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Lam LPY, Lui ACW, Bartley LE, Mikami B, Umezawa T, Lo C. Multifunctional 5-hydroxyconiferaldehyde O-methyltransferases (CAldOMTs) in plant metabolism. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:1671-1695. [PMID: 38198655 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erae011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Lignin, flavonoids, melatonin, and stilbenes are plant specialized metabolites with diverse physiological and biological functions, supporting plant growth and conferring stress resistance. Their biosynthesis requires O-methylations catalyzed by 5-hydroxyconiferaldehyde O-methyltransferase (CAldOMT; also called caffeic acid O-methyltransferase, COMT). CAldOMT was first known for its roles in syringyl (S) lignin biosynthesis in angiosperm cell walls and later found to be multifunctional. This enzyme also catalyzes O-methylations in flavonoid, melatonin, and stilbene biosynthetic pathways. Phylogenetic analysis indicated the convergent evolution of enzymes with OMT activities towards the monolignol biosynthetic pathway intermediates in some gymnosperm species that lack S-lignin and Selaginella moellendorffii, a lycophyte which produces S-lignin. Furthermore, neofunctionalization of CAldOMTs occurred repeatedly during evolution, generating unique O-methyltransferases (OMTs) with novel catalytic activities and/or accepting novel substrates, including lignans, 1,2,3-trihydroxybenzene, and phenylpropenes. This review summarizes multiple aspects of CAldOMTs and their related proteins in plant metabolism and discusses their evolution, molecular mechanism, and roles in biorefineries, agriculture, and synthetic biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Pui Ying Lam
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Akita University, Tegata Gakuen-machi 1-1, Akita City, Akita 010-0852, Japan
| | - Andy C W Lui
- Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Laura E Bartley
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Bunzo Mikami
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Umezawa
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Clive Lo
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
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2
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Jia ZH, Pilkington LI, Barker D. Total Syntheses and Absolute Stereochemical Correction of Negundin B, Vitexin 1, and Vitexin 6. J Org Chem 2024; 89:3644-3651. [PMID: 38377490 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
A highly adaptable asymmetric synthetic route toward dihydronaphthalene lignans was developed, with its application to the syntheses of negundin B and vitexin 1/6 described herein. This developed pathway proceeded through an enantioselective aldol reaction to establish the contiguous stereocenters present in the final structures with subsequent functional group transformations yielding (-)-negundin B and (-)-vitexin 1/6. The enantioselective synthesis of vitexin 1/6 allowed the correction of absolute configuration, which has been widely incorrectly reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zong Hao Jia
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
- The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington 6012, New Zealand
| | - Lisa I Pilkington
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
- Te Pu̅naha Matatini, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - David Barker
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
- The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington 6012, New Zealand
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3
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Lobiuc A, Pavăl NE, Mangalagiu II, Gheorghiță R, Teliban GC, Amăriucăi-Mantu D, Stoleru V. Future Antimicrobials: Natural and Functionalized Phenolics. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031114. [PMID: 36770780 PMCID: PMC9920704 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
With incidence of antimicrobial resistance rising globally, there is a continuous need for development of new antimicrobial molecules. Phenolic compounds having a versatile scaffold that allows for a broad range of chemical additions; they also exhibit potent antimicrobial activities which can be enhanced significantly through functionalization. Synthetic routes such as esterification, phosphorylation, hydroxylation or enzymatic conjugation may increase the antimicrobial activity of compounds and reduce minimal concentrations needed. With potent action mechanisms interfering with bacterial cell wall synthesis, DNA replication or enzyme production, phenolics can target multiple sites in bacteria, leading to a much higher sensitivity of cells towards these natural compounds. The current review summarizes some of the most important knowledge on functionalization of natural phenolic compounds and the effects on their antimicrobial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Lobiuc
- Faculty of Medicine and Biological Sciences, “Ştefan cel Mare” University, 720229 Suceava, Romania
| | - Naomi-Eunicia Pavăl
- Faculty of Medicine and Biological Sciences, “Ştefan cel Mare” University, 720229 Suceava, Romania
- Correspondence: (N.-E.P.); (I.I.M.)
