protocol and involving 930 participants with overweight/obesity. The present topical review on HIIT-induced psychological adaptations shows that this popular exercise mode, but also demanding for the masses, can meaningfully increase the vast majority of the selected mental health-related indices. These improvements seem to be equal if not greater than those observed for moderate-intensity continuous training in overweight and obese adults. However, further research is needed in this area, focusing on the potential mechanisms behind positive alterations in various psychological health parameters through larger samples and high-quality randomized controlled trials.
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13
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Timmons JF, Beatty A, Stout C, Ivory A, Carroll C, Egan B. Increased Lean Body Mass After Bodyweight-Based High Intensity Interval Training in Overweight and Obese Men. RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT 2022:1-9. [PMID: 35363598 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2021.2002247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: The effects of 8 weeks of bodyweight exercise-based, high-intensity interval training (BWHIIT) on body composition and blood-based markers of metabolic health were investigated in overweight and obese, sedentary young men. Methods: In a parallel group, PRE-POST design, n = 30 men (age, 25.7 ± 4.3 y; body mass index, 27.7 ± 2.1 kg m-2; 26.1 ± 5.2% body fat) were randomized to BWHIIT (n = 20) or a control group (CON; n = 10). BWHIIT consisted of supervised, group-based training sessions (~30 minutes) performed 3 times weekly. Each session consisted of 6 high-intensity bodyweight-based exercises, with each exercise being performed for 4 minutes in the manner of 8 sets of 20 seconds of exercise, 10 seconds of rest. Prior to commencing training (PRE), and 36 h after the final training session (POST), an overnight fasted blood sample was drawn, and body composition was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Eighteen participants completed the intervention (CON, n = 9; BWHIIT, n = 9). Results: Lean body mass (LBM) was increased at POST in BWHIIT compared to CON (P = .011, η2p = .359), with the mean (95% confidence limits) increase in LBM from PRE to POST within BWHIIT being 1.23 (0.55, 1.92) kg. Body mass and fat mass were unchanged in both groups from PRE to POST. BWHIIT had no effect on serum concentrations of total cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C, triglycerides, NEFA, hsCRP, or glucose. Conclusion: Eight weeks of bodyweight exercise-based high intensity interval training by overweight and obese sedentary young men increased LBM by ~2%, but fat mass and blood-based markers of metabolic health were unchanged.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Brendan Egan
- Dublin City University
- Florida Institute for Human and Machine Cognition
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Mendelson M, Chacaroun S, Baillieul S, Doutreleau S, Guinot M, Wuyam B, Tamisier R, Pépin JL, Estève F, Tessier D, Vergès S, Flore P. Effects of high intensity interval training on sustained reduction in cardiometabolic risk associated with overweight/obesity. A randomized trial. J Exerc Sci Fit 2022; 20:172-181. [PMID: 35401768 PMCID: PMC8956941 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesf.2022.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Considering the potential greater cardiocirculatory effects of high intensity interval training (HIIT), we hypothesized that a 2-month supervised high volume short interval HIIT would induce greater improvements in CRF and cardiometabolic risk and increase long-term maintenance to physical activity compared to isocaloric moderate intensity continuous training (MICT) in overweight/obesity. Methods Sixty (19 females) subjects with overweight/obesity were randomized to three training programs (3 times/week for 2 months): MICT (45 min, 50% peak power output-PPO), HIIT (22 × 1-min cycling at 100% PPO/1-min passive recovery) and HIIT-RM (RM: recovery modulation, i.e. subjects adjusted passive recovery duration between 30s and 2 min). After the intervention, participants no longer benefited from supervised physical activity and were instructed to maintain the same exercise modalities on their own. We assessed anthropometrics, body composition, CRF, fat oxidation, lipid profile, glycemic balance, low-grade inflammation, vascular function, spontaneous physical activity and motivation for eating at three time points: baseline (T0), 4 days after the end of the 2-month supervised training program (T2) and 4 months after the end of the training program (T6). Results HIIT/HIIT-RM induced greater improvement in VO2peak (between +14% and +17%), power output at ventilatory thresholds and at maximal fat oxidation rate (+25%) and waist circumference (−1.53 cm) compared to MICT and tended to decrease insulin resistance. During the four-month follow-up period during which exercise in autonomy was prescribed, HIIT induced a greater preservation of CRF, decreases in total and abdominal fat masses and total cholesterol/HDL. Conclusion We have shown greater short-term benefits induced by a high volume short interval (1 min) HIIT on cardiorespiratory fitness and cardiometabolic risk over an isocaloric moderate intensity continuous exercise in persons with overweight/obesity. We also showed greater long-term effects (i.e. after 4 months) of this exercise modality on the maintenance of CRF, decreases in total and abdominal fat masses and total cholesterol/HDL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique Mendelson
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CHU Grenoble Alpes, HP2, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Samarmar Chacaroun
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CHU Grenoble Alpes, HP2, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Sébastien Baillieul
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CHU Grenoble Alpes, HP2, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Stéphane Doutreleau
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CHU Grenoble Alpes, HP2, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Michel Guinot
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CHU Grenoble Alpes, HP2, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Bernard Wuyam
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CHU Grenoble Alpes, HP2, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Renaud Tamisier
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CHU Grenoble Alpes, HP2, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Jean-Louis Pépin
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CHU Grenoble Alpes, HP2, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - François Estève
- Inserm - UA07 - Rayonnement Synchrotron pour la Recherche Biomédicale (STROBE) ID17 Installation Européenne du Rayonnement Synchrotron (ESRF), CHU Grenoble Alpes, CLUNI, SCRIMM-Sud, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Damien Tessier
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire SENS, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Samuel Vergès
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CHU Grenoble Alpes, HP2, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Patrice Flore
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CHU Grenoble Alpes, HP2, 38000, Grenoble, France
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BOURBEAU K, REED J, AUTEN A, CAVEY K, PAPADOPOULOS P, MORIARTY T. Self-paced HIIT is less physiologically demanding than traditional HIIT. GAZZETTA MEDICA ITALIANA ARCHIVIO PER LE SCIENZE MEDICHE 2022. [DOI: 10.23736/s0393-3660.20.04449-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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16
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Poon ETC, Siu PMF, Wongpipit W, Gibala M, Wong SHS. Alternating high-intensity interval training and continuous training is efficacious in improving cardiometabolic health in obese middle-aged men. J Exerc Sci Fit 2022; 20:40-47. [PMID: 34987589 PMCID: PMC8689221 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesf.2021.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background High-intensity interval training (HIIT) or moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) alone has been shown to improve metabolic health, but the effects of alternating the two training approaches as often practiced in real life remained unclear. Purpose To examine the effects of HIIT or MICT alone or alternating HIIT-MICT on cardiometabolic responses in inactive obese middle-aged men. Methods Forty-two participants (age: 42 ± 5 y; BMI: 26.3 ± 2.1 kg m−2) were randomly assigned to four groups: HIIT (12 x 1-min running bouts at 80–90% HRmax interspersed with 1-min active recovery at 50% HRmax), MICT (40-min brisk walk at 65–70% HRmax), alternating HIIT-MICT or a non-exercise control group (CON). Exercise sessions were conducted three times per week for 16 weeks. Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), body composition (by bioelectrical impedance analysis), blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and lipid profile were assessed at baseline and after the 16-week intervention. Enjoyment and self-efficacy were also assessed at the end of intervention. Results All exercise groups showed a similar VO2max increase of ∼15% (HIIT: 34.3 ± 4.4 vs 39.1 ± 5.4; MICT: 34.9 ± 5.0 vs 39.4 ± 7.2; and alternating HIIT-MICT: 34.4 ± 5.0 vs 40.3 ± 4.6 mL kg−1min−1) compared to baseline and CON (all p < 0.05). Weight, BMI, % fat and waist circumference also showed similar reductions in all exercise groups compared to baseline and CON (all p < 0.05). No significant group difference was observed for all blood markers. Compared to baseline, total cholesterol decreased after HIIT-MICT, while HIIT significantly decreased fasting insulin level and improved insulin resistance (p < 0.05). Enjoyment, self-efficacy and adherence were similar among all exercise groups. Conclusion HIIT or MICT alone or alternating HIIT-MICT similarly improve cardiovascular fitness and body composition in obese middle-aged men despite differences in total training volume and time commitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Tsz-Chun Poon
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Parco Ming-Fai Siu
- Division of Kinesiology, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Waris Wongpipit
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
- Faculty of Education, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Martin Gibala
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephen Heung-Sang Wong
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
- Corresponding author.
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Lack of Endothelial α1AMPK Reverses the Vascular Protective Effects of Exercise by Causing eNOS Uncoupling. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10121974. [PMID: 34943078 PMCID: PMC8750041 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10121974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Voluntary exercise training is an effective way to prevent cardiovascular disease, since it results in increased NO bioavailability and decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), especially its α1AMPK subunit, modulates ROS-dependent vascular homeostasis. Since endothelial cells play an important role in exercise-induced changes of vascular signaling, we examined the consequences of endothelial-specific α1AMPK deletion during voluntary exercise training. We generated a mouse strain with specific deletion of α1AMPK in endothelial cells (α1AMPKflox/flox x TekCre+). While voluntary exercise training improved endothelial function in wild-type mice, it had deleterious effects in mice lacking endothelial α1AMPK indicated by elevated reactive oxygen species production (measured by dihydroethidum fluorescence and 3-nitrotyrosine staining), eNOS uncoupling and endothelial dysfunction. Importantly, the expression of the phagocytic NADPH oxidase isoform (NOX-2) was down-regulated by exercise in control mice, whereas it was up-regulated in exercising α1AMPKflox/flox x TekCre+ animals. In addition, nitric oxide bioavailability was decreased and the antioxidant/protective nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf-2) response via heme oxygenase 1 and uncoupling protein-2 (UCP-2) was impaired in exercising α1AMPKflox/flox x TekCre+ mice. Our results demonstrate that endothelial α1AMPK is a critical component of the signaling events that enable vascular protection in response to exercise. Moreover, they identify endothelial α1AMPK as a master switch that determines whether the effects of exercise on the vasculature are protective or detrimental.
