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Li X, Fu J, Guan M, Shi H, Pan W, Lou X. Biochanin A attenuates spinal cord injury in rats during early stages by inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammasome activation. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:2050-2056. [PMID: 38227535 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.390953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
JOURNAL/nrgr/04.03/01300535-202409000-00038/figure1/v/2024-01-16T170235Z/r/image-tiff Previous studies have shown that Biochanin A, a flavonoid compound with estrogenic effects, can serve as a neuroprotective agent in the context of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury; however, its effect on spinal cord injury is still unclear. In this study, a rat model of spinal cord injury was established using the heavy object impact method, and the rats were then treated with Biochanin A (40 mg/kg) via intraperitoneal injection for 14 consecutive days. The results showed that Biochanin A effectively alleviated spinal cord neuronal injury and spinal cord tissue injury, reduced inflammation and oxidative stress in spinal cord neurons, and reduced apoptosis and pyroptosis. In addition, Biochanin A inhibited the expression of inflammasome-related proteins (ASC, NLRP3, and GSDMD) and the Toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor-κB pathway, activated the Nrf2/heme oxygenase 1 signaling pathway, and increased the expression of the autophagy markers LC3 II, Beclin-1, and P62. Moreover, the therapeutic effects of Biochanin A on early post-spinal cord injury were similar to those of methylprednisolone. These findings suggest that Biochanin A protected neurons in the injured spinal cord through the Toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor κB and Nrf2/heme oxygenase 1 signaling pathways. These findings suggest that Biochanin A can alleviate post-spinal cord injury at an early stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xigong Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jing Fu
- Department of Stomatology, Xixi Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ming Guan
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Haifei Shi
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Wenming Pan
- Department of Orthopedics, and Spine Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical School, the Second People's Hospital of Changshu, Changshu, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xianfeng Lou
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
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Chen T, Zhou N, Liang Q, Li Q, Li B, Chu Y, Zhang D, Chen Z, Tsao JR, Feng X, Hu K. Biochanin A: Disrupting the inflammatory vicious cycle for dry eye disease. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 977:176583. [PMID: 38679123 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Dry eye disease (DED) is a complex disorder driven by several factors like reduced tear production, increased evaporation, or poor tear quality. Oxidative stress plays a key role by exacerbating the inflammatory cycle. Previous studies explored antioxidants for DED treatment due to the link between oxidative damage and inflammation. Biochanin A (BCA) is a bioisoflavone from red clover with potent anti-inflammatory effects. This study investigated BCA's therapeutic potential for DED. Human corneal epithelial cells were cultured under hyperosmotic conditions to mimic DED. BCA treatment increased cell viability and decreased apoptosis and inflammatory cytokine expression. A DED mouse model was developed using female C57BL/6 mice in a controlled low-humidity environment combined with scopolamine injections. Mice received eye drops containing phosphate-buffered saline, low-dose BCA, or high-dose BCA. The effectiveness was evaluated by measuring tear volume, fluorescein staining, eye-closing ratio, corneal sensitivity and PAS staining. The levels of inflammatory components in corneas and conjunctiva were measured to assess DED severity. Maturation of antigen-presenting cells in cervical lymph nodes was analyzed by flow cytometry. BCA eye drops effectively reduced inflammation associated with DED in mice. BCA also decreased oxidative stress levels by reducing reactive oxygen species and enhancing the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). These findings demonstrate that BCA ameliorates oxidative stress and ocular surface inflammation, indicating potential as a DED treatment by relieving oxidative damage and mitigating inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taige Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China; Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Nan Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qi Liang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3 Qingchun East Road, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Boda Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yiran Chu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Di Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zeying Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jia-Ruei Tsao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuebing Feng
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Kai Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China.
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Karaaslanli A, Aşir F, Gürsoy GT, Tuncer MC. Biochanin A restored the blood-brain barrier in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion in rats. REVISTA DA ASSOCIACAO MEDICA BRASILEIRA (1992) 2024; 70:e20240025. [PMID: 39045961 PMCID: PMC11288263 DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.20240025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Blood-brain barrier is a protective layer that regulates the influx and efflux of biological materials for cerebral tissue. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Biochanin A on cerebral histopathology and blood-brain barrier immunohistochemically. METHODS A total of 24 rats were assigned to three groups: sham, ischemia-reperfusion, and ischemia-reperfusion+Biochanin A. Ischemia-reperfusion was performed by occluding the left carotid artery for 2/24 h. Notably, 20 mg/kg Biochanin A was administered to rats for 7 days after ischemia-reperfusion. Blood was collected for malondialdehyde and total oxidant/antioxidant status analysis. Cerebral tissues were processed for histopathology and further for immunohistochemical analysis. RESULTS Malondialdehyde content with total oxidant status value was significantly increased and total antioxidant status values were significantly decreased in the ischemia-reperfusion group compared with the sham group. Biochanin A treatment significantly improved scores in the ischemia-reperfusion+Biochanin A group. The normal histological appearance was recorded in the cerebral sections of the sham group. Degenerated neurons and vascular structures with disrupted integrity of the cerebral cortex were observed after ischemia-reperfusion. Biochanin A alleviated the histopathology in the cerebrum in the ischemia-reperfusion+Biochanin A group. Ischemia-reperfusion injury decreased the expression of blood-brain barrier in the ischemia-reperfusion group compared to the sham group. Administration of Biochanin A upregulated the blood-brain barrier immunoreactivity in the cerebrum by restoring blood-brain barrier. CONCLUSION Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion caused an increase in oxidative stress and pathological lesions in the cerebrum. Biochanin A treatment restored the adverse effects of ischemia-reperfusion injury by restoring blood-brain barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fırat Aşir
- Dicle University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology – Diyarbkır, Turkey
| | | | - Mehmet Cudi Tuncer
- Dicle University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anatomy – Diyarbakir, Turkey
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Wang K, Chen X. Protective effect of flavonoids on oxidative stress injury in Alzheimer's disease. Nat Prod Res 2024:1-28. [PMID: 38910339 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2024.2345760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease, which is mainly caused by the damage of the structure and function of the central nervous system. At present, there are many adverse reactions in market-available drugs, which can't significantly inhibit the occurrence of AD. Therefore, the current focus of research is to find safe and effective therapeutic drugs to improve the clinical treatment of AD. Oxidative stress bridges different mechanism hypotheses of AD and plays a key role in AD. Numerous studies have shown that natural flavonoids have good antioxidant effects. They can directly or indirectly resist -oxidative stress, inhibit Aβ aggregation and Tau protein hyperphosphorylation by activating Nrf2 and other oxidation-antioxidation-related signals, regulating synaptic function-related pathways, promoting mitochondrial autophagy, etc., and play a neuroprotective role in AD. In this review, we summarised the mechanism of flavonoids inhibiting oxidative stress injury in AD in recent years. Moreover, because of the shortcomings of poor biofilm permeability and low bioavailability of flavonoids, the advantages and recent research progress of nano-drug delivery systems such as liposomes and solid lipid nanoparticles were highlighted. We hope this review provides a useful way to explore safe and effective AD treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaixuan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xinmei Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Kumar A, Angelopoulou E, Pyrgelis ES, Piperi C, Mishra A. Harnessing Therapeutic Potentials of Biochanin A in Neurological Disorders: Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Overview. Chem Biodivers 2024:e202400709. [PMID: 38828832 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202400709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Biochanin A, an isoflavone flavonoid with estrogenic activity, is naturally found in red clover and other legumes. It possesses a wide range of pharmacological properties, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, neuroprotective, and anticancer effects. In recent years, a growing body of pre-clinical research has focused on exploring the therapeutic potential of biochanin A in various neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, epilepsy, ischemic brain injury, gliomas, and neurotoxicity. This comprehensive review aims to shed light on the underlying molecular mechanisms that contribute to the neuroprotective role of biochanin A based on previous pre-clinical studies. Furthermore, it provides a detailed overview of the protective effects of biochanin A in diverse neurological disorders. The review also addresses the limitations associated with biochanin A administration and discusses different approaches employed to overcome these challenges. Finally, it highlights the future opportunities for translating biochanin A from pre-clinical research to clinical studies while also considering its commercial viability as a dietary supplement or a potential treatment for various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) - Guwahati, Changsari, Kamrup, Assam, 781101, India
| | - Efthalia Angelopoulou
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Eginition Hospital, 11528, Athens, Greece
| | - Efstratios-Stylianos Pyrgelis
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Eginition Hospital, 11528, Athens, Greece
| | - Christina Piperi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, 11527, Greece
| | - Awanish Mishra
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) - Guwahati, Changsari, Kamrup, Assam, 781101, India
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Rathod SS, Agrawal YO. Phytocannabinoids as Potential Multitargeting Neuroprotectants in Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Drug Res Rev 2024; 16:94-110. [PMID: 37132109 DOI: 10.2174/2589977515666230502104021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The Endocannabinoid System (ECS) is a well-studied system that influences a variety of physiological activities. It is evident that the ECS plays a significant role in metabolic activities and also has some neuroprotective properties. In this review, we emphasize several plant-derived cannabinoids such as β-caryophyllene (BCP), Cannabichromene (CBC), Cannabigerol (CBG), Cannabidiol (CBD), and Cannabinol (CBN), which are known to have distinctive modulation abilities of ECS. In Alzheimer's disease (AD), the activation of ECS may provide neuroprotection by modulating certain neuronal circuitry pathways through complex molecular cascades. The present article also discusses the implications of cannabinoid receptors (CB1 and CB2) as well as cannabinoid enzymes (FAAH and MAGL) modulators in AD. Specifically, CBR1 or CB2R modulations result in reduced inflammatory cytokines such as IL-2 and IL-6, as well as a reduction in microglial activation, which contribute to an inflammatory response in neurons. Furthermore, naturally occurring cannabinoid metabolic enzymes (FAAH and MAGL) inhibit the NLRP3 inflammasome complex, which may offer significant neuroprotection. In this review, we explored the multi-targeted neuroprotective properties of phytocannabinoids and their possible modulations, which could offer significant benefits in limiting AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit S Rathod
- Department of Pharmacy, R.C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, Dist. Dhule, 425405, Maharashtra, India
- Shri Vile Parle Kelavani Mandal's, Institute of Pharmacy, Dhule, Dist. Dhule, 424001, Maharashtra, India
| | - Yogeeta O Agrawal
- Department of Pharmacy, R.C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, Dist. Dhule, 425405, Maharashtra, India
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Arabnezhad MR, Haghani F, Ghaffarian-Bahraman A, Jafarzadeh E, Mohammadi H, Yadegari JG, Farkhondeh T, Aschner M, Darroudi M, Marouzi S, Samarghandian S. Involvement of Nrf2 Signaling in Lead-induced Toxicity. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:3529-3549. [PMID: 37221680 DOI: 10.2174/0929867330666230522143341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is used as one of the main protective factors against various pathological processes, as it regulates cells resistant to oxidation. Several studies have extensively explored the relationship between environmental exposure to heavy metals, particularly lead (Pb), and the development of various human diseases. These metals have been reported to be able to, directly and indirectly, induce the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cause oxidative stress in various organs. Since Nrf2 signaling is important in maintaining redox status, it has a dual role depending on the specific biological context. On the one hand, Nrf2 provides a protective mechanism against metal-induced toxicity; on the other hand, it can induce metalinduced carcinogenesis upon prolonged exposure and activation. Therefore, the aim of this review was to summarize the latest knowledge on the functional interrelation between toxic metals, such as Pb and Nrf2 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad-Reza Arabnezhad
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Haghani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Ali Ghaffarian-Bahraman
- Occupational Environment Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Emad Jafarzadeh
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Mohammadi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Javad Ghasemian Yadegari
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Tahereh Farkhondeh
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Majid Darroudi
- Nuclear Medicine Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Somayeh Marouzi
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Saeed Samarghandian
- Healthy Ageing Research Centre, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur 9318614139, Iran
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8
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Diksha, Singh L, Bhatia D. Mechanistic interplay of different mediators involved in mediating the anti-depressant effect of isoflavones. Metab Brain Dis 2024; 39:199-215. [PMID: 37855935 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-023-01302-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Depression is one of the most prevalent severe CNS disorders, which negatively affects social lives, the ability to work, and the health of people. As per the World Health Organisation (WHO), it is a psychological disorder that is estimated to be a leading disease by 2030. Clinically, various medicines have been formulated to treat depression but they are having a setback due to their side effects, slow action, or poor bioavailability. Nowadays, flavonoids are regarded as an essential component in a variety of nutraceutical, pharmaceutical and medicinal. Isoflavones are a distinctive and important subclass of flavonoids that are generally obtained from soybean, chickpeas, and red clover. The molecules of this class have been extensively explored in various CNS disorders including depression and anxiety. Isoflavones such as genistein, daidzein, biochanin-A, formononetin, and glycitein have been reported to exert an anti-depressant effect through the modulation of different mediators. Fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) mediated depletion of anandamide and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis-mediated modulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), monoamine oxidase (MAO) mediated depletion of biogenic amines and inflammatory signaling are the important underlying pathways leading to depression. Upregulation in the levels of BDNF, anandamide, antioxidants and monoamines, along with inhibition of MAO, FAAH, HPA axis, and inflammatory stress are the major modulations produced by different isoflavones in the observed anti-depressant effect. Therefore, the present review has been designed to explore the mechanistic interplay of various mediators involved in mediating the anti-depressant action of different isoflavones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diksha
- University Institute of Pharma Sciences, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Lovedeep Singh
- University Institute of Pharma Sciences, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, India.
