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Pizzuti V, Balducelli E, Nunzio MD, Conte D, Gessaroli E, Demetri M, Marrazzo P, Alviano F, Corradetti V, Maritati F, Manna GL, Comai G. Urine-derived renal epithelial cells isolated after kidney transplant are sensitive to neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin exposure during in vitro culture. Eur J Cell Biol 2024; 103:151442. [PMID: 38986342 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2024.151442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Urine-derived renal epithelial cells (URECs) are highly voided after kidney transplant and express typical kidney markers, including markers of kidney epithelial progenitor cells. Recently URECs have shown promising immunomodulatory properties when cultured with Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs), promoting an increase in the T regulatory cells. In vivo, kidney cells are highly exposed to damage associated molecules during both acute and chronic kidney injury. Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) is one of the most -known early marker of acute and chronic kidney damage. However, its role on the evolution of renal damage has not yet been fully described, nor has its impact on the characteristics of renal-derived cells during in vitro culture. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of NGAL on the characteristics of URECs isolated after kidney transplant, by exposing these cells to the treatment with NGAL during in vitro culture and evaluating its effect on UREC viability, proliferation, and immunomodulatory potential. The exposure of URECs to NGAL reduced their viability and proliferative capacity, promoting the onset of apoptosis. The immunomodulatory properties of URECs were partially inhibited by NGAL, without affecting the increase of Treg cells observed during UREC-PBMCs coculture. These results suggest that the exposure to NGAL may compromise some features of kidney stem and specialized cell types, reducing their viability, increasing apoptosis, and partially altering their immunomodulatory properties. Thus, NGAL could represent a target for approaches acting on its inhibition or reduction to improve functional recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Pizzuti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Emma Balducelli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Miriam Di Nunzio
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Renal Transplant Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna 40139, Italy
| | - Diletta Conte
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Elisa Gessaroli
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Renal Transplant Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna 40139, Italy
| | - Marcello Demetri
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Pasquale Marrazzo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Francesco Alviano
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Valeria Corradetti
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Renal Transplant Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna 40139, Italy
| | - Federica Maritati
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Renal Transplant Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna 40139, Italy
| | - Gaetano La Manna
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy; Nephrology, Dialysis and Renal Transplant Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna 40139, Italy.
| | - Giorgia Comai
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy; Nephrology, Dialysis and Renal Transplant Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna 40139, Italy
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Shacham Y. Combining biomarkers for the assessment of prognosis in acute coronary syndrome: More is not always better. IJC HEART & VASCULATURE 2024; 50:101346. [PMID: 38419612 PMCID: PMC10899729 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcha.2024.101346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Yacov Shacham
- Department of Cardiology, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center affiliated to the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
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3
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Liu K, Han B. Role of immune cells in the pathogenesis of myocarditis. J Leukoc Biol 2024; 115:253-275. [PMID: 37949833 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiad143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocarditis is an inflammatory heart disease that mostly affects young people. Myocarditis involves a complex immune network; however, its detailed pathogenesis is currently unclear. The diversity and plasticity of immune cells, either in the peripheral blood or in the heart, have been partially revealed in a number of previous studies involving patients and several kinds of animal models with myocarditis. It is the complexity of immune cells, rather than one cell type that is the culprit. Thus, recognizing the individual intricacies within immune cells in the context of myocarditis pathogenesis and finding the key intersection of the immune network may help in the diagnosis and treatment of this condition. With the vast amount of cell data gained on myocarditis and the recent application of single-cell sequencing, we summarize the multiple functions of currently recognized key immune cells in the pathogenesis of myocarditis to provide an immune background for subsequent investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyu Liu
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Cheeloo Colledge of Medicine, No. 324 Jingwu Road, 250021, Jinan, China
| | - Bo Han
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Cheeloo Colledge of Medicine, No. 324 Jingwu Road, 250021, Jinan, China
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, No. 324 Jingwu Road, 250021, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Children' s Health and Disease office, No. 324 Jingwu Road, 250021, Jinan, China
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Ziv-Baran T, Frydman S, Khoury S, Itach T, Banai S, Shacham Y. Predictive value of elevated neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin levels for assessment of in-hospital adverse outcomes among myocardial infarction patients. Coron Artery Dis 2023; 34:389-394. [PMID: 37335220 DOI: 10.1097/mca.0000000000001261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory biomarkers are known to rise and have predictive value for adverse outcomes in patients with acute coronary ischemia. One of those biomarkers is neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL). To date, only very few studies have assessed the prognostic value of NGAL in this setting. We investigated the prognostic utility of elevated NGAL levels on clinical outcomes among ST-elevation myocardial infarction patients. METHODS High NGAL was defined as values within the 4th quartile. Patients were assessed for major in-hospital adverse clinical events (MACE). Multivariable logistic regression and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) were used to further evaluate NGAL association for MACE and discrimination ability. RESULTS A total of 273 patients were included. patients with high NGAL were at increased risk for MACE (62% vs. 19%; odds ratio 6.88, 95% confidence interval, 3.77-12.54, P < 0.001). After propensity score matching, the incidence of MACE was significantly higher in patients with high vs. low NGAL levels (69% vs. 6%, P = 0.002). In multivariable regression, high NGAL level was independently associated with MACE. The discrimination ability of NGAL to identify MACE (AUC 0.823), is significantly better than that of other inflammatory markers. CONCLUSION Among ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention, high NGAL levels are associated with adverse outcomes, independent of traditional inflammatory markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomer Ziv-Baran
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine
| | - Shir Frydman
- Internal Medicine Department B, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center affiliated to the Sackler Faculty of Medicine
| | - Shafik Khoury
- Department of Cardiology, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center affiliated to the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Tamar Itach
- Department of Cardiology, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center affiliated to the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shmuel Banai
- Department of Cardiology, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center affiliated to the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yacov Shacham
- Department of Cardiology, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center affiliated to the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Romejko K, Markowska M, Niemczyk S. The Review of Current Knowledge on Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin (NGAL). Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10470. [PMID: 37445650 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) is a 25-kDa protein that is secreted mostly by immune cells such as neutrophils, macrophages, and dendritic cells. Its production is stimulated in response to inflammation. The concentrations of NGAL can be measured in plasma, urine, and biological fluids such as peritoneal effluent. NGAL is known mainly as a biomarker of acute kidney injury and is released after tubular damage and during renal regeneration processes. NGAL is also elevated in chronic kidney disease and dialysis patients. It may play a role as a predictor of the progression of renal function decreases with complications and mortality due to kidney failure. NGAL is also useful in the diagnostic processes of cardiovascular diseases. It is highly expressed in injured heart tissue and atherosclerostic plaque; its serum concentrations correlate with the severity of heart failure and coronary artery disease. NGAL increases inflammatory states and its levels rise in arterial hypertension, obesity, diabetes, and metabolic complications such as insulin resistance, and is also involved in carcinogenesis. In this review, we present the current knowledge on NGAL and its involvement in different pathologies, especially its role in renal and cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Romejko
- Department of Internal Diseases, Nephrology and Dialysis, Military Institute of Medicine-National Research Institute, 128 Szaserów Street, 04-141 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Markowska
- Department of Internal Diseases, Nephrology and Dialysis, Military Institute of Medicine-National Research Institute, 128 Szaserów Street, 04-141 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Stanisław Niemczyk
- Department of Internal Diseases, Nephrology and Dialysis, Military Institute of Medicine-National Research Institute, 128 Szaserów Street, 04-141 Warsaw, Poland
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Interleukin 18, soluble cluster of differentiation 40, platelet factor 4 variant 1, and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin can be used as biomarkers to aid activity and diagnosis in ocular Behçet's disease. Int Ophthalmol 2022; 42:3321-3331. [PMID: 35622217 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-022-02331-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The molecules human interleukin (IL-18), the soluble cluster of differentiation (sCD40), platelet factor 4 variant 1 (PF4V1), and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) are all markers of inflammation in biological systems and are linked to prognosis in several inflammatory diseases as well. Since there is no study in which the above-mentioned molecules are studied together in ocular Behçet's disease (OBD), the aim of this study is to reveal whether these molecules are activity markers in active (OABD) and inactive (OIBD) disease. METHODS 30 OABD and 30 OIBD and 30 healthy individuals were included in the study. IL-18, sCD40, PF4V1, and NGAL molecules were studied in blood samples by the ELISA method. RESULTS When OABD and OIBD were compared to healthy individuals, the levels of IL-18, sCD40, PF4V1, and NGAL molecules were found to be statistically significant. These values were even more significantly higher in patients with OABD. CONCLUSION When ROC values of IL-18, sCD40, PF4V1, and NGAL are evaluated, it is clear that these four molecules can be used as biomarkers to aid activity and diagnosis in OBD.