| | - Ionel I. Mangalagiu
- Faculty of Chemistry, “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University, 700506 Iasi, Romania
- Correspondence: (N.-E.P.); (I.I.M.)
| | - Roxana Gheorghiță
- Faculty of Medicine and Biological Sciences, “Ştefan cel Mare” University, 720229 Suceava, Romania
| | - Gabriel-Ciprian Teliban
- Department of Horticulture Technologies, “Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Life Sciences, 700490 Iasi, Romania
| | | | - Vasile Stoleru
- Department of Horticulture Technologies, “Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Life Sciences, 700490 Iasi, Romania
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4
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Gao Z, Wei Z, Zhang J, Su Y. Chemical Constituents of the Seeds of Quercus wutaishanica. Chem Nat Compd 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10600-021-03442-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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5
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Rocchetti G, Pagnossa JP, Blasi F, Cossignani L, Hilsdorf Piccoli R, Zengin G, Montesano D, Cocconcelli PS, Lucini L. Phenolic profiling and in vitro bioactivity of Moringa oleifera leaves as affected by different extraction solvents. Food Res Int 2019; 127:108712. [PMID: 31882101 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
In this work the (poly)-phenolic profile of Moringa oleifera leaves was comprehensively investigated through untargeted metabolomics, following a homogenizer-assisted extraction (HAE) using three solvent systems, i.e. methanol (HAE-1), methanol-water 50:50 v/v (HAE-2) and ethyl acetate (HAE-3). This approach allowed to putatively annotate 291 compounds, recording mainly flavonoids and phenolic acids. Thereafter, antioxidant capacity, antimicrobial activity and enzyme inhibition were assayed in the different extracts. HAE-1 extract showed the highest total phenolic content (31.84 mg/g), followed by HAE-2 (26.95 mg/g) and HAE-3 (14.71 mg/g). In addition, HAE-1 and HAE-2 extracts exhibited an expressive activity against Bacillus cereus and Listeria innocua. The HAE-2 leaf extract was characterized by the highest DPPH and ABTS values (being 49.55 and 45.26 mgTE/g), while ferric reducing antioxidant power was found to be higher in HAE-1 (58.26 mgTE/g). Finally, the enzyme inhibitory effects of M. oleifera leaf extracts were investigated against five enzymes, namely acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), tyrosinase, α-amylase and α-glucosidase. All of the tested extracts exhibited inhibitory effects on AChE and BChE with a higher activity for HAE-3 and HAE-1, whilst HAE-1 showed the higher impact on tyrosinase, glucosidase and amylase activities. Taken together, these findings suggest that M. oleifera leaf extracts are a good source of bioactive polyphenols with a potential use in food and pharma industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Rocchetti
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy.
| | - Jorge Pamplona Pagnossa
- Food Science Department, University of Lavras (UFLA), Campus Universitário, CEP 37.200-000 Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | - Francesca Blasi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Food Science and Nutrition Section, University of Perugia, Via S. Costanzo 1, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Lina Cossignani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Food Science and Nutrition Section, University of Perugia, Via S. Costanzo 1, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Roberta Hilsdorf Piccoli
- Food Science Department, University of Lavras (UFLA), Campus Universitário, CEP 37.200-000 Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Selcuk University, Campus, Konya, Turkey
| | - Domenico Montesano
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Food Science and Nutrition Section, University of Perugia, Via S. Costanzo 1, 06126 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Pier Sandro Cocconcelli
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
| | - Luigi Lucini
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy.
