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Fernandez Requena B, Gonzalez-Riano C, Barbas C. Addressing the untargeted lipidomics challenge in urine samples: Comparative study of extraction methods by UHPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1299:342433. [PMID: 38499427 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.342433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Urine analysis has remained a fundamental and widely used method in clinical diagnostics for over a century. With its minimal invasive nature and comprehensive range of analytes, urine has established itself as a clinical diagnostic tool for various disorders, including renal, urological, metabolic, and endocrine diseases. Furthermore, urine's unique attributes make it an attractive matrix for biomarker discovery, as well as in assessing the metabolic and physiological states of patients and healthy individuals alike. However, limitations in our knowledge of average values and sources of urinary lipids decrease the wider clinical application of urinary lipidomics. In this context, untargeted lipidomics analysis relies heavily on the extraction and analysis of lipids in biological samples. Nevertheless, this type of analysis presents challenges in lipid identification due to the diverse nature of lipids. Therefore, proper sample treatment before analysis is crucial to obtain robust and reproducible lipidomic profiles. To address this gap, we conducted a comparative study of a urine pool sample collected from twenty healthy volunteers using four different lipid extraction methods: one biphasic and three monophasic protocols. The extracted lipids were then analyzed using UHPLC-MS and MS/MS, and the semi-quantification of all the accurately annotated lipid species was performed for each extraction method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belen Fernandez Requena
- Centro de Metabolómica y Bioanálisis (CEMBIO), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660 Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, España
| | - Carolina Gonzalez-Riano
- Centro de Metabolómica y Bioanálisis (CEMBIO), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660 Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, España
| | - Coral Barbas
- Centro de Metabolómica y Bioanálisis (CEMBIO), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660 Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, España.
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Portalés A, Sánchez-Aguilera A, Royo M, Jurado S. Assessment of social behavior and chemosensory cue detection in an animal model of neurodegeneration. Methods Cell Biol 2024; 185:137-150. [PMID: 38556445 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2024.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Numerous studies have shown that aging in humans leads to a decline in olfactory function, resulting in deficits in acuity, detection threshold, discrimination, and olfactory-associated memories. Furthermore, impaired olfaction has been identified as a potential indicator for the onset of age-related neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Studies conducted on mouse models of AD have largely mirrored the findings in humans, thus providing a valuable system to investigate the cellular and circuit adaptations of the olfactory system during natural and pathological aging. However, the majority of previous research has focused on assessing the detection of neutral or synthetic odors, with little attention given to the impact of aging and neurodegeneration on the recognition of social cues-a critical feature for the survival of mammalian species. Therefore, in this study, we present a battery of olfactory tests that use conspecific urine samples to examine the changes in social odor recognition in a mouse model of neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Portalés
- Institute of Neuroscience CSIC-UMH, San Juan de Alicante, Alicante, Spain.
| | - Alberto Sánchez-Aguilera
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, IdISSC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Royo
- Institute of Neuroscience CSIC-UMH, San Juan de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Sandra Jurado
- Institute of Neuroscience CSIC-UMH, San Juan de Alicante, Alicante, Spain.
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Zhao YJ, Zhou C, Wei YY, Zhang SY, Mishra JS, Li HH, Lei W, Wang K, Kumar S, Zheng J. An Endogenous Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Ligand Induces Preeclampsia-like Phenotypes: Transcriptome, Phosphoproteome, and Cell Functions. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.20.572271. [PMID: 38187714 PMCID: PMC10769228 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.20.572271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Background Preeclampsia (PE) is one hypertensive disorder and a leading cause of maternal and fetal mortality and morbidity during human pregnancy. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a transcription factor, which regulates vascular functions. Exogenous and endogenous AhR ligands can induce hypertension in animals. However, if dysregulation of endogenous AhR ligands contributes to the pathophysiology of PE remains elusive. Methods We measured AhR activities in human maternal and umbilical vein sera. We also applied physiological, cellular, and molecular approaches to dissect the role of endogenous AhR ligands in vascular functions during pregnancy using pregnant rats and primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) as models. Results PE elevated AhR activities in human umbilical vein sera. Exposure of pregnant rats to an endogenous AhR ligand, 2-(1'H-indole-3'-carbonyl)-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid methyl ester (ITE) increased blood pressure and proteinuria, while decreased uteroplacental blood flow and reduced fetal and placental weights, all of which are hallmarks of PE. ITE dampened vascular growth and fetal sex-specifically altered immune cell infiltration in rat placentas. ITE also decreased cell proliferation and cell monolayer integrity in HUVECs in vitro . RNA sequencing analysis revealed that ITE dysregulated transcriptome in rat placentas and HUVECs in a fetal sex-specific manner. Bottom-up phosphoproteomics showed that ITE disrupted phosphoproteome in HUVECs. These ITE-dysregulated genes and phosphoproteins were enriched in biological functions and pathways which are highly relevant to diseases of heart, liver, and kidney, vascular functions, inflammation responses, cell death, and kinase inhibition. Conclusions Dysregulation of endogenous AhR ligands during pregnancy may lead to the development of PE with underlying impaired vascular functions, fetal sex-specific immune cell infiltration and transcriptome, and phosphoproteome. Thus, this study has provided a novel mechanism for the development of PE and potentially other forms of hypertensive pregnancies. These AhR ligand-activated genes and phosphoproteins might represent promising therapeutic and fetal sex-specific targets for PE-impaired vascular functions.
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Ayembilla JA, Khalid AR, Abubakari SB, Adams AR, Botchway FA, Antwi S, Otu PNY, Appiah M, Osei-Adjei G, Kottoh KO, Ahiabenu-Williams P, Quasie O. Acute and Subchronic Toxicity Assessment of Conventional Soxhlet Cymbopogon citratus Leaves Extracts in Sprague-Dawley Rats. J Toxicol 2023; 2023:8575741. [PMID: 38111630 PMCID: PMC10727804 DOI: 10.1155/2023/8575741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In Ghana, Cymbopogon citratus leaves together with guava, pawpaw, and lime are processed into a decoction to treat fever. To encourage its usage, preclinical validation of the safety profile of the plant is required. The acute and subchronic toxicities of the conventional Soxhlet ethanolic Cymbopogon citratus leaves extract in Sprague-Dawley rats were investigated. Methods Pulverized Cymbopogon citratus leaves were extracted with 98% ethanol using the conventional Soxhlet extraction (CSE) method and dried. In the acute toxicity study, a single dose of 5000 mg/kg body weight was administered to six female Sprague-Dawley rats and 1 ml/100 g body weight normal saline to control (6) once, and signs of toxicity were observed every hour for the first 12 hr, 24 hr, and 48 hr through to 14 days. In the subchronic study, the treatment groups were administered 200 mg/kg, 600 mg/kg, and 1200 mg/kg, respectively, of the CSE C. citratus leaves extract for six weeks. Analyses were conducted on the blood, urine, and serum samples of the rats. Histopathological examination of the liver, heart, kidney, spleen, and lungs was carried out at termination. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to determine statistically significant differences between the test and control rats at P < 0.05. Results The results revealed that there were no statistically significant differences (p > 0.05) in the urinalysis and haematological analysis between control and test rats over the treatment period. Similarly, CSE C. citratus leaves extract did not induce any significant biochemical changes in the treatment group; however, there was a weight loss effect on the treated rats. There were no noticeable morphological changes in the heart, liver, spleen, lung, and kidney of the test rats compared to the control. Conclusion CSE ethanolic C. citratus leaves extract has a weight loss effect, and long-term administration of the extract may not cause any organ-specific toxicity to the consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Apibilla Ayembilla
- Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Accra Technical University, Accra, Ghana
| | - Abdul Raouf Khalid
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Accra Technical University, Accra, Ghana
| | - Sharif Buari Abubakari
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Centre for Plant Medicine Research, Mampong-Akuapem, Ghana
| | - Abdul Rashid Adams
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Felix Abekah Botchway
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Accra Technical University, Accra, Ghana
| | - Stephen Antwi
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Centre for Plant Medicine Research, Mampong-Akuapem, Ghana
| | - Phyllis Naa Yarley Otu
- Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Accra Technical University, Accra, Ghana
| | - Michael Appiah
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Accra Technical University, Accra, Ghana
| | - George Osei-Adjei
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Accra Technical University, Accra, Ghana
| | - Kwame Owen Kottoh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Accra Technical University, Accra, Ghana
| | - Peace Ahiabenu-Williams
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Accra Technical University, Accra, Ghana
| | - Olga Quasie
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Centre for Plant Medicine Research, Mampong-Akuapem, Ghana
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Granat FA, Trumel C, Braun JPD, Bourgès-Abella NH. Quality of hematology and clinical chemistry results in laboratory and zoo nonhuman primates: Effects of the preanalytical phase. A review. J Med Primatol 2023; 52:414-427. [PMID: 37612808 DOI: 10.1111/jmp.12666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Most errors in clinical pathology originate in the preanalytical phase, which includes all steps from the preparation of animals and equipment to the collection of the specimen and its management until analyzed. Blood is the most common specimen collected in nonhuman primates. Other specimens collected include urine, saliva, feces, and hair. The primary concern is the variability of blood hematology and biochemistry results due to sampling conditions with the effects of capture, restraint, and/or anesthesia. Housing and diet have fewer effects, with the exception of food restriction to reduce obesity. There has been less investigation regarding the impact of sampling conditions of nonblood specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny A Granat
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, Inserm U1037, CNRS U5077, Toulouse, France
- Laboratoire central de biologie médicale, ENVT, Toulouse, France
| | - Catherine Trumel
- Laboratoire central de biologie médicale, ENVT, Toulouse, France
- CREFRE, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
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Muresan AR, Rahaman KA, Son J, Kang MJ, Kwon OS. Metabolites identification of anabolic steroid bolasterone in vitro and in rats by high resolution liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. Drug Test Anal 2023; 15:1329-1343. [PMID: 36700373 DOI: 10.1002/dta.3447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Bolasterone (7α,17α-dimethyltestosterone) and anabolic androgenic steroids are included in the World Anti-Doping Agency's Prohibited list of substances. This study aimed to evaluate the metabolism of bolasterone through in vitro experiments using rat liver microsomes and in vivo experiments using rat urine after oral administration. Urine samples were collected over a 168-h period. Bolasterone and its metabolites were detected by liquid chromatography coupled with a Q-Exactive Obitrap mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS). Ultimately 16 hydroxylated metabolites (M1-M16), one metabolite from the reduction of the 3-keto function and 4-ene (M17), and one glucuronic acid conjugated metabolite (M18) were detected. Metabolites M17 and M18 were confirmed by comparison with available reference or authentic standards. Metabolic modifications in the structure of the parent bolasterone result in different fragmentation patterns. Based on the sensitivity of the HRMS data, characteristic ions such as m/z 121.064 (C8 H9 O) generated from ring A of the mono-hydroxylated metabolites and 121.101 (C9 H13 ) generated from ring D of the di-hydroxylated metabolites were observed that helped differentiate between the obtained metabolites. The structures of fragment ions were tentatively proposed based on their fragmentation pathways, where the significant ions were correlated to the possible structural fragments. In conclusion, new metabolites of bolasterone were detected and characterized by the use of the full-scan and dd-MS/MS using LC-HRMS, and this data can be useful for providing metabolite information for the interpretation of mass spectra of anabolic bolasterone analogues for doping screening tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca Raluca Muresan
- Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea
- Center for Advanced Biomolecular Recognition, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Khandoker Asiqur Rahaman
- Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea
- Center for Advanced Biomolecular Recognition, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Junghyun Son
- Doping Control Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Min-Jung Kang
- Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea
- Center for Advanced Biomolecular Recognition, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Oh-Seung Kwon
- Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea
- Doping Control Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea
