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Cipollone MA, Fontana A, Fillería SG, Tironi VA. Characterization, Bioaccesibility and Antioxidant Activities of Phenolic Compounds Recovered from Yellow pea (Pisum sativum) Flour and Protein Isolate. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2024; 79:401-409. [PMID: 38602652 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-024-01172-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
This study focused on studying the bioaccesible phenolic compounds (PCs) from yellow pea flour (F) and protein isolate (I). Total phenolic contents (TPC), PCs composition and antioxidant activities were analysed in ethanol 60% extracts obtained by applying ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE, 15 min/40% amplitude). The preparation of I under alkaline conditions and the elimination of some soluble components at lower pH produced a change of PCs profile and antioxidant activity. After simulated gastrointestinal digestion (SGID) of both ingredients to obtain the digests FD and ID, notable changes in the PCs concentration and profiles could be demonstrated. FD presented a higher ORAC activity than ID (IC50 = 0.022 and 0.039 mg GAE/g dm, respectively), but lower ABTS•+ activity (IC50 = 0.8 and 0.3 mg GAE/g dm, respectively). After treatment with cholestyramine of extracts from FD and ID in order to eliminate bile salts and obtain the bioaccesible fractions FDb and IDb, ROS scavenging in H2O2-induced Caco2-TC7 cells was evaluated, registering a greater activity for ID respect to FD (IC50 = 0.042 and 0.017 mg GAE/mL, respectively). These activities could be attributed to the major bioaccesible PCs: OH-tyrosol, polydatin, trans-resveratrol, rutin, (-)-epicatechin and (-)-gallocatechin gallate for FD; syringic (the most concentrated) and ellagic acids, trans-resveratrol, and (-)-gallocatechin gallate for ID, but probably other compounds such as peptides or amino acids can also contribute.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Agustina Cipollone
- Laboratorio de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Proteínas Alimentarias (LIDiPA), Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos (CIDCA) - (CONICET, CICPBA, UNLP, La Plata, 1900, Argentina
| | - Ariel Fontana
- Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza (IBAM) (CONICET, FCA, UNCUYO), Almirante Brown 500, M5528AHB Chacras de Coria, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Susan García Fillería
- Laboratorio de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Proteínas Alimentarias (LIDiPA), Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos (CIDCA) - (CONICET, CICPBA, UNLP, La Plata, 1900, Argentina
| | - Valeria A Tironi
- Laboratorio de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Proteínas Alimentarias (LIDiPA), Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos (CIDCA) - (CONICET, CICPBA, UNLP, La Plata, 1900, Argentina.
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Ong CB, Annuar MSM. Potentialities of Tannase-Treated Green Tea Extract in Nutraceutical and Therapeutic Applications. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2024:10.1007/s12010-024-04946-y. [PMID: 38713339 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-024-04946-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Green tea has garnered widespread interest in the past decades due to its content of health-beneficial polyphenols and catechins, besides reportedly exhibiting activities for the prevention, and possibly treatment, of many modern-life-associated afflictions. Hence, the functional food potential of health-beneficial beverages such as green tea is widely and commercially promoted. Biotransformation of green tea extract using enzymes such as tannase ostensibly enhances its beneficial well-being properties and disease-preventing functionalities. The tannase-treated green tea catechins may exhibit enhanced, amongst others, antioxidant, anti-tumour, anti-wrinkle, anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity and anti-sarcopenia properties compared to native green tea extract. Nonetheless, the health benefits and therapeutic and toxicological effects associated with these compounds, before and after tannase treatment, present a scientific gap for detailed studies. Accordingly, the review surveys the literature from the late twentieth century until the year 2023 related to the aforementioned important aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong-Boon Ong
- School of Science and Psychology, Faculty of Arts and Science, International University of Malaya-Wales, 50480, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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3
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Evangelisti G, Ferrero S, Perrone U, Gustavino C, Volpi E, Izzotti A, Barra F. Experimental and new investigational drugs for the treatment of uterine fibroids. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2024; 33:497-508. [PMID: 38618931 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2024.2343786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Uterine fibroids, the most prevalent benign tumors among reproductive-age women, pose treatment challenges that range from surgical interventions to medical therapies for symptom control. Progestins and estroprogestins effectively manage uterine bleeding by suppressing dysfunctional endometrium over fibroids. While GnRH agonists represent a crucial milestone in symptom treatment, their prolonged use results in menopausal-like symptoms and irreversible bone mineral density loss. Advancements in understanding fibroid pathophysiology have prompted the exploration of new compounds to overcome current therapy limitations. AREAS COVERED This manuscript offers an updated overview of investigational drugs for symptomatic uterine fibroids. EXPERT OPINION Despite ulipristal acetate's well-established efficacy as a selective progesterone receptor modulator (SPRM) in fibroid treatment, its prescription has declined due to the rare but severe risk of liver damage. Oral GnRH antagonists, like elagolix, relugolix, and linzagolix, with their novel pharmacodynamic properties, are gaining traction in fibroid management, inducing a dose-dependent reduction in circulating sex hormone levels. Ongoing research on natural compounds, such as vitamin D and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), presents emerging options for treating uterine fibroids. This evolving landscape reflects the ongoing efforts to improve therapeutic outcomes for individuals with symptomatic uterine fibroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Evangelisti
- Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, San Paolo Hospital - ASL2, Savona, Italy
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DiNOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Simone Ferrero
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DiNOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Academic Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Umberto Perrone
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DiNOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Academic Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Claudio Gustavino
- Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Eugenio Volpi
- Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, San Paolo Hospital - ASL2, Savona, Italy
| | - Alberto Izzotti
- Unit of Mutagenesis and Cancer Prevention, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Fabio Barra
- Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, P.O. "Ospedale del Tigullio"- ASL4, Chiavari, Genoa, Italy
- Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
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Gamboa J, Lourenço P, Cruz C, Gallardo E. Aptamers for the Delivery of Plant-Based Compounds: A Review. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:541. [PMID: 38675202 PMCID: PMC11053555 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16040541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Natural compounds have a high potential for the treatment of various conditions, including infections, inflammatory diseases, and cancer. However, they usually present poor pharmacokinetics, low specificity, and even toxicity, which limits their use. Therefore, targeted drug delivery systems, typically composed of a carrier and a targeting ligand, can enhance natural product selectivity and effectiveness. Notably, aptamers-short RNA or single-stranded DNA molecules-have gained attention as promising ligands in targeted drug delivery since they are simple to synthesize and modify, and they present high tissue permeability, stability, and a wide array of available targets. The combination of natural products, namely plant-based compounds, with a drug delivery system utilizing aptamers as targeting agents represents an emerging strategy that has the potential to broaden its applications. This review discusses the potential of aptamers as targeting agents in the delivery of natural compounds, as well as new trends and developments in their utilization in the field of medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Gamboa
- Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior (CICS-UBI), Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (J.G.); (P.L.)
| | - Pedro Lourenço
- Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior (CICS-UBI), Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (J.G.); (P.L.)
| | - Carla Cruz
- Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior (CICS-UBI), Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (J.G.); (P.L.)
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade da Beira Interior, Rua Marquês de Ávila e Bolama, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Eugenia Gallardo
- Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior (CICS-UBI), Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (J.G.); (P.L.)
- Laboratório de Fármaco-Toxicologia, UBIMedical, Universidade da Beira Interior, EM506, 6200-000 Covilhã, Portugal
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Li J, Koonyosying P, Korsieporn W, Paradee N, Hutachok N, Xu H, Ma Y, Chuljerm H, Srichairatanakool S. Deferiprone-resveratrol hybrid attenuates iron accumulation, oxidative stress, and antioxidant defenses in iron-loaded human Huh7 hepatic cells. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 11:1364261. [PMID: 38572444 PMCID: PMC10987756 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1364261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic liver diseases are complications of thalassemia with iron overload. Iron chelators are required to remove excessive iron, and antioxidants are supplemented to diminish harmful reactive oxygen species (ROS), purposing to ameliorate oxidative liver damage and dysfunctions. The deferiprone-resveratrol hybrid (DFP-RVT) is a synthetic iron chelator possessing anti-β-amyloid peptide aggregation, anti-malarial activity, and hepatoprotection in plasmodium-infected mice. The study focuses on investigating the antioxidant, cytotoxicity, iron-chelating, anti-lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant defense properties of DFP-RVT in iron-loaded human hepatocellular carcinoma (Huh7) cells. In the findings, DFP-RVT dose dependently bound Fe(II) and Fe(III) and exerted stronger ABTS•- and DPPH•-scavenging (IC50 = 8.0 and 164 μM, respectively) and anti-RBC hemolytic activities (IC50 = 640 μM) than DFP but weaker than RVT (p < 0.01). DFP-RVT was neither toxic to Huh7 cells nor PBMCs. In addition, DFP-RVT diminished the level of redox-active iron (p < 0.01) and decreased the non-heme iron content (p < 0.01) in iron-loaded Huh7 cells effectively when compared without treatment in the order of DFP-RVT > RVT ∼ DFP treatments (50 µM each). Moreover, the compound decreased levels of hepatic ROS in a dose-dependent manner and the level of malondialdehyde, which was stronger than DFP but weaker than RVT. Furthermore, DFP-RVT restored the decrease in the GSH content and GPX and SOD activities (p < 0.01) in iron-loaded Huh7 cells in the dose-dependent manner, consistently in the order of RVT > DFP-RVT > DFP. Thus, the DFP-RVT hybrid possesses potent iron chelation, antioxidation, anti-lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant defense against oxidative liver damage under iron overload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Pimpisid Koonyosying
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Woranontee Korsieporn
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Narisara Paradee
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nuntouchaporn Hutachok
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Honghong Xu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Yongmin Ma
- School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
| | - Hataichanok Chuljerm
- School of Health Sciences Research, Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Yu Y, Zuo C, Li M, Tang Y, Li L, Wang F, Zhang S, Sun B. Novel l-Cysteine Incomplete Degradation Method for Preparation of Procyanidin B2-3'- O-Gallate and Exploration of its in Vitro Anti-inflammatory Activity and in Vivo Tissue Distribution. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:4023-4034. [PMID: 38357881 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c05616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
In this study, an effective method for preparation of bioactive galloylated procyanidin B2-3'-O-gallate (B2-3'-G) was first developed by incomplete depolymerization of grape seed polymeric procyanidins (PPCs) using l-cysteine (Cys) in the presence of citric acid. The structure-activity relationship of B2-3'-G was further evaluated in vitro through establishing lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in RAW264.7 cells. The results suggested that the better protective effects of B2-3'-G against inflammation were attributed to its polymerization degree and the introduction of the galloyl group, compared to its four corresponding structural units. In vivo experiments demonstrated that the B2-3'-G prototype was distributed in plasma, small intestine, liver, lung, and brain. Remarkably, B2-3'-G was able to penetrate the blood-brain barrier and appeared to play an important role in improving brain health. Furthermore, a total of 18 metabolites were identified in tissues. Potential metabolic pathways, including reduction, methylation, hydration, desaturation, glucuronide conjugation, and sulfation, were suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxia Yu
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Chunying Zuo
- National Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutics of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Benxi 117004, China
- Shenzhen Chinese Medicine Manufacturing Innovation Center Co., Shenzhen 518109, China
| | - Mingrui Li
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yuanyuan Tang
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Lingxi Li
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Fang Wang
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Shuting Zhang
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Baoshan Sun
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
- Pólo Dois Portos, Instituto National de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, I.P., Quinta da Almoinha, 2565-191 Dois Portos, Portugal
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Villegas-Aguilar MDC, Sánchez-Marzo N, Fernández-Ochoa Á, Del Río C, Montaner J, Micol V, Herranz-López M, Barrajón-Catalán E, Arráez-Román D, Cádiz-Gurrea MDLL, Segura-Carretero A. Evaluation of Bioactive Effects of Five Plant Extracts with Different Phenolic Compositions against Different Therapeutic Targets. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:217. [PMID: 38397815 PMCID: PMC10886104 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13020217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Plant extracts rich in phenolic compounds have been reported to exert different bioactive properties. Despite the fact that there are plant extracts with completely different phenolic compositions, many of them have been reported to have similar beneficial properties. Thus, the structure-bioactivity relationship mechanisms are not yet known in detail for specific classes of phenolic compounds. In this context, this work aims to demonstrate the relationship of extracts with different phenolic compositions versus different bioactive targets. For this purpose, five plant matrices (Theobroma cacao, Hibiscus sabdariffa, Silybum marianum, Lippia citriodora, and Olea europaea) were selected to cover different phenolic compositions, which were confirmed by the phytochemical characterization analysis performed by HPLC-ESI-qTOF-MS. The bioactive targets evaluated were the antioxidant potential, the free radical scavenging potential, and the inhibitory capacity of different enzymes involved in inflammatory processes, skin aging, and neuroprotection. The results showed that despite the different phenolic compositions of the five matrices, they all showed a bioactive positive effect in most of the evaluated assays. In particular, matrices with very different phenolic contents, such as T. cacao and S. marianum, exerted a similar inhibitory power in enzymes involved in inflammatory processes and skin aging. It should also be noted that H. sabdariffa and T. cacao extracts had a low phenolic content but nevertheless stood out for their bioactive antioxidant and anti-radical capacity. Hence, this research highlights the shared bioactive properties among phenolic compounds found in diverse matrices. The abundance of different phenolic compound families highlights their elevated bioactivity against diverse biological targets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Noelia Sánchez-Marzo
- Institute of Research, Development and Innovation in Biotechnology of Elche (IDiBE) Miguel Hernández University (UMH), 03202 Elche, Spain; (N.S.-M.); (V.M.); (M.H.-L.); (E.B.-C.)