| | - Deepika Bhatia
- University Institute of Pharma Sciences, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, India
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Anuranjana P, Beegum F, K.P D, George KT, Viswanatha G, Nayak PG, Kanwal A, Kishore A, Shenoy RR, Nandakumar K. Mechanisms Behind the Pharmacological Application of Biochanin-A: A review. F1000Res 2023; 12:107. [PMID: 38106650 PMCID: PMC10725524 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.126059.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
This review was aimed at summarizing the cellular and molecular mechanisms behind the various pharmacological actions of biochanin-A. Many studies have been reported claiming its application in cancers, metabolic disorders, airway hyperresponsiveness, cardiac disorders, neurological disorders, etc. With regard to hormone-dependent cancers like breast, prostate, and other malignancies like pancreatic, colon, lung, osteosarcoma, glioma that has limited treatment options, biochanin-A revealed agreeable results in arresting cancer development. Biochanin-A has also shown therapeutic benefits when administered for neurological disorders, diabetes, hyperlipidaemia, and other chronic diseases/disorders. Isoflavones are considered phenomenal due to their high efficiency in modifying the physiological functions of the human body. Biochanin-A is one among the prominent isoflavones found in soy (glycine max), red clover (Trifolium pratense), and alfalfa sprouts, etc., with proven potency in modulating vital cellular mechanisms in various diseases. It has been popular for ages among menopausal women in controlling symptoms. In view of the multi-targeted functions of biochanin-A, it is essential to summarize it's mechanism of action in various disorders. The safety and efficacy of biochanin-A needs to be established in clinical trials involving human subjects. Biochanin-A might be able to modify various systems of the human body like the cardiovascular system, CNS, respiratory system, etc. It has shown a remarkable effect on hormonal cancers and other cancers. Many types of research on biochanin-A, particularly in breast, lung, colon, prostate, and pancreatic cancers, have shown a positive impact. Through modulating oxidative stress, SIRT-1 expression, PPAR gamma receptors, and other multiple mechanisms biochanin-A produces anti-diabetic action. The diverse molecular mechanistic pathways involved in the pharmacological ability of biochanin-A indicate that it is a very promising molecule and can play a major impact in modifying several physiological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- P.V. Anuranjana
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Fathima Beegum
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Divya K.P
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Krupa Thankam George
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | | | - Pawan G. Nayak
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Abhinav Kanwal
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Anoop Kishore
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Rekha R. Shenoy
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - K. Nandakumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
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10
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Tang J, Yan B, Tang Y, Zhou X, Ji Z, Xu F. Baicalein ameliorates oxidative stress and brain injury after intracerebral hemorrhage by activating the Nrf2/ARE pathway via miR-106a-5p/PHLPP2 axis. Int J Neurosci 2023; 133:1380-1393. [PMID: 35612366 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2022.2080676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a devastating stroke subtype. Baicalein (BAI) has been reported to be effective in ischemic stroke. The aim of the present study was to investigate the mechanism of BAI on brain injury after ICH. Firstly, ICH mouse models were established by injecting collagenase into the right of basal ganglia, followed by detection of neurobehavioral scores, brain edema, oxidative stress (OS) level, neuronal apoptosis and pathological changes. Average neurologic scores, brain water content, and blood-brain barrier permeability and MDA level in ICH mice were reduced after BAI treatment, while serum SOD and GSH-Px levels were increased and neuronal apoptosis and pathological injury of the brain tissues were mitigated. miR-106a-5p downregulation averted the effect of BAI on ICH mice. miR-106a-5p targeted PHLPP2 and PHLPP2 overexpression reversed the effect of BAI on ICH mice. BAI activated the Nrf2/ARE pathway by inhibiting PHLPP2 expression. In conclusion, BAI inhibited OS and protected against brain injury after ICH by activating the Nrf2/ARE pathway through the miR-106a-5p/PHLPP2 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jilei Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People'Hospital of Xuzhou, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bingchao Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People'Hospital of Xuzhou, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yangyang Tang
- Department of Nursing Basic Medicine Teaching and Research Section, Jiangsu Provincial Xuzhou Pharmaceutical Vocational College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Xuzhou College of Industrial Technolog, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ziteng Ji
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People'Hospital of Xuzhou, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People'Hospital of Xuzhou, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Tripathi S, Parmar D, Fathima S, Raval S, Singh G. Coenzyme Q10, Biochanin A and Phloretin Attenuate Cr(VI)-Induced Oxidative Stress and DNA Damage by Stimulating Nrf2/HO-1 Pathway in the Experimental Model. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023; 201:2427-2441. [PMID: 35953644 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03358-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] has emerged as a prevailing environmental and occupational contaminant over the past few decades. However, the knowledge is sparse regarding Cr(VI)-induced neurological aberrations, and its remediation through natural bioactive compounds has not been fully explored. This study intended to probe the possible invigorative effects of nutraceuticals such as coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), biochanin A (BCA), and phloretin (PHL) on Cr(VI) intoxicated Swiss albino mice with special emphasis on Nrf2/HO-1/NQO1 gene expressions. Mice received potassium dichromate (75 ppm) through drinking water and were simultaneously co-treated intraperitoneally with CoQ10 (10 mg/kg), BCA, and PHL (50 mg/kg) each for 30-day treatment period. The statistics highlight the elevated levels of lipid peroxidation (LPO) and protein carbonyl content (PCC) with a concomitant reduction in the superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), reduced glutathione (GSH), total thiols (TT), catalase (CAT), and cholinesterase activities in the Cr(VI)-exposed mice. The collateral assessment of DNA fragmentation, DNA breakages, and induced histological alterations was in conformity with the above findings in conjugation with the dysregulation in the Nrf2 and associated downstream HO-1 and NQO1 gene expressions. Co-treatment with the selected natural compounds reversed the above-altered parameters significantly, thereby bringing cellular homeostasis in alleviating the Cr(VI)-induced conciliated impairments. Our study demonstrated that the combination of different bioactive compounds shields the brain better against Cr(VI)-induced neurotoxicity by revoking the oxidative stress-associated manifestations. These compounds may represent a new potential combination therapy due to their ability to modulate the cellular antioxidant responses by upregulating the Nrf2/HO-1/NQO1 signaling pathway against Cr(VI)-exposed population. HIGHLIGHTS: Cr(VI)-associated heavy metal exposure poses a significant threat to the environment, especially to living organisms. Cr(VI) exposure for 30 days resulted in the free radical's generation that caused neurotoxicity in the Swiss albino mice. Natural compounds such as coenzyme Q10, biochanin A, and phloretin counteracted the neurotoxic effect due to Cr(VI) exposure in scavenging of free radicals by enhancing Nrf2/HO-1/NQO1 gene expressions in maintaining the cellular homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swapnil Tripathi
- Toxicology Department, ICMR-National Institute of Occupational Health, Ahmedabad, 380016, India
- Department of Biochemistry & Forensic Science, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, 380009, India
| | - Dharati Parmar
- Toxicology Department, ICMR-National Institute of Occupational Health, Ahmedabad, 380016, India
| | - Shabrin Fathima
- Toxicology Department, ICMR-National Institute of Occupational Health, Ahmedabad, 380016, India
| | - Samir Raval
- College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Kamdhenu University, Sardarkrushinagar, 385506, India
| | - Gyanendra Singh
- Toxicology Department, ICMR-National Institute of Occupational Health, Ahmedabad, 380016, India.
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Gao X, Chen F, Xu X, Liu J, Dong F, Liu Y. Ro25-6981 alleviates neuronal damage and improves cognitive deficits by attenuating oxidative stress via the Nrf2/ARE pathway in ischemia/reperfusion rats. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2023; 32:106971. [PMID: 36586245 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2022.106971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Oxidative stress plays a crucial role in the initiation and progression of cerebral ischemia‒reperfusion injury (CIRI). Therefore, ameliorating oxidative damage is considered to be a beneficial strategy for the treatment of CIRI. NMDAR NR2B subunit antagonists have been reported to be beneficial for synaptic plasticity, neuropathic pain, epilepsy, and cerebral ischemia. However, it remains unclear whether the NR2B subunit antagonist Ro25-6981 has any effect on CIRI. METHODS In this study, the Morris water maze test and passive avoidance test were used to detect spatial learning and memory. Neuronal loss was measured by Nissl staining. The expression of NSE was assayed by immunohistochemistry. The activities of MDA, 8-OHdG, SOD, GSH-Px, GST and CAT were detected by assay kits. Real-time PCR was used to detect the mRNA levels of hippocampal SOD, GSH-Px and HO-1. Western blotting was used to measure the activation of the Nrf2/ARE pathway by Ro25-6981. RESULTS Ro25-6981 ameliorated cognitive deficits and neuronal damage induced by ischemia‒reperfusion (I/R). Neuronal injury was decreased and the expression of NSE was increased in the CA1 regions of the hippocampus of I/R rats after Ro25-6981 treatment. Moreover, Ro25-6981 alleviated the levels of MDA and 8-OHdG by elevating the activities of SOD, GSH-Px, GST and CAT. Meanwhile, the mRNA levels of SOD, GSH-Px and HO-1 were increased in I/R rats after Ro25-6981 treatment. Furthermore, Ro25-6981 promoted the translocation of Nrf2 to the nucleus, promoting the expression of the Nrf2 downstream genes HO-1 and NQO1. CONCLUSION The present study indicated that the improvement in the antioxidant properties of Ro25-6981 is mediated by the Nrf2/ARE pathway. This is the first study to demonstrate a favorable effect of Ro25-6981 on cognitive impairment in a CIRI rat model, rendering this NR2B subunit antagonist a promising agent for the treatment or prevention of CIRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuxian Gao
- Department of Neurology, The First People's Hospital of Jiujiang, 48 Taling South Road, Jiujiang, Jiangxi Province 332000, China
| | - Fei Chen
- The First Clinical College, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province 221004, China
| | - Xinqi Xu
- The First Clinical College, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province 221004, China
| | - Jinfeng Liu
- School of Life Science, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province 221004, China
| | - Fuxing Dong
- Public Experimental Research Center, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province 221004, China
| | - Yaping Liu
- Laboratory of National Experimental Teaching and Demonstration Center of Basic Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province 221004, China.