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Fushuku S, Ushikai M, Arimura E, Komaki Y, Horiuchi M. Acute repeated cage exchange stress modifies urinary stress and plasma metabolic profiles in male mice. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0292649. [PMID: 37815996 PMCID: PMC10564260 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to a novel environment is psychologically and physically stressful for humans and animals. The response has been reported to involve enhanced sympathetic nervous system activity, but changes in nutrient levels under stress are not fully understood. As a form of exposure to a novel environment, repeated cage exchange (CE, four times at 2-h intervals for 8 h from 08:00 h) during the light phase with no restraint on movement was applied to A/J mice, a strain particularly prone to stress. Body temperature was measured with a temperature-sensing microchip implanted in the interscapular region. The stress conditions and anxiety level were evaluated by measuring urinary catecholamines and corticosterone and by performing an anxiety-like behavior test, respectively. Major nutrients such as glucose, fatty acids, and amino acids in the plasma were also examined. CE mice showed a significant increase in body temperature with each CE. They also showed a significantly greater reduction of body weight change, more water intake, and higher levels of urinary catecholamines and corticosterone and anxiety-like behavior score than control mice. The model revealed a significantly lower plasma glucose level and higher levels of several essential amino acids, such as branched-chain amino acids and phenylalanine, than those of control mice. Meanwhile, free fatty acids and several amino acids such as arginine, aspartic acid, proline, threonine, and tryptophan in both sets of mice were significantly decreased from the corresponding levels at 08:00 h, while similar plasma levels were exhibited between mice with and without CE. In conclusion, repeated CE stress was associated with changes in glucose and amino acids in plasma. Although further study is needed to clarify how these changes are specifically linked to anxiety-like behavior, this study suggests the potential for nutritional intervention to counter stress in humans exposed to novel environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayuri Fushuku
- Department of Hygiene and Health Promotion Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Miharu Ushikai
- Department of Hygiene and Health Promotion Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Emi Arimura
- Department of Hygiene and Health Promotion Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
- Major in Food and Nutrition, Department of Life and Environmental Science, Kagoshima Prefectural College, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yuga Komaki
- Department of Hygiene and Health Promotion Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Masahisa Horiuchi
- Department of Hygiene and Health Promotion Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
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Cervone M, Rossi L, Cappelle J, Rannou B, Hugonnard M. Assessment of inter-observer agreement among experienced and inexperienced observers and an automated device for dipstick urinalysis in dogs and cats. J Vet Diagn Invest 2023; 35:492-499. [PMID: 37326167 PMCID: PMC10467455 DOI: 10.1177/10406387231181579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Standard visual urine dipstick analysis (UDA) is performed routinely in veterinary medicine; results can be influenced by both the operator and the method. We evaluated the agreement of results for canine and feline urine samples analyzed using a 10-patch dipstick (Multistix10SG; Siemens), both visually under double-anonymized conditions by students and a laboratory technician, and with an automated device (AD; Clinitek Status, Siemens). The mean concordance for semiquantitative urinalysis results between students and the technician and between students and the AD was fair (κ0.21-0.40) in dogs and cats; concordance was moderate between the technician and the AD (κ0.41-0.60) in dogs and good (κ0.61-0.80) in cats. For pH, the mean concordance between students and the technician and between the technician and the AD was good (ρ0.80-0.92) in dogs and cats; concordance was good between students and the AD (ρ0.80-0.92) in dogs and moderate (ρ0.59-0.79) in cats. Repeatability was higher (p < 0.001) for the technician and the AD than for a student. We found good agreement between UDA performed by an experienced operator and an AD in dogs and cats but found low reproducibility and low repeatability for urinalysis performed by an inexperienced operator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Cervone
- Département des Animaux de Compagnie, de Sport et de Loisir, Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, Campus Vétérinaire de Lyon, Marcy L’Etoile, France
| | - Lydia Rossi
- Département des Animaux de Compagnie, de Sport et de Loisir, Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, Campus Vétérinaire de Lyon, Marcy L’Etoile, France
| | - Julien Cappelle
- UMR ASTRE, CIRAD, INRAE, Montpellier, France and UMR EPIA, INRAE, Marcy L’Etoile, France
| | | | - Marine Hugonnard
- Département des Animaux de Compagnie, de Sport et de Loisir, Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, Campus Vétérinaire de Lyon, Marcy L’Etoile, France
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Portalés A, Chamero P, Jurado S. Natural and Pathological Aging Distinctively Impacts the Pheromone Detection System and Social Behavior. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:4641-4658. [PMID: 37129797 PMCID: PMC10293359 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03362-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Normal aging and many age-related disorders such as Alzheimer's disease cause deficits in olfaction; however, it is currently unknown how natural and pathological aging impacts the detection of social odors which might contribute to the impoverishment of social behavior at old age further worsening overall health. Analysis of the vomeronasal organ, the main gateway to pheromone-encoded information, indicated that natural and pathological aging distinctively affects the neurogenic ability of the vomeronasal sensory epithelium. Whereas cell proliferation remained majorly preserved in 1-year-old APP/PS1 mice, naturally aged animals exhibited significant deficiencies in the number of mature, proliferative, and progenitor cells. These alterations may support age-related deficits in the recognition of social cues and the display of social behavior. Our findings indicate that aging disrupts the processing of social olfactory cues decreasing social odor exploration, discrimination, and habituation in both wild-type senescent (2-year-old) mice and in 1-year-old double mutant model of Alzheimer's disease (APP/PS1). Furthermore, social novelty was diminished in 1-year-old APP/PS1 mice, indicating that alterations in the processing of social cues are accelerated during pathological aging. This study reveals fundamental differences in the cellular processes by which natural and pathological aging disrupts the exploration of social information and social behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Portalés
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas - Universidad Miguel Hernández (CSIC-UMH), 03550, Sant Joan d´Alacant, Spain
| | - Pablo Chamero
- Laboratoire de Physiologie de La Reproduction Et Des Comportements, CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, University of Tours, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Sandra Jurado
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas - Universidad Miguel Hernández (CSIC-UMH), 03550, Sant Joan d´Alacant, Spain.
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10
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Mortier F, Daminet S, Duchateau L, Marynissen SJJ, Paepe D. Comparison of cystocentesis versus home sampling to determine urinary protein: Creatinine ratio and urine specific gravity in cats. J Vet Intern Med 2023; 37:1401-1408. [PMID: 37387324 PMCID: PMC10365041 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Urinalysis is necessary for the diagnostic evaluation of chronic kidney disease in cats. Performing cystocentesis is not always feasible, but data comparing urine obtained by cystocentesis in the clinic with voided samples collected at home are lacking in cats. OBJECTIVES To compare urinary protein:creatinine ratio (UPC) and urine specific gravity (USG) and to detect clinically relevant changes in proteinuria substage or urine concentration between urine collected at home and in-clinic by cystocentesis in cats. ANIMALS Ninety-two healthy and diseased client-owned cats. METHODS Prospective study. Owners collected voided urine at home and within 1 to 15 hours, cystocentesis was performed in the clinic. RESULTS In a subset of motivated owners, 55% succeeded in collecting urine at home. Overall, UPC was higher (mean ±SD difference = 0.09 ±0.22; P < .001) and USG was lower (mean ±SD difference = -0.006 ±0.009; P < .001) in cystocentesis samples than in voided urine. Substantial agreement existed between sampling methods for UPC (weighted к = 0.68) and USG (к = 0.64) categories. A different proteinuria substage (UPC < 0.2, 0.2-0.4, >0.4) was present in paired urine samples from 28% of cats. In 18% of cats, urine concentrating ability (USG < or ≥1.035) differed between both samples. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Home sampling of urine is a valid alternative to cystocentesis in cats. However, because clinically relevant differences in UPC and USG were present in 28% and 18% of cats, respectively, by the same collection method for monitoring each cat is advised.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Luc Duchateau
- Biometrics Research CenterGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
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Corridon PR. Enhancing the expression of a key mitochondrial enzyme at the inception of ischemia-reperfusion injury can boost recovery and halt the progression of acute kidney injury. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1024238. [PMID: 36846323 PMCID: PMC9945300 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1024238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrodynamic fluid delivery has shown promise in influencing renal function in disease models. This technique provided pre-conditioned protection in acute injury models by upregulating the mitochondrial adaptation, while hydrodynamic injections of saline alone have improved microvascular perfusion. Accordingly, hydrodynamic mitochondrial gene delivery was applied to investigate the ability to halt progressive or persistent renal function impairment following episodes of ischemia-reperfusion injuries known to induce acute kidney injury (AKI). The rate of transgene expression was approximately 33% and 30% in rats with prerenal AKI that received treatments 1 (T1hr) and 24 (T24hr) hours after the injury was established, respectively. The resulting mitochondrial adaptation via exogenous IDH2 (isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (NADP+) and mitochondrial) significantly blunted the effects of injury within 24 h of administration: decreased serum creatinine (≈60%, p < 0.05 at T1hr; ≈50%, p < 0.05 at T24hr) and blood urea nitrogen (≈50%, p < 0.05 at T1hr; ≈35%, p < 0.05 at T24hr) levels, and increased urine output (≈40%, p < 0.05 at T1hr; ≈26%, p < 0.05 at T24hr) and mitochondrial membrane potential, Δψm, (≈ by a factor of 13, p < 0.001 at T1hr; ≈ by a factor of 11, p < 0.001 at T24hr), despite elevated histology injury score (26%, p < 0.05 at T1hr; 47%, p < 0.05 at T24hr). Therefore, this study identifies an approach that can boost recovery and halt the progression of AKI at its inception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter R. Corridon
- Department of Immunology and Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates,Healthcare Engineering Innovation Center, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates,Center for Biotechnology, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates,*Correspondence: Peter R. Corridon,
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Suljević D, Mitrašinović-Brulić M, Dervišević A, Fočak M. Protective role of the dandelion extract against the blood-liver axis, cell membranes, and anemia disorder in sodium benzoate-exposed rats. Cell Biochem Funct 2022; 40:946-958. [PMID: 36210509 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Sodium benzoate (SB) as an additive in various food products prevents the growth of microbes. Although SB is considered safe, many studies have reported adverse effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of dandelion extract on cell damage and hematological and biochemical disorders induced by SB in male albino rats. Different doses of SB (200 and 600 mg/kg) and ethanolic dandelion root extract (D) (40 mg/kg) were used in a 2-week treatment of rats. Rat mortality and a higher frequency of behavioral alterations such as apathy, anxiety, and aggression have been reported at a higher dose of SB. Changes in urine pH, proteinuria, nitrituria, and bilirubinemia caused by SB were regulated by adding dandelion extract. Analysis of specific serum and urine parameters, as well as microscopic analysis of hepatocytes, showed liver and kidney failure. Anemia associated with hemolytic disorder due to erythrocyte impaired the presence of acanthocytes, and decreased values of erythrocyte blood count, hemoglobin concentration, average red blood cell size, hemoglobin amount per red blood cell, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration were caused by SB treatment. As a dietary supplement, dandelion extract can be useful in the prevention of SB-induced liver and kidney injury, and also a remedy against induced anemia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, hyperproteinemia, hyperglycemia, and reduction of inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damir Suljević
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Maja Mitrašinović-Brulić
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Amela Dervišević
- Department of Human Physiology, Medical Faculty, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Muhamed Fočak
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
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13
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Endocrine Diagnostics for Exotic Animals. Vet Clin North Am Exot Anim Pract 2022; 25:631-661. [PMID: 36122944 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvex.2022.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Endocrine disease in exotic species is less common than in small animals. Nevertheless, the diagnostic principles used in small animals can be adapted to evaluate endocrine disease in many of the exotic species although species-specific aspects need to be considered. This article covers important diseases such as thyroid dysfunction in reptiles and birds, hyperthyroidism in guinea pigs, and hyperadrenocorticism in ferrets. Glucose metabolism in neoplasms affecting normal physiology, such as insulinoma in ferrets and gastric neuroendocrine carcinoma in bearded dragons, is discussed. Calcium abnormalities, including metabolic bone disease in reptiles and hypocalcemia in birds, are also covered.
