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Mubarok S, Nuraini A, Hamdani JS, Suminar E, Kusumiyati K, Budiarto R, Lestari FW, Rahmat BPN, Ezura H. Antioxidative response of parthenocarpic tomato, iaa9-3 and iaa9-5, under heat stress condition. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 207:108333. [PMID: 38181640 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
It has previously been shown that parthenocarpic tomato mutants, iaa9-3 and iaa9-5, can adapt, grow, and produce fruit under heat-stress conditions. However, the physiological processes in those two mutants especially for the enzymatic system that works to neutralize ROS are not clear. The objective of this research was to determine how the scavenging enzyme system responds to the heat stress in those mutants. The iaa9-3, iaa9-5, and WT-MT as a control were cultivated under two environmental conditions; normal and heat stress conditions. Vegetative and reproductive growth were observed during cultivation period. The activities of catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were investigated in both wild-type and parthenocarpic tomato mutants under normal and heat stress conditions. The results showed that under heat stress condition, the mutants, iaa9-3 and iaa9-5, and WT-MT resulted in reduction of the vegetative growth, but those mutants showed better growth than WT-MT. Higher chlorophyll content in iaa9-3 and iaa9-5 was observed under normal or heat stress condition. Despite their growth reduction under heat stress conditions, iaa9-3 and iaa9-5 resulted in the significant higher CAT, APX and SOD activity than WT-MT. The results suggest that higher chlorophyll content and enhanced CAT, APX and SOD activity in the iaa9-3 and iaa9-5 mutants are adaptive strategies to survive in heat stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syariful Mubarok
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia.
| | - Anne Nuraini
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Jajang Sauman Hamdani
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Erni Suminar
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Kusumiyati Kusumiyati
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia.
| | - Rahmat Budiarto
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | | | | | - Hiroshi Ezura
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan; Tsukuba Plant Innovation Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
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Ezura K, Nomura Y, Ariizumi T. Molecular, hormonal, and metabolic mechanisms of fruit set, the ovary-to-fruit transition, in horticultural crops. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:6254-6268. [PMID: 37279328 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Fruit set is the process by which the ovary develops into a fruit and is an important factor in determining fruit yield. Fruit set is induced by two hormones, auxin and gibberellin, and the activation of their signaling pathways, partly by suppressing various negative regulators. Many studies have investigated the structural changes and gene networks in the ovary during fruit set, revealing the cytological and molecular mechanisms. In tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), SlIAA9 and SlDELLA/PROCERA act as auxin and gibberellin signaling repressors, respectively, and are important regulators of the activity of transcription factors and downstream gene expression involved in fruit set. Upon pollination, SlIAA9 and SlDELLA are degraded, which subsequently activates downstream cascades and mainly contributes to active cell division and cell elongation, respectively, in ovaries during fruit setting. According to current knowledge, the gibberellin pathway functions as the most downstream signal in fruit set induction, and therefore its role in fruit set has been extensively explored. Furthermore, multi-omics analysis has revealed the detailed dynamics of gene expression and metabolites downstream of gibberellins, highlighting the rapid activation of central carbon metabolism. This review will outline the relevant mechanisms at the molecular and metabolic levels during fruit set, particularly focusing on tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Ezura
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
- Research Fellow of Japan Society for Promotion of Science (JSPS), Kojimachi, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8566, Japan
| | - Yukako Nomura
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Tohru Ariizumi
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
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3
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Pons C, Casals J, Brower M, Sacco A, Riccini A, Hendrickx P, Figás MDR, Fisher J, Grandillo S, Mazzucato A, Soler S, Zamir D, Causse M, Díez MJ, Finkers R, Prohens J, Monforte AJ, Granell A. Diversity and genetic architecture of agro-morphological traits in a core collection of European traditional tomato. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:5896-5916. [PMID: 37527560 PMCID: PMC10540738 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
European traditional tomato varieties have been selected by farmers given their consistent performance and adaptation to local growing conditions. Here we developed a multipurpose core collection, comprising 226 accessions representative of the genotypic, phenotypic, and geographical diversity present in European traditional tomatoes, to investigate the basis of their phenotypic variation, gene×environment interactions, and stability for 33 agro-morphological traits. Comparison of the traditional varieties with a modern reference panel revealed that some traditional varieties displayed excellent agronomic performance and high trait stability, as good as or better than that of their modern counterparts. We conducted genome-wide association and genome-wide environment interaction studies and detected 141 quantitative trait loci (QTLs). Out of those, 47 QTLs were associated with the phenotype mean (meanQTLs), 41 with stability (stbQTLs), and 53 QTL-by-environment interactions (QTIs). Most QTLs displayed additive gene actions, with the exception of stbQTLs, which were mostly recessive and overdominant QTLs. Both common and specific loci controlled the phenotype mean and stability variation in traditional tomato; however, a larger proportion of specific QTLs was observed, indicating that the stability gene regulatory model is the predominant one. Developmental genes tended to map close to meanQTLs, while genes involved in stress response, hormone metabolism, and signalling were found within regions affecting stability. A total of 137 marker-trait associations for phenotypic means and stability were novel, and therefore our study enhances the understanding of the genetic basis of valuable agronomic traits and opens up a new avenue for an exploitation of the allelic diversity available within European traditional tomato germplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Pons
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana (COMAV), Universitat Politècnica de València, València, Spain
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP). Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universitat Politècnica de València, València, Spain
| | - Joan Casals
- Department of Agri-Food Engineering and Biotechnology/Miquel Agustí Foundation, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Campus Baix Llobregat, Esteve Terrades 8, 08860 Castelldefels, Spain
| | - Matthijs Brower
- Wageningen University & Research, Plant Breeding, POB 386, NL-6700 AJ Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Adriana Sacco
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources (IBBR), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via Università 133, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Alessandro Riccini
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), Università degli Studi della Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Patrick Hendrickx
- Wageningen University & Research, Plant Breeding, POB 386, NL-6700 AJ Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maria del Rosario Figás
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana (COMAV), Universitat Politècnica de València, València, Spain
| | - Josef Fisher
- Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Silvana Grandillo
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources (IBBR), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via Università 133, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Andrea Mazzucato
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), Università degli Studi della Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Salvador Soler
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana (COMAV), Universitat Politècnica de València, València, Spain
| | - Dani Zamir
- Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Mathilde Causse
- INRAE, UR1052, Génétique et Amélioration des Fruits et Légumes 67 Allée des Chênes, Domaine Saint Maurice, CS60094, Montfavet, 84143, France
| | - Maria José Díez
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana (COMAV), Universitat Politècnica de València, València, Spain
| | - Richard Finkers
- Wageningen University & Research, Plant Breeding, POB 386, NL-6700 AJ Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jaime Prohens
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana (COMAV), Universitat Politècnica de València, València, Spain
| | - Antonio Jose Monforte
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP). Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universitat Politècnica de València, València, Spain
| | - Antonio Granell
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP). Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universitat Politècnica de València, València, Spain
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Israeli A, Schubert R, Man N, Teboul N, Serrani Yarce JC, Rosowski EE, Wu MF, Levy M, Efroni I, Ljung K, Hause B, Reed JW, Ori N. Modulating auxin response stabilizes tomato fruit set. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 192:2336-2355. [PMID: 37032117 PMCID: PMC10315294 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Fruit formation depends on successful fertilization and is highly sensitive to weather fluctuations that affect pollination. Auxin promotes fruit initiation and growth following fertilization. Class A auxin response factors (Class A ARFs) repress transcription in the absence of auxin and activate transcription in its presence. Here, we explore how multiple members of the ARF family regulate fruit set and fruit growth in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and Arabidopsis thaliana, and test whether reduction of SlARF activity improves yield stability in fluctuating temperatures. We found that several tomato Slarf mutant combinations produced seedless parthenocarpic fruits, most notably mutants deficient in SlARF8A and SlARF8B genes. Arabidopsis Atarf8 mutants deficient in the orthologous gene had less complete parthenocarpy than did tomato Slarf8a Slarf8b mutants. Conversely, Atarf6 Atarf8 double mutants had reduced fruit growth after fertilization. AtARF6 and AtARF8 likely switch from repression to activation of fruit growth in response to a fertilization-induced auxin increase in gynoecia. Tomato plants with reduced SlARF8A and SlARF8B gene dosage had substantially higher yield than the wild type under controlled or ambient hot and cold growth conditions. In field trials, partial reduction in the SlARF8 dose increased yield under extreme temperature with minimal pleiotropic effects. The stable yield of the mutant plants resulted from a combination of early onset of fruit set, more fruit-bearing branches and more flowers setting fruits. Thus, ARF8 proteins mediate the control of fruit set, and relieving this control with Slarf8 mutations may be utilized in breeding to increase yield stability in tomato and other crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alon Israeli
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Hebrew University, PO Box 12, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Ramona Schubert
- Department of Cell and Metabolic Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle 06120, Germany
| | - Nave Man
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Hebrew University, PO Box 12, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Naama Teboul
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Hebrew University, PO Box 12, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | | | - Emily E Rosowski
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3280, USA
| | - Miin-Feng Wu
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3280, USA
| | - Matan Levy
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Hebrew University, PO Box 12, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Idan Efroni
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Hebrew University, PO Box 12, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Karin Ljung
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå 901 83, Sweden
| | - Bettina Hause
- Department of Cell and Metabolic Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle 06120, Germany
| | - Jason W Reed
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3280, USA
| | - Naomi Ori
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Hebrew University, PO Box 12, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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Tran LT, Sugimoto K, Kasozi M, Mitalo OW, Ezura H. Pollination, pollen tube growth, and fertilization independently contribute to fruit set and development in tomato. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1205816. [PMID: 37416886 PMCID: PMC10319911 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1205816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
In flowering plants, pollination, pollen tube growth, and fertilization are regarded as the first hierarchical processes of producing offspring. However, their independent contributions to fruit set and development remain unclear. In this study, we examined the effect of three different types of pollen, intact pollen (IP), soft X-ray-treated pollen (XP) and dead pollen (DP), on pollen tube growth, fruit development and gene expression in "Micro-Tom" tomato. Normal germination and pollen tube growth were observed in flowers pollinated with IP; pollen tubes started to penetrate the ovary at 9 h after pollination, and full penetration was achieved after 24 h (IP24h), resulting in ~94% fruit set. At earlier time points (3 and 6 h after pollination; IP3h and IP6h, respectively), pollen tubes were still in the style, and no fruit set was observed. Flowers pollinated with XP followed by style removal after 24 h (XP24h) also demonstrated regular pollen tubes and produced parthenocarpic fruits with ~78% fruit set. As expected, DP could not germinate and failed to activate fruit formation. Histological analysis of the ovary at 2 days after anthesis (DAA) revealed that IP and XP comparably increased cell layers and cell size; however, mature fruits derived from XP were significantly smaller than those derived from IP. Furthermore, there was a high correlation between seed number and fruit size in fruit derived from IP, illustrating the crucial role of fertilization in the latter stages of fruit development. RNA-Seq analysis was carried out in ovaries derived from IP6h, IP24h, XP24h and DP24h in comparison with emasculated and unpollinated ovaries (E) at 2 DAA. The results revealed that 65 genes were differentially expressed (DE) in IP6h ovaries; these genes were closely associated with cell cycle dormancy release pathways. Conversely, 5062 and 4383 DE genes were obtained in IP24h and XP24h ovaries, respectively; top enriched terms were mostly associated with cell division and expansion in addition to the 'plant hormone signal transduction' pathway. These findings indicate that full penetration of pollen tubes can initiate fruit set and development independently of fertilization, most likely by activating the expression of genes regulating cell division and expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long T. Tran
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Koichi Sugimoto
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Tsukuba-Plant Innovation Research Centre, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Michael Kasozi
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Oscar W. Mitalo
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ezura
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Tsukuba-Plant Innovation Research Centre, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
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Sadka A, Walker CH, Haim D, Bennett T. Just enough fruit: understanding feedback mechanisms during sexual reproductive development. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:2448-2461. [PMID: 36724082 PMCID: PMC10112685 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The fruit and seed produced by a small number of crop plants provide the majority of food eaten across the world. Given the growing global population, there is a pressing need to increase yields of these crops without using more land or more chemical inputs. Many of these crops display prominent 'fruit-flowering feedbacks', in which fruit produced early in sexual reproductive development can inhibit the production of further fruit by a range of mechanisms. Understanding and overcoming these feedbacks thus presents a plausible route to increasing crop yields 'for free'. In this review, we define three key types of fruit-flowering feedback, and examine how frequent they are and their effects on reproduction in a wide range of both wild and cultivated species. We then assess how these phenomenologically distinct phenomena might arise from conserved phytohormonal signalling events, particularly the export of auxin from growing organs. Finally, we offer some thoughts on the evolutionary basis for these self-limiting sexual reproductive patterns, and whether they are also present in the cereal crops that fundamentally underpin global diets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Catriona H Walker
- School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Dor Haim
- Department of Fruit Tree Sciences, Institute of Plant Sciences, ARO, The Volcani Institute, Rishon Le’Zion 7528809, Israel
- The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
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Lubis WMY, Adrian M, Jadid N, Widiastuti A, Ezura H, Mubarok S, Hapsari DP, Poerwanto R, Matra DD. Transcriptome dataset from Solanum lycopersicum L. cv. Micro-Tom; wild type and two mutants of INDOLE-ACETIC-ACID (SlIAA9) using long-reads sequencing oxford nanopore technologies. BMC Res Notes 2023; 16:40. [PMID: 36941704 PMCID: PMC10029252 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-023-06306-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Tomatoes are the most widely consumed fruit vegetable and are relatively easy to cultivate. However, an increase in temperature causes some plants to respond with a decrease in fruit production. So, it is necessary to develop plants resistant to extreme temperature changes. The tomato cv. Micro-Tom has genetic variations in the gene of INDOLE-ACETIC-ACID, namely SlIAA9-3 and SlIAA9-5. However, the genetic information regarding the full-length transcript of the gene from this type of tomato plant is unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the full-length transcript of the genes of these three types of tomatoes using long-reads sequencing technology from Oxford Nanopore. DATA DESCRIPTION The total RNA from three types of Micro-Tom was isolated with the RNeasy PowerPlant Kit. Then, the RNA sequencing process used PCR-cDNA Barcoding kit - SQK-PCB109 and continued with the processing of raw reads based on the protocol from microbepore protocol ( https://github.com/felixgrunberger/microbepore ). The resulting raw reads were 578 374, 409 905, and 851 948 for wildtype, iaa9-3, and iaa9-5, respectively. After obtaining cleaned reads, each sample was mapped to the tomato reference genome (S. lycopersicum ITAG4.0) with the Minimap2 program. In particular, 965 genes were expressed only in the iaa9-3 mutant, and 2332 genes were expressed only in the iaa9-5 mutant. Whereas in the wild type, 1536 genes are specifically expressed. In cluster analysis using the heatmap analysis, separate groups were obtained between the wild type and the two mutants. This proves an overall difference in transcript levels between the wild type and the mutants.
