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Pinilla-González V, Montecinos-Barrientos B, Martin-Kommer C, Chichiarelli S, Saso L, Rodrigo R. Exploring antioxidant strategies in the pathogenesis of ALS. Open Life Sci 2024; 19:20220842. [PMID: 38585631 PMCID: PMC10997151 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2022-0842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The central nervous system is essential for maintaining homeostasis and controlling the body's physiological functions. However, its biochemical characteristics make it highly vulnerable to oxidative damage, which is a common factor in neurodegenerative diseases like amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). ALS is a leading cause of motor neuron disease, characterized by a rapidly progressing and incurable condition. ALS often results in death from respiratory failure within 3-5 years from the onset of the first symptoms, underscoring the urgent need to address this medical challenge. The aim of this study is to present available data supporting the role of oxidative stress in the mechanisms underlying ALS and to discuss potential antioxidant therapies currently in development. These therapies aim to improve the quality of life and life expectancy for patients affected by this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Pinilla-González
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago8380000, Chile
| | | | - Clemente Martin-Kommer
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago8380000, Chile
| | - Silvia Chichiarelli
- Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi-Fanelli”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185Rome, Italy
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “Vittorio Erspamer”, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicine, Sapienza University, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185Rome, Italy
| | - Ramón Rodrigo
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago8380000, Chile
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2
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Cheng H, Villahoz BF, Ponzio RD, Aschner M, Chen P. Signaling Pathways Involved in Manganese-Induced Neurotoxicity. Cells 2023; 12:2842. [PMID: 38132161 PMCID: PMC10742340 DOI: 10.3390/cells12242842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is an essential trace element, but insufficient or excessive bodily amounts can induce neurotoxicity. Mn can directly increase neuronal insulin and activate insulin-like growth factor (IGF) receptors. As an important cofactor, Mn regulates signaling pathways involved in various enzymes. The IGF signaling pathway plays a protective role in the neurotoxicity of Mn, reducing apoptosis in neurons and motor deficits by regulating its downstream protein kinase B (Akt), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). In recent years, some new mechanisms related to neuroinflammation have been shown to also play an important role in Mn-induced neurotoxicity. For example, DNA-sensing receptor cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cCAS) and its downstream signal efficient interferon gene stimulator (STING), NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3(NLRP3)-pro-caspase1, cleaves to the active form capase1 (CASP1), nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), sirtuin (SIRT), and Janus kinase (JAK) and signal transducers and activators of the transcription (STAT) signaling pathway. Moreover, autophagy, as an important downstream protein degradation pathway, determines the fate of neurons and is regulated by these upstream signals. Interestingly, the role of autophagy in Mn-induced neurotoxicity is bidirectional. This review summarizes the molecular signaling pathways of Mn-induced neurotoxicity, providing insight for further understanding of the mechanisms of Mn.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Pan Chen
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; (H.C.); (B.F.V.); (R.D.P.); (M.A.)
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3
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Oprisan AL, Popescu BO. Dysautonomia in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14927. [PMID: 37834374 PMCID: PMC10573406 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease, characterized in its typical presentation by a combination of lower and upper motor neuron symptoms, with a progressive course and fatal outcome. Due to increased recognition of the non-motor symptoms, it is currently considered a multisystem disorder with great heterogeneity, regarding genetical, clinical, and neuropathological features. Often underestimated, autonomic signs and symptoms have been described in patients with ALS, and various method analyses have been used to assess autonomic nervous system involvement. The aim of this paper is to offer a narrative literature review on autonomic disturbances in ALS, based on the scarce data available to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra L Oprisan
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Neurology, Colentina Clinical Hospital, 020125 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Bogdan Ovidiu Popescu
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Neurology, Colentina Clinical Hospital, 020125 Bucharest, Romania
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Neurosciences and Experimental Neurology, Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania
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4
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Tang X, Balachandran RC, Aschner M, Bowman AB. IGF/mTORC1/S6 Signaling Is Potentiated and Prolonged by Acute Loading of Subtoxicological Manganese Ion. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1229. [PMID: 37627294 PMCID: PMC10452562 DOI: 10.3390/biom13081229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factor (IGF)/insulin signaling (IIS) pathway is involved in cellular responses against intracellular divalent manganese ion (Mn2+) accumulation. As a pathway where multiple nodes utilize Mn2+ as a metallic co-factor, how the IIS signaling patterns are affected by Mn2+ overload is unresolved. In our prior studies, acute Mn2+ exposure potentiated IIS kinase activity upon physiological-level stimulation, indicated by elevated phosphorylation of protein kinase B (PKB, also known as AKT). AKT phosphorylation is associated with IIS activity; and provides direct signaling transduction input for the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) and its downstream target ribosomal protein S6 (S6). Here, to better define the impact of Mn2+ exposure on IIS function, Mn2+-induced IIS activation was evaluated with serial concentrations and temporal endpoints. In the wild-type murine striatal neuronal line STHdh, the acute treatment of Mn2+ with IGF induced a Mn2+ concentration-sensitive phosphorylation of S6 at Ser235/236 to as low as 5 μM extracellular Mn2+. This effect required both the essential amino acids and insulin receptor (IR)/IGF receptor (IGFR) signaling input. Similar to simultaneous stimulation of Mn2+ and IGF, when a steady-state elevation of Mn2+ was established via a 24-h pre-exposure, phosphorylation of S6 also displayed higher sensitivity to sub-cytotoxic Mn2+ when compared to AKT phosphorylation at Ser473. This indicates a synergistic effect of sub-cytotoxic Mn2+ on IIS and mTORC1 signaling. Furthermore, elevated intracellular Mn2+, with both durations, led to a prolonged activation in AKT and S6 upon stimulation. Our data demonstrate that the downstream regulator S6 is a highly sensitive target of elevated Mn2+ and is well below the established acute cytotoxicity thresholds (<50 μM). These findings indicate that the IIS/mTORC1 pathways, in which Mn2+ normally serves as an essential co-factor, are dually responsible for the cellular changes in exposures to real-world Mn2+ concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqi Tang
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (X.T.)
| | - Rekha C. Balachandran
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (X.T.)
- Exponent Inc., Alexandria, VA 22314, USA
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Aaron B. Bowman
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (X.T.)
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5
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Koski L, Berntsson E, Vikström M, Wärmländer SKTS, Roos PM. Metal ratios as possible biomarkers for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2023; 78:127163. [PMID: 37004478 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2023.127163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease with unknown aetiology. Metals have been suspected to contribute to ALS pathogenesis since mid-19th century, yet studies on measured metal concentrations in ALS patients have often yielded conflicting results, with large individual variation in measured values. Calculating metal concentration ratios can unveil possible synergistic effects of neurotoxic metals in ALS pathogenesis. The aim of this study was to investigate if ratios of different metal concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood plasma, respectively, differ between ALS patients and healthy controls. METHODS Cerebrospinal fluid and blood plasma were collected from 17 ALS patients and 10 controls. Samples were analysed for 22 metals by high-resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HR-ICP-MS), and all possible 231 metal ratios calculated in each body fluid. RESULTS Fifty-three metal ratios were significantly elevated in ALS cases as compared to controls (p < 0.05); five in blood plasma, and 48 in CSF. The finding of fewer elevated ratios in blood plasma may indicate specific transport of metals into the central nervous system. The elevated metal ratios in CSF include Cd/Se (p = 0.031), and 16 ratios with magnesium, such as Mn/Mg (p = 0.005) and Al/Mg (p = 0.014). CONCLUSION Metal ratios may be used as biomarkers in ALS diagnosis and as guidelines for preventive measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lassi Koski
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Elina Berntsson
- Chemistry Section, Arrhenius Laboratories, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Max Vikström
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Per M Roos
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Clinical Physiology, St. Göran Hospital University Unit, 112 81 Stockholm, Sweden
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Zhang X, Liu J, Wang H. The cGAS-STING-autophagy pathway: Novel perspectives in neurotoxicity induced by manganese exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 315:120412. [PMID: 36240967 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Chronic high-level heavy metal exposure increases the risk of developing different neurodegenerative diseases. Chronic excessive manganese (Mn) exposure is known to lead to neurodegenerative diseases. In addition, some evidence suggests that autophagy dysfunction plays an important role in the pathogenesis of various neurodegenerative diseases. Over the past decade, the DNA-sensing receptor cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) and its downstream signal-efficient interferon gene stimulator (STING), as well as the molecular composition and regulatory mechanisms of this pathway have been well understood. The cGAS-STING pathway has emerged as a crucial mechanism to induce effective innate immune responses by inducing type I interferons in mammalian cells. Moreover, recent studies have found that Mn2+ is the second activator of the cGAS-STING pathway besides dsDNA, and inducing autophagy is a primitive function for the activation of the cGAS-STING pathway. However, overactivation of the immune response can lead to tissue damage. This review discusses the mechanism of neurotoxicity induced by Mn exposure from the cGAS-STING-autophagy pathway. Future work exploiting the cGAS-STING-autophagy pathway may provide a novel perspective for manganese neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jingjing Liu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
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7
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Åström ME, Roos PM. Geochemistry of multiple sclerosis in Finland. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 841:156672. [PMID: 35705128 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) affects some 3 million people around the world and the prevalence is increasing. The MS incidence increases with distance from the equator forming a north-to-south gradient. The cause of this gradient and the cause of MS in general are largely unknown. Sulphide-bearing marine and lake sediments, when exposed to oxygen after drainage, form sulphuric acid resulting in the development of acid sulphate soils. From these soils major neurotoxic metals such as iron, aluminum and manganese and trace metals such as nickel, copper and cadmium are released into the surrounding environment. As these soils are largely used for farming, obvious routes to human metal exposure exist. Here we compare the distribution of acid sulphate soils in Finland to the geographic localisation of MS cases using data from a national acid sulphate soil mapping project and historical MS distribution data. Finland has among the highest MS prevalences in the world and several independent nationwide surveys have shown the highest prevalence in western Finland, stable over time. Acid sulphate soil distribution colocalizes with MS, both on a regional (nationwide) scale and local (proximity to rivers) scale. A toxicokinetic LADME model for MS pathogenesis is presented. We propose that neurotoxic metals leaching from acid sulphate soils contribute to the clustering of MS in Finland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mats E Åström
- Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Per M Roos
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Clinical Physiology, St.Göran Hospital, 112 81 Stockholm, Sweden.