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Zahler D, Merdler I, Banai A, Shusterman E, Feder O, Itach T, Robb L, Banai S, Shacham Y. Predictive Value of Elevated Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin (NGAL) Levels for Assessment of Cardio-Renal Interactions among ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Patients. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11082162. [PMID: 35456255 PMCID: PMC9025419 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11082162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Elevated serum neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) levels reflect both inflammatory reactions and renal tubular injury. Recently, associations with endothelial dysfunction and plaque instability were also proposed. We investigated the prognostic utility of elevated NGAL levels for renal and clinical outcomes among ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients treated with primary coronary intervention (PCI). Methods: We performed a prospective, observational, open-label trial. High NGAL was defined as values within the third tertile (>66 percentile). Results: A total of 267 patients were included (mean age 66 ± 14 years, 81% males). Short-term adverse outcomes were consistently increased in the high NGAL group with more acute kidney injury, lower mean left ventricular ejection fraction, higher 30-day mortality, and higher incidence for the composite outcome of major adverse cardiac events (MACE). In a multivariate logistic regression model, high NGAL emerged as a strong and independent predictor for MACE (OR 2.07, 95% CI 1.15−3.73, p = 0.014). Conclusions: Among STEMI patients undergoing primary PCI, elevated NGAL levels are associated with adverse renal and cardiovascular outcomes, independent of traditional inflammatory markers. Further studies are needed to assess the potentially unique role of NGAL in cardio−renal interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Zahler
- Department of Cardiology, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center Affiliated to the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 64239, Israel; (D.Z.); (I.M.); (A.B.); (T.I.); (L.R.); (S.B.)
| | - Ilan Merdler
- Department of Cardiology, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center Affiliated to the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 64239, Israel; (D.Z.); (I.M.); (A.B.); (T.I.); (L.R.); (S.B.)
| | - Ariel Banai
- Department of Cardiology, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center Affiliated to the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 64239, Israel; (D.Z.); (I.M.); (A.B.); (T.I.); (L.R.); (S.B.)
| | - Eden Shusterman
- Internal Medicine Department H, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center Affiliated to the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 64239, Israel; (E.S.); (O.F.)
| | - Omri Feder
- Internal Medicine Department H, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center Affiliated to the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 64239, Israel; (E.S.); (O.F.)
| | - Tamar Itach
- Department of Cardiology, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center Affiliated to the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 64239, Israel; (D.Z.); (I.M.); (A.B.); (T.I.); (L.R.); (S.B.)
| | - Leemor Robb
- Department of Cardiology, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center Affiliated to the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 64239, Israel; (D.Z.); (I.M.); (A.B.); (T.I.); (L.R.); (S.B.)
| | - Shmuel Banai
- Department of Cardiology, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center Affiliated to the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 64239, Israel; (D.Z.); (I.M.); (A.B.); (T.I.); (L.R.); (S.B.)
| | - Yacov Shacham
- Department of Cardiology, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center Affiliated to the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 64239, Israel; (D.Z.); (I.M.); (A.B.); (T.I.); (L.R.); (S.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +972-3-6973222 or +972-52-4262101
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Zhang N, Aiyasiding X, Li WJ, Liao HH, Tang QZ. Neutrophil degranulation and myocardial infarction. Cell Commun Signal 2022; 20:50. [PMID: 35410418 PMCID: PMC8996539 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-022-00824-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is one of the most common cardiac emergencies with high morbidity and is a leading cause of death worldwide. Since MI could develop into a life-threatening emergency and could also seriously affect the life quality of patients, continuous efforts have been made to create an effective strategy to prevent the occurrence of MI and reduce MI-related mortality. Numerous studies have confirmed that neutrophils play important roles in inflammation and innate immunity, which provide the first line of defense against microorganisms by producing inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, releasing reactive oxygen species, and degranulating components of neutrophil cytoplasmic granules to kill pathogens. Recently, researchers reported that neutrophils are closely related to the severity and prognosis of patients with MI, and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio in post-MI patients had predictive value for major adverse cardiac events. Neutrophils have been increasingly recognized to exert important functions in MI. Especially, granule proteins released by neutrophil degranulation after neutrophil activation have been suggested to involve in the process of MI. This article reviewed the current research progress of neutrophil granules in MI and discusses neutrophil degranulation associated diagnosis and treatment strategies. Video abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiahenazi Aiyasiding
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Jing Li
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Han Liao
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China. .,Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China. .,Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qi-Zhu Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China. .,Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China. .,Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China.
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Kumfu S, Chattipakorn SC, Chattipakorn N. Iron overload cardiomyopathy: Using the latest evidence to inform future applications. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2022; 247:574-583. [PMID: 35130741 DOI: 10.1177/15353702221076397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron overload can be the result of either dysregulated iron metabolism in the case of hereditary hemochromatosis or repeated blood transfusions in the case of secondary hemochromatosis (e.g. in β-thalassemia and sickle cell anemia patients). Under iron overload conditions, transferrin (Tf) saturation leads to an increase in non-Tf bound iron which can result in the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). These excess ROS can damage cellular components, resulting in the dysfunction of vital organs including iron overload cardiomyopathy (IOC). Multiple studies have demonstrated that L-type and T-type calcium channels are the main routes for iron uptake in the heart, and that calcium channel blockers, given either individually or in combination with standard iron chelators, confer cardioprotective effects under iron overload conditions. Treatment with antioxidants may also provide therapeutic benefits. Interestingly, recent studies have suggested that mitochondrial dynamics and regulated cell death (RCD) pathways are potential targets for pharmacological interventions against iron-induced cardiomyocyte injury. In this review, the potential therapeutic roles of iron chelators, antioxidants, iron uptake/metabolism modulators, mitochondrial dynamics modulators, and inhibitors of RCD pathways in IOC are summarized and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirinart Kumfu
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.,Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Siriporn C Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.,Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
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10
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Ponzetti M, Ucci A, Maurizi A, Giacchi L, Teti A, Rucci N. Lipocalin 2 Influences Bone and Muscle Phenotype in the MDX Mouse Model of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020958. [PMID: 35055145 PMCID: PMC8780970 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipocalin 2 (Lcn2) is an adipokine involved in bone and energy metabolism. Its serum levels correlate with bone mechanical unloading and inflammation, two conditions representing hallmarks of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD). Therefore, we investigated the role of Lcn2 in bone loss induced by muscle failure in the MDX mouse model of DMD. We found increased Lcn2 serum levels in MDX mice at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months of age. Consistently, Lcn2 mRNA was higher in MDX versus WT muscles. Immunohistochemistry showed Lcn2 expression in mononuclear cells between muscle fibres and in muscle fibres, thus confirming the gene expression results. We then ablated Lcn2 in MDX mice, breeding them with Lcn2−/− mice (MDXxLcn2−/−), resulting in a higher percentage of trabecular volume/total tissue volume compared to MDX mice, likely due to reduced bone resorption. Moreover, MDXxLcn2−/− mice presented with higher grip strength, increased intact muscle fibres, and reduced serum creatine kinase levels compared to MDX. Consistently, blocking Lcn2 by treating 2-month-old MDX mice with an anti-Lcn2 monoclonal antibody (Lcn2Ab) increased trabecular volume, while reducing osteoclast surface/bone surface compared to MDX mice treated with irrelevant IgG. Grip force was also increased, and diaphragm fibrosis was reduced by the Lcn2Ab. These results suggest that Lcn2 could be a possible therapeutic target to treat DMD-induced bone loss.
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11
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Sahu A, Goel P, Khanna R, Kumar S, Kapoor A, Tewari S, Garg N. Neutrophil gelatinase–associated lipocalin as a marker for contrast-induced nephropathy in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: A prospective observational analysis. Indian J Nephrol 2022; 32:247-255. [PMID: 35814328 PMCID: PMC9267084 DOI: 10.4103/ijn.ijn_418_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Incidence of contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) post percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) varies between 5% and 20%. Neutrophil gelatinase–associated lipocalin (NGAL) is a sensitive marker for acute kidney injury. Data regarding the predictive accuracy of NGAL in Indian patients undergoing PCI is sparse. Methods: A total of 212 consecutive “all-comer” patients, undergoing PCI from March 2015 to April 2016 were recruited in this single-center observational study. Plasma NGAL levels were measured at 4 hours post PCI using commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Triage® Alere™, San Diego, CA, USA). Results: Twenty-five (11.8%) patients developed CIN. The 4-hour post-PCI plasma NGAL levels were significantly higher in patients with CIN than without (400.6 ± 269.3 ng/mL vs. 109.8 ± 68.0 ng/mL, P < 0.0001). Patients developing CIN had higher age, low estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and higher contrast volume usage during PCI. After adjusting for confounding factors, diabetes mellitus (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 3.04; P = 0.039; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.06–8.73), hypotension at presentation (AOR 24.84; P < 0.0001; 95% CI: 4.65–132.83), and multi-staged PCI (AOR 13.45; P < 0.0001; 95% CI: 4.54–39.79) were found to independently predict the development of CIN. NGAL levels significantly correlated with age (r = 0.149, P = 0.031), eGFR (r = −0.385, P < 0.0001), hemoglobin (r = −0.214, P = 0.002), contrast volume (r = 0.185, P = 0.007), and 48-hour post-PCI serum creatinine levels (r = 0.334, P < 0.0001). At a cutoff of 256.5 ng/mL, plasma NGAL had a sensitivity of 68% and a specificity of 95.2% (area under the curve = 0.878; P < 0.0001; 95% CI: 0.801–0.955) to predict the occurrence of CIN. Conclusions: Plasma NGAL is an early and highly predictive biomarker of CIN in patients undergoing PCI. Patients having diabetes, hypotension at presentation and those undergoing second-stage procedures are at a high risk of developing CIN after PCI.