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Hesketh K, Jones H, Kinnafick F, Shepherd SO, Wagenmakers AJM, Strauss JA, Cocks M. Home-Based HIIT and Traditional MICT Prescriptions Improve Cardiorespiratory Fitness to a Similar Extent Within an Exercise Referral Scheme for At-Risk Individuals. Front Physiol 2021; 12:750283. [PMID: 34858205 PMCID: PMC8631444 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.750283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise referral schemes (ERS) are used to promote physical activity within primary care. Traditionally, ERS are conducted in a gym or leisure-center setting, with exercise prescriptions based on moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT). Home-based high-intensity interval training (Home-HIIT) has the potential to reduce perceived barriers to exercise, including lack of time and access to facilities, compared to traditional MICT prescription used with ERS and improve health related outcomes. We hypothesized that Home-HIIT would mediate greater improvement in cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) by virtue of greater adherence and compliance to the exercise prescription, compared to MICT. Methods: Patients enrolled on an ERS (Liverpool, United Kingdom) were recruited for a pragmatic trial. Participants self-selected either 12 weeks of MICT (45-135 min/week at 50-70% HRmax) or Home-HIIT (4-9 min × 1 min intervals at ≥80% of HRmax, interspersed with 1 min rest). The primary outcome was the change in CRF (VO2 peak) at post-intervention (12 weeks) and follow-up (3-month post intervention), using intention-to-treat analysis. Results: 154 participants (age 48 ± 10y; BMI 30.5 ± 6.1 kg/m2) were recruited between October 2017 and March 2019, 87 (56%) participants chose Home-HIIT and 67 (44%) MICT. VO2 peak increased post-intervention in both groups (MICT 3.9 ± 6.0 ml.kg-1.min-1, Home-HIIT 2.8 ± 4.5 ml.kg-1.min-1, P < 0.001), and was maintained at follow-up (P < 0.001). Fat mass was only reduced post MICT (MICT -1.5 ± 6.3 kg, P < 0.05, Home-HIIT -0.2 ± 2.0 kg, P = 1.00), but the reduction was not maintained at follow-up (MICT -0.6 ± 5.1 kg, Home-HIIT 0.0 ± 2.2 kg, P > 0.05). Adherence to the prescribed programs was similar (MICT 48 ± 35%, Home-HIIT 39 ± 36%, P = 0.77). Conclusion: This is the first study to evaluate the use of Home-HIIT for individuals in a primary care setting. Contrary to our hypothesis, adherence to both exercise prescriptions was poor, and CRF improved to a similar extent in both groups with improvements maintained at 3-month follow-up. We provide evidence that, although not superior, Home-HIIT could be an effective and popular additional exercise choice for patients within primary care based ERS. Clinical Trial Registration: [ClinicalTrials.gov], identifier [NCT04553614].
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Hesketh
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Helen Jones
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Florence Kinnafick
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Sam O Shepherd
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Anton J M Wagenmakers
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Juliette A Strauss
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Cocks
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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Alarcón-Gómez J, Chulvi-Medrano I, Martin-Rivera F, Calatayud J. Effect of High-Intensity Interval Training on Quality of Life, Sleep Quality, Exercise Motivation and Enjoyment in Sedentary People with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182312612. [PMID: 34886337 PMCID: PMC8656786 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182312612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) people’s health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is affected by glycemic control. Regular exercise is strongly recommended to these patients due to its cardiovascular and metabolic benefits. However, a large percentage of patients with T1DM people present a sedentary behavior because of the fear of a post-exercise hypoglycemia event, lack of time, lack of motivation and the complicated management of exercise, glycemic and insulin dose interaction. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is an efficient and safe methodology since it prevents hypoglycemia and does not require much time, which are the main barriers for this population to doing exercise and increasing physical conditioning. (2) Methods: Nineteen sedentary adults (37 ± 6.5 years) with T1DM, were randomly assigned to 6 weeks of either HIIT (12-16-20 × 30-s intervals interspersed with 1-min rest periods) performed thrice weekly, or to the control group, which did not train. HRQoL, sleep quality, exercise motivation and enjoyment were measured as psychological variables. (4) Results: HRQoL improved in physical and social domains, PF (1.9%); PR (80.3%); GH (16.6); SF (34.1%). Sleep quality improved in the HIIT group by 21.4%. Enjoyment improved by 7% and intrinsic motivation was increased by 13%. (5) Conclusions: We suggest that the 6-week HIIT program used in the present study is safe, since no severe hypoglycemia were reported, and an effective strategy in improving HRQoL, sleep quality, exercise motivation and enjoyment which are important psychological well-being factors in T1DM people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Alarcón-Gómez
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Iván Chulvi-Medrano
- UIRFIDE Sport Performance and Physical Fitness Research Group, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Fernando Martin-Rivera
- Research Group in Prevention and Health in Exercise and Sport, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Correspondence: or
| | - Joaquín Calatayud
- Exercise Intervention for Health Research Group (EXINH-RG), Department of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
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Left ventricular mechanical, cardiac autonomic and metabolic responses to a single session of high intensity interval training. Eur J Appl Physiol 2021; 122:383-394. [PMID: 34738196 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-021-04840-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE High-intensity interval training (HIIT) produces significant health benefits. However, the acute physiological responses to HIIT are poorly understood. Therefore, we aimed to measure the acute cardiac autonomic, haemodynamic, metabolic and left ventricular mechanical responses to a single HIIT session. METHODS Fifty young, healthy participants completed a single HIIT session, comprising of three 30-s maximal exercise intervals on a cycle ergometer, interspersed with 2-min active recovery. Cardiac autonomics, haemodynamics and metabolic variables were measured pre-, during and post-HIIT. Conventional and speckle tracking echocardiography was used to record standard and tissue Doppler measures of left ventricular (LV) structure, function and mechanics pre- and post-HIIT. RESULTS Following a single HIIT session, there was significant post-exercise systolic hypotension (126 ± 13 to 111 ± 10 mmHg, p < 0.05), parallel to a significant reduction in total peripheral resistance (1640 ± 365 to 639 ± 177 dyne⋅s⋅cm5, p < 0.001) and significant increases in baroreceptor reflex sensitivity and baroreceptor effectiveness index (9.2 ± 11 to 24.8 ± 16.7 ms⋅mmHg-1 and 41.8 ± 28 to 68.8 ± 16.2, respectively) during recovery compared to baseline. There was also a significant increase in the low- to high-frequency heart rate variability ratio in recovery (0.7 ± 0.48 to 1.7 ± 1, p < 0.001) and significant improvements in left ventricular global longitudinal strain (- 18.3 ± 1.2% to - 29.2 ± 2.3%, p < 0.001), and myocardial twist mechanics (1.27 ± 0.72 to 1.98 ± 0.72°·cm-1, p = 0.028) post-HIIT compared to baseline. CONCLUSION A single HIIT session is associated with acute improvements in autonomic modulation, haemodynamic cardiovascular control and left ventricular function, structure and mechanics. The acute responses to HIIT provide crucial mechanistic information, which may have significant acute and chronic clinical implications.
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Clements JN, Albanese NP, D'Souza JJ, Misher A, Reece S(M, Trujillo J, Whitley HP. Clinical review and role of clinical pharmacists in obesity management: An opinion of the endocrine and metabolism practice and research network of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CLINICAL PHARMACY 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/jac5.1512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer N. Clements
- Diabetes Transition Spartanburg Regional Healthcare System Spartanburg South Carolina USA
| | - Nicole P. Albanese
- University at Buffalo School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Buffalo New York USA
| | - Jennifer J. D'Souza
- Midwestern University Chicago College of Pharmacy Downers Grove Illinois USA
| | - Anne Misher
- Patient Health Support Pharmacist Caromont Health Gastonia North Carolina USA
| | | | - Jennifer Trujillo
- University of Colorado Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Aurora Colorado USA
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22
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Batrakoulis A, Jamurtas AZ, Fatouros IG. High-Intensity Interval Training in Metabolic Diseases. ACSM'S HEALTH & FITNESS JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1249/fit.0000000000000703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Patoz A, Spicher R, Pedrani N, Malatesta D, Borrani F. Critical speed estimated by statistically appropriate fitting procedures. Eur J Appl Physiol 2021; 121:2027-2038. [PMID: 33811559 PMCID: PMC8192409 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-021-04675-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Intensity domains are recommended when prescribing exercise. The distinction between heavy and severe domains is made by the critical speed (CS), therefore requiring a mathematically accurate estimation of CS. The different model variants (distance versus time, running speed versus time, time versus running speed, and distance versus running speed) are mathematically equivalent. Nevertheless, error minimization along the correct axis is important to estimate CS and the distance that can be run above CS (d'). We hypothesized that comparing statistically appropriate fitting procedures, which minimize the error along the axis corresponding to the properly identified dependent variable, should provide similar estimations of CS and d' but that different estimations should be obtained when comparing statistically appropriate and inappropriate fitting procedure. METHODS Sixteen male runners performed a maximal incremental aerobic test and four exhaustive runs at 90, 100, 110, and 120% of their peak speed on a treadmill. Several fitting procedures (a combination of a two-parameter model variant and regression analysis: weighted least square) were used to estimate CS and d'. RESULTS Systematic biases (P < 0.001) were observed between each pair of fitting procedures for CS and d', even when comparing two statistically appropriate fitting procedures, though negligible, thus corroborating the hypothesis. CONCLUSION The differences suggest that a statistically appropriate fitting procedure should be chosen beforehand by the researcher. This is also important for coaches that need to prescribe training sessions to their athletes based on exercise intensity, and their choice should be maintained over the running seasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélien Patoz
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Research and Development Department, Volodalen Swiss Sport Lab, Aigle, Switzerland.