| | - Álvaro Fernández-Ochoa
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (M.d.C.V.-A.); (Á.F.-O.); (D.A.-R.); (A.S.-C.)
| | - Carmen Del Río
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Seville, Spain; (C.D.R.); (J.M.)
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - Joan Montaner
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Seville, Spain; (C.D.R.); (J.M.)
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - Vicente Micol
- Institute of Research, Development and Innovation in Biotechnology of Elche (IDiBE) Miguel Hernández University (UMH), 03202 Elche, Spain; (N.S.-M.); (V.M.); (M.H.-L.); (E.B.-C.)
- CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition CB12/03/30038), Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Herranz-López
- Institute of Research, Development and Innovation in Biotechnology of Elche (IDiBE) Miguel Hernández University (UMH), 03202 Elche, Spain; (N.S.-M.); (V.M.); (M.H.-L.); (E.B.-C.)
| | - Enrique Barrajón-Catalán
- Institute of Research, Development and Innovation in Biotechnology of Elche (IDiBE) Miguel Hernández University (UMH), 03202 Elche, Spain; (N.S.-M.); (V.M.); (M.H.-L.); (E.B.-C.)
| | - David Arráez-Román
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (M.d.C.V.-A.); (Á.F.-O.); (D.A.-R.); (A.S.-C.)
| | - María de la Luz Cádiz-Gurrea
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (M.d.C.V.-A.); (Á.F.-O.); (D.A.-R.); (A.S.-C.)
| | - Antonio Segura-Carretero
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (M.d.C.V.-A.); (Á.F.-O.); (D.A.-R.); (A.S.-C.)
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Elshamy S, Handoussa H, El-Shazly M, Mohammed ED, Kuhnert N. Metabolomic profiling and quantification of polyphenols from leaves of seven Acacia species by UHPLC-QTOF-ESI-MS. Fitoterapia 2024; 172:105741. [PMID: 37951277 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2023.105741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
The genus Acacia (Fabaceae) comprises >1350 species and has been used in traditional medicine as infusions and decoctions to treat wounds, sores, headaches, diarrhea, and cough. The leaf methanolic extracts of seven Acacia species growing in Egypt namely: Acacia saligna, Acacia seyal, Acacia xanthophloea, Acacia tortilis subsp. raddiana., Acacia tortilis, Acacia laeta, Acacia albida were analyzed using UPLC-QTOF-ESI-MS. A total of 37 polyphenols were identified and discussed in detail. They included phenolic acids, flavonoids, and procyanidins, among which sixteen polyphenols were identified in Acacia for the first time. Folin-ciocalteau assay and ferric reducing antioxidant power, cupric reducing antioxidant capacity, 2,20 -azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) cation radical and the scavenging capacity against 2,2-diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl radical were performed to investigate the total phenolic content and the antioxidant activity of the Acacia extracts, respectively. Furthermore, the absolute quantification of eighteen polyphenols common to most of the species was performed using UPLC-MS. It was evident that the differences in the chemical composition among the species accounted for the difference in antioxidant activity which was in line together with the total phenolic content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma Elshamy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, German University in Cairo GUC, 11835 New Cairo City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Heba Handoussa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, German University in Cairo GUC, 11835 New Cairo City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed El-Shazly
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, German University in Cairo GUC, 11835 New Cairo City, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eman D Mohammed
- Department of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Natural Products Unit, Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Nikolai Kuhnert
- School of Science, Constructor University, Campusring 8, 28759 Bremen, Germany.
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Wang W, Le T, Wang WW, Yin JF, Jiang HY. The Effects of Structure and Oxidative Polymerization on Antioxidant Activity of Catechins and Polymers. Foods 2023; 12:4207. [PMID: 38231595 DOI: 10.3390/foods12234207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols are key free radical scavengers in tea. This study screened the antioxidant active groups of catechins and dimers and analyzed the effects of the degree of oxidative polymerization and oxidative dimerization reaction on their antioxidant activities. ABTS+· free radical scavenging activity, DPPH free radical scavenging activity, and total antioxidant capacity of catechins and polymers were systematically analyzed and compared in this study. Results manifested antioxidant activities of catechins were dominated by B-ring pyrogallol and 3-galloyl, but were not decided by geometrical isomerism. 3-galloyl had a stronger antioxidant activity than B-ring pyrogallol in catechins. The number, not the position, of the galloyl group was positively correlated with the antioxidant activities of theaflavins. Theasinensin A has more active groups than (-)-epigallocatechin gallate and theaflavin-3,3'-digallate, so it had a stronger antioxidant activity. Additionally, the higher the degree of oxidation polymerization, the weaker the antioxidant activities of the samples. The oxidative dimerization reaction hindered the antioxidant activities of the substrate-catechin mixture by reducing the number of active groups of the substrate and increasing the molecular structure size of the product. Overall, pyrogallol and galloyl groups were antioxidant active groups. The degree of oxidative polymerization and the oxidative dimerization reaction weakened the antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 9 Meiling South Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou 310008, China
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Cangshan District, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Ting Le
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 9 Meiling South Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Wei-Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 9 Meiling South Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Jun-Feng Yin
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 9 Meiling South Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - He-Yuan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 9 Meiling South Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou 310008, China
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10
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Hodges JK, Sasaki GY, Vodovotz Y, Bruno RS. Gallation and B-Ring Dihydroxylation Increase Green Tea Catechin Residence Time in Plasma by Differentially Affecting Tissue-Specific Trafficking: Compartmental Model of Catechin Kinetics in Healthy Adults. Nutrients 2023; 15:4021. [PMID: 37764804 PMCID: PMC10536004 DOI: 10.3390/nu15184021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Catechins in green tea extract (GTE) (epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), epigallocatechin (EGC), epicatechin (EC), epicatechin gallate (ECG)) vary in bioactivity. We developed a physiologically relevant mathematical model of catechin metabolism to test the hypothesis that fractional catabolic rates of catechins would be differentially affected by their structural attributes. Pharmacokinetic data of plasma and urine catechin concentrations were used from healthy adults (n = 19) who ingested confections containing 0.5 g GTE (290 mg EGCG, 87 mg EGC, 39 mg EC, 28 mg ECG). A 7-compartmental model of catechin metabolism comprised of the gastrointestinal tract (stomach, small and large intestine), liver, plasma, extravascular tissues, and kidneys was developed using a mean fraction dose of EGCG, ECG, EGC, and EC. Fitting was by iterative least squares regression analysis, and goodness of fit was ascertained by the estimated variability of parameters (FSD < 0.5). The interaction of gallation and B-ring dihydroxylation most greatly extended plasma residence time such that EGC > EC = EGCG > EGC. The interaction between gallation and B-ring dihydroxylation accelerated the transfer from the upper gastrointestinal tract to the small intestine but delayed subsequent transfers from the small intestine through the liver to plasma and from kidneys to urine. Gallation and B-ring dihydroxylation independently delayed the transfer from plasma to extravascular tissues, except the uptake to kidneys, which was slowed by gallation only. This multi-compartment model, to be validated in a future study, suggests that gallation and B-ring dihydroxylation affect catechin catabolism in a tissue-specific manner and thus their potential bioactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna K Hodges
- Human Nutrition Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Geoffrey Y Sasaki
- Human Nutrition Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Yael Vodovotz
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Richard S Bruno
- Human Nutrition Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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11
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Rusciano D, Bagnoli P. Pharmacotherapy and Nutritional Supplements for Neovascular Eye Diseases. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1334. [PMID: 37512145 PMCID: PMC10383223 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59071334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
In this review, we aim to provide an overview of the recent findings about the treatment of neovascular retinal diseases. The use of conventional drugs and nutraceuticals endowed with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that may support conventional therapies will be considered, with the final aim of achieving risk reduction (prevention) and outcome improvement (cooperation between treatments) of such sight-threatening proliferative retinopathies. For this purpose, we consider a medicinal product one that contains well-defined compound(s) with proven pharmacological and therapeutic effects, usually given for the treatment of full-blown diseases. Rarely are prescription drugs given for preventive purposes. A dietary supplement refers to a compound (often an extract or a mixture) used in the prevention or co-adjuvant treatment of a given pathology. However, it must be kept in mind that drug-supplement interactions may exist and might affect the efficacy of certain drug treatments. Moreover, the distinction between medicinal products and dietary supplements is not always straightforward. For instance, melatonin is formulated as a medicinal product for the treatment of sleep and behavioral problems; at low doses (usually below 1 mg), it is considered a nutraceutical, while at higher doses, it is sold as a psychotropic drug. Despite their lower status with respect to drugs, increasing evidence supports the notion of the beneficial effects of dietary supplements on proliferative retinopathies, a major cause of vision loss in the elderly. Therefore, we believe that, on a patient-by-patient basis, the administration of nutraceuticals, either alone or in association, could benefit many patients, delaying the progression of their disease and likely improving the efficacy of pharmaceutical drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paola Bagnoli
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, 56123 Pisa, Italy
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12
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Orita T, Chogahara S, Okuda M, Sakao K, Miyata T, Hou DX. Extraction Efficiency and Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activities of Green Tea Catechins by Different Infusion Methods. Foods 2023; 12:2611. [PMID: 37444349 DOI: 10.3390/foods12132611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Alpha-glucosidase is an important target for glycemic control with the aim of reducing the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Green tea catechins have been reported to inhibit alpha-glucosidase activity as a potential beverage to control blood glucose levels. However, the effects of the daily infusion style of green tea on tea catechins and their activity remain unclear. In this study, the extraction efficiency of catechins was investigated for 12 green tea extracts (GTEs) infused with 70% ethanol (70% EtOH for 24 h, a favored solvent for catechin extraction), room temperature water infusion (RT H2O for 24 h, an easy way to drink tea), and hot water infusion (Hot H2O for 90 s, a standard way to drink tea). Eight catechins were quantified by HPLC, and the inhibitory effect of GTEs and their catechins on alpha-glucosidase was measured with both rat intestinal enzymes and human Caco-2 cells. The inhibitory mechanism was further analyzed in silico by docking catechins to human alpha-glucosidase using Molecular Operating Environment software. The results showed that total catechins and gallate catechins were efficiently extracted in the order of 70% EtOH, RT H2O, and Hot H2O, and the inhibitory activity against alpha-glucosidase also followed a similar order. Pearson correlation analysis indicated that the alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity of GTEs was significantly positively correlated with the contents of total catechins, especially gallate catechins. Gallate catechins, such as EGCg and ECg, showed lower IC50 values than free catechins for the enzyme in both rats and humans. In silico simulation revealed that gallate catechins were bound to the different sites with free catechins, and the docking energy of gallate catechins was lower than that of free catechins. Taken together, our data indicated that the daily infusion style of green tea significantly impacted the extraction efficiency and alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activities of catechins, which will give us insight into the use of green tea catechins for glycemic control through efficient infusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsukasa Orita
