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Liu L, He X, Wang J, Li M, Wei X, Yang J, Cheng G, Du W, Liu Z, Xiao X. Exploring the associations between gut microbiota composition and SARS-CoV-2 inactivated vaccine response in mice with type 2 diabetes mellitus. mSphere 2024; 9:e0038024. [PMID: 39189780 PMCID: PMC11423585 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00380-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination is crucial for protecting vulnerable individuals, yet individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) often exhibit impaired vaccine responses. Emerging evidence suggests that the composition of the host microbiota, crucial in immune regulation and development, influences vaccine efficacy. This study aimed to characterize the relationships between the SARS-CoV-2 inactivated vaccine and the host microbiota (specifically, gut and lung microbiota) of C57BL/6 mice with T2DM. Employing 16S rRNA metagenomic sequencing and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, we observed lower alpha diversity and distinct beta diversity in fecal microbiota before vaccination and in gut microbiota 28 days post-vaccination between T2DM mice and healthy mice. Compared with healthy mice, T2DM mice showed a higher Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio 28 days post-vaccination. Significant alterations in gut microbiota composition were detected following vaccination, while lung microbiota remained unchanged. T2DM was associated with a diminished initial IgG antibody response against the spike protein, which subsequently normalized after 28 days. Notably, the initial IgG response positively correlated with fecal microbiota alpha diversity pre-vaccination. Furthermore, after 28 days, increased relative abundance of gut probiotics (Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus) and higher levels of the gut bacterial tryptophan metabolite, indole acrylic acid, were positively associated with IgG levels. These findings suggest a potential link between vaccine efficacy and gut microbiota composition. Nonetheless, further research is warranted to elucidate the precise mechanisms underlying the impact of the gut microbiome on vaccine response. Overall, this study enhances our understanding of the intricate relationships among host microbiota, SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, and T2DM, with potential implications for improving vaccine efficacy. IMPORTANCE Over 7 million deaths attributed to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) by 6 May 2024 underscore the urgent need for effective vaccination strategies. However, individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have been identified as particularly vulnerable and display compromised immune responses to vaccines. Concurrently, increasing evidence suggests that the composition and diversity of gut microbiota, crucial regulators of immune function, may influence the efficacy of vaccines. Against this backdrop, our study explores the complex interplay among SARS-CoV-2 inactivated vaccination, T2DM, and host microbiota. We discover that T2DM compromises the initial immune response to the SARS-CoV-2 inactivated vaccine, and this response is positively correlated with specific features of the gut microbiota, such as alpha diversity. We also demonstrate that the vaccination itself induces alterations in the composition and structure of the gut microbiota. These findings illuminate potential links between the gut microbiota and vaccine efficacy in individuals with T2DM, offering valuable insights that could enhance vaccine responses in this high-risk population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Liu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
- Institute of Virology, Shiyan Key Laboratory of Virology, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Xianzhen He
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
- Department of Children's Medical Center, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Moran Li
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Xiuli Wei
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Gong Cheng
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Weixing Du
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
- Institute of Virology, Shiyan Key Laboratory of Virology, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Zhixin Liu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
- Institute of Virology, Shiyan Key Laboratory of Virology, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Xiao Xiao
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
- Institute of Virology, Shiyan Key Laboratory of Virology, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
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Choi D, Jang SJ, Choi S, Park S, Kim WK, Lee G, Lee C, Ko G. Oral Administration of Limosilactobacillus reuteri KBL346 Ameliorates Influenza Virus A/PR8 Infection in Mouse. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2024:10.1007/s12602-024-10301-8. [PMID: 38949757 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-024-10301-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Influenza virus infection is an important public-health concern because of its high transmissibility and potential for severe complications. To mitigate the severity and complications of influenza, probiotics containing Lactobacillus are used and generally recognized as safe. We evaluated the anti-influenza effect of Limosilactobacillus reuteri (L. reuteri) KBL346, isolated from the fecel sample of healthy South Koreans, in mice. BALB/c mice were orally administered live and heat-inactivated L. reuteri KBL346. After infection with influenza virus (A/Puerto Rico/8/34) 0.5 times the 50% lethal dose (LD50), body weight loss was improved and recovery was accelerated. Furthermore, L. reuteri KBL346 improved body weight loss and survival rate of mice infected with 4 times the LD50 of influenza virus. Heat-inactivated L. reuteri KBL346 reduced the viral titer in the lung and the plasma immunoglobulin G level. Expression levels of genes encoding inflammatory cytokines, such as interferon-γ and toll-like receptor 2 (Tlr2), were decreased in the lung tissues of mice administered L. reuteri KBL346. Live and heat-inactivated L. reuteri KBL346 increased the expression level of Adamts4, which promotes recovery after infection, and decreased that of Tlr2. The α-diversity of the gut microbiome was modulated by the administration of L. reuteri KBL346. In addition, the structure of the gut microbial community differed according to the degree of weight loss. L. reuteri KBL346 has the potential to alleviate disease severity and improve histopathological changes in mice infected with influenza A/PR8, suggesting its efficacy as a probiotic against influenza infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doseon Choi