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14
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Winstone JK, Pathak KV, Winslow W, Piras IS, White J, Sharma R, Huentelman MJ, Pirrotte P, Velazquez R. Glyphosate infiltrates the brain and increases pro-inflammatory cytokine TNFα: implications for neurodegenerative disorders. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:193. [PMID: 35897073 PMCID: PMC9331154 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02544-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Herbicides are environmental contaminants that have gained much attention due to the potential hazards they pose to human health. Glyphosate, the active ingredient in many commercial herbicides, is the most heavily applied herbicide worldwide. The recent rise in glyphosate application to corn and soy crops correlates positively with increased death rates due to Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative disorders. Glyphosate has been shown to cross the blood-brain barrier in in vitro models, but has yet to be verified in vivo. Additionally, reports have shown that glyphosate exposure increases pro-inflammatory cytokines in blood plasma, particularly TNFα. METHODS Here, we examined whether glyphosate infiltrates the brain and elevates TNFα levels in 4-month-old C57BL/6J mice. Mice received either 125, 250, or 500 mg/kg/day of glyphosate, or a vehicle via oral gavage for 14 days. Urine, plasma, and brain samples were collected on the final day of dosing for analysis via UPLC-MS and ELISAs. Primary cortical neurons were derived from amyloidogenic APP/PS1 pups to evaluate in vitro changes in Aβ40-42 burden and cytotoxicity. RNA sequencing was performed on C57BL/6J brain samples to determine changes in the transcriptome. RESULTS Our analysis revealed that glyphosate infiltrated the brain in a dose-dependent manner and upregulated TNFα in both plasma and brain tissue post-exposure. Notably, glyphosate measures correlated positively with TNFα levels. Glyphosate exposure in APP/PS1 primary cortical neurons increases levels of soluble Aβ40-42 and cytotoxicity. RNAseq revealed over 200 differentially expressed genes in a dose-dependent manner and cell-type-specific deconvolution analysis showed enrichment of key biological processes in oligodendrocytes including myelination, axon ensheathment, glial cell development, and oligodendrocyte development. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, these results show for the first time that glyphosate infiltrates the brain, elevates both the expression of TNFα and soluble Aβ, and disrupts the transcriptome in a dose-dependent manner, suggesting that exposure to this herbicide may have detrimental outcomes regarding the health of the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna K Winstone
- Arizona State University-Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center at the Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, 797 E Tyler St, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Khyatiben V Pathak
- Integrated Mass Spectrometry Shared Resources (IMS-SR), City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
- Cancer & Cell Biology Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Wendy Winslow
- Arizona State University-Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center at the Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, 797 E Tyler St, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Ignazio S Piras
- Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Jennifer White
- Arizona State University-Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center at the Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, 797 E Tyler St, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Ritin Sharma
- Integrated Mass Spectrometry Shared Resources (IMS-SR), City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
- Cancer & Cell Biology Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Matthew J Huentelman
- Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Patrick Pirrotte
- Integrated Mass Spectrometry Shared Resources (IMS-SR), City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
- Cancer & Cell Biology Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Ramon Velazquez
- Arizona State University-Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center at the Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, 797 E Tyler St, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA.
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.
- Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
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15
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Galhom RA, Korayem HE, Ibrahim MA, Abd-Eltawab Tammam A, Khalifa MM, Rashwan EK, Al Badawi MH. Urine-Derived Stem Cells Versus Their Lysate in Ameliorating Erectile Dysfunction in a Rat Model of Type 2 Diabetes. Front Physiol 2022; 13:854949. [PMID: 35620604 PMCID: PMC9127444 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.854949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Diabetic erectile dysfunction (DED) is a significant consequence of diabetes mellitus, and it is a multifactorial phenomenon that has no definitive treatment until now. Many therapeutic options provide symptomatic improvement rather than addressing the underlying etiology or restoring normal function. Stem cell (SC) therapy represents a potential hope in DED management. It is well established that the regenerative effect of stem cells can be attained by their paracrine action and their ability to differentiate into many cell lineages, including endothelial and smooth muscle cells. Hence, we tried to compare the effects of transplantation of urine-derived stem cells (USCs) or their lysate (USC-L) into the corpora cavernosa (CCs) of rats with DED. Materials and Methods: A total of 55 adult male Wistar rats were included in this study. USCs were obtained from ten healthy rats. Another ten rats did not subject to any intervention and served as a control (group I). Type 2 DM and DED were induced in the remaining 35 rats, but DED was tested and proved in only 24 rats, which were randomly divided into three groups (n = 8 in each). The DED group (group II) and either USCs (2 × 106 cells) or their lysate (200 μl) were transplanted into the CCs of each rat in the other two groups (groups III and IV), respectively. Results: Although the DED rats exhibited deterioration in all copulatory functions as compared to the control group, our histopathological, immunohistochemical, and morphometric results revealed that both USCs and USC-L have significantly restored the cavernous spaces, the ultrastructures of the endothelium that line the cavernous spaces, collagen/smooth muscle ratio, and the mean area percentage of α-SMA in the CCs as compared to DED rats. A respectable number of USCs was detected in the CCs of group III at the 4th week after transplantation, but this number significantly declined by the 8th week. Conclusion: Both USCs and USC-L can repair the structure and ultrastructure of CCs and improve the copulatory functions in the DED rat model. However, USC-L could be better used in DED to guard against the strange behavior of USCs after transplantation and their decreased survivability with time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania A. Galhom
- Human Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
- Tissue Culture Unit, Centre of Excellence in Molecular and Cellular Medicine (CEMCM), Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Horeya Erfan Korayem
- Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Mahrous A. Ibrahim
- Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, College of Medicine, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
- Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
- *Correspondence: Mahrous A. Ibrahim, ,
| | - Ahmed Abd-Eltawab Tammam
- Medical Physiology Department, College of Medicine, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
- Medical Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Mansour Khalifa
- Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Human Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman K. Rashwan
- Medical Physiology Department, College of Medicine, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
- Medical Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Manal H. Al Badawi
- Human Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
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16
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Neely C, Barkey R, Hernandez C, Flinn J. Prophylactic zinc supplementation modulates hippocampal ionic zinc and partially remediates neurological recovery following repetitive mild head injury in mice. Behav Brain Res 2022; 430:113918. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.113918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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17
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Anti-Hyperuricemic Effect of Ethyl Acetate Sub-Fractions from Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. Dried Flowers on Potassium Oxonate-Induced Hyperuricemic Rats. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12073487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Xanthine oxidase (XO) plays an important role in purine degradation in humans. The study aimed to determine the XO inhibitory potential of Chrysanthemum morifolium dried flower ethyl acetate sub-fractions and its anti-hyperuricemic effect in rat models. Bioassay-guided fractionation based on XO inhibitory assay was employed to obtain bioactive fractions and sub-fractions. In vitro cytotoxicity and cellular antioxidant capacity of the sub-fraction and its mode of XO inhibition were also investigated. The anti-hyperuricemic effect of the bioactive sub-fraction was investigated using rat models via oral consumption, and followed by an XO mRNA gene expression study. The compounds in the bioactive sub-fractions were identified putatively using HPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS. Ethyl acetate (EtOAc) fraction exhibited the highest XO inhibition among the fractions. It was further fractionated into 15 sub-fractions. F10 exhibited high XO inhibitory activity, cellular pro-proliferative effect, and intracellular antioxidant activity among the sub-fractions tested. This sub-fraction was non-cytotoxic at 0.1–10 µg/mL, and very effective in lowering serum and urine uric acid level in rat models upon oral consumption. A total of 26 known compounds were identified and seven unknown compounds were detected via HPLC-Q-TOF–MS/MS analysis. The possible mechanisms contributing to the anti-hyperuricemic effect were suggested to be the non-competitive inhibition of XO enzyme, XO gene expression down-regulation, and the enhancement of uric acid excretion.
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18
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Lee HY, Celhar T, Fairhurst AM. Assessing Lupus-Like Disease in Murine Model Systems. Curr Protoc 2021; 1:e272. [PMID: 34748281 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a complex and heterogenous autoimmune disease, where genetics, immunology, and environmental factors all play a role. Murine models have contributed critical information on mechanisms of disease and prospective therapeutics. The key features that have been used to study the disease include the development of anti-nuclear autoantibodies (ANAs), splenomegaly, and kidney disease. The loss of tolerance and subsequent autoimmune features, and the progression to severe disease, are all dependent on immune dysregulation. In this article, we will describe the methods used to evaluate the underlying immunological features of the disease, as a more sensitive strategy to understand the disease itself and the mechanisms of potential novel therapeutics. © 2021 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: End study protocols for tissue harvesting Basic Protocol 2: End study protocols for tissue processing Basic Protocol 3: Immunophenotyping using flow cytometry protocols Support Protocol: Tissue processing for cold storage Basic Protocol 4: Additional tissue processing for later analyses Basic Protocol 5: Analysis of serum auto-antibodies by ELISAs (ANAs, snRNP, and dsDNA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yin Lee
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology (IMCB), Agency of Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Teja Celhar
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency of Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Anna-Marie Fairhurst
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology (IMCB), Agency of Science, Technology and Research, Singapore.,Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency of Science, Technology and Research, Singapore.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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19
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Andreev-Andrievskiy AA, Lagereva EA, Pankova NV, Mashkin MA, Manskikh VN, Frolova OY, Fadeeva OV, Telyatnikova EV. Chronic bladder catheterization for precise urine collection in awake mice. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2021; 113:107128. [PMID: 34678429 DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2021.107128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic chambers are routinely used for urine collection in rodents. In mice, due to small urination volume, evaporation in the metabolic chambers (≈50%) distorts diuresis and urinalysis parameters. We have developed a new technique of bladder catheterization enabling long-term accurate and contamination-free urine collection in awake male and female mice for 30 days or longer. Daily diuresis in catheterized mice was twice higher as compared to metabolic cages. The twofold difference in urine recovery was preserved when the circadian variation of diuresis, the effects of furosemide, desmopressin and water load were estimated using the two techniques. Urine osmolarity, urinalysis, and microbiological parameters evidence higher quality of the catheter-collected urine. Using phenol red, we demonstrate utility of our technique for pharmacokinetic studies. 30 days after the surgery the catheters were patent and had minimal impact on the animals' heath. Bladder catheterization is a useful tool for physiological, pharmacological, and toxicological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander A Andreev-Andrievskiy
- M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Biology Faculty, 119991 Moscow, 1-12 Leninskie Gory, Russia; Institute of biomedical problems, Russian Academy of Science, 123007 Moscow, 76A Khoroshevskoe Shosse, Russia; MSU Institute for Mitoengineering, LLC, 119991 Moscow, 1-73 Leninskie Gory, Russia.