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El-Sayed RM, Fawzy MN, Zaki HF, Abd El-Haleim EA. Neuroprotection impact of biochanin A against pentylenetetrazol-kindled mice: Targeting NLRP3 inflammasome/TXNIP pathway and autophagy modulation. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 115:109711. [PMID: 36640710 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Recurrent seizures characterize epilepsy, a complicated and multifaceted neurological disease. Several neurological alterations, such as cell death and the growth of gorse fibers, have been linked to epilepsy. The dentate gyrus of the hippocampus is particularly vulnerable to neuronal loss and abnormal neuroplastic changes in the pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) kindling model. Biochanin A has potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, according to previous evidence and its possible impact in epilepsy has never previously been claimed. The current work aimed to investigate biochanin A's anti-epileptic potential in PTZ-induced kindling model in mice. Chronic epilepsy was established in mice by giving PTZ (35 mg/kg, i.p) every other day for 21 days. Biochanin A (20 mg/kg) was given daily till the end of the experiment. Biochanin A pretreatment significantly reduced the severity of epileptogenesis by 51.7% and downregulated the histological changes in the CA3 region of the hippocampus by 42% along with displaying antioxidant/anti-inflammatory efficacy through upregulated hemeoxygenase-1 (HO-1) and, erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) levels in the brain by 1.9-fold and 2-fold respectively, parallel to reduction of malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and L-glutamate/IL-1β/TXNIB/NLRP3 axis. Moreover, biochanin A suppressed neuronal damage by reducing the astrocytes' activation and significantly attenuated the PTZ-induced increase in LC3 levels by 55.5%. Furthermore, molecular docking findings revealed that BIOCHANIN A has a higher affinity for phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3k), threonine kinase2 (AKT2), and mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) indicating the neuroprotective and anti-epileptic characteristics of biochanin A in the brain tissue of PTZ-kindled mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehab M El-Sayed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University, El-Arish, Egypt
| | - Mohamed N Fawzy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University, El-Arish, Egypt.
| | - Hala F Zaki
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Enas A Abd El-Haleim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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14
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Li W, Yang X, Ding M, Shi W, Huang Y, An Q, Qi Z, Zhao Y. Zinc accumulation aggravates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by promoting inflammation. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1065873. [PMID: 36970418 PMCID: PMC10030816 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1065873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracellular zinc accumulation has been shown to be associated with neuronal death after cerebral ischemia. However, the mechanism of zinc accumulation leading to neuronal death in ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) is still unclear. Intracellular zinc signals are required for the production of proinflammatory cytokines. The present study investigated whether intracellular accumulated zinc aggravates I/R injury through inflammatory response, and inflammation-mediated neuronal apoptosis. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with vehicle or zinc chelator TPEN 15 mg/kg before a 90-min middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). The expressions of proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, NF-κB p65, and NF-κB inhibitory protein IκB-α, as well as anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 were assessed at 6 or 24 h after reperfusion. Our results demonstrated that the expression of TNF-α, IL-6, and NF-κB p65 increased after reperfusion, while the expression of IκB-α and IL-10 decreased, suggesting that cerebral ischemia triggers inflammatory response. Furthermore, TNF-α, NF-κB p65, and IL-10 were all colocalized with the neuron-specific nuclear protein (NeuN), suggesting that the ischemia-induced inflammatory response occurs in neurons. Moreover, TNF-α was also colocalized with the zinc-specific dyes Newport Green (NG), suggesting that intracellular accumulated zinc might be associated with neuronal inflammation following cerebral I/R. Chelating zinc with TPEN reversed the expression of TNF-α, NF-κB p65, IκB-α, IL-6, and IL-10 in ischemic rats. Besides, IL-6-positive cells were colocalized with TUNEL-positive cells in the ischemic penumbra of MCAO rats at 24 h after reperfusion, indicating that zinc accumulation following I/R might induce inflammation and inflammation-associated neuronal apoptosis. Taken together, this study demonstrates that excessive zinc activates inflammation and that the brain injury caused by zinc accumulation is at least partially due to specific neuronal apoptosis induced by inflammation, which may provide an important mechanism of cerebral I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Diseases Research, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Geriatric Medical Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xueqi Yang
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Diseases Research, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Geriatric Medical Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Mao Ding
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Diseases Research, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjuan Shi
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Diseases Research, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Geriatric Medical Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yuyou Huang
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Diseases Research, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qi An
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Diseases Research, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Geriatric Medical Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Zhifeng Qi
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Diseases Research, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Geriatric Medical Research Center, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Zhifeng Qi Yongmei Zhao
| | - Yongmei Zhao
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Diseases Research, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Geriatric Medical Research Center, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Zhifeng Qi Yongmei Zhao
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15
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Nrf2 Regulates Oxidative Stress and Its Role in Cerebral Ischemic Stroke. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11122377. [PMID: 36552584 PMCID: PMC9774301 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11122377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral ischemic stroke is characterized by acute ischemia in a certain part of the brain, which leads to brain cells necrosis, apoptosis, ferroptosis, pyroptosis, etc. At present, there are limited effective clinical treatments for cerebral ischemic stroke, and the recovery of cerebral blood circulation will lead to cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI). Cerebral ischemic stroke involves many pathological processes such as oxidative stress, inflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), as one of the most critical antioxidant transcription factors in cells, can coordinate various cytoprotective factors to inhibit oxidative stress. Targeting Nrf2 is considered as a potential strategy to prevent and treat cerebral ischemia injury. During cerebral ischemia, Nrf2 participates in signaling pathways such as Keap1, PI3K/AKT, MAPK, NF-κB, and HO-1, and then alleviates cerebral ischemia injury or CIRI by inhibiting oxidative stress, anti-inflammation, maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis, protecting the blood-brain barrier, and inhibiting ferroptosis. In this review, we have discussed the structure of Nrf2, the mechanisms of Nrf2 in cerebral ischemic stroke, the related research on the treatment of cerebral ischemia through the Nrf2 signaling pathway in recent years, and expounded the important role and future potential of the Nrf2 pathway in cerebral ischemic stroke.
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16
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Zada W, VanRyzin JW, Perez-Pouchoulen M, Baglot SL, Hill MN, Abbas G, Clark SM, Rashid U, McCarthy MM, Mannan A. Fatty acid amide hydrolase inhibition and N-arachidonoylethanolamine modulation by isoflavonoids: A novel target for upcoming antidepressants. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2022; 10:e00999. [PMID: 36029006 PMCID: PMC9418665 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Modulation of the endocannabinoid system (ECS) is a novel putative target for therapeutic intervention in depressive disorders. Altering concentrations of one of the principal endocannabinoids, N‐arachidonoylethanolamine, also known as anandamide (AEA) can affect depressive‐like behaviors through several mechanisms including anti‐inflammatory, hormonal, and neural circuit alterations. Recently, isoflavonoids, a class of plant‐derived compounds, have been of therapeutic interest given their ability to modulate the metabolism of the endogenous ligands of the ECS. To determine the therapeutic potential of isoflavonoids, we screened several candidate compounds (Genistein, Biochanin‐A, and 7‐hydroxyflavone) in silico to determine their binding properties with fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), the primary degrative enzyme for AEA. We further validated the ability of these compounds to inhibit FAAH and determined their effects on depressive‐like and locomotor behaviors in the forced swim test (FST) and open field test in male and female mice. We found that while genistein was the most potent FAAH inhibitor, 7‐hydroxyflavone was most effective at reducing immobility time in the forced swim test. Finally, we measured blood corticosterone and prefrontal cortex AEA concentrations following the forced swim test and found that all tested compounds decreased corticosterone and increased AEA, demonstrating that isoflavonoids are promising therapeutic targets as FAAH inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wahid Zada
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jonathan W VanRyzin
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Miguel Perez-Pouchoulen
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Samantha L Baglot
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Mathison Center for Mental Health Research and Education, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Matthew N Hill
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Mathison Center for Mental Health Research and Education, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy & Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ghulam Abbas
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Sarah M Clark
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Umer Rashid
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Margaret M McCarthy
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Abdul Mannan
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
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17
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Therapeutic Potential and Mechanisms of Novel Simple O-Substituted Isoflavones against Cerebral Ischemia Reperfusion. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810394. [PMID: 36142301 PMCID: PMC9498989 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Isoflavones have been widely studied and have attracted extensive attention in fields ranging from chemotaxonomy and plant physiology to human nutrition and medicine. Isoflavones are often divided into three subgroups: simple O-substituted derivatives, prenylated derivatives, and glycosides. Simple O-substituted isoflavones and their glycosides, such as daidzein (daidzin), genistein (genistin), glycitein (glycitin), biochanin A (astroside), and formononetin (ononin), are the most common ingredients in legumes and are considered as phytoestrogens for daily dietary hormone replacement therapy due to their structural similarity to 17-β-estradiol. On the basis of the known estrogen-like potency, these above isoflavones possess multiple pharmacological activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, anti-angiogenetic, hepatoprotective, antidiabetic, antilipidemic, anti-osteoporotic, and neuroprotective activities. However, there are very few review studies on the protective effects of these novel isoflavones and their related compounds in cerebral ischemia reperfusion. This review primarily focuses on the biosynthesis, metabolism, and neuroprotective mechanism of these aforementioned novel isoflavones in cerebral ischemia reperfusion. From these published works in in vitro and in vivo studies, simple O-substituted isoflavones could serve as promising therapeutic compounds for the prevention and treatment of cerebral ischemia reperfusion via their estrogenic receptor properties and neuron-modulatory, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic effects. The detailed mechanism of the protective effects of simple O-substituted isoflavones against cerebral ischemia reperfusion might be related to the PI3K/AKT/ERK/mTOR or GSK-3β pathway, eNOS/Keap1/Nrf-2/HO-1 pathway, TLRs/TIRAP/MyD88/NFκ-B pathway, and Bcl-2-regulated anti-apoptotic pathway. However, clinical trials are needed to verify their potential on cerebral ischemia reperfusion because past studies were conducted with rodents and prophylactic administration.