| | - Romain Spicher
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicola Pedrani
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Davide Malatesta
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Fabio Borrani
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Patoz A, Pedrani N, Spicher R, Berchtold A, Borrani F, Malatesta D. Effect of Mathematical Modeling and Fitting Procedures on the Assessment of Critical Speed and Its Relationship With Aerobic Fitness Parameters. Front Physiol 2021; 12:613066. [PMID: 34135766 PMCID: PMC8201789 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.613066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
An accurate estimation of critical speed (CS) is important to accurately define the boundary between heavy and severe intensity domains when prescribing exercise. Hence, our aim was to compare CS estimates obtained by statistically appropriate fitting procedures, i.e., regression analyses that correctly consider the dependent variables of the underlying models. A second aim was to determine the correlations between estimated CS and aerobic fitness parameters, i.e., ventilatory threshold, respiratory compensation point, and maximal rate of oxygen uptake. Sixteen male runners performed a maximal incremental aerobic test and four exhaustive runs at 90, 100, 110, and 120% of the peak speed of the incremental test on a treadmill. Then, two mathematically equivalent formulations (time as function of running speed and distance as function of running speed) of three different mathematical models (two-parameter, three-parameter, and three-parameter exponential) were employed to estimate CS, the distance that can be run above CS (d'), and if applicable, the maximal instantaneous running speed (s max ). A significant effect of the mathematical model was observed when estimating CS, d', and s max (P < 0.001), but there was no effect of the fitting procedure (P > 0.77). The three-parameter model had the best fit quality (smallest Akaike information criterion) of the CS estimates but the highest 90% confidence intervals and combined standard error of estimates (%SEE). The 90% CI and %SEE were similar when comparing the two fitting procedures for a given model. High and very high correlations were obtained between CS and aerobic fitness parameters for the three different models (r ≥ 0.77) as well as reasonably small SEE (SEE ≤ 6.8%). However, our results showed no further support for selecting the best mathematical model to estimate critical speed. Nonetheless, we suggest coaches choosing a mathematical model beforehand to define intensity domains and maintaining it over the running seasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélien Patoz
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Research and Development Department, Volodalen Swiss Sport Lab, Aigle, Switzerland
| | - Nicola Pedrani
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Romain Spicher
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - André Berchtold
- Institute of Social Sciences and National Centre of Competence in Research LIVES, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Fabio Borrani
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Davide Malatesta
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Hendker A, Eils E. A Group-Based 8-Week Functional Interval-Type Outdoor Training Program Improves Physical Performance in Recreationally Active Adults. Front Sports Act Living 2021; 3:627853. [PMID: 33870185 PMCID: PMC8044832 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2021.627853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Even though physical activity is an important aspect of health, lack of time or motivation impede people from working out regularly. One type of training program that is both efficient and motivating is functional interval-type outdoor training. To evaluate this, our study had 81 participants complete a battery of physical performance tests (incremental treadmill test, core stability test and functional fitness test) before and after an 8-week outdoor interval-type training intervention. Training procedures included multimodal and high-intensity exercises performed in consistent, small groups. Results showed that the interval training program produced significant increases in the intervention group (n = 43) in functional and strength exercises (p < 0.001; squat (+27%), burpee (+24%), bridge (+39%), push-up (+34%), sit-up (+25%), high knees (+25%), row (+19%), effect sizes 0.4–0.11) for almost all parameters in comparison to a non-intervention control population (n = 38). Interestingly, trunk stability increased significantly (p < 0.001; flexion (+86%), extension (+43%), lateral left (+39%), lateral right (+32%), effect sizes 0.3–0.15) even though it was not explicitly trained; this was rather a secondary outcome of the functional exercises. Drop-out rates (Intervention group: 27%) suggest that this form of training seems to improve adherence to exercise and may help participants to stay committed to regular, intense activity. By simultaneously triggering adaptations in functional fitness, endurance and whole-body movements, this program can be used by people at different training levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Hendker
- Department of Neuromotor Behavior and Exercise, Institute of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Eric Eils
- Department of Neuromotor Behavior and Exercise, Institute of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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Polisel EEC, Beck WR, Scariot PPM, Pejon TMM, Gobatto CA, Manchado-Gobatto FB. Effects of high-intensity interval training in more or less active mice on biomechanical, biophysical and biochemical bone parameters. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6414. [PMID: 33742012 PMCID: PMC7979708 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85585-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is of scientific interest due its role in improving physical fitness, but the effects of HIIT on bone health need be carefully explored. Further, it is necessary to know whether HIIT effects on bone health are dependent on the physical activity levels. This may be experimentally tested since we have built a large cage (LC) that allows animals to move freely, promoting an increase of spontaneous physical activity (SPA) in comparison to a small cage (SC). Thus, we examined the effects of HIIT on biophysical, biomechanical and biochemical parameters of bone tissue of C57BL/6J mice living in cages of two different sizes: small (SC) or large (LC) cages with 1320 cm2 and 4800 cm2 floor space, respectively. Male mice were subdivided into two groups within each housing type: Control (C) and Trained (T). At the end of the interventions, all mice were euthanized to extract the femur bone for biophysical, biomechanical and biochemical analyses. Based a significant interaction from two-way ANOVA, trained mice kept in large cage (but not for trained mice housed in SC) exhibited a reduction of tenacity and displacement at failure in bone. This suggests that long-term HIIT program, in addition with a more active lifestyle correlates with exerts negative effects on the bone of healthy mice. A caution must also be raised about the excessive adoption of physical training, at least regarding bone tissue. On the other hand, increased calcium was found in femur of mice housed in LC. In line with this, LC-C mice were more active (i.e. SPA) than other groups. This implies that an active lifestyle without long-term high intensity physical training seems to play a role in promoting benefits to bone tissue. Our data provides new insights for treatment of osteo-health related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuel E. C. Polisel
- grid.411087.b0000 0001 0723 2494Laboratory of Applied Sport Physiology, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Pedro Zaccaria Street, 1.300, Jardim Santa Luíza, Limeira, SP 13484-350 Brazil
| | - Wladimir R. Beck
- grid.411247.50000 0001 2163 588XLaboratory of Endocrine Physiology and Physical Exercise, Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP Brazil
| | - Pedro P. M. Scariot
- grid.411087.b0000 0001 0723 2494Laboratory of Applied Sport Physiology, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Pedro Zaccaria Street, 1.300, Jardim Santa Luíza, Limeira, SP 13484-350 Brazil
| | - Taciane M. M. Pejon
- grid.411247.50000 0001 2163 588XLaboratory of Endocrine Physiology and Physical Exercise, Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP Brazil
| | - Claudio A. Gobatto
- grid.411087.b0000 0001 0723 2494Laboratory of Applied Sport Physiology, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Pedro Zaccaria Street, 1.300, Jardim Santa Luíza, Limeira, SP 13484-350 Brazil
| | - Fúlvia B. Manchado-Gobatto
- grid.411087.b0000 0001 0723 2494Laboratory of Applied Sport Physiology, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Pedro Zaccaria Street, 1.300, Jardim Santa Luíza, Limeira, SP 13484-350 Brazil
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Ardavani A, Aziz H, Smith K, Atherton PJ, Phillips BE, Idris I. The Effects of Very Low Energy Diets and Low Energy Diets with Exercise Training on Skeletal Muscle Mass: A Narrative Review. Adv Ther 2021; 38:149-163. [PMID: 33211298 PMCID: PMC7854408 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-020-01562-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, very-low-energy diets (VLEDs) have been recognised as a viable strategy for improving the extent of weight loss and cardio-metabolic outcomes in people who are either overweight or obese. However, concerns exist regarding the reductions in lean body mass (LBM) during VLEDs, particularly in vulnerable demographic groups, such as middle-aged and older adults already prone to developing sarcopenia. Sarcopenia is itself associated with multiple adverse outcomes, including frailty, cardio-metabolic deterioration and increased mortality. Therefore, a number of studies investigating strategies to ameliorate this detrimental effect of VLEDs have attempted to address this concern. This narrative review explores the potential benefits and limitations of exercise and/or protein supplementation for LBM retention during VLEDs based on the available evidence. Current studies suggest that both protein supplementation and exercise training may result in improved LBM retention (and skeletal muscle function) during VLEDs. However, uncertainty remains concerning the interactions between intervention types, based on discordant outcomes reported in the literature and the heterogeneity of exercise modalities in achieving this particular outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Ardavani
- Clinical, Metabolic and Molecular Physiology Research Group, MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, Derby, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - Hariz Aziz
- Clinical, Metabolic and Molecular Physiology Research Group, MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, Derby, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - Ken Smith
- Clinical, Metabolic and Molecular Physiology Research Group, MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, Derby, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - Philip J Atherton
- Clinical, Metabolic and Molecular Physiology Research Group, MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, Derby, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - Bethan E Phillips
- Clinical, Metabolic and Molecular Physiology Research Group, MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, Derby, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - Iskandar Idris
- Clinical, Metabolic and Molecular Physiology Research Group, MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, Derby, UK.
