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Corbi G, Comegna M, Vinciguerra C, Capasso A, Onorato L, Salucci AM, Rapacciuolo A, Cannavo A. Age and sex mediated effects of estrogen and Β3-adrenergic receptor on cardiovascular pathophysiology. Exp Gerontol 2024; 190:112420. [PMID: 38588751 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2024.112420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Sex differences are consistently identified in determining the prevalence, manifestation, and response to therapies in several systemic disorders, including those affecting the cardiovascular (CV), skeletal muscle, and nervous system. Interestingly, such differences are often more noticeable as we age. For example, premenopausal women experience a lower risk of CV disease than men of the same age. While at an advanced age, with menopause, the risk of cardiovascular diseases and adverse outcomes increases exponentially in women, exceeding that of men. However, this effect appears to be reversed in diseases such as pulmonary hypertension, where women are up to seven times more likely than men to develop an idiopathic form of the disease with symptoms developing ten years earlier than their male counterparts. Explaining this is a complex question. However, several factors and mechanisms have been identified in recent decades, including a role for sex hormones, particularly estrogens and their related receptors. Furthermore, an emerging role in these sex differences has also been suggested for β-adrenergic receptors (βARs), which are essential regulators of mammalian physiology. It has in fact been shown that βARs interact with estrogen receptors (ER), providing further demonstration of their involvement in determining sexual differences. Based on these premises, this review article focused on the β3AR subtype, which shows important activities in adipose tissue but with new and interesting roles in regulating the function of cardiomyocytes and vascular cells. In detail, we examined how β3AR and ER signaling are intertwined and whether there would be sex- and age-dependent specific effects of these receptor systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graziamaria Corbi
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Marika Comegna
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy; CEINGE-Advanced Biotechnologies - Franco Salvatore, Naples, Italy
| | - Caterina Vinciguerra
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessio Capasso
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Onorato
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Rapacciuolo
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandro Cannavo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
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Saravanabavanandan R, Jaimalani A, Khan MAN, Riaz S, Mangas GDM, Ahsan SM, Posani S, Patel T, Fawad M, Al-Tawil M. Gender-Based Outcome Discrepancies in Patients Who Underwent Alcohol Septal Ablation or Septal Myectomy for Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Am J Cardiol 2023; 208:134-142. [PMID: 37839170 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2023.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Clinical evidence and emerging studies suggest that the clinical heterogeneity observed in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy could be because of gender-based differences. We aimed to explore the gender-related differences pertaining to the treatment outcomes after alcohol septal ablation (ASA) and septal myectomy (SM). We searched PUBMED/MEDLINE, EMBASE, and SCOPUS to identify studies that report gender-stratified comparison of outcomes. The primary outcome of interest was short-term (within 30 days) mortality. A total of 15 studies totaling 31,907 patients (47% men and 53% women) were included. Women were found to be significantly older at the time of intervention (ASA: mean difference [MD] 7.55 years; SM: MD 4.41). In the ASA and SM treatment arms, women had a significantly higher risk of short-term all-cause mortality (ASA: risk ratio 0.48, 95% confidence interval 0.32 to 0.71, p = 0.0003; SM: risk ratio 0.63, 95% confidence interval 0.44 to 0.90, p = 0.01), more frequent permanent pacemaker implantation (ASA; p = 0.002, SM: p = 0.05), and longer in-hospital stay (ASA: MD 1.00 days, SM: MD 0.69). Among those who underwent ASA, women had a significantly higher rate of atrioventricular block. In conclusion, regardless of ASA or SM, women consistently presented at an older age and exhibited a higher risk-increased mortality rate, a greater incidence of atrioventricular block, and a higher likelihood of permanent pacemaker requirement-and longer hospital stay among women than men. This strongly emphasizes the need for a gender-specific approach to optimize care and improve treatment outcomes in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aniket Jaimalani
- Department of Medicine, Surat Municipal Institute of Medical Education and Research, Surat, India
| | | | - Sania Riaz
- Department of Medicine, Allama Iqbal Medical College, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Syed Muhammad Ahsan
- Dow Institute of Biological, Biochemical & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Sarojini Posani
- Department of Medicine, Sri Devaraj URS Medical College, Kolar, India
| | - Tirath Patel
- American University of Antigua College of Medicine, Saint John, Antigua and Barbuda
| | - Moiz Fawad
- Department of Neurosurgery, King Saud Hospital, Unayzah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Al-Tawil
- Faculty, Department of Medicine, Al-Quds University, Jerusalem, Palestine
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Li J, Cao Y, Zhang X, An M, Liu Y. The Application of Nano-drug Delivery System With Sequential Drug Release Strategies in Cancer Therapy. Am J Clin Oncol 2023; 46:459-473. [PMID: 37533151 DOI: 10.1097/coc.0000000000001030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Currently, multidrug combinations are often used clinically to improve the efficacy of oncology chemotherapy, but multidrug combinations often lead to multidrug resistance and decreased performance, resulting in more severe side effects than monotherapy. Therefore, sequential drug release strategies in time and space as well as nano-carriers that respond to the tumor microenvironment have been developed. First, the advantage of the sequential release strategy is that they can load multiple drugs simultaneously to meet their spatiotemporal requirements and stability, thus exerting synergistic effects of two or more drugs. Second, in some cases, sequential drug delivery of different molecular targets can improve the sensitivity of cancer cells to drugs. Control the metabolism of cancer cells, and remodel tumor vasculature. Finally, some drug combinations with built-in release control are used for sequential administration. This paper focuses on the use of nanotechnology and built-in control device to construct drug delivery carriers with different stimulation responses, thus achieving the sequential release of drugs. Therefore, the nano-sequential delivery carrier provides a new idea and platform for the therapeutic effect of various drugs and the synergistic effect among drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
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Pugnaloni F, Felici A, Corno AF, Marino B, Versacci P, Putotto C. Gender differences in congenital heart defects: a narrative review. Transl Pediatr 2023; 12:1753-1764. [PMID: 37814719 PMCID: PMC10560357 DOI: 10.21037/tp-23-260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective Congenital heart defects (CHD) represent the most frequent human birth defects, occurring in almost 1% of all live newborns. Understanding the effects of gender in the prevalence of CHD has a key role in defining personalized prevention, disease identification, prognosis definition and individualized therapeutic strategies. Recently, the attempt to achieve a holistic approach to patients with CHD cannot be separated from accounting for existing gender differences. The main aim of this narrative review is to provide an overview of gender differences in the epidemiology of CHD. Methods A standardized research through three electronic databases (PubMed/Scopus/Embase) was performed using a combination of keywords and Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms to include congenital heart diseases, gender difference(s), prevalence. Observational, prospective, population based and retrospective studies reporting gender differences in the prevalence of CHD were included. Conference abstracts were excluded as well as studies not written in English language and non-human studies. Further relevant papers were selected by hand-searching of the references list of selected articles. Key Content and Findings Search results returned 1,904 papers. Screening articles by title and abstracts resulted in 17 articles for full text review. Of these, 10 were included for analysis and additional 11 articles were included after hand searching review of reference lists. A total of 21 articles were included. Conclusions Our narrative review confirms that there is a significant gender variation in specific CHD subgroups. In particular, we summarized the evidence that there is a significantly greater risk for males to be born with severe CHD and for females with milder CHD subtypes. The etiology of the different distribution of CHD among genders is still under investigation and a deeper understanding of how gender influences the risk for CHD is warranted. In the future, a gender-based management of CHD should become an established medical approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flaminia Pugnaloni
- Department of Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Area of Fetal, Neonatal, and Cardiological Sciences, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Felici
- Department of Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Bruno Marino
- Department of Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Versacci
- Department of Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Carolina Putotto
- Department of Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Pevnick JM, Diniz MA, Magoffin D, Ishimori M, Bairey Merz CN. Microvascular Aging and Eicosanoids-Women's Evaluation of Systemic Aging Tenacity ("You are never too old to become younger!") Specialized Center of Research Excellence on Sex Differences Career Enhancement Core: Building the Future. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2023; 32:883-890. [PMID: 37585514 PMCID: PMC10623456 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2022.0505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of the National Institutes of Health Office of Research in Women's Health (NIH/ORWH) Specialized Center of Research and Career Enhancement (SCORE) program is to expedite the development and application of new knowledge that affect women, to learn more about the etiology of these diseases, and to foster improved approaches to treatment and/or prevention. Each SCORE has a Career Enhancement Core (CEC) that serves to meet the career enhancement needs of translational science in the study of sex differences. The Microvascular Aging and Eicosanoids-Women's Evaluation of Systemic aging Tenacity (MAE-WEST) ("You are never too old to become younger!") Specialized Center of Research Excellence (SCORE) on Sex Differences will study pro- and anti-inflammatory responses and small vessel aging traits. As part of our SCORE CEC, we have advanced several initiatives to embed consideration of sex as a biological variable (SABV) into the infrastructure of our two CEC institutions. Unlike other professions, ongoing physician education through continuing medical education (CME) activities is required and embedded in the practice of medicine. The MAE-WEST SCORE in collaboration with the CSMC Clinical Scholars Program, the Center for Research in Women's Health and Sex-differences and the CSMC CME Office requires SABV and as Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion components in all CSMC CME programs. Clinical practice is also increasingly guided by evidence-based guidelines, with Class I recommendations resulting from clinical trials rather than expert consensus. It is essential that women be included in clinical trials proportionate to the prevalence and burden of disease. The MAE-WEST SCORE has developed our own unique CEC for providing novel educational, networking, funding opportunities, and translation to practice support. The developed best practices have found novel ways to enhance studies of women's health and SABV. We welcome visitors on-site and virtual to share with the broader academic and practicing community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua M. Pevnick