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Satoshi Chogahara
- Tea Division, Kagoshima Prefectural Institute for Agricultural Development, Kagoshima 899-3401, Japan
| | - Mayuko Okuda
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Kozue Sakao
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Takeshi Miyata
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - De-Xing Hou
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
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13
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Geana EI, Ciucure CT, Tamaian R, Marinas IC, Gaboreanu DM, Stan M, Chitescu CL. Antioxidant and Wound Healing Bioactive Potential of Extracts Obtained from Bark and Needles of Softwood Species. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1383. [PMID: 37507922 PMCID: PMC10376860 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Interest in the extraction of phytochemical bioactive compounds, especially polyphenols from biomass, has recently increased due to their valuable biological potential as natural sources of antioxidants, which could be used in a wide range of applications, from foods and pharmaceuticals to green polymers and bio-based materials. The present research study aimed to provide a comprehensive chemical characterization of the phytochemical composition of forest biomass (bark and needles) of softwood species (Picea abies L., H. Karst., and Abies alba Mill.) and to investigate their in vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial activities to assess their potential in treating and healing infected chronic wounds. The DPPH radical-scavenging method and P-LD were used for a mechanistic explanation of the biomolecular effects of the investigated bioactive compounds. (+)-Catechin, epicatechin, rutin, myricetin, 4 hydroxybenzoic and p-cumaric acids, kaempherol, and apigenin were the main quantified polyphenols in coniferous biomass (in quantities around 100 µg/g). Also, numerous phenolic acids, flavonoids, stilbenes, terpenes, lignans, secoiridoids, and indanes with antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antihemolytic, and anti-carcinogenic potential were identified. The Abies alba needle extract was more toxic to microbial strains than the eukaryotic cells that provide its active wound healing principles. In this context, developing industrial upscaling strategies is imperative for the long-term success of biorefineries and incorporating them as part of a circular bio-economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeta-Irina Geana
- National Research and Development Institute for Cryogenics and Isotopic Technologies, 240050 Ramnicu Valcea, Romania;
| | - Corina Teodora Ciucure
- National Research and Development Institute for Cryogenics and Isotopic Technologies, 240050 Ramnicu Valcea, Romania;
| | - Radu Tamaian
- National Research and Development Institute for Cryogenics and Isotopic Technologies, 240050 Ramnicu Valcea, Romania;
| | - Ioana Cristina Marinas
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, Research Institute of the University of Bucharest-ICUB, 050567 Bucharest, Romania; (D.M.G.); (M.S.)
| | - Diana Mădălina Gaboreanu
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, Research Institute of the University of Bucharest-ICUB, 050567 Bucharest, Romania; (D.M.G.); (M.S.)
- National Institute of Research and Development for Biological Sciences, 060031 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Miruna Stan
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, Research Institute of the University of Bucharest-ICUB, 050567 Bucharest, Romania; (D.M.G.); (M.S.)
| | - Carmen Lidia Chitescu
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, “Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati, 800008 Galati, Romania;
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14
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Hassanpour SH, Doroudi A. Review of the antioxidant potential of flavonoids as a subgroup of polyphenols and partial substitute for synthetic antioxidants. AVICENNA JOURNAL OF PHYTOMEDICINE 2023; 13:354-376. [PMID: 37663389 PMCID: PMC10474916 DOI: 10.22038/ajp.2023.21774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Objective This review describes the antioxidant activity of flavonoids as a subgroup of polyphenols and a partial or entire substitute for synthetic antioxidants. Materials and Methods All relevant databases were searched using the terms "Phytochemical", "Polyphenol", and "Flavonoid". Results The oxidative reaction caused by free radicals is a reason for food spoilage, which causes unpleasant odor, loss of taste, and damaged tissues. The common antioxidants employed in foods include butylated hydroxyanisole, butylated hydroxytoluene, propyl gallate, and tert-butyl hydroquinone. Despite their high efficiency and potency, synthetic antioxidants have adverse effects on the human body, such as causing mutation and carcinogenicity. A whole and a group of them known as polyphenols possess high antioxidant activity. These compounds are potential antioxidants due to their capabilities such as scavenging free radicals, donating hydrogen atoms, and chelating metal cations. The antioxidant mechanism of action of flavonoids is transferring hydrogen atom to free radicals. Accordingly, the more the flavonoid structure makes the hydrogen transfer faster and easier, the more the flavonoid's antioxidant power will be. Therefore, the antioxidant activity of the flavonoids with hydroxyl groups in their structure is the highest among different flavonoids. Conclusion In addition to health promotion and some disease prevention effects, various in vitro investigations have indicated that flavonoids possess high antioxidant activity that is comparable with synthetic antioxidants. However, to be commercially available, these compounds should be extracted from a low-price source with a high-performance method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyyed Hossein Hassanpour
- Department of Nuclear Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Doroudi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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15
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Lee H, Hyun Jeong J, Lee T, Chong Y, Choo H, Lee S. Identification of (-)-Epigallocateshin Gallate Derivatives promoting innate immune activation via 2' 3'-cyclic GMP-AMP-stimulator of interferon genes pathway. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2023; 90:129325. [PMID: 37182610 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2023.129325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
(-)-Epigallocatehin-3-gallate (EGCG) is a catechin derived from green tea, which has been widely studied for its anti-oxidant and anti-tumor properties. Although EGCG plays important roles in various biological processes, the its effect on the immune system is not fully understood. In this study, we investigated the potential of EGCG as an activator of the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway in the immune system. The cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-2'-3'-cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP)-STING pathway is crucial in the innate immune response to microbial infections, autoimmunity, and anticancer immunity. We confirmed that EGCG enhanced the immune response of cGAMP and identified E2 from 13 synthetic derivatives of EGCG. E2 specifically activated the interferon (IFN) signaling pathway specifically through STING- and cGAMP-dependent mechanisms. These results demonstrate the potential of EGCG and its derivatives as new STING activators that can stimulate the type I interferon response by boosting cGAMP-mediated STING activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyelim Lee
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hyun Jeong
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Taegum Lee
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Youhoon Chong
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Hyunah Choo
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghee Lee
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department for HY-KIST Bio-convergence, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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16
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Li Z, Liu J, You J, Li X, Liang Z, Du J. Proanthocyanidin Structure-Activity Relationship Analysis by Path Analysis Model. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076379. [PMID: 37047349 PMCID: PMC10094556 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
To fully explore the influence mechanism of interactions between different monomer units of proanthocyanidins (PAs) on biological activity, a path analysis model of the PA structure-activity relationship was proposed. This model subdivides the total correlation between each monomer unit and activity into direct and indirect effects by taking into account not only each monomer unit but also the correlation with its related monomer units. In addition, this method can determine the action mode of each monomer unit affecting the activity by comparing the direct and total indirect effects. Finally, the advantage of this model is demonstrated through an influence mechanism analysis of Rhodiola crenulata PA monomer units on antioxidant and anti-diabetes activities.
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17
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Hazimeh D, Massoud G, Parish M, Singh B, Segars J, Islam MS. Green Tea and Benign Gynecologic Disorders: A New Trick for An Old Beverage? Nutrients 2023; 15:1439. [PMID: 36986169 PMCID: PMC10054707 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Green tea is harvested from the tea plant Camellia sinensis and is one of the most widely consumed beverages worldwide. It is richer in antioxidants than other forms of tea and has a uniquely high content of polyphenolic compounds known as catechins. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the major green tea catechin, has been studied for its potential therapeutic role in many disease contexts, including pathologies of the female reproductive system. As both a prooxidant and antioxidant, EGCG can modulate many cellular pathways important to disease pathogenesis and thus has clinical benefits. This review provides a synopsis of the current knowledge on the beneficial effects of green tea in benign gynecological disorders. Green tea alleviates symptom severity in uterine fibroids and improves endometriosis through anti-fibrotic, anti-angiogenic, and pro-apoptotic mechanisms. Additionally, it can reduce uterine contractility and improve the generalized hyperalgesia associated with dysmenorrhea and adenomyosis. Although its role in infertility is controversial, EGCG can be used as a symptomatic treatment for menopause, where it decreases weight gain and osteoporosis, as well as for polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - James Segars
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Division of Reproductive Sciences & Women’s Health Research, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Md Soriful Islam
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Division of Reproductive Sciences & Women’s Health Research, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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18
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In Vitro Evaluation of Antioxidant and Protective Potential of Kombucha-Fermented Black Berry Extracts against H 2O 2-Induced Oxidative Stress in Human Skin Cells and Yeast Model. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054388. [PMID: 36901817 PMCID: PMC10002260 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The fruits of R. nigrum L., A. melanocarpa Michx., and V. myrtillus L. are well-known natural plant materials with proven antioxidant activity. This work attempts to compare the antioxidant properties of extracts of these plants and ferments obtained during their fermentation using a consortium of microorganisms referred to as kombucha. As part of the work, a phytochemical analysis of extracts and ferments was carried out using the UPLC-MS method and the content of the main components was determined. The antioxidant properties of the tested samples and their cytotoxicity were assessed with the use of DPPH and ABTS radicals. The protective effect against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress was also assessed. The possibility of inhibiting the increase in the intracellular level of reactive oxygen species was carried out on both human skin cells (keratinocytes and fibroblasts) and the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (wild-type strains and sod1Δ deletion mutants). The conducted analyses showed that the ferments obtained are characterized by a greater variety of biologically active compounds; in most cases they do not cause a cytotoxic effect, show strong antioxidant properties, and can reduce oxidative stress in both human and yeast cells. This effect depends on the concentration used and the fermentation time. The results obtained indicate that the tested ferments can be considered as an extremely valuable raw material protecting cells against the negative effects of oxidative stress.