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Grants
- 3332/IT3.L1/PT.01.03/P/B/2022 Kementerian Pendidikan, Kebudayaan, Riset, dan Teknologi
- 3332/IT3.L1/PT.01.03/P/B/2022 Kementerian Pendidikan, Kebudayaan, Riset, dan Teknologi
- 3332/IT3.L1/PT.01.03/P/B/2022 Kementerian Pendidikan, Kebudayaan, Riset, dan Teknologi
- 3332/IT3.L1/PT.01.03/P/B/2022 Kementerian Pendidikan, Kebudayaan, Riset, dan Teknologi
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M Adrian
- Study Program of Agronomy and Horticulture, Graduate School of IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Nurul Jadid
- Department of Biology, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Ani Widiastuti
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Hiroshi Ezura
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Syariful Mubarok
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Indonesia
| | - Dhika Prita Hapsari
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Roedhy Poerwanto
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Deden Derajat Matra
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia.
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Mubarok S, Jadid N, Widiastuti A, Derajat Matra D, Budiarto R, Lestari FW, Nuraini A, Suminar E, Pradana Nur Rahmat B, Ezura H. Parthenocarpic tomato mutants, iaa9-3 and iaa9-5, show plant adaptability and fruiting ability under heat-stress conditions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1090774. [PMID: 36938002 PMCID: PMC10014533 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1090774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Fruit set is one of the main problems that arise in tomato plants under heat-stress conditions, which disrupt pollen development, resulting in decreased pollen fertility. Parthenocarpic tomatoes can be used to increase plant productivity during failure of the fertilisation process under heat-stress conditions. The aim of this study were to identify the plant adaptability and fruiting capability of ?iaa9-3 and iaa9-5 tomato mutants under heat-stress conditions. The iaa9-3 and iaa9-5 and wild-type Micro-Tom (WT-MT) plants were cultivated under two temperature conditions: normal and heat-stress conditions during plant growth. The results showed that under the heat-stress condition, iaa9-3 and iaa9-5 showed delayed flowering time, increased number of flowers, and increased fruit set and produced normal-sized fruit. However, WT-MT cannot produce fruits under heat stress. The mutants can grow under heat-stress conditions, as indicated by the lower electrolyte leakage and H2O2 concentration and higher antioxidant activities compared with WT-MT under heat-stress conditions. These results suggest that iaa9-3 and iaa9-5 can be valuable genetic resources for the development of tomatoes in high-temperature environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syariful Mubarok
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Indonesia
| | - Nurul Jadid
- Department of Biology, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Ani Widiastuti
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Deden Derajat Matra
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Rahmat Budiarto
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Indonesia
| | | | - Anne Nuraini
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Indonesia
| | - Erni Suminar
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Indonesia
| | - Bayu Pradana Nur Rahmat
- Master Graduate Program of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Indonesia
| | - Hiroshi Ezura
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Tsukuba Plant Innovation Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
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9
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Rahmat BPN, Octavianis G, Budiarto R, Jadid N, Widiastuti A, Matra DD, Ezura H, Mubarok S. SlIAA9 Mutation Maintains Photosynthetic Capabilities under Heat-Stress Conditions. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:378. [PMID: 36679090 PMCID: PMC9867002 DOI: 10.3390/plants12020378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Tomato is one of the most widely consumed horticultural products. However, tomato is very sensitive to changes in temperature. Daily average temperatures above 32 °C severely reduced tomato plant growth, development, and productivity. Therefore, climate change-induced global warming is a major threat to future tomato production. Good photosynthetic capability under heat stress conditions is known to be a major sign of heat tolerance. Tomato INDOLE-ACETIC-ACID (SlIAA9) is a transcriptional repressor in auxin signaling. SlIAA9 mutation caused heightened endogenous auxin response and biosynthesis within plant tissues. In this study, we studied the photosynthetic capability of iaa9-3 and iaa9-5 mutants under heat-stress conditions. We discovered that both iaa9-3 and iaa9-5 could maintain their photosynthetic capability after 14 days of heat treatment (>40 °C), differing from Wild Type-Micro-Tom (WT-MT) tomato. Both iaa9 mutants had higher net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, leaf total chlorophyll, leaf carotenoids, Fv/Fm value, and lower leaf MDA than WT-MT. These results suggested that the SlIAA9 mutation benefits plant adaptation to heat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bayu Pradana Nur Rahmat
- Master Program of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
| | - Grace Octavianis
- Under Graduate Program of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
| | - Rahmat Budiarto
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
| | - Nurul Jadid
- Department of Biology, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia
| | - Ani Widiastuti
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Deden Derajat Matra
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
| | - Hiroshi Ezura
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan
- Tsukuba Plant Innovation Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan
| | - Syariful Mubarok
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
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10
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Bhandari P, Kim J, Lee TG. Genetic architecture of fresh-market tomato yield. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:18. [PMID: 36624387 PMCID: PMC9827693 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-04018-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The fresh-market tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is bred for direct consumption and is selected for a high yield of large fruits. To understand the genetic variations (distinct types of DNA sequence polymorphism) that influence the yield, we collected the phenotypic variations in the yields of total fruit, extra-large-sized fruit, small-sized fruit, or red-colored fruit from 68 core inbred contemporary U.S. fresh-market tomatoes for three consecutive years and the genomic information in 8,289,741 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) positions from the whole-genome resequencing of these tomatoes. RESULTS Genome-wide association (GWA) mapping using the SNP data with or without SNP filtering steps using the regularization methods, validated with quantitative trait loci (QTL) linkage mapping, identified 18 significant association signals for traits evaluated. Among them, 10 of which were not located within genomic regions previously identified as being associated with fruit size/shape. When mapping-driven association signals [558 SNPs associated with 28 yield (component) traits] were used to calculate genomic estimated breeding values (GEBVs) of evaluated traits, the prediction accuracies of the extra-large-sized fruit and small-sized fruit yields were higher than those of the total and red-colored fruit yields, as we tested the generated breeding values in inbred tomatoes and F2 populations. Improved accuracy in GEBV calculation of evaluated traits was achieved by using 364 SNPs identified using the regularization methods. CONCLUSIONS Together, these results provide an understanding of the genetic variations underlying the heritable phenotypic variability in yield in contemporary tomato breeding and the information necessary for improving such economically important and complex quantitative trait through breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Bhandari
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Juhee Kim
- Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Wimauma, FL, 33598, USA
| | - Tong Geon Lee
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
- Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Wimauma, FL, 33598, USA.
- Plant Breeders Working Group, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
- Bayer, Chesterfield, MO, 63017, USA.
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11
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Castro-Camba R, Sánchez C, Vidal N, Vielba JM. Plant Development and Crop Yield: The Role of Gibberellins. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2650. [PMID: 36235516 PMCID: PMC9571322 DOI: 10.3390/plants11192650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Gibberellins have been classically related to a few key developmental processes, thus being essential for the accurate unfolding of plant genetic programs. After more than a century of research, over one hundred different gibberellins have been described. There is a continuously increasing interest in gibberellins research because of their relevant role in the so-called "Green Revolution", as well as their current and possible applications in crop improvement. The functions attributed to gibberellins have been traditionally restricted to the regulation of plant stature, seed germination, and flowering. Nonetheless, research in the last years has shown that these functions extend to many other relevant processes. In this review, the current knowledge on gibberellins homeostasis and mode of action is briefly outlined, while specific attention is focused on the many different responses in which gibberellins take part. Thus, those genes and proteins identified as being involved in the regulation of gibberellin responses in model and non-model species are highlighted. The present review aims to provide a comprehensive picture of the state-of-the-art perception of gibberellins molecular biology and its effects on plant development. This picture might be helpful to enhance our current understanding of gibberellins biology and provide the know-how for the development of more accurate research and breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jesús Mª Vielba
- Misión Biológica de Galicia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 15780 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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12
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Lanctot A. The time is ripe for eQTLs: Transcriptomic identification of a tomato fruit ripening regulator. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 190:182-184. [PMID: 35703978 PMCID: PMC9434301 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
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13
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Li F, Jia Y, Zhou S, Chen X, Xie Q, Hu Z, Chen G. SlMBP22 overexpression in tomato affects flower morphology and fruit development. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 272:153687. [PMID: 35378388 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2022.153687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
MADS-domain transcription factors have been identified as key regulators involved in proper flower and fruit development in angiosperms. As members of the MADS-box subfamily, Bsister (Bs) genes have been observed to play an important role during the evolution of the reproductive organs in seed plants. However, their effects on reproductive development in fruit crops, such as tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), remain unclear. Here, we found that SlMBP22 overexpression (SlMBP22-OE) resulted in considerable alterations in floral morphology and affected the expression levels of several floral homeotic genes. Further analysis by yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) assays demonstrated that SlMBP22 forms dimers with class A protein MACROCALYX (MC) and SEPALLATA (SEP) floral homeotic proteins TM5 and TM29, respectively. In addition, pollen viability and cross-fertilization assays suggested that the defect in female reproductive development was responsible for the infertility phenotype observed in the strong overexpression transgenic plants. Transgenic fruits with mild overexpression exhibited reduced size as a result of reduced cell expansion, rather than impaired cell division. Additionally, SlMBP22 overexpression in tomato not only affected proanthocyanidin (PA) accumulation but also altered seed dormancy. Taken together, these findings may provide new insights into the knowledge of Bs MADS-box genes in flower and fruit development in tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenfen Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Tomato, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, PR China.
| | - Yanhua Jia
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Tomato, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, PR China.
| | - Shengen Zhou
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Tomato, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, PR China.
| | - Xinyu Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Tomato, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, PR China.
| | - Qiaoli Xie
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Tomato, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, PR China.
| | - Zongli Hu
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Tomato, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, PR China.
| | - Guoping Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Tomato, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, PR China.