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham, UK.
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Martin-Niedecken AL, Mahrer A, Rogers K, de Bruin ED, Schättin A. “HIIT” the ExerCube: Comparing the Effectiveness of Functional High-Intensity Interval Training in Conventional vs. Exergame-Based Training. FRONTIERS IN COMPUTER SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fcomp.2020.00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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29
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Batrakoulis A, Tsimeas P, Deli CK, Vlachopoulos D, Ubago-Guisado E, Poulios A, Chatzinikolaou A, Draganidis D, Papanikolaou K, Georgakouli K, Batsilas D, Gracia-Marco L, Jamurtas AZ, Fatouros I. Hybrid neuromuscular training promotes musculoskeletal adaptations in inactive overweight and obese women: A training-detraining randomized controlled trial. J Sports Sci 2020; 39:503-512. [PMID: 33054601 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2020.1830543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of a 10-month high-intensity interval-type neuromuscular training programme on musculoskeletal fitness in overweight and obese women. Forty-nine inactive females (36.4 ± 4.4 yrs) were randomly assigned to either a control (N = 21), a training (N = 14, 10 months) or a training-detraining group (N = 14, 5 months training followed by 5 months detraining). Training used progressive loaded fundamental movement patterns with prescribed work-to-rest intervals (1:2, 1:1, 2:1) in a circuit fashion (2-3 rounds). Muscular strength and endurance, flexibility, passive range of motion (PRoM), static balance, functional movement screen (FMS) and bone mass density (BMD) and content (BMC) were measured at pre-, mid-, and post-intervention. Ten months of training induced greater changes than the controls in (i) BMD (+1.9%, p < 0.001) and BMC (+1.5%, p = 0.023) ii) muscular strength (25%-53%, p = 0.001-0.005); iii) muscular endurance (103%-195%, p < 0.001); and iv) mobility (flexibility: 40%, p < 0.001; PRoM [24%-53%, p = 0.001-0.05;]; balance: 175%, p = 0.058; FMS: +58%, p < 0.001). The response rate to training was exceptionally high (86-100%). Five months of detraining reduced but not abolished training-induced adaptations. These results suggest that a hybrid-type exercise approach integrating endurance-based bodyweight drills with resistance-based alternative modes into a real-world gym setting may promote musculoskeletal fitness in overweight and obese women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexios Batrakoulis
- School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Tsimeas
- School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
| | - Chariklia K Deli
- School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Vlachopoulos
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Sport and Health Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Esther Ubago-Guisado
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad De Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca, Spain
| | - Athanasios Poulios
- School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
| | | | - Dimitrios Draganidis
- School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
| | | | - Kalliopi Georgakouli
- School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Batsilas
- School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
| | - Luis Gracia-Marco
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Athanasios Z Jamurtas
- School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
| | - Ioannis Fatouros
- School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
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Fortier M, McFadden T, Faulkner G. Evidence-based recommendations to assist adults with depression to become lifelong movers. Health Promot Chronic Dis Prev Can 2020; 40:299-308. [PMID: 33064071 PMCID: PMC7608934 DOI: 10.24095/hpcdp.40.10.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Depression is the most common and prevalent mental disorder today, affecting an estimated 1 in 4 Canadians at some point in their lifetime. Physical activity is recommended as a primary treatment for mild to moderate depression and a secondary treatment for moderate to severe depression. Despite this, specific guidelines are still lacking on how to best promote physical activity in this population. Accordingly, this policy brief provides evidence-based recommendations for primary care providers and allied health professionals to promote lifelong physical activity in individuals with depression. Recommendations include asking for permission to discuss physical activity with the individual; framing physical activity as something that they have control over in order to feel better; clarifying that incorporating even a few more minutes of weekly physical activity is better than nothing and that mild forms are enough to achieve mental health benefits; and providing choices of activities to try and accompanying them on their first few sessions. Moreover, this article highlights the importance of promoting physical activity enjoyment for this population, which can be done by guiding the individual to slowly build up the frequency, duration and intensity of activity; encouraging them to be self-compassionate toward physical activity; suggesting they engage in outdoor activity, listen to music, and/or participate with a buddy or group; and incorporate self-monitoring or journalling to solidify the link between physical activity and improved mood. Practitioners are encouraged to use these evidence-informed recommendations-especially maximizing choices, enhancing physical activity enjoyment and emphasizing personal preferences-to help individuals with depression move, recover and flourish. These recommendations may also be used to tailor future interventions and inform policy guidelines to reduce depression rates in Canada.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Fortier
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Taylor McFadden
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Guy Faulkner
- Faculty of Education, School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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31
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Gripp F, Nava RC, Cassilhas RC, Esteves EA, Magalhães COD, Dias-Peixoto MF, de Castro Magalhães F, Amorim FT. HIIT is superior than MICT on cardiometabolic health during training and detraining. Eur J Appl Physiol 2020; 121:159-172. [PMID: 33000332 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-020-04502-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study investigated the cardiometabolic health of overweight/obese untrained individuals in response to 8 weeks of HIIT and MICT using a field approach, and to 4 weeks of training cessation (TC). METHODS Twenty-two subjects performed 8 weeks of moderate intensity continuous training (MICT-n = 11) or high-intensity interval training (HIIT-n = 11) (outdoor running), followed by 4 weeks of TC. Cardiorespiratory fitness, body composition, arterial blood pressure, glucose metabolism and blood lipids were measured pre-training (PRE), post-training (POST) and TC. RESULTS HIIT improved eight indicators of cardiometabolic health ([Formula: see text], BMI, body fat, visceral fat, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, fasting glucose and triglycerides-p < 0.05) while MICT only three ([Formula: see text], BMI, and visceral fat-p < 0.05). After 4 weeks of TC, four positive adaptations from HIIT were negatively affected ( [Formula: see text], visceral fat, systolic blood pressure and total cholesterol-p < 0.05) and three in the MICT group ([Formula: see text], BMI and visceral fat, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Eight weeks of HIIT performed in a real-world setting promoted a greater number of positive adaptations in cardiometabolic health of individuals with overweight/obese compared to MICT. Most of the positive effects of the HIIT protocol were also found to be longer lasting and maintained after the suspension of high-intensity interval running for 4 weeks. Conversely, all positive effects of MICT protocols were reversed after TC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Gripp
- Multicenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Diamantina, MG, Brazil.,Departament of Physical Education, Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Diamantina, MG, Brazil
| | - Roberto Carlos Nava
- Department of Health, Exercise, and Sports Sciences, Johnson Center B145 MSC04 2610, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131-0001, USA
| | - Ricardo Cardoso Cassilhas
- Multicenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Diamantina, MG, Brazil.,Departament of Physical Education, Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Diamantina, MG, Brazil
| | - Elizabethe Adriana Esteves
- Multicenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Diamantina, MG, Brazil.,Departamento of Nutrition, Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Diamantina, MG, Brazil
| | - Caíque Olegário Diniz Magalhães
- Multicenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Diamantina, MG, Brazil.,Departament of Physical Education, Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Diamantina, MG, Brazil
| | - Marco Fabrício Dias-Peixoto
- Multicenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Diamantina, MG, Brazil.,Departament of Physical Education, Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Diamantina, MG, Brazil
| | - Flávio de Castro Magalhães
- Multicenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Diamantina, MG, Brazil.,Department of Health, Exercise, and Sports Sciences, Johnson Center B145 MSC04 2610, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131-0001, USA.,Departament of Physical Education, Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Diamantina, MG, Brazil
| | - Fabiano Trigueiro Amorim
- Multicenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Diamantina, MG, Brazil. .,Department of Health, Exercise, and Sports Sciences, Johnson Center B145 MSC04 2610, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131-0001, USA. .,Departament of Physical Education, Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Diamantina, MG, Brazil.
