1
|
Hong C, Wang X, Xu J, Guo J, Peng H, Zhang Y. A Review: Pharmacological Effect of Natural Compounds in Diospyros kaki Leaves from the Perspective of Oxidative Stress. Molecules 2023; 29:215. [PMID: 38202798 PMCID: PMC10780463 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29010215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is caused by an imbalance between reactive oxygen species and antioxidant levels. Current research suggests that oxidative stress is one of the key factors in the development of many chronic diseases, and it has been a concern for many years. Many natural compounds have been studied for their special free-radical-scavenging properties. The major chemical constituents of the leaves of Diospyros kaki are flavonoids and triterpenoids, both of which are potential antioxidants that can prevent damage caused by reactive oxygen species or reactive nitrogen species and ameliorate diseases associated with oxidative stress. In addition to the major constituents such as flavonoids and triterpenoids, the leaves of Diospyros kaki include compounds such as phenylpropanoids, alkaloids, phenolic acids, and terpenes. Studies have shown these compounds have certain antioxidant and neuroprotective activities. Experiments have shown that flavonoids or the extracts from the leaves of Diospyros kaki have a variety of good pharmacological activities, which could activate oxidative stress and mitochondrial apoptosis, inhibit the proliferation of human prostate cancer cells and induce apoptosis. It also could achieve the effect of anti-cancer cell proliferation and induce apoptosis by regulating oxidative stress. The main chemical substance of the leaves of Diospyros kaki regulating oxidative stress may be these multi-hydroxyl structure compounds. These natural products exhibit significant antioxidant activity and are an important basis for the leaves of Diospyros kaki to treat human diseases by regulating oxidative stress. This review summarizes the structural types of natural products in the leaves of Diospyros kaki and elaborates the mechanism of the leaves of Diospyros kaki in neuroprotection, anti-diabetes, renal protection, retinal degenerative diseases, and anti-cancer from a new perspective of oxidative stress, including how it supplements other pharmacological effects. The chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of the leaves of Diospyros kaki are summarized in this paper. The relationship between the chemical components in the leaves of Diospyros kaki and their pharmacological effects is summarized from the perspective of oxidative stress. This review provides a reference for the study of natural anti-oxidative stress drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chong Hong
- Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; (C.H.); (J.X.); (J.G.); (H.P.)
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China;
| | - Jianjian Xu
- Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; (C.H.); (J.X.); (J.G.); (H.P.)
- Lonch Group Wanrong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Yuncheng 100176, China
| | - Jianxing Guo
- Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; (C.H.); (J.X.); (J.G.); (H.P.)
| | - Houlin Peng
- Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; (C.H.); (J.X.); (J.G.); (H.P.)
| | - Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; (C.H.); (J.X.); (J.G.); (H.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hossain A, Shahidi F. Persimmon Leaves: Nutritional, Pharmaceutical, and Industrial Potential-A Review. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:937. [PMID: 36840285 PMCID: PMC9965245 DOI: 10.3390/plants12040937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Persimmon is a delicious fruit, and its leaves are considered a valuable ingredient in food, beverage, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic sectors. Traditionally, persimmon leaves (PL) are used as a functional tea in Asian culture to cure different ailments, and are also incorporated into various food and cosmeceutical products as a functional ingredient. PL mainly contain flavonoids, terpenoids, and polysaccharides, along with other constituents such as carotenoids, organic acids, chlorophylls, vitamin C, and minerals. The major phenolic compounds in PL are proanthocyanidins, quercetin, isoquercetin, catechin, flavonol glucosides, and kaempferol. Meanwhile, ursolic acid, rotungenic acid, barbinervic acid, and uvaol are the principal terpenoids. These compounds demonstrate a wide range of pharmacological activities, including antioxidant, anticancer, antihypertensive, antidiabetic, anti-obesity, anti-tyrosinase, antiallergic, and antiglaucoma properties. This review summarizes the latest information on PL, mainly distribution, traditional uses, industrial potential, and bioactive compounds, as well as their potential action mechanisms in exhibiting biological activities. In addition, the effect of seasonality and geographical locations on the content and function of these biomolecules are discussed.
Collapse
|
3
|
Takemori K, Akaho K, Iwase M, Okano M, Kometani T. Effects of Persimmon Fruit Polyphenols on Postprandial Plasma Glucose Elevation in Rats and Humans. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2022; 68:331-341. [PMID: 36047105 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.68.331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Persimmon is a fruit rich in polyphenols (proanthocyanidins or condensed tannins). Using rats and humans, the effects of Kaki-tannin (Nara-type), persimmon polyphenols prepared using a new method, on postprandial plasma glucose levels were investigated in this study. Kaki-tannin (Nara-type) comprised mainly proanthocyanidins, composed of epicatechin : epicatechin gallate : epigallocatechin : epigallocatechin gallate in a ratio of 1 : 1 : 2 : 2 with a molecular weight of approximately 8,000 Da, with epicatechin gallate as a terminal unit. These polyphenols inhibited amylolytic enzymes, such as α-amylase, maltase, sucrase, and α-glucosidase in vitro, and sodium-dependent glucose transporter 1 in Caco-2 cells. These results suggested that the polyphenols suppressed digestion and absorption in the intestinal tract. The ingestion of 250 mg/kg body weight of the polyphenols significantly suppressed increased blood glucose levels after carbohydrate (2 g/kg body weight of glucose or maltose) loading in rats. In a human trial, 1.88 g of Kaki-tannin (Nara-type) significantly delayed increased plasma glucose levels after carbohydrate (150 kcal of maltooligosaccharides) loading. Thus, Kaki-tannin (Nara-type) holds promise to be developed as a food material that potentially improve blood glucose elevation after meals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kumiko Takemori
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Kindai University.,Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kindai University
| | - Keisuke Akaho
- Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kindai University
| | - Mari Iwase
- Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kindai University
| | - Minami Okano
- Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kindai University
| | - Takashi Kometani
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Kindai University.,Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kindai University
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang B, Yang H, Qu D, Zhu Z, Yang Y, Zhao Z. The MdBBX22-miR858-MdMYB9/11/12 module regulates proanthocyanidin biosynthesis in apple peel. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2022; 20:1683-1700. [PMID: 35527510 PMCID: PMC9398380 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Proanthocyanidins (PAs) have antioxidant properties and are beneficial to human health. The fruit of apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.), especially the peel, is rich in various flavonoids, such as PAs, and thus is an important source of dietary antioxidants. Previous research on the regulation of PAs in apple has mainly focussed on the transcription level, whereas studies conducted at the post-transcriptional level are relatively rare. In this study, we investigated the function of mdm-miR858, a miRNA with multiple functions in plant development, in the peel of apple fruit. We showed that mdm-miR858 negatively regulated PA accumulation by targeting MdMYB9/11/12 in the peel. During fruit development, mdm-miR858 expression was negatively correlated with MdMYB9/11/12 expression and PA accumulation. A 5'-RACE experiment, GUS staining assays and transient luminescent assays indicated that mdm-miR858 cleaved and inhibited the expression of MdMYB9/11/12. Overexpression of mdm-miR858 in apple calli, tobacco and Arabidopsis reduced the accumulation of PAs induced by overexpression of MdMYB9/11/12. Furthermore, we found that MdBBX22 bound to the mdm-miR858 promoter and induced its expression. Overexpression of MdBBX22 induced the expression of mdm-miR858 to inhibit the accumulation of PAs in apple calli overexpressing MdMYB9/11/12. Under light stress, MdBBX22 induced mdm-miR858 expression to inhibit PA accumulation and thereby indirectly enhanced anthocyanin synthesis in the peel. The present results revealed that the MdBBX22-miR858-MdMYB9/11/12 module regulates PA accumulation in apple. The findings provide a reference for further studies of the regulatory mechanism of PA accumulation and the relationship between PAs and anthocyanins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid AreasCollege of HorticultureNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