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14
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Hoshikawa K, Pham D, Ezura H, Schafleitner R, Nakashima K. Genetic and Molecular Mechanisms Conferring Heat Stress Tolerance in Tomato Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:786688. [PMID: 35003175 PMCID: PMC8739973 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.786688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is a major threat to global food security. Changes in climate can directly impact food systems by reducing the production and genetic diversity of crops and their wild relatives, thereby restricting future options for breeding improved varieties and reducing the ability to adapt crops to future challenges. The global surface temperature is predicted to rise by an average of 0.3°C during the next decade, and the Paris Agreement (Paris Climate Accords) aims to limit global warming to below an average of 2°C, preferably to 1.5°C compared to pre-industrial levels. Even if the goal of the Paris Agreement can be met, the predicted rise in temperatures will increase the likelihood of extreme weather events, including heatwaves, making heat stress (HS) a major global abiotic stress factor for many crops. HS can have adverse effects on plant morphology, physiology, and biochemistry during all stages of vegetative and reproductive development. In fruiting vegetables, even moderate HS reduces fruit set and yields, and high temperatures may result in poor fruit quality. In this review, we emphasize the effects of abiotic stress, especially at high temperatures, on crop plants, such as tomatoes, touching upon key processes determining plant growth and yield. Specifically, we investigated the molecular mechanisms involved in HS tolerance and the challenges of developing heat-tolerant tomato varieties. Finally, we discuss a strategy for effectively improving the heat tolerance of vegetable crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Hoshikawa
- Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences, Tsukuba, Japan
- Tsukuba Plant Innovation Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Vegetable Diversity and Improvement, World Vegetable Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Dung Pham
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Hiroshi Ezura
- Tsukuba Plant Innovation Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | | | - Kazuo Nakashima
- Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences, Tsukuba, Japan
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15
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Xia X, Cheng X, Li R, Yao J, Li Z, Cheng Y. Advances in application of genome editing in tomato and recent development of genome editing technology. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2021; 134:2727-2747. [PMID: 34076729 PMCID: PMC8170064 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-021-03874-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Genome editing, a revolutionary technology in molecular biology and represented by the CRISPR/Cas9 system, has become widely used in plants for characterizing gene function and crop improvement. Tomato, serving as an excellent model plant for fruit biology research and making a substantial nutritional contribution to the human diet, is one of the most important applied plants for genome editing. Using CRISPR/Cas9-mediated targeted mutagenesis, the re-evaluation of tomato genes essential for fruit ripening highlights that several aspects of fruit ripening should be reconsidered. Genome editing has also been applied in tomato breeding for improving fruit yield and quality, increasing stress resistance, accelerating the domestication of wild tomato, and recently customizing tomato cultivars for urban agriculture. In addition, genome editing is continuously innovating, and several new genome editing systems such as the recent prime editing, a breakthrough in precise genome editing, have recently been applied in plants. In this review, these advances in application of genome editing in tomato and recent development of genome editing technology are summarized, and their leaving important enlightenment to plant research and precision plant breeding is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehan Xia
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
- Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Xinhua Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
- Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Rui Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
- Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Juanni Yao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Zhengguo Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
- Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Yulin Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China.
- Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China.
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16
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Backiyarani S, Sasikala R, Sharmiladevi S, Uma S. Decoding the molecular mechanism of parthenocarpy in Musa spp. through protein-protein interaction network. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14592. [PMID: 34272422 PMCID: PMC8285514 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93661-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Banana, one of the most important staple fruit among global consumers is highly sterile owing to natural parthenocarpy. Identification of genetic factors responsible for parthenocarpy would facilitate the conventional breeders to improve the seeded accessions. We have constructed Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network through mining differentially expressed genes and the genes used for transgenic studies with respect to parthenocarpy. Based on the topological and pathway enrichment analysis of proteins in PPI network, 12 candidate genes were shortlisted. By further validating these candidate genes in seeded and seedless accession of Musa spp. we put forward MaAGL8, MaMADS16, MaGH3.8, MaMADS29, MaRGA1, MaEXPA1, MaGID1C, MaHK2 and MaBAM1 as possible target genes in the study of natural parthenocarpy. In contrary, expression profile of MaACLB-2 and MaZEP is anticipated to highlight the difference in artificially induced and natural parthenocarpy. By exploring the PPI of validated genes from the network, we postulated a putative pathway that bring insights into the significance of cytokinin mediated CLAVATA(CLV)-WUSHEL(WUS) signaling pathway in addition to gibberellin mediated auxin signaling in parthenocarpy. Our analysis is the first attempt to identify candidate genes and to hypothesize a putative mechanism that bridges the gaps in understanding natural parthenocarpy through PPI network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suthanthiram Backiyarani
- grid.465009.e0000 0004 1768 7371ICAR-National Research Centre for Banana, Thogamalai Road, Thayanur Post, Tiruchirapalli, Tamil Nadu 620 102 India
| | - Rajendran Sasikala
- grid.465009.e0000 0004 1768 7371ICAR-National Research Centre for Banana, Thogamalai Road, Thayanur Post, Tiruchirapalli, Tamil Nadu 620 102 India
| | - Simeon Sharmiladevi
- grid.465009.e0000 0004 1768 7371ICAR-National Research Centre for Banana, Thogamalai Road, Thayanur Post, Tiruchirapalli, Tamil Nadu 620 102 India
| | - Subbaraya Uma
- grid.465009.e0000 0004 1768 7371ICAR-National Research Centre for Banana, Thogamalai Road, Thayanur Post, Tiruchirapalli, Tamil Nadu 620 102 India
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17
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Transcriptome Analyses Throughout Chili Pepper Fruit Development Reveal Novel Insights into the Domestication Process. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10030585. [PMID: 33808668 PMCID: PMC8003350 DOI: 10.3390/plants10030585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chili pepper (Capsicum spp.) is an important crop, as well as a model for fruit development studies and domestication. Here, we performed a time-course experiment to estimate standardized gene expression profiles with respect to fruit development for six domesticated and four wild chili pepper ancestors. We sampled the transcriptomes every 10 days from flowering to fruit maturity, and found that the mean standardized expression profiles for domesticated and wild accessions significantly differed. The mean standardized expression was higher and peaked earlier for domesticated vs. wild genotypes, particularly for genes involved in the cell cycle that ultimately control fruit size. We postulate that these gene expression changes are driven by selection pressures during domestication and show a robust network of cell cycle genes with a time shift in expression, which explains some of the differences between domesticated and wild phenotypes.
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18
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Naoi T, Hataya T. Tolerance Even to Lethal Strain of Potato Spindle Tuber Viroid Found in Wild Tomato Species Can Be Introduced by Crossing. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10030575. [PMID: 33803660 PMCID: PMC8003082 DOI: 10.3390/plants10030575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
To date, natural resistance or tolerance, which can be introduced into crops by crossing, to potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd) has not been reported. Additionally, responses to PSTVd infection in many wild tomato species, including some species that can be crossed with PSTVd-susceptible cultivated tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum var. lycoperaicum), have not been ascertained. The aim of this study was to evaluate responses to PSTVd infection including resistance and tolerance. Accordingly, we inoculated several cultivated and wild tomato species with intermediate and lethal strains of PSTVd. None of the host plants exhibited sufficient resistance to PSTVd to render systemic infection impossible; however, these plants displayed other responses, including tolerance. Further analysis of PSTVd accumulation revealed low accumulation of PSTVd in two wild species, exhibiting high tolerance, even to the lethal strain. Additionally, F1 hybrids generated by crossing a PSTVd-sensitive wild tomato (Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme) with these wild relatives also exhibited tolerance to the lethal PSTVd strain, which is accompanied by low PSTVd accumulation during early infection. These results indicate that the tolerance toward PSTVd in wild species is a dominant trait and can be utilized for tomato breeding by crossing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Naoi
- Pathogen-Plant Interactions, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita 9, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan;
| | - Tatsuji Hataya
- Pathogen-Plant Interactions, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita 9, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan
- Correspondence:
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19
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Korwin Krukowski P, Ellenberger J, Röhlen-Schmittgen S, Schubert A, Cardinale F. Phenotyping in Arabidopsis and Crops-Are We Addressing the Same Traits? A Case Study in Tomato. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:E1011. [PMID: 32867311 PMCID: PMC7564427 DOI: 10.3390/genes11091011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The convenient model Arabidopsis thaliana has allowed tremendous advances in plant genetics and physiology, in spite of only being a weed. It has also unveiled the main molecular networks governing, among others, abiotic stress responses. Through the use of the latest genomic tools, Arabidopsis research is nowadays being translated to agronomically interesting crop models such as tomato, but at a lagging pace. Knowledge transfer has been hindered by invariable differences in plant architecture and behaviour, as well as the divergent direct objectives of research in Arabidopsis versus crops compromise transferability. In this sense, phenotype translation is still a very complex matter. Here, we point out the challenges of "translational phenotyping" in the case study of drought stress phenotyping in Arabidopsis and tomato. After briefly defining and describing drought stress and survival strategies, we compare drought stress protocols and phenotyping techniques most commonly used in the two species, and discuss their potential to gain insights, which are truly transferable between species. This review is intended to be a starting point for discussion about translational phenotyping approaches among plant scientists, and provides a useful compendium of methods and techniques used in modern phenotyping for this specific plant pair as a case study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Korwin Krukowski
- Plant Stress Lab, Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Sciences DISAFA-Turin University, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (A.S.); (F.C.)
| | - Jan Ellenberger
- INRES Horticultural Sciences, University of Bonn, 53121 Bonn, Germany;
| | | | - Andrea Schubert
- Plant Stress Lab, Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Sciences DISAFA-Turin University, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (A.S.); (F.C.)
| | - Francesca Cardinale
- Plant Stress Lab, Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Sciences DISAFA-Turin University, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (A.S.); (F.C.)