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18
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Sadrkhanloo M, Entezari M, Orouei S, Zabolian A, Mirzaie A, Maghsoudloo A, Raesi R, Asadi N, Hashemi M, Zarrabi A, Khan H, Mirzaei S, Samarghandian S. Targeting Nrf2 in ischemia-reperfusion alleviation: From signaling networks to therapeutic targeting. Life Sci 2022; 300:120561. [PMID: 35460707 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a master regulator of redox balance and it responds to various cell stresses that oxidative stress is the most well-known one. The Nrf2 should undergo nuclear translocation to exert its protective impacts and decrease ROS production. On the other hand, ischemic/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a pathological event resulting from low blood flow to an organ and followed by reperfusion. The I/R induces cell injury and organ dysfunction. The present review focuses on Nrf2 function in alleviation of I/R injury. Stimulating of Nrf2 signaling ameliorates I/R injury in various organs including lung, liver, brain, testis and heart. The Nrf2 enhances activity of antioxidant enzymes to reduce ROS production and prevent oxidative stress-mediated cell death. Besides, Nrf2 reduces inflammation via decreasing levels of pro-inflammatory factors including IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α. Nrf2 signaling is beneficial in preventing apoptosis and increasing cell viability. Nrf2 induces autophagy to prevent apoptosis during I/R injury. Furthermore, it can interact with other molecular pathways including PI3K/Akt, NF-κB, miRNAs, lncRNAs and GSK-3β among others, to ameliorate I/R injury. The therapeutic agents, most of them are phytochemicals such as resveratrol, berberine and curcumin, induce Nrf2 signaling in I/R injury alleviation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maliheh Entezari
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Sima Orouei
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Zabolian
- Resident of Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, 5th Azar Hospital, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Golestan, Iran.
| | - Amirreza Mirzaie
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Iran
| | - Amin Maghsoudloo
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Iran
| | - Rasoul Raesi
- Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Neda Asadi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Hashemi
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istinye University, Sariyer, Istanbul 34396, Turkey.
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, 23200, Pakistan
| | - Sepideh Mirzaei
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Saeed Samarghandian
- Healthy Ageing Research Centre, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran.
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Hou Y, Zhao W, Yu H, Zhang F, Zhang HT, Zhou Y. Biochanin A alleviates cognitive impairment and hippocampal mitochondrial damage in ovariectomized APP/PS1 mice. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 100:154056. [PMID: 35338989 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Estrogen deficiency leads to mitochondrial defects that precede Alzheimer's disease (AD)-associated pathological changes in a postmenopausal mouse model. Biochanin A (BCA) is a phytoestrogen isolated from Trifolium pratense L. used to relieve postmenopausal problems in women. In previous work, we observed that oral BCA treatment led to neuroprotection in an ovariectomized rat model. The objective of this study was to investigate whether and how BCA protects against hippocampal mitochondrial damage in a postmenopausal model of AD. METHOD APP/PS1 mice underwent bilateral ovariectomy and then, seven days later, received oral BCA at 20 or 40 mg/kg, or oral estradiol at 0.5 mg/kg, daily for 90 days. Sham animals were not ovariectomized and received no additional treatments. Cognitive function was examined using the passive avoidance task, novel object recognition test, and Morris water maze test. The level of circulating estrogen in vivo was assessed indirectly by measuring the wet weight of the uterus. We detected Aβ deposition and PGC-1α in brain by immunohistochemistry; p62, by immunofluorescence; and ERα, ERβ, PGC-1α, NRF1, mtTFA, Drp1, OPA1, Mfn2, Beclin1, LC3B, Pink1, and Parkin by immunoblotting. RESULTS BCA treatment rescued cognitive decline and reduced Aβ deposition and BACE1 expression in the hippocampus of ovariectomized APP/PS1 mice. BCA reversed the imbalance of mitochondrial dynamics caused by ovariectomy by increasing the expression of phospho-Drp1 (ser637), OPA1, and Mfn2. BCA reversed abnormal mitophagy induced by ovariectomy by increasing the expression of Beclin1, LC3B, Pink1, and Parkin, as well as by reducing the expression of p62. CONCLUSIONS BCA treatment enhances learning and memory abilities and alleviates AD symptoms in a postmenopausal model of AD. A possible mechanism is that BCA rescues the reduction of mitochondrial biogenesis, imbalance of mitochondrial dynamics, and abnormal mitophagy caused by ovariectomy. This study supports further research on BCA to develop treatments for postmenopausal women with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Hou
- Institute of Pharmacology, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 619 Changcheng Street, Daiyue district, Taian 271021, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Institute of Pharmacology, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 619 Changcheng Street, Daiyue district, Taian 271021, China
| | - Haiyang Yu
- Institute of Pharmacology, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 619 Changcheng Street, Daiyue district, Taian 271021, China
| | - Fangfang Zhang
- Institute of Pharmacology, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 619 Changcheng Street, Daiyue district, Taian 271021, China
| | - Han-Ting Zhang
- Institute of Pharmacology, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 619 Changcheng Street, Daiyue district, Taian 271021, China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, No. 16, Jiangsu Road, Shinan District, Qingdao 266011, China.
| | - Yanmeng Zhou
- Institute of Pharmacology, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 619 Changcheng Street, Daiyue district, Taian 271021, China.
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20
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Zhao T, Lu H, Li M, Yan Q, Gu J, Liu L. Neuroprotective mechanism of crocin via PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway after cerebral infarction: an in vitro study. Am J Transl Res 2022; 14:3164-3171. [PMID: 35702067 PMCID: PMC9185057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore the potential neuroprotective mechanism of crocin after cerebral infarction. METHODS The murine hippocampal neuronal cell line HT-22, was used as the study model, with a control group, OGD-group, low-dose crocin group, middle-dose crocin group, and high-dose crocin group. Except for the control-group, cells in the other groups were treated with OGD for 6 h, in which 1 μg/mL, 2 μg/mL and 5 μg/mL of crocin were added in low-dose group, medium-dose group and high-dose group, respectively. Subsequently, the OGD cells were cultured for another 6 h. CCK-8 assay was carried out to detect the cell viability of each group, flow cytometry was used to detect cell apoptosis, immunofluorescence was conducted to detect the expression of reactive oxygen species, and Western Blot was performed to detect the protein expression of p-PI3K, p-Akt, p-mTOR, LC-3 I, LC-3 II, and Beclin-1. RESULTS After hypoxia-reoxygenation treatment, the viability of HT22 cells was remarkably decreased, the apoptosis rate and expression of ROS were significantly increased, the protein expression of p-PI3K, p-Akt and p-mTOR were reduced, while the expression of LC-3 II/I and Beclin-1 were increased. After crocin treatment, the activity of hypoxic reoxygenated cells increased, the apoptosis rate decreased, the expression of reactive oxygen species dropped, the protein expression of p-PI3K, p-Akt and p-mTOR increased, and the expression of LC-3 II/I and Beclin-1 decreased. CONCLUSION At the cellular level, crocin can inhibit autophagy by activating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, and reduce the level of oxidative stress, thus playing a neuroprotective role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Cangzhou Central Hospital Cangzhou 061000, Hebei, China
| | - Hui Lu
- Department of Neurology, Cangzhou Central Hospital Cangzhou 061000, Hebei, China
| | - Meng Li
- Department of Neurology, Cangzhou Central Hospital Cangzhou 061000, Hebei, China
| | - Qiuyue Yan
- Department of Neurology, Cangzhou Central Hospital Cangzhou 061000, Hebei, China
| | - Juxian Gu
- Department of Neurology, Cangzhou Central Hospital Cangzhou 061000, Hebei, China
| | - Lige Liu
- Department of Neurology, Cangzhou Central Hospital Cangzhou 061000, Hebei, China
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21
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The Signaling Pathways and Targets of Natural Compounds from Traditional Chinese Medicine in Treating Ischemic Stroke. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27103099. [PMID: 35630576 PMCID: PMC9148018 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke (IS) is a common neurological disorder associated with high disability rates and mortality rates. At present, recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (r-tPA) is the only US(FDA)-approved drug for IS. However, due to the narrow therapeutic window and risk of intracerebral hemorrhage, r-tPA is currently used in less than 5% of stroke patients. Natural compounds have been widely used in the treatment of IS in China and have a wide range of therapeutic effects on IS by regulating multiple targets and signaling pathways. The keywords "ischemia stroke, traditional Chinese Medicine, Chinese herbal medicine, natural compounds" were used to search the relevant literature in PubMed and other databases over the past five years. The results showed that JAK/STAT, NF-κB, MAPK, Notch, Nrf2, and PI3K/Akt are the key pathways, and SIRT1, MMP9, TLR4, HIF-α are the key targets for the natural compounds from traditional Chinese medicine in treating IS. This study aims to update and summarize the signaling pathways and targets of natural compounds in the treatment of IS, and provide a base of information for the future development of effective treatments for IS.
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22
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Felix FB, Vago JP, Beltrami VA, Araújo JMD, Grespan R, Teixeira MM, Pinho V. Biochanin A as a modulator of the inflammatory response: an updated overview and therapeutic potential. Pharmacol Res 2022; 180:106246. [PMID: 35562014 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Uncontrolled inflammation and failure to resolve the inflammatory response are crucial factors involved in the progress of inflammatory diseases. Current therapeutic strategies aimed at controlling excessive inflammation are effective in some cases, though they may be accompanied by severe side effects, such as immunosuppression. Phytochemicals as a therapeutic alternative can have a fundamental impact on the different stages of inflammation and its resolution. Biochanin A (BCA) is an isoflavone known for its wide range of pharmacological properties, especially its marked anti-inflammatory effects. Recent studies have provided evidence of BCA's abilities to activate events essential for resolving inflammation. In this review, we summarize the most recent findings from pre-clinical studies of the pharmacological effects of BCA on the complex signaling network associated with the onset and resolution of inflammation and BCA's potential protective functionality in several models of inflammatory diseases, such as arthritis, pulmonary disease, neuroinflammation, and metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franciel Batista Felix
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Juliana Priscila Vago
- Experimental Rheumatology, Department of Rheumatology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Vinícius Amorim Beltrami
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Renata Grespan
- Cell Migration Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristovão, Brazil
| | - Mauro Martins Teixeira
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Pinho
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
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Ram C, Gairola S, Syed AM, Kulhari U, Kundu S, Mugale MN, Murty US, Sahu BD. Biochanin A alleviates unilateral ureteral obstruction-induced renal interstitial fibrosis and inflammation by inhibiting the TGF-β1/Smad2/3 and NF-kB/NLRP3 signaling axis in mice. Life Sci 2022; 298:120527. [PMID: 35378138 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Tubulointerstitial fibrosis, a frequent complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major public health issue. Biochanin A (BCA), an isoflavone, has numerous pharmacological activities. However, its effect on renal fibrosis and underlying molecular mechanism has not yet been clarified. This study explored the effect of BCA on renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis and inflammation in mice. MAIN METHODS The mouse model of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) in vivo and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 activated renal fibroblast (NRK 49F) cells in vitro model were used to assess the antifibrotic effect of BCA. Biochemical analysis, histopathology, western blotting, and immunofluorescent staining methods were performed to elucidate the mechanism of BCA. KEY FINDINGS In vitro, BCA suppressed the expression of fibrogenic proteins in TGF-β1-activated renal fibroblasts. The treatment with BCA displayed less tubular injury, prevented the aberrant accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) components, and inhibited the TGF-β1/Smad2/3 signaling axis in the kidneys. Furthermore, BCA impeded the phosphorylation of NF-kB(p65) and blunted the expression of inflammatory genes in the obstructed kidneys. The UUO induced expressions of nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3), active caspase 1, interleukin(IL)-18, and IL-1β proteins were decreased in the BCA treated groups. We also found the increased expression of redox-sensitive nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) proteins in BCA treated groups compared to the UUO control. SIGNIFICANCE These findings indicate that BCA has a therapeutic benefit against renal fibrosis, and the ameliorative effect is mediated via inhibiting the TGF-β1/Smad2/3 and NF-kB/NLRP3 signaling axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chetan Ram
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Changsari PIN-781101, Assam, India
| | - Shobhit Gairola
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Changsari PIN-781101, Assam, India
| | - Abu Mohammad Syed
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Changsari PIN-781101, Assam, India
| | - Uttam Kulhari
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Changsari PIN-781101, Assam, India
| | - Sourav Kundu
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Changsari PIN-781101, Assam, India
| | - Madhav Nilakanth Mugale
- Toxicology & Experimental Medicine, CSIR- Central Drug Research Institute (CDRI), Lucknow 226 031, India
| | | | - Bidya Dhar Sahu
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Changsari PIN-781101, Assam, India.