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Berg J, Wang AI, Lydersen S, Moholdt T. Can Gaming Get You Fit? Front Physiol 2020; 11:1017. [PMID: 32973553 PMCID: PMC7468464 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.01017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale Exergaming may be a viable alternative to more traditional exercise. As high-intensity exercise can provide substantial health benefits, the purpose of this study was to investigate the long-term effectiveness of providing inactive adults with access to a high-intensity exergaming platform. Methods In this study, 52 inactive adults (<150 min of exercise per week), aged 18 years or older, were randomized (1:1) into an exergaming (N = 27) or a control group (N = 25). Exergaming participants were given access to the Playpulse exergaming platform for 6 months, where they decided how frequently they wanted to use the platform. The primary outcome measure, analyzed with a mixed model, was peak oxygen uptake (V̇O2peak). Secondary outcomes included body composition, blood pressure, and blood markers of cardiometabolic health. Results Mean V̇O2peak at 6 months was 42.3 (SD 7.0) mL⋅kg−1⋅min−1 and 41.9 (SD 7.4) mL⋅kg−1⋅min−1 for the exergaming and control group, respectively with no significant between-group differences (-0.7, 95% CI -2.7 to 1.3, P = 0.49). Apart from increased moderate-intensity physical activity in the exergaming group at 3 months (21.9 min⋅day−1, 95% CI: 2.2 to 41.5, P = 0.03) compared to the control group, there were no significant between-group differences for any outcome at either 3 or 6 months. On average, participants in the exergaming group performed 12 (SD 13) exergaming sessions with an average heart rate of 74.5 (SD 7.5)% of maximum heart rate, throughout the intervention. Conclusion Due to low exergaming frequency over the 6-month intervention, exergaming participants showed no significant health benefits compared to control. Our study indicates that although the Playpulse exergaming platform is found enjoyable, this is not enough to motivate inactive adults to regularly engage in exercise and thereby improve health. Clinical Trial Registration www.clinicaltrials.gov, identifier NCT03513380.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Berg
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,St. Olav's University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Alf Inge Wang
- Department of Computer Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Stian Lydersen
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Trine Moholdt
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,St. Olav's University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
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Souza D, Coswig V, de Lira CAB, Gentil P. H″IT″ting the Barriers for Exercising during Social Isolation. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:E245. [PMID: 32847134 PMCID: PMC7565488 DOI: 10.3390/biology9090245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Aerobic exercise is traditionally recommended to improve general health and prevent many non-communicable diseases. However, the measures adopted to control the novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak culminated with closing of exercise facilities and fitness centers and, as a primary consequence, impaired aerobic exercise practice. This contributed to an increase in risk factors associated with physical inactivity such as insulin resistance, high blood pressure, low-grade inflammation, weight gain, and mental health problems. The scenario is worrisome, and it is important to propose alternatives for exercise practice during the COVID-19 pandemic. Interval training (IT) emerges as an exercise mode that might be feasible, low-cost, and potentially safe to be performed in many different places. IT consists of interspersing relative brief bouts of high-intensity exercise with recovery periods and promotes similar or greater health benefits when compared to moderate-intensity continuous exercise. Among the different types of IT, sprint interval training and "Tabata protocols" might be particularly useful during social isolation. These protocols can be controlled and performed without the need of complex equipment and can be adapted to different places, including domestic environments. In this article, we present variations of IT as possible alternatives to cope physical inactivity during COVID-19 pandemics with a focus on its practical applications. The protocols suggested can be performed without the need of specialized equipment or facilities, in a time-efficient manner, and aiming to prevent detraining or even improve physical fitness and general health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Souza
- College of Physical Education and Dance, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia 74690-900, Brazil; (D.S.); (C.A.B.d.L.)
| | - Victor Coswig
- College of Physical Education, Federal University of Pará, Castanhal 68746-360, Brazil;
| | - Claudio Andre Barbosa de Lira
- College of Physical Education and Dance, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia 74690-900, Brazil; (D.S.); (C.A.B.d.L.)
| | - Paulo Gentil
- College of Physical Education and Dance, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia 74690-900, Brazil; (D.S.); (C.A.B.d.L.)
- Hypertension League, Federal University of Goiás, Goiania 74605-020, Brazil
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Ferrari F, Martins VM. High-intensity Interval Training versus Continuous Exercise: Is There a Difference Regarding the Magnitude of Blood Pressure Reduction? Arq Bras Cardiol 2020; 115:15-16. [PMID: 32785495 PMCID: PMC8384329 DOI: 10.36660/abc.20200261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Filipe Ferrari
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Cardiologia e Ciências Cardiovasculares, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Vítor Magnus Martins
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
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Dupuit M, Maillard F, Pereira B, Marquezi ML, Lancha AH, Boisseau N. Effect of high intensity interval training on body composition in women before and after menopause: a meta-analysis. Exp Physiol 2020; 105:1470-1490. [PMID: 32613697 DOI: 10.1113/ep088654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the topic of this review? A meta-analysis of the efficacy of high intensity interval training (HIIT) in reducing weight, total fat mass (FM) and (intra)-abdominal FM in normal-weight and overweight/obese women before and after menopause. What advances does it highlight? HIIT programmes in women significantly decrease body weight and total and abdominal FM. Their effects are more evident in pre- than in postmenopausal women. Cycling HIIT seems more effective than running, especially in postmenopausal women, and training interventions longer than 8 weeks comprising three sessions a week should be promoted. ABSTRACT High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is a stimulating modality for reducing body weight and adipose tissue. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to assess the efficacy of HIIT in reducing weight, total fat mass (FM) and (intra)-abdominal FM in normal-weight and overweight/obese women before and after menopause. A structured electronic search was performed to find all publications relevant to our review. Stratified analyses were made of hormonal status (pre- vs. postmenopausal state), weight, HIIT modalities (cycling vs. running), programme duration (< or ≥8 weeks) and the methods used to measure body composition (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry vs. computed tomography, Magnetic Resonance Imaging and others). A total of 38 studies involving 959 subjects were included. Our meta-analysis showed that overall HIIT programmes significantly decrease weight, total and abdominal FM in women. Both normal weight and overweight/obese women lost total FM after HIIT protocols whereas HIIT was only effective in decreasing abdominal FM in women with excess adiposity. When pre- and postmenopausal women were considered separately, the effect of HIIT on weight, total and abdominal FM were only significant before menopause. Cycling HIIT seemed more effective than running, especially in postmenopausal women, and training interventions longer than 8 weeks comprising three sessions were more efficient. HIIT is a successful strategy to lose weight and FM in normal weight and overweight/obese women. However, further studies are still needed to draw meaningful conclusions about the real effectiveness of HIIT protocols in postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Dupuit
- Laboratory of Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise under Physiological and Pathological Conditions (AME2P), Université Clermont Auvergne, EA 3533, Clermont-Ferrand, 63171, France
| | - Florie Maillard
- Laboratory of Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise under Physiological and Pathological Conditions (AME2P), Université Clermont Auvergne, EA 3533, Clermont-Ferrand, 63171, France
| | - Bruno Pereira
- Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, Biostatistics Unit (DRCI), Clermont-Ferrand, 63000, France
| | | | | | - Nathalie Boisseau
- Laboratory of Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise under Physiological and Pathological Conditions (AME2P), Université Clermont Auvergne, EA 3533, Clermont-Ferrand, 63171, France.,CRNH - Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes (CNRH-AURA), Clermont-Ferrand, 63000, France
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Beer NJ, Dimmock JA, Jackson B, Guelfi KJ. Exercise-related factors that influence post-exercise energy intake: A psychological perspective. J Sci Med Sport 2020; 23:1068-1073. [PMID: 32546435 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2020.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Exercise confers numerous health benefits; however, unhealthy, or excessive food and drink consumption post-exercise may counteract at least some of these benefits. There is emerging evidence that certain exercise-related factors, including the psychological experiences associated with different forms of exercise motivation, may influence post-exercise energy intake. Questions remain, though, about the optimal exercise characteristics that may reduce overconsumption of food/drink post-exercise. DESIGN Narrative review. METHODS In this narrative review, we overview the developing body of literature linking the psychological experiences in exercise with subsequent energy intake, focusing first on the relationship between exercise motivation and food consumption, and then on practical strategies which may be utilised to promote healthier post-exercise food choices. RESULTS Preliminary evidence suggests that psychological experiences associated with high-quality autonomous motivation for exercise may reduce subsequent energy intake. Exercise factors (both psychological and physiological in nature) that have been shown to influence post-exercise energy consumption may interact, resulting in synergistic or antagonistic effects on subsequent food and drink consumption, through mechanisms which have not been considered previously. CONCLUSIONS Exercise experiences may be shaped to promote healthier subsequent eating behaviours and future work is encouraged to enable researchers to identify combinations of exercise conditions and experiences that have the strongest influence on post-exercise food and drink consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalya J Beer
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, Australia.