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20
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Renau-Morata B, Carrillo L, Cebolla-Cornejo J, Molina RV, Martí R, Domínguez-Figueroa J, Vicente-Carbajosa J, Medina J, Nebauer SG. The targeted overexpression of SlCDF4 in the fruit enhances tomato size and yield involving gibberellin signalling. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10645. [PMID: 32606421 PMCID: PMC7326986 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67537-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tomato is one of the most widely cultivated vegetable crops and a model for studying fruit biology. Although several genes involved in the traits of fruit quality, development and size have been identified, little is known about the regulatory genes controlling its growth. In this study, we characterized the role of the tomato SlCDF4 gene in fruit development, a cycling DOF-type transcription factor highly expressed in fruits. The targeted overexpression of SlCDF4 gene in the fruit induced an increased yield based on a higher amount of both water and dry matter accumulated in the fruits. Accordingly, transcript levels of genes involved in water transport and cell division and expansion during the fruit enlargement phase also increased. Furthermore, the larger amount of biomass partitioned to the fruit relied on the greater sink strength of the fruits induced by the increased activity of sucrose-metabolising enzymes. Additionally, our results suggest a positive role of SlCDF4 in the gibberellin-signalling pathway through the modulation of GA4 biosynthesis. Finally, the overexpression of SlCDF4 also promoted changes in the profile of carbon and nitrogen compounds related to fruit quality. Overall, our results unveil SlCDF4 as a new key factor controlling tomato size and composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Begoña Renau-Morata
- Plant Physiology Area, Department of Plant Production, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Laura Carrillo
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, INIA-Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jaime Cebolla-Cornejo
- Unidad Mixta de Investigación Mejora de la Calidad Agroalimentaria UJI-UPV, COMAV, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rosa V Molina
- Plant Physiology Area, Department of Plant Production, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Raúl Martí
- Unidad Mixta de Investigación Mejora de la Calidad Agroalimentaria UJI-UPV, COMAV, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - José Domínguez-Figueroa
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, INIA-Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Vicente-Carbajosa
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, INIA-Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joaquín Medina
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, INIA-Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Sergio G Nebauer
- Plant Physiology Area, Department of Plant Production, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain.
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21
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Renau-Morata B, Carrillo L, Dominguez-Figueroa J, Vicente-Carbajosa J, Molina RV, Nebauer SG, Medina J. CDF transcription factors: plant regulators to deal with extreme environmental conditions. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:3803-3815. [PMID: 32072179 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In terrestrial environments, water and nutrient availabilities and temperature conditions are highly variable, and especially in extreme environments limit survival, growth, and reproduction of plants. To sustain growth and maintain cell integrity under unfavourable environmental conditions, plants have developed a variety of biochemical and physiological mechanisms, orchestrated by a large set of stress-responsive genes and a complex network of transcription factors. Recently, cycling DOF factors (CDFs), a group of plant-specific transcription factors (TFs), were identified as components of the transcriptional regulatory networks involved in the control of abiotic stress responses. The majority of the members of this TF family are activated in response to a wide range of adverse environmental conditions in different plant species. CDFs regulate different aspects of plant growth and development such as photoperiodic flowering-time control and root and shoot growth. While most of the functional characterization of CDFs has been reported in Arabidopsis, recent data suggest that their diverse roles extend to other plant species. In this review, we integrate information related to structure and functions of CDFs in plants, with special emphasis on their role in plant responses to adverse environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Begoña Renau-Morata
- Departamento de Producción Vegetal, Universitat Politécnica de Valencia, Camino de Vera s/n, Valencia, Spain
| | - Laura Carrillo
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus de Montegancedo, Autopista M40 (km 38), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Dominguez-Figueroa
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus de Montegancedo, Autopista M40 (km 38), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Vicente-Carbajosa
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus de Montegancedo, Autopista M40 (km 38), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa V Molina
- Departamento de Producción Vegetal, Universitat Politécnica de Valencia, Camino de Vera s/n, Valencia, Spain
| | - Sergio G Nebauer
- Departamento de Producción Vegetal, Universitat Politécnica de Valencia, Camino de Vera s/n, Valencia, Spain
| | - Joaquín Medina
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus de Montegancedo, Autopista M40 (km 38), Madrid, Spain
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22
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Exploiting Genetic and Genomic Resources to Enhance Heat-Tolerance in Tomatoes. AGRONOMY-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/agronomy9010022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
High temperature is one of the most detrimental abiotic stresses in tomatoes. Many studies highlighted that even small increases in temperature can alter the plant reproductive system, causing a significant reduction in tomato yield. The aim of this study was to exploit the phenotypic and genomic variations of a tomato landrace collection grown at high temperatures. Fifteen genotypes were selected as the best performing in two experimental fields. The selection was based on six yield-related traits, including flower earliness, number of flowers per inflorescence, fruit set, number of fruit per plant, fruit weight and yield per plant. In order to identify markers targeting traits that could be highly influenced by adverse climate conditions, such as flowering and fruit setting, an association mapping approach was undertaken exploiting a tomato high-throughput genomic array. The phenotypic variability observed allowed us to identify a total of 15 common markers associated with the studied traits. In particular, the most relevant associations co-localized with genes involved in the floral structure development, such as the style2.1 gene, or with genes directly involved in the response to abiotic stresses. These promising candidate genes will be functionally validated and transferred to a cultivated tomato to improve its performance under high temperatures.
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23
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Dubey M, Jaiswal V, Rawoof A, Kumar A, Nitin M, Chhapekar SS, Kumar N, Ahmad I, Islam K, Brahma V, Ramchiary N. Identification of genes involved in fruit development/ripening in Capsicum and development of functional markers. Genomics 2019; 111:1913-1922. [PMID: 30615924 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The molecular mechanism of the underlying genes involved in the process of fruit ripening in Capsicum (family Solanaceae) is not clearly known. In the present study, we identified orthologs of 32 fruit development/ripening genes of tomato in Capsicum, and validated their expression in fruit development stages in C. annuum, C. frutescens, and C. chinense. In silico expression analysis using transcriptome data identified a total of 12 out of 32 genes showing differential expression during different stages of fruit development in Capsicum. Real time expression identified gene LOC107847473 (ortholog of MADS-RIN) had substantially higher expression (>500 folds) in breaker and mature fruits, which suggested the non-climacteric ripening behaviour of Capsicum. However, differential expression of Ehtylene receptor 2-like (LOC107873245) gene during fruit maturity supported the climacteric behaviour of only C. frutescens (hot pepper). Furthermore, development of 49 gene based simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers would help in selection of identified genes in Capsicum breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Dubey
- Translational and Evolutionary Genomics Lab, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India; Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Delhi 110042, India
| | - Vandana Jaiswal
- Translational and Evolutionary Genomics Lab, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Abdul Rawoof
- Translational and Evolutionary Genomics Lab, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Translational and Evolutionary Genomics Lab, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India; Department of Plant Science, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Kararagod 671316, India
| | - Mukesh Nitin
- Translational and Evolutionary Genomics Lab, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Sushil Satish Chhapekar
- Translational and Evolutionary Genomics Lab, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Nitin Kumar
- Translational and Evolutionary Genomics Lab, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India; Department of Bioengineering and Technology, Institute of Science and Technology, Gauhati University, Gopinath Bordoloi Nagar, Guwahati 781014, India
| | - Ilyas Ahmad
- Translational and Evolutionary Genomics Lab, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Khushbu Islam
- Translational and Evolutionary Genomics Lab, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Vijaya Brahma
- Translational and Evolutionary Genomics Lab, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India; School of Computational and Integrative Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Nirala Ramchiary
- Translational and Evolutionary Genomics Lab, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India; Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Delhi 110042, India.
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24
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Takei H, Shinozaki Y, Yano R, Kashojiya S, Hernould M, Chevalier C, Ezura H, Ariizumi T. Loss-of-Function of a Tomato Receptor-Like Kinase Impairs Male Fertility and Induces Parthenocarpic Fruit Set. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:403. [PMID: 31040856 PMCID: PMC6477066 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Parthenocarpy arises when an ovary develops into fruit without pollination/fertilization. The mechanisms involved in genetic parthenocarpy have attracted attention because of their potential application in plant breeding and also for their elucidation of the mechanisms involved in early fruit development. We have isolated and characterized a novel small parthenocarpic fruit and flower (spff) mutant in the tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) cultivar Micro-Tom. This plant showed both vegetative and reproductive phenotypes including dwarfism of floral organs, male sterility, delayed flowering, altered axillary shoot development, and parthenocarpic production of small fruits. Genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism array analysis coupled with mapping-by-sequencing using next generation sequencing-based high-throughput approaches resulted in the identification of a candidate locus responsible for the spff mutant phenotype. Subsequent linkage analysis and RNA interference-based silencing indicated that these phenotypes were caused by a loss-of-function mutation of a single gene (Solyc04g077010), which encodes a receptor-like protein kinase that was expressed in vascular bundles in young buds. Cytological and transcriptomic analyses suggested that parthenocarpy in the spff mutant was associated with enlarged ovarian cells and with elevated expression of the gibberellin metabolism gene, GA20ox1. Taken together, our results suggest a role for Solyc04g077010 in male organ development and indicate that loss of this receptor-like protein kinase activity could result in parthenocarpy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitomi Takei
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS), Kôjimachi, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Shinozaki
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS), Kôjimachi, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Yano
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Sachiko Kashojiya
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Michel Hernould
- UMR1332 BFP, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Villenave-d’Ornon, France
- UMR1332 BFP, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Christian Chevalier
- UMR1332 BFP, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Villenave-d’Ornon, France
| | - Hiroshi Ezura
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Tsukuba-Plant Innovation Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Tohru Ariizumi
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Tsukuba-Plant Innovation Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- *Correspondence: Tohru Ariizumi,
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Mayta ML, Arce RC, Zurbriggen MD, Valle EM, Hajirezaei MR, Zanor MI, Carrillo N. Expression of a Chloroplast-Targeted Cyanobacterial Flavodoxin in Tomato Plants Increases Harvest Index by Altering Plant Size and Productivity. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1432. [PMID: 31798604 PMCID: PMC6865847 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Tomato is the most important horticultural crop worldwide. Domestication has led to the selection of highly fruited genotypes, and the harvest index (HI), defined as the ratio of fruit yield over total plant biomass, is usually employed as a biomarker of agronomic value. Improvement of HI might then result from increased fruit production and/or lower vegetative growth. Reduction in vegetative biomass has been accomplished in various plant species by expression of flavodoxin, an electron shuttle flavoprotein that interacts with redox-based pathways of chloroplasts including photosynthesis. However, the effect of this genetic intervention on the development of reproductive organs has not been investigated. We show herein that expression of a plastid-targeted cyanobacterial flavodoxin in tomato resulted in significant reduction of plant size affecting stems, leaves, and fruit. Decreased size correlated with smaller cells and was accompanied by higher pigment contents and photosynthetic activities per leaf cross-section. Flavodoxin accumulated in green fruit but declined with ripening. Significant increases in HI were observed in flavodoxin-expressing lines due to the production of higher fruit number per plant in smaller plants. Therefore, overall yields can be enhanced by increasing plant density in the field. Metabolic profiling of ripe red fruit showed that levels of sugars, organic acids, and amino acids were similar or higher in transgenic plants, indicating that there was no trade-off between increased HI and fruit metabolite contents in flavodoxin-expressing plants. Taken together, our results show that flavodoxin has the potential to improve major agronomic traits when introduced in tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martín L. Mayta
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR-UNR/CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), Rosario, Argentina
| | - Rocío C. Arce
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR-UNR/CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), Rosario, Argentina
| | - Matias D. Zurbriggen
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR-UNR/CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), Rosario, Argentina
| | - Estela M. Valle
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR-UNR/CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), Rosario, Argentina
| | | | - María I. Zanor
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR-UNR/CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), Rosario, Argentina
- *Correspondence: María I. Zanor, ; Néstor Carrillo,
| | - Néstor Carrillo
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR-UNR/CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), Rosario, Argentina
- *Correspondence: María I. Zanor, ; Néstor Carrillo,