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12
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Ponzetti M, Aielli F, Ucci A, Cappariello A, Lombardi G, Teti A, Rucci N. Lipocalin 2 increases after high-intensity exercise in humans and influences muscle gene expression and differentiation in mice. J Cell Physiol 2021; 237:551-565. [PMID: 34224151 PMCID: PMC9291458 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Lipocalin 2 (LCN2) is an adipokine that accomplishes several functions in diverse organs. However, its importance in muscle and physical exercise is currently unknown. We observed that following acute high‐intensity exercise (“Gran Sasso d'Italia” vertical run), LCN2 serum levels were increased. The Wnt pathway antagonist, DKK1, was also increased after the run, positively correlating with LCN2, and the same was found for the cytokine Interleukin 6. We, therefore, investigated the involvement of LCN2 in muscle physiology employing an Lcn2 global knockout (Lcn2−/−) mouse model. Lcn2−/− mice presented with smaller muscle fibres but normal muscle performance (grip strength metre) and muscle weight. At variance with wild type (WT) mice, the inflammatory cytokine Interleukin 6 was undetectable in Lcn2−/− mice at all ages. Intriguingly, Lcn2−/− mice did not lose gastrocnemius and quadriceps muscle mass and muscle performance following hindlimb suspension, while at variance with WT, they lose soleus muscle mass. In vitro, LCN2 treatment reduced the myogenic differentiation of C2C12 and primary mouse myoblasts and influenced their gene expression. Treating myoblasts with LCN2 reduced myogenesis, suggesting that LCN2 may negatively affect muscle physiology when upregulated following high‐intensity exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Ponzetti
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Federica Aielli
- Medical Oncology Department, Giuseppe Mazzini Hospital, Teramo, Italy
| | - Argia Ucci
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Alfredo Cappariello
- Research Laboratories, Department of Onco-haematology, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Lombardi
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy.,Department of Athletics, Strength and Conditioning, Poznań University of Physical Education, Poznań, Poland
| | - Anna Teti
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Nadia Rucci
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
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Kumfu S, Siri-Angkul N, Chattipakorn SC, Chattipakorn N. Silencing of lipocalin-2 improves cardiomyocyte viability under iron overload conditions via decreasing mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:5108-5120. [PMID: 33319934 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the mechanistic roles of LCN-2 and LCN-2 receptors (LCN-2R) as iron transporters in cardiomyocytes under iron overload condition. H9c2 cardiomyocytes were treated with either LCN-2 small interfering RNA (siRNA) or LCN-2R siRNA or L-type or T-type calcium channel (LTCC or TTCC) blockers, or iron chelator deferiprone (DFP). After the treatments, the cells were exposed to Fe3+ or Fe2+ , after that biological parameters were determined. Silencing of lipocalin-2 or its receptor improved cardiomyocyte viability via decreasing iron uptake, mitochondrial fission, mitophagy and cleaved caspase-3 only in the Fe3+ overload condition. In contrast, treatments with LTCC blocker and TTCC blocker showed beneficial effects on those parameters only in conditions of Fe2+ overload. Treatment with DFP has been shown beneficial effects both in Fe2+ and Fe3+ overload condition. All of these findings suggested that LTCC and TTCC play crucial roles in the Fe2+ uptake, whereas LCN-2 and LCN-2R were essential for Fe3+ uptake into the cardiomyocytes under iron overload conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirinart Kumfu
- Faculty of Medicine, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Natthaphat Siri-Angkul
- Faculty of Medicine, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Siriporn C Chattipakorn
- Faculty of Medicine, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Faculty of Medicine, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Li C, Zhang Z, Peng Y, Gao H, Wang Y, Zhao J, Pan C. Plasma neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin levels are associated with the presence and severity of coronary heart disease. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0220841. [PMID: 31387110 PMCID: PMC6684288 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to compare the levels of plasma neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and interleukin (IL)-1β across different clinical presentations of coronary artery disease and to evaluate the relationship between those biomarkers and the severity of coronary artery lesions in patients without kidney disease. METHODS We examined 365 eligible patients who underwent coronary angiography. A total of 124 ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients, 117 stable angina pectoris (SAP) patients and 124 patients without atherosclerotic plaques were enrolled in the study. Plasma NGAL, MMP-9, hs-CRP, and IL-1β were measured in all patients using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. According to the SYNTAX score, the STEMI patients and SAP patients were divided into another set of 2 groups: a high score group (≥ 33, n = 29) and a low score group (<33, n = 212). The relationship between those biomarkers and the severity of coronary stenosis was examined by Spearman correlation analysis; the ability for NGAL to discriminate severe coronary stenosis was examined by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve; the influencing factors for the SYNTAX score were determined by logistic regression analysis. RESULTS Plasma NGAL, MMP-9, and hs-CRP levels in STEMI patients were higher than in the SAP patients and control subjects (P<0.05, respectively), and plasma NGAL and hs-CRP levels were significantly higher in the SAP patients than in control subjects (P<0.05, respectively), while plasma IL-1β was similar among the 3 groups (P>0.05, respectively). The SYNTAX score was positively related to NGAL (r = 0.363, P<0.001), MMP-9 (r = 0.377, P<0.001), and hs-CRP (r = 0.163, P<0.011); the SYNTAX score was not related to IL-1β (r = -0.043, P = 0.510). Plasma NGAL was positively related to MMP-9 (r = 0.601, P<0.001) and IL-1β (r = 0.159, P = 0.014). The area under the ROC curve for NGAL discriminating severe coronary stenosis was 0.838 (95% CI: 0.752-0.923, P<0.001), which was greater than that for MMP-9 [0.818, (95% CI: 0.724-0.912, P<0.001)], IL-1β [0.485, (95% CI: 0.369-0.601, P = 0.791)], and hs-CRP [0.607, (95% CI: 0.492-0.722, P = 0.061)]. Multivariate regression analysis showed that plasma NGAL levels were independently related to high SYNTAX scores [OR = 1.109, (95% CI: 1.104-1.114), P<0.001]. CONCLUSION Plasma NGAL, MMP-9, and hs-CRP levels in STEMI patients were higher than those in the SAP patients and control subjects. NGAL had a better ability to discriminate severe coronary stenosis than MMP-9, IL-1β, and hs-CRP. NGAL may be a novel biomarker to aid in risk stratification in coronary heart disease patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- The First Clinical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Yu Peng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Hanxiang Gao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yongxiang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Chenliang Pan
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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Elie AGIM, Bloksgaard M, Sun WY, Yang K, Man AWC, Xu A, Irmukhamedov A, Riber LP, Wang Y, De Mey JGR. Local enrichment of fatty acid-binding protein 4 in the pericardial cavity of cardiovascular disease patients. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0206802. [PMID: 30395653 PMCID: PMC6218069 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pericardial fluid may be representative of the interstitium of the heart. The aim of this study was to discriminate in cardiovascular disease patients between adipocytokines that are produced locally by the heart and those supplied by the circulation. METHODS Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) were used to determine levels of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-pBNP), fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4), leptin, lipocalin-2, neutrophil elastase, proteinase-3, high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and adiponectin in venous plasma and pericardial fluid harvested during elective cardio-thoracic surgery (n = 132-152). RESULTS In pericardial fluid compared to plasma, the levels were significantly smaller (p < 0.001) for leptin, lipocalin-2, neutrophil elastase, proteinase-3, hsCRP and adiponectin. For these biomarkers, the ratio of pericardial fluid-to-plasma level ([PF]/[P], median (interquartile range)) was 0.65 (0.47-1.01), 0.78 (0.56-1.09), 0.23 (0.11-0.60), 0.17 (0.09-0.36), 0.14 (0.08-0.35), and 0.25 (0.15-0.34), respectively. In contrast, pericardial fluid was significantly enriched (p < 0.001) in NT-pBNP ([PF]/[P]: 1.9 (1.06-2.73)) and even more so for FABP4 ([PF]/[P]: 3.90 (1.47-9.77)). Moreover, in pericardial fluid, the adipocytokines interrelated all significantly positive and correlated negative to hsCRP, whereas for NT-pBNP only a significantly positive correlation with adiponectin was found. These interrelations were distinct from those in the plasma, as were the correlations of the pericardial biomarkers with patient characteristics compared to plasma. CONCLUSIONS In cardiovascular disease patients, the pericardial cavity is a distinct adipocytokine microenvironment in which especially FABP4 is mainly derived from the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atlanta G. I. M. Elie
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Maria Bloksgaard
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Wai Y. Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kangmin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Andy W. C. Man
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Aimin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Akhmadjon Irmukhamedov
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Odense University Hospital, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Lars P. Riber
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Odense University Hospital, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jo G. R. De Mey
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Odense University Hospital, Odense C, Denmark
- * E-mail:
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Plasma neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin and risk of cardiovascular disease: Findings from the PREVEND prospective cohort study. Clin Chim Acta 2018; 486:66-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2018.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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17
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Liu F, Li N, Yang W, Wang R, Yu J, Wang X. The expression analysis of NGAL and NGALR in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Gene 2018; 676:269-278. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.08.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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18
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More than a simple biomarker: the role of NGAL in cardiovascular and renal diseases. Clin Sci (Lond) 2018; 132:909-923. [PMID: 29739822 DOI: 10.1042/cs20171592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) is a small circulating protein that is highly modulated in a wide variety of pathological situations, making it a useful biomarker of various disease states. It is one of the best markers of acute kidney injury, as it is rapidly released after tubular damage. However, a growing body of evidence highlights an important role for NGAL beyond that of a biomarker of renal dysfunction. Indeed, numerous studies have demonstrated a role for NGAL in both cardiovascular and renal diseases. In the present review, we summarize current knowledge concerning the involvement of NGAL in cardiovascular and renal diseases and discuss the various mechanisms underlying its pathological implications.