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Cui Y, Liu M, Zuo L, Wang H, Liu J. Fraxetin protects rat brains from the cerebral stroke via promoting angiogenesis and activating PI3K/Akt pathway. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2022; 44:400-409. [PMID: 35285387 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2022.2052893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuhuan Cui
- Geriatric Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Northern University & Hebei Northern University
| | - Meihong Liu
- Geriatric Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Northern University & Hebei Northern University
| | - Li Zuo
- Geriatric Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Northern University & Hebei Northern University
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Department of Oncology, the 982th Hospital of the Joint Logistics Support Unit of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of North China University of Technology
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25
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Iranshahy M, Javadi B, Sahebkar A. Protective effects of functional foods against Parkinson's disease: A narrative review on pharmacology, phytochemistry, and molecular mechanisms. Phytother Res 2022; 36:1952-1989. [PMID: 35244296 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In Persian Medicine (PM), PD (brain-based tremor) is a known CNS disorder with several therapeutic and preventive options. In their medical textbooks and pharmacopeias, Persian great scientists such as Rhazes (854-925 AD), Avicenna (980-1037 AD), and Jorjani (1042-1136 AD), have discussed pharmacological and nutritional strategies for the prevention, slowing progression, and treatment of PD. In the present study, we surveyed plant- and animal-based foods recommended by PM for the prevention and treatment of CNS-related tremors. In vivo and in-vitro pharmacological evidence supporting the beneficial effects of PM-recommended foods in prevention and alleviating PD, major active phytochemicals along with the relevant mechanisms of action were studied. Several PM plants possess potent antioxidant, antiinflammatory, and PD preventing properties. Garlic and allicin, cabbage and isothiocyanates, chickpea seed and its O-methylated isoflavones biochanin A and formononetin, cinnamon, and cinnamaldehyde, saffron and its crocin, crocetin, and safranal, black cumin and its thymoquinone, black pepper and piperine, pistachio and genistein and daidzein, and resveratrol are among the most effective dietary itemsagainst PD. They act through attenuating neurotoxin-induced memory loss and behavioral impairment, oxidative stress, and dopaminergic cell death. PM-recommended foods can help alleviate PD progression and also discovering and developing new neuroprotective anti-PD pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Iranshahy
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Behjat Javadi
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.,Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Min X, Zhao L, Shi Y, Wang J, Lv H, Song X, Zhao Q, Zhao Q, Jing R, Hu J. Gomisin J attenuates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by inducing anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects in rats. Bioengineered 2022; 13:6908-6918. [PMID: 35235758 PMCID: PMC8973623 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2026709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in humans. Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (CIR) injury serves as a leading cause of stroke. Schisandra chinensis is a well-known Chinese traditional medicine. In this study, we explored the role of Gomisin J (GJ), a compound of S. chinensis, in CIR using a middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion rat model and the possible mechanisms. We identified that GJ reduced neurological scores, cerebral infarction, and water content in the I/R rat brain. Importantly, GJ rescued I/R treatment-reduced neuron survival in the hippocampus, inhibited apoptosis of ischemic tissues in I/R rats, increased B-cell lymphoma-extra-large (Bcl-XL) expression, and reduced the levels of cleaved caspase-3, Bax, cyclooxygenase-2, nuclear factor kappa-B, and nitric oxide in I/R rat brain tissues. Furthermore, GJ treatment enhanced nuclear factor E2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) translocation, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities, and glutathione level. Overall, GJ treatment GJ attenuates CIR injury by inducing anti-apoptotic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Min
- Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China.,Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Medicine School, Yunnan Traditional Chinese Medicine University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Linping Zhao
- Yunnan Communications Vocational and Technical College, Institute of International Exchange, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Ying Shi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Medicine School, Yunnan Traditional Chinese Medicine University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Medicine School, Yunnan Traditional Chinese Medicine University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Hongling Lv
- Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Medicine School, Yunnan Traditional Chinese Medicine University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Song
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Public Health School, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Qunyuan Zhao
- Department of Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Qing Zhao
- Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Rui Jing
- Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Jiayi Hu
- Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
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Ge H, Lin W, Lou Z, Chen R, Shi H, Zhao Q, Lin Z. Catalpol alleviates myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury by activating the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. Microvasc Res 2022; 140:104302. [PMID: 34919942 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2021.104302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (MI/RI) is a major problem in the clinical treatment of ischemic cardiomyopathy, and its specific underlying mechanisms are complicated and still unclear. A number of studies have indicated that the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/heme oxidase-1(HO-1) signaling pathway might serve as an important target for the management of MI/RI. Catalpol is a kind of iridoid glucoside that has been found to exhibit diverse anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. This study was aimed at investigating the role of Catalpol in targeting MI/RI and its related mechanisms in an oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) model in vitro and a preclinical ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) model. METHODS This study using both in vitro and in vivo models investigated the possible role and underlying mechanisms used by Catalpol for modulating of MI/RI. The potential effects of Catalpol on the viability of cardiomyocytes were measured by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assays. The phenotypes of myocardial injury, oxidative stress and inflammation markers were measured by western blot, immunofluorescence, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) etc. Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway was detected by immunofluorescence and western blot analysis. RESULTS We found that Catalpol significantly suppressed the process of MI/RI and protected OGD/R-treated cardiomyocytes by inhibiting the various markers of inflammation and suppressing oxidative stress. Additionally, mechanistically it was also demonstrated that Catalpol could effectively activate Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway to suppress the damage caused by inflammation and oxidative stress in MI/RI. CONCLUSION In summary, the findings suggest that Catalpol exerted significant cardioprotective effects following myocardial ischemia, possibly through the activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanwei Ge
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Children's Heart Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Wei Lin
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery. The People's Hospital of Pingyang, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325400, China
| | - Zhiling Lou
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Children's Heart Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China; The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Ruiheng Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Children's Heart Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China; The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Haochun Shi
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Children's Heart Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China; The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Qifeng Zhao
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Children's Heart Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China; The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Zhiyong Lin
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Children's Heart Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China.
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Electrospun Poly(lactide) Fibers as Carriers for Controlled Release of Biochanin A. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14030528. [PMID: 35335904 PMCID: PMC8951644 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14030528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the possibility of using electrospun polylactide (PLA) fibers as a carrier of the phytoestrogen biochanin A. Polylactide fibers were prepared with different contents of biochanin A by using an electrospinning method at specific process parameters. The obtained electrospun polylactide fibers, as carriers of biochanin A, were characterized by means of different methods. The presented results showed that the mechanical properties of PLA have not changed significantly in the presence of biochanin A. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the fine fiber structure is retained without visible deformations and biochanin A crystals on the surface of the fibres. The analysis by infrared spectroscopy showed that there are no strong interactions between polylactide and biochanin A molecules, which is a good prerequisite for the diffusion release of biochanin A from PLA fibers.The release of biochanin A from PLA fibers in buffer solution pH 7.4 at 37 °C was monitored by applying the HPLC method. The rate and time of the release of biochanin A from PLA fibers is in correlation with the amount of the active ingredient in the matrix of the carrier and follows zero-order kinetics. PLA fibers with biochanin A exhibit concentration-dependent activity on proliferation and migration of L929 fibroblasts in direct culture system in vitro, and proved to be suitable for a potential formulation for use in wound healing.
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Lonati E, Carrozzini T, Bruni I, Mena P, Botto L, Cazzaniga E, Del Rio D, Labra M, Palestini P, Bulbarelli A. Coffee-Derived Phenolic Compounds Activate Nrf2 Antioxidant Pathway in I/R Injury In Vitro Model: A Nutritional Approach Preventing Age Related-Damages. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27031049. [PMID: 35164314 PMCID: PMC8839093 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27031049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Age-related injuries are often connected to alterations in redox homeostasis. The imbalance between free radical oxygen species and endogenous antioxidants defenses could be associated with a growing risk of transient ischemic attack and stroke. In this context, a daily supply of dietary antioxidants could counteract oxidative stress occurring during ischemia/reperfusion injury (I/R), preventing brain damage. Here we investigated the potential antioxidant properties of coffee-derived circulating metabolites and a coffee pulp phytoextract, testing their efficacy as ROS scavengers in an in vitro model of ischemia. Indeed, the coffee fruit is an important source of phenolic compounds, such as chlorogenic acids, present both in the brewed seed and in the discarded pulp. Therefore, rat brain endothelial cells, subjected to oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) and recovery (ogR) to mimic reperfusion, were pretreated or not with coffee by-products. The results indicate that, under OGD/ogR, the ROS accumulation was reduced by coffee by-product. Additionally, the coffee extract activated the Nrf2 antioxidant pathway via Erk and Akt kinases phosphorylation, as shown by increased Nrf2 and HO-1 protein levels. The data indicate that the daily intake of coffee by-products as a dietary food supplement represents a potential nutritional strategy to counteract aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Lonati
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (E.L.); (T.C.); (L.B.); (E.C.); (P.P.)
- Bicocca Center of Science and Technology for Food, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy; (I.B.); (M.L.)
| | - Tatiana Carrozzini
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (E.L.); (T.C.); (L.B.); (E.C.); (P.P.)
| | - Ilaria Bruni
- Bicocca Center of Science and Technology for Food, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy; (I.B.); (M.L.)
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Pedro Mena
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy; (P.M.); (D.D.R.)
| | - Laura Botto
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (E.L.); (T.C.); (L.B.); (E.C.); (P.P.)
| | - Emanuela Cazzaniga
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (E.L.); (T.C.); (L.B.); (E.C.); (P.P.)
- Bicocca Center of Science and Technology for Food, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy; (I.B.); (M.L.)
| | - Daniele Del Rio
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy; (P.M.); (D.D.R.)
- School of Advanced Studies on Food and Nutrition, University of Parma, 43121 Parma, Italy
| | - Massimo Labra
- Bicocca Center of Science and Technology for Food, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy; (I.B.); (M.L.)
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Paola Palestini
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (E.L.); (T.C.); (L.B.); (E.C.); (P.P.)
- Bicocca Center of Science and Technology for Food, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy; (I.B.); (M.L.)
| | - Alessandra Bulbarelli
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (E.L.); (T.C.); (L.B.); (E.C.); (P.P.)