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6
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Mori N. Synthetic studies on optically active furofuran and diarylbutane lignans*. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2018; 82:1-8. [DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2017.1407235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Lignans are a large class of naturally occurring secondary metabolites which are widely spread within the plant kingdom. Their diverse structures and variety of biological activities have fascinated organic chemists. For synthesizing optically active lignans, we have developed the novel asymmetric dimerization of cinnamic acid derivatives, and applied it to the enantioselective syntheses of furofuran lignans (yangambin, sesamin, eudesmin, caruilignan A) and diarylbutane lignans (sauriols A and B). This review summarizes the methodology of our asymmetric dimerization of cinnamic acid derivatives, and efficient total syntheses of furofuran and diarylbutane lignans reported by our and other groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Mori
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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7
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Reyes-Melo K, García A, Romo-Mancillas A, Garza-González E, Rivas-Galindo VM, Miranda LD, Vargas-Villarreal J, Favela-Hernández JMJ, Camacho-Corona MDR. meso-Dihydroguaiaretic acid derivatives with antibacterial and antimycobacterial activity. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:5247-5259. [PMID: 28844400 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.07.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Thirty-three meso-dihydroguaiaretic acid (meso-DGA) derivatives bearing esters, ethers, and amino-ethers were synthesized. All derivatives were tested against twelve drug-resistant clinical isolates of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, including sensitive (H37Rv) and multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains. Among the tested compounds, four esters (7, 11, 13, and 17), one ether (23), and three amino-ethers (30, 31, and 33) exhibited moderate activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, whereas 30 and 31 showed better results than levofloxacin against vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium. Additionally, nineteen meso-DGA derivatives displayed moderate to potent activity against M. tuberculosis H37Rv with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 3.125 to 50µg/mL. Seven meso-DGA derivatives bearing amino-ethers (26-31 and 33) exhibited the lowest MICs against M. tuberculosis H37Rv and G122 strains, with 31 being as potent as ethambutol (MICs of 3.125 and 6.25µg/mL). The presence of positively charged group precursors possessing steric and hydrophobic features (e.g. N-ethylpiperidine moieties in meso-31) resulted essential to significantly increase the antimycobacterial properties of parent meso-DGA as supported by the R-group pharmacophoric and field-based QSAR analyses. To investigate the safety profile of the antimycobacterial compounds, cytotoxicity on Vero cells was determined. The amino-ether 31 exhibited a selectivity index value of 23, which indicate it was more toxic to M. tuberculosis than to mammalian cells. Therefore, 31 can be considered as a promising antitubercular agent for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Reyes-Melo
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Av. Universidad s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, C.P. 66455 San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Abraham García
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Av. Universidad s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, C.P. 66455 San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, Mexico.
| | - Antonio Romo-Mancillas
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Centro Universitario, Cerro de las Campanas, C.P. 76010 Querétaro, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Elvira Garza-González
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Servicio de Gastroenterología y Departamento de Patología Clínica, Hospital Universitario Dr. José Eleuterio González, Madero y Aguirre Pequeño, Mitras Centro, C.P. 64460 Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Verónica M Rivas-Galindo
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Medicina, Madero y Aguirre Pequeño, Mitras Centro, C.P. 64460 Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Luis D Miranda
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Química, Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad universitaria, Coyoacán C.P. 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Javier Vargas-Villarreal
- Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Noreste, División de Biología Celular y Molecular, Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Fisiología Celular, Administración de correos No. 4, Apartado Postal 020-E, Col. Independencia, C.P. 64720 Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Juan Manuel J Favela-Hernández
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Av. Universidad s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, C.P. 66455 San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - María Del Rayo Camacho-Corona
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Av. Universidad s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, C.P. 66455 San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, Mexico.