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8
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Chen P, Cheng H, Zheng F, Li S, Bornhorst J, Yang B, Lee KH, Ke T, Li Y, Schwerdtle T, Yang X, Bowman AB, Aschner M. BTBD9 attenuates manganese-induced oxidative stress and neurotoxicity by regulating insulin growth factor signaling pathway. Hum Mol Genet 2022; 31:2207-2222. [PMID: 35134179 PMCID: PMC9262395 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddac025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is an essential mineral, but excess exposure can cause dopaminergic neurotoxicity. Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a common neurological disorder, but the etiology and pathology remain largely unknown. The purpose of this study was to identify the role of Mn in the regulation of an RLS genetic risk factor BTBD9, characterize the function of BTBD9 in Mn-induced oxidative stress and dopaminergic neuronal dysfunction. We found that human subjects with high blood Mn levels were associated with decreased BTBD9 mRNA levels, when compared with subjects with low blood Mn levels. In A549 cells, Mn exposure decreased BTBD9 protein levels. In Caenorhabditis elegans, loss of hpo-9 (BTBD9 homolog) resulted in more susceptibility to Mn-induced oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, as well as decreased dopamine levels and alternations of dopaminergic neuronal morphology and behavior. Overexpression of hpo-9 in mutant animals restored these defects and the protection was eliminated by mutation of the forkhead box O (FOXO). In addition, expression of hpo-9 upregulated FOXO protein levels and decreased protein kinase B levels. These results suggest that elevated Mn exposure might be an environmental risk factor for RLS. Furthermore, BTBD9 functions to alleviate Mn-induced oxidative stress and neurotoxicity via regulation of insulin/insulin-like growth factor signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Chen
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Hong Cheng
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 53021, China
| | - Fuli Zheng
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Shaojun Li
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 53021, China
| | - Julia Bornhorst
- Food Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal 42119, Germany
| | - Bobo Yang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Kun He Lee
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Tao Ke
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Yunhui Li
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, China
| | - Tanja Schwerdtle
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal 14558, Germany
- TraceAge—DFG Research Group on Interactions of Essential Trace Elements in Healthy and Diseased Elderly (FOR 2558), Berlin-Potsdam-Jena 14558, Germany
| | - Xiaobo Yang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 53021, China
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou 545026, China
| | - Aaron B Bowman
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
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9
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Re DB, Yan B, Calderón-Garcidueñas L, Andrew AS, Tischbein M, Stommel EW. A perspective on persistent toxicants in veterans and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: identifying exposures determining higher ALS risk. J Neurol 2022; 269:2359-2377. [PMID: 34973105 PMCID: PMC9021134 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-021-10928-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Multiple studies indicate that United States veterans have an increased risk of developing amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) compared to civilians. However, the responsible etiological factors are unknown. In the general population, specific occupational (e.g. truck drivers, airline pilots) and environmental exposures (e.g. metals, pesticides) are associated with an increased ALS risk. As such, the increased prevalence of ALS in veterans strongly suggests that there are exposures experienced by military personnel that are disproportionate to civilians. During service, veterans may encounter numerous neurotoxic exposures (e.g. burn pits, engine exhaust, firing ranges). So far, however, there is a paucity of studies investigating environmental factors contributing to ALS in veterans and even fewer assessing their exposure using biomarkers. Herein, we discuss ALS pathogenesis in relation to a series of persistent neurotoxicants (often emitted as mixtures) including: chemical elements, nanoparticles and lipophilic toxicants such as dioxins, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polychlorinated biphenyls. We propose these toxicants should be directly measured in veteran central nervous system tissue, where they may have accumulated for decades. Specific toxicants (or mixtures thereof) may accelerate ALS development following a multistep hypothesis or act synergistically with other service-linked exposures (e.g. head trauma/concussions). Such possibilities could explain the lower age of onset observed in veterans compared to civilians. Identifying high-risk exposures within vulnerable populations is key to understanding ALS etiopathogenesis and is urgently needed to act upon modifiable risk factors for military personnel who deserve enhanced protection during their years of service, not only for their short-term, but also long-term health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane B Re
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Disease, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Beizhan Yan
- Department of Geochemistry, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, NY, USA
| | - Lilian Calderón-Garcidueñas
- Department Biomedical Sciences, College of Health, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
- Universidad del Valle de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Angeline S Andrew
- Department of Neurology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Maeve Tischbein
- Department of Neurology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Elijah W Stommel
- Department of Neurology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA.
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10
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Kim H, Harrison FE, Aschner M, Bowman AB. Exposing the role of metals in neurological disorders: a focus on manganese. Trends Mol Med 2022; 28:555-568. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2022.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Rahman MM, Islam MR, Islam MT, Harun-Or-Rashid M, Islam M, Abdullah S, Uddin MB, Das S, Rahaman MS, Ahmed M, Alhumaydhi FA, Emran TB, Mohamed AAR, Faruque MRI, Khandaker MU, Mostafa-Hedeab G. Stem Cell Transplantation Therapy and Neurological Disorders: Current Status and Future Perspectives. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:147. [PMID: 35053145 PMCID: PMC8772847 DOI: 10.3390/biology11010147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are a global health issue with inadequate therapeutic options and an inability to restore the damaged nervous system. With advances in technology, health scientists continue to identify new approaches to the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Lost or injured neurons and glial cells can lead to the development of several neurological diseases, including Parkinson's disease, stroke, and multiple sclerosis. In recent years, neurons and glial cells have successfully been generated from stem cells in the laboratory utilizing cell culture technologies, fueling efforts to develop stem cell-based transplantation therapies for human patients. When a stem cell divides, each new cell has the potential to either remain a stem cell or differentiate into a germ cell with specialized characteristics, such as muscle cells, red blood cells, or brain cells. Although several obstacles remain before stem cells can be used for clinical applications, including some potential disadvantages that must be overcome, this cellular development represents a potential pathway through which patients may eventually achieve the ability to live more normal lives. In this review, we summarize the stem cell-based therapies that have been explored for various neurological disorders, discuss the potential advantages and drawbacks of these therapies, and examine future directions for this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mominur Rahman
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh; (M.M.R.); (M.R.I.); (M.T.I.); (M.H.-O.-R.); (M.I.); (M.B.U.); (S.D.); (M.S.R.); (M.A.)
| | - Mohammad Rezaul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh; (M.M.R.); (M.R.I.); (M.T.I.); (M.H.-O.-R.); (M.I.); (M.B.U.); (S.D.); (M.S.R.); (M.A.)
| | - Mohammad Touhidul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh; (M.M.R.); (M.R.I.); (M.T.I.); (M.H.-O.-R.); (M.I.); (M.B.U.); (S.D.); (M.S.R.); (M.A.)
| | - Mohammad Harun-Or-Rashid
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh; (M.M.R.); (M.R.I.); (M.T.I.); (M.H.-O.-R.); (M.I.); (M.B.U.); (S.D.); (M.S.R.); (M.A.)
| | - Mahfuzul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh; (M.M.R.); (M.R.I.); (M.T.I.); (M.H.-O.-R.); (M.I.); (M.B.U.); (S.D.); (M.S.R.); (M.A.)