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Marcio A. Diniz
- Biostatistics Research Center, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Biomedical Science, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Denis Magoffin
- Department of Biomedical Science, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Mariko Ishimori
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - C. Noel Bairey Merz
- Barbra Streisand Women's Heart Center, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Li TY, Yeo S, Ngiam NJ, Lee CH, Low TT, Lim YC, Evangelista LKM, Lee EC, Sari NY, Yeo TC, Yip JW, Poh KK, Kong WK, Lin W, Sia CH, Wong RC. Effects of sex on clinical outcomes of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in Singapore. ANNALS OF THE ACADEMY OF MEDICINE, SINGAPORE 2023; 52:348-355. [PMID: 38904500 DOI: 10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.2022344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Despite the growing recognition that sex can affect the presentation and outcomes in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), this relationship is understudied in Asians. Therefore, we aimed to explore sex differences in Asian patients with HCM. Method A total of 295 consecutive patients diagnosed with HCM were recruited from a tertiary cardiology centre from 2010 to 2017 over a mean of 3.9±2.7 years. We evaluated the effects of sex on the outcomes of HCM in Asian patients. Results HCM patients were more commonly men (72%). Women were older and had more comorbidities, including hypertension and atrial fibrillation. On transthoracic echocardiography, the indexed left ventricular end-systolic and end-diastolic volumes were similar, but more women had more-than-moderate mitral regurgitation and had a smaller left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT). Women more commonly had findings of obstructive physiology with significant LVOT obstruction, defined as >30 mmHg at rest. The use of implantable cardioverter defibrillators was similar across sexes. On multivariable analysis, women were found to be more likely to develop progressive heart failure requiring admission (hazard ratio [HR] 2.10, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.05-4.71, P=0.021) but had a lower rate of all-cause mortality (HR 0.36, 95% CI 0.19-0.70, P=0.003). Conclusion Women diagnosed with HCM were older, had more comorbidities and were more likely to develop heart failure while men had a higher risk of all-cause mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony Yw Li
- Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre, Singapore
| | - Selvie Yeo
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nicholas Jh Ngiam
- Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Chi-Hang Lee
- Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ting Ting Low
- Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre, Singapore
| | - Yoke-Ching Lim
- Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre, Singapore
| | - Lauren Kay Mance Evangelista
- Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre, Singapore
- Department of Cardiology, University of the Philippines-Philippine General Hospital, Manila, Philippines
| | - Edward Cy Lee
- Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre, Singapore
| | - Novi Yanti Sari
- Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre, Singapore
| | - Tiong-Cheng Yeo
- Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - James Wl Yip
- Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kian-Keong Poh
- Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - William Kf Kong
- Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Weiqin Lin
- Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ching-Hui Sia
- Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Raymond Cc Wong
- Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Somwanshi A, Wadhwa P, Raza A, Hudda S, Magan M, Khera K. Natural Alternatives to Non-biodegradable Polymers in 3D Printing of Pharmaceuticals. Curr Pharm Des 2023; 29:2281-2290. [PMID: 37818585 DOI: 10.2174/0113816128259971230921111755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to potential toxicity, non-biodegradable polymers used in 3D (3-dimensional) printing of drugs could be dangerous for patient safety and the environment. OBJECTIVE This review aims to investigate the toxicity of non-biodegradable polymers and investigate the use of natural materials as an alternative in 3D printing medicines. The study evaluates the dangers connected to 3D printing. METHODS A review of the literature on various 3D printing processes, such as inkjet printing, fused filament manufacturing, and extrusion-related 3DP systems, was done for this study. Also, the use of cellulose derivatives and natural materials in 3D printing and their potential as active excipients was proposed. RESULTS The review identified potential toxicity risks linked to non-biodegradable polymers used in drug 3D printing. As a potential fix for this issue, the use of natural materials with improved mechanical and thermal properties was explored. The use of cellulose derivatives as an alternative to non-biodegradable polymers in 3D printing pharmaceuticals was also investigated in the study. CONCLUSION This study emphasises the significance of evaluating the risks connected to drug 3D printing and recommends using natural materials as an alternative to non-biodegradable polymers. More study is required to create secure and reliable 3D printing processes for pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayush Somwanshi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Grand Trunk Rd, Phagwara, Punjab 144001, India
| | - Pankaj Wadhwa
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Grand Trunk Rd, Phagwara, Punjab 144001, India
| | - Amir Raza
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Grand Trunk Rd, Phagwara, Punjab 144001, India
| | - Sharwan Hudda
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Grand Trunk Rd, Phagwara, Punjab 144001, India
| | - Muskan Magan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Grand Trunk Rd, Phagwara, Punjab 144001, India
| | - Kanav Khera
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Grand Trunk Rd, Phagwara, Punjab 144001, India
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Yoon HY, Lee H, Yee J, Gwak HS. Global Research Trends of Gender-Related Artificial Intelligence in Medicine Between 2001-2020: A Bibliometric Study. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:868040. [PMID: 35655848 PMCID: PMC9152019 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.868040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the research on medical Artificial intelligence (AI) related to sex/gender and explore global research trends over the past 20 years. We searched the Web of Science (WoS) for gender-related medical AI publications from 2001 to 2020. We extracted the bibliometric data and calculated the annual growth of publications, Specialization Index, and Category Normalized Citation Impact. We also analyzed the publication distributions by institution, author, WoS subject category, and journal. A total of 3,110 papers were included in the bibliometric analysis. The number of publications continuously increased over time, with a steep increase between 2016 and 2020. The United States of America and Harvard University were the country and institution that had the largest number of publications. Surgery and urology nephrology were the most common subject categories of WoS. The most occurred keywords were machine learning, classification, risk, outcomes, diagnosis, and surgery. Despite increased interest, gender-related research is still low in medical AI field and further research is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha Young Yoon
- College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Heisook Lee
- Korea Center for Gendered Innovations for Science and Technology Research, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeong Yee
- College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hye Sun Gwak
- College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
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Sex Differences in Cardiovascular Diseases: A Matter of Estrogens, Ceramides, and Sphingosine 1-Phosphate. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23074009. [PMID: 35409368 PMCID: PMC8999971 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23074009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The medical community recognizes sex-related differences in pathophysiology and cardiovascular disease outcomes (CVD), culminating with heart failure. In general, pre-menopausal women tend to have a better prognosis than men. Explaining why this occurs is not a simple matter. For decades, sex hormones like estrogens (Es) have been identified as one of the leading factors driving these sex differences. Indeed, Es seem protective in women as their decline, during and after menopause, coincides with an increased CV risk and HF development. However, clinical trials demonstrated that E replacement in post-menopause women results in adverse cardiac events and increased risk of breast cancer. Thus, a deeper understanding of E-related mechanisms is needed to provide a vital gateway toward better CVD prevention and treatment in women. Of note, sphingolipids (SLs) and their metabolism are strictly related to E activities. Among the SLs, ceramide and sphingosine 1-phosphate play essential roles in mammalian physiology, particularly in the CV system, and appear differently modulated in males and females. In keeping with this view, here we explore the most recent experimental and clinical observations about the role of E and SL metabolism, emphasizing how these factors impact the CV system.
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Sexual dimorphism in cardiometabolic and cardiac mitochondrial function in obese rats following sex hormone deprivation. Nutr Diabetes 2022; 12:11. [PMID: 35301277 PMCID: PMC8931139 DOI: 10.1038/s41387-022-00189-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our study aims to test the hypothesis that poorer function of cardiac mitochondria in males, under sex hormone-deprived and obese-insulin-resistant conditions, is responsible for a worse cardiometabolic function than females. METHODS One hundred and forty-four rats were subjected to receive either 12 weeks of normal diet (ND) or a high-fat diet (HFD) consumption following the induction of sex hormone deprivation. Temporal evaluations of metabolic parameters, cardiac autonomic modulation, left ventricular (LV) contractile, and mitochondrial functions were measured after starting each feeding protocol for 4, 8, and 12 weeks. RESULTS After HFD feeding for 8 weeks, increased plasma insulin and HOMA index were initially observed in male HFD-fed sham-operated rats (M-HFS), male HFD-fed orchiectomized rats (M-HFO), female ND-fed ovariectomized rats (F-OVX), female HFD-fed sham-operated rats (F-HFS), and female HFD-fed ovariectomized rats (F-HFO) groups. In addition, as early as week 4, male ND-fed orchiectomized rats (M-ORX) and M-HFO exhibited impaired cardiac autonomic balance, LV contractile and mitochondrial functions, whereas M-HFS and F-HFO developed these impairments at week 8 and F-OVX and F-HFS exhibited them at week 12. CONCLUSION We concluded that sex hormone-deprived females are prone to develop metabolic impairments, whereas males are more likely to have cardiac autonomic impairment, LV contractile and mitochondrial dysfunction even in the absence of obese-insulin-resistant condition. However, under estrogen-deprived condition, these impairments were further accelerated and aggravated by obese-insulin resistance.