- Shaanxi Research Center of Apple Engineering and TechnologyYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Hui‐Juan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid AreasCollege of HorticultureNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
- Shaanxi Research Center of Apple Engineering and TechnologyYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Dong Qu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory Bio‐resourcesCollege of Bioscience and EngineeringShaanxi University of TechnologyHanzhongShaanxiChina
| | - Zhen‐Zhen Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid AreasCollege of HorticultureNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
- Shaanxi Research Center of Apple Engineering and TechnologyYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Ya‐Zhou Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid AreasCollege of HorticultureNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
- Shaanxi Research Center of Apple Engineering and TechnologyYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Zheng‐Yang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid AreasCollege of HorticultureNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
- Shaanxi Research Center of Apple Engineering and TechnologyYanglingShaanxiChina
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Persimmon Leaves (Diospyros kaki) Extract Enhances the Viability of Human Corneal Endothelial Cells by Improving Na+-K+-ATPase Activity. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15010072. [PMID: 35056129 PMCID: PMC8777672 DOI: 10.3390/ph15010072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The Na+/K+-ATPase, present in the basolateral membrane of human corneal endothelial cells (HCECs), is known to play an important role for corneal transparency. Na+/K+-ATPase dysfunction is one of the major causes of corneal decompensation. The ethanol extract of Diospyros kaki (EEDK) has been reported to increase corneal cell viability. Thus, we treated HCECs with EEDK and studied its effects on HCECs survival and Na+/K+-ATPase against cytotoxic drugs like staurosporine (ST) and ouabain (OU). Firstly, survival assays, (MTT assay and live dead-imaging) showed that decreased HCECs viability by ST and OU was significantly recovered by EEDK co-treatment. Secondly, Na+/K+-ATPase activity assays revealed that EEDK enhanced Na+/K+-ATPase enzymatic activity (* p < 0.01) with/without ST and OU. Finally, Na+/K+-ATPase expression analysis (Western Blot and confocal microscopy) demonstrated that EEDK treatment with/without ST and OU facilitates Na+/K+-ATPase expression in HCECs. Taken together, our findings led us to the conclusion that EEDK might aid HCECs survival in vitro by increasing the activity and expression of Na+/K+-ATPase enzyme. Since Na+/K+-ATPase activity is important to maintain cellular function of HCECs, we suggest that EEDK can be a potential effective agent against corneal edema and related corneal disorders.
Collapse
|
6
|
Takemori K, Okano M, Shimeno A, Kometani T. Polyphenol composition analysis in 30 cultivars of persimmon fruits: comparison of polyphenols between cultivars in Japan, China, and Korea. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.fstr-d-22-00094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kumiko Takemori
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Kindai University
| | - Minami Okano
- Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kindai University
| | - Aoi Shimeno
- Nara Prefecture Agricultural Research and Development Center
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kudo R, Yuui K, Kasuda S. Endothelium-Independent Relaxation of Vascular Smooth Muscle Induced by Persimmon-Derived Polyphenol Phytocomplex in Rats. Nutrients 2021; 14:nu14010089. [PMID: 35010964 PMCID: PMC8746468 DOI: 10.3390/nu14010089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The vasorelaxant effect of polyphenols is well known, and the mortality rate due to coronary artery disease is low in people who consume polyphenol-containing foods. We aimed to elucidate the mechanism by which polyphenols derived from persimmon juice (PJ) and persimmon leaves (PLs) induce vasorelaxation and suppress vasocontraction in the superior mesenteric arteries isolated from male Sprague Dawley rats. Vasocontraction was induced with 1 µM phenylephrine, and polyphenol-induced vasorelaxation was expressed as a percentage of the previous tone induced by phenylephrine. PJ powder (100 mg/L) induced higher levels of vasorelaxation (mean ± standard error of the mean, 88.6% ± 4.4%) than PLs powder (1 g/L; 72.0% ± 10.8%). Nitric oxide pathway inhibitors (NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester + carboxy-PTIO) did not affect persimmon-derived polyphenol-induced vasorelaxation, whereas potassium chloride, tetraethylammonium, and potassium-channel inhibitors did. Vasorelaxation was endothelium independent with both extracts. Phenylephrine-induced vasocontraction was suppressed by pretreatment with PJ and PLs powder, even when inositol triphosphate-mediated Ca2+ release and extracellular Ca2+ influx were inhibited. These results suggest that persimmon-derived polyphenol phytocomplex cause vasorelaxation and inhibit vasocontraction through hyperpolarization of smooth muscle cells. Persimmon-derived polyphenols may be able to prevent cardiovascular diseases caused by abnormal contraction of blood vessels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Risa Kudo
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-744-29-8843
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lee HS, Kim EN, Kim GR, Jeong GS. Persimmon leaf extract protects mice from atopic dermatitis by inhibiting T cell activation via regulation of the JNK pathway. Phytother Res 2021; 35:2545-2556. [PMID: 33401337 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Persimmon leaf extracts (PLE) have been widely used as a traditional medicine in East Asian countries. The effects of persimmon leaves, including antioxidant, antiinflammatory, hypotensive, and anti-allergy effects, have been investigated; however, there is little evidence on the inhibition of T cell activation in vitro and effects on T cell-related diseases, such as atopic dermatitis (AD), in vivo by persimmon leaves. PLE (50 μg/mL) effectively attenuated the mRNA levels of IL-2 in Jurkat T cells stimulated with PMA/A23187 and Staphylococcus enterotoxin E-loaded Raji B cells without causing cytotoxicity. In Jurkat T cells stimulated with PMA/A23187, treatment with 50 μg/mL PLE blocked the translocation of p65 and IκBα degradation. Moreover, the JNK signaling pathway in Jurkat T cells stimulated with PMA/A23187 was affected by treatment with PLE. The oral administration of PLE markedly attenuated AD manifestations in mice, including ear thickness, IgE levels, and lymph node sizes. These results indicate PLE significantly blocked T cell activation via NF-κB signaling and the JNK pathway. This suggests underlying mechanisms of PLE involving the control of effector cytokines produced by activated T cells in ear tissue and lymph nodes, as well as the infiltration of mast cells and the therapeutic potential of AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Su Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Eun-Nam Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Ga-Ram Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Gil-Saeng Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
African Vegetables ( Clerodendrum volibile Leaf and Irvingia gabonensis Seed Extracts) Effectively Mitigate Trastuzumab-Induced Cardiotoxicity in Wistar Rats. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:9535426. [PMID: 33178389 PMCID: PMC7644299 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9535426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Trastuzumab (TZM) is a humanized monoclonal antibody that has been approved for the clinical management of HER2-positive metastatic breast and gastric cancers but its use is limited by its cumulative dose and off-target cardiotoxicity. Unfortunately, till date, there is no approved antidote to this off-target toxicity. Therefore, an acute study was designed at investigating the protective potential and mechanism(s) of CVE and IGE in TZM-induced cardiotoxicity utilizing cardiac enzyme and oxidative stress markers and histopathological endpoints. 400 mg/kg/day CVE and IGE dissolved in 5% DMSO in sterile water were investigated in Wistar rats injected with 2.25 mg/kg/day/i.p. route of TZM for 7 days, using serum cTnI and LDH, complete lipid profile, cardiac tissue oxidative stress markers assays, and histopathological examination of TZM-intoxicated heart tissue. Results showed that 400 mg/kg/day CVE and IGE profoundly attenuated increases in the serum cTnI and LDH levels but caused no significant alterations in the serum lipids and weight gain pattern in the treated rats. CVE and IGE profoundly attenuated alterations in the cardiac tissue oxidative stress markers' activities while improving TZM-associated cardiac histological lesions. These results suggest that CVE and IGE could be mediating its cardioprotection via antioxidant, free radical scavenging, and antithrombotic mechanisms, thus, highlighting the therapeutic potentials of CVE and IGE in the management of TZM-mediated cardiotoxicity.