| | - Sabirin Abdullah
- Space Science Center, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Mohammad Borhan Uddin
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh; (M.M.R.); (M.R.I.); (M.T.I.); (M.H.-O.-R.); (M.I.); (M.B.U.); (S.D.); (M.S.R.); (M.A.)
| | - Sumit Das
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh; (M.M.R.); (M.R.I.); (M.T.I.); (M.H.-O.-R.); (M.I.); (M.B.U.); (S.D.); (M.S.R.); (M.A.)
| | - Mohammad Saidur Rahaman
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh; (M.M.R.); (M.R.I.); (M.T.I.); (M.H.-O.-R.); (M.I.); (M.B.U.); (S.D.); (M.S.R.); (M.A.)
| | - Muniruddin Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh; (M.M.R.); (M.R.I.); (M.T.I.); (M.H.-O.-R.); (M.I.); (M.B.U.); (S.D.); (M.S.R.); (M.A.)
| | - Fahad A. Alhumaydhi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 52571, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong 4381, Bangladesh
| | | | | | - Mayeen Uddin Khandaker
- Centre for Applied Physics and Radiation Technologies, School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Gomaa Mostafa-Hedeab
- Pharmacology Department & Health Sciences Research Unit, Medical College, Jouf University, Sakaka 72446, Saudi Arabia;
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62521, Egypt
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12
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Koski L, Ronnevi C, Berntsson E, Wärmländer SKTS, Roos PM. Metals in ALS TDP-43 Pathology. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12193. [PMID: 34830074 PMCID: PMC8622279 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and similar neurodegenerative disorders take their toll on patients, caregivers and society. A common denominator for these disorders is the accumulation of aggregated proteins in nerve cells, yet the triggers for these aggregation processes are currently unknown. In ALS, protein aggregation has been described for the SOD1, C9orf72, FUS and TDP-43 proteins. The latter is a nuclear protein normally binding to both DNA and RNA, contributing to gene expression and mRNA life cycle regulation. TDP-43 seems to have a specific role in ALS pathogenesis, and ubiquitinated and hyperphosphorylated cytoplasmic inclusions of aggregated TDP-43 are present in nerve cells in almost all sporadic ALS cases. ALS pathology appears to include metal imbalances, and environmental metal exposure is a known risk factor in ALS. However, studies on metal-to-TDP-43 interactions are scarce, even though this protein seems to have the capacity to bind to metals. This review discusses the possible role of metals in TDP-43 aggregation, with respect to ALS pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lassi Koski
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | | | - Elina Berntsson
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden;
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, 12616 Tallinn, Estonia
| | | | - Per M. Roos
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden;
- Capio St. Göran Hospital, 112 19 Stockholm, Sweden;
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13
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Roos E, Wärmländer SKTS, Meyer J, Sholts SB, Jarvet J, Gräslund A, Roos PM. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis After Exposure to Manganese from Traditional Medicine Procedures in Kenya. Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:3618-3624. [PMID: 33230634 PMCID: PMC8360856 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02501-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease characterized by motor neuron loss and widespread muscular atrophy. Despite intensive investigations on genetic and environmental factors, the cause of ALS remains unknown. Recent data suggest a role for metal exposures in ALS causation. In this study we present a patient who developed ALS after a traditional medical procedure in Kenya. The procedure involved insertion of a black metal powder into several subcutaneous cuts in the lower back. Four months later, general muscle weakness developed. Clinical and electrophysiological examinations detected widespread denervation consistent with ALS. The patient died from respiratory failure less than a year after the procedure. Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analyses identified the black powder as potassium permanganate (KMnO4). A causative relationship between the systemic exposure to KMnO4 and ALS development can be suspected, especially as manganese is a well-known neurotoxicant previously found to be elevated in cerebrospinal fluid from ALS patients. Manganese neurotoxicity and exposure routes conveying this toxicity deserve further attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elin Roos
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Sebastian K T S Wärmländer
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
- UCLA/Getty Conservation Programme, Cotsen Institute of Archaeology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Jeremy Meyer
- Unit for Surgical Research, Medical School of Geneva, University of Geneva, 120511, 14, Genève, Switzerland
| | - Sabrina B Sholts
- Department of Anthropology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, 370 12, Washington D.C, USA
| | - Jüri Jarvet
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
- The National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, 12618, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Astrid Gräslund
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per M Roos
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Physiology, St. Goran Hospital, 112 81, Stockholm, Sweden
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14
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Michalke B, Berthele A, Venkataramani V. Simultaneous Quantification and Speciation of Trace Metals in Paired Serum and CSF Samples by Size Exclusion Chromatography-Inductively Coupled Plasma-Dynamic Reaction Cell-Mass Spectrometry (SEC-DRC-ICP-MS). Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168892. [PMID: 34445607 PMCID: PMC8396360 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transition metals play a crucial role in brain metabolism: since they exist in different oxidation states they are involved in ROS generation, but they are also co-factors of enzymes in cellular energy metabolism or oxidative defense. METHODS Paired serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples were analyzed for iron, zinc, copper and manganese as well as for speciation using SEC-ICP-DRC-MS. Brain extracts from Mn-exposed rats were additionally analyzed with SEC-ICP-DRC-MS. RESULTS The concentration patterns of transition metal size fractions were correlated between serum and CSF: Total element concentrations were significantly lower in CSF. Fe-ferritin was decreased in CSF whereas a LMW Fe fraction was relatively increased. The 400-600 kDa Zn fraction and the Cu-ceruloplasmin fraction were decreased in CSF, by contrast the 40-80 kDa fraction, containing Cu- and Zn-albumin, relatively increased. For manganese, the α-2-macroglobulin fraction showed significantly lower concentration in CSF, whereas the citrate Mn fraction was enriched. Results from the rat brain extracts supported the findings from human paired serum and CSF samples. CONCLUSIONS Transition metals are strictly controlled at neural barriers (NB) of neurologic healthy patients. High molecular weight species are down-concentrated along NB, however, the Mn-citrate fraction seems to be less controlled, which may be problematic under environmental load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Michalke
- Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Helmholtz Center Munich—German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-8931874206
| | - Achim Berthele
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Klinikum rechts der Isar, 81675 Munich, Germany;
| | - Vivek Venkataramani
- Department of Medicine II, Hematology/Oncology, University Hospital Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany;
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG), 37075 Göttingen, Germany
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Violi F, Solovyev N, Vinceti M, Mandrioli J, Lucio M, Michalke B. The study of levels from redox-active elements in cerebrospinal fluid of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients carrying disease-related gene mutations shows potential copper dyshomeostasis. Metallomics 2021; 12:668-681. [PMID: 32373852 DOI: 10.1039/d0mt00051e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by a loss of function of motor neurons. The etiology of this disorder is still largely unknown. Gene-environment interaction arises as a possible key factor in the development of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. We assessed the levels of trace metals, copper (Cu), iron (Fe), and manganese (Mn), of 9 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis cases and 40 controls by measuring their content in cerebrospinal fluid. The following trace element species were quantified using ion chromatography-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry: univalent copper (Cu-I), divalent Cu (Cu-II), divalent Fe (Fe-II), trivalent Fe (Fe-III), divalent Mn (Mn-II), trivalent Mn (Mn-III), and also unidentified Mn species (Mn-unknown) were present in some samples. When computing the relative risks for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis through an unconditional logistic regression model, we observed a weak and imprecise positive association for iron (Fe III, adjusted odds ratio 1.48, 95% CI 0.46-4.76) and manganese (total-Mn and Mn-II; adjusted odds ratio 1.11, 95% CI 0.74-1.67, and 1.13, 95% CI 0.79-1.61, respectively). Increased risk for copper was found both in the crude analysis (odds ratio 1.14, 95% CI 0.99-1.31) and in multivariable analysis after adjusting for sex, age, and year of storage (1.09, 95% CI 0.90-1.32). Our results suggest a possible positive association between Cu and genetic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, while they give little indication of involvement of Fe and Mn in disease, though some correlations found also for these elements deserve further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Violi
- CREAGEN Research Center of Environmental, Genetic and Nutritional Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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Tinkov AA, Paoliello MMB, Mazilina AN, Skalny AV, Martins AC, Voskresenskaya ON, Aaseth J, Santamaria A, Notova SV, Tsatsakis A, Lee E, Bowman AB, Aschner M. Molecular Targets of Manganese-Induced Neurotoxicity: A Five-Year Update. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4646. [PMID: 33925013 PMCID: PMC8124173 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding of the immediate mechanisms of Mn-induced neurotoxicity is rapidly evolving. We seek to provide a summary of recent findings in the field, with an emphasis to clarify existing gaps and future research directions. We provide, here, a brief review of pertinent discoveries related to Mn-induced neurotoxicity research from the last five years. Significant progress was achieved in understanding the role of Mn transporters, such as SLC39A14, SLC39A8, and SLC30A10, in the regulation of systemic and brain manganese handling. Genetic analysis identified multiple metabolic pathways that could be considered as Mn neurotoxicity targets, including oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, apoptosis, neuroinflammation, cell signaling pathways, and interference with neurotransmitter metabolism, to name a few. Recent findings have also demonstrated the impact of Mn exposure on transcriptional regulation of these pathways. There is a significant role of autophagy as a protective mechanism against cytotoxic Mn neurotoxicity, yet also a role for Mn to induce autophagic flux itself and autophagic dysfunction under conditions of decreased Mn bioavailability. This ambivalent role may be at the crossroad of mitochondrial dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and apoptosis. Yet very recent evidence suggests Mn can have toxic impacts below the no observed adverse effect of Mn-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. The impact of Mn exposure on supramolecular complexes SNARE and NLRP3 inflammasome greatly contributes to Mn-induced synaptic dysfunction and neuroinflammation, respectively. The aforementioned effects might be at least partially mediated by the impact of Mn on α-synuclein accumulation. In addition to Mn-induced synaptic dysfunction, impaired neurotransmission is shown to be mediated by the effects of Mn on neurotransmitter systems and their complex interplay. Although multiple novel mechanisms have been highlighted, additional studies are required to identify the critical targets of Mn-induced neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey A. Tinkov
- Laboratory of Ecobiomonitoring and Quality Control, Yaroslavl State University, 150003 Yaroslavl, Russia;
- Laboratory of Molecular Dietetics, Department of Neurological Diseases and Neurosurgery, Department of Analytical and Forensic Toxicology, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119435 Moscow, Russia; (O.N.V.); (J.A.); (A.T.)