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Abstract
The National Institutes of Health (NIH) Office of Research on Women's Health (ORWH) was established in 1990. With the completion of the office's 30th anniversary year, we look back and recount some of the key events and overall zeitgeist that led to ORWH's formation, and how it became the focal point at the nation's primary biomedical research agency for coordinating research on science to improve the health of women. We discuss ORWH's mission and signature programs and the bold vision that drives the NIH-wide strategic, interdisciplinary, and collaborative approach to research on women's health and efforts to promote women in biomedical careers. Also discussed are several of the many scientific advances in research on the health of women, policy innovations and their effects, and career advancements made by women in medicine and related scientific fields. We also highlight key challenges for the health of women, the need to continue pushing for equity in biomedical research careers, and NIH's approach to addressing these problems to ensure progress for the next 30 years and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regine Douthard
- Office of Research on Women's Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Janine Austin Clayton
- Office of Research on Women's Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Address correspondence to: Janine Austin Clayton, MD, FARVO, Office of Research on Women's Health, National Institutes of Health, 6707 Democracy Blvd., Suite #400, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Spets DS, Slotnick SD. It's time for sex in cognitive neuroscience. Cogn Neurosci 2021; 13:1-9. [PMID: 34719337 DOI: 10.1080/17588928.2021.1996343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
In a discussion paper published in the special issue of Cognitive Neuroscience, Sex Differences in the Brain, we investigated whether certain experimental parameters contributed to findings in functional magnetic resonance imaging studies of sex differences during long-term memory. Experimental parameters included: the number of participants, stimulus type(s), whether or not performance was matched, whether or not sex differences were reported, the type of between-subject statistical test used, and the contrast(s) employed. None of these parameters determined whether or not differences were observed, as all included studies reported sex differences. We also conducted a meta-analysis to determine if there were any brain regions consistently activated to a greater degree in either sex. The meta-analysis identified sex differences (male > female) in the lateral prefrontal cortex, visual processing regions, parahippocampal cortex, and the cerebellum. We received eight commentaries in response to that paper. Commentaries called for an expanded discussion on various topics including the influence of sex hormones, the role of gender (and other social factors), the pros and cons of equating behavioral performance between the sexes, and interpreting group differences in patterns of brain activity. There were some common statistical assumptions discussed in the commentaries regarding the 'file drawer' issue (i.e., the lack of reporting of null results) and effect size. The current paper provides further discussion of the various topics brought up in the commentaries and addresses some statistical misconceptions in the field. Overall, the commentaries echoed a resounding call to include sex as a factor in cognitive neuroscience studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan S Spets
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, United States
| | - Scott D Slotnick
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Boston College, Boston, United States
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Ambhore NS, Kalidhindi RSR, Sathish V. Sex-Steroid Signaling in Lung Diseases and Inflammation. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1303:243-273. [PMID: 33788197 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-63046-1_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Sex/gender difference exists in the physiology of multiple organs. Recent epidemiological reports suggest the influence of sex-steroids in modulating a wide variety of disease conditions. Sex-based discrepancies have been reported in pulmonary physiology and various chronic inflammatory responses associated with lung diseases like asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pulmonary fibrosis, and rare lung diseases. Notably, emerging clinical evidence suggests that several respiratory diseases affect women to a greater degree, with increased severity and prevalence than men. Although sex-specific differences in various lung diseases are evident, such differences are inherent to sex-steroids, which are major biological variables in men and women who play a central role to control these differences. The focus of this chapter is to comprehend the sex-steroid biology in inflammatory lung diseases and to understand the mechanistic role of sex-steroids signaling in regulating these diseases. Exploring the roles of sex-steroid signaling in the regulation of lung diseases and inflammation is crucial for the development of novel and effective therapy. Overall, we will illustrate the importance of differential sex-steroid signaling in lung diseases and their possible clinical implications for the development of complementary and alternative medicine to treat lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilesh Sudhakar Ambhore
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | | | - Venkatachalem Sathish
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA.
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Wang Y, Zhao HW, Wang CF, Meng QK, Cui CS, Zhang XJ, Zhu Y, Fan CY, Luo DF, Chen BJ, Luan B, Hou AJ. Gender Disparities in Clinical Outcome After Alcohol Septal Ablation for Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy in the Chinese Han Population: A Cohort Study. Heart Lung Circ 2020; 29:1856-1864. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2020.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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15
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Sex differences in health and disease: A review of biological sex differences relevant to cancer with a spotlight on glioma. Cancer Lett 2020; 498:178-187. [PMID: 33130315 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The influence of biological sex differences on human health and disease, while being increasingly recognized, has long been underappreciated and underexplored. While humans of all sexes are more alike than different, there is evidence for sex differences in the most basic aspects of human biology and these differences have consequences for the etiology and pathophysiology of many diseases. In a disease like cancer, these consequences manifest in the sex biases in incidence and outcome of many cancer types. The ability to deliver precise, targeted therapies to complex cancer cases is limited by our current understanding of the underlying sex differences. Gaining a better understanding of the implications and interplay of sex differences in diseases like cancer will thus be informative for clinical practice and biological research. Here we review the evidence for a broad array of biological sex differences in humans and discuss how these differences may relate to observed sex differences in various diseases, including many cancers and specifically glioblastoma. We focus on areas of human biology that play vital roles in healthy and disease states, including metabolism, development, hormones, and the immune system, and emphasize that the intersection of sex differences in these areas should not go overlooked. We further propose that mathematical approaches can be useful for exploring the extent to which sex differences affect disease outcomes and accounting for those in the development of therapeutic strategies.
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Kotta S, Nair A, Alsabeelah N. 3D Printing Technology in Drug Delivery: Recent Progress and Application. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 24:5039-5048. [PMID: 30520368 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666181206123828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 3D printing technology is a new chapter in pharmaceutical manufacturing and has gained vast interest in the recent past as it offers significant advantages over traditional pharmaceutical processes. Advances in technologies can lead to the design of suitable 3D printing device capable of producing formulations with intended drug release. METHODS This review summarizes the applications of 3D printing technology in various drug delivery systems. The applications are well arranged in different sections like uses in personalized drug dosing, complex drugrelease profiles, personalized topical treatment devices, novel dosage forms and drug delivery devices and 3D printed polypills. RESULTS This niche technology seems to be a transformative tool with more flexibility in pharmaceutical manufacturing. Typically, 3D printing is a layer-by-layer process having the ability to fabricate 3D formulations by depositing the product components by digital control. This additive manufacturing process can provide tailored and individualized dosing for treatment of patients different backgrounds with varied customs and metabolism pattern. In addition, this printing technology has the capacity for dispensing low volumes with accuracy along with accurate spatial control for customized drug delivery. After the FDA approval of first 3D printed tablet Spritam, the 3D printing technology is extensively explored in the arena of drug delivery. CONCLUSION There is enormous scope for this promising technology in designing various delivery systems and provides customized patient-compatible formulations with polypills. The future of this technology will rely on its prospective to provide 3D printing systems capable of manufacturing personalized doses. In nutshell, the 3D approach is likely to revolutionize drug delivery systems to a new level, though need time to evolve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabna Kotta
- College of Pharmacy and Dentistry, Buraydah Private Colleges, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anroop Nair
- College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nimer Alsabeelah
- College of Pharmacy and Dentistry, Buraydah Private Colleges, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
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Jang JH, Shin SH, Beak YS, Ko KY, Kwon SW, Park SD, Woo SI, Kim DH, Kwan J. Impact of gender on heart failure presentation in non-obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Heart Vessels 2019; 35:214-222. [PMID: 31482215 DOI: 10.1007/s00380-019-01492-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a genetic cardiac disease that represents a broad spectrum of morphologic features and clinical presentations. However, little is known about the impact of gender differences in heart failure (HF) development in non-obstructive HCM. We assessed clinical and echocardiographic parameters according to gender in patients with non-obstructive HCM and evaluated the impact of gender on HF presentation and cardiovascular (CV) outcomes in this population. We investigated 202 consecutive patients with non-obstructive HCM. Clinical parameters and conventional echocardiographic measurements including tissue Doppler measurements were evaluated and compared according to gender. Additionally, left ventricular (LV) deformation was assessed with global longitudinal strain (GLS) utilizing 2D speckle tracking software. Of the 202 patients (age = 63 ± 14 years, male: female = 141: 61), 51 patients (24.8%) presented with HF and female patients had HF more frequently (52.5% vs. 12.8%, P < 0.001). Females were older, had a higher prevalence of atrial fibrillation, had increased left atrial volume (LAV), and a higher ratio of early diastolic mitral inflow to early annular velocity (E/e') than males (70 ± 12 years vs. 59 ± 14 years, P < 0.001 for age; 51.4 ± 19.3 mL/m2 vs. 40.0 [Formula: see text] 13.4 mL/m2, P < 0.001 for indexed LAV; 17.2 [Formula: see text] 6.0 vs. 13.0 [Formula: see text] 4.3, P < 0.001 for E/e'). While LV maximal thickness and LV ejection fraction were comparable between men and women, GLS was decreased significantly in female patients (- 13.5 [Formula: see text] 3.4% vs. - 15.6 [Formula: see text] 4.0%, P = 0.001 for GLS). Even after adjusting for clinical factors, female was independently associated with HF presentation (Odd ratio 5.19, 95% CI 2.24-12.03, P < 0.001). During a median follow-up duration 34.0 months, 20 patients (9.9%) had HF hospitalization or CV death. In a multivariable analysis, female gender was associated with higher risk of the composite of HF hospitalization or CV death and HF hospitalization alone than male (Adjusted hazard ratio [HR] = 3.31, 95% CI 1.17-9.35, P = 0.024 for primary composite outcome of HF hospitalization or CV death; adjusted HR = 4.78, 95% CI 1.53-14.96, P = 0.007 for HF hospitalization). In patients with non-obstructive HCM, female patients presented with HF more frequently and showed a higher risk of CV events than male patients. LA volume, E/e' and LV mechanics were different between the genders, suggesting that these might contribute to greater susceptibility to HF in women with HCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hun Jang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University Hospital, 27, Inhang-ro, Jung-gu, Incheon, 400-711, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hee Shin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University Hospital, 27, Inhang-ro, Jung-gu, Incheon, 400-711, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yong Soo Beak
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University Hospital, 27, Inhang-ro, Jung-gu, Incheon, 400-711, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Yong Ko
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University Hospital, 27, Inhang-ro, Jung-gu, Incheon, 400-711, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Woo Kwon
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University Hospital, 27, Inhang-ro, Jung-gu, Incheon, 400-711, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Don Park
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University Hospital, 27, Inhang-ro, Jung-gu, Incheon, 400-711, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Ill Woo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University Hospital, 27, Inhang-ro, Jung-gu, Incheon, 400-711, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Hyeok Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University Hospital, 27, Inhang-ro, Jung-gu, Incheon, 400-711, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Kwan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University Hospital, 27, Inhang-ro, Jung-gu, Incheon, 400-711, Republic of Korea
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Minutolo R, Gabbai FB, Chiodini P, Provenzano M, Borrelli S, Garofalo C, Bellizzi V, Russo D, Conte G, De Nicola L. Sex Differences in the Progression of CKD Among Older Patients: Pooled Analysis of 4 Cohort Studies. Am J Kidney Dis 2019; 75:30-38. [PMID: 31409508 DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2019.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE & OBJECTIVE Data for the association of sex with chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression are conflicting, a relationship this study sought to examine. STUDY DESIGN Pooled analysis of 4 Italian observational cohort studies. SETTING & PARTICIPANTS 1,311 older men and 1,024 older women with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)<45mL/min/1.73m2 followed up in renal clinics. PREDICTOR Sex. OUTCOMES End-stage kidney disease (ESKD), defined as maintenance dialysis or kidney transplantation, as the primary outcome; all-cause mortality and eGFR decline as secondary outcomes. ANALYTICAL APPROACH Cox proportional hazard analysis to estimate the relative risk for ESKD and mortality and linear mixed models to estimate the rate of eGFR decline. RESULTS Age, systolic blood pressure, and use of renin-angiotensin system inhibitors were similar in men and women. Baseline eGFRs were 27.6±10.2 in men and 26.0±10.6mL/min/1.73m2 in women (P<0.001), while median proteinuria was lower in women (protein excretion, 0.45 [IQR, 0.14-1.10] g/d) compared with men (0.69 [IQR 0.19-1.60] g/d; P<0.001). During a median follow-up of 4.2 years, 757 developed ESKD (59.4% men) and 471 died (58.4% men). The adjusted risks for ESKD and mortality were higher in men (HRs of 1.50 [95% CI, 1.28-1.77] and 1.30 [95% CI, 1.06-1.60], respectively). This finding was consistent across CKD stages. We observed a significant interaction between sex and proteinuria, with the risk for ESKD in men being significantly greater than for women at a level of proteinuria of ∼0.5g/d or greater. The slope of decline in eGFR was steeper in men (-2.09; 95% CI, -2.21 to-1.97mL/min/1.73m2 per year) than in women (-1.79; 95% CI, -1.92 to-1.66mL/min/1.73m2 per year; P<0.001). Although sex differences in eGFR decline were not different across CKD stages (P=0.3), the difference in slopes between men and women was progressively larger with proteinuria >0.5g/d (P = 0.04). LIMITATIONS Residual confounding; only whites were included. CONCLUSIONS Excess renal risk in men may, at least in part, be related to higher levels of proteinuria in men compared with women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Minutolo
- Division of Nephrology, University of Campania, Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy.