| | - Evgeniya A Lagereva
- Institute of biomedical problems, Russian Academy of Science, 123007 Moscow, 76A Khoroshevskoe Shosse, Russia; MSU Institute for Mitoengineering, LLC, 119991 Moscow, 1-73 Leninskie Gory, Russia
| | - Nadezda V Pankova
- Institute of biomedical problems, Russian Academy of Science, 123007 Moscow, 76A Khoroshevskoe Shosse, Russia; MSU Institute for Mitoengineering, LLC, 119991 Moscow, 1-73 Leninskie Gory, Russia
| | - Mikhail A Mashkin
- Institute of biomedical problems, Russian Academy of Science, 123007 Moscow, 76A Khoroshevskoe Shosse, Russia; MSU Institute for Mitoengineering, LLC, 119991 Moscow, 1-73 Leninskie Gory, Russia
| | - Vasily N Manskikh
- MSU Institute for Mitoengineering, LLC, 119991 Moscow, 1-73 Leninskie Gory, Russia; A.N. Belozerskiy Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, 119991 Moscow, 1-40 Leninskie Gory, Russia
| | - Olga Yu Frolova
- MSU Institute for Mitoengineering, LLC, 119991 Moscow, 1-73 Leninskie Gory, Russia
| | - Olga V Fadeeva
- MSU Institute for Mitoengineering, LLC, 119991 Moscow, 1-73 Leninskie Gory, Russia
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20
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Jasim DA, Newman L, Rodrigues AF, Vacchi IA, Lucherelli MA, Lozano N, Ménard-Moyon C, Bianco A, Kostarelos K. The impact of graphene oxide sheet lateral dimensions on their pharmacokinetic and tissue distribution profiles in mice. J Control Release 2021; 338:330-340. [PMID: 34418522 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Although the use of graphene and 2-dimensional (2D) materials in biomedicine has been explored for over a decade now, there are still significant knowledge gaps regarding the fate of these materials upon interaction with living systems. Here, the pharmacokinetic profile of graphene oxide (GO) sheets of three different lateral dimensions was studied. The GO materials were functionalized with a PEGylated DOTA (1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid), a radiometal chelating agent for radioisotope attachment for single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT/CT) imaging. Our results revealed that GO materials with three distinct size distributions, large (l-GO-DOTA), small (s-GO-DOTA) and ultra-small (us-GO-DOTA), were sequestered by the spleen and liver. Significant accumulation of the large material (l-GO-DOTA) in the lungs was also observed, unlike the other two materials. Interestingly, there was extensive urinary excretion of all three GO nanomaterials indicating that urinary excretion of these structures was not affected by lateral dimensions. Comparing with previous studies, we believe that the thickness of layered nanomaterials is the predominant factor that governs their excretion rather than lateral size. However, the rate of urinary excretion was affected by lateral size, with large GO excreting at slower rates. This study provides better understanding of 2D materials in vivo behaviour with varying structural features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhifaf A Jasim
- Nanomedicine Lab, National Graphene Institute, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, University of Manchester, AV Hill Building, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Leon Newman
- Nanomedicine Lab, National Graphene Institute, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, University of Manchester, AV Hill Building, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Artur Filipe Rodrigues
- Nanomedicine Lab, National Graphene Institute, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, University of Manchester, AV Hill Building, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Isabella A Vacchi
- CNRS, Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry, UPR3572, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg 67000, France
| | - Matteo A Lucherelli
- CNRS, Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry, UPR3572, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg 67000, France
| | - Neus Lozano
- Nanomedicine Lab, National Graphene Institute, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, University of Manchester, AV Hill Building, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom; Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cécilia Ménard-Moyon
- CNRS, Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry, UPR3572, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg 67000, France
| | - Alberto Bianco
- CNRS, Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry, UPR3572, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg 67000, France
| | - Kostas Kostarelos
- Nanomedicine Lab, National Graphene Institute, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, University of Manchester, AV Hill Building, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom; Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain.
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21
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Ahmadi A, Niknahad H, Li H, Mobasheri A, Manthari RK, Azarpira N, Mousavi K, Khalvati B, Zhao Y, Sun J, Zong Y, Ommati MM, Heidari R. The inhibition of NFкB signaling and inflammatory response as a strategy for blunting bile acid-induced hepatic and renal toxicity. Toxicol Lett 2021; 349:12-29. [PMID: 34089816 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2021.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The cholestatic liver injury could occur in response to a variety of diseases or xenobiotics. Although cholestasis primarily affects liver function, it has been well-known that other organs such as the kidney could be influenced in cholestatic patients. Severe cholestasis could lead to tissue fibrosis and organ failure. Unfortunately, there is no specific therapeutic option against cholestasis-induced organ injury. Hence, finding the mechanism of organ injury during cholestasis could lead to therapeutic options against this complication. The accumulation of potentially cytotoxic compounds such as hydrophobic bile acids is the most suspected mechanism involved in the pathogenesis of cholestasis-induced organ injury. A plethora of evidence indicates a role for the inflammatory response in the pathogenesis of several human diseases. Here, the role of nuclear factor-kB (NFkB)-mediated inflammatory response is investigated in an animal model of cholestasis. Bile duct ligated (BDL) animals were treated with sulfasalazine (SSLZ, 10 and 100 mg/kg, i.p) as a potent inhibitor of NFkB signaling. The NFkB proteins family activity in the liver and kidney, serum and tissue levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, tissue biomarkers of oxidative stress, serum markers of organ injury, and the liver and kidney histopathological alterations and fibrotic changes. The oxidative stress-mediated inflammatory-related indices were monitored in the kidney and liver at scheduled time intervals (3, 7, and 14 days after BDL operation). Significant increase in serum and urine markers of organ injury, besides changes in biomarkers of oxidative stress and tissue histopathology, were evident in the liver and kidney of BDL animals. The activity of NFkB proteins (p65, p50, p52, c-Rel, and RelB) was significantly increased in the liver and kidney of cholestatic animals. Serum and tissue levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-7, IL-12, IL-17, IL-18, IL-23, TNF-α, and INF-γ) were also higher than sham-operated animals. Moreover, TGF- β, α-SMA, and tissue fibrosis (Trichrome stain) were evident in cholestatic animals' liver and kidneys. It was found that SSLZ (10 and 100 mg/kg/day, i.p) alleviated cholestasis-induced hepatic and renal injury. The effect of SSLZ on NFkB signaling and suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines could play a significant role in its protective role in cholestasis. Based on these data, NFkB signaling could receive special attention to develop therapeutic options to blunt cholestasis-induced organ injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asrin Ahmadi
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, China; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hossein Niknahad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Huifeng Li
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, China
| | - Ali Mobasheri
- Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, FI-90014, Oulu, Finland; Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, LT-08406, Vilnius, Lithuania; Departments of Orthopedics, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 508 GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Joint Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ram Kumar Manthari
- Department of Biotechnology, GITAM Institute of Science, Gandhi Institute of Technology and Management, Visakhapatnam, 530045, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Negar Azarpira
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Khadijeh Mousavi
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, China; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Bahman Khalvati
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Yangfei Zhao
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, 030031, Shanxi, China
| | - Jianyu Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, China
| | - Yuqi Zong
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, China
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Ommati
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, China; Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Reza Heidari
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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22
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Lubbe C, Harvey BH, Viljoen FP, Meyer L, Wolmarans DW. Forced running-induced rhabdomyolysis in the Sprague-Dawley rat: towards a rodent model of capture myopathy. Vet Res Commun 2021; 45:459-465. [PMID: 34570329 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-021-09840-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Capture myopathy (CM) is a metabolic disease associated with mortality in mass boma captured (MBC) wildlife. The condition is induced by the forced pursuit, capturing, and restraint of wild animals, although its causal biology remains to be confirmed. A core feature of MBC-CM is rhabdomyolysis, which is associated with myoglobinuria and hyperthermia. Towards developing a translational model of CM-associated rhabdomyolysis, we investigated forced treadmill running to induce physical exhaustion and trigger rhabdomyolysis in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. Twenty-four (24) SD rats (12 per sex) were subjected to treadmill habituation in a speed-tiered approach. Forty-eight hours after the last habituation session, one strenuous exercise (SE) session was performed at 75% of the theoretical VO2MAX (30 m/min) until animals reached physical exhaustion. Core and skin surface temperatures were measured before the SE session and after rats reached exhaustion, after which a 1-h-cumulative urine sample was collected, and the myoglobin content assayed. We show that most SE, but not control-exposed (non-exercise) rats presented with myoglobinuria, while core and surface body temperatures in both male and female rats were significantly higher post-exercise. This pre-clinical model framework shows potential for investigating the pathophysiology of MBC-CM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal Lubbe
- Center of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences and North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Brian H Harvey
- Center of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences and North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
- MRC Unit On Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health and Neuroscience Institute, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Francois P Viljoen
- Center of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences and North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Leith Meyer
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences and Center for Veterinary Wildlife Research, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - De Wet Wolmarans
- Center of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences and North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa.
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23
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Duarte C MA, Carballo O JM, De Gouveia YM, García A, Ruiz D, Gledhill T, González-Marcano E, Convit AF. Toxicity evaluation of ConvitVax breast cancer immunotherapy. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12669. [PMID: 34135375 PMCID: PMC8209199 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91995-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
ConvitVax is a personalized vaccine for the treatment of breast cancer, composed of autologous tumor cells, bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) and low concentrations of formalin. Previous pre-clinical studies show that this therapy induces a potent activation of the immune system and achieves an effective response against tumor cells, reducing the size of the tumor and decreasing the percentage of immunosuppressive cells. In the present study, we evaluate the toxicity of ConvitVax in healthy BALB/c mice to determine potential adverse effects related to the vaccine and each of its components. We used standard guidelines for pain, discomfort and distress recognition, continuously evaluated the site of the injection, and completed blood and urine clinical tests. Endpoint necropsy was performed, measuring the weight of organs and processing liver, kidney, thymus and lung for histological examination. Results show that the vaccine in its therapeutic dose, at 3 times its therapeutic concentration, and its individual components did not cause death or behavioral or biological changes, including any abnormalities in whole-body or organ weights, and tissue damage. These results support the safety of ConvitVax with minimal to no side-effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- María A Duarte C
- Unidad Experimental de Inmunoterapia, Fundación Jacinto Convit, Caracas, Venezuela
| | | | | | - Angie García
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Diana Ruiz
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Teresa Gledhill
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital José María Vargas, Caracas, Venezuela
| | | | - Ana F Convit
- Unidad Experimental de Inmunoterapia, Fundación Jacinto Convit, Caracas, Venezuela.
- Jacinto Convit World Organization, Inc., Palo Alto, CA, USA.
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24
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Charteris AF, Marsden KA, Evans JR, Barrat HA, Loick N, Jones DL, Chadwick DR, Cárdenas LM. Optimising storage conditions and processing of sheep urine for nitrogen cycle and gaseous emission measurements from urine patches. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12116. [PMID: 34108538 PMCID: PMC8190061 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91498-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In grazing systems, urine patches deposited by livestock are hotspots of nutrient cycling and the most important source of nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. Studies of the effects of urine deposition, including, for example, the determination of country-specific N2O emission factors, require natural urine for use in experiments and face challenges obtaining urine of the same composition, but of differing concentrations. Yet, few studies have explored the importance of storage conditions and processing of ruminant urine for use in subsequent gaseous emission experiments. We conducted three experiments with sheep urine to determine optimal storage conditions and whether partial freeze-drying could be used to concentrate the urine, while maintaining the constituent profile and the subsequent urine-derived gaseous emission response once applied to soil. We concluded that filtering of urine prior to storage, and storage at - 20 °C best maintains the nitrogen-containing constituent profile of sheep urine samples. In addition, based on the 14 urine chemical components determined in this study, partial lyophilisation of sheep urine to a concentrate represents a suitable approach to maintain the constituent profile at a higher overall concentration and does not alter sheep urine-derived soil gaseous emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice F Charteris
- Sustainable Agriculture Sciences, Rothamsted Research, North Wyke, Okehampton, EX20 2SB, DEV, UK
| | - Karina A Marsden
- School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, LL57 2UW, GWN, UK
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Jess R Evans
- Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Harry A Barrat
- Sustainable Agriculture Sciences, Rothamsted Research, North Wyke, Okehampton, EX20 2SB, DEV, UK
| | - Nadine Loick
- Sustainable Agriculture Sciences, Rothamsted Research, North Wyke, Okehampton, EX20 2SB, DEV, UK
| | - Davey L Jones
- School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, LL57 2UW, GWN, UK
- SoilsWest, UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - David R Chadwick
- School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, LL57 2UW, GWN, UK
| | - Laura M Cárdenas
- Sustainable Agriculture Sciences, Rothamsted Research, North Wyke, Okehampton, EX20 2SB, DEV, UK.