| | - Monica M. B. Paoliello
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; (M.M.B.P.); (A.C.M.)
- Graduate Program in Public Health, Center of Health Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR 86038-350, Brazil
| | - Aksana N. Mazilina
- Department of Medical Elementology, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Anatoly V. Skalny
- World-Class Research Center “Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare”, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119435 Moscow, Russia;
- Laboratory of Medical Elementology, KG Razumovsky Moscow State University of Technologies and Management, 109004 Moscow, Russia
| | - Airton C. Martins
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; (M.M.B.P.); (A.C.M.)
| | - Olga N. Voskresenskaya
- Laboratory of Molecular Dietetics, Department of Neurological Diseases and Neurosurgery, Department of Analytical and Forensic Toxicology, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119435 Moscow, Russia; (O.N.V.); (J.A.); (A.T.)
| | - Jan Aaseth
- Laboratory of Molecular Dietetics, Department of Neurological Diseases and Neurosurgery, Department of Analytical and Forensic Toxicology, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119435 Moscow, Russia; (O.N.V.); (J.A.); (A.T.)
- Research Department, Innlandet Hospital Trust, P.O. Box 104, 2381 Brumunddal, Norway
| | - Abel Santamaria
- Laboratorio de Aminoácidos Excitadores, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, SSA, Mexico City 14269, Mexico;
| | - Svetlana V. Notova
- Institute of Bioelementology, Orenburg State University, 460018 Orenburg, Russia;
- Federal Research Centre of Biological Systems and Agro-technologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 460000 Orenburg, Russia
| | - Aristides Tsatsakis
- Laboratory of Molecular Dietetics, Department of Neurological Diseases and Neurosurgery, Department of Analytical and Forensic Toxicology, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119435 Moscow, Russia; (O.N.V.); (J.A.); (A.T.)
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, Voutes, 700 13 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Eunsook Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA;
| | - Aaron B. Bowman
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA;
| | - Michael Aschner
- Laboratory of Molecular Dietetics, Department of Neurological Diseases and Neurosurgery, Department of Analytical and Forensic Toxicology, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119435 Moscow, Russia; (O.N.V.); (J.A.); (A.T.)
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; (M.M.B.P.); (A.C.M.)
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Kulkarni N, Gadde R, Gugnani KS, Vu N, Yoo C, Zaveri R, Betharia S. Neuroprotective effects of disubstituted dithiolethione ACDT against manganese-induced toxicity in SH-SY5Y cells. Neurochem Int 2021; 147:105052. [PMID: 33905764 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Dithiolethiones are lipophilic, organosulfur compounds that activate the Nrf2 transcription factor causing an upregulation of various phase II antioxidant enzymes. A disubstituted dithiolethione 5-amino-3-thioxo-3H-(1,2) dithiole-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (ACDT) retains the functional pharmacophore while also containing modifiable functional groups. Neuroprotection against autoimmune encephalomyelitis in vivo and 6-hydroxy dopamine (a model for Parkinson's disease) in vitro have been previously reported with ACDT. Manganese (Mn) is a metal essential for metabolic processes at low concentrations. Overexposure and accumulation of Mn leads to a neurological condition called manganism which shares pathophysiological sequelae with parkinsonism. Here we hypothesized ACDT to be protective against manganese-induced cytotoxicity. SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells exposed to 300 μM MnCl2 displayed approximately 50% cell death, and a 24-h pretreatment with 75 μM ACDT significantly reversed this cytotoxicity. ACDT pretreatment was also found to increase total GSH levels (2.18-fold) and the protein levels of NADPH:quinone oxidoreductase-1 (NQO1) enzyme (6.33-fold), indicating an overall increase in the cells' antioxidant defense stores. A corresponding 2.32-fold reduction in the level of Mn-induced reactive oxygen species was also observed in cells pretreated with ACDT. While no changes were observed in the protein levels of apoptotic markers Bax and Bcl-2, pretreatment with 75 μM ACDT led to a 2.09-fold downregulation of ZIP14 import transporter, indicating a potential reduction in the cellular uptake of Mn as an additional neuroprotective mechanism. These effects did not extend to other transporters like the divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1) or ferroportin. Collectively, ACDT showed substantial neuroprotection against Mn-induced cytotoxicity, opening a path for dithiolethiones as a potential novel therapeutic option against heavy metal neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Kulkarni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MCPHS University, School of Pharmacy, 179 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Rajitha Gadde
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MCPHS University, School of Pharmacy, 179 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Kuljeet S Gugnani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MCPHS University, School of Pharmacy, 179 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Nguyen Vu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MCPHS University, School of Pharmacy, 179 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Claude Yoo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MCPHS University, School of Pharmacy, 179 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Rohan Zaveri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MCPHS University, School of Pharmacy, 179 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Swati Betharia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MCPHS University, School of Pharmacy, 179 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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Nakagawa Y, Yamada S. A novel hypothesis on metal dyshomeostasis and mitochondrial dysfunction in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Potential pathogenetic mechanism and therapeutic implications. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 892:173737. [PMID: 33220280 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor dysfunctions resulting from the loss of upper (UMNs) and lower (LMNs) motor neurons. While ALS symptoms are coincidental with pathological changes in LMNs and UMNs, the causal relationship between the two is unclear. For example, research on the extra-motor symptoms associated with this condition suggests that an imbalance of metals, including copper, zinc, iron, and manganese, is initially induced in the sensory ganglia due to a malfunction of metal binding proteins and transporters. It is proposed that the resultant metal dyshomeostasis may promote mitochondrial dysfunction in the satellite glial cells of these sensory ganglia, causing sensory neuron disturbances and sensory symptoms. Sensory neuron hyperactivation can result in LMN impairments, while metal dyshomeostasis in spinal cord and brain stem parenchyma induces mitochondrial dysfunction in LMNs and UMNs. These events could prompt intracellular calcium dyshomeostasis, pathological TDP-43 formation, and reactive microglia with neuroinflammation, which in turn activate the apoptosis signaling pathways within the LMNs and UMNs. Our model suggests that the degeneration of LMNs and UMNs is incidental to the metal-induced changes in the spinal cord and brain stem. Over time psychiatric symptoms may appear as the metal dyshomeostasis and mitochondrial dysfunction affect other brain regions, including the reticular formation, hippocampus, and prefrontal cortex. It is proposed that metal dyshomeostasis in combination with mitochondrial dysfunction could be the underlying mechanism responsible for the initiation and progression of the pathological changes associated with both the motor and extra-motor symptoms of ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Nakagawa
- Center for Pharma-Food Research (CPFR), Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Integrative Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan.