- Bicocca Center of Science and Technology for Food, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy; (I.B.); (M.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-026-448-8221
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Chen L, Ma S, Shi M, Wang Q, Miao Y. A new nitronyl nitroxide radical with salicylic acid framework attenuates blood-brain barrier disruption and oxidative stress in a rat model of middle cerebral artery occlusion. Neuroreport 2022; 33:129-136. [PMID: 35139058 PMCID: PMC8812414 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A new nitronyl nitroxide radical with a salicylic acid framework (SANR) has been demonstrated to exert antioxidant effects in the previous study by our team. The current study has assessed the protective effect of SANR on cerebral ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) in rat models. METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: sham, I/R, 10, and 20 mg/kg SANR + I/R groups. A total of 120 min of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) caused cerebral ischemia. Survival rates were calculated, and neurological deficits were evaluated by a blinded experimenter. Cerebral infarct area, apoptosis cells, and blood-brain barrier (BBB) leakage were measured by 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling, and Evans blue assay, respectively. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) also were detected to assess oxidation damage caused by cerebral I/R. RESULTS Treatment with SANR significantly promoted survival of rats with cerebral I/R injury. SANR meliorated neurologic deficit and infarct area, improved BBB permeability, and reduced neuronal apoptosis. SANR also reduced ROS levels and the content of MDA and increased SOD and GSH-Px activity in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, SANR could inhibit the expression of 8-OHdG. CONCLUSION Our results suggested that SANR has a neuroprotective effect against cerebral I/R injury, and its effect mechanism is related to the antioxidant function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- School of Medicine, Xi’an Peihua University
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University
| | - Shanbo Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University
| | - Min Shi
- School of Medicine, Xi’an Peihua University
| | | | - Yi Miao
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Affiliated Children Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
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Amri J, Alaee M, Babaei R, Salemi Z, Meshkani R, Ghazavi A, Akbari A, Salehi M. Biochanin-A has antidiabetic, antihyperlipidemic, antioxidant, and protective effects on diabetic nephropathy via suppression of TGF-β1 and PAR-2 genes expression in kidney tissues of STZ-induced diabetic rats. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2021; 69:2112-2121. [PMID: 34652037 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
One of the major complications of diabetes is diabetic nephropathy, and often many patients suffer from diabetic nephropathy. That is why it is important to find the mechanisms that cause nephropathy and its treatment. This study was designed to examine the antidiabetic effects of biochanin A (BCA) and evaluate its effects on oxidative stress markers and the expression of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and protease-activated receptors-2 (PAR-2) genes in the kidney of type 1 diabetic rats. After induction of diabetes using streptozotocin (STZ), 55 mg/kg bw dose, rats were randomly divided into four groups with six rats in each group as follows: normal group: normal control receiving normal saline and a single dose of citrate buffer daily; diabetic control group: diabetic control receiving 0.5% dimethyl sulfoxide daily; diabetic+BCA (10 mg/kg) group: diabetic rats receiving biochanin A at a dose of 10 mg/kg bw daily; diabetic+BCA (15 mg/kg) group: diabetic rats receiving biochanin A at a dose of 15 mg/kg bw daily. TGF-β1 and PAR-2 gene expression was assessed by real-time. Spectrophotometric methods were used to measure biochemical factors: fast blood glucose (FBG), urea, creatinine, albumin, lipids profiles malondialdehyde (MDA), and superoxide dismutase (SOD). The course of treatment in this study was 42 days. The results showed that in the diabetic control group, FBG, serum urea, creatinine, expression of TGF-β1 and PAR-2 genes, and the levels of MDA in kidney tissue significantly increased and SOD activity in kidney tissue and serum albumin significantly decreased compared to the normal group (p < 0.001). The results showed that administration of biochanin A (10 and 15 mg/kg) after 42 days significantly reduced the expression of TGF-β1 and PAR-2 genes and FBG, urea, creatinine in serum compared to the diabetic control group (p < 0.001), also significantly increased serum albumin compared to the diabetic control group (p < 0.001). The level of MDA and SOD activity in the tissues of diabetic rats that used biochanin A (10 and 15 mg/kg) was significantly reduced and increased, respectively, compared to the diabetic control group (p < 0.001). Also, the result showed that in the diabetic control group lipids profiles significantly is disturbed compared to the normal group (p < 0.001), the results also showed that biochanin A (10 and 15 mg/kg) administration could significantly improved the lipids profile compared to the control diabetic group (p < 0.001). It is noteworthy that it was found that the beneficial effects of the biochanin A were dose dependent. In conclusion, administration of biochanin A for 42 days has beneficial effect and improves diabetes and nephropathy in diabetic rats. So probably biochanin A can be used as an adjunct therapy in the treatment of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamal Amri
- Traditional and Complementary Medicine Research Center, Department of Traditional medicine, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mona Alaee
- Traditional and Complementary Medicine Research Center, Department of Traditional medicine, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.,Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rasool Babaei
- Traditional and Complementary Medicine Research Center, Department of Traditional medicine, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Zahra Salemi
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Reza Meshkani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Ghazavi
- Department of Immunology & Microbiology, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Ahmad Akbari
- Traditional and Complementary Medicine Research Center, Department of Traditional medicine, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Mehdi Salehi
- Traditional and Complementary Medicine Research Center, Department of Traditional medicine, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
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USP38 protein alleviates neuroinflammation of cerebral ischemia–reperfusion injury via KDM5B expression. Mol Cell Toxicol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13273-021-00154-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Rizk S, Taha H, Abdel Moneim AE, Amin HK. Neuroprotective effect of green and roasted coffee bean extracts on cerebral ischemia-induced injury in rats. Metab Brain Dis 2021; 36:1943-1956. [PMID: 34228267 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-021-00769-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is a lethal event with a high incidence in Egypt. Quick early intervention can be lifesaving. Transient global ischemia (TGI), a type of ischemic stroke, is mainly instigated by cardiac arrest. Ischemia followed by reperfusion causes further neuronal cell damage. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the potential apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects of green (GCBE) and roasted (RCBE) coffee bean water extract against transient global ischemia-induced via a bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (CAO) in rats. Before CAO, 1.5 ml/kg body weight/day of GCBE or RCBE was administered for 14 days by oral gavage. Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) and sham groups were treated with a vehicle. Oxidative stress biomarkers and antioxidant enzyme activities, such as MDA, NO, GSH, SOD, CAT, GR, GPx, inflammatory markers TNF-α, IL-1β, and NF-κB, and BDNF were investigated. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis of mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways, in addition to heme oxygenase 1, and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 were determined. Apoptotic markers, including Bcl-2, Bax, and caspase 3, in addition to the vascular endothelial growth factor-a, were investigated, followed by an examination of hippocampal histopathology. Pre-administration of GCBE and RCBE improved neurological function and neuronal survival, suppressed the spread of oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis, and reversed most of the pathological changes. However, green coffee bean extract was more effective than roasted coffee bean extract, perhaps due to the roasting process, which may affect active compounds. In conclusion, GCBE and RCBE represent a potential clinical strategy for pre-ischemic conditioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Rizk
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Heba Taha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed E Abdel Moneim
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Hatem K Amin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
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Yan J, Qiu P, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Mi L, Peng C, Pan X, Peng F. Biochanin A from Chinese Medicine: An Isoflavone with Diverse Pharmacological Properties. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2021; 49:1623-1643. [PMID: 34530697 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x21500750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Biochanin A (BCA) is a dietary isoflavone, isolated from the leaves and stems of Trifolium pratense L and many other herbs of Chinese medicine. Recent findings indicated BCA as a promising drug candidate with diverse bioactive effects. On the purpose of evaluating the possibility of BCA in clinical application, this review is trying to provide a comprehensive summary of the pharmacological actions of BCA. The publications collected from PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Wiley databases were summarized for the last 10 years. Then, the potential therapeutic use of BCA on the treatment of various diseases was discussed according to its pharmacological properties, namely, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, anti-diabetic, and anti-obesity effects as well as neuroprotective, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, and osteoprotective effects. BCA might mainly regulate the MAPK, PI3K, NRF2, and NF-kB pathways, respectively, to exert its bioactive effects. However, the limited definitive targets, poor biological availability, and insufficient safety evaluation might block the clinical application of BCA. This review may provide new insights for the development of BCA in the application of related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Yan
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery, System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced, Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Panda Qiu
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery, System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced, Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery, System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced, Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery, System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced, Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Linjing Mi
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery, System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced, Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqi Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, P. R. China
| | - Fu Peng
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery, System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced, Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
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Farina M, Vieira LE, Buttari B, Profumo E, Saso L. The Nrf2 Pathway in Ischemic Stroke: A Review. Molecules 2021; 26:5001. [PMID: 34443584 PMCID: PMC8399750 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26165001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke, characterized by the sudden loss of blood flow in specific area(s) of the brain, is the leading cause of permanent disability and is among the leading causes of death worldwide. The only approved pharmacological treatment for acute ischemic stroke (intravenous thrombolysis with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator) has significant clinical limitations and does not consider the complex set of events taking place after the onset of ischemic stroke (ischemic cascade), which is characterized by significant pro-oxidative events. The transcription factor Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), which regulates the expression of a great number of antioxidant and/or defense proteins, has been pointed as a potential pharmacological target involved in the mitigation of deleterious oxidative events taking place at the ischemic cascade. This review summarizes studies concerning the protective role of Nrf2 in experimental models of ischemic stroke, emphasizing molecular events resulting from ischemic stroke that are, in parallel, modulated by Nrf2. Considering the acute nature of ischemic stroke, we discuss the challenges in using a putative pharmacological strategy (Nrf2 activator) that relies upon transcription, translation and metabolically active cells in treating ischemic stroke patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Farina
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-900 Florianópolis, Brazil;
| | - Leonardo Eugênio Vieira
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-900 Florianópolis, Brazil;
| | - Brigitta Buttari
- Department of Cardiovascular, Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases, and Aging, Italian National Institute of Health, 00161 Rome, Italy; (B.B.); (E.P.)
| | - Elisabetta Profumo
- Department of Cardiovascular, Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases, and Aging, Italian National Institute of Health, 00161 Rome, Italy; (B.B.); (E.P.)
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “Vittorio Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
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Wu Q, Shang Y, Shen T, Liu F, Zhang W. Biochanin A protects SH-SY5Y cells against isoflurane-induced neurotoxicity by suppressing oxidative stress and apoptosis. Neurotoxicology 2021; 86:10-18. [PMID: 34216683 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2021.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Biochanin A (BCA) is a natural organic O-methylated isoflavone with a variety of pharmacological effects, and has been reported to have neuroprotective properties. Here, we explored whether BCA protects neurocytes against isoflurane-induced neurotoxicity and investigated the underlying mechanism. Cell viability was tested by cell counting kit-8 and lactate dehydrogenase release assays. Apoptosis was evaluated by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) and caspase-3/7 activity assays. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities and levels of glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured to assess oxidative stress. Expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1) was determined by western blotting. Treatment with BCA significantly attenuated the reduction of cell viability induced by isoflurane in SH-SY5Y cells. In addition, BCA treatment reversed isoflurane-induced SOD and CAT activity reduction, GSH level decline and MDA level increase. Isoflurane-induced apoptosis was also attenuated by treatment with BCA. The increase in nuclear Nrf2, HO-1 and NQO1 expression induced by isoflurane was amplified by treatment with BCA. These inhibitory effects of BCA on isoflurane-induced oxidative stress, viability reduction and cell apoptosis were attenuated in Nrf2 knockdown SH-SY5Y cells. Our findings indicate that BCA protects SH-SY5Y cells against isoflurane-induced neurotoxicity via inducing the Nrf2/ARE pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoling Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121000, China
| | - You Shang
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121000, China
| | - Tu Shen
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121000, China.
| | - Feifei Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121000, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121000, China
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Role of Polyphenols as Antioxidant Supplementation in Ischemic Stroke. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:5471347. [PMID: 34257802 PMCID: PMC8253632 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5471347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is the second most common cause of death globally and the leading cause of death in China. The pathogenesis of cerebral ischemia injury is complex, and oxidative stress plays an important role in the fundamental pathologic progression of cerebral damage in ischemic stroke. Previous studies have preliminarily confirmed that oxidative stress should be a potential therapeutic target and antioxidant as a treatment strategy for ischemic stroke. Emerging experimental studies have demonstrated that polyphenols exert the antioxidant potential to play the neuroprotection role after ischemic stroke. This comprehensive review summarizes antioxidant effects of some polyphenols, which have the most inhibition effects on reactive oxygen species generation and oxidative stress after ischemic stroke.