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von Jeinsen B, Kraus D, Palapies L, Tzikas S, Zeller T, Schauer A, Drechsler C, Bickel C, Baldus S, Lackner KJ, Münzel T, Blankenberg S, Zeiher AM, Keller T. Urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin and cystatin C compared to the estimated glomerular filtration rate to predict risk in patients with suspected acute myocardial infarction. Int J Cardiol 2017; 245:6-12. [PMID: 28778467 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2017.07.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Impaired renal function, reflected by estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) or cystatin C, is a strong risk predictor in the presence of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (uNGAL) is an early marker of acute kidney injury. uNGAL might also be a good predictor of outcome in patients with cardiovascular disease. Aim of the present study was to evaluate the prognostic value of uNGAL compared to eGFR and cystatin C in patients with suspected AMI. METHODS 1818 patients were enrolled with suspected AMI. Follow-up information on the combined endpoint of death or non-fatal myocardial infarction was obtained 6months after enrolment and was available in 1804 patients. 63 events (3.5%) were registered. RESULTS While cystatin C and eGFR were strong risk predictors for the primary endpoint even adjusted for several variables, uNGAL was not independently associated with outcome: When applied continuously uNGAL was associated with outcome but did not remain a statistically significant predictor after several adjustments (i.e. eGFR). By adding cystatin C or uNGAL to GRACE risk score variables, only cystatin C could improve the predictive value while uNGAL showed no improvement. CONCLUSION We could show that cystatin C is an independent risk predictor in patients with suspected AMI and cystatin C can add improvement to the commonly used GRACE risk score. In contrast uNGAL is not independently associated with outcome and seems not to add further prognostic information to GRACE risk score.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice von Jeinsen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Goethe University Frankfurt, Germany; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site RheinMain, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Daniel Kraus
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Würzburg, Germany
| | - Lars Palapies
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Goethe University Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Stergios Tzikas
- 3rd Department of Cardiology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ιppokrateio Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece; Department of Internal Medicine II, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Tanja Zeller
- Clinic for General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg, Germany; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anne Schauer
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Christoph Bickel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Federal Armed Forces Hospital, Koblenz, Germany
| | - Stephan Baldus
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Karl J Lackner
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Münzel
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Stefan Blankenberg
- Clinic for General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg, Germany; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas M Zeiher
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Goethe University Frankfurt, Germany; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site RheinMain, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Till Keller
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Goethe University Frankfurt, Germany; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site RheinMain, Frankfurt, Germany; Kerckhoff Heart and Thorax Center, Department of Cardiology, Bad Nauheim, Germany.
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Hogendorf P, Durczyński A, Skulimowski A, Kumor A, Poznańska G, Strzelczyk J. Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin (NGAL) concentration in urine is superior to CA19-9 and Ca 125 in differentiation of pancreatic mass: Preliminary report. Cancer Biomark 2017; 16:537-43. [PMID: 27002756 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-160595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently pancreatic cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Because of its late manifestation and consequent dismal prognosis, there is an urgent need to develop highly sensitive and specific marker. Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin (NGAL) recently emerged as a protein playing an important role in carcinogenesis of various neoplasms. OBJECTIVE Our aim was to assess the potential of urine and bile concentration of NGAL in differentiating pancreatic adenocarcinoma from chronic pancreatitis. METHODS Forty-two patients operated on due to pancreatobiliary lesions were enrolled in this study. All enrolled patients had eGFR within reference range. Levels of CEA, CA 125 and Ca19-9 were assessed using standard laboratory protocols. A sample of urine was collected prior to the surgery. Intraoperatively a 5 ml sample of bile was collected directly from the common bile duct. Bile and urine levels of NGAL were measured using a ELISA kit. After standard pathological examination of specimens obtained during surgery, patients were divided into 2 groups: 21 patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma and 15 patients with focal chronic pancreatitis. RESULTS NGAL concentration in bile in patients with PDAC vs CP was 75.72 ± 16.05 ng/mL vs 62.62 ± 18.6 ng/mL respectively (p= 0,011). NGAL concentration in urine was 43.26 ± 21.21 ng/mL vs 17.96 ± 14.58 ng/mL (p= 0.002) respectively. In order to compare these markers with routinely used ones, ROC curve was built for Ca125 to establish cutoff point and in case of CA19-9 clinically used cutoff (≥ 37U/mL) was applied. Sensitivity and specificity for NGALurine with cutoff value of 27 ng/mL was 80.95% and 80% respectively, while these values for NGALbile were 71.43% and 80% respectively. Ca19-9 measured in plasma with clinically used cutoff value had sensitivity of 71.43% and specificity of 73.33%. Sensitivity and specificity for Ca 125 measured in plasma with cutoff value of 13 U/mL were 85.71% and 66.67% respectively. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, NGAL in urine and bile are remarkably accurate in differentiating pancreatic mass due to chronic pancreatitis from pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Therefore, NGAL concentrations in bile and urine should be further investigated in order to assess their usefulness in early pancreatic adenocarcinoma diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Hogendorf
- Department of General and Transplant Surgery, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Adam Durczyński
- Department of General and Transplant Surgery, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Anna Kumor
- Department of Pulmonology and Allergy, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Grażyna Poznańska
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Janusz Strzelczyk
- Department of General and Transplant Surgery, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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Ashton KJ, Reichelt ME, Mustafa SJ, Teng B, Ledent C, Delbridge LMD, Hofmann PA, Morrison RR, Headrick JP. Transcriptomic effects of adenosine 2A receptor deletion in healthy and endotoxemic murine myocardium. Purinergic Signal 2016; 13:27-49. [PMID: 27696085 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-016-9536-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Influences of adenosine 2A receptor (A2AR) activity on the cardiac transcriptome and genesis of endotoxemic myocarditis are unclear. We applied transcriptomic profiling (39 K Affymetrix arrays) to identify A2AR-sensitive molecules, revealed by receptor knockout (KO), in healthy and endotoxemic hearts. Baseline cardiac function was unaltered and only 37 A2AR-sensitive genes modified by A2AR KO (≥1.2-fold change, <5 % FDR); the five most induced are Mtr, Ppbp, Chac1, Ctsk and Cnpy2 and the five most repressed are Hp, Yipf4, Acta1, Cidec and Map3k2. Few canonical paths were impacted, with altered Gnb1, Prkar2b, Pde3b and Map3k2 (among others) implicating modified G protein/cAMP/PKA and cGMP/NOS signalling. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 20 mg/kg) challenge for 24 h modified >4100 transcripts in wild-type (WT) myocardium (≥1.5-fold change, FDR < 1 %); the most induced are Lcn2 (+590); Saa3 (+516); Serpina3n (+122); Cxcl9 (+101) and Cxcl1 (+89) and the most repressed are Car3 (-38); Adipoq (-17); Atgrl1/Aplnr (-14); H19 (-11) and Itga8 (-8). Canonical responses centred on inflammation, immunity, cell death and remodelling, with pronounced amplification of toll-like receptor (TLR) and underlying JAK-STAT, NFκB and MAPK pathways, and a 'cardio-depressant' profile encompassing suppressed ß-adrenergic, PKA and Ca2+ signalling, electromechanical and mitochondrial function (and major shifts in transcripts impacting function/injury including Lcn2, S100a8/S100a9, Icam1/Vcam and Nox2 induction, and Adipoq, Igf1 and Aplnr repression). Endotoxemic responses were selectively modified by A2AR KO, supporting inflammatory suppression via A2AR sensitive shifts in regulators of NFκB and JAK-STAT signalling (IκBζ, IκBα, STAT1, CDKN1a and RRAS2) without impacting the cardio-depressant gene profile. Data indicate A2ARs exert minor effects in un-stressed myocardium and selectively suppress NFκB and JAK-STAT signalling and cardiac injury without influencing cardiac depression in endotoxemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J Ashton
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Melissa E Reichelt
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - S Jamal Mustafa
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Bunyen Teng
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | | | - Lea M D Delbridge
- Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Polly A Hofmann
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - R Ray Morrison
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - John P Headrick
- Heart Foundation Research Center, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, 4217, Australia.