Collapse
|
10
|
Ko H, Huh G, Jung SH, Kwon H, Jeon Y, Park YN, Kim YJ. Diospyros kaki leaves inhibit HGF/Met signaling-mediated EMT and stemness features in hepatocellular carcinoma. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 142:111475. [PMID: 32522589 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Persimmon (Diospyros kaki L.f.) trees are widely cultivated for their edible fruits in Asia. D. kaki leaves are abundant in phytochemicals that have numerous medicinal properties. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and its receptor Met lead to poor prognosis via the promotion of metastasis and chemoresistance in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Therefore, inhibitors targeting the HGF/Met pathway are regarded as promising drugs against HCC. Here, we investigated the effects of D. kaki leaves on HGF-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and stemness traits in HCC. The ethanol extract of D. kaki leaves (EEDK) markedly suppressed HGF-mediated cell migration and invasion through upregulation of CDH1 and downregulation of SNAI1, VIM, MMP1, MMP2, and MMP9. Moreover, EEDK increased the cytotoxicity of sorafenib, which was reduced by HGF, and decreased the expression of the stemness markers KRT19 and CD44. Additionally, we found a clear correlation between stemness and EMT markers in HCC patients. Importantly, EEDK reduced Met activity and attenuated HGF-mediated activation of JNK/c-Jun. Our findings provide new evidence that EEDK can ameliorate HCC with poor prognosis and aggressive phenotype by blocking HGF/Met signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Gyuwon Huh
- Natural Product Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung, Gangwon-do, South Korea; Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Sang Hoon Jung
- Natural Product Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung, Gangwon-do, South Korea; Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Hyukjoon Kwon
- Natural Product Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung, Gangwon-do, South Korea
| | - Youngsic Jeon
- Department of Pathology, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young Nyun Park
- Department of Pathology, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young-Joo Kim
- Natural Product Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung, Gangwon-do, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Loh YC, Chan SY, Tew WY, Oo CW, Yam MF. New flavonoid-based compound synthesis strategy for antihypertensive drug development. Life Sci 2020; 249:117512. [PMID: 32145305 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is one of the leading causes of mortality in relation to the cardiovascular conditions and easily the most overlooked and poorly managed disease in mankind. With well over 200 drugs available in the market globally, there is still an urgency to search for antihypertensive alternatives due to the subpar efficacy and unwarranted side effects of the current choices. Present studies reported over 250 types of plant-derived compounds were being investigated for potential pharmacological effects on the vasculature in the last 3 decades. There were numerous literatures that claimed various compounds exhibiting vasorelaxant properties to a certain extent with low numbers of these compounds being successfully adapted into the current medicinal practice for treatment of hypertension. The issue is the scarcity of reviews that summarizes the discovery of this field and the lack of thorough comparison of these compounds to identify which of these vasodilators should be the next face of hypertension management. Thus, this review is aiming towards identifying the relationship between a major class of plant-derived compounds, flavonoid's activity as a vasodilator with their signalling pathways and their structural characteristics according to their vasorelaxant properties. Interestingly, we found that both nitric oxide and voltage-operated calcium channels pathways, and two of the flavonoid's structural characteristics play crucial roles in eliciting strong vasorelaxant effects. We have faith that the insights of this review will serve as a reference for those researching similar topics in the future and potentially lead to the development of more promising antihypertensive alternative.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yean Chun Loh
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Sock Ying Chan
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Wan Yin Tew
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Chuan Wei Oo
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia.
| | - Mun Fei Yam
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Razali N, Dewa A, Asmawi MZ, Mohamed N, Manshor NM. Mechanisms underlying the vascular relaxation activities of Zingiber officinale var. rubrum in thoracic aorta of spontaneously hypertensive rats. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 18:46-58. [PMID: 31882255 DOI: 10.1016/j.joim.2019.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate vasorelaxant and vasoconstriction effects of Zingiber officinale var. rubrum (ZOVR) on live rats and isolated aortic rings of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). METHODS Extracts of ZOVR were subjected to in-vivo antihypertensive screening using noninvasive blood pressures in SHRs. The most potent extract, ZOVR petroleum ether extract (ZOP) was then fractionated using n-hexane, chloroform and water. Isolated thoracic aortic rings were harvested and subjected to vascular relaxation studies of n-hexane fraction of ZOP (HFZOP) with incubation of different antagonists such as Nω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, 10 µmol/L), indomethacin (10 µmol/L), methylene blue (10 µmol/L), atropine (1 µmol/L), glibenclamide (10 µmol/L), prazosin (0.01 µmol/L), and propranolol (1 µmol/L). RESULTS During the screening of various ZOVR extracts, ZOP produced the most reduction in blood pressures of SHRs and so did HFZOP. HFZOP significantly decreased phenylephrine-induced contraction and enhanced acetylcholine-induced relaxation. L-NAME, indomethacin, methylene blue, atropine, and glibenclamide significantly potentiated the vasorelaxant effects of HFZOP. Propranolol and prazosin did not alter the vasorelaxant effects of HFZOP. HFZOP significantly suppressed the Ca2+-dependent contraction and influenced the ratio of the responses to phenylephrine in Ca2+-free medium. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that ZOP may exert an antihypertensive effect in the SHR model. Its possible vascular relaxation mechanisms involve nitric oxide and prostacyclin release, activation of cGMP-KATP channels, stimulation of muscarinic receptors, and transmembrane calcium channel or Ca2+ release from intracellular stores. Possible active compounds that contribute to the vasorelaxant effects are 6-gingerol, 8-gingerol and 6-shogaol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadiah Razali
- Department of Physiology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Aidiahmad Dewa
- Department of Physiology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia.