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25
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Defensor EB, Lim MA, Schaevitz LR. Biomonitoring and Digital Data Technology as an Opportunity for Enhancing Animal Study Translation. ILAR J 2021; 62:223-231. [PMID: 34097730 DOI: 10.1093/ilar/ilab018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The failure of animal studies to translate to effective clinical therapeutics has driven efforts to identify underlying cause and develop solutions that improve the reproducibility and translatability of preclinical research. Common issues revolve around study design, analysis, and reporting as well as standardization between preclinical and clinical endpoints. To address these needs, recent advancements in digital technology, including biomonitoring of digital biomarkers, development of software systems and database technologies, as well as application of artificial intelligence to preclinical datasets can be used to increase the translational relevance of preclinical animal research. In this review, we will describe how a number of innovative digital technologies are being applied to overcome recurring challenges in study design, execution, and data sharing as well as improving scientific outcome measures. Examples of how these technologies are applied to specific therapeutic areas are provided. Digital technologies can enhance the quality of preclinical research and encourage scientific collaboration, thus accelerating the development of novel therapeutics.
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26
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Quantifying the frequency and volume of urine deposition by grazing sheep using tri-axial accelerometers. Animal 2021; 15:100234. [PMID: 34098494 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2021.100234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Urine patches deposited in pasture by grazing animals are sites of reactive nitrogen (N) loss to the environment due to high concentrations of N exceeding pasture uptake requirements. In order to upscale N losses from the urine patch, several urination parameters are required, including where, when and how often urination events occur as well as the volume and chemical composition. There are limited data available in this respect, especially for sheep. Here, we seek to address this knowledge gap by using non-invasive sensor-based technology (accelerometers) on ewes grazing in situ, using a Boolean algorithm to detect urination events in the accelerometer signal. We conducted an initial study with penned Welsh Mountain ewes (n = 5), with accelerometers attached to the hind, to derive urine flow rate and to determine whether urine volume could be estimated from ewe squat time. Then accelerometers attached to the hind of Welsh Mountain ewes (n = 30 at each site) were used to investigate the frequency of sheep urination events (n = 35 946) whilst grazing two extensively managed upland pastures (semi-improved and unimproved) across two seasons (spring and autumn) at each site (35-40 days each). Sheep urinated at a frequency of 10.2 ± 0.2 and 8.1 ± 0.3 times per day in the spring and autumn, respectively, while grazing the semi-improved pasture. Urination frequency was greater (19.0 ± 0.4 and 15.3 ± 0.3 times per day in the spring and autumn, respectively) in the unimproved pasture. Ewe squat duration could be reliably used to predict the volume of urine deposited per event and was thus used to estimate mean daily urine production volumes. Sheep urinated at a rate of 16.6 mL/s and, across the entire dataset, sheep squatted for an average of 9.62 ± 0.03 s per squatting event, producing an estimated average individual urine event volume of 159 ± 1 mL (n = 35 946 events), ranging between 17 and 745 mL (for squat durations of 1 to 45 s). The estimated mean daily urine volume was 2.15 ± 0.04 L (n = 2 669 days) across the entire dataset. The data will be useful for modelling studies estimating N losses (e.g. ammonia (NH3) volatilisation, nitrous oxide (N2O) emission via nitrification and denitrification and nitrate (NO3-) leaching) from urine patches.
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27
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Habib HA, Heeba GH, Khalifa MMA. Comparative effects of incretin-based therapy on early-onset diabetic nephropathy in rats: Role of TNF-α, TGF-β and c-caspase-3. Life Sci 2021; 278:119624. [PMID: 34004254 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Diabetic nephropathy, a major threat to diabetic patients, is considered as the main reason for end-stage renal disease. Fortunately, incretin-based therapy has been aroused as considerable source to attenuate diabetic renal damage. This study aimed to investigate whether superior protective effects on the progression of diabetic kidney are exerted by glucagon-like peptide-1 analog, exenatide, or dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, sitagliptin. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male Wistar rats were fed high-fat diet for 2 weeks followed by injection of low dose streptozotocin to induce type 2 diabetes mellitus. Four weeks after induction of diabetes, diabetic rats were administered vehicle, exenatide (5 μg/kg/day, SC) or sitagliptin (10 mg/kg/day, orally) for 4 weeks. KEY FINDINGS Different incretin mimetic agents improved renal function as evident by significant decreases in serum creatinine and urea levels with decline in urinary microalbuminuria and marked improvement in histological alterations. Both treated diabetic rats also exhibited a significant improvement in metabolic intolerance with more pronounced effect of exenatide on glucose regulation. Ameliorated renal oxidative stress alongside significant downregulation in transforming growth factor-beta, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and cleaved-caspase-3 protein expressions in renal tissues were recorded in treated diabetic rats. SIGNIFICANCE Administration of either exenatide or sitagliptin showed ameliorative effects on early diabetic nephropathy without notable differences between their renal protective effects. However, further clinical studies are still required to ensure their comparative promising effects on the management of renal complication of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba A Habib
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Gehan H Heeba
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed M A Khalifa
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
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28
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Influence of Strain and Diet on Urinary pH in Laboratory Mice. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11030702. [PMID: 33807730 PMCID: PMC8000841 DOI: 10.3390/ani11030702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Dietary cation anion balance (DCAB) influences urine pH in several species, e.g., cats, dogs, pigs and cattle suggesting a species-specific impact. In the present study, we aimed to explore the impact of three diets with different DACB on wildtype laboratory mice. During a two-month feeding trial urine pH and body weight were measured in C57Bl/6J and CD1 male mice. Remarkable, we observed strong impact of the genetic background and diet on urine pH levels. A plausible explanation is that differences in renal phosphorus excretion and, in turn, phosphate buffering capacity account for these differences. It is tempting to speculate that standard laboratory mouse models show DCAB dependent variations in urine pH. Abstract Acid base homeostasis and urine pH is influenced by the dietary cation anion balance (DCAB) in many species. Here, a negative DCAB acidifies the urine, while higher DCABs alkalize the urine. The dimension of the DCAB effect can be species-specific, because of differences in urine buffer systems. The aim of the present study was to describe the response of laboratory mice to diets with different DCAB. We used 8-week-old wildtype male mice of the C57Bl/6J inbred strain and CD1 outbred stock. Three groups (n = 15 animals/group) were formed and fed standard diet A for adaptation. For the 7-week feeding trial, mice were either kept on diet A (DCAB −7 mmol/kg dry matter (DM) or switched to diet B (246 mmol/kg DM) or C (−257 mmol/kg DM). Urine pH was measured weekly from a pooled sample per cage. There was a significant difference in the basal urine pH on diet A between C57Bl6/J and CD1 mice. The shift in urine pH was also significantly different between the two groups investigated.
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Ommati MM, Farshad O, Azarpira N, Ghazanfari E, Niknahad H, Heidari R. Silymarin mitigates bile duct obstruction-induced cholemic nephropathy. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2021; 394:1301-1314. [PMID: 33538845 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-020-02040-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Bile duct obstruction or cholestasis can occur by several diseases or xenobiotics. Cholestasis and the accumulation of the bile constituents in the liver primarily damage this organ. On the other hand, extrahepatic organs are also affected by cholestasis. The kidney is the most affected tissue during cholestatic liver injury. Cholestasis-associated renal injury is known as cholemic nephropathy (CN). Several lines of evidence specify the involvement of oxidative stress and mitochondrial impairment in the pathogenesis of CN. The current study aimed to assess the role of silymarin as a potent antioxidant on CN-induced oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in the kidney. Bile duct ligated (BDL) rats were treated with silymarin (10 and 100 mg/kg, oral) for seven consecutive days. A significant increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxidation, protein carbonylation, and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) levels were evident in the kidney of BDL animals. Moreover, reduced glutathione (GSH) content and total antioxidant capacity were significantly decreased in the kidney of cholestatic rats. Mitochondrial depolarization, decreased mitochondrial dehydrogenases activity, mitochondrial permeabilization, and depleted ATP stores were detected in the kidney mitochondria isolated from BDL animals. Kidney histopathological alterations, as well as serum and urine levels of renal injury biomarkers, were also significantly different in the BDL group. It was found that silymarin treatment significantly ameliorated CN-induced renal injury. The antioxidant effects of silymarin and its positive impact on mitochondrial indices seem to play a significant role in its renoprotective effects during cholestasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mehdi Ommati
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Omid Farshad
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 158371345, Roknabad, Karafarin St., Shiraz, Fars, Iran
| | - Negar Azarpira
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Elmira Ghazanfari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 158371345, Roknabad, Karafarin St., Shiraz, Fars, Iran
| | - Hossein Niknahad
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. .,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 158371345, Roknabad, Karafarin St., Shiraz, Fars, Iran.
| | - Reza Heidari
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Ghanbarinejad V, Jamshidzadeh A, Khalvati B, Farshad O, Li H, Shi X, Chen Y, Ommati MM, Heidari R. Apoptosis-inducing factor plays a role in the pathogenesis of hepatic and renal injury during cholestasis. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2021; 394:1191-1203. [PMID: 33527194 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-020-02041-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cholestasis is a clinical complication with different etiologies. The liver is the primary organ influenced in cholestasis. Renal injury is also a severe clinical complication in cholestatic/cirrhotic patients. Several studies mentioned the importance of oxidative stress and mitochondrial impairment as two mechanistically interrelated events in cholestasis-induced organ injury. Apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) is a flavoprotein located in the inner mitochondrial membrane. This molecule is involved in a distinct pathway of cell death. The current study aimed to evaluate the role of AIF in the pathophysiology of cholestasis-associated hepatic and renal injury. Bile duct ligation (BDL) was used as an animal model of cholestasis. Serum, urine, and tissue samples were collected at scheduled time intervals (3, 7, 14, and 28 days after BDL surgery). Tissues' AIF mRNA levels, as well as serum, urine, and tissue activity of AIF, were measured. Moreover, markers of DNA fragmentation and apoptosis were assessed in the liver and kidney of cholestatic animals. A significant increase in liver and kidney AIF mRNA levels, in addition to increased AIF activity in the liver, kidney, serum, and urine, was detected in BDL rats. DNA fragmentation and apoptosis were raised in the liver and kidney of cholestatic animals, especially at the early stage of the disease. The apoptotic mode of cell death in the liver and kidney was connected to a higher AIF level. These data mention the importance of AIF in the pathogenesis of cholestasis-induced organ injury, especially at the early stage of this disease. Mitochondrial release of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) seems to play a pathogenic role in cholestasis-associated hepatic and renal injury. AIF release is directly connected to oxidative stress and mitochondrial impairment in cholestatic animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Ghanbarinejad
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 158371345, Roknabad, Karafarin St, Shiraz, Fars, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Akram Jamshidzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 158371345, Roknabad, Karafarin St, Shiraz, Fars, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Bahman Khalvati
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Omid Farshad
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 158371345, Roknabad, Karafarin St, Shiraz, Fars, Iran
| | - Huifeng Li
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiong Shi
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Yuanyu Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Ommati
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China.
| | - Reza Heidari
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 158371345, Roknabad, Karafarin St, Shiraz, Fars, Iran.