| | - James A Dimmock
- Department of Psychology, College of Healthcare Sciences, James Cook University, Australia
| | - Ben Jackson
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, Australia
| | - Kym J Guelfi
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, Australia
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Liu J, Zhu L, Su Y. Comparative Effectiveness of High-Intensity Interval Training and Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training for Cardiometabolic Risk Factors and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Childhood Obesity: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Front Physiol 2020; 11:214. [PMID: 32308627 PMCID: PMC7145974 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The main objective of this meta-analysis was to compare the effectiveness of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and of moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on cardiometabolic health in childhood obesity and determine whether HIIT is a superior form of training in managing obese children's metabolic health. Methods: Relevant studies published in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, the Cochrane Library, EBSCO, and CNKI were searched, restricted to those published from inception to 1 October 2019. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) depicting the effect of HIIT on childhood obesity were included. Results: Nine RCTs involving 309 participants were included in the meta-analysis. Among the 309 participants, 158 subjects were randomized for HIIT, while the others were randomized for MICT. Significant differences were observed in the body weight (mean difference [MD] = −5.45 kg, p = 0.001), body mass index (BMI; MD = −1.661 kg/m2, p = 0.0001), systolic blood pressure (SBP; MD = −3.994 mmHg, p = 0.003), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP; MD = −3.087 mmHg, p = 0.0001) in the HIIT group relative to the baseline values. Similar effects were found in the MICT group, as depicted by the significantly decreased values for body weight (MD = −4.604 kg, p = 0.0001), BMI (MD = −2.366 kg/m2, p = 0.0001), SBP (MD = −3.089 mmHg, p = 0.019), and DBP (MD = −3.087 mmHg, p = 0.0001). However, no significant differences were observed in the changes in body weight, BMI, SBP, or DBP between the HIIT and MICT groups. Furthermore, our studies showed that both HIIT and MICT could significantly improve VO2peak (HIIT, MD = 4.17 ml/kg/min, 95% CI: 3.191 to 5.163, p = 0.0001; MICT, MD = 1.704 ml/kg/min, 95% CI: 0.279 to 3.130, p = 0.019). HIIT also showed more positive effects on VO2peak (SMD = 0.468, 95% CI: 0.040 to 0.897, p = 0.006) than MICT. Conclusion: HIIT positively affects the cardiometabolic risk factors in childhood obesity. Similar positive effects on body composition and blood pressure were established. Moreover, HIIT can improve cardiorespiratory fitness more significantly than MICT. These findings indicate that HIIT may be an alternative and effective training method for managing childhood obesity. PROSPERO Registration Number: CRD42018111308.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxin Liu
- Research Center for Physical Fitness and Health Promotion of Adolescent, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Research Center for Physical Fitness and Health Promotion of Adolescent, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Su
- College of Physical Education, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, China
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Is It Time to Rethink Our Weight Loss Paradigms? BIOLOGY 2020; 9:biology9040070. [PMID: 32252392 PMCID: PMC7235705 DOI: 10.3390/biology9040070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Strategies aiming to promote weight loss usually include anything that results in an increase in energy expenditure (exercise) or a decrease in energy intake (diet). However, the probability of losing weight is low and the probability of sustained weight loss is even lower. Herein, we bring some questions and suggestions about the topic, with a focus on exercise interventions. Based on the current evidence, we should look at how metabolism changes in response to interventions instead of counting calories, so we can choose more efficient models that can account for the complexity of human organisms. In this regard, high-intensity training might be particularly interesting as a strategy to promote fat loss since it seems to promote many physiological changes that might favor long-term weight loss. However, it is important to recognize the controversy of the results regarding interval training (IT), which might be explained by the large variations in its application. For this reason, we have to be more judicious about how exercise is planned and performed and some factors, like supervision, might be important for the results. The intensity of exercise seems to modulate not only how many calories are expended after exercise, but also where they came from. Instead of only estimating the number of calories ingested and expended, it seems that we have to act positively in order to create an adequate environment for promoting healthy and sustainable weight loss.
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Metcalfe RS, Atef H, Mackintosh K, McNarry M, Ryde G, Hill DM, Vollaard NBJ. Time-efficient and computer-guided sprint interval exercise training for improving health in the workplace: a randomised mixed-methods feasibility study in office-based employees. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:313. [PMID: 32164631 PMCID: PMC7068982 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-8444-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The efficacy of high-intensity interval training (HIT) as a time-efficient exercise strategy for beneficially modifying risk factors for cardiovascular disease has repeatedly been demonstrated in controlled laboratory settings. However, the effectiveness of HIT in an unsupervised workplace setting has not been investigated. The objective of this study was to use mixed methods to investigate the feasibility, acceptability and effectiveness of a short-duration, high-intensity exercise intervention (REHIT) when applied unsupervised in a workplace setting. Methods Twenty-five office-workers (mean ± SD age: 47 ± 9 y, BMI: 27.5 ± 4.4 kg·m− 2, V̇O2max: 28 ± 7 mL·kg− 1·min− 1) completed a 6-week REHIT intervention unsupervised in their workplace (n = 13, 6 men), or acted as a no-intervention control (n = 12, 6 men). The intervention consisted of 2 sessions/week of low-intensity (~ 25 W) cycling interspersed with 2 ‘all-out’ sprints, increasing in duration from 10 to 20 s per sprint over the 6 weeks (total time-commitment: 8:40 min per session). V̇O2max was assessed pre- and post-training, whilst questionnaire-based measures of exercise enjoyment, self-efficacy, and acceptability were completed post-training. Eight participants also completed post-intervention semi-structured interviews. Results V̇O2max significantly improved in the exercise group (2.25 ± 0.75 L·min− 1 vs. 2.42 ± 0.82 L·min− 1; + 7.4%) compared to the control group (2.22 ± 0.72 L·min− 1 vs. 2.17 ± 0.74 L·min− 1; − 2.3%; time*intervention interaction effect: p < 0.01). Participants considered the REHIT intervention acceptable and enjoyable (PACES: 89 ± 17 out of 119) and were confident in their ability to continue to perform REHIT (7.8 ± 1.2 out of 9). Qualitative data revealed that REHIT offered a time-efficient opportunity to exercise, that was perceived as achievable, and which encouraged highly valued post-exercise outcomes (e.g. progress towards health/fitness benefits). Conclusions REHIT could be implemented as a feasible, effective and acceptable exercise intervention in a workplace setting, with a total time-commitment of < 20 min/week. Consideration of certain psycho-social factors and behaviour-change techniques may ensure adherence to the REHIT programme in the long term. Trial registration The study was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov on 07/05/2019 (registration: NCT03941145).
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard S Metcalfe
- Applied Sports Science, Technology, Exercise and Medicine Research Centre (A-STEM), Swansea University, Swansea, SA1 8EN, UK
| | - Hady Atef
- Department of Physical Therapy for Internal Medicine, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.,Faculty of Health Sciences and Sport, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, UK
| | - Kelly Mackintosh
- Applied Sports Science, Technology, Exercise and Medicine Research Centre (A-STEM), Swansea University, Swansea, SA1 8EN, UK
| | - Melitta McNarry
- Applied Sports Science, Technology, Exercise and Medicine Research Centre (A-STEM), Swansea University, Swansea, SA1 8EN, UK
| | - Gemma Ryde
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Sport, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, UK
| | - Denise M Hill
- Applied Sports Science, Technology, Exercise and Medicine Research Centre (A-STEM), Swansea University, Swansea, SA1 8EN, UK
| | - Niels B J Vollaard
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Sport, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, UK.
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Roloff ZA, Dicks ND, Krynski LM, Hartman ME, Ekkekakis P, Pettitt RW. Ratings of affective valence closely track changes in oxygen uptake: Application to high-intensity interval exercise. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.peh.2020.100158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Jospe MR, Roy M, Brown RC, Haszard JJ, Meredith-Jones K, Fangupo LJ, Osborne H, Fleming EA, Taylor RW. Intermittent fasting, Paleolithic, or Mediterranean diets in the real world: exploratory secondary analyses of a weight-loss trial that included choice of diet and exercise. Am J Clin Nutr 2020; 111:503-514. [PMID: 31879752 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqz330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intermittent fasting (IF) and Paleolithic (Paleo) diets produce weight loss in controlled trials, but minimal evidence exists regarding long-term efficacy under free-living conditions without intense dietetic support. OBJECTIVES This exploratory, observational analysis examined adherence, dietary intake, weight loss, and metabolic outcomes in overweight adults who could choose to follow Mediterranean, IF, or Paleo diets, and standard exercise or high-intensity interval training (HIIT) programs, as part of a 12-mo randomized controlled trial investigating how different monitoring strategies influenced weight loss (control, daily self-weighing, hunger training, diet/exercise app, brief support). METHODS A total of 250 overweight [BMI (in kg/m2) ≥27] healthy adults attended an individualized dietary education session (30 min) relevant to their self-selected diet. Dietary intake (3-d weighed diet records), weight, body composition, blood pressure, physical activity (0, 6, and 12 mo), and blood indexes (0 and 12 mo) were assessed. Mean (95% CI) changes from baseline were estimated using regression models. No correction was made for multiple tests. RESULTS Although 54.4% chose IF, 27.2% Mediterranean, and 18.4% Paleo diets originally, only 54% (IF), 57% (Mediterranean), and 35% (Paleo) participants were still following their chosen diet at 12 mo (self-reported). At 12 mo, weight loss was -4.0 kg (95% CI: -5.1, -2.8 kg) in IF, -2.8 kg (-4.4, -1.2 kg) in Mediterranean, and -1.8 kg (-4.0, 0.5 kg) in Paleo participants. Sensitivity analyses showed that, due to substantial dropout, these may be overestimated by ≤1.2 kg, whereas diet adherence increased mean weight loss by 1.1, 1.8, and 0.3 kg, respectively. Reduced systolic blood pressure was observed with IF (-4.9 mm Hg; -7.2, -2.6 mm Hg) and Mediterranean (-5.9 mm Hg; -9.0, -2.7 mm Hg) diets, and reduced glycated hemoglobin with the Mediterranean diet (-0.8 mmol/mol; -1.2, -0.4 mmol/mol). However, the between-group differences in most outcomes were not significant and these comparisons may be confounded due to the nonrandomized design. CONCLUSIONS Small differences in metabolic outcomes were apparent in participants following self-selected diets without intensive ongoing dietary support, even though dietary adherence declined rapidly. However, results should be interpreted with caution given the exploratory nature of analyses. This trial was registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry as ACTRN12615000010594 at https://www.anzctr.org.au.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle R Jospe
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Melyssa Roy
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Rachel C Brown
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | | | | | - Louise J Fangupo
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Hamish Osborne
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | | | - Rachael W Taylor
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Jung ME, Locke SR, Bourne JE, Beauchamp MR, Lee T, Singer J, MacPherson M, Barry J, Jones C, Little JP. Cardiorespiratory fitness and accelerometer-determined physical activity following one year of free-living high-intensity interval training and moderate-intensity continuous training: a randomized trial. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2020; 17:25. [PMID: 32102667 PMCID: PMC7045584 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-020-00933-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Free-living adherence to high-intensity interval training (HIIT) has not been adequately tested. This randomized trial examined changes in cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and accelerometer-measured purposeful physical activity over 12 months of free-living HIIT versus moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT). Methods Ninety-nine previously low-active participants with overweight/obesity were randomly assigned to HIIT (n = 47) or MICT (n = 52). Both interventions were combined with evidence-based behaviour change counselling consisting of 7 sessions over 2 weeks. Individuals in HIIT were prescribed 10 X 1-min interval-based exercise 3 times per week (totalling 75 min) whereas individuals in MICT were prescribed 150 min of steady-state exercise per week (50 mins 3 times per week). Using a maximal cycling test to exhaustion with expired gas analyses, CRF was assessed at baseline and after 6 and 12 months of free-living exercise. Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity of 10+ minutes (MVPA10+) was assessed by 7-day accelerometry at baseline, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. Intention to treat analyses were conducted using linear mixed models. Results CRF was improved over the 12 months relative to baseline in both HIIT (+ 0.15 l/min, 95% CI 0.08 to 0.23) and MICT (+ 0.11 l/min, 95% CI 0.05 to 0.18). Both groups improved 12-month MVPA10+ above baseline (HIIT: + 36 min/week, 95% CI 17 to 54; MICT: + 69 min/week, 95% CI 49 to 89) with the increase being greater (by 33 min, 95% CI 6 to 60) in MICT (between group difference, P = 0.018). Conclusion Despite being prescribed twice as many minutes of exercise and accumulating significantly more purposeful exercise, CRF improvements were similar across 12 months of free-living HIIT and MICT in previously low-active individuals with overweight/obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Jung
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences Faculty of Health and Social Development, The University of British Columbia Okanagan, FHSD 3333 University Way ART360, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada.