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Okabe Y, Yamaoka T, Ariizumi T, Ushijima K, Kojima M, Takebayashi Y, Sakakibara H, Kusano M, Shinozaki Y, Pulungan SI, Kubo Y, Nakano R, Ezura H. Aberrant Stamen Development is Associated with Parthenocarpic Fruit Set Through Up-Regulation of Gibberellin Biosynthesis in Tomato. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 60:38-51. [PMID: 30192961 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcy184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Parthenocarpy, a process in which fruit set occurs without fertilization, leads to the production of seedless fruit. A number of floral homeotic mutants with abnormal stamen development exhibit parthenocarpic fruit set. Flower development is thought to repress ovary growth before anthesis. However, the mechanism of parthenocarpic fruit development caused by aberrant flower formation is poorly understood. To investigate the molecular mechanism of parthenocarpic fruit development in floral homeotic mutants, we performed functional analysis of Tomato APETALA3 (TAP3) by loss-of-function approaches. Organ-specific promoter was used to induce organ-specific loss of function in stamen and ovary/fruit. We observed increased cell expansion in tap3 mutants and TAP3-RNAi lines during parthenocarpic fruit growth. These were predominantly accompanied by the up-regulation of GA biosynthesis genes, including SlGA20ox1, SlGA20ox2, and SlGA20ox3, as well as reduced expression of the GA-inactivating gene SlGA2ox1 and the auxin signaling gene SlARF7 involved in a crosstalk between GA and auxin. These transcriptional profiles are in agreement with the GA levels in these lines. These results suggest that stamen development negatively regulates fruit set by repressing the GA biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Okabe
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Tsukuba Plant Innovation Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Yamaoka
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life and Sciences, Okayama University, Tsushima, Okayama, Japan
| | - Tohru Ariizumi
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Tsukuba Plant Innovation Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Koichiro Ushijima
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life and Sciences, Okayama University, Tsushima, Okayama, Japan
| | - Mikiko Kojima
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22, Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yumiko Takebayashi
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22, Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Sakakibara
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22, Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Japan
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Miyako Kusano
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Tsukuba Plant Innovation Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Shinozaki
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Sri Imriani Pulungan
- Graduate School Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Kubo
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life and Sciences, Okayama University, Tsushima, Okayama, Japan
| | - Ryohei Nakano
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life and Sciences, Okayama University, Tsushima, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ezura
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Tsukuba Plant Innovation Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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27
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Somyong S, Walayaporn K, Jomchai N, Naktang C, Yodyingyong T, Phumichai C, Pootakham W, Tangphatsornruang S. Transcriptome analysis of oil palm inflorescences revealed candidate genes for an auxin signaling pathway involved in parthenocarpy. PeerJ 2018; 6:e5975. [PMID: 30588395 PMCID: PMC6301279 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Oil palm parthenocarpic fruits, which are produced without fertilization, can be targeted to increase oil content because the majority of the fruit is occupied by mesocarp, the part in which palm oil is stored. Consequently, gaining an understanding of the parthenocarpic mechanism would be instrumental for producing parthenocarpic oil palm. This study aims to determine effects of auxin treatment and analyze differentially expressed genes in oil palm pistils at the pollination/anthesis stage, using an RNA sequencing (RNA seq) approach. The auxin treatment caused 100% parthenocarpy when auxin was sprayed before stigmas opened. The parthenocarpy decreased to 55%, 8% and 5% when the auxin was sprayed 1, 2 and 3 days after the opening of stigmas, respectively. Oil palm plants used for RNA seq were plants untreated with auxin as controls and auxin-treated plants on the day before pollination and 1 day after pollination. The number of raw reads ranged from 8,425,859 to 11,811,166 reads, with an average size ranging from 99 to 137 base pairs (bp). When compared with the oil palm transcriptome, the mapped reads ranged from 8,179,948 to 11,320,799 reads, representing 95.85–98.01% of the oil palm matching. Based on five comparisons between RNA seq of treatments and controls, and confirmation using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and quantitative real-time RT-PCR expression, five candidate genes, including probable indole-3-acetic acid (IAA)-amido synthetase GH3.8 (EgGH3.8), IAA-amido synthetase GH3.1 (EgGH3.1), IAA induced ARG7 like (EgARG7), tryptophan amino transferase-related protein 3-like (EgTAA3) and flavin-containing monooxygenase 1 (EgFMO1), were differentially expressed between auxin-treated and untreated samples. This evidence suggests a pathway of parthenocarpic fruit development at the beginning of fruit development. However, more research is needed to identify which genes are definitely involved in parthenocarpy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suthasinee Somyong
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Kitti Walayaporn
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand.,Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Genetic Engineering and Bioinformatics, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nukoon Jomchai
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Chaiwat Naktang
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Tanapong Yodyingyong
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chalermpol Phumichai
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wirulda Pootakham
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Sithichoke Tangphatsornruang
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand
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Shinozaki Y, Ezura K, Hu J, Okabe Y, Bénard C, Prodhomme D, Gibon Y, Sun TP, Ezura H, Ariizumi T. Identification and functional study of a mild allele of SlDELLA gene conferring the potential for improved yield in tomato. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12043. [PMID: 30104574 PMCID: PMC6089951 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30502-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Parthenocarpy, or pollination-independent fruit set, is an attractive trait for fruit production and can be induced by increased responses to the phytohormone gibberellin (GA), which regulates diverse aspects of plant development. GA signaling in plants is negatively regulated by DELLA proteins. A loss-of-function mutant of tomato DELLA (SlDELLA), procera (pro) thus exhibits enhanced GA-response phenotypes including parthenocarpy, although the pro mutation also confers some disadvantages for practical breeding. This study identified a new milder hypomorphic allele of SlDELLA, procera-2 (pro-2), which showed weaker GA-response phenotypes than pro. The pro-2 mutant contains a single nucleotide substitution, corresponding to a single amino acid substitution in the SAW subdomain of the SlDELLA. Accumulation of the mutated SlDELLA transcripts in wild-type (WT) resulted in parthenocarpy, while introduction of intact SlDELLA into pro-2 rescued mutant phenotypes. Yeast two-hybrid assays revealed that SlDELLA interacted with three tomato homologues of GID1 GA receptors with increasing affinity upon GA treatment, while their interactions were reduced by the pro and pro-2 mutations. Both pro and pro-2 mutants produced higher fruit yields under high temperature conditions, which were resulted from higher fruit set efficiency, demonstrating the potential for genetic parthenocarpy to improve yield under adverse environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihito Shinozaki
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan
- Research Fellow of Japan Society for Promotion of Science (JSPS), Kojimachi, Tokyo, 102-0083, Japan
| | - Kentaro Ezura
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan
- Research Fellow of Japan Society for Promotion of Science (JSPS), Kojimachi, Tokyo, 102-0083, Japan
| | - Jianhong Hu
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, 27708, USA
| | - Yoshihiro Okabe
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan
| | - Camille Bénard
- UMR 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, INRA, Univ, Bordeaux, Villenave d'Ornon, F-33883, France
| | - Duyen Prodhomme
- UMR 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, INRA, Univ, Bordeaux, Villenave d'Ornon, F-33883, France
| | - Yves Gibon
- UMR 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, INRA, Univ, Bordeaux, Villenave d'Ornon, F-33883, France
| | - Tai-Ping Sun
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, 27708, USA
| | - Hiroshi Ezura
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan
| | - Tohru Ariizumi
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan.
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Yamada R, Murai K, Uchida N, Takahashi K, Iwasaki R, Tada Y, Kinoshita T, Itami K, Torii KU, Hagihara S. A Super Strong Engineered Auxin-TIR1 Pair. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 59:1538-1544. [PMID: 29986114 PMCID: PMC6084576 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcy127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Auxin regulates diverse aspects of plant growth and development through induction of the interaction between TRANSPORT INHIBITOR RESPONSE 1/AUXIN SIGNALING F-BOX proteins (TIR1/AFBs) and AUXIN/INDOLE-3-ACETIC ACID (Aux/IAA) co-receptor proteins and the subsequent transcriptional regulation. The artificial control of endogenous auxin signaling should enable the precise delineation of auxin-mediated biological events as well as the agricultural application of auxin. To this end, we previously developed a synthetic auxin-receptor pair that consists of 5-(3-methoxyphenyl)-IAA (convexIAA, cvxIAA) and the engineered TIR1 whose phenylalanine at position 79 in the auxin-binding pocket is substituted to glycine (TIR1F79G) (concaveTIR1, ccvTIR1). This synthetic auxin-receptor pair works orthogonally to natural auxin signaling in transgenic plants harboring the engineered TIR1 by exogenous application of 5-(3-methoxyphenyl)-IAA, and has potential to be utilized as novel agricultural/horticultural tools. In the present study, we report an improved version of the synthetic cvxIAA-ccvTIR1 pair such that synthetic IAA can act at lower concentrations. Using a yeast two-hybrid system, we screened various 5-substituted IAAs and identified 5-adamantyl-IAA, named pico_cvxIAA, which mediates interaction of TIR1F79G and IAA3 proteins at a 1,000-fold lower concentration than the original version, 5-(3-methoxyphenyl)-IAA. Furthermore, we found that TIR1F79A interacts with IAA3 protein in the presence of picomolar concentrations of 5-adamantyl-IAA, 10,000-fold lower than our prototype version of the cvxIAA-ccvTIR1 pair. In addition, pull-down assays confirmed that 5-adamantyl-IAA mediates in vitro interaction of TIR1F79A and IAA7-DII peptides at lower concentrations. The improved synthetic IAA-TIR1 pair with high affinity would be beneficial for basic science as well as for practical use in agriculture/horticulture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryotaro Yamada
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Keiichiro Murai
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Uchida
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Koji Takahashi
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Rie Iwasaki
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yasuomi Tada
- Center for Gene Research, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Toshinori Kinoshita
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Itami
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Keiko U Torii
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Corresponding authors: Keiko U. Torii, E-mail, ; Fax, +1-206-685-1728; Shinya Hagihara, E-mail,
| | - Shinya Hagihara
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan
- Corresponding authors: Keiko U. Torii, E-mail, ; Fax, +1-206-685-1728; Shinya Hagihara, E-mail,
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Shinozaki Y, Ezura H, Ariizumi T. The role of ethylene in the regulation of ovary senescence and fruit set in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2018; 13:e1146844. [PMID: 26934126 PMCID: PMC5933915 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2016.1146844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Fruit set is the developmental transition from ovary to young fruit, and generally requires pollination and fertilization. Although the mechanism for fruit set remains elusive, several lines of evidence have demonstrated that fruit set is triggered by activated metabolism of or increased sensitivity to the plant hormones auxin or gibberellins (GAs), which stimulate cell division and expansion within the ovary. Our recent study with tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) suggested that the gaseous hormone ethylene connects auxin and GA, suppressing initiation of fruit set by down-regulating GA accumulation. By contrast, reduced sensitivity to ethylene triggers accumulation of GA, but not auxin, through increasing bioactive GA biosynthesis and decreasing GA inactivation. These changes induce parthenocarpy accompanied by pollination-independent cell expansion in the ovary. Here, we provide evidence that ethylene likely promotes mRNA expression of the senescence-associated genes SlSAG12 and SlNAP in unpollinated ovaries. These results suggest that ethylene acts downstream of auxin and upstream of GA, and also suggest that ethylene promotes senescence of ovary that fail to set fruit in tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihito Shinozaki
- Graduate School of Environmental Sciences, Gene Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ezura
- Graduate School of Environmental Sciences, Gene Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Tohru Ariizumi
- Graduate School of Environmental Sciences, Gene Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- CONTACT Tohru Ariizumi
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Truffault V, Riqueau G, Garchery C, Gautier H, Stevens RG. Is monodehydroascorbate reductase activity in leaf tissue critical for the maintenance of yield in tomato? JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 222:1-8. [PMID: 29287283 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2017.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Ascorbate redox metabolism and growth have been shown to be linked and related to the activity of enzymes that produce or remove the radical monodehydroascorbate, the semi-oxidized form of ascorbate (ascorbate oxidase or peroxidase and monodehydroascorbate reductase respectively). Previous work in cherry tomato has revealed correlations between monodehydroascorbate reductase and ascorbate oxidase activity and fruit yield: decreased whole plant MDHAR activity decreases yield while decreased whole plant ascorbate oxidase activity increases yield under unfavourable environmental conditions. We aimed to investigate if similar effects on yield are obtained in a large-fruited variety of tomato, Moneymaker. Furthermore we wished to establish whether previously observed effects on yield in cherry tomato following changes in whole plant enzyme activity could be reproduced by reducing MDHAR activity in fruit only by using a fruit-specific promoter in cherry tomato (West Virginia 106). In Moneymaker, RNAi lines for monodehydroascorbate reductase did not show significant yield decrease compared to control lines when plants were grown under optimal or non-optimal conditions of carbon stress generated by mature leaf removal. In addition, we show that a decrease in monodehydroascorbate reductase activity in fruit of cherry tomato had no effect on yield compared to a reduction in whole-plant monodehydroascorbate reductase activity: we therefore show that whole plant MDHAR activity is necessary to maintain yield in cherry tomato, suggesting that the carbon source in autotrophic tissue is more important than fruit sink activity. The present data also revealed differences between cherry and large fruited tomato that could be linked to a source of genetic variability in the response to monodehydroascorbate metabolism in tomato: maybe the domestication of tomato towards large-fruited lines could have affected the importance of MDHAR in yield maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Truffault
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, INRA, UR1052, Génétique et Amélioration des Fruits et Légumes, CS60094, 84143 Montfavet, France; INRA, UR1115, Plantes et Systèmes de culture Horticoles, CS40509, 84914 Avignon Cedex 9, France
| | - Gisèle Riqueau
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, INRA, UR1052, Génétique et Amélioration des Fruits et Légumes, CS60094, 84143 Montfavet, France
| | - Cécile Garchery
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, INRA, UR1052, Génétique et Amélioration des Fruits et Légumes, CS60094, 84143 Montfavet, France
| | - Hélène Gautier
- INRA, UR1115, Plantes et Systèmes de culture Horticoles, CS40509, 84914 Avignon Cedex 9, France
| | - Rebecca G Stevens
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, INRA, UR1052, Génétique et Amélioration des Fruits et Légumes, CS60094, 84143 Montfavet, France.