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Marques FZ, Vizi D, Khammy O, Mariani JA, Kaye DM. The transcardiac gradient of cardio-microRNAs in the failing heart. Eur J Heart Fail 2016; 18:1000-8. [DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2015] [Revised: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Francine Z. Marques
- Heart Failure Research Group; Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Research Institute VIC; Australia
| | - Donna Vizi
- Heart Centre; Alfred Hospital; Melbourne VIC Australia
| | - Ouda Khammy
- Heart Failure Research Group; Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Research Institute VIC; Australia
| | - Justin A. Mariani
- Heart Failure Research Group; Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Research Institute VIC; Australia
- Heart Centre; Alfred Hospital; Melbourne VIC Australia
| | - David M. Kaye
- Heart Failure Research Group; Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Research Institute VIC; Australia
- Heart Centre; Alfred Hospital; Melbourne VIC Australia
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Balta S, Yildirim AO, Ozturk C. Red Cell Distribution Width and Coronary Artery Calcification. Korean Circ J 2016; 46:270-2. [PMID: 27014361 PMCID: PMC4805575 DOI: 10.4070/kcj.2016.46.2.270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sevket Balta
- Department of Cardiology, Gulhane Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Cengiz Ozturk
- Department of Cardiology, Gulhane Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey
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Fujiwara Y, Tsuchiya H, Sakai N, Shibata K, Fujimura A, Koshimizu TA. Lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation or unilateral ureteral obstruction yielded multiple types of glycosylated Lipocalin 2. JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION-LONDON 2016; 13:7. [PMID: 26949374 PMCID: PMC4779565 DOI: 10.1186/s12950-016-0116-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background The amount of urinary glycoprotein lipocalin 2 (LCN2) has been known to increase after kidney injury because of failed reabsorption by the proximal tubules or direct secretion from injured tissues. However, the relationship between urinary tract obstruction and the isoform diversity of LCN2 has not been examined. Methods The urinary levels of LCN2 isoforms were examined in male mice after an intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or in a mouse model of unilateral ureter obstruction (UUO). The LCN2 levels in sera, bladder urine, renal pelvic urine, and tissue samples were also analyzed. Endo- and exoglycosidases were used to investigate the different N-glycan patterns of LCN2. Results Two isoforms of urinary LCN2 with different molecular weights were identified in an immunoblotting analysis, and the levels of both isoforms were increased 6 h after LPS administration. The primary LCN2 isoform was the lower molecular weight 22-kDa isoform, which was detected in the serum, urine, liver and kidney. In contrast, the 24-kDa LCN2 isoform was detected only in urine. In the UUO experiments, the levels of the 24-kDa LCN2 were increased in the bladder urine but not in the urine accumulated in the renal pelvis due to UUO. The 22-kDa LCN2 was identified in the renal pelvic urine from UUO mice. The peptide-N glycosidase F digestion of the two urinary LCN2 isoforms generated a single protein. Moreover, the two urinary LCN2 proteins were sensitive to neuraminidase and resistant to endoglycosidase H (Endo H). The LCN2 in the serum, lung and kidney was resistant to Endo H, as observed in urine, whereas the LCN2 in the liver and the ureter were degraded by this enzyme. Conclusions These results suggest that the difference in the molecular weights of the LCN2 proteins was due to their N-glycan structure. The high molecular weight LCN2 in urine could be detected after the inflammatory response to LPS and UUO. Furthermore, the sensitivity to Endo H identified the presence of two types of carbohydrate moieties, depending on the tissue in which the LCN2 was produced. These findings are useful for widening the clinical applicability of urinary LCN2 analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Fujiwara
- Division of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, 329-0498 Japan
| | - Hiroyoshi Tsuchiya
- Division of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, 329-0498 Japan
| | - Nobuya Sakai
- Department of Functional Genomics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Himeji Dokkyo University, Hyogo, 670-8524 Japan
| | - Katsushi Shibata
- Department of Functional Genomics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Himeji Dokkyo University, Hyogo, 670-8524 Japan
| | - Akio Fujimura
- Division of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, 329-0498 Japan ; Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, 329-0498 Japan
| | - Taka-Aki Koshimizu
- Division of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, 329-0498 Japan
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Tawfeek MSK, Raafat DM, Saad K, Idriss NK, Sayed S, Fouad DA, El-Houfey AA. Plasma levels of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin in children with heart failure. Ther Adv Cardiovasc Dis 2016; 10:30-6. [PMID: 26627265 PMCID: PMC5933603 DOI: 10.1177/1753944715619116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Data about plasma levels of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) in children with heart failure (HF) are very limited. NGAL is used widely as a biomarker for the diagnosis of renal injury in numerous clinical studies. The aim of this study is to investigate the plasma NGAL in children with HF caused by idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDCM) and its relation to the severity of HF. MATERIAL AND METHODS In a case-control study, 30 nondiabetic children, aged -16 years (all have IDCM) recruited from the pediatric department of our institute together with 30 healthy children were prospectively enrolled in this study. Patients underwent a detailed history taking, clinical examination, New York Heart Association (NYHA) class assessment and echocardiographic evaluation. Plasma levels of NGAL were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Plasma levels of NGAL were significantly higher in children with HF compared with healthy controls (mean: 290.97 versus 144.33, p < 0.0001). The relationship between NGAL and the severity of HF was investigated. However, we did not find any statistically significant relationship between plasma NGAL levels and indices of myocardial function. CONCLUSIONS NGAL levels were significantly increased in children with HF caused by IDCM. However, there was no significant relationship between plasma NGAL levels and indices of myocardial function. Future multicenter clinical studies in a large population addressing the natural course of NGAL in HF and its potential as a treatment target are needed in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa S K Tawfeek
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Doaa M Raafat
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Khaled Saad
- Associate Professor of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Assiut, Assiut 71516, Egypt
| | - Naglaa K Idriss
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Sherif Sayed
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Doaa A Fouad
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Amira A El-Houfey
- Department of Community Health Nursing, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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Hong F, Wang L, Yu X, Zhou Y, Hong J, Sheng L. Toxicological effect of TiO2 nanoparticle-induced myocarditis in mice. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2015; 10:1029. [PMID: 26269254 PMCID: PMC4534482 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-015-1029-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Currently, impacts of exposure to TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) on the cardiovascular system are not well understood. The aim of this study was to investigate whether TiO2 NPs induce myocarditis and its underlying molecular mechanism in the cardiac inflammation in mice. Mice were exposed to TiO2 NPs for 6 months; biochemical parameters of serum and expression of Th1-related and Th2-related cytokines in the heart were investigated. The results showed that TiO2 NP exposure resulted in cardiac lesions coupling with pulmonary inflammation; increases of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatine kinase (CK), C-reaction protein (CRP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alpha-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (HBDH), adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) levels; and a reduction of nitric oxide (NOx) level in the serum. These were associated with increases of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-4, IL-6, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), creatine kinase, CRP, adhesion molecule-1, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, interferon-γ (IFN-γ), signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT)1, STAT3, or STAT6, GATA-binding domain-3, GATA-binding domain-4, endothelin-1 expression levels, and T-box expressed in T cells expression level that is the master regulator of pro-inflammatory cytokines and transcription factors in the heart. These findings imply that TiO2 NP exposure may increase the occurrence and development of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fashui Hong
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, 223300, China,
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Iron metabolism and regulation by neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin in cardiomyopathy. Clin Sci (Lond) 2015; 129:851-62. [PMID: 26318828 DOI: 10.1042/cs20150075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) has recently become established as an important contributor to the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease. Accordingly, it is now viewed as an attractive candidate as a biomarker for various disease states, and in particular has recently become regarded as one of the best diagnostic biomarkers available for acute kidney injury. Nevertheless, the precise physiological effects of NGAL on the heart and the significance of their alterations during the development of heart failure are only now beginning to be characterized. Furthermore, the mechanisms via which NGAL mediates its effects are unclear because there is no conventional receptor signalling pathway. Instead, previous work suggests that regulation of iron metabolism could represent an important mechanism of NGAL action, with wide-ranging consequences spanning metabolic and cardiovascular diseases to host defence against bacterial infection. In the present review, we summarize rapidly emerging evidence for the role of NGAL in regulating heart failure. In particular, we focus on iron transport as a mechanism of NGAL action and discuss this in the context of the existing strong associations between iron overload and iron deficiency with cardiomyopathy.
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Ferreira AC, Dá Mesquita S, Sousa JC, Correia-Neves M, Sousa N, Palha JA, Marques F. From the periphery to the brain: Lipocalin-2, a friend or foe? Prog Neurobiol 2015; 131:120-36. [PMID: 26159707 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2015.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Lipocalin-2 (LCN2) is an acute-phase protein that, by binding to iron-loaded siderophores, acts as a potent bacteriostatic agent in the iron-depletion strategy of the immune system to control pathogens. The recent identification of a mammalian siderophore also suggests a physiological role for LCN2 in iron homeostasis, specifically in iron delivery to cells via a transferrin-independent mechanism. LCN2 participates, as well, in a variety of cellular processes, including cell proliferation, cell differentiation and apoptosis, and has been mostly found up-regulated in various tissues and under inflammatory states, being its expression regulated by several inducers. In the central nervous system less is known about the processes involving LCN2, namely by which cells it is produced/secreted, and its impact on cell proliferation and death, or in neuronal plasticity and behaviour. Importantly, LCN2 recently emerged as a potential clinical biomarker in multiple sclerosis and in ageing-related cognitive decline. Still, there are conflicting views on the role of LCN2 in pathophysiological processes, with some studies pointing to its neurodeleterious effects, while others indicate neuroprotection. Herein, these various perspectives are reviewed and a comprehensive and cohesive view of the general function of LCN2, particularly in the brain, is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C Ferreira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Sandro Dá Mesquita
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - João C Sousa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Margarida Correia-Neves
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Nuno Sousa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Joana A Palha
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Fernanda Marques
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
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Villacorta H, Martins Santos RA, Baco Marroig MA, Guedes Pereira GP, Xavier AR, Kanaan S. Prognostic value of plasma neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin in patients with heart failure. REVISTA PORTUGUESA DE CARDIOLOGIA (ENGLISH EDITION) 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.repce.2015.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Villacorta H, Martins Santos RA, Baco Marroig MA, Guedes Pereira GP, Xavier AR, Kanaan S. Prognostic value of plasma neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin in patients with heart failure. Rev Port Cardiol 2015; 34:473-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.repc.2015.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Revised: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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Heymans S, González A, Pizard A, Papageorgiou AP, López-Andrés N, Jaisser F, Thum T, Zannad F, Díez J. Searching for new mechanisms of myocardial fibrosis with diagnostic and/or therapeutic potential. Eur J Heart Fail 2015; 17:764-71. [DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Revised: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Stephane Heymans