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The Potential Effects of Phytoestrogens: The Role in Neuroprotection. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26102954. [PMID: 34065647 PMCID: PMC8156305 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26102954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytoestrogens are naturally occurring non-steroidal phenolic plant compounds. Their structure is similar to 17-β-estradiol, the main female sex hormone. This review offers a concise summary of the current literature on several potential health benefits of phytoestrogens, mainly their neuroprotective effect. Phytoestrogens lower the risk of menopausal symptoms and osteoporosis, as well as cardiovascular disease. They also reduce the risk of brain disease. The effects of phytoestrogens and their derivatives on cancer are mainly due to the inhibition of estrogen synthesis and metabolism, leading to antiangiogenic, antimetastatic, and epigenetic effects. The brain controls the secretion of estrogen (hypothalamus-pituitary-gonads axis). However, it has not been unequivocally established whether estrogen therapy has a neuroprotective effect on brain function. The neuroprotective effects of phytoestrogens seem to be related to both their antioxidant properties and interaction with the estrogen receptor. The possible effects of phytoestrogens on the thyroid cause some concern; nevertheless, generally, no serious side effects have been reported, and these compounds can be recommended as health-promoting food components or supplements.
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Li F, Xu Y, Li X, Wang X, Yang Z, Li W, Cheng W, Yan G. Triblock Copolymer Nanomicelles Loaded with Curcumin Attenuates Inflammation via Inhibiting the NF-κB Pathway in the Rat Model of Cerebral Ischemia. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:3173-3183. [PMID: 34007172 PMCID: PMC8121676 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s300379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Cerebral ischemic injury is one of the debilitating diseases showing that inflammation plays an important role in worsening ischemic damage. Therefore, studying the effects of some potential anti-inflammatory compounds can be very important in the treatment of cerebral ischemic injury. METHODS This study investigated anti-inflammatory effects of triblock copolymer nanomicelles loaded with curcumin (abbreviated as NC) in the brain of rats following transient cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in stroke. After preparation of NC, their protective effects against bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO) were explored by different techniques. Concentrations of free curcumin (C) and NC in liver, kidney, brain, and heart organs, as well as in plasma, were measured using a spectrofluorometer. Western blot analysis was then used to measure NF-κB-p65 protein expression levels. Also, ELISA assay was used to examine the level of cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. Lipid peroxidation levels were assessed using MDA assay and H&E staining was used for histopathological examination of the hippocampus tissue sections. RESULTS The results showed a higher level of NC compared to C in plasma and organs including the brain, heart, and kidneys. Significant upregulation of NF-κB, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α expressions compared to control was observed in rats after induction of I/R, which leads to an increase in inflammation. However, NC was able to downregulate significantly the level of these inflammatory cytokines compared to C. Also, the level of lipid peroxidation in pre-treated rats with 80mg/kg NC was significantly reduced. CONCLUSION Our findings in the current study demonstrate a therapeutic effect of NC in an animal model of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in stroke through the downregulation of NF-κB-p65 protein and inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengguang Li
- Department of Neurology, Puren Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430081, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Central Theater Command, Wuhan, 430010, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xing Li
- Department of Neurology, Puren Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430081, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinghua Wang
- Department of Neurology, Puren Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430081, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhigang Yang
- Department of Neurology, Puren Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430081, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wanli Li
- Department of Neurology, Puren Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430081, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Cheng
- Department of Neurology, Puren Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430081, People’s Republic of China
| | - Gangli Yan
- Department of Neurology, Puren Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430081, People’s Republic of China
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Zhu Y, Su Y, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Li Y, Han Y, Dong X, Li W, Li W. Astragaloside IV alleviates liver injury in type 2 diabetes due to promotion of AMPK/mTOR‑mediated autophagy. Mol Med Rep 2021; 23:437. [PMID: 33846768 PMCID: PMC8060804 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic liver injury is a serious complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), which is often irreversible in the later stage, and affects the quality of life. Autophagy serves an important role in the occurrence and development of diabetic liver injury. For example, it can improve insulin resistance (IR), dyslipidaemia, oxidative stress and inflammation. Astragaloside IV (AS-IV) is a natural saponin isolated from the plant Astragalus membranaceus, which has comprehensive pharmacological effects, such as anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation and anti-apoptosis properties, as well as can enhance immunity. However, whether AS-IV can alleviate diabetic liver injury in T2DM and its underlying mechanisms remain unknown. The present study used high-fat diets combined with low-dose streptozotocin to induce a diabetic liver injury model in T2DM rats to investigate whether AS-IV could alleviate diabetic liver injury and to identify its underlying mechanisms. The results demonstrated that AS-IV treatment could restore changes in food intake, water intake, urine volume and body weight, as well as improve liver function and glucose homeostasis in T2DM rats. Moreover, AS-IV treatment promoted suppressed autophagy in the liver of T2DM rats and improved IR, dyslipidaemia, oxidative stress and inflammation. In addition, AS-IV activated adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which inhibited mTOR. Taken together, the present study suggested that AS-IV alleviated diabetic liver injury in T2DM rats, and its mechanism may be associated with the promotion of AMPK/mTOR-mediated autophagy, which further improved IR, dyslipidaemia, oxidative stress and inflammation. Thus, the regulation of autophagy may be an effective strategy to treat diabetic liver injury in T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfeng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Anti‑Inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Yong Su
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Anti‑Inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Yanhua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Anti‑Inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Yan Li
- Key Laboratory of Anti‑Inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Yuli Han
- Key Laboratory of Anti‑Inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Xianan Dong
- Key Laboratory of Anti‑Inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Weizu Li
- Key Laboratory of Anti‑Inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Weiping Li
- Key Laboratory of Anti‑Inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
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Xue Y, Nie D, Wang LJ, Qiu HC, Ma L, Dong MX, Tu WJ, Zhao J. Microglial Polarization: Novel Therapeutic Strategy against Ischemic Stroke. Aging Dis 2021; 12:466-479. [PMID: 33815877 PMCID: PMC7990355 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2020.0701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke, which is the second highest cause of death and the leading cause of disability, represents ~71% of all strokes globally. Some studies have found that the key elements of the pathobiology of stroke is immunity and inflammation. Microglia are the first line of defense in the nervous system. After stroke, the activated microglia become a double-edged sword, with distinct phenotypic changes to the deleterious M1 types and neuroprotective M2 types. Therefore, ways to promote microglial polarization toward M2 phenotype after stroke have become the focus of attention in recent years. In this review, we discuss the process of microglial polarization, summarize the alternation of signaling pathways and epigenetic regulation that control microglial polarization in ischemic stroke, aiming to find the potential mechanisms by which microglia can be transformed into the M2 polarized phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimeng Xue
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,2Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ding Nie
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lin-Jian Wang
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,2Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Han-Cheng Qiu
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Long Ma
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ming-Xin Dong
- 3Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Wen-Jun Tu
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,3Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Jizong Zhao
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,2Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,4China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.,5Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,6Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China
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Zhou Y, Xu B, Yu H, Zhao W, Song X, Liu Y, Wang K, Peacher N, Zhao X, Zhang HT. Biochanin A Attenuates Ovariectomy-Induced Cognition Deficit via Antioxidant Effects in Female Rats. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:603316. [PMID: 33815102 PMCID: PMC8010695 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.603316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Impairment of memory and cognition is one of the major symptoms in women with postmenopausal disorders due to estrogen deficiency, which accounts for the much higher prevalence of Alzheimer’s disease in females. Biochanin A (BCA), a natural phytoestrogen, has been reported to protect neurons against ischemic brain injury. However, the neuroprotective effects of BCA in the postmenopausal-like model of ovariectomized (OVX) rats remain to be investigated. Methods: All the rats except for the sham group underwent the resection of bilateral ovaries. Seven days after the OVX surgery, rats were randomly divided into six groups: sham, OVX, OVX + BCA (5 mg/kg), OVX + BCA (20 mg/kg), OVX + BCA (60 mg/kg), and OVX + estradiol (E2; 0.35 mg/kg), which were administrated daily by gavage for 12 weeks. Learning and memory were examined using the Morris water-maze test before the end of the experiment. Morphological changes of the rat hippocampus were observed by HE staining and electron microscopy. Malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in the hippocampus were measured. The effect of BCA on cell viability was measured in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) using CCK8. Flow cytometry was used to measure neuronal apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by H2O2. Expression of Bcl-2, Bax, and Caspase-3 was determined by Western blotting using hippocampal tissues and primary cultures of hippocampal neurons. Results: Chronic treatment with BCA mimicked the ability of E2 to reverse the deficit of learning and memory in the Morris water-maze test in OVX rats. BCA normalized OVX-induced morphological changes as revealed by HE staining and electron microscopy. In addition, BCA significantly decreased the levels of MDA, the biomarker of oxidative damage, and increased the activity of the intracellular antioxidant enzymes SOD and GSH-Px in OVX rats. Further, in primary cultures of hippocampal neurons, BCA reversed H2O2-induced decreases in cell viability and accumulation of ROS. Finally, BCA reversed OVX- or H2O2-induced increases in Bax and Caspase-3 and decreases in Bcl-2 in the hippocampus and primary cultures of hippocampal neurons. Conclusion: These results suggest that BCA improves memory through its neuroprotective properties in the brain under the circumstance of estrogen deficiency and can be used for treatment of memory loss in postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmeng Zhou
- Institute of Pharmacology, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, China
| | - Bingbing Xu
- Institute of Pharmacology, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, China
| | - Haiyang Yu
- Institute of Pharmacology, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Institute of Pharmacology, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, China
| | - Xinxin Song
- Institute of Pharmacology, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, China
| | - Yan Liu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, China
| | - Kainan Wang
- Institute of Pharmacology, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, China
| | - Nikoli Peacher
- Departments of Neuroscience and Behavioral Medicine and Psychiatry, Rockefeller Neurosciences Institute, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Xiaomin Zhao
- Institute of Pharmacology, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, China
| | - Han-Ting Zhang
- Departments of Neuroscience and Behavioral Medicine and Psychiatry, Rockefeller Neurosciences Institute, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV, United States
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Xue Z, Gao X, Yu W, Zhang Q, Song W, Li S, Zheng X, Kou X. Biochanin A alleviates oxidative damage caused by the urban particulate matter. Food Funct 2021; 12:1958-1972. [PMID: 33496707 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02582h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Urban particulate matter (UPM), an air pollutant-absorbing toxic substance, can access alveoli, leading to pulmonary diseases. Studies have shown that the water-soluble components of UPM (WS-UPM), containing main toxic substances, can induce oxidative damage in lung cells. In this study, the UPM particle size and composition were detected via instrumental analysis. The isoflavones (biochanin A (BCA), formononetin and daidzein) from chickpeas possess biological antioxidant properties. The present study aimed to investigate the mechanism of the oxidative damage induced by WS-UPM, and the protective role of isoflavones in human alveolar basal epithelial cells. The antioxidant activity of BCA, formononetin and daidzein was investigated through the total reduction capacity, diphenylpicrylhydrazine radical (DPPH), superoxide radical, and hydroxyl radical scavenging capacity detection. We also established cell models in vitro to further explore the BCA-protective mechanism. BCA presented a significant protection, and increased the levels of antioxidant makers including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione (GSH). The effects were also reflected as the reduction of malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO). Moreover, results obtained from RT-PCR and western blot techniques revealed that MEK5/ERK5 played an indispensable role in regulating the antioxidant effect of BCA, alleviating WS-UPM-induced lung injury. Furthermore, BCA mitigated WS-UPM-exposed damage through upregulating the Nrf2 signaling pathway to enhance the antioxidase expression downstream of Nrf2. In summary, our findings indicated that the WS-UPM-induced pulmonary disease was involved in oxidative stress and the MEK5/ERK5-Nrf2 signaling pathway, and BCA regulated the WS-UPM-induced lung damage via upregulation of the MEK5/ERK5-Nrf2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohui Xue
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Xin Gao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Wancong Yu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Weichen Song
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Shihao Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Xu Zheng
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Xiaohong Kou
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
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Zhang P, Cui J. Neuroprotective Effect of Fisetin Against the Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Damage via Suppression of Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Parameters. Inflammation 2021; 44:1490-1506. [PMID: 33616827 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-021-01434-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
It is well established that inflammatory reactions and oxidative stress play an imperial role in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion pathogenesis. Fisetin is a flavonoid and has an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect on various diseases. In this study, we have been working to examine the neuroprotective effect of fisetin in brain injuries triggered by cerebral ischemic-reperfusion and explore the potential role of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling. In vitro, fisetin was examined against the cell viability, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage, cytokines, and apoptosis after ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) induced in the cells. In vivo, I/R injury was induced in the brain via transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (2 h) and reperfusion (20 h). The infarction area, brain water content, and neurofunctional parameters were also estimated. Inflammatory cytokines and brain injury markers were scrutinized at the end of the study. Fisetin treatment alleviated cell injury and suppressed the inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1 (IL-1), tumor necrosis factor- α (TNF-α), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), interleukin-16 (IL-6), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)) and antioxidant parameters in a dose-dependent manner. Fisetin significantly (P < 0.001) reduced the infarct volume, brain water content. Fisetin significantly (P < 0.001) suppressed the neurological parameters and inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1, TNF-α, iNOS, IL-1β, COX-2, IL-6, PGE2, and oxidative markers in a dose-dependent manner. Fisetin significantly (P < 0.001) reduced the inflammatory mediators including NF-κB and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1). Further studies also showed that fisetin significantly inhibited the NF-κB activity via inflammatory and antioxidant pathways. In conclusion, by suppressing inflammatory cytokines, fisetin protected the brain tissue against I/R injury, and this effect could be due to reduced NF-κB activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou City, 450003, Henan Province, China
| | - Jian Cui
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xi'an No.1 Hospital, No.30 South Street Powder Lane, Beilin District, Xi'an, 710002, Shaanxi, China.