| | - Mohd Zaini Asmawi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Nornisah Mohamed
- Department of Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Maizan Manshor
- Department of Physiology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Rodríguez-Pérez C, García-Villanova B, Guerra-Hernández E, Verardo V. Grape Seeds Proanthocyanidins: An Overview of In Vivo Bioactivity in Animal Models. Nutrients 2019; 11:E2435. [PMID: 31614852 PMCID: PMC6835351 DOI: 10.3390/nu11102435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last decade, proanthocyanidins (PACs) are attracting attention not only from the food industry but also from public health organizations due to their health benefits. It is well-known that grapes are a good source of PACs and for that reason, the industry is also focused on grape by-products identification and bioactivity evaluation. Grape seeds extract (GSPE) is a rich source of PACs, mainly composed of monomeric catechin and epicatechin, gallic acid and polymeric and oligomeric proanthocyanidins. Thus, this review encompasses the state-of-art structure and the most recent evidence about the impact of GSPE on chronic diseases, with a focus on oxidative stress, inflammation and metabolic syndrome (MeS)-related disorders such as obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular risk disease in vivo to offer new perspectives in the field that allow further research. Despite the controversial results, is undeniable that PACs from grape seeds are highly antioxidants, thus, the capacity of GSPE to improve oxidative stress might mediate the inflammation process and the progress of MeS-related pathologies. However, further well-design animal studies with standardized dosages and GSPE composition are necessary to shed light into the cause-effect relationship in a more accurate way to later allow a deeper study of the effect of GSPE in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Celia Rodríguez-Pérez
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Granada, Campus of Cartuja, 18071 Granada, Spain.
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INYTA) 'José Mataix', Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, Avenida del Conocimiento s/n, E-18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - Belén García-Villanova
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Granada, Campus of Cartuja, 18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - Eduardo Guerra-Hernández
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Granada, Campus of Cartuja, 18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - Vito Verardo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Granada, Campus of Cartuja, 18071 Granada, Spain.
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INYTA) 'José Mataix', Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, Avenida del Conocimiento s/n, E-18071 Granada, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Shobako N, Ishikado A, Ogawa Y, Sono Y, Kusakari T, Suwa M, Matsumoto M, Ohinata K. Vasorelaxant and Antihypertensive Effects That Are Dependent on the Endothelial NO System Exhibited by Rice Bran-Derived Tripeptide. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:1437-1442. [PMID: 30609899 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b06341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We recently identified a novel, potent antihypertensive peptide, Leu-Arg-Ala (LRA; minimum effective dose = 0.25 mg/kg), from rice bran protein. In this study, we found that LRA potently relaxed mesenteric arteries isolated from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) (EC50 = 0.1 μM). In contrast, the vasorelaxant activity of each amino acid that constitutes the LRA tripeptide was remarkably attenuated. The LRA-induced vasorelaxant activity was inhibited by N(G)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME; NO synthase [NOS] inhibitor) but not by an antagonist of bradykinin B2 and Mas receptors or by a phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitor. The antihypertensive effect induced after the oral administration of LRA was inhibited by L-NAME. LRA also induced the phosphorylation of endothelial NOS in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Taken together, LRA may exhibit antihypertensive effects via NO-mediated vasorelaxation. LRA is the first example of a NO-dependent vasorelaxant peptide identified from rice bran protein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naohisa Shobako
- Health Care R&D , SUNSTAR , Takatsuki , Osaka 569-1195 , Japan
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture , Kyoto University , Uji , Kyoto 611-0011 , Japan
| | | | - Yutaro Ogawa
- Health Care R&D , SUNSTAR , Takatsuki , Osaka 569-1195 , Japan
| | - Yoko Sono
- Health Care R&D , SUNSTAR , Takatsuki , Osaka 569-1195 , Japan
| | | | - Makoto Suwa
- Health Care R&D , SUNSTAR , Takatsuki , Osaka 569-1195 , Japan
| | | | - Kousaku Ohinata
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture , Kyoto University , Uji , Kyoto 611-0011 , Japan
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Antitumor and immunomodulatory activities of total flavonoids extract from persimmon leaves in H 22 liver tumor-bearing mice. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10523. [PMID: 30002398 PMCID: PMC6043534 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28440-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Persimmon (Diospyros kaki L.) leaves are commonly used in Asia as tea infusion and as an agent in traditional medicine. The present study aims to explore the antitumor and immunomodulatory effects of total flavonoids extract from persimmon leaves (PLF) in H22 liver tumor-bearing mice. We found that the PLF showed significant inhibition on the liver tumor growth in mice with a tumor inhibition rate of up to 49.35%. In contrast to the severe side effects of cyclophosphamide (CTX), the PLF exhibited anti-cachexia effect and showed no alternation in the body weight and food intake in mice. Moreover, compared with the vehicle control and CTX group, the PLF significantly enhanced the thymus and spleen indices, level of serum interleukin-18 (IL-18), monocyte/macrophage phagocytosis, level of serum hemolysin, and activity of natural killer (NK) cells. This study demonstrated that the PLF could effectively inhibit liver tumor growth in vivo via enhancement of the immune function in mice, and it displayed the potential to be a safe and effective anticancer agent or functional immune-enhancing agent.