- Maastricht University Medical Centre, Cardiovascular Research Institute; Maastricht University; The Netherlands
| | - Arantxa González
- Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, Center for Applied Medical Research-FIMA; University of Navarra; Pamplona Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA); Pamplona Spain
| | - Anne Pizard
- UMRS U1116 Inserm, CIC 1433, Pierre Drouin, CHU; Université de Lorraine; Nancy France
| | - Anna P. Papageorgiou
- Maastricht University Medical Centre, Cardiovascular Research Institute; Maastricht University; The Netherlands
| | - Natalia López-Andrés
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA); Pamplona Spain
- Navarra biomed-Miguel Servet Foundation; Pamplona Spain
| | - Frédéric Jaisser
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Inserm U1138; Université Pierre et Marie Curie; Paris France
| | - Thomas Thum
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS); Hannover Medical School; Hannover Germany
| | - Faiez Zannad
- UMRS U1116 Inserm, CIC 1433, Pierre Drouin, CHU; Université de Lorraine; Nancy France
| | - Javier Díez
- Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, Center for Applied Medical Research-FIMA; University of Navarra; Pamplona Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA); Pamplona Spain
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery; University Clinic, University of Navarra; Pamplona Spain
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Gouweleeuw L, Naudé PJW, Rots M, DeJongste MJL, Eisel ULM, Schoemaker RG. The role of neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin (NGAL) as biological constituent linking depression and cardiovascular disease. Brain Behav Immun 2015; 46:23-32. [PMID: 25576802 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2014.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Revised: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is more common in patients with cardiovascular disease than in the general population. Conversely, depression is a risk factor for developing cardiovascular disease. Comorbidity of these two pathologies worsens prognosis. Several mechanisms have been indicated in the link between cardiovascular disease and depression, including inflammation. Systemic inflammation can have long-lasting effects on the central nervous system, which could be associated with depression. NGAL is an inflammatory marker and elevated plasma levels are associated with both cardiovascular disease and depression. While patients with depression show elevated NGAL levels, in patients with comorbid heart failure, NGAL levels are significantly higher and associated with depression scores. Systemic inflammation evokes NGAL expression in the brain. This is considered a proinflammatory effect as it is involved in microglia activation and reactive astrocytosis. Animal studies support a direct link between NGAL and depression/anxiety associated behavior. In this review we focus on the role of NGAL in linking depression and cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Gouweleeuw
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - P J W Naudé
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Research Center, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - M Rots
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - M J L DeJongste
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - U L M Eisel
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - R G Schoemaker
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Cardiology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Lafferty EI, Wiltshire SA, Angers I, Vidal SM, Qureshi ST. Unc93b1 -Dependent Endosomal Toll-Like Receptor Signaling Regulates Inflammation and Mortality during Coxsackievirus B3 Infection. J Innate Immun 2015; 7:315-30. [PMID: 25675947 DOI: 10.1159/000369342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Coxsackievirus strain B serotype 3 (CVB3)-induced myocarditis is an important human disease that causes permanent tissue damage and can lead to death from acute infection or long-term morbidity caused by chronic inflammation. The timing and magnitude of immune activation following CVB3 infection can mediate a positive host outcome or increase tissue pathology. To better elucidate the role of endosomal Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling in acute CVB3 infection, we studied mice with a loss-of-function mutation, known as Letr for 'loss of endosomal TLR response', in Unc93b1, which is a chaperone protein for TLR3, TLR7 and TLR9. Using Unc93b1(Letr/)(Letr) mice, we determined that Unc93b1-dependent TLR activation was essential for the survival of acute CVB3-induced myocarditis. We also determined that a lack of endosomal TLR signaling was associated with a higher viral load in target organs and that it increased inflammation, necrosis and fibrosis in cardiac tissue. Loss of Unc93b1 function was also associated with increased cardiac expression of Ifn-b and markers of tissue injury and fibrosis including Lcn2 and Serpina3n early after CVB3 infection. These observations establish a significant role for Unc93b1 in the regulation of the host inflammatory response to CVB3 infection and also reveal potential mediators of host tissue damage that merit further investigation in acute viral myocarditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin I Lafferty
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, Montréal, Qué., Canada
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Diverse functional roles of lipocalin-2 in the central nervous system. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2015; 49:135-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Revised: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) in heart transplant recipients after conversion to everolimus therapy. J Cardiol 2015; 66:347-52. [PMID: 25583090 DOI: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2014.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Revised: 12/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to the lack of nephrotoxic activity, proliferation signal inhibitors (PSI) such as everolimus are recommended for immunosuppression after heart transplantation, but the assessment of renal function in patients receiving PSI has led to conflicting results. We examined renal integrity and function using neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and conventional markers [plasma creatinine, cystatin C, urine albumin, α1-microglobulin (α1M)] in heart transplant patients, who underwent conversion to everolimus due to allograft vasculopathy, graft rejection episodes, or renal function deterioration, and in patients maintained on calcineurin inhibitors (CNI). METHODS This cross-sectional study included 121 consecutive heart transplant recipients: 44 patients received CNI-free immunosuppressive therapy with everolimus and 77 patients received CNI. Renal parameters were determined in plasma and urine samples using standard enzymatic or immunochemical methods. RESULTS Heart transplant recipients receiving everolimus therapy had significantly lower NGAL concentrations in plasma [median (95% CI): 128 (97-176)ng/mL vs. 252 (224-283)ng/mL, p<0.001] and urine [median (95% CI): 6.4 (4.5-7.6)ng/g vs. 15.7 (10.2-25.9)ng/g creatinine, p<0.001]. In contrast, no significant differences were observed between everolimus- and CNI-treated groups with regard to creatinine and cystatin C, as well as urine albumin and α1M levels. Significant correlations were noted between plasma NGAL and creatinine (r=0.42, p<0.001), cystatin C (r=0.44, p<0.001), N-terminal brain natriuretic propeptide (r=0.31, p<0.01) and indicators of chronic inflammation [lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2), r=0.31, p<0.01] and soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L, r=0.22, p<0.05), and between urinary NGAL and α1M (r=0.21, p<0.05). Multiple regression analysis indicated that cystatin C and Lp-PLA2 were the best predictors of plasma NGAL. CONCLUSION The present study documents reduced plasma and urinary NGAL levels in the absence of differences in conventional renal parameters in patients on CNI-free immunosuppressive therapy with everolimus. These results support favorable effects of everolimus on renal integrity in heart transplant recipients.
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Duvillard L, Ortega-Deballon P, Bourredjem A, Scherrer ML, Mantion G, Delhorme JB, Deguelte-Lardière S, Petit JM, Bonithon-Kopp C. A case-control study of pre-operative levels of serum neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin and other potential inflammatory markers in colorectal cancer. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:912. [PMID: 25472811 PMCID: PMC4289261 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic inflammation is a key feature of colorectal cancer (CRC), meaning that inflammatory biomarkers may be useful for its diagnosis. In particular, high neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) expression has been reported in CRC. Thus, we investigated whether serum NGAL and NGAL/MMP-9 could be potential biomarkers for the early detection of CRC. Concurrently, we studied other inflammatory biomarkers such as soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 and 2 (sTNFR-1, sTNFR-2), and C reactive protein (CRP). Methods The AGARIC multicenter case–control study was performed in eastern France and included patients admitted for elective surgery either for a priori non-metastatic incident CRC (n = 224) or for benign causes (n = 252). Pre-operative serum levels of NGAL, NGAL/MMP-9, sTNFR-1, sTNFR-2 and CRP were measured. Results Median values of serum NGAL, NGAL/MMP-9, sTNFR-1, sTNFR-2 and CRP were significantly higher in CRC patients than in controls. Receiver Operating Characteristic analysis provided relatively poor values of area under the curve, ranging from 0.65 to 0.58. Except for NGAL/MMP-9, all biological parameters were strongly correlated in CRC cases and, less strongly in controls. Multivariate odds ratio (OR) of CRC comparing the extreme tertiles of serum NGAL was 2.76 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.59-4.78; p < 0.001),. Lower but significant multivariate associations were observed for sTNFR-1, and sTNFR-2: OR = 2.44 (95% CI : 1.34-4.45, p = 0.015) and 1.93 (95% : CI 1.12-3.31), respectively. No independent association was found between case–control status and NGAL/MMP-9. Among CRC cases, maximal tumor size was an independent determinant of serum NGAL (p = 0.028) but this association was reduced after adjustment for CRP (p = 0.11). Conclusion Despite a significant increase in serum NGAL and other inflammatory markers among CRC patients, our findings suggest that they may not be suitable biomarkers for the diagnosis and especially early detection of CRC.
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Wu G, Li H, Zhou M, Fang Q, Bao Y, Xu A, Jia W. Mechanism and clinical evidence of lipocalin-2 and adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein linking obesity and atherosclerosis. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2014; 30:447-56. [PMID: 24214285 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.2493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is considered to be a chronic inflammatory state in which the dysfunction of adipose tissue plays a central role. The adipokines, which are cytokines secreted by adipose tissue, are key links between obesity and related diseases such as metabolic syndrome and atherosclerosis. LCN2 and A-FABP, both of which are major adipokines predominantly produced in adipose tissue, have recently been shown to be pivotal modulators of vascular function. However, different adipokines modulate the development of atherosclerosis in distinctive manners, which are partly attributable to their unique regulatory mechanisms and functions. This review highlights recent advances in the understanding of the role of two adipokines in mediating chronic inflammation and the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyu Wu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, China; Department of Medicine, Medical School of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Soylu K, Aksan G, Nar G, Özdemir M, Gülel O, İnci S, Aksakal A, Soylu Aİ, Yılmaz Ö. Serum neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin levels are correlated with the complexity and the severity of atherosclerosis in acute coronary syndrome. Anatol J Cardiol 2014; 15:450-5. [PMID: 25430410 PMCID: PMC5779135 DOI: 10.5152/akd.2014.5513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) is a novel inflammatory marker that is released from neutrophils. In this study, we evaluated the correlation between serum NGAL level and clinical and angiographic risk scores in patients diagnosed with non-ST elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS). Methods: Forty-seven random NSTE-ACS patients and 45 patients with normal coronary arteries (NCA) who underwent coronary angiography were enrolled in the study. GRACE risk score and SYNTAX and Gensini risk scores were used, respectively, for the purpose of clinical risk assessment and angiographic risk scoring. Serum NGAL level was measured via ELISA in peripheral blood samples obtained from the patients at the time of admission. Results: Serum NGAL level was significantly higher in the NSTE-ACS group compared to the control group (112.3±49.6 ng/mL vs. 58.1±24.3 ng/mL, p<0.001). There was a significant positive correlation between serum NGAL levels and the GRACE (r=0.533 and p<0.001), SYNTAX (r=0.395 and p=0.006), and Gensini risk scores (r=0.575 and p<0.001). The intermediate-high SYNTAX (>22) group had statistically significantly higher serum NGAL levels compared to the low SYNTAX (≤22) group (143±29.5 ng/mL vs. 98.7±43.2 ng/mL, p=0.001). Conclusion: NGAL level was positively correlated with lesion complexity and severity of coronary artery disease in patients with NSTE-ACS. Serum NGAL levels on admission are associated with increased burden of atherosclerosis in patients with NSTE-ACS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Korhan Soylu
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University; Samsun-Turkey.