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45
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Guo MM, Qu SB, Lu HL, Wang WB, He ML, Su JL, Chen J, Wang Y. Biochanin A Alleviates Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury by Suppressing Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Induced Apoptosis and p38MAPK Signaling Pathway In Vivo and In Vitro. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:646720. [PMID: 34322090 PMCID: PMC8312488 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.646720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously shown that biochanin A exhibits neuroprotective properties in the context of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. The mechanistic basis for such properties, however, remains poorly understood. This study was therefore designed to explore the manner whereby biochanin A controls endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, apoptosis, and inflammation within fetal rat primary cortical neurons in response to oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) injury, and in a rat model of middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion (MCAO/R) injury. For the OGD/R in vitro model system, cells were evaluated after a 2 h OGD following a 24 h reoxygenation period, whereas in vivo neurological deficits were evaluated following 2 h of ischemia and 24 h of reperfusion. The expression of proteins associated with apoptosis, ER stress (ERS), and p38 MAPK phosphorylation was evaluated in these samples. Rats treated with biochanin A exhibited reduced neurological deficits relative to control rats following MCAO/R injury. Additionally, GRP78 and CHOP levels rose following I/R modeling both in vitro and in vivo, whereas biochanin A treatment was associated with reductions in CHOP levels but further increases in GRP78 levels. In addition, OGD/R or MCAO/R were associated with markedly enhanced p38 MAPK phosphorylation that was alleviated by biochanin A treatment. Similarly, OGD/R or MCAO/R injury resulted in increases in caspase-3, caspase-12, and Bax levels as well as decreases in Bcl-2 levels, whereas biochanin A treatment was sufficient to reverse these phenotypes. Together, these findings thus demonstrate that biochanin A can alleviate cerebral I/R-induced damage at least in part via suppressing apoptosis, ER stress, and p38 MAPK signaling, thereby serving as a potent neuroprotective agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-min Guo
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Microenvironmental Regulation, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Sheng-biao Qu
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Microenvironmental Regulation, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Hui-ling Lu
- Department of Pathology and Physiopathology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Wen-bo Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Mu-Liang He
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hezhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hezhou, China
| | - Jian-Lin Su
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guilin People’s Hospital, Guilin, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Microenvironmental Regulation, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
- *Correspondence: Jian Chen, ; Yong Wang,
| | - Yong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Microenvironmental Regulation, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
- Department of Physiology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
- *Correspondence: Jian Chen, ; Yong Wang,
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Parrella E, Gussago C, Porrini V, Benarese M, Pizzi M. From Preclinical Stroke Models to Humans: Polyphenols in the Prevention and Treatment of Stroke. Nutrients 2020; 13:nu13010085. [PMID: 33383852 PMCID: PMC7823436 DOI: 10.3390/nu13010085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols are an important family of molecules of vegetal origin present in many medicinal and edible plants, which represent important alimentary sources in the human diet. Polyphenols are known for their beneficial health effects and have been investigated for their potential protective role against various pathologies, including cancer, brain dysfunctions, cardiovascular diseases and stroke. The prevention of stroke promoted by polyphenols relies mainly on their effect on cardio- and cerebrovascular systems. However, a growing body of evidence from preclinical models of stroke points out a neuroprotective role of these molecules. Notably, in many preclinical studies, the polyphenolic compounds were effective also when administered after the stroke onset, suggesting their possible use in promoting recovery of patients suffering from stroke. Here, we review the effects of the major polyphenols in cellular and in vivo models of both ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke in immature and adult brains. The results from human studies are also reported.
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Hu W, Lin C. S100a8 silencing attenuates inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis in BV2 cells induced by oxygen‑glucose deprivation and reoxygenation by upregulating GAB1 expression. Mol Med Rep 2020; 23:64. [PMID: 33215218 PMCID: PMC7716398 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
S100a8 serves an important role in cell differentiation and is abnormally expressed in common tumors, but there are few studies on the association between S100a8 and brain I/R injury. The present study aimed to investigate the role of S100a8 in oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation (OGD/R)-induced BV2 microglia cell injury, and to elucidate the potential underlying molecular mechanisms. BV2 cells were exposed to OGD/R to mimic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in vitro. S100a8 expression was detected via reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blot analyses. Following transfection with short hairpin RNAs targeting S100a8, the levels of inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress-related factors were determined using commercial kits. Apoptosis was assessed using flow cytometric analysis and the expression levels of apoptosis-related proteins were determined using western blot analysis. Subsequently, the mRNA and protein levels of Grb2-associated binder 1 (GAB1) were assessed following S100a8 silencing. Immunoprecipitation (IP) was performed to verify the association between S100a8 and GAB1. The levels of inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis were assessed following GAB1 silencing, along with S100a8 silencing in BV2 cells subjected to OGD/R. The results indicated that exposure to OGD/R markedly upregulated S100a8 expression in BV2 cells. S100a8 silencing inhibited inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis, accompanied by changes in the expression of related proteins. The IP assay revealed a strong interaction between GAB1 and S100a8. In addition, GAB1 silencing reversed the inhibitory effects of S100a8 silencing on inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis in OGD/R-stimulated BV2 cells. Taken together, the results of the present study demonstrated that S100a8 silencing alleviated inflammation, oxidative stress and the apoptosis of BV2 cells induced by OGD/R, partly by upregulating the expression of GAB1. Thus, these findings may potentially provide a novel direction to develop therapeutic strategies for cerebral I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenguang Hu
- Pediatric Neurology, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610091, P.R. China
| | - Caimei Lin
- Department of Neurology, Xiamen Children's Hospital of Fujian Province, Xiamen, Fujian 361006, P.R. China
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Biochanin A Mitigates Atherosclerosis by Inhibiting Lipid Accumulation and Inflammatory Response. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:8965047. [PMID: 33959213 PMCID: PMC8074550 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8965047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Biochanin A (BCA), a dietary isoflavone extracted from red clover and cabbage, has been shown to antagonize hypertension and myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. However, very little is known about its role in atherogenesis. The aim of this study was to observe the effects of BCA on atherosclerosis and explore the underlying mechanisms. Our results showed that administration of BCA promoted reverse cholesterol transport (RCT), improved plasma lipid profile, and decreased serum proinflammatory cytokine levels and atherosclerotic lesion area in apoE-/- mice fed a Western diet. In THP-1 macrophage-derived foam cells, treatment with BCA upregulated ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter A1 (ABCA1) and ABCG1 expression and facilitated subsequent cholesterol efflux and diminished intracellular cholesterol contents by activating the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ)/liver X receptor α (LXRα) and PPARγ/heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) pathways. BCA also activated these two signaling pathways to inhibit the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines. Taken together, these findings suggest that BCA is protective against atherosclerosis by inhibiting lipid accumulation and inflammatory response through the PPARγ/LXRα and PPARγ/HO-1 pathways. BCA may be an attractive drug for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
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Chao M, Gao C, Huang Y. Xanthoangelol alleviates cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury in rats. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2020; 304:602-612. [PMID: 32589370 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury accounts to be a prime cause of neurological deficit following stroke. This study aimed to explore the neuro-protective effects of Xanthoangelol (XAG) on I/R-induced injury in both in vivo and in vitro models. Our data demonstrated that XAG can shrink infarct size and brain edema in middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model. In addition, XAG was capable of alleviating the neurological deficit in rats that have undergone MCAO procedure. Meanwhile, antiapoptotic activities of XAG against I/R-induced neuronal injury were evidenced and further illustrated that XAG elicits antiapoptotic activities by suppressing excessive oxidative stress via nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 activation. Overall, our study revealed that XAG displayed the potential to be utilized as a neuroprotective agent against I/R-induced neurological injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Chao
- Department of Neurology, Yicheng District People's Hospital of Zaozhuang City, Zaozhuang, Shandong Province, China
| | - Chao Gao
- Department of General Practice, Zaozhuang Municipal Hospital, Zaozhuang, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yaping Huang
- Emergency Department, Yicheng District People's Hospital of Zaozhuang City, Zaozhuang, Shandong Province, China
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Gugliandolo A, Bramanti P, Mazzon E. Activation of Nrf2 by Natural Bioactive Compounds: A Promising Approach for Stroke? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21144875. [PMID: 32664226 PMCID: PMC7402299 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21144875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke represents one of the main causes of disability and death worldwide. The pathological subtypes of stroke are ischemic stroke, the most frequent, and hemorrhagic stroke. Nrf2 is a transcription factor that regulates redox homeostasis. In stress conditions, Nrf2 translocates inside the nucleus and induces the transcription of enzymes involved in counteracting oxidative stress, endobiotic and xenobiotic metabolism, regulators of inflammation, and others. Different natural compounds, including food and plant-derived components, were shown to be able to activate Nrf2, mediating an antioxidant response. Some of these compounds were tested in stroke experimental models showing several beneficial actions. In this review, we focused on the studies that evidenced the positive effects of natural bioactive compounds in stroke experimental models through the activation of Nrf2 pathway. Interestingly, different natural compounds can activate Nrf2 through multiple pathways, inducing a strong antioxidant response associated with the beneficial effects against stroke. According to several studies, the combination of different bioactive compounds can lead to a better neuroprotection. In conclusion, natural bioactive compounds may represent new therapeutic strategies against stroke.
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