| | - Francis B Gabbai
- Department of Medicine, VA San Diego Healthcare System and University of California at San Diego Medical School, San Diego, CA
| | - Paolo Chiodini
- Medical Statistics Unit, University of Campania, Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Michele Provenzano
- Division of Nephrology, University of Campania, Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Silvio Borrelli
- Division of Nephrology, University of Campania, Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Carlo Garofalo
- Division of Nephrology, University of Campania, Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Bellizzi
- Nephrology Unit, University Hospital "San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona," Salerno, Italy
| | - Domenico Russo
- Department of Public Health, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Conte
- Division of Nephrology, University of Campania, Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Luca De Nicola
- Division of Nephrology, University of Campania, Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
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Khan SI, Andrews KL, Jennings GL, Sampson AK, Chin-Dusting JPF. Y Chromosome, Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease: Is Inflammation the Answer? Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20122892. [PMID: 31200567 PMCID: PMC6627840 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20122892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
It is now becomingly increasingly evident that the functions of the mammalian Y chromosome are not circumscribed to the induction of male sex. While animal studies have shown variations in the Y are strongly accountable for blood pressure (BP), this is yet to be confirmed in humans. We have recently shown modulation of adaptive immunity to be a significant mechanism underpinning Y-chromosome-dependent differences in BP in consomic strains. This is paralleled by studies in man showing Y chromosome haplogroup is a significant predictor for coronary artery disease through influencing pathways of immunity. Furthermore, recent studies in mice and humans have shown that Y chromosome lineage determines susceptibility to autoimmune disease. Here we review the evidence in animals and humans that Y chromosome lineage influences hypertension and cardiovascular disease risk, with a novel focus on pathways of immunity as a significant pathway involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanzana I Khan
- Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia.
| | - Karen L Andrews
- Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia.
| | - Garry L Jennings
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia.
| | - Amanda K Sampson
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia.
| | - Jaye P F Chin-Dusting
- Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia.
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Yu Y, Wei SG, Weiss RM, Felder RB. Sex differences in the central and peripheral manifestations of ischemia-induced heart failure in rats. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2019; 316:H70-H79. [PMID: 30289294 PMCID: PMC6383354 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00499.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Sex differences in the presentation, outcome, and responses to treatment of systolic heart failure (HF) have been reported. In the present study, we examined the effect of sex on central neural mechanisms contributing to neurohumoral excitation and its peripheral manifestations in rats with HF. Male and female Sprague-Dawley rats underwent coronary artery ligation (CL) to induce HF. Age-matched rats served as controls. Ischemic zone and left ventricular function were similar 24 h and 4 wk after CL. Female rats with HF had a lower mortality rate and less hemodynamic compromise, pulmonary congestion, and right ventricular remodeling 4 wk after CL. Plasma angiotensin II (ANG II), arginine vasopressin (AVP), and norepinephrine levels were increased in HF rats in both sexes, but AVP and norepinephrine levels increased less in female rats. In the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus, a key cardiovascular-related nucleus contributing to neurohumoral excitation in HF, mRNA levels for the proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β as well as cyclooxygenase-2 and the ANG II type 1a receptor were increased in HF rats of both sexes, but less so in female rats. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 protein levels increased in female HF rats but decreased in male HF rats. mRNA levels of AVP were lower in female rats in both control and HF groups compared with the respective male groups. Activation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1 and 2 increased similarly in both sexes in HF. The results suggest that female HF rats have less central neural excitation and less associated hemodynamic compromise than male HF rats with the same degree of initial ischemic cardiac injury. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Sex differences in the presentation and responses to treatment of heart failure (HF) are widely recognized, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. The present study describes sex differences in the central nervous system mechanisms that drive neurohumoral excitation in ischemia-induced HF. Female rats had a less intense central neurochemical response to HF and experienced less hemodynamic compromise. Sex hormones may contribute to these differences in the central and peripheral adaptations to HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Shun-Guang Wei
- Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Robert M Weiss
- Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Robert B Felder
- Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Iowa City, Iowa
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21
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Geske JB, Ong KC, Siontis KC, Hebl VB, Ackerman MJ, Hodge DO, Miller VM, Nishimura RA, Oh JK, Schaff HV, Gersh BJ, Ommen SR. Women with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy have worse survival. Eur Heart J 2018; 38:3434-3440. [PMID: 29020402 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims Sex differences in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) remain unclear. We sought to characterize sex differences in a large HCM referral centre population. Methods and results Three thousand six hundred and seventy-three adult patients with HCM underwent evaluation between January 1975 and September 2012 with 1661 (45.2%) female. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were assessed via log-rank test. Cox proportional hazard regression analyses evaluated the relation of sex with survival. At index visit, women were older (59 ± 16 vs. 52 ± 15 years, P < 0.0001) had more symptoms [New York Heart Association (NYHA) Class III-IV 45.0% vs. 35.3%, P < 0.0001], more obstructive physiology (77.4% vs. 71.8%, P = 0.0001), more mitral regurgitation (moderate or greater in 56.1% vs. 43.9%, P < 0.0001), higher E/e' ratio (n = 1649, 20.6 vs. 15.6, P < 0.0001), higher estimated pulmonary artery systolic pressure (n = 1783, 40.8 ± 15.4 vs. 34.8 ± 10.8 mmHg, P < 0.0001), worse cardiopulmonary exercise performance (n = 1267; percent VO2 predicted 62.8 ± 20% vs. 65.8 ± 19.2%, P = 0.007), and underwent more frequent alcohol septal ablation (4.9% vs. 3.0%, P = 0.004) but similar frequency of myectomy (28% vs. 30%, P = 0.24). Median follow-up was 10.9 (IQR 7.4-16.2) years. Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated lower survival in women compared with men (P < 0.0001). In multivariable modelling, female sex remained independently associated with mortality (HR 1.13 [1.03-1.22], P = 0.01) when adjusted for age, NYHA Class III-IV symptoms, and cardiovascular comorbidities. Conclusion Women with HCM present at more advanced age, with more symptoms, worse cardiopulmonary exercise tolerance, and different haemodynamics than men. Sex is an important determinant in HCM management as women with HCM have worse survival. Women may require more aggressive diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey B Geske
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. S.W., Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Kevin C Ong
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. S.W., Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Konstantinos C Siontis
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. S.W., Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Virginia B Hebl
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. S.W., Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Michael J Ackerman
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. S.W., Rochester, MN 55905, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. S.W., Rochester, MN 55905, USA.,Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. S.W., Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - David O Hodge
- Department of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. S.W., Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Virginia M Miller
- Women's Health Research Center, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. S.W., Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Rick A Nishimura
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. S.W., Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Jae K Oh
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. S.W., Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Hartzell V Schaff
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. S.W., Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Bernard J Gersh
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. S.W., Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Steve R Ommen
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. S.W., Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE An index of biomarkers derived from dietary factors (diet-biomarker-related index) identifies foods and nutrients that encompass physiological potentials and provides scientific evidence for dietary patterns that increase the risk of disease associated with specific biomarkers. Although men and women have different dietary patterns and physiological characteristics, sex is not often considered when investigators develop a diet-biomarker-related index. We aimed to review whether epidemiological studies developed diet-biomarker-related indices in a sex-specific way. DESIGN We systematically searched for epidemiological studies that developed diet-biomarker-related indices, including (i) biomarker prediction indices that include dietary factors as explanatory variables and (ii) dietary patterns to explain biomarker variations, in the PubMed and EMBASE databases. We qualitatively reviewed the sex consideration in index development. RESULTS We identified seventy-nine studies that developed a diet-biomarker-related index. We found that fifty-four studies included both men and women. Of these fifty-four studies, twenty-nine (53·7 %) did not consider sex, eleven (20·3 %) included sex in the development model, seven (13·0 %) considered sex but did not include sex in the development model, and seven (13·0 %) derived a diet-biomarker-related index for men and women separately. A list of selected dietary factors that explained levels of biomarkers generally differed by sex in the studies that developed a diet-biomarker-related index in a sex-specific way. CONCLUSIONS Most studies that included both men and women did not develop the diet-biomarker-related index in a sex-specific way. Further research is needed to identify whether a sex-specific diet-biomarker-related index is more predictive of the disease of interest than an index without sex consideration.