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Nishiwaki H, Nakazaki S, Akiyama K, Yamauchi S. Structure-Antifungal Activity Relationship of Fluorinated Dihydroguaiaretic Acid Derivatives and Preventive Activity against Alternaria alternata Japanese Pear Pathotype. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:6701-6707. [PMID: 28681599 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b01896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The structure-activity relationship of the antifungal fluorinated dihydroguaiaretic acid derivatives was evaluated. Some of the newly synthesized lignan compounds were found to show higher antifungal activity against phytopathogenic fungi such as Alternaria alternata (Japanese pear and apple pathotypes) and A. citri than the lead compound, 3-fluoro-3'-methoxylignan-4'-ol (3). The broad antifungal spectrum of 3'-hydroxyphenyl derivative 16 was observed, and the 3'-fluoro-4'-hydroxyphenyl derivative 38 was found to show the highest activity against the A. alternata Japanese pear pathotype, with an EC50 value of 11 μM. The preventive effect of the potent lignan on the infection of A. alternata in the Japanese pear's leaves was also shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisashi Nishiwaki
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University , 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566, Japan
| | - Shoko Nakazaki
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University , 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566, Japan
| | - Koichi Akiyama
- Advanced Research Support Center (ADRES), Ehime University , 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yamauchi
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University , 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566, Japan
- South Ehime Fisheries Research Center , 1289-1 Funakoshi, Ainan, Ehime 798-4292, Japan
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Abourashed EA, El-Alfy AT. Chemical diversity and pharmacological significance of the secondary metabolites of nutmeg ( Myristica fragrans Houtt.). PHYTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS : PROCEEDINGS OF THE PHYTOCHEMICAL SOCIETY OF EUROPE 2016; 15:1035-1056. [PMID: 28082856 PMCID: PMC5222521 DOI: 10.1007/s11101-016-9469-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Nutmeg is a valued kitchen spice that has been used for centuries all over the world. In addition to its use in flavoring foods and beverages, nutmeg has been used in traditional remedies for stomach and kidney disorders. The antioxidant, antimicrobial and central nervous system effects of nutmeg have also been reported in literature. Nutmeg is a rich source of fixed and essential oil, triterpenes, and various types of phenolic compounds. Many of the secondary metabolites of nutmeg exhibit biological activities that may support its use in traditional medicine. This article provides an overview of the chemistry of secondary metabolites isolated from nutmeg kernel and mace including common methods for analysis of extracts and pure compounds as well as recent approaches towards total synthesis of some of the major constituents. A summary of the most significant pharmacological investigations of potential drug leads isolated from nutmeg and reported in the last decade is also included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehab A. Abourashed
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Phone: 773-821-2159; Fax: 773-821-2595;
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10
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Yamauchi S, Tanimura R, Nishiwaki H, Nishi K, Sugahara T, Maruyama M, Ano Y, Akiyama K, Kishida T. Enantioselective syntheses of both enantiomers of 9'-dehydroxyimperanene and 7,8-dihydro-9'-dehydroxyimperanene and the comparison of biological activity between 9-norlignans and dihydroguaiaretic acids. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:3019-3023. [PMID: 27210431 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2016] [Revised: 04/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
To estimate the effect of methyl group of dihydroguaiaretic acid, which shows many kinds of biological activities, on biological activity, both enantiomers of 9'-dehydroxyimperanene (5, 6) and 7,8-dihydro-9'-dehydroxyimperanene (7, 8) lacking one of the methyl groups of dihydroguaiaretic acid were synthesized. (S)-7,8-Dihydro-9'-dehydroxyimperanene (7) showed 4-6-fold higher cytotoxic activity than all stereoisomers of dihydroguaiaretic acid (2-4). The IC50 values of (S)-7,8-dihydro-9'-dehydroxyimperanene (7) against HL-60 and HeLa cells were 6.1μM and 5.6μM, respectively. Though only one of three stereoisomers of dihydroguaiaretic acid showed antibacterial activity against a gram negative bacterium, both enantiomers of 5-8 showed antibacterial activity against a gram negative bacterium. This is a Letter on biological activity of 9-norlignan, in which one of methyl groups of lignan is absent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Yamauchi
- Faculty of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566, Japan; South Ehime Fisheries Research Center, 1289-1 Funakoshi, Ainan, Ehime 798-4292, Japan.