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19
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Parish M, Massoud G, Hazimeh D, Segars J, Islam MS. Green Tea in Reproductive Cancers: Could Treatment Be as Simple? Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15030862. [PMID: 36765820 PMCID: PMC9913717 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Green tea originates from the tea plant Camellia sinensis and is one of the most widely consumed beverages worldwide. Green tea polyphenols, commonly known as catechins, are the major bioactive ingredients and account for green tea's unique health benefits. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), is the most potent catechin derivative and has been widely studied for its pro- and anti-oxidative effects. This review summarizes the chemical and chemopreventive properties of green tea in the context of female reproductive cancers. A comprehensive search of PubMed and Google Scholar up to December 2022 was conducted. All original and review articles related to green tea or EGCG, and gynecological cancers published in English were included. The findings of several in vitro, in vivo, and epidemiological studies examining the effect of green tea on reproductive cancers, including ovarian, cervical, endometrial, and vulvar cancers, are presented. Studies have shown that this compound targets specific receptors and intracellular signaling pathways involved in cancer pathogenesis. The potential benefits of using green tea in the treatment of reproductive cancers, alone or in conjunction with chemotherapeutic agents, are examined, shedding light on new therapeutic strategies for the management of female reproductive cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - James Segars
- Correspondence: (J.S.); or (M.S.I.); Tel.: +1-410-614-2000 (J.S. & M.S.I.)
| | - Md Soriful Islam
- Correspondence: (J.S.); or (M.S.I.); Tel.: +1-410-614-2000 (J.S. & M.S.I.)
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20
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Jin M, Tao C, Hu X, Liu B, Ma C, Wu Z, Yao H, Wang DA. An Instant Underwater Tissue Adhesive Composed of Catechin-Chondroitin Sulfate and Cholesterol-Polyethyleneimine. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2202814. [PMID: 36707970 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202202814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Due to the safety issue and poor underwater adhesion of current commercially available bioadhesives, they are hard to apply to in vivo physiological environments and more diverse medical use conditions. In this study, a novel and facile bioadhesive for underwater medical applications are designed based on the coacervation of electrostatic interactions and hydrophobic interactions, with the introduction of catechin as a provider of catechol moieties for adhesion to surrounding tissues. The orange-colored bio-adhesive, named PcC, is generated within seconds by mixing catechin-modified chondroitin sulfate and cholesterol chloroformate-modified polyethyleneimine with agitation. In vitro mechanical measurements prove that this novel PcC bio-adhesive is superior in underwater adhesion performance when applied to cartilage. Animal experiments in a rat mastectomy model and rat cartilage graft implantation model demonstrate its potential for diverse medical purposes, such as closing surgical incisions, reducing the formation of seroma, and tissue adhesive applied in orthopedic or cartilage surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China.,Karolinska Institutet Ming Wai Lau Centre for Reparative Medicine, HKSTP, Sha Tin, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Chao Tao
- Karolinska Institutet Ming Wai Lau Centre for Reparative Medicine, HKSTP, Sha Tin, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Xu Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Bangheng Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China.,Karolinska Institutet Ming Wai Lau Centre for Reparative Medicine, HKSTP, Sha Tin, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Ma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China.,Karolinska Institutet Ming Wai Lau Centre for Reparative Medicine, HKSTP, Sha Tin, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Zhonglian Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, P. R. China
| | - Hang Yao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, P. R. China
| | - Dong-An Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China.,Karolinska Institutet Ming Wai Lau Centre for Reparative Medicine, HKSTP, Sha Tin, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China.,Shenzhen Research Institute, City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518057, P. R. China
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21
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Sadiq IZ. Free Radicals and Oxidative Stress: Signaling Mechanisms, Redox Basis for Human Diseases, and Cell Cycle Regulation. Curr Mol Med 2023; 23:13-35. [PMID: 34951363 DOI: 10.2174/1566524022666211222161637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Free radicals contain one or more unpaired electrons in their valence shell, thus making them unstable, short-lived, and highly reactive species. Excessive generation of these free radicals ultimately leads to oxidative stress causing oxidation and damage to significant macromolecules in the living system and essentially disrupting signal transduction pathways and antioxidants equilibrium. At lower concentrations, ROS serves as "second messengers," influencing many physiological processes in the cell. However, higher concentrations beyond cell capacity cause oxidative stress, contributing to human pathologies such as diabetes, cancer, Parkinson's disease, cardiovascular diseases, cataract, asthma, hypertension, atherosclerosis, arthritis, and Alzheimer's disease. Signaling pathways such as NF-κB, MAPKs, PI3K/Akt/ mTOR, and Keap1-Nrf2- ARE modulate the detrimental effects of oxidative stress by increasing the expression of cellular antioxidant defenses, phase II detoxification enzymes, and decreased production of ROS. Free radicals such as H2O2 are indeed needed for the advancement of the cell cycle as these molecules influence DNA, proteins, and enzymes in the cell cycle pathway. In the course of cell cycle progression, the cellular redox environment becomes more oxidized, moving from the G1 phase, becoming higher in G2/M and moderate in the S phase. Signals in the form of an increase in cellular pro-oxidant levels are required, and these signals are often terminated by a rise in the amount of antioxidants and MnSOD with a decrease in the level of cyclin D1 proteins. Therefore, understanding the mechanism of cell cycle redox regulation will help in the therapy of many diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idris Zubairu Sadiq
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of life Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria-Nigeria
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Maryam Abacha American University of Niger, ADS Avenue, Roi Muhammad VI Du Maroc Maradi, Republique Du Niger
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22
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Paramita V, Masruchin N, Wirohadidjojo YW, Puruhito B, Ariyanto HD, Yulianto ME, Hartati I, Yohana E, Hidayatulloh F, Sutrisno T, Wijayanto B. Multiple response optimizations on the leached-spray-dried bancha green tea towards healthy ageing. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21347. [PMID: 36494428 PMCID: PMC9734194 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25644-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bancha is a popular type of green tea in Japan, rich in tea polyphenols (TPs) and has a more astringent aroma with a less aromatic and strong character that complements functional foods. The blanching process is used to extract TPs and remove unwanted microorganisms, as well as inhibit phenolic oxidation. This study proposed a green tea blanching process followed by spray drying the extracts with maltodextrin. Furthermore, it is focused on maximizing the major chemical components of green tea (i.e., catechins, caffeine, and phenolic contents) based on powder particle size obtained through Multiple Response Surface Methodology optimizations. The results show that the proposed model accurately predicts leached-spray dried green tea's total catechin and caffeine content, with a coefficient of 0.9475 and 0.8692, respectively. This process yielded composite desirability of 0.9751, while individual desirability yielded excellent results of 1.0000, 0.9188, 1.0000, and 0.9839 for catechin, caffeine, phenol content, and powder. The settings appear to yield functional results for entire responses. Due to the concerns in tropical skin nutrition applications, smaller particle size green tea can promote better adsorption than larger sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vita Paramita
- grid.412032.60000 0001 0744 0787Department of Technology Industry, Diponegoro University, Semarang, 50275 Indonesia
| | - Nanang Masruchin
- Research Center for Biomass and Bioproducts, National Research and Innovation Agency of Indonesia (BRIN), Cibinong, Bogor, 16911 Indonesia
| | - Yohanes Widodo Wirohadidjojo
- grid.8570.a0000 0001 2152 4506Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, 55281 Indonesia
| | - Buwono Puruhito
- grid.412032.60000 0001 0744 0787Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Diponegoro University, Semarang, 50275 Indonesia
| | - Hermawan Dwi Ariyanto
- grid.412032.60000 0001 0744 0787Department of Technology Industry, Diponegoro University, Semarang, 50275 Indonesia
| | - Mohamad Endy Yulianto
- grid.412032.60000 0001 0744 0787Department of Technology Industry, Diponegoro University, Semarang, 50275 Indonesia
| | - Indah Hartati
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Wahid Hasyim University, Semarang, 50232 Indonesia
| | - Eflita Yohana
- grid.412032.60000 0001 0744 0787Department of Mechanical Engineering, Diponegoro University, Semarang, 50275 Indonesia
| | | | - Tris Sutrisno
- grid.412032.60000 0001 0744 0787Department of Technology Industry, Diponegoro University, Semarang, 50275 Indonesia
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Murali M, Gowtham HG, Shilpa N, Krishnappa HKN, Ledesma AE, Jain AS, Shati AA, Alfaifi MY, Elbehairi SEI, Achar RR, Silina E, Stupin V, Ortega-Castro J, Frau J, Flores-Holguín N, Amruthesh KN, Shivamallu C, Kollur SP, Glossman-Mitnik D. Exploration of Anti-HIV Phytocompounds against SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease: Structure-Based Screening, Molecular Simulation, ADME Analysis and Conceptual DFT Studies. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27238288. [PMID: 36500380 PMCID: PMC9736867 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The ever-expanding pandemic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has gained attention as COVID-19 and caused an emergency in public health to an unmatched level to date. However, the treatments used are the only options; currently, no effective and licensed medications are available to combat disease transmission, necessitating further research. In the present study, an in silico-based virtual screening of anti-HIV bioactive compounds from medicinal plants was carried out through molecular docking against the main protease (Mpro) (PDB: 6LU7) of SARS-CoV-2, which is a key enzyme responsible for virus replication. A total of 16 anti-HIV compounds were found to have a binding affinity greater than -8.9 kcal/mol out of 150 compounds screened. Pseudohypericin had a high affinity with the energy of -10.2 kcal/mol, demonstrating amino acid residual interactions with LEU141, GLU166, ARG188, and GLN192, followed by Hypericin (-10.1 kcal/mol). Moreover, the ADME (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism and Excretion) analysis of Pseudohypericin and Hypericin recorded a low bioavailability (BA) score of 0.17 and violated Lipinski's rule of drug-likeness. The docking and molecular simulations indicated that the quinone compound, Pseudohypericin, could be tested in vitro and in vivo as potent molecules against COVID-19 disease prior to clinical trials.This was also supported by the theoretical and computational studies conducted. The global and local descriptors, which are the underpinnings of Conceptual Density FunctionalTheory (CDFT) have beenpredicted through successful model chemistry, hoping that they could be of help in the comprehension of the chemical reactivity properties of the molecular systems considered in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ana E. Ledesma
- Centro de InvestigaciónenBiofísicaAplicada y Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Tecnologías (FCEyN), Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero (CIBAAL-UNSE-CONICET), Santiago del Estero 4206, Argentina
| | - Anisha S. Jain
- Department of Microbiology, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru 570015, India
| | - Ali A. Shati
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 9004, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Y. Alfaifi
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 9004, Saudi Arabia
| | - Serag Eldin I. Elbehairi
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 9004, Saudi Arabia
- Cell Culture Lab, Egyptian Organization for Biological Products and Vaccines (VACSERA Holding Company), 51 Wezaret El-Zeraa St., Giza 12511, Egypt
| | - Raghu Ram Achar
- Division of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru 570015, India
| | - Ekaterina Silina
- Department of Hospital Surgery, N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Victor Stupin
- Department of Hospital Surgery, N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Joaquín Ortega-Castro
- Departament de Química, Facultat de Ciences, Universitat de les IllesBalears, E-07122 Palma de Malllorca, Spain
| | - Juan Frau
- Departament de Química, Facultat de Ciences, Universitat de les IllesBalears, E-07122 Palma de Malllorca, Spain
| | - Norma Flores-Holguín
- Laboratorio Virtual NANOCOSMOS, Departamento de Medio Ambiente y Energía, Centro de Investigaciónen Materiales Avanzados, Chihuahua 31136, Mexico
| | - Kestur Nagaraj Amruthesh
- Department of Studies in Botany, University of Mysore, Mysore 570006, India
- Correspondence: (K.N.A.); (C.S.); (S.P.K.)