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Genome-Wide Association Studies and Risk Scores for Coronary Artery Disease: Sex Biases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1065:627-642. [PMID: 30051411 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-77932-4_38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Phenotypic sex differences in coronary artery disease (CAD) and its risk factors have been apparent for many decades in basic and clinical research; however, whether these are also present at the gene level and thus influence genome-wide association and genetic risk prediction studies has often been ignored. From fundamental and medical standpoints, this is critically important to assess in order to fully understand the underlying genetic architecture that predisposes to CAD and better predict disease outcomes based on the interaction between genes, sex effects, and environment. In this chapter we aimed to (1) integrate the history and latest research from genome-wide association studies for CAD and clinical and genetic risk scores for prediction of CAD, (2) highlight sex-specific differences in these areas of research, and (3) discuss reasons why sex differences have often not been considered and, where present, why sex differences exist at genetic and phenotypic levels and how important they are for consideration in future research. While we find interesting examples of sex differences in effects of genetic variants on CAD, genome-wide association and genetic risk studies have typically not tested for sex-specific effects despite mounting evidence from diverse fields that these are likely very important to consider at both the genetic and phenotypic levels. In-depth testing for sex effects in large-scale genome-wide association studies that include autosomal and often excluded sex chromosomes alongside parallel improvements in resolution of sex-specific differences for risk factors and disease outcomes for CAD has the potential to substantially improve clinical and genetic risk prediction studies. Developing sex-tailored genetic risk scores as has been done recently for other disorders might be also warranted for CAD. In the era of precision medicine, this level of accuracy is essential for such a common and costly disease.
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Rieß FC, Behrendt CA, Amin W, Heller S, Hansen L, Winkel S, Stripling J, Rieß HC. Complete arterial revascularization using bilateral internal mammary artery in T-graft technique for multivessel coronary artery disease in on- or off-pump approach: does gender lose its historical impact on clinical outcome? Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2017; 52:917-923. [DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezx287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Mitochondria: a central target for sex differences in pathologies. Clin Sci (Lond) 2017; 131:803-822. [PMID: 28424375 DOI: 10.1042/cs20160485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 01/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
It is increasingly acknowledged that a sex and gender specificity affects the occurrence, development, and consequence of a plethora of pathologies. Mitochondria are considered as the powerhouse of the cell because they produce the majority of energy-rich phosphate bonds in the form of adenosine tri-phosphate (ATP) but they also participate in many other functions like steroid hormone synthesis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, ionic regulation, and cell death. Adequate cellular energy supply and survival depend on mitochondrial life cycle, a process involving mitochondrial biogenesis, dynamics, and quality control via mitophagy. It appears that mitochondria are the place of marked sexual dimorphism involving mainly oxidative capacities, calcium handling, and resistance to oxidative stress. In turn, sex hormones regulate mitochondrial function and biogenesis. Mutations in genes encoding mitochondrial proteins are the origin of serious mitochondrial genetic diseases. Mitochondrial dysfunction is also an important parameter for a large panel of pathologies including neuromuscular disorders, encephalopathies, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), metabolic disorders, neuropathies, renal dysfunction etc. Many of these pathologies present sex/gender specificity. Here we review the sexual dimorphism of mitochondria from different tissues and how this dimorphism takes part in the sex specificity of important pathologies mainly CVDs and neurological disorders.
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Garcia M, Miller VM, Gulati M, Hayes SN, Manson JE, Wenger NK, Bairey Merz CN, Mankad R, Pollak AW, Mieres J, Kling J, Mulvagh SL. Focused Cardiovascular Care for Women: The Need and Role in Clinical Practice. Mayo Clin Proc 2016; 91:226-40. [PMID: 26848004 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2015.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade, an emerging clinical research focus on cardiovascular (CV) disease (CVD) risk in women has highlighted sex-specific factors that are uniquely important in the prevention and early detection of coronary atherosclerosis in women. Concurrently, a 30% decrease in the number of female deaths from CVD has been observed. Despite this, CVD continues to be the leading cause of death in women, outnumbering deaths from all other causes combined. Clinical practice approaches that focus on the unique aspects of CV care for women are needed to provide necessary resources for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of CVD in women. In addition to increasing opportunities for women to participate in CV research, Women's Heart Clinics offer unique settings in which to deliver comprehensive CV care and education, ensuring appropriate diagnostic testing, while monitoring effectiveness of treatment. This article reviews the emerging need and role of focused CV care to address sex-specific aspects of diagnosis and treatment of CVD in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Garcia
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Virginia M Miller
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Physiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Martha Gulati
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | | | - JoAnn E Manson
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Nanette K Wenger
- Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - C Noel Bairey Merz
- Barbra Streisand Women's Heart Center, Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Rekha Mankad
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Amy W Pollak
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Jennifer Mieres
- Department of Cardiology, Hofstra North Short-LIJ School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY
| | - Juliana Kling
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ
| | - Sharon L Mulvagh
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
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Sun Y, Soh S. Printing Tablets with Fully Customizable Release Profiles for Personalized Medicine. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2015; 27:7847-7853. [PMID: 26498272 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201504122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Personalizing the release profiles of drugs is important for different people with different medical and biological conditions. A technically simple and low-cost method to fabricate fully customizable tablets that can deliver drugs with any type of release profile is described. The customization is intuitively straightforward: the desired profile can simply be "drawn" and printed by a 3D printer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajuan Sun
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Siowling Soh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
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Avgil Tsadok M, Jackevicius CA, Rahme E, Humphries KH, Pilote L. Sex Differences in Dabigatran Use, Safety, And Effectiveness In a Population-Based Cohort of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes 2015; 8:593-9. [DOI: 10.1161/circoutcomes.114.001398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meytal Avgil Tsadok
- From the Divisions of Clinical Epidemiology (M.A.T.,E.R., L.P.) and General Internal Medicine (L.P.), McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Pharmacy Practice and Administration, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, CA (C.A.J.); Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Canada (C.A.J.); Department of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (C.A.J.); University Health
| | - Cynthia A. Jackevicius
- From the Divisions of Clinical Epidemiology (M.A.T.,E.R., L.P.) and General Internal Medicine (L.P.), McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Pharmacy Practice and Administration, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, CA (C.A.J.); Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Canada (C.A.J.); Department of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (C.A.J.); University Health
| | - Elham Rahme
- From the Divisions of Clinical Epidemiology (M.A.T.,E.R., L.P.) and General Internal Medicine (L.P.), McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Pharmacy Practice and Administration, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, CA (C.A.J.); Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Canada (C.A.J.); Department of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (C.A.J.); University Health
| | - Karin H. Humphries
- From the Divisions of Clinical Epidemiology (M.A.T.,E.R., L.P.) and General Internal Medicine (L.P.), McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Pharmacy Practice and Administration, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, CA (C.A.J.); Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Canada (C.A.J.); Department of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (C.A.J.); University Health
| | - Louise Pilote
- From the Divisions of Clinical Epidemiology (M.A.T.,E.R., L.P.) and General Internal Medicine (L.P.), McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Pharmacy Practice and Administration, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, CA (C.A.J.); Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Canada (C.A.J.); Department of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (C.A.J.); University Health
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Exercise vasodilation is greater in women: contributions of nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase. Eur J Appl Physiol 2015; 115:1735-46. [PMID: 25820143 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-015-3160-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We hypothesized exercise vasodilation would be greater in women due to nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and cyclooxygenase (COX) signaling. METHODS 45 healthy adults (23 women, W, 22 men, M, 26 ± 1 years) completed two 10-min trials of dynamic forearm exercise at 15 % intensity. Forearm blood flow (FBF; Doppler ultrasound), arterial pressure (brachial catheter), and forearm lean mass were measured to calculate relative forearm vascular conductance (FVCrel) = FBF 100 mmHg(-1) 100 g(-1) lean mass. Local intra-arterial infusion of L-NMMA or ketorolac acutely inhibited NOS and COX, respectively. In Trial 1, the first 5 min served as control exercise (CON), followed by 5 min of L-NMMA or ketorolac over the last 5 min of exercise. In Trial 2, the remaining drug was infused during 5-10 min, to achieve combined NOS-COX inhibition (double blockade, DB). RESULTS Are mean ± SE. Women exhibited 29 % greater vasodilation in CON (ΔFVCrel, 19 ± 1 vs. 15 ± 1, p = 0.01). L-NMMA reduced ΔFVCrel (p < 0.001) (W: Δ -2.3 ± 1.3 vs. M: Δ -3.7 ± 0.8, p = 0.25); whereas, ketorolac modestly increased ΔFVCrel (p = 0.04) similarly between sexes (W: Δ 1.6 ± 1.1 vs. M: Δ 2.0 ± 1.6, p = 0.78). DB was also found to be similar between the sexes (p = 0.85). CONCLUSION These data clearly indicate women produce a greater exercise vasodilator response. Furthermore, contrary to experiments in animal models, these data are the first to demonstrate vascular control by NOS and COX is similar between sexes.