| | - Ryosuke Tanimura
- Faculty of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566, Japan
| | - Hisashi Nishiwaki
- Faculty of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566, Japan
| | - Kosuke Nishi
- Faculty of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566, Japan
| | - Takuya Sugahara
- Faculty of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566, Japan; South Ehime Fisheries Research Center, 1289-1 Funakoshi, Ainan, Ehime 798-4292, Japan
| | - Masafumi Maruyama
- Faculty of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Ano
- Faculty of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566, Japan
| | - Koichi Akiyama
- Advanced Research Support Center (ADRES), Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566, Japan
| | - Taro Kishida
- Faculty of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566, Japan; South Ehime Fisheries Research Center, 1289-1 Funakoshi, Ainan, Ehime 798-4292, Japan
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Chingwaru W, Vidmar J, Kapewangolo PT, Mazimba O, Jackson J. Therapeutic and Prophylactic Potential of Morama (Tylosema esculentum): A Review. Phytother Res 2015. [PMID: 26206567 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Tylosema esculentum (morama) is a highly valued traditional food and source of medicine for the San and other indigenous populations that inhabit the arid to semi-arid parts of Southern Africa. Morama beans are a rich source of phenolic acids, flavonoids, certain fatty acids, non-essential amino acids, certain phytosterols, tannins and minerals. The plant's tuber contains griffonilide, behenic acid and starch. Concoctions of extracts from morama bean, tuber and other local plants are frequently used to treat diarrhoea and digestive disorders by the San and other indigenous populations. Information on composition and bioactivity of phytochemical components of T. esculentum suggests that the polyphenol-rich extracts of the bean testae and cotyledons have great potential as sources of chemicals that inhibit infectious microorganisms (viral, bacterial and fungal, including drug-resistant strains), offer protection against certain non-communicable diseases and promote wound healing and gut health. The potential antinutritional properties of a few morama components are also highlighted. More research is necessary to reveal the full prophylactic and therapeutic potential of the plant against diseases of the current century. Research on domestication and conservation of the plant offers new hope for sustainable utilisation of the plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Chingwaru
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Bindura University Science Education, P. Bag 1020, Bindura, Zimbabwe.,Institute Ceres/Zavod Ceres, Lahovna 16, 3000, Celje, Slovenia
| | - Jerneja Vidmar
- Institute Ceres/Zavod Ceres, Lahovna 16, 3000, Celje, Slovenia.,Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University Medical Centre Maribor, Ljubljanska 5, 2000, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Petrina T Kapewangolo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Namibia, P/Bag 13301, 340 Mandume Ndemufayo Avenue, Pionierspark, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - Ofentse Mazimba
- Research and Partnerships at Botswana Institute for Technology Research and Innovation, Private Bag 0082, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Jose Jackson
- Research and Partnerships at Botswana Institute for Technology Research and Innovation, Private Bag 0082, Gaborone, Botswana
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12
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Metabolic characterization of meso-dihydroguaiaretic acid in liver microsomes and in mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2015; 76:94-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2014.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Revised: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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13
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Sim WC, Park S, Lee KY, Je YT, Yin HQ, Choi YJ, Sung SH, Park SJ, Park HJ, Shin KJ, Lee BH. LXR-α antagonist meso-dihydroguaiaretic acid attenuates high-fat diet-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver. Biochem Pharmacol 2014; 90:414-24. [PMID: 24955981 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2014.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Revised: 06/14/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Collaborative regulation of liver X receptor (LXR) and sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP)-1 are main determinants in hepatic steatosis, as shown in both animal models and human patients. Recent studies indicate that selective intervention of overly functional LXRα in the liver shows promise in treatment of fatty liver disease. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of meso-dihydroguaiaretic acid (MDGA) on LXRα activation and its ability to attenuate fatty liver in mice. MDGA inhibited activation of the LXRα ligand-binding domain by competitively binding to the pocket for agonist T0901317 and decreased the luciferase activity in LXRE-tk-Luc-transfected cells. MDGA significantly attenuated hepatic neutral lipid accumulation in T0901317- and high fat diet (HFD)-induced fatty liver. The effect of MDGA was so potent that treatment with 1mg/kg for 2 weeks completely reversed the lipid accumulation induced by HFD feeding. MDGA reduced the expression of LXRα co-activator protein RIP140 and LXRα target gene products associated with lipogenesis in HFD-fed mice. These results demonstrate that MDGA has the potential to attenuate nonalcoholic steatosis mediated by selective inhibition of LXRα in the liver in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo-Cheol Sim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro 1, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Sora Park