Collapse
|
16
|
Hossain A, Moon HK, Kim JK. Antioxidant properties of Korean major persimmon ( Diospyros kaki) leaves. Food Sci Biotechnol 2018; 27:177-184. [PMID: 30263738 PMCID: PMC6049757 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-017-0195-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Persimmon is one of the most common native fruits of South Korea and its leaves are well known to be used in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics as well as beverages. The aim of this study was to compare the antioxidant properties of Korean major persimmon leaves on the basis of drying methods (hot air drying and freeze-drying) and harvesting time. Persimmon leaves from five cultivars ('Sangju-dungsi', 'Sangam-dungsi', 'Cheongdobansi', 'Gabjubaekmok' and 'Suhong') were harvested in late May and late June followed by blanching and drying. Results depicted that, persimmon leaves harvested in late May had the highest amount of antioxidants content compared to the late June. No significant difference was found between HAD and FD treatment with respect to total phenol, total flavonoid, tannin content, ABTS and DPPH radical-scavenging activity. Finally, it can be concluded that 'Gabjubaekmok' persimmon leaves collected during late May and dried by hot air are richer in antioxidants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abul Hossain
- Department of Food and Food Service Industry, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, 37224 South Korea
| | - Hey Kyung Moon
- Department of Food and Food Service Industry, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, 37224 South Korea
| | - Jong-Kuk Kim
- Department of Food and Food Service Industry, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, 37224 South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Khan MM, Tran BQ, Jang YJ, Park SH, Fondrie WE, Chowdhury K, Yoon SH, Goodlett DR, Chae SW, Chae HJ, Seo SY, Goo YA. Assessment of the Therapeutic Potential of Persimmon Leaf Extract on Prediabetic Subjects. Mol Cells 2017; 40:466-475. [PMID: 28681595 PMCID: PMC5547216 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2017.2298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary supplements have exhibited myriads of positive health effects on human health conditions and with the advent of new technological advances, including in the fields of proteomics, genomics, and metabolomics, biological and pharmacological activities of dietary supplements are being evaluated for their ameliorative effects in human ailments. Recent interests in understanding and discovering the molecular targets of phytochemical-gene-protein-metabolite dynamics resulted in discovery of a few protein signature candidates that could potentially be used to assess the effects of dietary supplements on human health. Persimmon (Diospyros kaki) is a folk medicine, commonly used as dietary supplement in China, Japan, and South Korea, owing to its different beneficial health effects including anti-diabetic implications. However, neither mechanism of action nor molecular biomarkers have been discovered that could either validate or be used to evaluate effects of persimmon on human health. In present study, Mass Spectrometry (MS)-based proteomic studies were accomplished to discover proteomic molecular signatures that could be used to understand therapeutic potentials of persimmon leaf extract (PLE) in diabetes amelioration. Saliva, serum, and urine samples were analyzed and we propose that salivary proteins can be used for evaluating treatment effectiveness and in improving patient compliance. The present discovery proteomics study demonstrates that salivary proteomic profile changes were found as a result of PLE treatment in prediabetic subjects that could specifically be used as potential protein signature candidates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohd M. Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201,
USA
- Present address: University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201,
USA
| | - Bao Quoc Tran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201,
USA
| | - Yoon-Jin Jang
- Department of Pharmacology, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54907,
Korea
| | - Soo-Hyun Park
- Clinical Trial Center for Functional Foods, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907,
Korea
| | | | | | - Sung Hwan Yoon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201,
USA
| | - David R. Goodlett
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201,
USA
| | - Soo-Wan Chae
- Department of Pharmacology, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54907,
Korea
- Clinical Trial Center for Functional Foods, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907,
Korea
| | - Han-Jung Chae
- Department of Pharmacology, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54907,
Korea
| | - Seung-Young Seo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju 54907,
Korea
| | - Young Ah Goo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201,
USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
MONSALVE BERNARDITA, CONCHA-MEYER ANIBAL, PALOMO IVÁN, FUENTES EDUARDO. Mechanisms of Endothelial Protection by Natural Bioactive Compounds from Fruit and Vegetables. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 89:615-633. [DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765201720160509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - EDUARDO FUENTES
- Universidad de Talca, Chile; CONICYT, Chile; Universidad de Talca, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Fu J, Liu H, Hu J, Liang Y, Liang J, Wuyun T, Tan X. Five Complete Chloroplast Genome Sequences from Diospyros: Genome Organization and Comparative Analysis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159566. [PMID: 27442423 PMCID: PMC4956199 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Diospyros is the largest genus in Ebenaceae, comprising more than 500 species with remarkable economic value, especially Diospyros kaki Thunb., which has traditionally been an important food resource in China, Korea, and Japan. Complete chloroplast (cp) genomes from D. kaki, D. lotus L., D. oleifera Cheng., D. glaucifolia Metc., and Diospyros 'Jinzaoshi' were sequenced using Illumina sequencing technology. This is the first cp genome reported in Ebenaceae. The cp genome sequences of Diospyros ranged from 157,300 to 157,784 bp in length, presenting a typical quadripartite structure with two inverted repeats each separated by one large and one small single-copy region. For each cp genome, 134 genes were annotated, including 80 protein-coding, 31 tRNA, and 4 rRNA unique genes. In all, 179 repeats and 283 single sequence repeats were identified. Four hypervariable regions, namely, intergenic region of trnQ_rps16, trnV_ndhC, and psbD_trnT, and intron of ndhA, were identified in the Diospyros genomes. Phylogenetic analyses based on the whole cp genome, protein-coding, and intergenic and intron sequences indicated that D. oleifera is closely related to D. kaki and could be used as a model plant for future research on D. kaki; to our knowledge, this is proposed for the first time. Further, these analyses together with two large deletions (301 and 140 bp) in the cp genome of D. 'Jinzaoshi', support its placement as a new species in Diospyros. Both maximum parsimony and likelihood analyses for 19 taxa indicated the basal position of Ericales in asterids and suggested that Ebenaceae is monophyletic in Ericales.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianmin Fu
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Non-Timber Forestry Research and Development Center, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Huimin Liu
- Non-Timber Forestry Research and Development Center, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jingjing Hu
- Department of Bioinformatics, Haplox Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuqin Liang
- Non-Timber Forestry Research and Development Center, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jinjun Liang
- Non-Timber Forestry Research and Development Center, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Tana Wuyun
- Non-Timber Forestry Research and Development Center, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xiaofeng Tan
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Heras RML, Quifer-Rada P, Andrés A, Lamuela-Raventós R. Polyphenolic profile of persimmon leaves by high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS). J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.02.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
|
21
|
Roland L, Bonaventure A, Razack O, Fernand G, Joachim G, Anatole L. Effects of Gmelina arborea, Roxb (Verbenaceae) aqueous extract on arterial pressure of Wistar rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.5897/jpap2015.0099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
|
22
|
Protective Effect of Diospyros kaki against Glucose-Oxygen-Serum Deprivation-Induced PC12 Cells Injury. Adv Pharmacol Sci 2016; 2016:3073078. [PMID: 26941791 PMCID: PMC4749783 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3073078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic cerebrovascular disease is one of the most common causes of death in the world. Recent interests have been focused on natural antioxidants and anti-inflammatory agents as potentially useful neuroprotective agents. Diospyros kaki (persimmon) has been shown to exert anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antineoplastic effects. However, its effects on ischemic damage have not been evaluated. Here, we used an in vitro model of cerebral ischemia and studied the effects of hydroalcoholic extract of peel (PeHE) and fruit pulp (PuHE) of persimmon on cell viability and markers of oxidative damage mainly intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by glucose-oxygen-serum deprivation (GOSD) in PC12 cells. GOSD for 6 h produced significant cell death which was accompanied by increased levels of ROS. Pretreatment with different concentrations of PeHE and PuHE (0–500 μg/mL) for 2 and 24 h markedly restored these changes only at high concentrations. However, no significant differences were seen in the protection against ischemic insult between different extracts and the time of exposure. The experimental results suggest that persimmon protects the PC12 cells from GOSD-induced injury via antioxidant mechanisms. Our findings might raise the possibility of potential therapeutic application of persimmon for managing cerebral ischemic and other neurodegenerative disorders.