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Sex steroid signaling: implications for lung diseases. Pharmacol Ther 2015; 150:94-108. [PMID: 25595323 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2015.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing recognition that sex hormones (estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone) have biological and pathophysiological actions in peripheral, non-reproductive organs, including the lung. Clinically, sex differences in the incidence, morbidity and mortality of lung diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pulmonary fibrosis, lung cancer and pulmonary hypertension have been noted, although intrinsic sex differences vs. the roles of sex steroids are still not well-understood. Accordingly, it becomes important to ask the following questions: 1) Which sex steroids are involved? 2) How do they affect different components of the lung under normal circumstances? 3) How does sex steroid signaling change in or contribute to lung disease, and in this regard, are sex steroids detrimental or beneficial? As our understanding of sex steroid signaling in the lung improves, it is important to consider whether such information can be used to develop new therapeutic strategies to target lung diseases, perhaps in both sexes or in a sex-specific manner. In this review, we focus on the basics of sex steroid signaling, and the current state of knowledge regarding how they influence structure and function of specific lung components across the life span and in the context of some important lung diseases. We then summarize the potential for sex steroids as useful biomarkers and therapeutic targets in these lung diseases as a basis for future translational research in the area of gender and individualized medicine.
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Oertelt-Prigione S, Gohlke BO, Dunkel M, Preissner R, Regitz-Zagrosek V. GenderMedDB: an interactive database of sex and gender-specific medical literature. Biol Sex Differ 2014; 5:7. [PMID: 24904731 PMCID: PMC4047004 DOI: 10.1186/2042-6410-5-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Searches for sex and gender-specific publications are complicated by the absence of a specific algorithm within search engines and by the lack of adequate archives to collect the retrieved results. We previously addressed this issue by initiating the first systematic archive of medical literature containing sex and/or gender-specific analyses. This initial collection has now been greatly enlarged and re-organized as a free user-friendly database with multiple functions: GenderMedDB (http://gendermeddb.charite.de). DESCRIPTION GenderMedDB retrieves the included publications from the PubMed database. Manuscripts containing sex and/or gender-specific analysis are continuously screened and the relevant findings organized systematically into disciplines and diseases. Publications are furthermore classified by research type, subject and participant numbers. More than 11,000 abstracts are currently included in the database, after screening more than 40,000 publications. The main functions of the database include searches by publication data or content analysis based on pre-defined classifications. In addition, registrants are enabled to upload relevant publications, access descriptive publication statistics and interact in an open user forum. CONCLUSIONS Overall, GenderMedDB offers the advantages of a discipline-specific search engine as well as the functions of a participative tool for the gender medicine community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Oertelt-Prigione
- Institute of Gender in Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Hessische Str. 3/4, Berlin 10117, Germany ; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Berlin, Germany
| | - Björn-Oliver Gohlke
- Structural Bioinformatics Group, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin 13125, Germany ; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Mathias Dunkel
- Structural Bioinformatics Group, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin 13125, Germany
| | - Robert Preissner
- Structural Bioinformatics Group, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin 13125, Germany
| | - Vera Regitz-Zagrosek
- Institute of Gender in Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Hessische Str. 3/4, Berlin 10117, Germany ; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Berlin, Germany ; Center for Cardiovascular Research (CCR), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin 10115, Germany
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Oertelt-Prigione S, Klinger C, Rau B. Perceived Relevance of Gender-Specific Differences in Gastrointestinal Medicine and Surgery: Results of a Survey. VISZERALMEDIZIN 2014; 30:108-13. [PMID: 26286374 PMCID: PMC4513801 DOI: 10.1159/000360742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Background The recognition of the relevance of sex and gender differences in medicine has significantly increased in the last 20 years. Nonetheless, the implementation of these aspects into clinical practice still remains to be attained. In particular, while sex differences – which refer to biological attributes – are widely accepted, gender concepts – which include sociocultural and psychological properties – are frequently treated with diffidence. Methods In December 2012 and January 2013, all members of the German Society for General and Abdominal Surgery (DGAV) were invited to participate in an online-based survey to determine the relevance and incorporation of sex and gender aspects in gastrointestinal medicine and surgery. Results 493 (13.4%) of the 3,689 members of the DGAV participated in the survey. More than 50% of the participants reported including sex and gender aspects into consultation, diagnosis, and management at least occasionally. However, 44% reported no knowledge of the formal definition of ‘gender medicine’, suggesting potential differences in the perception of the notion of gender. Conclusion The participants of the survey demonstrated vast knowledge about sex differences, while gender attributes were generally neglected. Since gender features are critically relevant for prevention as well as during medical consultation, we suggest this area as a potential target for further training initiatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Oertelt-Prigione
- Institut für Geschlechterforschung in der Medizin (GiM), Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Campus Mitte, Germany
| | - Carsten Klinger
- StuDoQ - Studien-, Dokumentations- und Qualitätszentrum, Deutsche Gesellschaft für Allgemein- und Viszeralchirurgie, Germany
| | - Beate Rau
- Klinik für Allgemein-, Viszeral-, Gefäß- und Thoraxchirurgie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
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Abstract
Hypertension is a complex and multifaceted disease, and there are well established sex differences in many aspects of blood pressure (BP) control. The intent of this review is to highlight recent work examining sex differences in the molecular mechanisms of BP control in hypertension to assess whether the "one-size-fits-all" approach to BP control is appropriate with regard to sex.
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Abstract
The development of thoracic aortic aneurysms (TAAs) involves a multifactorial process resulting in alterations of the structure and composition of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Recently, modifications in microRNA (miRNA) expression were implicated in the pathogenesis of TAA. This study presents a preliminary miRNA microarray analysis conducted on pooled ascending aorta RNAs obtained from non familial non syndromic TAA patients (five males and five females) compared to matched control pools. Ninety-nine differentially expressed miRNAs with >1.5-fold-up- or down-regulation in TAAs compared to controls were identified, 16.0% of which were similarly regulated in the two sexes. Genes putatively targeted by differentially expressed miRNAs belonged preferentially to focal adhesion and adherens junction pathways. The results indicate an altered regulation of miRNA-mediated gene expression in the cellular interactions of aneurysmal aortic wall.
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Pal S, Radavelli-Bagatini S, Ho S. Potential benefits of exercise on blood pressure and vascular function. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 7:494-506. [PMID: 23992766 DOI: 10.1016/j.jash.2013.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2013] [Revised: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Physical activity seems to enhance cardiovascular fitness during the course of the lifecycle, improve blood pressure, and is associated with decreased prevalence of hypertension and coronary heart disease. It may also delay or prevent age-related increases in arterial stiffness. It is unclear if specific exercise types (aerobic, resistance, or combination) have a better effect on blood pressure and vascular function. This review was written based on previous original articles, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses indexed on PubMed from years 1975 to 2012 to identify studies on different types of exercise and the associations or effects on blood pressure and vascular function. In summary, aerobic exercise (30 to 40 minutes of training at 60% to 85% of predicted maximal heart rate, most days of the week) appears to significantly improve blood pressure and reduce augmentation index. Resistance training (three to four sets of eight to 12 repetitions at 10 repetition maximum, 3 days a week) appears to significantly improve blood pressure, whereas combination exercise training (15 minutes of aerobic and 15 minutes of resistance, 5 days a week) is beneficial to vascular function, but at a lower scale. Aerobic exercise seems to better benefit blood pressure and vascular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebely Pal
- School of Public Health, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
| | - Simone Radavelli-Bagatini
- School of Public Health, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Suleen Ho
- School of Public Health, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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Abstract
This article examines the differences and interaction between sex and gender, and how they affect women's oral and general health. The authors provide a definition of women's health, and examples of how this definition can be used to describe various oral health conditions and diseases in women. The article reviews the research on sex and gender and provides examples of their interactions. Examples of oral diseases that affect primarily women are reviewed. Advice for clinicians on the diagnosis, management, and prevention of these conditions is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda C Niessen
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Baylor College of Dentistry, Texas A&M University, Dallas, TX 75246, USA.