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Prikhozhdenko ES, Gusliakova OI, Kulikov OA, Mayorova OA, Shushunova NA, Abdurashitov AS, Bratashov DN, Pyataev NA, Tuchin VV, Gorin DA, Sukhorukov GB, Sindeeva OA. Target delivery of drug carriers in mice kidney glomeruli via renal artery. Balance between efficiency and safety. J Control Release 2021; 329:175-190. [PMID: 33276016 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.11.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Targeting drug delivery systems is crucial to reducing the side effects of therapy. However, many of them are lacking effectiveness for kidney targeting, due to systemic dispersion and accumulation in the lungs and liver after intravenous administration. Renal artery administration of carriers provides their effective local accumulation but may cause irreversible vessel blockage. Therefore, the combination of the correct administration procedure, suitable drug delivery system, selection of effective and safe dosage is the key to sparing local therapy. Here, we propose the 3-μm sized fluorescent capsules based on poly-L-arginine and dextran sulfate for targeting the kidney via a mice renal artery. Hemodynamic study of the target kidney in combination with the histological analysis reveals a safe dose of microcapsules (20 × 106), which has not lead to irreversible pathological changes in blood flow and kidney tissue, and provides retention of 20.5 ± 3% of the introduced capsules in the renal cortex glomeruli. Efficacy of fluorescent dye localization in the target kidney after intra-arterial administration is 9 times higher than in the opposite kidney and after intravenous injection. After 24 h microcapsules are not observed in the target kidney when the safe dose of carriers is being used but a high level of fluorescent signal persists for 48 h indicating that fluorescent cargo accumulation in tissues. Injection of non-safe microcapsule dose leads to carriers staying in glomeruli for at least 48 h which has consequences of blood flow not being restored and tissue damage being observed in histology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Olga I Gusliakova
- Saratov State University, 83 Astrakhanskaya str., Saratov 410012, Russia
| | - Oleg A Kulikov
- Ogarev Mordovia State University, 68 Bolshevistskaya str., Saransk 430005, Russia
| | - Oksana A Mayorova
- Saratov State University, 83 Astrakhanskaya str., Saratov 410012, Russia
| | | | - Arkady S Abdurashitov
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Skolkovo Innovation Center, 3 Nobel str., Moscow 143005, Russia
| | - Daniil N Bratashov
- Saratov State University, 83 Astrakhanskaya str., Saratov 410012, Russia
| | - Nikolay A Pyataev
- Ogarev Mordovia State University, 68 Bolshevistskaya str., Saransk 430005, Russia
| | - Valery V Tuchin
- Saratov State University, 83 Astrakhanskaya str., Saratov 410012, Russia; National Research Tomsk State University, 36 Lenin Ave., Tomsk 634050, Russia
| | - Dmitry A Gorin
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Skolkovo Innovation Center, 3 Nobel str., Moscow 143005, Russia
| | - Gleb B Sukhorukov
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Skolkovo Innovation Center, 3 Nobel str., Moscow 143005, Russia; School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End, Eng, 215, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - Olga A Sindeeva
- Saratov State University, 83 Astrakhanskaya str., Saratov 410012, Russia; Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Skolkovo Innovation Center, 3 Nobel str., Moscow 143005, Russia.
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Fasoli S, Ferlizza E, Andreani G, Sandri C, Dondi F, Isani G. Noninvasive sampling method for urinalysis and urine protein profile in captive giraffes. J Vet Diagn Invest 2021; 33:25-34. [PMID: 33243090 PMCID: PMC7758703 DOI: 10.1177/1040638720975370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Urinalysis could be helpful to investigate the health status of giraffes held in captivity using noninvasive methods to avoid animal handling or anesthesia. We collected 52 voided urine samples from 20 giraffes of different ages, sexes, and subspecies from the ground. To evaluate potential interference by soil contaminants, a pilot study was performed using 20 urine samples obtained from 10 cows. All bovine and 29 giraffe samples were subjected to routine urinalysis including urine specific gravity (USG). All samples were analyzed for urine total protein (uTP), urine creatinine (uCrea) concentration, and urine protein-to-urine creatinine ratio (UPC). Urinary proteins were separated by SDS-PAGE electrophoresis. No significant differences were determined between free-catch and urine sampled from the ground in cows. Giraffe urine was pale-yellow, with alkaline pH (>8.0) and a mean USG of 1.035 ± 0.013. The uTP, uCrea, and UPC expressed as median (range) were 0.20 (0.08-0.47) g/L, 2.36 (0.62-5.2) g/L, and 0.08 (0.05-0.15), respectively. SDS-PAGE allowed the separation of protein bands with different molecular masses, including putative uromodulin at 90 kD, putative albumin at 64 kD, and putative immunoglobulin heavy and light chains at 49 kD and 25 kD, respectively. Urine collection from the ground appears to be a reliable technique for urinalysis and urine electrophoresis in giraffes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Fasoli
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Italy
| | - Enea Ferlizza
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Italy
| | - Giulia Andreani
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Italy
| | - Camillo Sandri
- Parco Natura Viva–Garda Zoological Park, Veterinary Department, Bussolengo, Verona, Italy
| | - Francesco Dondi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Italy
| | - Gloria Isani
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Italy
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Ueno M, Tomita T, Arakawa H, Kakuta T, Yamagishi TA, Terakawa J, Daikoku T, Horike SI, Si S, Kurayoshi K, Ito C, Kasahara A, Tadokoro Y, Kobayashi M, Fukuwatari T, Tamai I, Hirao A, Ogoshi T. Pillar[6]arene acts as a biosensor for quantitative detection of a vitamin metabolite in crude biological samples. Commun Chem 2020; 3:183. [PMID: 36703437 PMCID: PMC9814258 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-020-00430-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is associated with obesity, hypertension, and dyslipidemia, and increased cardiovascular risk. Therefore, quick and accurate measurements of specific metabolites are critical for diagnosis; however, detection methods are limited. Here we describe the synthesis of pillar[n]arenes to target 1-methylnicotinamide (1-MNA), which is one metabolite of vitamin B3 (nicotinamide) produced by the cancer-associated nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT). We found that water-soluble pillar[5]arene (P5A) forms host-guest complexes with both 1-MNA and nicotinamide, and water-soluble pillar[6]arene (P6A) selectively binds to 1-MNA at the micromolar level. P6A can be used as a "turn-off sensor" by photoinduced electron transfer (detection limit is 4.38 × 10-6 M). In our cell-free reaction, P6A is used to quantitatively monitor the activity of NNMT. Moreover, studies using NNMT-deficient mice reveal that P6A exclusively binds to 1-MNA in crude urinary samples. Our findings demonstrate that P6A can be used as a biosensor to quantify 1-MNA in crude biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaya Ueno
- grid.9707.90000 0001 2308 3329Division of Molecular Genetics, Cancer and Stem Cell Research Program, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192 Japan ,grid.9707.90000 0001 2308 3329WPI Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-Nano LSI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192 Japan
| | - Takuya Tomita
- grid.9707.90000 0001 2308 3329Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Arakawa
- grid.9707.90000 0001 2308 3329Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192 Japan
| | - Takahiro Kakuta
- grid.9707.90000 0001 2308 3329WPI Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-Nano LSI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192 Japan ,grid.9707.90000 0001 2308 3329Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192 Japan
| | - Tada-aki Yamagishi
- grid.9707.90000 0001 2308 3329Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192 Japan
| | - Jumpei Terakawa
- grid.9707.90000 0001 2308 3329Institute for Experimental Animals, Advanced Science Research Center, Kanazawa University, Takara-machi, Kanazawa, 920-8641 Japan
| | - Takiko Daikoku
- grid.9707.90000 0001 2308 3329Institute for Experimental Animals, Advanced Science Research Center, Kanazawa University, Takara-machi, Kanazawa, 920-8641 Japan
| | - Shin-ichi Horike
- grid.9707.90000 0001 2308 3329Division of Functional Genomics, Advanced Science Research Center, Kanazawa University, Takara-machi, Kanazawa, 920-8641 Japan
| | - Sha Si
- grid.9707.90000 0001 2308 3329Division of Molecular Genetics, Cancer and Stem Cell Research Program, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192 Japan ,grid.9707.90000 0001 2308 3329WPI Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-Nano LSI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192 Japan
| | - Kenta Kurayoshi
- grid.9707.90000 0001 2308 3329Division of Molecular Genetics, Cancer and Stem Cell Research Program, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192 Japan
| | - Chiaki Ito
- grid.9707.90000 0001 2308 3329Division of Molecular Genetics, Cancer and Stem Cell Research Program, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192 Japan
| | - Atsuko Kasahara
- grid.9707.90000 0001 2308 3329Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192 Japan
| | - Yuko Tadokoro
- grid.9707.90000 0001 2308 3329Division of Molecular Genetics, Cancer and Stem Cell Research Program, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192 Japan ,grid.9707.90000 0001 2308 3329WPI Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-Nano LSI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192 Japan
| | - Masahiko Kobayashi
- grid.9707.90000 0001 2308 3329Division of Molecular Genetics, Cancer and Stem Cell Research Program, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192 Japan ,grid.9707.90000 0001 2308 3329WPI Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-Nano LSI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192 Japan
| | - Tsutomu Fukuwatari
- grid.412698.00000 0001 1500 8310Department of Nutrition, School of Human Cultures, The University of Shiga Prefecture, 2500 Hassaka, Hikone, Shiga 522-8533 Japan
| | - Ikumi Tamai
- grid.9707.90000 0001 2308 3329Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192 Japan
| | - Atsushi Hirao
- grid.9707.90000 0001 2308 3329Division of Molecular Genetics, Cancer and Stem Cell Research Program, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192 Japan ,grid.9707.90000 0001 2308 3329WPI Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-Nano LSI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192 Japan
| | - Tomoki Ogoshi
- grid.9707.90000 0001 2308 3329WPI Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-Nano LSI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192 Japan ,grid.258799.80000 0004 0372 2033Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Kyoto University, Kyoto, 615-8510 Japan
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Yadav SN, Ahmed N, Nath AJ, Mahanta D, Kalita MK. Urinalysis in dog and cat: A review. Vet World 2020; 13:2133-2141. [PMID: 33281347 PMCID: PMC7704312 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2020.2133-2141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Urinalysis is the examination of normal and abnormal constituents of urine. It is an easy, cheap, and vital initial diagnostic test for veterinarians. Complete urinalysis includes the examination of color, odor, turbidity, volume, pH, specific gravity, protein, glucose, ketones, blood, erythrocytes, leukocytes, epithelial cells, casts, crystal, and organisms. Semi-quantitative urine analysis with urine dipsticks, as well as an automatic analyzer, provides multiple biochemical data. Contamination is almost entirely avoided if the protocols for ensuring a proper sample have been followed, as mentioned still consideration must be given to the likelihood of contamination, even if the sample is correctly obtained. Interpretation of urinalysis will be doubtful if the knowledge of the interference is limited. Well-standardized urinalysis, when correlated in the context of history, clinical findings, and other diagnostic test results, can identify both renal and non-renal disease. This paper reviews significance of different components of urinalysis of dog and cat, such as collection, storage, examination, interpretation, and common causes of error in the result.
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Affiliation(s)
- S N Yadav
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Lakhimpur College of Veterinary Science, Joyhing, Assam Agricultural University, North Lakhimpur, Assam, India
| | - N Ahmed
- Department of Animal Reproduction Gynecology and Obstetrics, Lakhimpur College of Veterinary Science, Joyhing, Assam Agricultural University, North Lakhimpur, Assam, India
| | - A J Nath
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Lakhimpur College of Veterinary Science, Joyhing, Assam Agricultural University, North Lakhimpur, Assam, India
| | - D Mahanta
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Lakhimpur College of Veterinary Science, Joyhing, Assam Agricultural University, North Lakhimpur, Assam, India
| | - M K Kalita
- Department of Animal Reproduction Gynecology and Obstetrics, Lakhimpur College of Veterinary Science, Joyhing, Assam Agricultural University, North Lakhimpur, Assam, India
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Fereig RM, Nishikawa Y. Urological detection of specific antibodies against Neospora caninum infection in mice: A prospect for novel diagnostic approach of Neospora. Exp Parasitol 2020; 216:107942. [PMID: 32598889 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2020.107942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The intracellular protozoan parasite Neospora caninum is incriminated to induce drastic economic losses in both livestock and pet animal industries. Neosporosis is primarily characterized by abortion in cattle and paralytic symptoms in dogs. Because there are no effective treatments or vaccines, diagnosis is critical for Neospora control. Thus, diversification of laboratory tests and specimens used for diagnosis of N. caninum is an essential scientific endeavor to judge and select the most appropriate diagnostic tool. Herein, we provide the first evidence for the utility of urine samples for demonstration of specific antibodies against N. caninum employing an experimentally infected murine model. Specific antibodies to recombinant N. caninum dense granule 7, surface antigen 1, and lysate antigen were assayed using different antibodies-based ELISAs. Urine based IgG ELISA efficiently discriminated between infected mice (acute or chronic infection), and those of non-infected mice. This effect was also noticed for IgG1 and IgG2a suggesting the utility of urine for assessment of T-helper 2- and T-helper 1-mediated immunities, respectively. In addition, reactivity of specific antibody in urine was also confirmed against parasites when indirect fluorescent antibody test was employed. Usefulness of urine as an additional clinical sample for Neospora diagnosis was confirmed via comparison with the relevant control non-infected and infected mouse sera as reference samples. Because of minimum invasiveness and ease of urine collection, this approach might offer new diagnostic opportunities for N. caninum either for the field or research purposes. However, further studies are required to extrapolate this preliminary study and results in the animal species of interest particularly in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ragab M Fereig
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido, 080-8555, Japan; Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena City, Qena, 83523, Egypt
| | - Yoshifumi Nishikawa
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido, 080-8555, Japan.