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Ezura K, Ji-Seong K, Mori K, Suzuki Y, Kuhara S, Ariizumi T, Ezura H. Genome-wide identification of pistil-specific genes expressed during fruit set initiation in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180003. [PMID: 28683065 PMCID: PMC5500324 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Fruit set involves the developmental transition of an unfertilized quiescent ovary in the pistil into a fruit. While fruit set is known to involve the activation of signals (including various plant hormones) in the ovary, many biological aspects of this process remain elusive. To further expand our understanding of this process, we identified genes that are specifically expressed in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) pistils during fruit set through comprehensive RNA-seq-based transcriptome analysis using 17 different tissues including pistils at six different developmental stages. First, we identified 532 candidate genes that are preferentially expressed in the pistil based on their tissue-specific expression profiles. Next, we compared our RNA-seq data with publically available transcriptome data, further refining the candidate genes that are specifically expressed within the pistil. As a result, 108 pistil-specific genes were identified, including several transcription factor genes that function in reproductive development. We also identified genes encoding hormone-like peptides with a secretion signal and cysteine-rich residues that are conserved among some Solanaceae species, suggesting that peptide hormones may function as signaling molecules during fruit set initiation. This study provides important information about pistil-specific genes, which may play specific roles in regulating pistil development in relation to fruit set.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Ezura
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kim Ji-Seong
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kazuki Mori
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yutaka Suzuki
- Department of Computational Biology, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Satoru Kuhara
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tohru Ariizumi
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ezura
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Renau-Morata B, Molina RV, Carrillo L, Cebolla-Cornejo J, Sánchez-Perales M, Pollmann S, Domínguez-Figueroa J, Corrales AR, Flexas J, Vicente-Carbajosa J, Medina J, Nebauer SG. Ectopic Expression of CDF3 Genes in Tomato Enhances Biomass Production and Yield under Salinity Stress Conditions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:660. [PMID: 28515731 PMCID: PMC5414387 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Cycling Dof Factor (CDF) transcription factors (TFs) are involved in multiple processes related to plant growth and development. A member of this family, CDF3, has recently been linked in Arabidopsis to the regulation of primary metabolism and abiotic stress responses, but its role in crop production under stress is still unknown. In this study, we characterized tomato plants overexpressing the CDF3 genes from Arabidopsis and tomato and analyzed their effects on growth and yield under salinity, additionally gaining deeper insights into the molecular function of these TFs. Our results provide evidence for higher biomass production and yield in the 35S::AtCDF3 and 35S::SlCDF3 plants, likely due to a higher photosynthetic capacity resulting in increased sucrose availability. Transcriptome analysis revealed that CDF3 genes regulate a set of genes involved in redox homeostasis, photosynthesis performance and primary metabolism that lead to enhanced biomass production. Consistently, metabolomic profiling revealed that CDF3 evokes changes in the primary metabolism triggering enhanced nitrogen assimilation, and disclosed that the amount of some protective metabolites including sucrose, GABA and asparagine were higher in vegetative tissues of CDF3 overexpressing plants. Altogether these changes improved performance of 35S::AtCDF3 and 35S::SlCDF3 plants under salinity conditions. Moreover, the overexpression of CDF3 genes modified organic acid and sugar content in fruits, improving variables related to flavor perception and fruit quality. Overall, our results associate the CDF3 TF with a role in the control of growth and C/N metabolism, and highlight that overexpression of CDF3 genes can substantially improve plant yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Begoña Renau-Morata
- Área de Fisiología Vegetal, Universitat Politècnica de ValènciaValència, Spain
| | - Rosa V. Molina
- Área de Fisiología Vegetal, Universitat Politècnica de ValènciaValència, Spain
| | - Laura Carrillo
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de PlantasMadrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jaume Flexas
- Departamento de Biología, Universitat de les Illes BalearsPalma, Spain
| | | | - Joaquín Medina
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de PlantasMadrid, Spain
| | - Sergio G. Nebauer
- Área de Fisiología Vegetal, Universitat Politècnica de ValènciaValència, Spain
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Klap C, Yeshayahou E, Bolger AM, Arazi T, Gupta SK, Shabtai S, Usadel B, Salts Y, Barg R. Tomato facultative parthenocarpy results from SlAGAMOUS-LIKE 6 loss of function. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2017; 15:634-647. [PMID: 27862876 PMCID: PMC5399002 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The extreme sensitivity of the microsporogenesis process to moderately high or low temperatures is a major hindrance for tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) sexual reproduction and hence year-round cropping. Consequently, breeding for parthenocarpy, namely, fertilization-independent fruit set, is considered a valuable goal especially for maintaining sustainable agriculture in the face of global warming. A mutant capable of setting high-quality seedless (parthenocarpic) fruit was found following a screen of EMS-mutagenized tomato population for yielding under heat stress. Next-generation sequencing followed by marker-assisted mapping and CRISPR/Cas9 gene knockout confirmed that a mutation in SlAGAMOUS-LIKE 6 (SlAGL6) was responsible for the parthenocarpic phenotype. The mutant is capable of fruit production under heat stress conditions that severely hamper fertilization-dependent fruit set. Different from other tomato recessive monogenic mutants for parthenocarpy, Slagl6 mutations impose no homeotic changes, the seedless fruits are of normal weight and shape, pollen viability is unaffected, and sexual reproduction capacity is maintained, thus making Slagl6 an attractive gene for facultative parthenocarpy. The characteristics of the analysed mutant combined with the gene's mode of expression imply SlAGL6 as a key regulator of the transition between the state of 'ovary arrest' imposed towards anthesis and the fertilization-triggered fruit set.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Klap
- The Institute of Plant SciencesThe Volcani CenterAgricultural Research OrganizationRishon LeZionIsrael
| | - Ester Yeshayahou
- The Institute of Plant SciencesThe Volcani CenterAgricultural Research OrganizationRishon LeZionIsrael
| | | | - Tzahi Arazi
- The Institute of Plant SciencesThe Volcani CenterAgricultural Research OrganizationRishon LeZionIsrael
| | - Suresh K. Gupta
- The Institute of Plant SciencesThe Volcani CenterAgricultural Research OrganizationRishon LeZionIsrael
| | - Sara Shabtai
- The Institute of Plant SciencesThe Volcani CenterAgricultural Research OrganizationRishon LeZionIsrael
| | - Björn Usadel
- Institut für Biologie IRWTH AachenAachenGermany
- Institut für Bio‐und Geowissenschaften 2 (IBG‐2) Plant SciencesForschungszentrum JülichJülichGermany
| | - Yehiam Salts
- The Institute of Plant SciencesThe Volcani CenterAgricultural Research OrganizationRishon LeZionIsrael
| | - Rivka Barg
- The Institute of Plant SciencesThe Volcani CenterAgricultural Research OrganizationRishon LeZionIsrael
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35
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Ueta R, Abe C, Watanabe T, Sugano SS, Ishihara R, Ezura H, Osakabe Y, Osakabe K. Rapid breeding of parthenocarpic tomato plants using CRISPR/Cas9. Sci Rep 2017; 7:507. [PMID: 28360425 PMCID: PMC5428692 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00501-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Parthenocarpy in horticultural crop plants is an important trait with agricultural value for various industrial purposes as well as direct eating quality. Here, we demonstrate a breeding strategy to generate parthenocarpic tomato plants using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. We optimized the CRISPR/Cas9 system to introduce somatic mutations effectively into SlIAA9-a key gene controlling parthenocarpy-with mutation rates of up to 100% in the T0 generation. Furthermore, analysis of off-target mutations using deep sequencing indicated that our customized gRNAs induced no additional mutations in the host genome. Regenerated mutants exhibited morphological changes in leaf shape and seedless fruit-a characteristic of parthenocarpic tomato. And the segregated next generation (T1) also showed a severe phenotype associated with the homozygous mutated genome. The system developed here could be applied to produce parthenocarpic tomato in a wide variety of cultivars, as well as other major horticultural crops, using this precise and rapid breeding technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risa Ueta
- Graduate School of Advanced Technology and Science, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Chihiro Abe
- Graduate School of Advanced Technology and Science, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Takahito Watanabe
- Center for Collaboration among Agriculture, Industry, and Commerce, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Shigeo S Sugano
- Center for Collaboration among Agriculture, Industry, and Commerce, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Ishihara
- Graduate School of Advanced Technology and Science, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ezura
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yuriko Osakabe
- Faculty of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Keishi Osakabe
- Faculty of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan.
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36
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Targeted base editing in rice and tomato using a CRISPR-Cas9 cytidine deaminase fusion. Nat Biotechnol 2017; 35:441-443. [PMID: 28346401 DOI: 10.1038/nbt.3833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 418] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We applied a fusion of CRISPR-Cas9 and activation-induced cytidine deaminase (Target-AID) for point mutagenesis at genomic regions specified by single guide RNAs (sgRNAs) in two crop plants. In rice, we induced multiple herbicide-resistance point mutations by multiplexed editing using herbicide selection, while in tomato we generated marker-free plants with homozygous heritable DNA substitutions, demonstrating the feasibility of base editing for crop improvement.