| | - Shizuo Yamada
- Center for Pharma-Food Research (CPFR), Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Integrative Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
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Martins AC, Gubert P, Villas Boas GR, Paes MM, Santamaría A, Lee E, Tinkov AA, Bowman AB, Aschner M. Manganese-induced neurodegenerative diseases and possible therapeutic approaches. Expert Rev Neurother 2020; 20:1109-1121. [PMID: 32799578 PMCID: PMC7657997 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2020.1807330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and prion disease represent important public health concerns. Exposure to high levels of heavy metals such as manganese (Mn) may contribute to their development. AREAS COVERED In this critical review, we address the role of Mn in the etiology of neurodegenerative diseases and discuss emerging treatments of Mn overload, such as chelation therapy. In addition, we discuss natural and synthetic compounds under development as prospective therapeutics. Moreover, bioinformatic approaches to identify new potential targets and therapeutic substances to reverse the neurodegenerative diseases are discussed. EXPERT OPINION Here, the authors highlight the importance of better understanding the molecular mechanisms of toxicity associated with neurodegenerative diseases, and the role of Mn in these diseases. Additional emphasis should be directed to the discovery of new agents to treat Mn-induced diseases, since present day chelator therapies have limited bioavailability. Furthermore, the authors encourage the scientific community to develop research using libraries of compounds to screen those compounds that show efficacy in regulating brain Mn levels. In addition, bioinformatics may provide novel insight for pathways and clinical treatments associated with Mn-induced neurodegeneration, leading to a new direction in Mn toxicological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Airton C. Martins
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Priscila Gubert
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Immunopathology Keizo Asami, LIKA, Federal, University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Pure and Applied Chemistry, Federal University of Western of Bahia, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Gustavo R Villas Boas
- Research Group on Development of Pharmaceutical Products (P&DProFar), Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Western Bahia, Barreiras, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Marina Meirelles Paes
- Research Group on Development of Pharmaceutical Products (P&DProFar), Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Western Bahia, Barreiras, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Abel Santamaría
- Laboratorio de Aminoácidos Excitadores, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Mexico City 14269, Mexico
| | - Eunsook Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32301, USA
| | - Alexey A. Tinkov
- IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
- Yaroslavl State University, Yaroslavl, Russia
- Federal Research Centre of Biological Systems and Agro-Technologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Orenburg, Russia
| | - Aaron B Bowman
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2051, USA
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
- IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
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Patti F, Fiore M, Chisari CG, D'Amico E, Lo Fermo S, Toscano S, Copat C, Ferrante M, Zappia M. CSF neurotoxic metals/metalloids levels in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients: comparison between bulbar and spinal onset. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 188:109820. [PMID: 32615355 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disorder of the central nervous system (CNS) that causes progressive and irreversible damage in motor neurons. Different causal hypotheses include genetic, viral, traumatic and environmental mechanisms, such as exposure to heavy metals. The aim of this study was to compare metal/metalloid levels in cerebro-spinal fluid of ALS subtypes (spinal vs bulbar clinical onset). MATERIAL AND METHODS This observational study consecutively screened all ALS patients referring to the Neurology Clinic of the University of Catania (Italy). Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used to quantify magnesium (Mg), cuprum (Cu), selenium (Se), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), vanadium (V), zinc (Zn), alluminium (Al), arsenic (As), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd) and palladium (Pd) levels. RESULTS Thirty-seven patients were enrolled (62.2% females), median age of 65 years (IQR: 59-71 years). Thirty-one (83.8%) patients had a spinal onset and 6 (16.2%) a bulbar onset. Se and As levels were higher compared to the reference values (RV) both in spinal and bulbar onset, while Cu was higher than RV only in bulbar onset. Moreover, Cu (129.8 μg/L vs 29.8 μg/L), Fe (54.5 μg/L vs 33.3 μg/L), Mn (3.4 μg/L vs 1.8 μg/L), Zn (46.1 μg/L vs 35.7 μg/L), Al (12.2 μg/L vs 6.7 μg/L), Ni (2.80 μg/L vs 1.40 μg/L), and Pb (0.60 μg/L vs 0.30 μg/L) levels were higher in bulbar than in spinal onset, conversely As was slightly higher in spinal than in bulbar onset (1.40 μg/L vs 1.10 μg/L). Overall, Cu (129 μg/L vs 31 μg/L), Fe (92.2 μg/L vs 32.9 μg/L), Mn (3.35 μg/L vs 1.80 μg/L), Zn (56.5 μg/L vs 35.2 μg/L), Al (14.45 μg/L vs 6.70 μg/L), and Cd (0.40 μg/L vs 0.08 μg/L) levels were higher in patients with disease duration less than 19 months. CONCLUSION Our results supported the hypothesis that metals/metalloids with neurotoxic effects could be involved in the etiology of ALS, showing higher levels of Cu, Se and As. Relevant differences in Cu and Mn levels were found between bulbar and spinal onset patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Patti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", section of Neuroscience, University of Catania, 95123, Catania, Italy.
| | - Maria Fiore
- Environmental and Food Hygiene Laboratory (LIAA), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Clara G Chisari
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", section of Neuroscience, University of Catania, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Emanuele D'Amico
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", section of Neuroscience, University of Catania, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Salvatore Lo Fermo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", section of Neuroscience, University of Catania, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Simona Toscano
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", section of Neuroscience, University of Catania, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Chiara Copat
- Environmental and Food Hygiene Laboratory (LIAA), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Margherita Ferrante
- Environmental and Food Hygiene Laboratory (LIAA), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Mario Zappia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", section of Neuroscience, University of Catania, 95123, Catania, Italy
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21
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Localization of ZIP14 and ZIP8 in HIBCPP Cells. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10080534. [PMID: 32784388 PMCID: PMC7464652 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10080534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCB) is important in maintaining brain manganese (Mn) homeostasis. This barrier consists of a single layer of epithelial cells, connected by tight junctions, that restrict the passage of nutrients to only allow molecules to be carried through the membrane by a transporter. These epithelial cells are polarized with asymmetrical blood-facing and cerebrospinal fluid-facing sides. Here, we have established a polarized model of a human choroid plexus papilloma cell line, HIBCPP. For the first time, Mn importers ZIP14 and ZIP8 were identified in HIBCPP cells and were found to be enriched at the basolateral and apical sides of the cell monolayer, respectively. The localization of each ZIP protein adds to the understanding of Mn transport across the HIBCPP BCB model to help understand the mechanism of Mn homeostasis within the brain.
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22
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Roos PM. Ultraclean paired sampling for metal analysis in neurodegenerative disorders. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2019; 52:48-52. [PMID: 30732898 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2018.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The causes of neurodegenerative disorders are largely unknown. Environmental factors seem to contribute to neurodegeneration in genetically susceptible individuals. Increasing evidence point towards a key role for environmental exposure in the causation of neurodegenerative disorders and specifically for metal exposure. Alterations of metalloproteins seem to be a common motif in neurodegeneration and enough evidence has now accumulated to designate these disorders as metallopathies. Paired sampling refers to the simultaneous sampling of CSF and blood and by comparing metal concentrations between CSF and blood conclusions about exposure and barrier properties can be drawn. However previous reports on metal concentrations in body fluids in neurodegenerative disorders show a wide variation in results hampering firm conclusions on the role of metals in degeneration of nerve cells. Here we suggest some steps and measures to minimise this variation, most important sampling performed in a cleanroom with filtered air and the use of acid washed perfluoroalkoxy vials. By strict adherence to ultraclean paired sampling technique conclusive results concerning the role of metals in neurodegenerative disorders can be generated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Per M Roos
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Clinical Physiology, Capio St.Göran Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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23
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Schetinger MRC, Peres TV, Arantes LP, Carvalho F, Dressler V, Heidrich G, Bowman AB, Aschner M. Combined exposure to methylmercury and manganese during L1 larval stage causes motor dysfunction, cholinergic and monoaminergic up-regulation and oxidative stress in L4 Caenorhabditis elegans. Toxicology 2019; 411:154-162. [PMID: 30336192 PMCID: PMC6226008 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Humans are exposed simultaneously to a variety of neurotoxic agents, including manganese (Mn) and methylmercury (MeHg). Therefore, the study of combined exposures to toxicants is timely. This work aimed to study changes in cholinergic system focusing on acetylcholinesterase (ace-2), monoaminergic system focusing on vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT, cat-1) expression, to address changes in antioxidant enzymatic systems, namely, the expression of superoxide dismutase (sod-3 and sod-4) and catalase (ctl-3), as well as worm reproduction and locomotion. C. elegans in the L1 larval stage were exposed to Mn, MeHg or both. All analyses were done 24 h after the end of exposure, except for behavior and reproduction tests that were assessed in L4 larval stage worms. The values obtained for lethal dose 50% (LD50) were 17.78 mM for Mn and 30.63 μM for MeHg. It was observed that body bends, pharyngeal pumping and brood size decreased in worms exposed to metals when undergoing combined exposures. Relative mRNA content of ace-2, cat-1, sod-3, sod-4 and ctl-3 was increased at the highest concentration of the interaction (50 mM Mn + 50 μM MeHg). Cholinergic degeneration was observed in all groups co-exposed to both metals. Notably, combined exposure to metals was more toxic to the worms than when exposed to a single metal.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tanara V Peres
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, NY, USA
| | - Letícia P Arantes
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, CCNE, UFSM, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Fabiano Carvalho
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, CCNE, UFSM, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | | | | | - Aaron B Bowman
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, NY, USA
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24