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Fitzpatrick SF, Lambden S, Macias D, Puthucheary Z, Pietsch S, Mendil L, McPhail MJW, Johnson RS. 2-Hydroxyglutarate Metabolism Is Altered in an in vivo Model of LPS Induced Endotoxemia. Front Physiol 2020; 11:147. [PMID: 32194434 PMCID: PMC7063103 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The metabolic response to endotoxemia closely mimics those seen in sepsis. Here, we show that the urinary excretion of the metabolite 2-hydroxyglutarate (2HG) is dramatically suppressed following lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration in vivo, and in human septic patients. We further show that enhanced activation of the enzymes responsible for 2-HG degradation, D- and L-2-HGDH, underlie this effect. To determine the role of supplementation with 2HG, we carried out co-administration of LPS and 2HG. This co-administration in mice modulates a number of aspects of physiological responses to LPS, and in particular, protects against LPS-induced hypothermia. Our results identify a novel role for 2HG in endotoxemia pathophysiology, and suggest that this metabolite may be a critical diagnostic and therapeutic target for sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan F Fitzpatrick
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Lambden
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - David Macias
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Zudin Puthucheary
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, Centre for Health and Human Performance, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Centre for Human, Aerospace and Physiological Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sandra Pietsch
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Lee Mendil
- CRUK, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Mark J W McPhail
- Department of Inflammation Biology, Institute of Liver Studies, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Randall S Johnson
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Sartori AM, Kessler TM, Schwab ME. Methods for Assessing Lower Urinary Tract Function in Animal Models. Eur Urol Focus 2020; 7:186-189. [PMID: 31937460 DOI: 10.1016/j.euf.2019.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Lower urinary tract dysfunction affects a multitude of patients. Current therapeutic approaches are limited and very little is known about the mechanisms in failure of bladder control. Thus, more basic research is clearly needed to elucidate the underlying pathological mechanisms and to develop novel treatment strategies in urology. Noninvasive tests such as the void-spot assay and the metabolic cage and more invasive urodynamics investigations are currently used to assess lower urinary tract function in animals, in particular rodents. The noninvasive tests give some insights into the functionality of the system, whereas urodynamics testing yields an objective evaluation that allows distinction of different pathologies and investigations of the underlying neuronal malfunctions. PATIENT SUMMARY: We briefly summarize methods currently used to assess impairments of bladder function in animal models. Both noninvasive and invasive methods are available and can be used to understand and improve human health. An accurate and detailed diagnosis is, however, possible only with urodynamics assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea M Sartori
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Neuro-Urology, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Thomas M Kessler
- Department of Neuro-Urology, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Martin E Schwab
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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Abstract
This chapter provides an overview of the natural history, anatomy, physiology, clinical examination, common diseases, and treatment of rats (Rattus norvegicus) and mice (Mus musculus) in the context of veterinary medicine. Guidelines for the care and feeding of rats and mice can provide owners with information to help prevent disease in their pets. Useful techniques for restraint, clinical examination, and diagnostic sample collection are provided to aid veterinarians in thorough evaluation of these small rodents. Common diseases and treatments are discussed separately for each species, organized by organ system. Zoonotic diseases are also discussed to provide guidance for rat and mouse pet owners.
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Sartori AM, Schwab ME, Kessler TM. Ultrasound: A Valuable Translational Tool to Measure Postvoid Residual in Awake Rats? Eur Urol Focus 2019; 6:916-921. [PMID: 31813811 DOI: 10.1016/j.euf.2019.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ultrasound is generally used to measure postvoid residual (PVR) in daily clinical practice for a basic assessment of voiding dysfunction. In animal research, however, PVR is measured mostly by expelling the urine with gentle squeezing of the bladder. OBJECTIVE To assess the translational value of measuring PVR by ultrasound in awake rats with the aim of obtaining directly comparable data sets in patients and rodent models. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS A prospective animal study was conducted in 10 rats with large, incomplete thoracic spinal cord injury resulting in severe bladder impairment. Lower urinary tract function was assessed by urodynamics with implanted bladder catheter and external urethral sphincter electrodes, allowing for repeated measurements over time. Immediately after the last micturition cycle in the urodynamic investigation, PVR was first assessed by ultrasound using a 7.5 MHz linear probe and then by manually expelling the urine via gentle pressure on the abdomen. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS PVR was measured by ultrasound and by manually expelling the urine. Paired t test was used to analyze the difference between the two measurements 1 and 2 wk after spinal cord injury. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS PVR assessed by ultrasound was equal to and not statistically different from the volumes obtained by manual expulsion in intact rats, both before injury and during the first 2 wk after spinal cord injury (intact: 0.16 ± 0.07 vs 0.14 ± 0.09 ml, p = 0.08; week 1: 1.67 ± 0.53 vs 1.71 ± 0.55 ml, p = 0.67; week 2: 1.16 ± 0.35 vs 0.98 ± 0.43 ml, p = 0.11). The main limitation of ultrasound for measuring PVR is the restricted availability of ultrasound machines in animal research laboratories. CONCLUSIONS Ultrasound is a valuable translational tool to measure PVR in awake rats reflecting the situation in humans. PATIENT SUMMARY We measured postvoid residual by ultrasound in awake rats, analogous to clinical examination in humans. Ultrasonography provided similar values to the generally used manual bladder expulsion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea M Sartori
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Neuro-Urology, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Martin E Schwab
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas M Kessler
- Department of Neuro-Urology, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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Rydén A, Manell E, Biglarnia A, Hedenqvist P, Strandberg G, Ley C, Hansson K, Nyman G, Jensen-Waern M. Nursing and training of pigs used in renal transplantation studies. Lab Anim 2019; 54:469-478. [PMID: 31648591 DOI: 10.1177/0023677219879169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The pig is commonly used in renal transplantation studies since the porcine kidney resembles the human kidney. To meet the requirements of intense caretaking and examination without stress, a 2-week socialisation and training programme was developed. Conventional cross-breed pigs (n = 36) with high health status were trained for 15 min/day in a four-step training programme before kidney transplantation. The systematic training resulted in calm animals, which allowed for ultrasound examination, blood sampling and urine sampling without restraint. When a 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine polymer-coated jugular catheter introduced via the auricular vein was used for post-operative blood sampling, clotting was avoided. To assess renal function, urinary output was observed and creatinine and cystatin C were measured; the latter was not found to be useful in recently transplanted pigs. The results presented contribute to the 3Rs (refine, reduce, replace).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anneli Rydén
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sweden
| | - Elin Manell
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sweden
| | - Alireza Biglarnia
- Department of Transplantation, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Patricia Hedenqvist
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sweden
| | - Gabriel Strandberg
- Department of Transplantation, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Charles Ley
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sweden
| | - Kerstin Hansson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sweden
| | - Görel Nyman
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sweden
| | - Marianne Jensen-Waern
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sweden
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Renal glycosuria as a novel early sign of colistin-induced kidney damage in mice. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2019:AAC.01650-19. [PMID: 31591120 PMCID: PMC6879251 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01650-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The polymyxin colistin represents a last-resort antibiotic for multidrug-resistant infections, but its use is limited by the frequent onset of acute drug-induced kidney injury (DIKI). It is essential to closely monitor kidney function prior to and during colistin treatment in order to pinpoint early signs of injury and minimize long-term renal dysfunction. To facilitate this, a mouse model of colistin-induced nephrotoxicity was used to uncover novel early markers of colistin-induced DIKI. The polymyxin colistin represents a last-resort antibiotic for multidrug-resistant infections, but its use is limited by the frequent onset of acute drug-induced kidney injury (DIKI). It is essential to closely monitor kidney function prior to and during colistin treatment in order to pinpoint early signs of injury and minimize long-term renal dysfunction. To facilitate this, a mouse model of colistin-induced nephrotoxicity was used to uncover novel early markers of colistin-induced DIKI. Increased urinary levels of kidney injury molecule-1 (Kim-1) as well as glycosuria were observed in colistin-treated mice, where alterations of established clinical markers of acute kidney injury (serum creatinine and albuminuria) and emerging markers such as cystatin C were inaccurate in flagging renal damage as confirmed by histology. A direct interaction of colistin with renal glucose reabsorption was ruled out by a cis-inhibition assay in mouse brush border membrane vesicles (BBMV). Immunohistochemical examination and protein quantification by Western blotting showed a marked reduction in the protein amount of sodium-glucose transporter 2 (Sglt2), the main kidney glucose transporter, in renal tissue from colistin-treated mice in comparison to that in control animals. Consistently, BBMV isolated from treated mouse kidneys also showed a reduction in ex vivo glucose uptake compared to that in BBMV isolated from control kidneys. These findings support pathology observations of colistin-induced proximal tubule damage at the site of the brush border membrane, where Sglt2 is expressed, and open avenues for the study of glycosuria as a sensitive, specific, and accessible marker of DIKI during colistin therapy.