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro 1, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang-Yo Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro 1, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Tae Je
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro 1, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Hu-Quan Yin
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro 1, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - You-Jin Choi
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro 1, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hyun Sung
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro 1, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Jung Park
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Seobu-ro 2066, Jangan-gu, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Ju Park
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Seobu-ro 2066, Jangan-gu, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Kye Jung Shin
- College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University, Bucheon 420-743, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Hoon Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro 1, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Wukirsari T, Nishiwaki H, Nishi K, Sugahara T, Akiyama K, Kishida T, Yamauchi S. Cytotoxic activity of dietary lignan and its derivatives: structure-cytotoxic activity relationship of dihydroguaiaretic acid. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:5305-5315. [PMID: 24841776 DOI: 10.1021/jf5010572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Cytotoxic activities of synthesized lignan derivatives were estimated by WST-8 reduction assay against HL-60 and HeLa cells to show the structure-activity relationship. The activities of some effective compounds were examined against Colon 26 and Vero cells. Dietary secoisolariciresinol (SECO, 1) and its metabolite, 9,9'-anhydrosecoisolariciresinol (2), did not show the cytotoxic activity. On the other hand, all stereoisomers of dihydroguaiaretic acid (DGA, 9,9'-dehydroxysecoisolariciresinol, 3-5) exhibited the activity (IC50: around 30 μM). The IC50 value of (8R,8'R)-9-butyl DGA derivative 13 was around 6 μM. This fact means that the hydrophobic group was advantageous for higher activity at 9- and 9'-positions. By the evaluation of the effect of 7and 7'-aryl group on the activity, we discovered the highest activity of (8R,8'R)-7-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-7'-(2-ethoxyphenyl) DGA derivative 47 showing around 1 μM of IC50 value, which is about 24-fold higher activity than that of natural (8R,8'R)-DGA. The derivative of dietary lignan showed the high cytotoxic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuti Wukirsari
- Faculty of Agriculture and §Integrated Center for Sciences, Tarumi Station, Ehime University , 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566, Japan
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15
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Hasebe A, Nishiwaki H, Akiyama K, Sugahara T, Kishida T, Yamauchi S. Quantitative structure-activity relationship analysis of antifungal (+)-dihydroguaiaretic acid using 7-phenyl derivatives. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:8548-8555. [PMID: 23924382 DOI: 10.1021/jf4015526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between antifungal activity against Alternaria alternata and structure on the 7-phenyl group of (+)-dihydroguaiaretic acid ((+)-DGA) was clarified by employing 38 synthesized (+)-DGA derivatives. The results were identified by quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) analysis employing the Hansch-Fujita method. Some compounds showed higher activity than (+)-DGA. The compound showing highest activity was 3,5-difluorophenyl derivative 37. It was suggested that the small electron-withdrawing group at the meta-position of the 7-phenyl group is important for the higher activity by antifungal test and Hansch-Fujita analysis. The whitening activity of 3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl derivative 28, 3-hydroxy-4-ethoxyphenyl derivative 29, and 3-hydroxy-4-isopropoxyphenyl derivative 30 against A. alternata Japanese pear pathotype was also discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayaka Hasebe
- Faculty of Agriculture and ‡Integrated Center for Sciences, Tarumi Station, Ehime University , 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566, Japan
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16
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Nishiwaki H, Ouchi M, Matsugi J, Akiyama K, Sugahara T, Kishida T, Yamauchi S. Effect of substituents at phenyl group of 7,7′-dioxo-9,9′-epoxylignane on antifungal activity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:6740-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.08.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2012] [Revised: 08/18/2012] [Accepted: 08/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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17