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Povedano M, Saez M, Martínez-Matos JA, Barceló MA. Spatial Assessment of the Association between Long-Term Exposure to Environmental Factors and the Occurrence of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis in Catalonia, Spain: A Population-Based Nested Case-Control Study. Neuroepidemiology 2018; 51:33-49. [PMID: 29852480 DOI: 10.1159/000489664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is believed that an interaction between genetic and non-genetic factors may be involved in the development of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). With the exception of exposure to agricultural chemicals like pesticides, evidence of an association between environmental risk factors and ALS is inconsistent. Our objective here was to investigate the association between long-term exposure to environmental factors and the occurrence of ALS in Catalonia, Spain, and to provide evidence that spatial clusters of ALS related to these environmental factors exist. METHODS We carried out a nested case-control study constructed from a retrospective population-based cohort, covering the entire region. Environmental variables were the explanatory variables of interest. We controlled for both observed and unobserved confounders. RESULTS We have found some spatial clusters of ALS. The results from the multivariate model suggest that these clusters could be related to some of the environmental variables, in particular agricultural chemicals. In addition, in high-risk clusters, besides corresponding to agricultural areas, key road infrastructures with a high density of traffic are also located. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that some environmental factors, in particular those associated with exposure to pesticides and air pollutants as a result of urban traffic, could be associated with the occurrence of ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mònica Povedano
- Functional Motoneurona Unit (UFMNA), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marc Saez
- Research Group on Statistics, Econometrics and Health (GRECS), University of Girona, Girona, Spain.,CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan-Antonio Martínez-Matos
- Functional Motoneurona Unit (UFMNA), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Antònia Barceló
- Functional Motoneurona Unit (UFMNA), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Research Group on Statistics, Econometrics and Health (GRECS), University of Girona, Girona, Spain.,CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
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25
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Oggiano R, Solinas G, Forte G, Bocca B, Farace C, Pisano A, Sotgiu MA, Clemente S, Malaguarnera M, Fois AG, Pirina P, Montella A, Madeddu R. Trace elements in ALS patients and their relationships with clinical severity. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 197:457-466. [PMID: 29366958 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.01.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2017] [Revised: 01/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
An exploratory study of trace elements in ALS and their relationships with clinical severity was detected. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disorder that causes irreversible damage in humans, with the consequent loss of function of motoneurons (MNs), with a prognosis up to 5 years after diagnosis. Except to genetic rare cases it is not known the etiology of the disorder. Aim of our research is to investigate the possible role of heavy metals in the severity of the disease. In this study, by the use of plasma mass (ICP-MS), we have analyzed the content of essential and heavy metals such: Pb, Cd, Al, Hg, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Se, Mg, and Ca, in blood, urine and hair of ALS patients and controls; moreover we divided the patients in two groups for disease severity and analyzed the difference among the groups, in order to study a possible involvement of metals in the severity of the damage. Our results suggest a protective role of Selenium, involved in protective antioxidant mechanisms, and a risk factor in the case of presence of Lead in blood. The levels of the other metals are not easy to interpret, because these may be due to life style and for essential metals a consequence of the disease condition, not a cause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Oggiano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences - Histology, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Giuliana Solinas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences - Hygiene, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Giovanni Forte
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Beatrice Bocca
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristiano Farace
- Department of Biomedical Sciences - Histology, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Andrea Pisano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences - Histology, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | | | | | - Michele Malaguarnera
- Department of Medical and Pediatric Science, Research Centre "The Great Senescence", University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Alessandro Giuseppe Fois
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine - Institute of Respiratory Diseases, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Pietro Pirina
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine - Institute of Respiratory Diseases, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Andrea Montella
- Department of Biomedical Sciences- Human Anatomy, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Roberto Madeddu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences - Histology, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy; National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems, Rome, Italy.
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26
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Cicero CE, Mostile G, Vasta R, Rapisarda V, Signorelli SS, Ferrante M, Zappia M, Nicoletti A. Metals and neurodegenerative diseases. A systematic review. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 159:82-94. [PMID: 28777965 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.07.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative processes encompass a large variety of diseases with different pathological patterns and clinical presentation such as Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), Alzheimer Disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). Genetic mutations have a known causative role, but the majority of cases are likely to be probably caused by a complex gene-environment interaction. Exposure to metals has been hypothesized to increase oxidative stress in brain cells leading to cell death and neurodegeneration. Neurotoxicity of metals has been demonstrated by several in vitro and in vivo experimental studies and it is likely that each metal could be toxic through specific pathways. The possible pathogenic role of different metals has been supported by some epidemiological evidences coming from occupational and ecological studies. In order to assess the possible association between metals and neurodegenerative disorders, several case-control studies have also been carried out evaluating the metals concentration in different biological specimens such as blood/serum/plasma, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), nail and hair, often reporting conflicting results. This review provides an overview of our current knowledge on the possible association between metals and ALS, AD and PD as main neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calogero Edoardo Cicero
- Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G. F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giovanni Mostile
- Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G. F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Rosario Vasta
- Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G. F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Venerando Rapisarda
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Margherita Ferrante
- Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G. F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Mario Zappia
- Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G. F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Alessandra Nicoletti
- Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G. F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
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27
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Stamenković S, Pavićević A, Mojović M, Popović-Bijelić A, Selaković V, Andjus P, Bačić G. In vivo EPR pharmacokinetic evaluation of the redox status and the blood brain barrier permeability in the SOD1 G93A ALS rat model. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 108:258-269. [PMID: 28366802 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 03/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder affecting the motor pathways of the central nervous system. Although a number of pathophysiological mechanisms have been described in the disease, post mortem and animal model studies indicate blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption and elevated production of reactive oxygen species as major contributors to disease pathology. In this study, the BBB permeability and the brain tissue redox status of the SOD1G93A ALS rat model in the presymptomatic (preALS) and symptomatic (ALS) stages of the disease were investigated by in vivo EPR spectroscopy using three aminoxyl radicals with different cell membrane and BBB permeabilities, Tempol, 3-carbamoyl proxyl (3CP), and 3-carboxy proxyl (3CxP). Additionally, the redox status of the two brain regions previously implicated in disease pathology, brainstem and hippocampus, was investigated by spectrophotometric biochemical assays. The EPR results indicated that among the three spin probes, 3CP is the most suitable for reporting the intracellular redox status changes, as Tempol was reduced in vivo within minutes (t1/2 =2.0±0.5min), thus preventing reliable kinetic modeling, whereas 3CxP reduction kinetics gave divergent conclusions, most probably due to its membrane impermeability. It was observed that the reduction kinetics of 3CP in vivo, in the head of preALS and ALS SOD1G93A rats was altered compared to the controls. Pharmacokinetic modeling of 3CP reduction in vivo, revealed elevated tissue distribution and tissue reduction rate constants indicating an altered brain tissue redox status, and possibly BBB disruption in these animals. The preALS and ALS brain tissue homogenates also showed increased nitrilation, superoxide production, lipid peroxidation and manganese superoxide dismutase activity, and a decreased copper-zinc superoxide dismutase activity. The present study highlights in vivo EPR spectroscopy as a reliable tool for the investigation of changes in BBB permeability and for the unprecedented in vivo monitoring of the brain tissue redox status, as early markers of ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Stamenković
- University of Belgrade - Faculty of Biology, Center for Laser Microscopy, Studentski trg 3, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Pavićević
- University of Belgrade - Faculty of Physical Chemistry, EPR Laboratory, Studentski trg 12-16, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Miloš Mojović
- University of Belgrade - Faculty of Physical Chemistry, EPR Laboratory, Studentski trg 12-16, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ana Popović-Bijelić
- University of Belgrade - Faculty of Physical Chemistry, EPR Laboratory, Studentski trg 12-16, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vesna Selaković
- Institute for Medical Research, Military Medical Academy, Crnotravska 17, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Pavle Andjus
- University of Belgrade - Faculty of Biology, Center for Laser Microscopy, Studentski trg 3, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Goran Bačić
- University of Belgrade - Faculty of Physical Chemistry, EPR Laboratory, Studentski trg 12-16, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia
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28
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Abstract
ALS is a relentless neurodegenerative disease in which motor neurons are the susceptible neuronal population. Their death results in progressive paresis of voluntary and respiratory muscles. The unprecedented rate of discoveries over the last two decades have broadened our knowledge of genetic causes and helped delineate molecular pathways. Here we critically review ALS epidemiology, genetics, pathogenic mechanisms, available animal models, and iPS cell technologies with a focus on their translational therapeutic potential. Despite limited clinical success in treatments to date, the new discoveries detailed here offer new models for uncovering disease mechanisms as well as novel strategies for intervention.