| | - Chandan Shivamallu
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru 570015, India
- Correspondence: (K.N.A.); (C.S.); (S.P.K.)
| | - Shiva Prasad Kollur
- School of Physical Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Mysuru Campus, Mysuru 570026, India
- Correspondence: (K.N.A.); (C.S.); (S.P.K.)
| | - Daniel Glossman-Mitnik
- Laboratorio Virtual NANOCOSMOS, Departamento de Medio Ambiente y Energía, Centro de Investigaciónen Materiales Avanzados, Chihuahua 31136, Mexico
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A study from structural insight to the antiamyloidogenic and antioxidant activities of flavonoids: scaffold for future therapeutics of Alzheimer’s disease. Med Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-022-02990-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Ghorbel M, Besbes M, Haddaji N, Bouali N, Brini F. Identification and Expression Profiling of Two Saudi Arabia Catalase Genes from Wheat and Barley in Response to Abiotic and Hormonal Stresses. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:2208. [PMID: 36358580 PMCID: PMC9686680 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11112208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Catalase is a crucial enzyme in antioxidant defense systems protecting eukaryotes from oxidative stress. These proteins are present in almost all living organisms and play important roles in controlling plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses by catalyzing the decomposition of H2O2. Despite their importance, little is known about their expression in the majority of monocotyledonous species. Here, we isolated and characterized two novel catalase genes from Triticum turgidum and Hordeum vulgare, designated as TtCAT1 and HvCAT1, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that TtCAT1 and HvCAT1 presented 492 aa and shared an important identity with other catalase proteins belonging to subfamily 1. Using bioinformatic analysis, we predicted the 3D structure models of TtCAT1 and HvCAT1. Interestingly, analysis showed that the novel catalases harbor a peroxisomal targeting signal (PTS1) located at their C-terminus portion, as shown for other catalase proteins. In addition, this motif is responsible for the in silico peroxisomal localization of both proteins. Finally, RT-qPCR analysis showed that TtCAT1 and HvCAT1 are highly expressed in leaves in normal conditions but faintly in roots. Moreover, both genes are upregulated after the application of different stresses such as salt, osmotic, cold, heavy metal, and hormonal stresses. The positive responses of TtCAT1 and HvCAT1 to the various stimuli suggested that these proteins can help to protect both species against environmental stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mouna Ghorbel
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, University of Hail, Ha’il 2440, Saudi Arabia
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Plant Improvement, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, Sfax 3018, Tunisia
| | - Malek Besbes
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, University of Hail, Ha’il 2440, Saudi Arabia
| | - Najla Haddaji
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, University of Hail, Ha’il 2440, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nouha Bouali
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, University of Hail, Ha’il 2440, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faiçal Brini
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Plant Improvement, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, Sfax 3018, Tunisia
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Liu S, Li T, Zhang P, Zhao L, Yi D, Zhang Z, Cong B. Insights into the Jasmonate Signaling in Basal Land Plant Revealed by the Multi-Omics Analysis of an Antarctic Moss Pohlia nutans Treated with OPDA. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13507. [PMID: 36362295 PMCID: PMC9658390 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (OPDA) is a biosynthetic precursor of jasmonic acid and triggers multiple biological processes from plant development to stress responses. However, the OPDA signaling and relevant regulatory networks were largely unknown in basal land plants. Using an integrated multi-omics technique, we investigated the global features in metabolites and transcriptional profiles of an Antarctic moss (Pohlia nutans) in response to OPDA treatment. We detected 676 metabolites based on the widely targeted metabolomics approach. A total of 82 significantly changed metabolites were observed, including fatty acids, flavonoids, phenolic acids, amino acids and derivatives, and alkaloids. In addition, the transcriptome sequencing was conducted to uncover the global transcriptional profiles. The representative differentially expressed genes were summarized into functions including Ca2+ signaling, abscisic acid signaling, jasmonate signaling, lipid and fatty acid biosynthesis, transcription factors, antioxidant enzymes, and detoxification proteins. The integrated multi-omics analysis revealed that the pathways of jasmonate and ABA signaling, lipid and fatty acid biosynthesis, and flavonoid biosynthesis might dominate the molecular responses to OPDA. Taken together, these observations provide insights into the molecular evolution of jasmonate signaling and the adaptation mechanisms of Antarctic moss to terrestrial habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenghao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Tingting Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Pengying Zhang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Linlin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Dan Yi
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Zhaohui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Bailin Cong
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China
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Yong H, Hu H, Wang Z, Yun D, Kan J, Liu J. Structure, stability and antioxidant activity of dialdehyde starch grafted with epicatechin, epicatechin gallate, epigallocatechin and epigallocatechin gallate. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:6373-6386. [PMID: 35535559 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Catechins, a member of the flavonoids, exist widely in teas, and have health benefits. However, catechins have poor stability, which greatly limits their application. In order to improve the stability of catechins, different catechins including (-)-epicatechin (EC), (-)-epicatechin gallate (ECG), (-)-epigallocatechin (EGC) and (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) were conjugated onto dialdehyde starch by acid-mediated coupling method. The structure, stability and antioxidant activity of dialdehyde starch-catechin conjugates were determined. RESULTS Thin-layer chromatography and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, fluorescence, nuclear magnetic resonance and infrared spectra revealed that catechins were successfully conjugated onto dialdehyde starch, coupling between 6-H/8-H of catechins' A ring and dialdehyde starch's aldehyde groups. The conjugates presented an amorphous structure and sheet-like and/or blocky morphologies. As compared to dialdehyde starch, the conjugates showed enhanced thermal stability. Furthermore, the stability of catechins in pH 7.4 phosphate-buffered saline was improved after conjugating onto dialdehyde starch. The conjugates exhibited significantly higher antioxidant activities than dialdehyde starch, decreasing in the following order: dialdehyde starch-ECG, dialdehyde starch-EGCG, dialdehyde starch-EC, dialdehyde starch-EGC and dialdehyde starch. CONCLUSION Dialdehyde starch-catechin conjugates have great potential as stable antioxidant agents. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Yong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, PR China
| | - Huixia Hu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, PR China
| | - Zhihao Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, PR China
| | - Dawei Yun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, PR China
| | - Juan Kan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, PR China
| | - Jun Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, PR China
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Phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of Lippia graveolens Kunth residual leaves fermented by two filamentous fungal strains in solid-state process. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2022.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Trifan A, Czerwińska ME, Mardari C, Zengin G, Sinan KI, Korona-Glowniak I, Skalicka-Woźniak K, Luca SV. Exploring the Artemisia Genus: An Insight into the Phytochemical and Multi-Biological Potential of A. campestris subsp. lednicensis (Spreng.) Greuter & Raab-Straube. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2874. [PMID: 36365326 PMCID: PMC9658600 DOI: 10.3390/plants11212874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The Artemisia L. genus includes over five hundred species with great economic and medicinal properties. Our study aimed to provide a comprehensive metabolite and bioactivity profile of Artemisia campestris subsp. lednicensis (Spreng.) Greuter & Raab-Straube collected from north-eastern Romania. Liquid chromatography with tandem high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS/MS) analysis of different polarity extracts obtained from the aerial parts led to the identification of twelve flavonoids, three phenolic acids, two sesquiterpene lactones, two fatty acids, one coumarin, and one lignan. The antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory properties were shown in the DPPH (0.71−213.68 mg TE/g) and ABTS (20.57−356.35 mg TE/g) radical scavenging, CUPRAC (38.56−311.21 mg TE/g), FRAP (121.68−202.34 mg TE/g), chelating (12.88−22.25 mg EDTAE/g), phosphomolybdenum (0.92−2.11 mmol TE/g), anti-acetylcholinesterase (0.15−3.64 mg GALAE/g), anti-butyrylcholinesterase (0−3.18 mg GALAE/g), anti-amylase (0.05−0.38 mmol ACAE/g), anti-glucosidase (0.43−2.21 mmol ACAE/g), and anti-tyrosinase (18.62−48.60 mg KAE/g) assays. At 100 μg/mL, Artemisia extracts downregulated the secretion of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated human neutrophil model (29.05−53.08% of LPS+ control). Finally, the Artemisia samples showed moderate to weak activity (minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) > 625 mg/L) against the seventeen tested microbial strains (bacteria, yeasts, and dermatophytes). Overall, our study shows that A. campestris subsp. lednicensis is a promising source of bioactives with putative use as food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Trifan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Monika E. Czerwińska
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacogenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
- Center for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Gokhan Zengin
- Physiology and Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Konya 42130, Turkey
| | - Kouadio Ibrahime Sinan
- Physiology and Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Konya 42130, Turkey
| | - Izabela Korona-Glowniak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | | | - Simon Vlad Luca
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Biothermodynamics, TUM School of Life and Food Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
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Chen B, Zhang W, Lin C, Zhang L. A Comprehensive Review on Beneficial Effects of Catechins on Secondary Mitochondrial Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911569. [PMID: 36232871 PMCID: PMC9569714 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are the main sites for oxidative phosphorylation and synthesis of adenosine triphosphate in cells, and are known as cellular power factories. The phrase "secondary mitochondrial diseases" essentially refers to any abnormal mitochondrial function other than primary mitochondrial diseases, i.e., the process caused by the genes encoding the electron transport chain (ETC) proteins directly or impacting the production of the machinery needed for ETC. Mitochondrial diseases can cause adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis disorder, an increase in oxygen free radicals, and intracellular redox imbalance. It can also induce apoptosis and, eventually, multi-system damage, which leads to neurodegenerative disease. The catechin compounds rich in tea have attracted much attention due to their effective antioxidant activity. Catechins, especially acetylated catechins such as epicatechin gallate (ECG) and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), are able to protect mitochondria from reactive oxygen species. This review focuses on the role of catechins in regulating cell homeostasis, in which catechins act as a free radical scavenger and metal ion chelator, their protective mechanism on mitochondria, and the protective effect of catechins on mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). This review highlights catechins and their effects on mitochondrial functional metabolic networks: regulating mitochondrial function and biogenesis, improving insulin resistance, regulating intracellular calcium homeostasis, and regulating epigenetic processes. Finally, the indirect beneficial effects of catechins on mitochondrial diseases are also illustrated by the warburg and the apoptosis effect. Some possible mechanisms are shown graphically. In addition, the bioavailability of catechins and peracetylated-catechins, free radical scavenging activity, mitochondrial activation ability of the high-molecular-weight polyphenol, and the mitochondrial activation factor were also discussed.