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
Extensive research has related the consumption of persimmon with the reduced risk of various diseases and particularly highlighted the presence of bioactive phenolic compounds for their therapeutic properties. Major phenolic compounds present in persimmon are ferulic acid,p-coumaric acid, and gallic acid.β-Cryptoxanthin, lycopene,β-carotene, zeaxanthin, and lutein are important carotenoids having antioxidant potential. They are important to prevent oxidation of low-density lipoproteins, safeguard beta cells of the pancreas, and reduce cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes mellitus, and damage caused by chronic alcohol consumption. In this paper, the chemistry and health benefits of bioactive compounds present in persimmon are reviewed to encourage impending applications and to facilitate further research activities.
Collapse
|
24
|
Javkhedkar AA, Banday AA. Antioxidant resveratrol restores renal sodium transport regulation in SHR. Physiol Rep 2015; 3:3/11/e12618. [PMID: 26603454 PMCID: PMC4673646 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Previously we have shown that in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) renal angiotensin (Ang) II receptor (AT1R) upregulation leads to overstimulation of Na/K-ATPase by Ang II. There are reports that antioxidants can reduce oxidative stress and blood pressure (BP) in SHR, however the effect of these compounds on AT1R function remains to be determined. Therefore, we hypothesized that polyphenol antioxidant resveratrol would mitigate oxidative stress, normalize renal AT1R signaling, and reduce BP in SHR. SHR and wistar-kyoto (WKY) rats were treated with resveratrol for 8 weeks. Untreated SHR exhibited oxidative stress and enhanced renal proximal tubular Ang II-induced G-protein activation and Na/K-ATPase stimulation. Treatment of SHR with resveratrol mitigated oxidative stress, reduced BP, and normalized renal AT1R signaling. In SHR, nuclear expression of transcription factor NF-κB was increased while expression of Nrf2 was reduced. SHR also exhibited a significant decrease in renal antioxidant capacity and activities of phase II antioxidant enzymes. Resveratrol treatment of SHR abolished renal NF-κB activation, restored Nrf2-phase II antioxidant signaling and Ang II-mediated Na/K-ATPase regulation. These data show that in SHR, oxidative stress via activation of NF-κB upregulates AT1R–G-protein signaling resulting in overstimulation Na/K-ATPase which contributes to hypertension. Resveratrol, via Nrf2, activates phase II antioxidant enzymes, mitigates oxidative stress, normalizes AT1R–G-protein signaling and Na/K-ATPase regulation, and decreases BP in SHR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Apurva A Javkhedkar
- Heart and Kidney Institute, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Anees A Banday
- Heart and Kidney Institute, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Xie C, Xie Z, Xu X, Yang D. Persimmon (Diospyros kaki L.) leaves: a review on traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacological properties. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 163:229-40. [PMID: 25637828 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2014] [Revised: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Persimmon (Diospyros kaki L.) leaves, known as Shi Ye (in Chinese), have a long history as a Chinese traditional medicine for the treatment of ischemia stroke, angina, internal hemorrhage, hypertension, atherosclerosis and some infectious diseases, etc. Additionally, persimmon leaves could be used as healthy products, cosmetics and so on, which have become increasingly popular in Asia, such as Japan, Korea and China etc. AIM OF THE REVIEW The present paper reviewed the ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, analytical methods, biological activities and toxicology of persimmon leaves in order to assess the ethnopharmacological use and to explore therapeutic potentials and future opportunities for research. MATERIALS AND METHODS Information on persimmon leaves were gathered via the Internet (using Google Scholar, Baidu Scholar, Elsevier, ACS, Pudmed, Web of Science, CNKI and EMBASE) and libraries. Additionally, information was also obtained from some local books. RESULTS Persimmon leaves have played an important role in Chinese system of medicines. The main compositions of persimmon leaves were flavonoids, terpenoids, etc. Scientific studies on extracts and formulations revealed a wide range of pharmacological activities, such as, antioxidative, hypolipidemic, antidiabetic, antibacterial, hemostasis activities and effects on cardiovascular system. Based on the pharmacological activities, persimmon leaves were widely used in clinic including treatment of cardiovascular disease, hemostasis, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and beauty treatment. CONCLUSIONS Persimmon leaves probably have therapeutic potential in the prevention and treatment for cerebral arteriosclerosis, diabetes, hypertension. It showed significant neuroprotection against ischemia/reperfusion injury in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, it can regulate immune function and inhibite inflammation. Further investigations are needed to explore individual bioactive compounds responsible for these pharmacological effects in vitro and in vivo and the mode of actions. Further safety assessments and clinical trials should be performed before it can be integrated into medicinal practices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Xie
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510006 Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Zhisheng Xie
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510006 Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Xinjun Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510006 Guangzhou, PR China.
| | - Depo Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510006 Guangzhou, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Sen T, Samanta SK. Medicinal plants, human health and biodiversity: a broad review. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2014; 147:59-110. [PMID: 25001990 DOI: 10.1007/10_2014_273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Biodiversity contributes significantly towards human livelihood and development and thus plays a predominant role in the well being of the global population. According to WHO reports, around 80 % of the global population still relies on botanical drugs; today several medicines owe their origin to medicinal plants. Natural substances have long served as sources of therapeutic drugs, where drugs including digitalis (from foxglove), ergotamine (from contaminated rye), quinine (from cinchona), and salicylates (willow bark) can be cited as some classical examples.Drug discovery from natural sources involve a multifaceted approach combining botanical, phytochemical, biological, and molecular techniques. Accordingly, medicinal-plant-based drug discovery still remains an important area, hitherto unexplored, where a systematic search may definitely provide important leads against various pharmacological targets.Ironically, the potential benefits of plant-based medicines have led to unscientific exploitation of the natural resources, a phenomenon that is being observed globally. This decline in biodiversity is largely the result of the rise in the global population, rapid and sometimes unplanned industrialization, indiscriminate deforestation, overexploitation of natural resources, pollution, and finally global climate change.Therefore, it is of utmost importance that plant biodiversity be preserved, to provide future structural diversity and lead compounds for the sustainable development of human civilization at large. This becomes even more important for developing nations, where well-planned bioprospecting coupled with nondestructive commercialization could help in the conservation of biodiversity, ultimately benefiting mankind in the long run.Based on these findings, the present review is an attempt to update our knowledge about the diverse therapeutic application of different plant products against various pharmacological targets including cancer, human brain, cardiovascular function, microbial infection, inflammation, pain, and many more.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tuhinadri Sen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and School of Natural Product Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India,