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29
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Bryan MR, Bowman AB. Manganese and the Insulin-IGF Signaling Network in Huntington's Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Disorders. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2017; 18:113-142. [PMID: 28889265 PMCID: PMC6559248 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-60189-2_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disease resulting in motor impairment and death in patients. Recently, several studies have demonstrated insulin or insulin-like growth factor (IGF) treatment in models of HD, resulting in potent amelioration of HD phenotypes via modulation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways. Administration of IGF and insulin can rescue microtubule transport, metabolic function, and autophagy defects, resulting in clearance of Huntingtin (HTT) aggregates, restoration of mitochondrial function, amelioration of motor abnormalities, and enhanced survival. Manganese (Mn) is an essential metal to all biological systems but, in excess, can be toxic. Interestingly, several studies have revealed the insulin-mimetic effects of Mn-demonstrating Mn can activate several of the same metabolic kinases and increase peripheral and neuronal insulin and IGF-1 levels in rodent models. Separate studies have shown mouse and human striatal neuroprogenitor cell (NPC) models exhibit a deficit in cellular Mn uptake, indicative of a Mn deficiency. Furthermore, evidence from the literature reveals a striking overlap between cellular consequences of Mn deficiency (i.e., impaired function of Mn-dependent enzymes) and known HD endophenotypes including excitotoxicity, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, and decreased mitochondrial function. Here we review published evidence supporting a hypothesis that (1) the potent effect of IGF or insulin treatment on HD models, (2) the insulin-mimetic effects of Mn, and (3) the newly discovered Mn-dependent perturbations in HD may all be functionally related. Together, this review will present the intriguing possibility that intricate regulatory cross-talk exists between Mn biology and/or toxicology and the insulin/IGF signaling pathways which may be deeply connected to HD pathology and, perhaps, other neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) and other neuropathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miles R Bryan
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
| | - Aaron B Bowman
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Center in Molecular Toxicology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
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30
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Wallin C, Kulkarni YS, Abelein A, Jarvet J, Liao Q, Strodel B, Olsson L, Luo J, Abrahams JP, Sholts SB, Roos PM, Kamerlin SCL, Gräslund A, Wärmländer SKTS. Characterization of Mn(II) ion binding to the amyloid-β peptide in Alzheimer's disease. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2016; 38:183-193. [PMID: 27085215 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2016.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Growing evidence links neurodegenerative diseases to metal exposure. Aberrant metal ion concentrations have been noted in Alzheimer's disease (AD) brains, yet the role of metals in AD pathogenesis remains unresolved. A major factor in AD pathogenesis is considered to be aggregation of and amyloid formation by amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides. Previous studies have shown that Aβ displays specific binding to Cu(II) and Zn(II) ions, and such binding has been shown to modulate Aβ aggregation. Here, we use nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to show that Mn(II) ions also bind to the N-terminal part of the Aβ(1-40) peptide, with a weak binding affinity in the milli- to micromolar range. Circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, solid state atomic force microscopy (AFM), fluorescence spectroscopy, and molecular modeling suggest that the weak binding of Mn(II) to Aβ may not have a large effect on the peptide's aggregation into amyloid fibrils. However, identification of an additional metal ion displaying Aβ binding reveals more complex AD metal chemistry than has been previously considered in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Wallin
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 16C, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yashraj S Kulkarni
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Axel Abelein
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 16C, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), H1, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Novum Pl 5 14157 Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jüri Jarvet
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 16C, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden; The National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Qinghua Liao
- Institute of Complex Systems: Structural Biochemistry, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, 52425, Germany
| | - Birgit Strodel
- Institute of Complex Systems: Structural Biochemistry, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, 52425, Germany; Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Lisa Olsson
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 16C, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jinghui Luo
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 16C, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden; Chemical Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Jan Pieter Abrahams
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 70, 4056 Basel, Switzerland; Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institute, Department of Biology and Chemistry, OFLC/102CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Sabrina B Sholts
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 16C, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Anthropology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, 10th and Constitution Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20013, USA
| | - Per M Roos
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg 13, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Clinical Physiology, Capio St.Göran Hospital, St.Göransplan 1, 112 19 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Shina C L Kamerlin
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Astrid Gräslund
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 16C, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sebastian K T S Wärmländer
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 16C, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
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31
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Nicoletti A, Vasta R, Venti V, Mostile G, Lo Fermo S, Patti F, Scillieri R, De Cicco D, Volanti P, Marziolo R, Maimone D, Fiore M, Ferrante M, Zappia M. The epidemiology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in the Mount Etna region: a possible pathogenic role of volcanogenic metals. Eur J Neurol 2016; 23:964-72. [PMID: 26924209 DOI: 10.1111/ene.12973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Trace elements (TEs) may play a role in the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and volcanic degassing is the major natural source of TEs. Mount Etna, in the province of Catania, is the largest active volcano in Europe. Our aim was to assess the incidence of ALS in the province of Catania during 2005-2010 and its spatial distribution with respect to volcanic gas deposition. METHODS Cases from all neurological centres of the province of Catania and of the boundary provinces were retrospectively collected. Patients who had onset during 2005-2010 and fulfilled the El Escorial revised diagnostic criteria were included. The incidence of ALS was estimated for the entire province and separately for the population living on the eastern and western flank of Mount Etna, respectively, the most and least exposed areas to volcanogenic TEs, considered as a possible risk factor for ALS. RESULTS One hundred and twenty-six (57 men) ALS patients were enrolled. The mean annual crude incidence rate was 2.0/100 000 person-years (95% confidence interval 1.7-2.4). A higher incidence rate was found in the population living on the eastern flank compared to the western flank (2.4/100 000 and 0.9/100 000 respectively) with a relative risk of 2.75 (95% confidence interval 1.64-4.89; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The incidence of ALS in the province of Catania is close to those reported worldwide. The incidence was higher amongst the population living on the eastern flank of Mount Etna, which could be interpreted as a possible role of volcanogenic TEs. Further research on TEs and genetic factors is necessary to support this assumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Nicoletti
- Section of Neurosciences, Department GF Ingrassia, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - R Vasta
- Section of Neurosciences, Department GF Ingrassia, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - V Venti
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - G Mostile
- Section of Neurosciences, Department GF Ingrassia, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - S Lo Fermo
- Section of Neurosciences, Department GF Ingrassia, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - F Patti
- Section of Neurosciences, Department GF Ingrassia, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - R Scillieri
- Azienda Sanitaria Provinciale di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - D De Cicco
- Intensive Neurorehabilitation Unit, ALS Centre, IRCCS 'Salvatore Maugeri' Foundation, Mistretta, Italy
| | - P Volanti
- Intensive Neurorehabilitation Unit, ALS Centre, IRCCS 'Salvatore Maugeri' Foundation, Mistretta, Italy
| | - R Marziolo
- Neurology Unit, Cannizzaro Hospital, Catania, Italy
| | - D Maimone
- Department of Neurology, Garibaldi Hospital, Catania, Italy
| | - M Fiore
- Environmental and Food Hygiene Laboratory - LIAA, Department GF Ingrassia, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - M Ferrante
- Environmental and Food Hygiene Laboratory - LIAA, Department GF Ingrassia, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - M Zappia
- Section of Neurosciences, Department GF Ingrassia, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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32
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Aschner JL, Anderson A, Slaughter JC, Aschner M, Steele S, Beller A, Mouvery A, Furlong HM, Maitre NL. Neuroimaging identifies increased manganese deposition in infants receiving parenteral nutrition. Am J Clin Nutr 2015; 102:1482-9. [PMID: 26561627 PMCID: PMC4658463 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.115.116285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Manganese, an essential metal for normal growth and development, is neurotoxic on excessive exposure. Standard trace element-supplemented neonatal parenteral nutrition (PN) has a high manganese content and bypasses normal gastrointestinal absorptive control mechanisms, which places infants at risk of manganese neurotoxicity. Magnetic resonance (MR) relaxometry demonstrating short T1 relaxation time (T1R) in the basal ganglia reflects excessive brain manganese accumulation. OBJECTIVE This study tested the hypothesis that infants with greater parenteral manganese exposure have higher brain manganese accumulation, as measured by MR imaging, than do infants with lower parenteral manganese exposure. DESIGN Infants exposed to parenteral manganese were enrolled in a prospective cohort study. Infants classified as having high manganese exposure received >75% of their nutrition in the preceding 4 wk as PN. All others were classified as having low exposure. Daily parenteral and enteral manganese intakes were calculated. Whole-blood manganese was measured by high-resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Brain MR relaxometry was interpreted by a masked reviewer. Linear regression models, adjusted for gestational age (GA) at birth, estimated the association of relaxometry indexes with total and parenteral manganese exposures. RESULTS Seventy-three infants were enrolled. High-quality MR images were available for 58 infants, 39 with high and 19 with low manganese exposure. Four infants with a high exposure had blood manganese concentrations >30 μg/L. After controlling for GA, higher parenteral and total manganese intakes were associated with a lower T1R (P = 0.01) in the globus pallidus and putamen but were not associated with whole-blood manganese (range: 3.6-56.6 μg/L). Elevated conjugated bilirubin magnified the association between parenteral manganese and decreasing T1R. CONCLUSION A short T1R for GA identifies infants at risk of increased brain manganese deposition associated with PN solutions commonly used to nourish critically ill infants. These trials were registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00392977 and NCT00392730.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judy L Aschner