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EGCG Enhances the Chemosensitivity of Colorectal Cancer to Irinotecan through GRP78-MediatedEndoplasmic Reticulum Stress. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:7099589. [PMID: 36147440 PMCID: PMC9489388 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7099589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the role of GRP78-mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) in the synergistic inhibition of colorectal cancer by epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) and irinotecan (IRI). Findings showed that EGCG alone or in combination with irinotecan can significantly promote intracellular GRP78 protein expression, reduce mitochondrial membrane potential and intracellular ROS in RKO and HCT 116 cells, and induce cell apoptosis. In addition, glucose regulatory protein 78 kDa (GRP78) is significantly over-expressed in both colorectal cancer (CRC) tumor specimens and mouse xenografts. The inhibition of GRP78 by small interfering RNA led to the decrease of the sensitivity of CRC cells to the drug combination, while the overexpression of it by plasmid significantly increased the apoptosis of cells after the drug combination. The experimental results in the mouse xenografts model showed that the combination of EGCG and irinotecan could inhibit the growth of subcutaneous tumors of HCT116 cells better than the two drugs alone. EGCG can induce GRP78-mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress and enhance the chemo-sensitivity of colorectal cancer cells when coadministered with irinotecan.
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Liu S, Li T, Fang S, Zhang P, Yi D, Cong B, Zhang Z, Zhao L. Metabolic profiling and gene expression analyses provide insights into cold adaptation of an Antarctic moss Pohlia nutans. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1006991. [PMID: 36176693 PMCID: PMC9514047 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1006991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Antarctica is the coldest, driest, and most windy continent on earth. The major terrestrial vegetation consists of cryptogams (mosses and lichens) and two vascular plant species. However, the molecular mechanism of cold tolerance and relevant regulatory networks were largely unknown in these Antarctic plants. Here, we investigated the global alterations in metabolites and regulatory pathways of an Antarctic moss (Pohlia nutans) under cold stress using an integrated multi-omics approach. We found that proline content and several antioxidant enzyme activities were significantly increased in P. nutans under cold stress, but the contents of chlorophyll and total flavonoids were markedly decreased. A total of 559 metabolites were detected using ultra high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS/MS). We observed 39 and 71 differentially changed metabolites (DCMs) after 24 h and 60 h cold stress, indicating that several major pathways were differentially activated for producing fatty acids, alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, and phenolic acids. In addition, the quantitative transcriptome sequencing was conducted to uncover the global transcriptional profiles of P. nutans under cold stress. The representative differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified and summarized to the function including Ca2+ signaling, ABA signaling, jasmonate signaling, fatty acids biosynthesis, flavonoid biosynthesis, and other biological processes. The integrated dataset analyses of metabolome and transcriptome revealed that jasmonate signaling, auxin signaling, very-long-chain fatty acids and flavonoid biosynthesis pathways might contribute to P. nutans acclimating to cold stress. Overall, these observations provide insight into Antarctic moss adaptations to polar habitats and the impact of global climate change on Antarctic plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenghao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, China
- School of Advanced Manufacturing, Fuzhou University, Jinjiang, China
| | - Tingting Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, China
| | - Shuo Fang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, China
| | - Pengying Zhang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Dan Yi
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, China
| | - Bailin Cong
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, China
- School of Advanced Manufacturing, Fuzhou University, Jinjiang, China
| | - Zhaohui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Linlin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, China
- School of Advanced Manufacturing, Fuzhou University, Jinjiang, China
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Zeng YQ, He JT, Hu BY, Li W, Deng J, Lin QL, Fang Y. Virgin coconut oil: A comprehensive review of antioxidant activity and mechanisms contributed by phenolic compounds. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:1052-1075. [PMID: 35997296 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2113361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Virgin coconut oil (VCO) is obtained by processing mature coconut cores with mechanical or natural methods. In recent years, VCO has been widely used in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries because of its excellent functional activities. VCO has biological functions such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antiviral, and also has potential therapeutic effects on many chronic degenerative diseases. Among these functions, the antioxidant is the most basic and important function, which is mainly determined by phenolic compounds and medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs). This review aims to elucidate the antioxidant functions of each phenolic compound in VCO, and discuss the antioxidant mechanisms of VCO in terms of the role of phenolic compounds with fat, intestinal microorganisms, and various organs. Besides, the composition of VCO and its application in various industries are summarized, and the biological functions of VCO are generalized, which should lay a foundation for further research on the antioxidant activity of VCO and provide a theoretical basis for the development of food additives with antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Qing Zeng
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Edible forestry Resources Safety and Processing Utilization, National Engineering Research Center of Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Jin-Tao He
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Edible forestry Resources Safety and Processing Utilization, National Engineering Research Center of Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Bo-Yong Hu
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Edible forestry Resources Safety and Processing Utilization, National Engineering Research Center of Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Wen Li
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Edible forestry Resources Safety and Processing Utilization, National Engineering Research Center of Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Jing Deng
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Edible forestry Resources Safety and Processing Utilization, National Engineering Research Center of Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Qin-Lu Lin
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Edible forestry Resources Safety and Processing Utilization, National Engineering Research Center of Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Yong Fang
- College of Food Science and Engineering/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, China
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Role of Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2 (Nrf2) in the Recovery of Long COVID-19 Using Natural Antioxidants: A Systematic Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11081551. [PMID: 36009268 PMCID: PMC9405009 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease with approximately 517 million confirmed cases, with the average number of cases revealing that patients recover immediately without hospitalization. However, several other cases found that patients still experience various symptoms after 3–12 weeks, which is known as a long COVID syndrome. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection can activate nuclear factor kappa beta (NF-κβ) and unbind the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) with Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1), causing inhibition of Nrf2, which has an important role in antioxidant response and redox homeostasis. Disrupting the Keap1–Nrf2 pathway enhances Nrf2 activity, and has been identified as a vital approach for the prevention of oxidative stress and inflammation. Hence, natural antioxidants from various sources have been identified as a promising strategy to prevent oxidative stress, which plays a role in reducing the long COVID-19 symptoms. Oxygen-rich natural antioxidant compounds provide an effective Nrf2 activation effect that interact with the conserved amino acid residues in the Keap1-binding pocket, such as Ser602, Ser363, Ser508, and Ser555. In this review, the benefits of various natural antioxidant compounds that can modulate the Nrf2 signaling pathway, which is critical in reducing and curing long COVID-19, are highlighted and discussed.
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Ntamo Y, Jack B, Ziqubu K, Mazibuko-Mbeje SE, Nkambule BB, Nyambuya TM, Mabhida SE, Hanser S, Orlando P, Tiano L, Dludla PV. Epigallocatechin gallate as a nutraceutical to potentially target the metabolic syndrome: novel insights into therapeutic effects beyond its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:87-109. [PMID: 35916835 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2104805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is one of the most abundant and powerful flavonoids contained in green tea. Because of the global increase in green tea consumption, there has been a general interest in understanding its health benefits, including its bioactive compounds like EGCG. Indeed, preclinical evidence already indicates that EGCG demonstrated a strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that could be essential in protecting against metabolic syndrome. The current review explores clinical evidence reporting on the beneficial effects of EGCG supplementation in obese subjects or patients with diverse metabolic complications that include type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The discussion incorporates the impact of different formulations of EGCG, as well as the effective doses and treatment duration. Importantly, besides highlighting the potential use of EGCG as a nutraceutical, the current review also discusses crucial evidence related to its pharmaceutical development as an agent to hinder metabolic diseases, including its bioavailability and metabolism profile, as well as its well-known biological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonela Ntamo
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Babalwa Jack
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Khanyisani Ziqubu
- Department of Biochemistry, North-West University, Mmabatho, South Africa
| | | | - Bongani B Nkambule
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Tawanda M Nyambuya
- Department of Health Sciences, Namibia University of Science and Technology, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - Sihle E Mabhida
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Sidney Hanser
- Department of Physiology and Environmental Health, University of Limpopo, Sovenga, South Africa
| | - Patrick Orlando
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Luca Tiano
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Phiwayinkosi V Dludla
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa, South Africa
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Flavonoids Enhance Lipofection Efficiency and Ameliorate Cytotoxicity in Colon26 and HepG2 Cells via Oxidative Stress Regulation. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14061203. [PMID: 35745776 PMCID: PMC9231055 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14061203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) can affect cationic liposome-mediated transfection. In this study, we focused on a specific class of antioxidants, flavonoids, to investigate the transfection efficiency using cationic liposome/plasmid DNA complexes (lipoplexes) in 2D and 3D cultures of Colon26 and HepG2 cells, respectively. All tested flavonoids enhanced the transfection efficiency in 2D Colon26 and HepG2 cells. Among the tested flavonoids, 25 µM quercetin showed the highest promotion effect of 8.4- and 7.6-folds in 2D Colon26 and HepG2 cells, respectively. Transfection was also performed in 3D cultures of Colon26 and HepG2 cells using lipoplexes with quercetin. Quercetin (12.5 µM) showed the highest transfection efficiency at all transfection timings in 3D Colon26 and HepG2 cells with increased cell viability. Flow cytometry revealed that quercetin treatment reduced the population of gene expression-negative cells with high ROS levels and increased the number of gene expression-positive cells with low ROS levels in HepG2 cells. Information from this study can be valuable to develop strategies to promote transfection efficiency and attenuate cytotoxicity using lipoplexes.
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Pinilla I, Maneu V, Campello L, Fernández-Sánchez L, Martínez-Gil N, Kutsyr O, Sánchez-Sáez X, Sánchez-Castillo C, Lax P, Cuenca N. Inherited Retinal Dystrophies: Role of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Their Physiopathology and Therapeutic Implications. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11061086. [PMID: 35739983 PMCID: PMC9219848 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11061086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inherited retinal dystrophies (IRDs) are a large group of genetically and clinically heterogeneous diseases characterized by the progressive degeneration of the retina, ultimately leading to loss of visual function. Oxidative stress and inflammation play fundamental roles in the physiopathology of these diseases. Photoreceptor cell death induces an inflammatory state in the retina. The activation of several molecular pathways triggers different cellular responses to injury, including the activation of microglia to eliminate debris and recruit inflammatory cells from circulation. Therapeutical options for IRDs are currently limited, although a small number of patients have been successfully treated by gene therapy. Many other therapeutic strategies are being pursued to mitigate the deleterious effects of IRDs associated with oxidative metabolism and/or inflammation, including inhibiting reactive oxygen species’ accumulation and inflammatory responses, and blocking autophagy. Several compounds are being tested in clinical trials, generating great expectations for their implementation. The present review discusses the main death mechanisms that occur in IRDs and the latest therapies that are under investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Pinilla
- Aragón Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Ophthalmology, Lozano Blesa, University Hospital, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Surgery, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Correspondence: (I.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Victoria Maneu
- Department of Optics, Pharmacology and Anatomy, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain;
- Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), 03010 Alicante, Spain; (P.L.); (N.C.)