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Favela-Hernández JMJ, García A, Garza-González E, Rivas-Galindo VM, Camacho-Corona MR. Antibacterial and antimycobacterial lignans and flavonoids from Larrea tridentata. Phytother Res 2012; 26:1957-60. [PMID: 22422605 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.4660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2011] [Revised: 02/03/2012] [Accepted: 02/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Three lignans and four flavonoids were isolated and characterized from Larrea tridentata and compounds were tested against 16 bacterial species/strains. Results showed that: dihydroguaiaretic acid (1) had activity towards methicillin resistant (MR) Staphylococcus aureus (minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) 50 µg/mL) and multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MIC 12.5-50 µg/mL); 4-epi-larreatricin (2) was active against Enterobacter cloacae (MIC 12.5 µg/mL), as well as sensitive (MIC 50 µg/mL) and MDR strains of M. tuberculosis (MIC 25 µg/mL). 3'-Demethoxy-6-O-demethylisoguaiacin (3) displayed activity against sensitive and resistant S. aureus (MIC 25 µg/mL), Enterococcus faecalis (MIC 12.5 µg/mL), Escherichia coli (MIC 50 µg/mL), E. cloacae (MIC 12.5 µg/mL) and MDR strains of M. tuberculosis (MIC 12.5 µg/mL). 5,4'-Dihydroxy-3,7,8,3'-tetramethoxyflavone (4) and 5,4'-dihydroxy-3,7,8-trimethoxyflavone (5) were active against M. tuberculosis MDR strains having MIC values of 25 and 25-50 µg/mL, respectively, while 5,4'-dihydroxy-7-methoxyflavone (6) was active against S. aureus (MIC 50 µg/mL) and E. faecalis (MIC 50 µg/mL). We concluded that lignan 3 is the main compound responsible for the antibacterial activity of L. tridentata. Lignans 1 and 2 as well as flavonoid 6 contribute with some degree of antibacterial activity. On the other hand, compounds 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 contributed to the antimycobacterial activity found in L. tridentata.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M J Favela-Hernández
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, UANL, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Av. Universidad s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León CP 66451, Mexico
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18
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Nishiwaki H, Kumamoto M, Shuto Y, Yamauchi S. Stereoselective syntheses of all stereoisomers of lariciresinol and their plant growth inhibitory activities. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:13089-95. [PMID: 22066904 DOI: 10.1021/jf203222w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
All stereoisomers of lariciresinol were synthesized to examine the effect of stereochemistry on plant growth. Configuration of benzylic 7-positions was constructed through S(N)1 or S(N)2 intramolecular etherification. 8- and 8'-position configurations were established from the starting material except for all cis stereoisomers, the 8-position configurations of which were achieved by employing stereoselective hydroboration. (-)-Lariciresinol and its 7S,8S,8'R stereoisomer inhibited the root growth of Italian ryegrass to 51-55% relative to the negative control, whereas other stereoisomers had less effect. These results demonstrate that the stereochemistry of lignans is one of the important factors influencing their inhibitory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisashi Nishiwaki
- Faculty of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566, Japan
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19
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Guzman JD, Gupta A, Evangelopoulos D, Basavannacharya C, Pabon LC, Plazas EA, Munoz DR, Delgado WA, Cuca LE, Ribon W, Gibbons S, Bhakta S. Anti-tubercular screening of natural products from Colombian plants: 3-methoxynordomesticine, an inhibitor of MurE ligase of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J Antimicrob Chemother 2010; 65:2101-7. [DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkq313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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20
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Marino A, Bellinghieri V, Nostro A, Miceli N, Taviano MF, Güvenç A, Bisignano G. In vitro effect of branch extracts of Juniperus species from Turkey on Staphylococcus aureus biofilm. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 59:470-6. [PMID: 20584079 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-695x.2010.00705.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Methanol and aqueous branch extracts of five Juniperus species were examined for their effects on Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538P and S. aureus 810 biofilm. The Turkish plant material was Juniperus communis L. var. communis, J. communis L. var. saxatilis Pall., Juniperus drupacea Labill., Juniperus oxycedrus L. ssp. oxycedrus, J. oxycedrus L. ssp. macrocarpa (Sibth. & Sm.) Ball. The Juniperus extracts were subjected to preliminary phytochemical analysis by thin-layer chromatography. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated using the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). The effects of the extracts on biofilm formation and preformed biofilm were quantified by both biomass OD and the CFU counting method. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of polyphenols, coumarins, lignans, steroids, alkaloids and terpenes. For both strains, the MICs of all extracts were in the range of 4.88-78.12 microg mL(-1). On S. aureus ATCC 6538P, the effects of subinhibitory concentration (0.5 MIC) of the extracts were minimal on planktonic growth and on adhering cells, whereas they were greater on biofilm formation. Differently, on S. aureus 810, they showed only a rather low efficacy on biofilm formation. The extracts at 2 MIC demonstrated a good activity on a preformed biofilm of S. aureus ATCC 6538P.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreana Marino
- Pharmaco-Biological Department, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
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