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Turgut Coşan D, Saydam F, Özbayer C, Doğaner F, Soyocak A, Güneş HV, Değirmenci İ, Kurt H, Üstüner MC, Bal C. Impact of tannic acid on blood pressure, oxidative stress and urinary parameters in L-NNA-induced hypertensive rats. Cytotechnology 2013; 67:97-105. [PMID: 24306272 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-013-9661-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/18/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is a major health problem with increasing prevalence around the world. Tannic acid is water-soluble polyphenol that is present in tea, green tea, coffee, red wine, nuts, fruits and many plant foods. It has been reported to serve as an antioxidant or a pro-oxidant depending on the type of cells and its concentration. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the effect of tannic acid on systolic blood pressure, oxidative stress and some urinary parameters in the rat model of essential hypertension. Blood pressures of all rats were measured using the tail-cuff method. The nitric oxide synthase inhibitor N (omega)-nitro-L-arginine was administered orally at a dose of 0.5 g/l/day for 15 days to rats in order to create an animal model of hypertension. Tannic acid was intraperitoneally injected at a dose of 50 mg/kg for 15 days. Superoxide dismutase, catalase activity and the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) were determined in blood plasma and homogenates of heart, liver and kidney. In order to evaluate renal functions, urine pH, urine volume, urine creatine, uric acid, and urea nitrogen values were measured. Compared with the hypertension group, a decrease in MDA concentrations of heart tissue (p < 0.01), urea nitrogen values (p < 0.01) and urine volumes (p < 0.001) were established in hypertension + tannic acid group. There was also a decrease in blood pressure values (20th and 30th days) of this group, but there was no a statistical difference according to hypertension group. The findings of our research show the effect of tannic acid in lowering blood pressure in hypertensive rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Didem Turgut Coşan
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Nutraceutical value of black cherry Prunus serotina Ehrh. fruits: antioxidant and antihypertensive properties. Molecules 2013; 18:14597-612. [PMID: 24287993 PMCID: PMC6270007 DOI: 10.3390/molecules181214597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Revised: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In Mexico black cherry (Prunus serotina Ehrh.) fruits are consumed fresh, dried or prepared in jam. Considering the evidence that has linked intake of fruits and vegetables rich in polyphenols to cardiovascular risk reduction, the aim of this study was to characterize the phenolic profile of black cherry fruits and to determine their antioxidant, vasorelaxant and antihypertensive effects. The proximate composition and mineral contents of these fruits were also assessed. Black cherry fruits possess a high content of phenolic compounds and display a significant antioxidant capacity. High-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometric analysis indicated that hyperoside, anthocyanins and chlorogenic acid were the main phenolic compounds found in these fruits. The black cherry aqueous extract elicited a concentration-dependent relaxation of aortic rings and induced a significant reduction on systolic blood pressure in L-NAME induced hypertensive rats after four weeks of treatment. Proximate analysis showed that black cherry fruits have high sugar, protein, and potassium contents. The results derived from this study indicate that black cherry fruits contain phenolic compounds which elicit significant antioxidant and antihypertensive effects. These findings suggest that these fruits might be considered as functional foods useful for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
Collapse
|
29
|
Woodcock ME, Hollands WJ, Konic-Ristic A, Glibetic M, Boyko N, Koçaoglu B, Kroon PA. Bioactive-rich extracts of persimmon, but not nettle, Sideritis, dill or kale, increase eNOS activation and NO bioavailability and decrease endothelin-1 secretion by human vascular endothelial cells. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2013; 93:3574-3580. [PMID: 23744813 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2013] [Revised: 04/22/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is increasing evidence that consumption of plant bioactives such as polyphenols and glucosinolates reduces cardiovascular disease risk and improves endothelial function. In the Black Sea area, a number of plants are consumed alone and as ingredients in traditional foods, and dill, nettle, kale, Sideritis and persimmon were identified as bioactive-rich traditional food plants. The present study investigated the effects of plant extracts on cellular markers of endothelial function (eNOS activation and expression and ET-1 secretion). RESULTS Treatment of human umbilical vein endothelial cells with persimmon extract significantly increased Akt and eNOS phosphorylation and nitric oxide metabolites and significantly decreased secretion of ET-1 to the media after 24 h compared with a vehicle control (all P < 0.01). None of the other plant extracts significantly altered any markers of endothelial function. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that persimmon fruit contains bioactives that can improve endothelial function via activation of eNOS and reduction in ET-1 secretion, but that dill, kale, Sideritis and nettle do not.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark E Woodcock
- Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UA, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Cho CW, Rhee YK, Kim YC, Han CJ, Shin KS, Hong HD. Immunomodulatory Effects of Polysaccharides Derived from Persimmon Leaves on Cyclophosphamide-induced Immunosuppressed Mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.9721/kjfst.2013.45.5.636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
31
|
Malekzadeh MM, Etemadi A, Kamangar F, Khademi H, Golozar A, Islami F, Pourshams A, Poustchi H, Navabakhsh B, Naemi M, Pharoah PD, Abnet CC, Brennan P, Boffetta P, Dawsey SM, Esteghamati A, Malekzadeh R. Prevalence, awareness and risk factors of hypertension in a large cohort of Iranian adult population. J Hypertens 2013; 31:1364-71; discussion 1371. [PMID: 23673348 PMCID: PMC3766446 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0b013e3283613053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is considerable variation in hypertension prevalence and awareness, and their correlates, across different geographic locations and ethnic groups. We performed this cross-sectional analysis on data from the Golestan Cohort Study (GCS). METHODS Enrollment in this study occurred in 2004-2008, and included 50,045 healthy individuals from Golestan Province in northeastern Iran. Hypertension was defined as a SBP at least 140 mmHg, a DBP at least 90 mmHg, a prior diagnosis of hypertension, or the use of antihypertensive drugs. Potential correlates of hypertension and its awareness were analyzed by logistic regression adjusted for sex, age, BMI, place of residence, literacy, ethnicity, physical activity, smoking, black and green tea consumption and wealth score. RESULTS Of the total cohort participants, 21,350 (42.7%) were hypertensive. Age-standardized prevalence of hypertension, using the 2001 WHO standard world population, was 41.8% (95% confidence interval: 38.3-45.2%). Hypertension was directly associated with female sex, increased BMI, Turkmen ethnicity, and lack of physical activity, and inversely associated with drinking black tea and wealth score. Among hypertensive patients, 46.2% were aware of their disease, 17.6% were receiving antihypertensive medication, and 32.1% of the treated patients had controlled hypertension. Hypertension awareness was greater among women, the elderly, overweight and obese patients, and those with a higher wealth score. CONCLUSION Hypertension is highly prevalent in rural Iran, many of the affected individuals are unaware of their disease, and the rate of control by antihypertensive medications is low. Increasing hypertension awareness and access to health services, especially among less privileged residents are recommended.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masoud M Malekzadeh
- Digestive Disease Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Vasodilator compounds derived from plants and their mechanisms of action. Molecules 2013; 18:5814-57. [PMID: 23685938 PMCID: PMC6270466 DOI: 10.3390/molecules18055814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Revised: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The present paper reviews vasodilator compounds isolated from plants that were reported in the past 22 years (1990 to 2012) and the different mechanisms of action involved in their vasodilator effects. The search for reports was conducted in a comprehensive manner, intending to encompass those metabolites with a vasodilator effect whose mechanism of action involved both vascular endothelium and arterial smooth muscle. The results obtained from our bibliographic search showed that over half of the isolated compounds have a mechanism of action involving the endothelium. Most of these bioactive metabolites cause vasodilation either by activating the nitric oxide/cGMP pathway or by blocking voltage-dependent calcium channels. Moreover, it was found that many compounds induced vasodilation by more than one mechanism. This review confirms that secondary metabolites, which include a significant group of compounds with extensive chemical diversity, are a valuable source of new pharmaceuticals useful for the treatment and prevention of cardiovascular diseases.