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Miller VM, Garovic VD, Kantarci K, Barnes JN, Jayachandran M, Mielke MM, Joyner MJ, Shuster LT, Rocca WA. Sex-specific risk of cardiovascular disease and cognitive decline: pregnancy and menopause. Biol Sex Differ 2013; 4:6. [PMID: 23537114 PMCID: PMC3623746 DOI: 10.1186/2042-6410-4-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the biology of sex differences is integral to personalized medicine. Cardiovascular disease and cognitive decline are two related conditions, with distinct sex differences in morbidity and clinical manifestations, response to treatments, and mortality. Although mortality from all-cause cardiovascular diseases has declined in women over the past five years, due in part to increased educational campaigns regarding the recognition of symptoms and application of treatment guidelines, the mortality in women still exceeds that of men. The physiological basis for these differences requires further research, with particular attention to two physiological conditions which are unique to women and associated with hormonal changes: pregnancy and menopause. Both conditions have the potential to impact life-long cardiovascular risk, including cerebrovascular function and cognition in women. This review draws on epidemiological, translational, clinical, and basic science studies to assess the impact of hypertensive pregnancy disorders on cardiovascular disease and cognitive function later in life, and examines the effects of post-menopausal hormone treatments on cardiovascular risk and cognition in midlife women. We suggest that hypertensive pregnancy disorders and menopause activate vascular components, i.e., vascular endothelium and blood elements, including platelets and leukocytes, to release cell-membrane derived microvesicles that are potential mediators of changes in cerebral blood flow, and may ultimately affect cognition in women as they age. Research into specific sex differences for these disease processes with attention to an individual's sex chromosomal complement and hormonal status is important and timely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia M Miller
- Departments of Surgery and Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Vesna D Garovic
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Kejal Kantarci
- Department of Radiology, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Jill N Barnes
- Department of Anesthesiology, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Muthuvel Jayachandran
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Michelle M Mielke
- Department of Health Science Research, Division of Epidemiology, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Michael J Joyner
- Department of Anesthesiology, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Lynne T Shuster
- Department of Internal Medicine, Women’s Health Clinic, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Walter A Rocca
- Department of Health Science Research, Division of Epidemiology, and Neurology, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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Rah H, Jeon YJ, Lee WS, Jung YW, Choi DH, Kwon H, Kim JH, Shin JE, Kim NK. Association of nitric oxide synthase gene polymorphisms (−786T>C, 4a4b, 894G>T) with primary ovarian insufficiency in Korean women. Maturitas 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2012.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Reimann K, Krishnamoorthy G, Wangemann P. NOS inhibition enhances myogenic tone by increasing rho-kinase mediated Ca2+ sensitivity in the male but not the female gerbil spiral modiolar artery. PLoS One 2013; 8:e53655. [PMID: 23301097 PMCID: PMC3536759 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2012] [Accepted: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cochlear blood flow regulation is important to prevent hearing loss caused by ischemia and oxidative stress. Cochlear blood supply is provided by the spiral modiolar artery (SMA). The myogenic tone of the SMA is enhanced by the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) blocker L-NG-Nitro-Arginine (LNNA) in males, but not in females. Here, we investigated whether this gender difference is based on differences in the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration and/or the Ca2+ sensitivity of the myofilaments. Vascular diameter, myogenic tone, cytosolic Ca2+, and Ca2+ sensitivity were evaluated in pressurized SMA segments isolated from male and female gerbils using laser-scanning microscopy and microfluorometry. The gender difference of the LNNA-induced tone was compared, in the same vessel segments, to tone induced by 150 mM K+ and endothelin-1, neither of which showed an apparent gender-difference. Interestingly, LNNA-induced tone in male SMAs was observed in protocols that included changes in intramural pressure, but not when the intramural pressure was held constant. LNNA in male SMAs did not increase the global Ca2+ concentration in smooth muscle cells but increased the Ca2+ sensitivity. This increase in the Ca2+ sensitivity was abolished in the presence of the guanylyl cyclase inhibitor ODQ or by extrinsic application of either the nitric oxide (NO)-donor DEA-NONOate or the cGMP analog 8-pCPT-cGMP. The rho-kinase blocker Y27632 decreased the basal Ca2+ sensitivity and abolished the LNNA-induced increase in Ca2+ sensitivity in male SMAs. Neither LNNA nor Y27632 changed the Ca2+ sensitivity in female SMAs. The data suggest that the gender difference in LNNA-induced tone is based on a gender difference in the regulation of rho-kinase mediated Ca2+ sensitivity. Rho-kinase and NO thus emerge as critical factors in the regulation of cochlear blood flow. The larger role of NO-dependent mechanisms in male SMAs predicts greater restrictions on cochlear blood flow under conditions of impaired endothelial cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Reimann
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
- Universitätsklinik für Hals-, Nasen- und Ohrenheilkunde, Eberhard-Karls Universität, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Gayathri Krishnamoorthy
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Philine Wangemann
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Women continue to be underrepresented in clinical trials, particularly in Phases I and II of experimental drug studies in spite of legislative guidelines in the USA, Canada, the European Union, Australia, and Japan requiring the inclusion of women in clinical trials. As such, women remain a vulnerable population subject to the adverse effects of pharmacological therapies. Thus, women experience higher rates of adverse drug reactions than do men and for women of reproductive age or who may be pregnant, therapeutic options may be limited. This chapter provides a brief history of inclusion of sex and gender as variables in clinical trials, summarizes governmental legislation for consideration of sex and gender in clinical trials and provides specific examples of drugs which have been withdrawn from the market because of side effects in women. Additional information related to sex and gender in preclinical testing, trial design, challenges to recruitment of women for clinical trials and statistical methods for analysis of data also is considered.
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Llauradó G, Ceperuelo-Mallafré V, Vilardell C, Simó R, Freixenet N, Vendrell J, González-Clemente JM. Arterial stiffness is increased in patients with type 1 diabetes without cardiovascular disease: a potential role of low-grade inflammation. Diabetes Care 2012; 35:1083-9. [PMID: 22357186 PMCID: PMC3329819 DOI: 10.2337/dc11-1475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between arterial stiffness and low-grade inflammation in subjects with type 1 diabetes without clinical cardiovascular disease. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Sixty-eight patients with type 1 diabetes and 68 age- and sex-matched healthy subjects were evaluated. Arterial stiffness was assessed by aortic pulse wave velocity (aPWV). Serum concentrations of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), interleukin (IL)-6, and soluble fractions of tumor necrosis factor-α receptors 1 and 2 (sTNFαR1 and sTNFαR2, respectively) were measured. All statistical analyses were stratified by sex. RESULTS Subjects with diabetes had a higher aPWV compared with healthy control subjects (men: 6.9 vs. 6.3 m/s, P < 0.001; women: 6.4 vs. 6.0 m/s, P = 0.023). These differences remained significant after adjusting for cardiovascular risk factors. Men with diabetes had higher concentrations of hsCRP (1.2 vs. 0.6 mg/L; P = 0.036), IL-6 (0.6 vs. 0.3 pg/mL; P = 0.002), sTNFαR1 (2,739 vs. 1,410 pg/mL; P < 0.001), and sTNFαR2 (2,774 vs. 2,060 pg/mL; P < 0.001). Women with diabetes only had higher concentrations of IL-6 (0.6 vs. 0.4 pg/mL; P = 0.039). In men with diabetes, aPWV correlated positively with hsCRP (r = 0.389; P = 0.031) and IL-6 (r = 0.447; P = 0.008), whereas in women with diabetes no significant correlation was found. In men, multiple linear regression analysis showed that the following variables were associated independently with aPWV: age, BMI, type 1 diabetes, and low-grade inflammation (R(2) = 0.543). In women, these variables were age, BMI, mean arterial pressure, and type 1 diabetes (R(2) = 0.550). CONCLUSIONS Arterial stiffness assessed as aPWV is increased in patients with type 1 diabetes without clinical cardiovascular disease, independently of classical cardiovascular risk factors. In men with type 1 diabetes, low-grade inflammation is independently associated with arterial stiffness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Llauradó
- Department of Diabetes, Hospital of Sabadell, Corporació Sanitària i Universitària Parc Taulí, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Sabadell, Spain
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Sabbadini G, Travan L, Toigo G. Elderly women with heart failure: unseen, unheard or simply forgotten? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.2217/ahe.12.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In developed countries, cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death among women; one-third of these deaths are directly or indirectly related to heart failure. Women already constitute the majority of heart failure patients and, given their longer life expectancy, the proportion of elderly women with heart failure is likely to increase further. These figures alone should make elderly women with heart failure a medical research and public health priority. On the contrary, they have received, and continue to receive, very little attention. Elderly women have been largely excluded from heart failure clinical trials and, compared with their male counterparts, are under-recognized and less intensively investigated and treated in clinical practice. Elderly women with heart failure are at increased risk for adverse outcomes because of higher comorbidity, psychological distress and socioeconomic disadvantage. Yet, they are often left alone to deal with these problems, which can negatively affect their ability to carry out basic self-care tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gastone Sabbadini
- Department of Medical, Surgical & Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Luciana Travan
- Department of Experimental & Clinical Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Gabriele Toigo
- Department of Medical, Surgical & Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
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Abstract
Sex differences in the biology of different organ systems and the influence of sex hormones in modulating health and disease are increasingly relevant in clinical and research areas. Although work has focused on sex differences and sex hormones in cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, and neuronal systems, there is now increasing clinical evidence for sex differences in incidence, morbidity, and mortality of lung diseases including allergic diseases (such as asthma), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pulmonary fibrosis, lung cancer, as well as pulmonary hypertension. Whether such differences are inherent and/or whether sex steroids play a role in modulating these differences is currently under investigation. The purpose of this review is to define sex differences in lung structure/function under normal and specific disease states, with exploration of whether and how sex hormone signaling mechanisms may explain these clinical observations. Focusing on adult age groups, the review addresses the following: 1) inherent sex differences in lung anatomy and physiology; 2) the importance of certain time points in life such as puberty, pregnancy, menopause, and aging; 3) expression and signaling of sex steroid receptors under normal vs. disease states; 4) potential interplay between different sex steroids; 5) the question of whether sex steroids are beneficial or detrimental to the lung; and 6) the potential use of sex steroid signaling as biomarkers and therapeutic avenues in lung diseases. The importance of focusing on sex differences and sex steroids in the lung lies in the increasing incidence of lung diseases in women and the need to address lung diseases across the life span.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Townsend
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.
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Sampson AK, Jennings GLR, Chin-Dusting JPF. Y are males so difficult to understand?: a case where "X" does not mark the spot. Hypertension 2012; 59:525-31. [PMID: 22291445 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.111.187880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda K Sampson
- Vascular Pharmacology, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Rd, Melbourne, Victoria, 3004 Australia.