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37
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Tu D, Luo Z, Wu B, Ma X, Shi H, Mo C, Huang J, Xie W. Developmental, chemical and transcriptional characteristics of artificially pollinated and hormone-induced parthenocarpic fruits of Siraitia grosvenorii. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra28341a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Unpollinated ovaries of Siraitia grosvenorii grew parthenocarpically in response to the application of GA3 and CPPU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongping Tu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College
- Beijing 100193
- China
- Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Zuliang Luo
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College
- Beijing 100193
- China
| | - Bin Wu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College
- Beijing 100193
- China
| | - Xiaojun Ma
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College
- Beijing 100193
- China
| | - Hongwu Shi
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College
- Beijing 100193
- China
| | - Changming Mo
- Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants
- Nanning 530023
- China
| | - Jie Huang
- Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants
- Nanning 530023
- China
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Li H, Qi M, Sun M, Liu Y, Liu Y, Xu T, Li Y, Li T. Tomato Transcription Factor SlWUS Plays an Important Role in Tomato Flower and Locule Development. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:457. [PMID: 28408915 PMCID: PMC5374213 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Tomato is a model species for fleshy fruit development. The shapes and sizes of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) are mainly controlled by several loci, including locule number (lc). Two single nucleotide polymorphisms were found downstream of WUSCHEL (SlWUS) in a putative tomato CArG cis-regulatory element. The lc mutation may affect the binding of AGAMOUS(AG), cause the up-regulation of SlWUS and result in increased locule numbers. In this study, tissue expression levels showed that SlWUS is expressed in young floral buds and shoot apexes. Silencing SlWUS on an lc mutant genetic background with an RNA interference (RNAi) strategy resulted in smaller flowers and fruit than those of the wild-type plants, with decreased locule number. Further study revealed that the SlWUS RNAi lines exhibited altered expression levels of the TAG1 and SlCLV3 genes that participate in the regulation of tomato flower and fruit locule development. In conclusion, this study provides the first genetic evidence that SlWUS may be the candidate gene of the lc locus and reveals the function of SlWUS in flower development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Agricultural UniversityShenyang, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Protected Vegetable Surround Bohai Gulf RegionShenyang, China
| | - Mingfang Qi
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Agricultural UniversityShenyang, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Protected Vegetable Surround Bohai Gulf RegionShenyang, China
| | - Meihua Sun
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Agricultural UniversityShenyang, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Protected Vegetable Surround Bohai Gulf RegionShenyang, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Liaoyang Academy of Agricultural and Forestry ScienceLiaoyang, China
| | - Yudong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Agricultural UniversityShenyang, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Protected Vegetable Surround Bohai Gulf RegionShenyang, China
| | - Tao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Agricultural UniversityShenyang, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Protected Vegetable Surround Bohai Gulf RegionShenyang, China
| | - Yanbing Li
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Agricultural UniversityShenyang, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Protected Vegetable Surround Bohai Gulf RegionShenyang, China
| | - Tianlai Li
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Agricultural UniversityShenyang, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Protected Vegetable Surround Bohai Gulf RegionShenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Tianlai Li,
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Ruiu F, Picarella ME, Imanishi S, Mazzucato A. A transcriptomic approach to identify regulatory genes involved in fruit set of wild-type and parthenocarpic tomato genotypes. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 89:263-78. [PMID: 26319515 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-015-0367-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The tomato parthenocarpic fruit (pat) mutation associates a strong competence for parthenocarpy with homeotic transformation of anthers and aberrancy of ovules. To dissect this complex floral phenotype, genes involved in the pollination-independent fruit set of the pat mutant were investigated by microarray analysis using wild-type and mutant ovaries. Normalized expression data were subjected to one-way ANOVA and 2499 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) displaying a >1.5 log-fold change in at least one of the pairwise comparisons analyzed were detected. DEGs were categorized into 20 clusters and clusters classified into five groups representing transcripts with similar expression dynamics. The "regulatory function" group (685 DEGs) contained putative negative or positive fruit set regulators, "pollination-dependent" (411 DEGs) included genes activated by pollination, "fruit growth-related" (815 DEGs) genes activated at early fruit growth. The last groups listed genes with different or similar expression pattern at all stages in the two genotypes. qRT-PCR validation of 20 DEGs plus other four selected genes assessed the high reliability of microarray expression data; the average correlation coefficient for the 20 DEGs was 0.90. In all the groups were evidenced relevant transcription factors encoding proteins regulating meristem differentiation and floral organ development, genes involved in metabolism, transport and response of hormones, genes involved in cell division and in primary and secondary metabolism. Among pathways related to secondary metabolites emerged genes related to the synthesis of flavonoids, supporting the recent evidence that these compounds are important at the fruit set phase. Selected genes showing a de-regulated expression pattern in pat were studied in other four parthenocarpic genotypes either genetically anonymous or carrying lesions in known gene sequences. This comparative approach offered novel insights for improving the present molecular understanding of fruit set and parthenocarpy in tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Ruiu
- Department of Science and Technologies for Agriculture, Forestry, Nature and Energy (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Via S.C. de Lellis snc, 01100, Viterbo, Italy
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055, Portici, Italy
| | - Maurizio Enea Picarella
- Department of Science and Technologies for Agriculture, Forestry, Nature and Energy (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Via S.C. de Lellis snc, 01100, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Shunsuke Imanishi
- NARO Institute of Vegetable and Tea Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 360 Kusawa, Ano, Tsu, Mie, 514-2392, Japan
| | - Andrea Mazzucato
- Department of Science and Technologies for Agriculture, Forestry, Nature and Energy (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Via S.C. de Lellis snc, 01100, Viterbo, Italy.
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40
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Cao L, Liu B, Li J, Yu N, Zou X, Chen L. Light- and temperature-regulated BjAPY2 may have a role in stem expansion of Brassica juncea. Funct Integr Genomics 2015; 15:753-62. [PMID: 26277720 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-015-0458-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Revised: 07/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Tuber mustard (Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. et Coss. var. tumida Tsen et Lee) is an important vegetable crop with a characteristic of expanded stem that is edible. The underlying molecular mechanism of the stem expansion is not well understood. Here, we reported that a total of 51 differentially expressed fragments (DEFs) with three expression patterns during stem expansion of tuber mustard were identified by cDNA-AFLP analysis. Among the DEFs, DEF11 with high homology to Arabidopsis thaliana apyrase 2 (AtAPY2) that encodes an enzyme with ATPase and ADPase activity was development- and tissue-specific. DEF11 was thus renamed as BjAPY2. The expression levels of BjAPY2 increased with the stem expression and were the highest at stage IV, a developmental stage at which the stem expanded most rapidly. In contrast, the BjAPY2 expression levels in leaves were much lower and remained unchanged during leaf development and expansion, suggesting that BjAPY2 was closely associated with the expansion of stems but not of leaves in the tuber mustard. Interestingly, the expression of BjAPY2 was higher in the mustard under short-day (SD) photoperiod (8 h/16 h) than that under long-day (LD) photoperiod (16 h/8 h); similarly, the transcript levels of BjAPY2 were higher in the mustard grown at low temperature (14 °C/12 °C) than that at high temperature (26 °C /24 °C). The SD photoperiod and low temperature were two environmental conditions that favored the mustard stem expansion. Further cloning and analysis of the promoter region of BjAPY2 revealed that there were indeed several types of motifs in the promoter region, including the light and temperature responsive elements. These results suggested that BjAPY2 might play an important role during the stem expansion of the tuber mustard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwen Cao
- Institute of Vegetable Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China. .,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China.
| | - Bin Liu
- Institute of Vegetable Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China. .,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China.
| | - Junxing Li
- Institute of Vegetable Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China. .,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ningning Yu
- Institute of Vegetable Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China. .,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaoxia Zou
- Institute of Vegetable Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China. .,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China.
| | - Liping Chen
- Institute of Vegetable Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China. .,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China.
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Shinozaki Y, Hao S, Kojima M, Sakakibara H, Ozeki-Iida Y, Zheng Y, Fei Z, Zhong S, Giovannoni JJ, Rose JKC, Okabe Y, Heta Y, Ezura H, Ariizumi T. Ethylene suppresses tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit set through modification of gibberellin metabolism. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 83:237-51. [PMID: 25996898 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Revised: 04/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Fruit set in angiosperms marks the transition from flowering to fruit production and a commitment to seed dispersal. Studies with Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) fruit have shown that pollination and subsequent fertilization induce the biosynthesis of several hormones, including auxin and gibberellins (GAs), which stimulate fruit set. Circumstantial evidence suggests that the gaseous hormone ethylene may also influence fruit set, but this has yet to be substantiated with molecular or mechanistic data. Here, we examined fruit set at the biochemical and genetic levels, using hormone and inhibitor treatments, and mutants that affect auxin or ethylene signaling. The expression of system-1 ethylene biosynthetic genes and the production of ethylene decreased during pollination-dependent fruit set in wild-type tomato and during pollination-independent fruit set in the auxin hypersensitive mutant iaa9-3. Blocking ethylene perception in emasculated flowers, using either the ethylene-insensitive Sletr1-1 mutation or 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), resulted in elongated parthenocarpic fruit and increased cell expansion, whereas simultaneous treatment with the GA biosynthesis inhibitor paclobutrazol (PAC) inhibited parthenocarpy. Additionally, the application of the ethylene precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) to pollinated ovaries reduced fruit set. Furthermore, Sletr1-1 parthenocarpic fruits did not exhibit increased auxin accumulation, but rather had elevated levels of bioactive GAs, most likely reflecting an increase in transcripts encoding the GA-biosynthetic enzyme SlGA20ox3, as well as a reduction in the levels of transcripts encoding the GA-inactivating enzymes SlGA2ox4 and SlGA2ox5. Taken together, our results suggest that ethylene plays a role in tomato fruit set by suppressing GA metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihito Shinozaki
- Graduate School of Environmental Sciences, Gene Research Center, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, 305-8572, Japan
| | - Shuhei Hao
- Graduate School of Environmental Sciences, Gene Research Center, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, 305-8572, Japan
| | - Mikiko Kojima
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22, Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Sakakibara
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22, Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Yuko Ozeki-Iida
- Graduate School of Environmental Sciences, Gene Research Center, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, 305-8572, Japan
| | - Yi Zheng
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Zhangjun Fei
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Silin Zhong
- Partner State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - James J Giovannoni
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- U.S. Department of Agriculture/Agriculture Research Service, Robert W. Holley Centre for Agriculture and Health, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Jocelyn K C Rose
- Plant Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Yoshihiro Okabe
- Graduate School of Environmental Sciences, Gene Research Center, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, 305-8572, Japan
| | - Yumi Heta
- Graduate School of Environmental Sciences, Gene Research Center, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, 305-8572, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ezura
- Graduate School of Environmental Sciences, Gene Research Center, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, 305-8572, Japan
| | - Tohru Ariizumi
- Graduate School of Environmental Sciences, Gene Research Center, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, 305-8572, Japan
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Giménez E, Dominguez E, Pineda B, Heredia A, Moreno V, Lozano R, Angosto T. Transcriptional Activity of the MADS Box ARLEQUIN/TOMATO AGAMOUS-LIKE1 Gene Is Required for Cuticle Development of Tomato Fruit. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 168:1036-48. [PMID: 26019301 PMCID: PMC4741332 DOI: 10.1104/pp.15.00469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Fruit development and ripening entail key biological and agronomic events, which ensure the appropriate formation and dispersal of seeds and determine productivity and yield quality traits. The MADS box gene Arlequin/tomato Agamous-like1 (hereafter referred to as TAGL1) was reported as a key regulator of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) reproductive development, mainly involved in flower development, early fruit development, and ripening. It is shown here that silencing of the TAGL1 gene (RNA interference lines) promotes significant changes affecting cuticle development, mainly a reduction of thickness and stiffness, as well as a significant decrease in the content of cuticle components (cutin, waxes, polysaccharides, and phenolic compounds). Accordingly, overexpression of TAGL1 significantly increased the amount of cuticle and most of its components while rendering a mechanically weak cuticle. Expression of the genes involved in cuticle biosynthesis agreed with the biochemical and biomechanical features of cuticles isolated from transgenic fruits; it also indicated that TAGL1 participates in the transcriptional control of cuticle development mediating the biosynthesis of cuticle components. Furthermore, cell morphology and the arrangement of epidermal cell layers, on whose activity cuticle formation depends, were altered when TAGL1 was either silenced or constitutively expressed, indicating that this transcription factor regulates cuticle development, probably through the biosynthetic activity of epidermal cells. Our results also support cuticle development as an integrated event in the fruit expansion and ripening processes that characterize fleshy-fruited species such as tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estela Giménez
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Agroalimentaria, Universidad de Almería, 04120 Almeria, Spain (E.G., R.L., T.A.);Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea La Mayora, Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 29750 Algarrobo-Costa, Malaga, Spain (E.D., A.H.); andInstituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 46022 Valencia, Spain (B.P., V.M.)