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Wu L, Ong S, Talor MV, Barin JG, Baldeviano GC, Kass DA, Bedja D, Zhang H, Sheikh A, Margolick JB, Iwakura Y, Rose NR, Ciháková D. Cardiac fibroblasts mediate IL-17A-driven inflammatory dilated cardiomyopathy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 211:1449-64. [PMID: 24935258 PMCID: PMC4076595 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20132126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
IL-17A stimulates cardiac fibroblasts to produce inflammatory mediators critical for the recruitment and differentiation of myeloid cells during inflammatory dilated cardiomyopathy. Inflammatory dilated cardiomyopathy (DCMi) is a major cause of heart failure in individuals below the age of 40. We recently reported that IL-17A is required for the development of DCMi. We show a novel pathway connecting IL-17A, cardiac fibroblasts (CFs), GM-CSF, and heart-infiltrating myeloid cells with the pathogenesis of DCMi. Il17ra−/− mice were protected from DCMi, and this was associated with significantly diminished neutrophil and Ly6Chi monocyte/macrophage (MO/MΦ) cardiac infiltrates. Depletion of Ly6Chi MO/MΦ also protected mice from DCMi. Mechanistically, IL-17A stimulated CFs to produce key chemokines and cytokines that are critical downstream effectors in the recruitment and differentiation of myeloid cells. Moreover, IL-17A directs Ly6Chi MO/MΦ in trans toward a more proinflammatory phenotype via CF-derived GM-CSF. Collectively, this IL-17A–fibroblast–GM-CSF–MO/MΦ axis could provide a novel target for the treatment of DCMi and related inflammatory cardiac diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wu
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Pathology, and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - SuFey Ong
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Pathology, and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Monica V Talor
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Pathology, and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Jobert G Barin
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Pathology, and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - G Christian Baldeviano
- Department of Parasitology, US Naval Medical Research Unit Six (NAMRU-6), Lima 34031, Peru
| | - David A Kass
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Pathology, and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Djahida Bedja
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Pathology, and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Hao Zhang
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Pathology, and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Asfandyar Sheikh
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Pathology, and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Joseph B Margolick
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Pathology, and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Yoichiro Iwakura
- Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-0022, Japan
| | - Noel R Rose
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Pathology, and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Pathology, and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Daniela Ciháková
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Pathology, and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
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Abstract
Cardiovascular disease, including heart failure, is a principal cause of death in individuals with obesity and diabetes. However, the mechanisms of obesity- and diabetes-induced heart disease are multifaceted and remain to be clearly defined. Of relevance to this review, there is currently great research and clinical interest in the endocrine effects of adipokines on the myocardium and their role in heart failure. We will discuss the potential significance of adipokines in the pathogenesis of heart failure via their ability to regulate remodeling events including metabolism, hypertrophy, fibrosis, and cell death. As an excellent example, we will first focus on adiponectin which is best known to confer numerous cardioprotective effects. However, we comprehensively discuss the existing literature that highlights it would be naive to assume that this was always the case. We also focus on lipocalin-2 which mediates pro-inflammatory and pro-apoptotic effects. It is important when studying actions of adipokines to integrate cellular and mechanistic analyses and translate these to physiologically relevant in vivo models and clinical studies. However, assimilating studies on numerous cardiac remodeling events which ultimately dictate cardiac dysfunction into a unifying conclusion is challenging. Nevertheless, there is undoubted potential for the use of adipokines as robust biomarkers and appropriate therapeutic targets in heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Park
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada
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41
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Sonmez O, Ertem FU, Vatankulu MA, Erdogan E, Tasal A, Kucukbuzcu S, Goktekin O. Novel fibro-inflammation markers in assessing left atrial remodeling in non-valvular atrial fibrillation. Med Sci Monit 2014; 20:463-70. [PMID: 24651058 PMCID: PMC3965288 DOI: 10.12659/msm.890635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Structural remodeling is associated with the fibroinflammatory process in the atrial extracellular matrix. In the present study we aimed to investigate whether serum levels of new circulating remodeling markers differ in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) compared to patients with sinus rhythm. Material/Methods The study population included 52 patients diagnosed with non-valvular AF and 33 age-matched patients with sinus rhythm. Serum levels of Galectin-3, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), lipocalin-2 (Lcn2/NGAL), N-terminal propeptide of type III procollagen (PIIINP), Hs-Crp, and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) were measured. The left atrial volume (LAV) was calculated by echocardiographic method and LAV index was calculated. Results Galectin-3, MMP-9, and PIIINP levels were significantly higher in AF patients except NGAL levels (1166 pg/ml (1126–1204) and 1204 pg/ml (1166–1362) p=0.001, 104 (81–179) pg/ml and 404 (162–564) pg/ml p<0.0001, and 1101 (500–1960) pg/ml and 6710 (2370–9950) pg/ml p<0.0001, respectively). The NLR and Hs-CRP levels were also higher in AF (2.1±1.0 and 2.7±1.1 p=0.02 and 4.2±1.9 mg/L and 6.0±4.7 mg/L p=0.04, respectively). In correlation analyses, NLR showed a strongly significant correlation with LAVi, but Hs-CRP did not (p=0.007 r=0.247, Pearson test and p=0.808 r=0.025, Pearson test, respectively). Moreover, Galectin-3, MMP-9, and PIIINP had a strong positive correlation with LAVi (p=0.021 r=640, Spearman test and p=0.004 r=0.319 Pearson test, and p=0.004 r=0.325 Pearson test, respectively). Conclusions Novel fibrosis and inflammation markers in AF are correlated with atrial remodeling. Several unexplained mechanisms of atrial remodeling remain, but the present study has taken the first step in elucidating the mechanisms involving fibrosis and inflammation markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osman Sonmez
- Department of Cardiology, BezmiAlem Vakif University, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Furkan U Ertem
- Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Akif Vatankulu
- Department of Cardiology, BezmiAlem Vakif University, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ercan Erdogan
- Department of Cardiology, BezmiAlem Vakif University, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Abdurrahman Tasal
- Department of Cardiology, BezmiAlem Vakif University, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sıtkı Kucukbuzcu
- Department of Cardiology, BezmiAlem Vakif University, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Omer Goktekin
- Department of Cardiology, BezmiAlem Vakif University, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
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Yeh YH, Chang JL, Hsiao PC, Tsao SM, Lin CH, Kao SJ, Chou MC, Yang SF, Chien MH. Circulating level of lipocalin 2 as a predictor of severity in patients with community-acquired pneumonia. J Clin Lab Anal 2014; 27:253-60. [PMID: 23852780 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.21588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 01/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate the differential plasma levels of lipocalin 2 (LCN2) and its complex with MMP-9 (where MMP is matrix metalloproteinase) before and after antibiotic treatment in hospitalized adult patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). METHOD Plasma LCN2 and LCN2/MMP-9 complex levels were measured in 61 adult patients with CAP and 60 healthy controls using commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS A decrease in the number of white blood cells (WBCs) and neutrophils and decreases in the levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), LCN2, and LCN2/MMP-9 complex were observed after antibiotic treatment. The plasma level of LCN2, but not that of CRP, was correlated with the severity of CAP based on the Pneumonia Severity Index (PSI; r = 0.333, P = 0.009), confusion, urea, respiratory rate and blood pressure (CURB)-65 (r = 0.288, P = 0.024), and Acute Physiology And Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) scores (r = 0.328, P = 0.010). LCN2 levels were also significantly correlated with LCN2/MMP-9 levels and the numbers of WBCs or neutrophils. CONCLUSIONS Plasma levels of LCN2 and the LCN2/MMP-9 complex can act as adjuvant diagnostic biomarkers for CAP. Plasma LCN2 might play a further role in the clinical assessment of the severity of CAP, which could potentially guide the development of future treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Hung Yeh
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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43
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Barin JG, Čiháková D. Control of inflammatory heart disease by CD4+ T cells. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2013; 1285:80-96. [PMID: 23692566 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.12134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses on autoimmune myocarditis and its sequela, inflammatory dilated cardiomyopathy (DCMI), and the inflammatory and immune mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of these diseases. Several mouse models of myocarditis and DCMI have improved our knowledge of the pathogenesis of these diseases, informing more general problems of cardiac remodeling and heart failure. CD4(+) T cells are critical in driving the pathogenesis of myocarditis. We discuss in detail the role of T helper cell subtypes in the pathogenesis of myocarditis, the biology of T cell-derived effector cytokines, and the participation of other leukocytic effectors in mediating disease pathophysiology. We discuss interactions between these subsets in both suppressive and collaborative fashions. These findings indicate that cardiac inflammatory disease, and autoimmunity in general, may be more diverse in divergent effector mechanisms than has previously been appreciated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jobert G Barin
- Department of Pathology, Division of Immunology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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44
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Cruz DN, Gaiao S, Maisel A, Ronco C, Devarajan P. Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin as a biomarker of cardiovascular disease: a systematic review. Clin Chem Lab Med 2013; 50:1533-45. [PMID: 23089611 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2012-0307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2012] [Accepted: 05/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) is a biomarker of acute kidney injury (AKI). Recently, elevated NGAL levels have also been reported in heart failure, coronary heart disease, and stroke. Other studies demonstrate that NGAL is upregulated in failing myocardium and in atherosclerotic plaque. Our aim was to synthesize the current evidence on NGAL and cardiovascular disease (CVD), and to clarify the prognostic significance of systemic NGAL levels in CVD. METHODS We performed a systematic review to identify experimental and human studies on NGAL and CVD. We excluded articles which specifically dealt with AKI or renal endpoints. RESULTS We identified 22 studies, including both animal and human data. NGAL is highly expressed in the heart, both in failing myocardium and myocarditis, and is also expressed in atherosclerotic plaques. Areas of co-localization of NGAL and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 exhibited increased MMP-9 proteolytic activity. Systemic NGAL levels correlated with renal function and severity of CVD in several, but not all, studies. An association between elevated systemic NGAL levels and clinical outcomes (e.g., death, hospital readmissions) were reported in six CVD studies, but these had limited adjustment for potential confounders. CONCLUSIONS There is ample literature to support a putative role of NGAL in the pathophysiology of CVD, but at present there is insufficient data regarding the clinical utility of systemic NGAL levels in the management of CVD. Available evidence regarding NGAL as a predictor of outcomes in CVD is very limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinna N Cruz
- Department of Nephrology Dialysis and Transplantation, San Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza, Italy.