| | - S R Locke
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences Faculty of Health and Social Development, The University of British Columbia Okanagan, FHSD 3333 University Way ART360, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada
| | | | - M R Beauchamp
- The University of British Columbia, Vancouver Campus, Vancouver, Canada
| | - T Lee
- The University of British Columbia, Vancouver Campus, Vancouver, Canada
| | - J Singer
- The University of British Columbia, Vancouver Campus, Vancouver, Canada
| | - M MacPherson
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences Faculty of Health and Social Development, The University of British Columbia Okanagan, FHSD 3333 University Way ART360, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - J Barry
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences Faculty of Health and Social Development, The University of British Columbia Okanagan, FHSD 3333 University Way ART360, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - C Jones
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences Faculty of Health and Social Development, The University of British Columbia Okanagan, FHSD 3333 University Way ART360, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - J P Little
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences Faculty of Health and Social Development, The University of British Columbia Okanagan, FHSD 3333 University Way ART360, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada
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Magalhães DM, Nunes-Silva A, Rocha GC, Vaz LN, de Faria MHS, Vieira ELM, Rocha NP, Simões e Silva AC. Two protocols of aerobic exercise modulate the counter-regulatory axis of the renin-angiotensin system. Heliyon 2020; 6:e03208. [PMID: 31989052 PMCID: PMC6970173 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is a dual system with two opposite arms: i) the classical one formed by the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), angiotensin (Ang) II and angiotensin type 1 (AT1) receptors; ii) the counter-regulatory arm consisting of ACE2, Ang-(1–7) and Mas receptor. Physical exercise can modulate this system, however, only animal studies have compared the effects of different intensity protocols on the RAS. No data with humans were provided. Therefore, we investigated the acute effect of two protocols of isowork aerobic exercise [High-Intensity Interval Exercise (HIIE) and Moderate-Intensity Continuous Exercise (MICE)] in plasma and urinary levels of RAS components in physically active men. Main methods The HIIE protocol included a 5-minute warm-up cycling at 60–70% of heart rate peak (HRp) intensity followed by 10 sets of 30 s above 90% with 1 min of recovery and 3 min of cool down. The MICE protocol was performed at a constant power corresponding to 60–70% of HRp and finalized at the same total work of HIIE. Blood and urine samples were collected before and after the protocols. Plasma and urinary levels of ACE, ACE2, Ang-(1–7) and Ang II were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunoassay. Key findings While the HIIE protocol significantly increased urinary levels of ACE and plasma levels of ACE2, the MICE protocol elevated urinary concentrations of ACE2 and of Ang-(1–7). A greater increase of urine concentrations of Ang-(1–7) occurred in the MICE if compared with the HIIE protocol. Significance Aerobic physical exercise acutely increases the activity of the counter-regulatory RAS axis, mostly the MICE protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Massote Magalhães
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investigação Médica (LIIM), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Av. Prof. Alfredo Balena, 190, Room 281, Belo Horizonte, Postal Code: 30130-100, MG, Brazil
| | - Albená Nunes-Silva
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Centro Desportivo da Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto (UFOP), Rua Dois, 110, Campus Universitário - Ginásio de Esportes, Ouro Preto, MG, Postal Code: 35400-000, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Carvalho Rocha
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investigação Médica (LIIM), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Av. Prof. Alfredo Balena, 190, Room 281, Belo Horizonte, Postal Code: 30130-100, MG, Brazil
| | - Lucas Neves Vaz
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investigação Médica (LIIM), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Av. Prof. Alfredo Balena, 190, Room 281, Belo Horizonte, Postal Code: 30130-100, MG, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Henrique Salviano de Faria
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investigação Médica (LIIM), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Av. Prof. Alfredo Balena, 190, Room 281, Belo Horizonte, Postal Code: 30130-100, MG, Brazil
| | - Erica Leandro Marciano Vieira
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investigação Médica (LIIM), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Av. Prof. Alfredo Balena, 190, Room 281, Belo Horizonte, Postal Code: 30130-100, MG, Brazil
| | - Natalia Pessoa Rocha
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investigação Médica (LIIM), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Av. Prof. Alfredo Balena, 190, Room 281, Belo Horizonte, Postal Code: 30130-100, MG, Brazil
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, USA
| | - Ana Cristina Simões e Silva
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investigação Médica (LIIM), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Av. Prof. Alfredo Balena, 190, Room 281, Belo Horizonte, Postal Code: 30130-100, MG, Brazil
- Corresponding author.
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Ahmadabadi F, Saghebjoo M, Huang CJ, Saffari I, Zardast M. The effects of high-intensity interval training and saffron aqueous extract supplementation on alterations of body weight and apoptotic indices in skeletal muscle of 4T1 breast cancer-bearing mice with cachexia. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2020; 45:555-563. [PMID: 31935119 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2019-0352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Exercise training and antioxidant supplementation may improve unintentional weight loss and programmed cell death associated with cancer cachexia. The aim of this study was to examine the alterations of body weight and apoptotic indices in skeletal muscle of 4T1 breast cancer-bearing mice with cachexia following 4 weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and saffron aqueous extract (SAE) supplementation. Female BALB/c mice following induction of breast cancer were divided into (i) controls, (ii) HIIT, (iii) SAE, (iv) HIIT+SAE, and (v) sham groups. Mice were euthanized and gastrocnemius muscle was collected after intervention. The control group elicited a significant weight reduction during third and fourth weeks of tumor injection, while other treatments such as HIIT and SAE, but not HIIT+SAE, showed that they counteracted this adverse event. Furthermore, HIIT and SAE treatments (not HIIT+SAE) demonstrated reduced caspase-3 and Bax levels compared with the control group. The level of Bcl-2 was elevated following both HIIT and SAE treatments compared with the control group. Finally, the ratio of Bcl-2 to Bax was significantly higher in both HIIT and SAE groups, but was lower in HIIT+SAE group compared with sham group. It is likely that either HIIT or SAE intervention alone (not HIIT+SAE) represents a readily applicable approach in the regulation of muscle wasting and apoptosis in cancer cachexia. Novelty HIIT is associated with a reduced risk of cancer-related muscle wasting. SAE enhances the improvement of muscle loss and apoptotic indices. Combination of HIIT and SAE does not improve cancer-related loss of muscle mass and mediate apoptotic activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fereshteh Ahmadabadi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran
| | - Marziyeh Saghebjoo
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran
| | - Chun-Jung Huang
- Exercise Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Exercise Science and Health Promotion, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
| | - Iman Saffari
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Zardast
- Department of Pathology, Birjand Atherosclerosis and Coronary Artery Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
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IANNETTA DANILO, INGLIS ERINCALAINE, MATTU ANMOLT, FONTANA FEDERICOY, POGLIAGHI SILVIA, KEIR DANIELA, MURIAS JUANM. A Critical Evaluation of Current Methods for Exercise Prescription in Women and Men. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2020; 52:466-473. [DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Frimpong E, Dafkin C, Donaldson J, Millen AME, Meiring RM. The effect of home-based low-volume, high-intensity interval training on cardiorespiratory fitness, body composition and cardiometabolic health in women of normal body mass and those with overweight or obesity: protocol for a randomized controlled trial. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2019; 11:39. [PMID: 31893126 PMCID: PMC6937640 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-019-0152-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background There is a high prevalence of women in South Africa with overweight and obesity which is associated with an increased risk of cardiometabolic disorders. Perceived barriers such as lack of time and motivation reduce engagement in beneficial activity behaviours for health. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is a time-efficient and effective way to improve cardiometabolic risk profile regardless of a loss in body mass or change in body composition. This randomized controlled trial aims to determine the effects on cardiorespiratory fitness, body composition and cardiometabolic health and feasibility of a home-based 14-week HIIT program in women with overweight/obesity or normal body mass. Methods One hundred and twenty women (18–40 years old) with a body mass index between 20 and 35 kg/m2, will be stratified according to their BMI (normal, BMI 20–24.9 kg/m2; or high BMI ≥25 kg/m2) and randomized into a HIIT exercising group (HIIT) or a non-exercising control group (CON). HIIT participants will perform exercises for 11 min/session six times per week for a period of 14 weeks. The 2 × 4 HIIT protocol will require a work phase of own-body weight exercise lasting 2 minutes (85% VO2peak), repeated four times and separated by a one-minute active rest phase (65% VO2peak). CON participants will be asked to maintain their normal habitual lifestyle. Outcomes of cardiorespiratory fitness, body composition, echocardiography, central blood pressure, arterial stiffness and biomarkers of cardiometabolic health will be measured before and after the 14-week intervention. Every 4 weeks during the intervention, an objective estimation of compliance to the study protocol will be assessed by measuring participant physical activity over 7 days using an Actigraph GT3X accelerometer. Discussion Supervised laboratory-based HIIT interventions are effective in improving cardiometabolic health. More pragmatic exercise protocols may however show to be successful for mitigating barriers to the engagement in physical activity and exercise resulting in positive benefits to health. Investigation into home-based HIIT regimens are important in women, where globally the rising trend of overweight and obesity overshadows that of men. The results from this study may therefore inform future research on effective exercise prescription for women’s health. Trial registration Pan African Clinical Trial Registry (www.pactr.org - id no: PACTR201806003434299), 6th June 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Frimpong