| | - Eva Dominguez
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Agroalimentaria, Universidad de Almería, 04120 Almeria, Spain (E.G., R.L., T.A.);Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea La Mayora, Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 29750 Algarrobo-Costa, Malaga, Spain (E.D., A.H.); andInstituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 46022 Valencia, Spain (B.P., V.M.)
| | - Benito Pineda
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Agroalimentaria, Universidad de Almería, 04120 Almeria, Spain (E.G., R.L., T.A.);Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea La Mayora, Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 29750 Algarrobo-Costa, Malaga, Spain (E.D., A.H.); andInstituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 46022 Valencia, Spain (B.P., V.M.)
| | - Antonio Heredia
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Agroalimentaria, Universidad de Almería, 04120 Almeria, Spain (E.G., R.L., T.A.);Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea La Mayora, Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 29750 Algarrobo-Costa, Malaga, Spain (E.D., A.H.); andInstituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 46022 Valencia, Spain (B.P., V.M.)
| | - Vicente Moreno
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Agroalimentaria, Universidad de Almería, 04120 Almeria, Spain (E.G., R.L., T.A.);Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea La Mayora, Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 29750 Algarrobo-Costa, Malaga, Spain (E.D., A.H.); andInstituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 46022 Valencia, Spain (B.P., V.M.)
| | - Rafael Lozano
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Agroalimentaria, Universidad de Almería, 04120 Almeria, Spain (E.G., R.L., T.A.);Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea La Mayora, Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 29750 Algarrobo-Costa, Malaga, Spain (E.D., A.H.); andInstituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 46022 Valencia, Spain (B.P., V.M.)
| | - Trinidad Angosto
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Agroalimentaria, Universidad de Almería, 04120 Almeria, Spain (E.G., R.L., T.A.);Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea La Mayora, Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 29750 Algarrobo-Costa, Malaga, Spain (E.D., A.H.); andInstituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 46022 Valencia, Spain (B.P., V.M.)
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Liu X, Li J, Huang M, Chen J. Mechanisms for the influence of citrus rootstocks on fruit size. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:2618-27. [PMID: 25693745 DOI: 10.1021/jf505843n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
To obtain insight into potential mechanisms underlying the influence of rootstock on fruit size, we performed a comparative analysis of 'Shatangju' mandarin grafted onto two rootstocks. The results demonstrated that trees grafted onto Canton lemon produced larger fruits through an enhancement of cell expansion in the ripening period. The difference in fruit size may be due to greater auxin levels in fruits from trees on Canton lemon, and different auxin levels may be produced by parent trees as the result of AUX1 upregulation. Rootstocks also modulate auxin signaling by affecting the transcription of several auxin response factor genes. There were higher abscisic acid concentrations in fruits of 'Shatangju'/Trifoliate orange, resulting in an inhibition of fruit growth and cell expansion through suppression of the synthesis of growth promoting hormones. Furthermore, expansins may be involved in the regulation of final fruit size by influencing cell expansion. Multiple pathways likely exist in citrus rootstocks that regulate fruit size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Liu
- †College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 501642, China
| | - Juan Li
- ‡Department of Horticulture, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Min Huang
- §Guangdong AIB Polytechnic College, Guangzhou 510507, China
| | - Jiezhong Chen
- †College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 501642, China
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Hirakawa H, Shirasawa K, Miyatake K, Nunome T, Negoro S, Ohyama A, Yamaguchi H, Sato S, Isobe S, Tabata S, Fukuoka H. Draft genome sequence of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.): the representative solanum species indigenous to the old world. DNA Res 2014; 21:649-60. [PMID: 25233906 PMCID: PMC4263298 DOI: 10.1093/dnares/dsu027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Unlike other important Solanaceae crops such as tomato, potato, chili pepper, and tobacco, all of which originated in South America and are cultivated worldwide, eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) is indigenous to the Old World and in this respect it is phylogenetically unique. To broaden our knowledge of the genomic nature of solanaceous plants further, we dissected the eggplant genome and built a draft genome dataset with 33,873 scaffolds termed SME_r2.5.1 that covers 833.1 Mb, ca. 74% of the eggplant genome. Approximately 90% of the gene space was estimated to be covered by SME_r2.5.1 and 85,446 genes were predicted in the genome. Clustering analysis of the predicted genes of eggplant along with the genes of three other solanaceous plants as well as Arabidopsis thaliana revealed that, of the 35,000 clusters generated, 4,018 were exclusively composed of eggplant genes that would perhaps confer eggplant-specific traits. Between eggplant and tomato, 16,573 pairs of genes were deduced to be orthologous, and 9,489 eggplant scaffolds could be mapped onto the tomato genome. Furthermore, 56 conserved synteny blocks were identified between the two species. The detailed comparative analysis of the eggplant and tomato genomes will facilitate our understanding of the genomic architecture of solanaceous plants, which will contribute to cultivation and further utilization of these crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Hirakawa
- Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa-kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Kenta Shirasawa
- Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa-kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Koji Miyatake
- NARO Institute of Vegetable and Tea Science (NIVTS), 360 Kusawa, Ano, Tsu, Mie 514-2392, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Nunome
- NARO Institute of Vegetable and Tea Science (NIVTS), 360 Kusawa, Ano, Tsu, Mie 514-2392, Japan
| | - Satomi Negoro
- NARO Institute of Vegetable and Tea Science (NIVTS), 360 Kusawa, Ano, Tsu, Mie 514-2392, Japan
| | - Akio Ohyama
- NARO Institute of Vegetable and Tea Science (NIVTS), 360 Kusawa, Ano, Tsu, Mie 514-2392, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Yamaguchi
- NARO Institute of Vegetable and Tea Science (NIVTS), 360 Kusawa, Ano, Tsu, Mie 514-2392, Japan
| | - Shusei Sato
- Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa-kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Sachiko Isobe
- Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa-kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Satoshi Tabata
- Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa-kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Fukuoka
- NARO Institute of Vegetable and Tea Science (NIVTS), 360 Kusawa, Ano, Tsu, Mie 514-2392, Japan
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Albacete A, Cantero-Navarro E, Balibrea ME, Großkinsky DK, de la Cruz González M, Martínez-Andújar C, Smigocki AC, Roitsch T, Pérez-Alfocea F. Hormonal and metabolic regulation of tomato fruit sink activity and yield under salinity. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2014; 65:6081-95. [PMID: 25170099 PMCID: PMC4203140 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Salinization of water and soil has a negative impact on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) productivity by reducing growth of sink organs and by inducing senescence in source leaves. It has been hypothesized that yield stability implies the maintenance or increase of sink activity in the reproductive structures, thus contributing to the transport of assimilates from the source leaves through changes in sucrolytic enzymes and their regulation by phytohormones. In this study, classical and functional physiological approaches have been integrated to study the influence of metabolic and hormonal factors on tomato fruit sink activity, growth, and yield: (i) exogenous hormones were applied to plants, and (ii) transgenic plants overexpressing the cell wall invertase (cwInv) gene CIN1 in the fruits and de novo cytokinin (CK) biosynthesis gene IPT in the roots were constructed. Although salinity reduces fruit growth, sink activity, and trans-zeatin (tZ) concentrations, it increases the ethylene precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) during the actively growing period (25 days after anthesis). Indeed, exogenous application of the CK analogue kinetin to salinized actively growing fruits recovered sucrolytic activities (mainly cwInv and sucrose synthase), sink strength, and fruit weight, whereas the ethylene-releasing compound ethephon had a negative effect in equivalent non-stressed fruits. Fruit yield was increased by both the constitutive expression of CIN1 in the fruits (up to 4-fold) or IPT in the root (up to 30%), owing to an increase in the fruit number (lower flower abortion) and in fruit weight. This is possibly related to a recovery of sink activity in reproductive tissues due to both (i) increase in sucrolytic activities (cwInv, sucrose synthase, and vacuolar and cytoplasmic invertases) and tZ concentration, and (ii) a decrease in the ACC levels and the activity of the invertase inhibitor. This study provides new functional evidences about the role of metabolic and hormonal inter-regulation of local sink processes in controlling tomato fruit sink activity, growth, and yield under salinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Albacete
- Department of Plant Nutrition, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain Institute of Plant Sciences, Department of Plant Physiology, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | | | - María E Balibrea
- Department of Plant Nutrition, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Dominik K Großkinsky
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Department of Plant Physiology, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, University of Copenhagen, Højbakkegård Allé 13, DK-2630 Taastrup, Denmark
| | | | | | - Ann C Smigocki
- Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, USDA, ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Thomas Roitsch
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Department of Plant Physiology, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, University of Copenhagen, Højbakkegård Allé 13, DK-2630 Taastrup, Denmark Global Change Research Centre, Czech Globe AS CR, v.v.i., Drásov 470, Cz-664 24 Drásov, Czech Republic
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Su L, Bassa C, Audran C, Mila I, Cheniclet C, Chevalier C, Bouzayen M, Roustan JP, Chervin C. The Auxin Sl-IAA17 Transcriptional Repressor Controls Fruit Size Via the Regulation of Endoreduplication-Related Cell Expansion. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 55:1969-76. [DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcu124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Chusreeaeom K, Ariizumi T, Asamizu E, Okabe Y, Shirasawa K, Ezura H. A novel tomato mutant, Solanum lycopersicum elongated fruit1 (Slelf1), exhibits an elongated fruit shape caused by increased cell layers in the proximal region of the ovary. Mol Genet Genomics 2014; 289:399-409. [PMID: 24519535 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-014-0822-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Genes controlling fruit morphology offer important insights into patterns and mechanisms determining organ shape and size. In cultivated tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), a variety of fruit shapes are displayed, including round-, bell pepper-, pear-, and elongate-shaped forms. In this study, we characterized a tomato mutant possessing elongated fruit morphology by histologically analyzing its fruit structure and genetically analyzing and mapping the genetic locus. The mutant line, Solanum lycopersicum elongated fruit 1 (Slelf1), was selected in a previous study from an ethylmethane sulfonate-mutagenized population generated in the background of Micro-Tom, a dwarf and rapid-growth variety. Histological analysis of the Slelf1 mutant revealed dramatically increased elongation of ovary and fruit. Until 6 days before flowering, ovaries were round and they began to elongate afterward. We also determined pericarp thickness and the number of cell layers in three designated fruit regions. We found that mesocarp thickness, as well as the number of cell layers, was increased in the proximal region of immature green fruits, making this the key sector of fruit elongation. Using 262 F2 individuals derived from a cross between Slelf1 and the cultivar Ailsa Craig, we constructed a genetic map, simple sequence repeat (SSR), cleaved amplified polymorphism sequence (CAPS), and derived CAPS (dCAPS) markers and mapped to the 12 tomato chromosomes. Genetic mapping placed the candidate gene locus within a 0.2 Mbp interval on the long arm of chromosome 8 and was likely different from previously known loci affecting fruit shape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarut Chusreeaeom
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan
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Ezura H. From randomly to inevitable: Accelerating tomato breeding by comprehensive tools and information. BREEDING SCIENCE 2013; 63:1-2. [PMID: 23641175 PMCID: PMC3621435 DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.63.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Ezura
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba
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