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45
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Miller VM, Kaplan JR, Schork NJ, Ouyang P, Berga SL, Wenger NK, Shaw LJ, Webb RC, Mallampalli M, Steiner M, Taylor DA, Merz CNB, Reckelhoff JF. Strategies and methods to study sex differences in cardiovascular structure and function: a guide for basic scientists. Biol Sex Differ 2011; 2:14. [PMID: 22152231 PMCID: PMC3292512 DOI: 10.1186/2042-6410-2-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2011] [Accepted: 12/12/2011] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cardiovascular disease remains the primary cause of death worldwide. In the US, deaths due to cardiovascular disease for women exceed those of men. While cultural and psychosocial factors such as education, economic status, marital status and access to healthcare contribute to sex differences in adverse outcomes, physiological and molecular bases of differences between women and men that contribute to development of cardiovascular disease and response to therapy remain underexplored. Methods This article describes concepts, methods and procedures to assist in the design of animal and tissue/cell based studies of sex differences in cardiovascular structure, function and models of disease. Results To address knowledge gaps, study designs must incorporate appropriate experimental material including species/strain characteristics, sex and hormonal status. Determining whether a sex difference exists in a trait must take into account the reproductive status and history of the animal including those used for tissue (cell) harvest, such as the presence of gonadal steroids at the time of testing, during development or number of pregnancies. When selecting the type of experimental animal, additional consideration should be given to diet requirements (soy or plant based influencing consumption of phytoestrogen), lifespan, frequency of estrous cycle in females, and ability to investigate developmental or environmental components of disease modulation. Stress imposed by disruption of sleep/wake cycles, patterns of social interaction (or degree of social isolation), or handling may influence adrenal hormones that interact with pathways activated by the sex steroid hormones. Care must be given to selection of hormonal treatment and route of administration. Conclusions Accounting for sex in the design and interpretation of studies including pharmacological effects of drugs is essential to increase the foundation of basic knowledge upon which to build translational approaches to prevent, diagnose and treat cardiovascular diseases in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia M Miller
- Departments of Surgery, Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
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Aalto K, Maksimow M, Juonala M, Viikari J, Jula A, Kähönen M, Jalkanen S, Raitakari OT, Salmi M. Soluble vascular adhesion protein-1 correlates with cardiovascular risk factors and early atherosclerotic manifestations. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2011; 32:523-32. [PMID: 22116093 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.111.238030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Vascular adhesion protein-1 is an endothelial enzyme that regulates leukocyte traffic and contributes to vascular damage in animal models. The relations of soluble vascular adhesion protein-1 (sVAP-1) with cardiovascular risk factors and markers of subclinical atherosclerosis at a population level have not been studied. METHODS AND RESULTS We developed a new high-throughput method and measured sVAP-1 activities in serum of 2183 persons (The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study). In women, sVAP-1 activity correlated indirectly with body mass index (r=-0.15, P<0.0001), triglycerides (r=-0.13, P<0.0001), C-reactive protein (r=-0.23; P<0.0001), and brachial artery flow-mediated vasodilatation (r=-0.076, P=0.0089) and directly with carotid plaques (r=0.066, P=0.023). None of these correlations was significant in men. In women, all these univariate correlations remained significant after adjustment for body mass index, and direct correlations with LDL-cholesterol (r=0.094, P=0.0014) and carotid intima-media thickness (r=0.075, P=0.010) became evident. In men, sVAP-1 activity associated directly with glucose (r=0.074, P=0.020), intima-media thickness (r=0.072, P=0.025), metabolic syndrome (P=0.016), and type 1 (P=0.0002) and type 2 (P<0.0001) diabetes. In multivariable analyses, sVAP-1 activity was an independent determinant of carotid intima-media thickness (P=0.0072) and plaques [odds ratio 1.71 (95% confidence interval 1.07-2.72, P=0.025] in women, but not in men. CONCLUSIONS sVAP-1 activity correlates directly with intima-media thickness and carotid plaques in general population and may play a role in the pathophysiology of preclinical atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristiina Aalto
- MediCity Research Laboratory, Tykistökatu 6A, 20520 Turku, Finland
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Sarikouch S, Koerperich H, Dubowy KO, Boethig D, Boettler P, Mir TS, Peters B, Kuehne T, Beerbaum P. Impact of Gender and Age on Cardiovascular Function Late After Repair of Tetralogy of Fallot. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 2011; 4:703-11. [DOI: 10.1161/circimaging.111.963637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samir Sarikouch
- From the Department of Heart, Thoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (S.S.) and Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Pediatric Intensive Care (D.B.), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Institute for Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging (H.K.) and Department of Congenital Heart Disease (K.-O.D.), Heart and Diabetes Centre, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany; University of Bochum, Bochum, Germany; Department for Congenital Heart Disease, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hermann Koerperich
- From the Department of Heart, Thoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (S.S.) and Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Pediatric Intensive Care (D.B.), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Institute for Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging (H.K.) and Department of Congenital Heart Disease (K.-O.D.), Heart and Diabetes Centre, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany; University of Bochum, Bochum, Germany; Department for Congenital Heart Disease, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Karl-Otto Dubowy
- From the Department of Heart, Thoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (S.S.) and Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Pediatric Intensive Care (D.B.), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Institute for Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging (H.K.) and Department of Congenital Heart Disease (K.-O.D.), Heart and Diabetes Centre, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany; University of Bochum, Bochum, Germany; Department for Congenital Heart Disease, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dietmar Boethig
- From the Department of Heart, Thoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (S.S.) and Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Pediatric Intensive Care (D.B.), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Institute for Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging (H.K.) and Department of Congenital Heart Disease (K.-O.D.), Heart and Diabetes Centre, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany; University of Bochum, Bochum, Germany; Department for Congenital Heart Disease, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Petra Boettler
- From the Department of Heart, Thoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (S.S.) and Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Pediatric Intensive Care (D.B.), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Institute for Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging (H.K.) and Department of Congenital Heart Disease (K.-O.D.), Heart and Diabetes Centre, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany; University of Bochum, Bochum, Germany; Department for Congenital Heart Disease, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thomas S. Mir
- From the Department of Heart, Thoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (S.S.) and Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Pediatric Intensive Care (D.B.), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Institute for Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging (H.K.) and Department of Congenital Heart Disease (K.-O.D.), Heart and Diabetes Centre, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany; University of Bochum, Bochum, Germany; Department for Congenital Heart Disease, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Brigitte Peters
- From the Department of Heart, Thoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (S.S.) and Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Pediatric Intensive Care (D.B.), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Institute for Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging (H.K.) and Department of Congenital Heart Disease (K.-O.D.), Heart and Diabetes Centre, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany; University of Bochum, Bochum, Germany; Department for Congenital Heart Disease, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Titus Kuehne
- From the Department of Heart, Thoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (S.S.) and Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Pediatric Intensive Care (D.B.), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Institute for Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging (H.K.) and Department of Congenital Heart Disease (K.-O.D.), Heart and Diabetes Centre, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany; University of Bochum, Bochum, Germany; Department for Congenital Heart Disease, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Beerbaum
- From the Department of Heart, Thoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (S.S.) and Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Pediatric Intensive Care (D.B.), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Institute for Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging (H.K.) and Department of Congenital Heart Disease (K.-O.D.), Heart and Diabetes Centre, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany; University of Bochum, Bochum, Germany; Department for Congenital Heart Disease, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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Daimon M, Watanabe H, Abe Y, Hirata K, Hozumi T, Ishii K, Ito H, Iwakura K, Izumi C, Matsuzaki M, Minagoe S, Abe H, Murata K, Nakatani S, Negishi K, Yoshida K, Tanabe K, Tanaka N, Tokai K, Yoshikawa J. Gender differences in age-related changes in left and right ventricular geometries and functions. Echocardiography of a healthy subject group. Circ J 2011; 75:2840-6. [PMID: 21946355 DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-11-0364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of the present study was to investigate gender differences in age-related changes of left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) geometries and functions throughout the entire adult age range using the Japanese Normal Values for Echocardiographic Measurements Project (JAMP) study database. METHODS AND RESULTS Seven hundred healthy volunteers (aged 20-79 years) underwent 2-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography. The subjects were stratified into 6 different age groups and then stratified by gender in each age group. LV diastolic function was assessed from pulsed wave Doppler measurements of mitral early (E) and late (A) inflow velocities and tissue Doppler measurements of mitral early (e') and late (a') annular velocities. LV volume decreased and LV mass increased with age to a similar extent in both men and women. Furthermore, for subjects <50 years, women had significantly greater E, E/A ratio and e' than men, but these parameters were similar between genders in subjects >50 years. In addition, there was a significant interaction between age and gender that affected the differences in E, e' and E/e' among the groups (P<0.03, P<0.01, and P<0.03, respectively; ANOVA). There were no gender differences in age-related changes in RV parameters. CONCLUSIONS Gender differences were found in age-related changes in LV diastolic function in a healthy population. Gender differences should be considered for optimal diagnosis and management of cardiovascular disease.
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Abstract
Elevated large artery stiffness and pulse pressure have emerged as important risk factors for cardiovascular disease. The genders differ in large artery biomechanical properties throughout the lifespan with females displaying higher stiffness than males during the prepubertal years and a dramatic increase after menopause. Males on the other hand experience an increase in arterial stiffness postpuberty and a linear increase thereafter, suggesting that females have intrinsically stiffer large arteries than males, but that such effects are mitigated by sex steroids during the reproductive years. This review discusses anthropometric and sex steroid influences on gender differences in large artery stiffness and pressure dynamics from childhood to senescence. In particular, the sex-specific effects of estrogen, progesterone and testosterone on vascular structure and function and how these influence arterial stiffness are explored. These factors may contribute in part to the observed gender differences in the pathophysiology and clinical manifestations of cardiovascular disease.
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50
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Pergola C, Rogge A, Dodt G, Northoff H, Weinigel C, Barz D, Rådmark O, Sautebin L, Werz O. Testosterone suppresses phospholipase D, causing sex differences in leukotriene biosynthesis in human monocytes. FASEB J 2011; 25:3377-87. [PMID: 21693622 DOI: 10.1096/fj.11-182758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Sex disparities in inflammation have been reported, but the cellular and molecular basis for these discrepancies is unknown. Monocytes are central effector cells in immunity and possess high capacities to produce proinflammatory leukotrienes (LTs). Here, we investigated sex differences in the activation of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO), the key enzyme in LT biosynthesis, in human peripheral monocytes. In cells from females, 5-LO product formation was 1.8-fold higher than in cells from males, as evaluated by HPLC. When female monocytes were resuspended in plasma from males, 5-LO products were significantly lower than in female plasma. Interestingly, 5α-dihydrotestosterone (5α-DHT, 10 nM) repressed LT synthesis in female cells down to the levels observed in males, while estradiol (100 nM) was without effect, and progesterone (100 nM) caused only a slight inhibition. 5α-DHT (10 nM) caused ERK phosphorylation and inhibition of phospholipase D (PLD), as evaluated by Western blot and measurement of PLD activity via radioenzymatic diacylglyceride (DAG) and nonradioactive choline assays. Accordingly, PLD activity and DAG formation were 1.4- to 1.8-fold lower in male vs. female monocytes connected to increased ERK phosphorylation. Our data indicate that ERK activation by androgens in monocytes represses PLD activity, resulting in impaired 5-LO product formation due to lack of activating DAGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Pergola
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany
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