Collapse
|
33
|
Nsuadi Manga F, El Khattabi C, Fontaine J, Berkenboom G, Duez P, Noyon C, Van Antwerpen P, Lami Nzunzu J, Pochet S. Vasorelaxant and antihypertensive effects of methanolic extracts from Hymenocardia acida Tul. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 146:623-631. [PMID: 23411013 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2012] [Revised: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE In Congolese traditional medicine, decoctions of Hymenocardia acida root bark (HaRB) and trunk bark (HaTrB) are used for the treatment of conditions assumed to be hypertension. In this work, we propose to study the vasorelaxant effect of HaRB and HaTrB methanolic extracts on isolated rat thoracic aorta, to characterize the group of molecules responsible for the observed vasorelaxant activity, to evaluate the in vitro antioxidant activity of these extracts and to determine the antihypertensive activity of the HaRB extract on spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). MATERIALS AND METHODS The vasorelaxant effect of the HaRB and HaTrB methanolic extracts was studied on endothelium-intact aortic rings pre-contracted with phenylephrine (PE, 1μM). The mechanism of this vasorelaxant effect was investigated on endothelium-denuded vessels and on endothelium-intact aortic rings in the presence of three inhibitors: l-N(G)-nitroarginine methyl ester (100μM), indomethacin (10μM) and 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one (10μM). To determine the nature of the compounds responsible for the vasorelaxant activity, we carried out a fractionation of the extracts and a thiolysis of the most active fraction followed by a liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-MS) analysis. The extracts antioxidant activity was determined by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) colorimetric assay. In vivo anti-hypertensive activity of the HaRB extract was conducted on SHR. RESULTS HaRB and HaTrB methanolic extracts produced a concentration-dependent vasorelaxation on intact aortic rings pre-contracted with PE (1μM). The vasorelaxant responses obtained were 95.3±1.5% (5μg/ml) and 100.6±3.0% (1μg/ml), respectively. The effect was markedly attenuated by removal of endothelium or pretreatment of aortic rings with all inhibitors except indomethacin. The LC/ESI-MS analysis of the thiolysis products indicated that the fraction which caused the most important vasorelaxation (97.9±2.5% at 3μg/ml) was a mixture of procyanidins and prodelphinidins, with a predominance of procyanidins. Both extracts and all fractions from HaRB extract showed a DPPH scavenging activity, ranging from 0.4 to 0.8 quercetin-equivalents. The HaRB methanolic extract reduced the systolic blood pressure in SHR (from 214±3mmHg to 194±4mmHg) after a 5-week treatment. CONCLUSIONS The methanolic extracts of Hymenocardia acida root and trunk bark have vasorelaxant activity. The vasorelaxant effect observed is endothelium-dependent and seems mainly mediated through the NO-cGMP pathway. The COX pathway is not involved. The vasorelaxant activity appears to be due to polymeric procyanidins and prodelphinidins. These extracts also have an antioxidant effect. The extract of Hymenocardia acida root bark shows a significant but weak antihypertensive activity in SHR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francine Nsuadi Manga
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Libre de Bruxelles, CP 205/7, Bd du Triomphe, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) bark extract: cardiovascular activity and myocyte protection against oxidative damage. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2013; 2013:471790. [PMID: 23533692 PMCID: PMC3600200 DOI: 10.1155/2013/471790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Accepted: 01/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This work was aimed at evaluating the cardioprotective effects of Castanea sativa Mill. (CSM) bark extract characterized in its phenolic composition by HPLC-DAD-MS analysis. The study was performed using primary cultures of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes to investigate the antioxidant and cytoprotective effects of CSM bark extract and isolated guinea pig left and right atria, left papillary muscle, and aorta to evaluate its direct effect on cholinergic and adrenergic response. In cultured cardiomyocytes the CSM bark extract reduced intracellular reactive oxygen species formation and improved cell viability following oxidative stress in dose-dependent manner. Moreover, the extract decreased the contraction induced by noradrenaline (1 μ M) in guinea pig aortic strips and induced transient negative chronotropic and positive inotropic effects without involvement of cholinergic or adrenergic receptors in the guinea pig atria. Our results indicate that CSM bark extract exhibits antioxidant activity and might induce cardioprotective effect.
Collapse
|
35
|
Kawakami K, Nishida H, Tatewaki N, Eguchi-Kasai K, Anzai K, Eitsuka T, Konishi T, Hirayama M. Persimmon Leaf Flavonols Enhance the Anti-Cancer Effect of Heavy Ion Radiotherapy on Murine Xenograft Tumors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/jct.2013.47133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
36
|
Matsuura Y, Kaneko M, Hirabaru H, Hidaka F, Sakaida H, Kai T, Yukizaki C, Sakono M. Antihypertensive Effect of Blueberry Leaves on Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. J JPN SOC FOOD SCI 2013. [DOI: 10.3136/nskkk.60.689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
37
|
Shin YA, Park HR, Hong HD, Shin KS. Immuno-stimulating Activities of Polysaccharide Fractions Isolated from Persimmon Leaves. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.9799/ksfan.2012.25.4.941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
38
|
Jung UJ, Park YB, Kim SR, Choi MS. Supplementation of persimmon leaf ameliorates hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia and hepatic fat accumulation in type 2 diabetic mice. PLoS One 2012; 7:e49030. [PMID: 23145054 PMCID: PMC3493507 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0049030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2012] [Accepted: 10/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Persimmon Leaf (PL), commonly consumed as herbal tea and traditional medicines, contains a variety of compounds that exert antioxidant, α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. However, little is known about the in vivo effects and underlying mechanisms of PL on hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia and hepatic steatosis in type 2 diabetes. Powered PL (5%, w/w) was supplemented with a normal diet to C57BL/KsJ-db/db mice for 5 weeks. PL decreased blood glucose, HOMA-IR, plasma triglyceride and total cholesterol levels, as well as liver weight, hepatic lipid droplets, triglycerides and cholesterol contents, while increasing plasma HDL-cholesterol and adiponectin levels. The anti-hyperglycemic effect was linked to decreased activity of gluconeogenic enzymes as well as increased glycogen content, glucokinase activity and its mRNA level in the liver. PL also led to a decrease in lipogenic transcriptional factor PPARγ as well as gene expression and activity of enzymes involved in lipogenesis, with a simultaneous increase in fecal lipids, which are seemingly attributable to the improved hyperlipidemia and hepatic steatosis and decreased hepatic fatty acid oxidation. Furthermore, PL ameliorated plasma and hepatic oxidative stress. Supplementation with PL may be an effective dietary strategy to improve type 2 diabetes accompanied by dyslipidemia and hepatic steatosis by partly modulating the activity or gene expression of enzymes related to antioxidant, glucose and lipid homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Un Ju Jung
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Bok Park
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Ryong Kim
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Brain Science and Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Sook Choi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|