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Hoffman JF, Vechetti IJ, Alimov AP, Kalinich JF, McCarthy JJ, Peterson CA. Hydrophobic sand is a viable method of urine collection from the rat for extracellular vesicle biomarker analysis. Mol Genet Metab Rep 2019; 21:100505. [PMID: 31467851 PMCID: PMC6710715 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2019.100505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously we have shown in rats a new method of urine collection, hydrophobic sand, to be an acceptable alternate in place of the traditional method using metabolic cages. Hydrophobic sand is non-toxic, induces similar or lower levels of stress in the rat, and does not contaminate clinical urine markers nor metal concentrations in collected samples (Hoffman et al., 2017 and 2018). Urine is often used in humans and many animal models as a readily-attainable biosample which contains proteins and microRNAs (miRNAs) within extracellular vesicles (EVs) that can be isolated to indicate changes in health. In order to ensure hydrophobic sand did not in any way contaminate or disrupt the extraction and analysis of these EVs and miRNAs, we used urine samples from the same 8 rats in the within-subjects crossover experiment comparing hydrophobic sand and metabolic cage collection methods. We isolated EVs and miRNAs from the urine set and examined their quantity and quality between the urine collection methods. We found no significant differences in particle size, particle concentration, total RNA, or the type and abundance of miRNAs contained within the urine EVs due to urine collection method, suggesting hydrophobic sand represents an easy-to-use, non-invasive method to collect rodent urine for EVs and biomarker studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica F Hoffman
- Internal Contamination and Metal Toxicity Program, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University, 8901 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda, MD 20889, USA
| | - Ivan J Vechetti
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, 800 South Rose Street, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Alexander P Alimov
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, 800 South Rose Street, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - John F Kalinich
- Internal Contamination and Metal Toxicity Program, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University, 8901 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda, MD 20889, USA
| | - John J McCarthy
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, 800 South Rose Street, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Charlotte A Peterson
- College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky, 800 South Rose Street, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
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Gjendal K, Ottesen JL, Olsson IAS, Sørensen DB. Burrowing and nest building activity in mice after exposure to grid floor, isoflurane or ip injections. Physiol Behav 2019; 206:59-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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44
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Sahin Z, Solak H, Koc A, Ozen Koca R, Ozkurkculer A, Cakan P, Solak Gormus ZI, Kutlu S, Kelestimur H. Long-term metabolic cage housing increases anxiety/depression-related behaviours in adult male rats. Arch Physiol Biochem 2019; 125:122-127. [PMID: 29463132 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2018.1441314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
There are several reports on unfavourable effects of metabolic cage housing on animal welfare mainly due to the characteristic structures of these cages such as single housing and grid flooring. This study was aimed to compare the effects of long-term metabolic cage housing and conventional housing (normal grouped housing in standard cages) on the anxiety/depression-like behaviours in male rats. Anxiety/depression-related behaviours were evaluated by use of forced swimming test and open field test. Swimming and climbing were significantly lower and immobility duration higher in the metabolic cage group. In the open field test, total distance, mean velocity, time spent in the central area, zone transition, grooming, and rearing scores were significantly lower in the metabolic cage. Moreover, serum corticosterone level was higher in the metabolic cage group. The results of the study indicate that long-term metabolic cage housing may cause an increase in the anxiety- and depression-related behaviours in male rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zafer Sahin
- a Department of Physiology , Karadeniz Technical University , Trabzon , Turkey
| | - Hatice Solak
- b Department of Physiology , Necmettin Erbakan University , Konya , Turkey
| | - Aynur Koc
- b Department of Physiology , Necmettin Erbakan University , Konya , Turkey
| | - Raviye Ozen Koca
- b Department of Physiology , Necmettin Erbakan University , Konya , Turkey
| | | | - Pinar Cakan
- c Department of Physiology , Inonu University , Malatya , Turkey
| | | | - Selim Kutlu
- b Department of Physiology , Necmettin Erbakan University , Konya , Turkey
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45
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Yonis M, Haim A, Zubidat AE. Altered metabolic and hormonal responses in male rats exposed to acute bright light-at-night associated with global DNA hypo-methylation. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2019; 194:107-118. [PMID: 30953912 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2019.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The association between light pollution and disruption of daily rhythms, metabolic and hormonal disorders, as well as cancer progression is well-recognized. These adverse effects could be due to nocturnal melatonin suppression. The signaling pathway by which light pollution affects metabolism and endocrine responses is unclear. We studied the effects of artificial light at night (ALAN1) on body mass, food and water intake, daily rhythms of body temperature, serum glucose and insulin in male rats. Daily rhythms of urine production and urinary 6-sulfatoxymelatonin (6-SMT2), as well as global DNA methylation in pancreas and liver tissues were also assessed. Mass gain was higher in ALAN rats compared with controls. Food intake, water consumption, glucose, insulin, and 6-SMT levels markedly lessened in response to ALAN. Conversely, urine production and body temperature were elevated in ALAN rats compared with controls. Significant 24-h rhythms were detected for all variables that were altered in mesor, amplitude, and acrophase occurrences under ALAN conditions. DNA hypo-methylation was detected in ALAN pancreatic tissue compared with controls, but not in hepatic tissue. Overall, ALAN affects metabolic and hormonal physiology in different levels in which flexible crosstalk between melatonin and both epigenetics and metabolic levels expressed as body temperature rhythm, is suggested to mediate the environmental exposure at the molecular level and subsequently physiology is altered. The flexibility of epigenetic modifications provides a potential therapeutic target for rectifying ALAN adverse effects by epigenetic markers such as melatonin and behavioral lifestyle interventions for confining ALAN exposures as much as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Yonis
- Department of Human Biology, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Haifa 3498838, Israel
| | - Abraham Haim
- The Israeli Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Chronobiology, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Haifa 3498838, Israel.
| | - A Elsalam Zubidat
- The Israeli Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Chronobiology, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Haifa 3498838, Israel.
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Zubidat AE, Fares B, Fares F, Haim A. Artificial Light at Night of Different Spectral Compositions Differentially Affects Tumor Growth in Mice: Interaction With Melatonin and Epigenetic Pathways. Cancer Control 2019; 25:1073274818812908. [PMID: 30477310 PMCID: PMC6259078 DOI: 10.1177/1073274818812908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Lighting technology is rapidly advancing toward shorter wavelength illuminations
that offer energy-efficient properties. Along with this advantage, the increased
use of such illuminations also poses some health challenges, particularly breast
cancer progression. Here, we evaluated the effects of artificial light at night
(ALAN) of 4 different spectral compositions (500-595 nm) at 350 Lux on melatonin
suppression by measuring its urine metabolite 6-sulfatoxymelatonin, global DNA
methylation, tumor growth, metastases formation, and urinary corticosterone
levels in 4T1 breast cancer cell-inoculated female BALB/c mice. The results
revealed an inverse dose-dependent relationship between wavelength and melatonin
suppression. Short wavelength increased tumor growth, promoted lung metastases
formation, and advanced DNA hypomethylation, while long wavelength lessened
these effects. Melatonin treatment counteracted these effects and resulted in
reduced cancer burden. The wavelength suppression threshold for
melatonin-induced tumor growth was 500 nm. These results suggest that short
wavelength increases cancer burden by inducing aberrant DNA methylation mediated
by the suppression of melatonin. Additionally, melatonin suppression and global
DNA methylation are suggested as promising biomarkers for early diagnosis and
therapy of breast cancer. Finally, ALAN may manifest other physiological
responses such as stress responses that may challenge the survival fitness of
the animal under natural environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- A E Zubidat
- 1 The Israeli Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Chronobiology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - B Fares
- 2 Department of Human Biology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.,3 Department of Molecular Genetics, Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - F Fares
- 2 Department of Human Biology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.,3 Department of Molecular Genetics, Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - A Haim
- 1 The Israeli Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Chronobiology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
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Chen D, Yu J, Zhang Z, Su X, Li L, Li L. Controlling Preanalytical Process in High-Coverage Quantitative Metabolomics: Spot-Sample Collection for Mouse Urine and Fecal Metabolome Profiling. Anal Chem 2019; 91:4958-4963. [PMID: 30900868 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b00310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Deying Chen
- State Key Laboratory and Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Jiong Yu
- State Key Laboratory and Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Zhehua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory and Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Xiaoling Su
- State Key Laboratory and Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Liang Li
- State Key Laboratory and Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Lanjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory and Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
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48
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Agbaria S, Haim A, Fares F, Zubidat AE. Epigenetic modification in 4T1 mouse breast cancer model by artificial light at night and melatonin - the role of DNA-methyltransferase. Chronobiol Int 2019; 36:629-643. [PMID: 30746962 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2019.1574265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Currently, one of the most disputed hypotheses regarding breast cancer (BC) development is exposure to short wavelength artificial light at night (ALAN) as multiple studies suggest a possible link between them. This link is suggested to be mediated by nocturnal melatonin suppression that plays an integral role in circadian regulations including cell division. The objective of the research was to evaluate effects of 1 × 30 min/midnight ALAN (134 µ Wcm-2, 460 nm) with or without nocturnal melatonin supplement on tumor development and epigenetic responses in 4T1 tumor-bearing BALB/c mice. Mice were monitored for body mass (Wb) and tumor volume for 3 weeks and thereafter urine samples were collected at regular intervals for determining daily rhythms of 6-sulfatoxymelatonin (6-SMT). Finally, mice were sacrificed and the tumor, lungs, liver, and spleen were excised for analyzing the total activity of DNA methyltransferases (DNMT) and global DNA methylation (GDM) levels. Mice exposed to ALAN significantly reduced 6-SMT levels and increased Wb, tumor volume, and lung metastasis compared with controls. These effects were diminished by melatonin. The DNMT activity and GDM levels showed tissue-specific response. The enzymatic activity and GDM levels were lower in tumor and liver and higher in spleen and lungs under ALAN compared with controls. Our results suggest that ALAN disrupts the melatonin rhythm and potentially leading to increased BC burden by affecting DNMT activity and GDM levels. These data may also be applicable to early detection and management of BC by monitoring melatonin and GDM levels as early biomarker of ALAN circadian disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Agbaria
- a Department of Human Biology , University of Haifa , Haifa , Israel
| | - Abraham Haim
- b The Israeli Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Chronobiology , University of Haifa , Haifa , Israel
| | - Fuad Fares
- a Department of Human Biology , University of Haifa , Haifa , Israel.,c Department of Molecular Genetics , Carmel Medical Center , Haifa , Israel
| | - Abed E Zubidat
- b The Israeli Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Chronobiology , University of Haifa , Haifa , Israel
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Sagar PS, Zhang J, Luciuk M, Mannix C, Wong ATY, Rangan GK. Increased water intake reduces long-term renal and cardiovascular disease progression in experimental polycystic kidney disease. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0209186. [PMID: 30601830 PMCID: PMC6314616 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is the most common inherited cause of kidney failure and currently has limited treatment options. Increasing water intake reduces renal cyst growth in the pck rat (a genetic ortholog of autosomal recessive PKD) but it is not clear if this beneficial effect is present in other models of PKD. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that high water intake (HWI) reduces the progression of cystic renal disease in Lewis polycystic kidney (LPK) rats (a genetic ortholog of human nephronophthisis-9). Groups of female and male LPK (n = 8–10 per group) and Lewis (n = 4 per group) rats received water ad libitum supplemented with or without 5% glucose [to simulate HWI or normal water intake (NWI) respectively] from postnatal weeks 3 to 16. Water intake increased ~1.3-fold in the LPK+HWI group compared to LPK+NWI rats between weeks 3 to 10 but the differences were not significant at later timepoints. In LPK rats, HWI reduced the increases in the kidney to body weight ratio by 54% at week 10 and by 42% at week 16 compared to NWI (both p<0.01). The reduction in kidney enlargement was accompanied by decreases in the percentage renal cyst area, percentage renal interstitial collagen and proteinuria (all p<0.05). At week 16, HWI reduced systolic blood pressure and the heart to body to weight ratio by 16% and 21% respectively in males LPK rats (both p<0.01). In conclusion, a modest increase in water intake during the early phase of disease was sufficient to attenuate renal cystic disease in LPK rats, with secondary benefits on hypertension and cardiovascular disease. These data provide further preclinical evidence that increased water intake is a potential intervention in cystic renal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka S. Sagar
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Renal Medicine, Westmead Hospital, Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Jennifer Zhang
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Renal Medicine, Westmead Hospital, Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Magda Luciuk
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Renal Medicine, Westmead Hospital, Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Carly Mannix
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Renal Medicine, Westmead Hospital, Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Annette T. Y. Wong
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Renal Medicine, Westmead Hospital, Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Gopala K. Rangan
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Renal Medicine, Westmead Hospital, Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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50
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Iancu OD, Boutros SW, Olsen RHJ, Davis MJ, Stewart B, Eiwaz M, Marzulla T, Belknap J, Fallgren CM, Edmondson EF, Weil MM, Raber J. Space Radiation Alters Genotype-Phenotype Correlations in Fear Learning and Memory Tests. Front Genet 2018; 9:404. [PMID: 30356920 PMCID: PMC6190902 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Behavioral and cognitive traits have a genetic component even though contributions from individual genes and genomic loci are in many cases modest. Changes in the environment can alter genotype–phenotype relationships. Space travel, which includes exposure to ionizing radiation, constitutes environmental challenges and is expected to induce not only dramatic behavioral and cognitive changes but also has the potential to induce physical DNA damage. In this study, we utilized a genetically heterogeneous mouse model, dense genotype data, and shifting environmental challenges, including ionizing radiation exposure, to explore and quantify the size and stability of the genetic component of fear learning and memory-related measures. Exposure to ionizing radiation and other external stressors altered the genotype–phenotype correlations, although different behavioral and cognitive measures were affected to different extents. Utilizing an integrative genomic approach, we identified pathways and functional ontology categories associated with these behavioral and cognitive measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ovidiu Dan Iancu
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Sydney Weber Boutros
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Reid H J Olsen
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Matthew J Davis
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Blair Stewart
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Massarra Eiwaz
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Tessa Marzulla
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - John Belknap
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Christina M Fallgren
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Elijah F Edmondson
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Michael M Weil
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Jacob Raber
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States.,Departments of Neurology and Radiation Medicine, Division of Neuroscience, ONPRC, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
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