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45
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Jang Y, Lee JH, Wang Y, Sweeney G. Emerging clinical and experimental evidence for the role of lipocalin-2 in metabolic syndrome. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2012; 39:194-9. [PMID: 21689137 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2011.05557.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The inflammatory state, which is associated with the current pandemic of obesity, has been established as an important contributing pathogenic factor to the increased prevalence of the so-called metabolic syndrome. Many studies have focused on the contribution of various adipokines to this phenomenon, and in the present study, we provide an update on the emerging evidence that the pro-inflammatory factor, lipocalin-2, might influence various aspects of metabolic syndrome. Previous reports indicate a positive correlation of serum lipocalin-2 with fasting glucose, the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance index, and the inflammatory marker high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, even after adjustment for body mass index, suggesting that it is an independent risk factor for insulin resistance, diabetes, and inflammation. Direct analysis of lipocalin-2 action now also shows effects on peripheral metabolism and on cardiovascular function. A better understanding of how lipocalin-2 is regulated locally and systemically is crucial for adding to our understanding of the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome, and to uncover potential new avenues for therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangsoo Jang
- Division of Cardiology, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
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46
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Jiao S, Hanawa H, Suzuki T, Hu YH, Yoshida K, Ogura M, Ohno Y, Ito M, Kashimura T, Obata H, Kodama M. Estimation of paracrine signaling using quantitative RT-PCR from multiple patchy lesion samples. Mol Cell Probes 2012; 27:109-13. [PMID: 22921513 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2012.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2012] [Revised: 07/23/2012] [Accepted: 08/08/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
We investigated whether correlations between mRNA levels of cytokines versus other proteins from patchy lesion could estimate cytokine paracrine signaling in vivo. Experiments with rat experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM), a patchy myocarditis model, indicated IL-1 and other protein levels were correlated, indicating paracrine signaling pathways in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Jiao
- Division of Cardiology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
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Chakraborty S, Kaur S, Guha S, Batra SK. The multifaceted roles of neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin (NGAL) in inflammation and cancer. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2012; 1826:129-69. [PMID: 22513004 PMCID: PMC3362670 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2012.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 280] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2012] [Revised: 03/06/2012] [Accepted: 03/08/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin (NGAL), also known as oncogene 24p3, uterocalin, siderocalin or lipocalin 2, is a 24kDa secreted glycoprotein originally purified from a culture of mouse kidney cells infected with simian virus 40 (SV-40). Subsequent investigations have revealed that it is a member of the lipocalin family of proteins that transport small, hydrophobic ligands. Since then, NGAL expression has been reported in several normal tissues where it serves to provide protection against bacterial infection and modulate oxidative stress. Its expression is also dysregulated in several benign and malignant diseases. Its small size, secreted nature and relative stability have led to it being investigated as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in numerous diseases including inflammation and cancer. Functional studies, conducted primarily on lipocalin 2 (Lcn2), the mouse homologue of human NGAL have revealed that Lcn2 has a strong affinity for iron complexed to both bacterial siderophores (iron-binding proteins) and certain human proteins like norepinephrine. By sequestering iron-laden siderophores, Lcn2 deprives bacteria of a vital nutrient and thus inhibits their growth (bacteriostatic effect). In malignant cells, its proposed functions range from inhibiting apoptosis (in thyroid cancer cells), invasion and angiogenesis (in pancreatic cancer) to increasing proliferation and metastasis (in breast and colon cancer). Ectopic expression of Lcn2 also promotes BCR-ABL induced chronic myelogenous leukemia in murine models. By transporting iron into and out of the cell, NGAL also regulates iron responsive genes. Further, it stabilizes the proteolytic enzyme matrix metalloprotease-9 (MMP-9) by forming a complex with it, and thereby prevents its autodegradation. The factors regulating NGAL expression are numerous and range from pro-inflammatory cytokines like interleukins, tumor necrosis factor-α and interferons to vitamins like retinoic acid. The purpose of this review article is to examine the expression, structure, regulation and biological role of NGAL and critically assess its potential as a novel diagnostic and prognostic marker in both benign and malignant human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhankar Chakraborty
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Sukhwinder Kaur
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Sushovan Guha
- Departments of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Surinder K. Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
- Eppley Institute for Cancer Research, Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
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Nymo SH, Ueland T, Askevold ET, Flo TH, Kjekshus J, Hulthe J, Wikstrand J, McMurray J, Van Veldhuisen DJ, Gullestad L, Aukrust P, Yndestad A. The association between neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin and clinical outcome in chronic heart failure: results from CORONA*. J Intern Med 2012; 271:436-43. [PMID: 22211640 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2796.2011.02503.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the prognostic value of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) in chronic heart failure (HF) of ischaemic aetiology. BACKGROUND Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin is a marker of kidney injury as well as matrix degradation and inflammation and has previously been shown to be increased in HF. We investigated whether serum NGAL levels could provide prognostic information in chronic HF. METHODS We assessed NGAL as a predictor of primary outcomes (cardiovascular death, nonfatal stroke and nonfatal myocardial infarction, n = 307) and all-cause mortality (n = 321), cardiovascular mortality (n = 259) and hospitalization (n = 647) as well as the number of hospitalizations during follow-up for all (n = 1934) and CV causes (n = 1204) in 1415 patients with chronic HF (≥60 years, New York Heart Association class II-IV, ischaemic systolic HF) in the CORONA population, randomly assigned to 10 mg rosuvastatin or placebo. Results. Multivariate analysis revealed that NGAL added significant information when adjusting for clinical variables, but was no longer significant when further adjusting for apolipoprotein A-1 (ApoA-1), glomerular filtration rate (GFR), C-reactive protein (CRP) and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP). However, belonging to the highest NGAL tertile was associated with more frequent hospitalization, even after adjusting for clinical variables, GFR and ApoA-1, but not after adjusting for CRP and NT-proBNP. There was no interaction between rosuvastatin treatment and NGAL. Conclusion. Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin added no significant information to NT-proBNP and GFR in a multivariate model for primary and secondary end-points.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Nymo
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet
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49
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Glaros T, Fu Y, Xing J, Li L. Molecular mechanism underlying persistent induction of LCN2 by lipopolysaccharide in kidney fibroblasts. PLoS One 2012; 7:e34633. [PMID: 22514649 PMCID: PMC3326042 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0034633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2012] [Accepted: 03/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin 2 (LCN2) is a critical inflammatory mediator persistently induced during endotoxemia, contributing to tubular damage and kidney failure. The intracellular process responsible for persistent induction of LCN2 by bacterial endotoxin Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is not well understood. Using primary kidney fibroblasts, we observed that LPS-induced LCN2 expression requires a coupled circuit involving an early transient phase of AP-1 path and a late persistent phase of C/EBPδ path, both of which are dependent upon the interleukin 1 receptor associated kinase 1 (IRAK-1). Using immunoprecipitation analysis we observed transient binding of AP-1 to the promoters of both TNFα and C/ebpδ. On the other hand, we only observed persistent binding of C/EBPδ to its own promoter but not on TNFα. Blockage of new protein synthesis using cyclohexamide significantly reduced the expression of C/EBPδ as well as LCN2. By chromatin immunoprecipitation analyses, we demonstrated that LPS recruited C/EBPδ to the Lcn2 promoter in WT, but not IRAK-1 deficient fibroblasts. A differential equation-based computational model captured the dynamic circuit leading to the persistent induction of LCN2. In vivo, we observed elevated levels of LCN2 in kidneys harvested from LPS-injected WT mice as compared to IRAK-1 deficient mice. Taken together, this study has identified an integrated intracellular network involved in the persistent induction of LCN2 by LPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor Glaros
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Inflammation, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
- Department of Biological Science, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Yan Fu
- Department of Biological Science, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
- Interdisciplinary Program of Genetics, Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Jianhua Xing
- Department of Biological Science, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Liwu Li
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Inflammation, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
- Department of Biological Science, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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50
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Latouche C, El Moghrabi S, Messaoudi S, Nguyen Dinh Cat A, Hernandez-Diaz I, Alvarez de la Rosa D, Perret C, López Andrés N, Rossignol P, Zannad F, Farman N, Jaisser F. Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin is a novel mineralocorticoid target in the cardiovascular system. Hypertension 2012; 59:966-72. [PMID: 22469622 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.111.187872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) activation may be deleterious to the cardiovascular system, and MR antagonists improve morbidity and mortality of patients with heart failure. However, mineralocorticoid signaling in the heart remains largely unknown. Using a pan-genomic transcriptomic analysis, we identified neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL or lipocalin 2) as a strongly induced gene in the heart of mice with conditional and targeted MR overexpression in cardiomyocytes (whereas induction was low in glucocorticoid receptor-overexpressing mice). NGAL mRNA levels were enhanced after hormonal stimulation by the MR ligand aldosterone in cultured cardiac cells and in the heart of wild-type mice. Mineralocorticoid pathological challenge induced by nephrectomy/aldosterone/salt treatment upregulated NGAL expression in the heart and aorta and its plasma levels. We show evidence for MR binding to an NGAL promoter, providing a mechanism for NGAL regulation. We propose that NGAL may be a marker of mineralocorticoid-dependent injury in the cardiovascular system in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celine Latouche
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR 872 Team 1, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
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