- 1Movement Physiology Research Laboratory, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Chloe Dafkin
- 1Movement Physiology Research Laboratory, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Janine Donaldson
- 2Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Laboratory, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Aletta Maria Esterhuyse Millen
- 3Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Rebecca Mary Meiring
- 1Movement Physiology Research Laboratory, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.,4Department of Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Auckland, Building 907-228, Suiter Street, Newmarket, Auckland, 1023 New Zealand
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Astorino TA, Clark A, De La Rosa A, De Revere JL. Enjoyment and affective responses to two regimes of high intensity interval training in inactive women with obesity. Eur J Sport Sci 2019; 19:1377-1385. [DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2019.1619840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Amy Clark
- Department of Kinesiology, CSU—San Marcos, San Marcos, CA, USA
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Batrakoulis A, Fatouros IG, Chatzinikolaou A, Draganidis D, Georgakouli K, Papanikolaou K, Deli CK, Tsimeas P, Avloniti A, Syrou N, Jamurtas AZ. Dose-response effects of high-intensity interval neuromuscular exercise training on weight loss, performance, health and quality of life in inactive obese adults: Study rationale, design and methods of the DoIT trial. Contemp Clin Trials Commun 2019; 15:100386. [PMID: 31193901 PMCID: PMC6543184 DOI: 10.1016/j.conctc.2019.100386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with high mortality and morbidity rates and low levels of quality of life among adults globally. It is critical to examine evidence-based practices for developing lifestyle behavioral changes such as physical movement and structured exercise training. The DoIT protocol, a high-intensity interval exercise training (HIIT) program, effectively reduces body mass, alters energy balance, and improves performance of obese adults with a high adherence rate. This study aims to determine the dose-response effects of the DoIT protocol on body composition, health, performance and quality of life in sedentary obese adults. This study will recruit 88 sedentary, obese males and females (BMI 25.0–34.9; 30–50 years) who will be randomly assigned to one of four groups: (i) control (n = 22), (ii) one session/week (n = 22), (iii) two sessions/week (n = 22) or (iv) three sessions/week (n = 22). DoIT will use a supervised, circuit-type (1–3 rounds), functional/neuromotor and progressive exercise program for 12 months. DoIT incorporates 8–12 multi-planar, fundamental and complex, whole body movements and uses bodyweight and alternative exercise modes as a resistance. DoIT utilizes prescribed work-to-rest ratios which will be varied every four weeks. Each session will last less than 30 min. DoIT will be implemented for a year and its effects on body mass and body composition, physical fitness, functional capacity, bone health, leptin, adiponectin, blood lipids, glycemic control, inflammation, oxidative stress and quality of life will be assessed. The outcomes of the proposed study will provide insight on optimal exercise prescription guidelines for such HIIT-type exercise protocols for overweight or obese individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexios Batrakoulis
- School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Thessaly, Karies, Trikala, 42100, Greece
| | - Ioannis G Fatouros
- School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Thessaly, Karies, Trikala, 42100, Greece
| | - Athanasios Chatzinikolaou
- School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Democritus University of Thrace, Komotini, 69100, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Draganidis
- School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Thessaly, Karies, Trikala, 42100, Greece
| | - Kalliopi Georgakouli
- School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Thessaly, Karies, Trikala, 42100, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Papanikolaou
- School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Thessaly, Karies, Trikala, 42100, Greece
| | - Charikleia K Deli
- School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Thessaly, Karies, Trikala, 42100, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Tsimeas
- School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Thessaly, Karies, Trikala, 42100, Greece
| | - Alexandra Avloniti
- School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Democritus University of Thrace, Komotini, 69100, Greece
| | - Niki Syrou
- School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Thessaly, Karies, Trikala, 42100, Greece
| | - Athanasios Z Jamurtas
- School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Thessaly, Karies, Trikala, 42100, Greece
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Quindry JC, Franklin BA, Chapman M, Humphrey R, Mathis S. Benefits and Risks of High-Intensity Interval Training in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease. Am J Cardiol 2019; 123:1370-1377. [PMID: 30732854 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2019.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation is integral to secondary prevention in patients with coronary artery disease. Recently, the effectiveness and "superiority" of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) is a purported time-saving alternative to "traditional" moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) in cardiac rehabilitation. The rationale for HIIT adoption is, however, not fully substantiated in the scientific literature. Established guidelines for exercise testing and training, when carefully adhered to, reduce the likelihood of triggering a cardiac event or inducing musculoskeletal injury. Clinicians should likewise consider patient risk stratification and introduce HIIT as an alternative to MICT only after patients exhibit stable and asymptomatic responses to vigorous exercise training. Although HIIT adherence appears comparable with MICT during outpatient rehabilitation, compliance drops dramatically for unsupervised exercise. Despite the enthusiasm surrounding HIIT, its main advantage over MICT appears to be short-term exercise performance outcomes and indices of vascular function. Regarding benefits to cardiovascular disease risk factor modification, management of vital signs, and measures of cardiac performance, current evidence indicates that HIIT does not outperform MICT. Long-term outcomes to HIIT are currently uncertain and logistical constraints to HIIT incorporation need additional clarification. Based on these limited findings, derived from facilities and clinicians at the forefront of cardiac rehabilitation, the routine adoption of HIIT should be viewed cautiously. In conclusion, the current review highlights numerous specific research directives that are needed before the safety and effectiveness of HIIT can be confirmed and widely adopted in patients with known or suspected coronary artery disease, especially in unsupervised, nonmedical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C Quindry
- Health and Human Performance, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana; International Heart Institute, St. Patrick's Hospital, Missoula, Montana.
| | - Barry A Franklin
- William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, Michigan; Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, Michigan
| | - Matthew Chapman
- International Heart Institute, St. Patrick's Hospital, Missoula, Montana
| | - Reed Humphrey
- College of Health Professions & Biomedical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana
| | - Susan Mathis
- International Heart Institute, St. Patrick's Hospital, Missoula, Montana
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Bourne JE, Little JP, Beauchamp MR, Barry J, Singer J, Jung ME. Brief Exercise Counseling and High-Intensity Interval Training on Physical Activity Adherence and Cardiometabolic Health in Individuals at Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Res Protoc 2019; 8:e11226. [PMID: 30912761 PMCID: PMC6454331 DOI: 10.2196/11226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Worldwide incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is rapidly increasing. Given the numerous negative health consequences associated with T2D, prevention of this disease has become a priority. Lifestyle changes, including regular exercise, can reduce the onset of T2D in those at elevated risk. However, long-term adherence to exercise is often poor in this population. Existing lifestyle interventions targeting exercise are labor intensive and costly for staff and participants. Evidence-informed counseling delivered in a manner that reduces dependence on staff and facilitates self-regulatory skills could alleviate time and financial barriers while promoting independent exercise. Objective This protocol outlines the design, recruitment, and proposed analysis of a brief, 2-week evidence-informed exercise counseling intervention combined with either high-intensity interval training (HIIT) or traditional moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT). Methods Small Steps for Big Changes is a 2-arm randomized controlled trial that will examine the effectiveness of combining brief exercise counseling with HIIT or MICT on adherence to moderate and vigorous exercise over 1 year. Cardiorespiratory fitness will be assessed at baseline, post intervention (2 weeks), and at 6- and 12-month follow-up. Physical activity behavior will be examined at baseline, post intervention, and 3-, 6-, 9-, and 12-month follow-up. The impact of the intervention on psychosocial outcomes pertinent to exercise adherence will be examined. Results Data collection was complete in March 2017. Data analysis is currently underway, and the first results are expected to be submitted for publication in 2019. Conclusions The results of this brief intervention have the potential to inform future public health efforts designed to increase exercise in individuals at risk of T2D. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02164474; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02164474 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/74Hx1ipj6) International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/11226
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica E Bourne
- Centre for Exercise, Nutrition and Health Sciences, School of Policy Studies, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan P Little
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Mark R Beauchamp
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Julianne Barry
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Joel Singer
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Mary E Jung
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
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