- Correspondence: (I.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Laura Campello
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain; (L.C.); (N.M.-G.); (O.K.); (X.S.-S.); (C.S.-C.)
| | - Laura Fernández-Sánchez
- Department of Optics, Pharmacology and Anatomy, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain;
| | - Natalia Martínez-Gil
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain; (L.C.); (N.M.-G.); (O.K.); (X.S.-S.); (C.S.-C.)
| | - Oksana Kutsyr
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain; (L.C.); (N.M.-G.); (O.K.); (X.S.-S.); (C.S.-C.)
| | - Xavier Sánchez-Sáez
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain; (L.C.); (N.M.-G.); (O.K.); (X.S.-S.); (C.S.-C.)
| | - Carla Sánchez-Castillo
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain; (L.C.); (N.M.-G.); (O.K.); (X.S.-S.); (C.S.-C.)
| | - Pedro Lax
- Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), 03010 Alicante, Spain; (P.L.); (N.C.)
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain; (L.C.); (N.M.-G.); (O.K.); (X.S.-S.); (C.S.-C.)
| | - Nicolás Cuenca
- Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), 03010 Alicante, Spain; (P.L.); (N.C.)
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain; (L.C.); (N.M.-G.); (O.K.); (X.S.-S.); (C.S.-C.)
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Perdices L, Fuentes-Broto L, Segura F, Cavero A, Orduna-Hospital E, Insa-Sánchez G, Sánchez-Cano AI, Fernández-Sánchez L, Cuenca N, Pinilla I. Systemic epigallocatechin gallate protects against retinal degeneration and hepatic oxidative stress in the P23H-1 rat. Neural Regen Res 2022; 17:625-631. [PMID: 34380903 PMCID: PMC8504391 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.320990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a group of inherited retinal disorders that lead to photoreceptor loss. RP has been reported to be related to oxidative stress, autophagy, and inflammation. (-)-Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), the most abundant catechin-based flavonoid in green tea leaves, has significant antioxidant, anti-carcinogenic, antimicrobial, and neuroprotective properties. EGCG, given its low molecular weight and hydrophilic properties, can cross the blood-retinal barrier and is able to reach different ocular tissues such as the lens, cornea, and retina. EGCG has been shown to provide retinal protection against ischemia; sodium nitroprusside-, N-methyl-D-aspartate-, lipopolysaccharide-, light-, sodium iodate-, or H2O2-induced damage and diabetic retinopathy. This suggests that systemic EGCG administration has the potential to protect against retinal degenerative or neurodegenerative diseases such as RP. The aim of this work was to investigate whether EGCG can protect against RP progression in the animal P23H line 1, the model of RP. Albino P23H rats were crossed with pigmented Long Evans rats to produce offspring exhibiting the clinical features of RP. Pigmented P23H rats were treated via intraperitoneal injection with saline or EGCG at a dose of 25 mg/kg every week from P100 to P160 and then compared to wild-type Long Evans rats. Rats treated with EGCG showed better visual and retinal electrical function with increased contrast sensitivity and b-wave values compared with those observed in P23H rats treated with vehicle. EGCG reduced lipid peroxidation and increased total antioxidant capacity and catalase and superoxide dismutase activities. No differences were observed in visual acuity, nitrate levels, nitrite levels or glutathione S-transferase activity. In conclusion, EGCG not only reduced the loss of visual function in P23H rats but also improved the levels of antioxidant enzymes and reduced oxidative damage. This study was approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (CEICA) from the University of Zaragoza under project license PI12/14 on July 11, 2014.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Perdices
- Aragón Institute for Health Research (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Lorena Fuentes-Broto
- Pharmacology, Physiology & Legal and Forensic Medicine, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Francisco Segura
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ana Cavero
- Health Sciences Faculty, San Jorge University, Villanueva de Gállego, Spain
| | | | - Gema Insa-Sánchez
- Pharmacology, Physiology & Legal and Forensic Medicine, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - Laura Fernández-Sánchez
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Nicolás Cuenca
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Isabel Pinilla
- Department of Surgery, Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain; Department of Ophthalmology, Lozano Blesa University Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain
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Angwa LM, Jiang Y, Pei J, Sun D. Antioxidant Phytochemicals for the Prevention of Fluoride-Induced Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis: a Review. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:1418-1441. [PMID: 34003450 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02729-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Fluorosis is a major public health problem globally. The non-availability of specific treatment and the irreversible nature of dental and skeletal lesions poses a challenge in the management of fluorosis. Oxidative stress is known to be one of the most important mechanisms of fluoride toxicity. Fluoride promotes the accumulation of reactive oxygen species by inhibiting the activity of antioxidant enzymes, resulting in the excessive production of reactive oxygen species at the cellular level which further leads to activation of cell death processes such as apoptosis. Phytochemicals that act as antioxidants have the potential to protect cells from oxidative stress. Evidence confirms that clinical symptoms of fluorosis can be mitigated to some extent or prevented by long-term intake of antioxidants and plant products. The primary purpose of this review is to examine recent findings that focus on the amelioration of fluoride-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis by natural and synthetic phytochemicals and their molecular mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linet M Angwa
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Kabarak University, Nakuru, 20157, Kenya
| | - Yuting Jiang
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Junrui Pei
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Dianjun Sun
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China.
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Tongsai S, Jangchud K, Jangchud A, Tepsongkroh B, Boonbumrung S, Prinyawiwatkul W. Relationship between sensory and chemical properties of Assam green teas under different pan‐firing and rolling time conditions. Int J Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.15645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saynamphung Tongsai
- Department of Product Development Faculty of Agro‐Industry Kasetsart University Bangkok 10900 Thailand
| | - Kamolwan Jangchud
- Department of Product Development Faculty of Agro‐Industry Kasetsart University Bangkok 10900 Thailand
| | - Anuvat Jangchud
- Department of Product Development Faculty of Agro‐Industry Kasetsart University Bangkok 10900 Thailand
| | - Benjarat Tepsongkroh
- Department of Food science and Technology Faculty of Science and Technology Thammasat University Pathum Thani 12120 Thailand
| | - Sumitra Boonbumrung
- Institute of Food Research and Product Development Kasetsart University Bangkok 10900 Thailand
| | - Witoon Prinyawiwatkul
- School of Nutrition and Food Sciences Louisiana State University Agricultural Center Baton Rouge LA 70803 USA
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Wang W, Chen L, Wang W, Zhang J, Engelhardt UH, Jiang H. Effect of Active Groups and Oxidative Dimerization on the Antimelanogenic Activity of Catechins and Their Dimeric Oxidation Products. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:1304-1315. [PMID: 35050598 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c07028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Some catechins and their dimeric oxidation products are well known to possess antimelanogenic activity, which could be influenced by their structures and oxidative dimerization. This study compared the antimelanogenic activity of different catechins and dimeric oxidation products and clarified the mechanism using an α-MSH-stimulated B16F10 cell model. It was found that 100 μg/mL (-)-gallocatechin gallate, (-)-epigallocatechin gallate, theasinensin A, and theaflavine-3,3'-digallate could significantly inhibit melanin synthesis without cytotoxicity. The tyrosinase (TYR) activities were 26.24 ± 4.97, 31.57 ± 5.37, 66.10 ± 9.62, and 78.19 ± 5.14%, respectively, and the melanin contents were 38.29 ± 3.50, 41.21 ± 7.62, 62.13 ± 9.80, and 68.82 ± 11.62%, respectively. These compounds inhibit melanin production by attenuating the mRNA levels of TYR, TRP1, and TRP2 gene. The structure-activity relationship showed that geometrical isomerism was not the key factor affecting catechins' antimelanogenic activity. Compared with the catechol, catechins with B-ring pyrogallol inhibited melanin synthesis more effectively. The number of galloyl groups was positively correlated with antimelanogenic activity. Compared with 3-galloyl, 3'-galloyl was a stronger active group in antimelanogenesis. Interestingly, the contribution of B-ring pyrogallol to the antimelanogenic activity was significantly stronger than that of 3-galloyl in catechins. Additionally, the antimelanogenic activity of the dimeric oxidation product at 100 μM was more than or equal to that of individual substrate-catechin, while being significantly less than that of the substrate-catechin mixture. Results indicated that pyrogallol and galloyl were the active groups inhibiting melanin synthesis. The oxidative dimerization weakened the antimelanogenic activity of the substrate-catechin mixture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 9 Meiling South Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310008, People's Republic of China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Tea Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 9 Meiling South Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310008, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianyong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 9 Meiling South Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310008, People's Republic of China
| | - Ulrich H Engelhardt
- Institute of Food Chemistry, TU Braunschweig, Schleinitzstr. 20, Braunschweig 38106, Germany
| | - Heyuan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 9 Meiling South Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310008, People's Republic of China
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Tama A, Bartosz G, Sadowska-Bartosz I. Is hydrogen peroxide generated in wine? FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2021.101487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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A targeted and nontargeted metabolomics study on the oral processing of epicatechins from green tea. Food Chem 2022; 378:132129. [PMID: 35042106 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Oral processing (OP), referring to the whole process of food digestion in human mouth, has a major influence on food flavor perception. This study focused on the compositional changes of the four green tea epicatechins (viz., EC, EGC, ECG, EGCG) during OP, based on targeted and nontargeted metabolomics. It was found that the four epicatechins were all extensively lost through transformation undergoing OP, among which EC was the most stable one, whereas EGCG the least. EGCG was further revealed to be susceptible to human oral cavity in the simulated OP in vitro. It could be converted physically by precipitating with mucin in saliva, and chemically through hydrolysis and dimerization, mediated mainly by the neutral pH condition. The OP of epicatechins also caused salivary composition changes possibly involving health benefits of green tea. These findings could raise awareness of the interactions between epicatechins, or any other food materials, with human mouth.
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Kwon YR, Kim JH, Lee S, Kim HY, Cho EJ. Protective effects of Populus tomentiglandulosa against cognitive impairment by regulating oxidative stress in an amyloid beta 25–35-induced Alzheimer's disease mouse model. Nutr Res Pract 2022; 16:173-193. [PMID: 35392529 PMCID: PMC8971824 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2022.16.2.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most representative neurodegenerative disease mainly caused by the excessive production of amyloid beta (Aβ). Several studies on the antioxidant activity and protective effects of Populus tomentiglandulosa (PT) against cerebral ischemia-induced neuronal damage have been reported. Based on this background, the present study investigated the protective effects of PT against cognitive impairment in AD. MATERIALS/METHODS We orally administered PT (50 and 100 mg/kg/day) for 14 days in an Aβ25-35-induced mouse model and conducted behavioral experiments to test cognitive ability. In addition, we evaluated the levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in serum and measured the production of lipid peroxide, nitric oxide (NO), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in tissues. RESULTS PT treatment improved the space perceptive ability in the T-maze test, object cognitive ability in the novel object recognition test, and spatial learning/long-term memory in the Morris water-maze test. Moreover, the levels of AST and ALT were not significantly different among the groups, indicating that PT did not show liver toxicity. Furthermore, administration of PT significantly inhibited the production of lipid peroxide, NO, and ROS in the brain, liver, and kidney, suggesting that PT protected against oxidative stress. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrated that administration of PT improved Aβ25–35-induced cognitive impairment by regulating oxidative stress. Therefore, we propose that PT could be used as a natural agent for AD improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ri Kwon
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Ji-Hyun Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Sanghyun Lee
- Department of Plant Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea
- Natural Product Institute of Science and Technology, Anseong 17546, Korea
| | - Hyun Young Kim
- Department of Food Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52725, Korea
| | - Eun Ju Cho
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
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Epigallocatechin-3-gallate Enhances Cognitive and Memory Performance and Protects Against Brain Injury in Methionine-induced Hyperhomocysteinemia Through Interdependent Molecular Pathways. Neurotox Res 2022; 40:2103-2116. [PMID: 36394770 PMCID: PMC9797462 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-022-00605-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Brain injury and cognitive impairment are major health issues associated with neurodegenerative diseases in young and aged persons worldwide. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) was studied for its ability to protect against methionine (Met)-induced brain damage and cognitive dysfunction. Male mice were given Met-supplemented in drinking water to produce hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy)-induced animals. EGCG was administered daily concurrently with Met by gavage. EGCG attenuated the rise in homocysteine levels in the plasma and the formation of amyloid-β and tau protein in the brain. Cognitive and memory impairment in HHcy-induced mice were significantly improved by EGCG administration. These results were associated with improvement in glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid levels in the brain. EGCG maintained the levels of glutathione and the activity of antioxidant enzymes in the brain. As a result of the reduction of oxidative stress, EGCG protected against DNA damage in Met-treated mice. Moreover, maintaining the redox balance significantly ameliorated neuroinflammation evidenced by the normalization of IL-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor α, C-reactive protein, and IL-13 in the same animals. The decreases in both oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines were significantly associated with upregulation of the antiapoptotic Bcl-2 protein and downregulation of the proapoptotic protein Bax, caspases 3 and 9, and p53 compared with Met-treated animals, indicating a diminution of neuronal apoptosis. These effects reflect and explain the improvement in histopathological alterations in the hippocampus of Met-treated mice. In conclusion, the beneficial effects of EGCG may be due to interconnecting pathways, including modulation of redox balance, amelioration of inflammation, and regulation of antiapoptotic proteins.