- Departments of Pediatrics, Center for Molecular Toxicology, and Vanderbilt Kennedy Center for Research on Human Development, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN; Departments of Pediatrics and Obstetrics and Gynecology and Woman's Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Montefiore Health and The Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Bronx, NY;
| | | | | | - Michael Aschner
- Center for Molecular Toxicology, and Vanderbilt Kennedy Center for Research on Human Development, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | | | | | | | - Heather M Furlong
- Department of Pediatrics, Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston-Salem, NC; and
| | - Nathalie L Maitre
- Departments of Pediatrics, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Center for Molecular Toxicology, and Vanderbilt Kennedy Center for Research on Human Development, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN; Department of Pediatrics and the Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH
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Frisbie SH, Mitchell EJ, Sarkar B. Urgent need to reevaluate the latest World Health Organization guidelines for toxic inorganic substances in drinking water. Environ Health 2015; 14:63. [PMID: 26268322 PMCID: PMC4535738 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-015-0050-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The World Health Organization (WHO) has established guidelines for drinking-water quality that cover biological and chemical hazards from both natural and anthropogenic sources. In the most recent edition of Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality (2011), the WHO withdrew, suspended, did not establish, or raised guidelines for the inorganic toxic substances manganese, molybdenum, nitrite, aluminum, boron, nickel, uranium, mercury, and selenium. In this paper, we review these changes to the WHO drinking-water guidelines, examining in detail the material presented in the WHO background documents for each of these toxic substances. In some cases, these WHO background documents use literature reviews that do not take into account scientific research published within the last 10 or more years. In addition, there are instances in which standard WHO practices for deriving guidelines are not used; for example, rounding and other mathematical errors are made. According to published meeting reports from the WHO Chemical Aspects Working Group, the WHO has a timetable for revising some of its guidelines for drinking-water quality, but for many of these toxic substances the planned changes are minimal or will be delayed for as long as 5 years. Given the limited nature of the planned WHO revisions to the inorganic toxic substances and the extended timetable for these revisions, we suggest that governments, researchers, and other stakeholders might establish independent recommendations for inorganic toxic substances and possibly other chemicals to proactively protect public health, or at the very least, revert to previous editions of the Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality, which were more protective of public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth H Frisbie
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Norwich University, Northfield, VT, USA.
| | - Erika J Mitchell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Norwich University, Northfield, VT, USA.
| | - Bibudhendra Sarkar
- Department of Molecular Structure and Function, The Research Institute of The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Blood lead, manganese, and aluminum levels in a regional Italian cohort of ALS patients: does aluminum have an influence? J Occup Environ Med 2015; 56:1062-6. [PMID: 25285828 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000000266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To study aluminum (Al), manganese (Mn), and lead (Pb) influence on amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) development. METHODS A total of 34 patients (10% of the regional ALS population) and 25 controls of an Italian region were enrolled. Metal concentrations were determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy. RESULTS Serum Al concentrations in patients and controls were similar and lower than those provided by the Italian Society of Reference Values. No differences were observed in serum Mn concentrations, while, as expected, blood Pb levels were significantly higher in patients with ALS than those in controls. CONCLUSIONS Results confirmed the association between high Pb blood levels and ALS; on the contrary, Al and Mn did not differ significantly in patients and controls, suggesting that Mn and especially Al may play a less important role in the ALS pathogenesis.
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Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is the most common motor neuron disease. It is typically fatal within 2-5 years of symptom onset. The incidence of ALS is largely uniform across most parts of the world, but an increasing ALS incidence during the last decades has been suggested. Although recent genetic studies have substantially improved our understanding of the causes of ALS, especially familial ALS, an important role of non-genetic factors in ALS is recognized and needs further study. In this review, we briefly discuss several major genetic contributors to ALS identified to date, followed by a more focused discussion on the most commonly examined non-genetic risk factors for ALS. We first review factors related to lifestyle choices, including smoking, intake of antioxidants, physical fitness, body mass index, and physical exercise, followed by factors related to occupational and environmental exposures, including electromagnetic fields, metals, pesticides, β-methylamino-L-alanine, and viral infection. Potential links between ALS and other medical conditions, including head trauma, metabolic diseases, cancer, and inflammatory diseases, are also discussed. Finally, we outline several future directions aiming to more efficiently examine the role of non-genetic risk factors in ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Ingre
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per M Roos
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Piehl
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Freya Kamel
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Fang Fang
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Bakthavatsalam S, Das Sharma S, Sonawane M, Thirumalai V, Datta A. A zebrafish model of manganism reveals reversible and treatable symptoms that are independent of neurotoxicity. Dis Model Mech 2014; 7:1239-51. [PMID: 25261567 PMCID: PMC4213728 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.016683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Manganese (manganese ion; referred to as Mn) is essential for neuronal function, yet it is toxic at high concentrations. Environmental and occupational exposure to high concentrations of Mn causes manganism, a well-defined movement disorder in humans, with symptoms resembling Parkinson's disease (PD). However, manganism is distinct from PD and the neural basis of its pathology is poorly understood. To address this issue, we generated a zebrafish model of manganism by incubating larvae in rearing medium containing Mn. We find that Mn-treated zebrafish larvae exhibit specific postural and locomotor defects. Larvae begin to float on their sides, show a curved spine and swim in circles. We discovered that treatment with Mn causes postural defects by interfering with mechanotransduction at the neuromasts. Furthermore, we find that the circling locomotion could be caused by long-duration bursting in the motor neurons, which can lead to long-duration tail bends in the Mn-treated larvae. Mn-treated larvae also exhibited fewer startle movements. Additionally, we show that the intensity of tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity is reversibly reduced after Mn-treatment. This led us to propose that reduced dopamine neuromodulation drives the changes in startle movements. To test this, when we supplied an external source of dopamine to Mn-treated larvae, the larvae exhibited a normal number of startle swims. Taken together, these results indicate that Mn interferes with neuronal function at the sensory, motor and modulatory levels, and open avenues for therapeutically targeted studies on the zebrafish model of manganism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subha Bakthavatsalam
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, 1 Homi Bhabha Road, Colaba, Mumbai-400005, India
| | - Shreya Das Sharma
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bellary Road, Bangalore-560065, India
| | - Mahendra Sonawane
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, 1 Homi Bhabha Road, Colaba, Mumbai-400005, India
| | - Vatsala Thirumalai
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bellary Road, Bangalore-560065, India.
| | - Ankona Datta
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, 1 Homi Bhabha Road, Colaba, Mumbai-400005, India.
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Pfaender S, Grabrucker AM. Characterization of biometal profiles in neurological disorders. Metallomics 2014; 6:960-77. [DOI: 10.1039/c4mt00008k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes the findings on dysregulation of metal ions in neurological diseases and tries to develop and predict specific biometal profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andreas M. Grabrucker
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology
- Ulm University
- Ulm, Germany
- WG Molecular Analysis of Synaptopathies
- Neurology Dept
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Roos PM, Vesterberg O, Syversen T, Flaten TP, Nordberg M. Metal concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid and blood plasma from patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Biol Trace Elem Res 2013; 151:159-70. [PMID: 23225075 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-012-9547-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2012] [Accepted: 11/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive and fatal degenerative disorder of motor neurons. The cause of this degeneration is unknown, and different causal hypotheses include genetic, viral, traumatic and environmental mechanisms. In this study, we have analyzed metal concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood plasma in a well-defined cohort (n = 17) of ALS patients diagnosed with quantitative electromyography. Metal analyses were performed with high-resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Statistically significant higher concentrations of manganese, aluminium, cadmium, cobalt, copper, zinc, lead, vanadium and uranium were found in ALS CSF compared to control CSF. We also report higher concentrations of these metals in ALS CSF than in ALS blood plasma, which indicate mechanisms of accumulation, e.g. inward directed transport. A pattern of multiple toxic metals is seen in ALS CSF. The results support the hypothesis that metals with neurotoxic effects are involved in the pathogenesis of ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Per M Roos
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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