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Kwack MH, Ha DL, Lee WJ. Preventative effects of antioxidants on changes in sebocytes, outer root sheath cells, and Cutibacterium acnes-pretreated mice by particulate matter: No significant difference among antioxidants. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2022; 36:3946320221112433. [PMID: 35778860 PMCID: PMC9252012 DOI: 10.1177/03946320221112433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Particulate matter (PM) is an air pollutant that can damage human skin; antioxidants have shown some efficacy in alleviating PM-induced skin inflammation. We investigated the antioxidant effects of punicalagin, epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), and resveratrol on PM-induced changes in cultured human sebocytes, outer root sheath (ORS) cells, and Cutibacterium acnes-pretreated mice. METHODS Sebocytes and ORS cells were cultured with 100 μg/mL PM10 and 5 μM punicalagin, 1 μM EGCG, or 1 μM resveratrol for 24 h. In C. acnes-pretreated mice, inflammatory nodules were treated with 100 μg/mL PM10 and 5 μM punicalagin, 1 μM EGCG, or 1 μM resveratrol. Cell viability was measured using an MTT assay. Antioxidant effects were analyzed according to RNA expression, using real-time PCR, as well as reactive oxygen species (ROS) and sebum measurements. RESULTS Antioxidants inhibited the upregulation of inflammatory cytokines, matrix metalloproteinase, aryl hydrocarbon receptor, and NF-kB as well as the production of ROS induced by PM10 in cultured sebocytes and ORS cells. The preventative effects of punicalagin and EGCG on biomarker expression in cultured sebocytes and ORS cells were slightly greater than those of resveratrol, though the difference was not significant. In C. acnes-pretreated mice, the antioxidants inhibited inflammatory cytokine and matrix metalloproteinase expression as well as sebum production. CONCLUSIONS Antioxidants effectively reduced the expression of inflammatory biomarkers and sebum production in cultured sebocytes, ORS cells, and C. acnes-pretreated mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Hee Kwack
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Dae-Lyong Ha
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
| | - Weon Ju Lee
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
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Usefulness of Melatonin and Other Compounds as Antioxidants and Epidrugs in the Treatment of Head and Neck Cancer. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 11:antiox11010035. [PMID: 35052539 PMCID: PMC8773331 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11010035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Along with genetic mutations, aberrant epigenetic alterations are the initiators of head and neck cancer carcinogenesis. Currently, several drugs are being developed to correct these epigenetic alterations, known as epidrugs. Some compounds with an antioxidant effect have been shown to be effective in preventing these malignant lesions and in minimizing the complications derived from cytotoxic treatment. Furthermore, in vitro and in vivo studies show a promising role in the treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). This is the case of supplements with DNA methylation inhibitory function (DNMTi), such as epigallocatechin gallate, sulforaphane, and folic acid; histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi), such as sodium butyrate and melatonin or histone acetyltransferase inhibitors (HATi), such as curcumin. The objective of this review is to describe the role of some antioxidants and their epigenetic mechanism of action, with special emphasis on melatonin and butyric acid given their organic production, in the prevention and treatment of HNSCC.
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Soto-Mercado V, Mendivil-Perez M, Velez-Pardo C, Jimenez-Del-Rio M. (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate Diminishes Intra-and Extracellular Amyloid-Induced Cytotoxic Effects on Cholinergic-like Neurons from Familial Alzheimer's Disease PSEN1 E280A. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11121845. [PMID: 34944489 PMCID: PMC8699501 DOI: 10.3390/biom11121845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a complex neurodegenerative disease characterized by functional disruption, death of cholinergic neurons (ChNs) because of intracellular and extracellular Aβ aggregates, and hyperphosphorylation of protein TAU (p-TAU). To date, there are no efficient therapies against AD. Therefore, new therapies for its treatment are in need. The goal of this investigation was to evaluate the effect of the polyphenol epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) on cholinergic-like neurons (ChLNs) bearing the mutation E280A in PRESENILIN 1 (PSEN1 E280A). To this aim, wild-type (WT) and PSEN1 E280A ChLNs were exposed to EGCG (5–50 μM) for 4 days. Untreated or treated neurons were assessed for biochemical and functional analysis. We found that EGCG (50 μM) significantly inhibited the aggregation of (i)sAPPβf, blocked p-TAU, increased ∆Ψm, decreased oxidation of DJ-1 at residue Cys106-SH, and inhibited the activation of transcription factor c-JUN and P53, PUMA, and CASPASE-3 in mutant ChLNs compared to WT. Although EGCG did not reduce (e)Aβ42, the polyphenol reversed Ca2+ influx dysregulation as a response to acetylcholine (ACh) stimuli in PSEN1 E280A ChLNs, inhibited the activation of transcription factor NF-κB, and reduced the secretion of pro-inflammatory IL-6 in wild-type astrocyte-like cells (ALCs) when exposed to mutant ChLNs culture supernatant. Taken together, our findings suggest that the EGCG might be a promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of FAD.
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Wang D, Liu J, Qiu S, Wang J, Song G, Chu B, Li L, Xiao G, Gong J, Zheng F. Ultrasonic degradation kinetics and isomerization of 3- and 4-O-caffeoylquinic acid at various pH: The protective effects of ascorbic acid and epigallocatechin gallate on their stability. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2021; 80:105812. [PMID: 34736117 PMCID: PMC8569701 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2021.105812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Caffeoylquinic acids are existed in many plant species with various biological and pharmacological activities. 3-O-caffeoylquinic acid and 4-O-caffeoylquinic acid are two isomers of caffeoylquinic acids, which may be degraded and transformed to their isomers in processing. The present paper found that the stability of 3- and 4-O-caffeoylquinic acid had decreased with the increasing solution alkalinity. 3-O-caffeoylquinic acid was more stable than 4-O-caffeoylquinic acid at the same condition. During degradation, 3- and 4-O-caffeoylquinic acid were partially converted to their isomers. Additionally, ultrasonic effects on the degradation and isomerization of 3- and 4-O-caffeoylquinic acid at different pH were studied. Ultrasound facilitated the degradation and isomerization of these compounds. The degradation kinetics were described by the Weibull equation. The protective effect of ascorbic acid and epigallocatechin gallate were also explored. Ascorbic acid and epigallocatechin gallate could alleviate the degradation of 3- and 4-O-caffeoylquinic acid under certain conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danli Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Biological and Chemical Processing Technologies of Farm Product, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310023, China
| | - Jiayuan Liu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Biological and Chemical Processing Technologies of Farm Product, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310023, China
| | - Shaoping Qiu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Biological and Chemical Processing Technologies of Farm Product, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310023, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Biological and Chemical Processing Technologies of Farm Product, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310023, China
| | - Gongshuai Song
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Biological and Chemical Processing Technologies of Farm Product, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310023, China
| | - Bingquan Chu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Biological and Chemical Processing Technologies of Farm Product, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310023, China
| | - Ling Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Biological and Chemical Processing Technologies of Farm Product, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310023, China
| | - Gongnian Xiao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Biological and Chemical Processing Technologies of Farm Product, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310023, China
| | - Jinyan Gong
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Biological and Chemical Processing Technologies of Farm Product, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310023, China; Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Fuping Zheng
- Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
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Phimphilai S, Koonyosying P, Hutachok N, Kampoun T, Daw R, Chaiyasut C, Prasartthong-osoth V, Srichairatanakool S. Identifying Chemical Composition, Safety and Bioactivity of Thai Rice Grass Extract Drink in Cells and Animals. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26226887. [PMID: 34833982 PMCID: PMC8621899 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26226887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rice grass has been reported to contain bioactive compounds that possess antioxidant and free-radical scavenging activities. We aimed to assess rice grass extract (RGE) drink by determining catechin content, free-radical scavenging and iron-binding properties, as well as toxicity in cells and animals. Young rice grass (Sukhothai-1 strain) was dried, extracted with hot water and lyophilized in a vacuum chamber. The resulting extract was reconstituted with deionized water (260 mg/40 mL) and served as Sukhothai-1 rice grass extract drink (ST1-RGE). HPLC results revealed at least eight phenolic compounds, for which the major catechins were catechin, epicatechin and epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) (2.71-3.57, 0.98-1.85 and 25.47-27.55 mg/40 mL serving, respectively). Elements (As, Cu, Pb, Sn and Zn) and aflatoxin (B1, B2, G1 and G2) contents did not exceed the relevant limits when compared with WHO guideline values. Importantly, ST1-RGE drink exerted radical-scavenging, iron-chelating and anti-lipid peroxidation properties in aqueous and biological environments in a concentration-dependent manner. The drink was not toxic to cells and animals. Thus, Sukhothai-1 rice grass product is an edible drink that is rich in catechins, particularly EGCG, and exhibited antioxidant, free radical scavenging and iron-binding/chelating properties. The product represents a functional drink that is capable of alleviating conditions of oxidative stress and iron overload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suthaya Phimphilai
- Division of Science and Food Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Agro-Industry, Maejo University, Chiang Mai 50290, Thailand;
| | - Pimpisid Koonyosying
- Oxidative Stress Research Cluster, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (P.K.); (N.H.); (T.K.); (R.D.)
| | - Nuntouchaporn Hutachok
- Oxidative Stress Research Cluster, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (P.K.); (N.H.); (T.K.); (R.D.)
| | - Tanyaluk Kampoun
- Oxidative Stress Research Cluster, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (P.K.); (N.H.); (T.K.); (R.D.)
| | - Rufus Daw
- Oxidative Stress Research Cluster, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (P.K.); (N.H.); (T.K.); (R.D.)
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Chaiyavat Chaiyasut
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | | | - Somdet Srichairatanakool
- Oxidative Stress Research Cluster, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (P.K.); (N.H.); (T.K.); (R.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-5393-5322
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