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Jae Jang
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- KoBioLabs, Inc, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sueun Choi
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - SungJun Park
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- KoBioLabs, Inc, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- N-Bio, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woon-Ki Kim
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Giljae Lee
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheonghoon Lee
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - GwangPyo Ko
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- KoBioLabs, Inc, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- N-Bio, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Lu S, He S, Yue K, Mi J, Huang Y, Song L, Yang T, Ren Z, Ren L, Xu J. Lactobacillus plantarum GUANKE modulate anti-viral function of dendritic cells in mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 134:112169. [PMID: 38728879 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
GUANKE is a Lactobacillus plantarum isolated from the feces of healthy volunteer. We have previously shown that GUANKE enhances the efficacy of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine and prolongs the duration of vaccine protection by upregulating the IFN pathway and T and B lymphocyte functions of the host. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the protective effects and mechanism of oral administration of Lactobacillus plantarum GUANKE in the influenza (A virus A/Puerto Rico/8/34) infection mouse model. In our experiment, oral administration of GUANKE significantly decreased viral load and increased tight junction proteins expression in lung tissues of influenza-infected mice. After GUANKE was co-cultured with mBMDCs in vitro, mBMDCs' maturity and antiviral ability were enhanced, and matured mBMDCs induced polarization of naïve CD4+ T cells into T helper (Th) 1 cells. Adoptive transfer of GUANKE-treated mBMDCs could protect mice from influenza infections. This study suggests that oral administration of Lactobacillus plantarum GUANKE could provide protection against influenza infection in mice, and this protective effect may be mediated, at least in part, by dendritic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simin Lu
- Research Unite for Unknown Microbe, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Siqin He
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Kun Yue
- Research Unite for Unknown Microbe, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jielan Mi
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China; Institute of Public Health, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuanming Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Liqiong Song
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Zhihong Ren
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
| | - Lili Ren
- Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Jianguo Xu
- Research Unite for Unknown Microbe, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China; Institute of Public Health, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
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4
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Arioz Tunc H, Childs CE, Swann JR, Calder PC. The effect of oral probiotics on response to vaccination in older adults: a systematic review of randomised controlled trials. Age Ageing 2024; 53:ii70-ii79. [PMID: 38745493 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afae033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
This systematic review evaluated the impact of oral probiotics on the immune response to vaccination in older people. A literature search was performed in three electronic databases up to January 2023. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) conducted in older people (age ≥ 60 years) investigating oral probiotics and vaccine response outcomes were included. Characteristics and outcome data of the included studies were extracted and analysed and study quality was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool for randomised trials. Ten RCTs involving 1,560 participants, reported in 9 papers, were included. Nine studies involved the seasonal influenza vaccine and one a COVID-19 vaccine. All studies used lactobacilli, some in combination with bifidobacteria. Studies reported outcomes including anti-vaccine antibody titres or concentrations, seroconversion and seroprotection. When comparing antibody titres, seroprotection rate and seroconversion rate between probiotic and placebo groups expressed as a response ratio, the weighted mean values were 1.29, 1.16 and 2.00, respectively. Meta-analysis showed that probiotics increase seroconversion rates to all three strains of the seasonal influenza vaccine: odds ratio (95% confidence interval) 2.74 (1.31, 5.70; P = 0.007) for the H1N1 strain; 1.90 (1.04, 3.44; P = 0.04) for the H3N2 strain; 1.72 (1.05, 2.80; P = 0.03) for the B strain. There was a low level of heterogeneity in these findings. Several studies were at high risk of bias due to missing outcome data. Lactobacilli may improve the vaccine response, but further research is needed to be more certain of this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hediye Arioz Tunc
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Caroline E Childs
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Jonathan R Swann
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust and University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Philip C Calder
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust and University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
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5
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Adams E, Maeda K, Kamemoto Y, Hirai K, Apdila ET. Contribution to a Sustainable Society: Biosorption of Precious Metals Using the Microalga Galdieria. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:704. [PMID: 38255777 PMCID: PMC10815428 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The red microalga Galdieria sp. is an extremophile that inhabits acidic hot sulphur springs and grows heterotrophically to a high cell density. These characteristics make Galdieria suitable for commercial applications as stable mass production is the key to success in the algae business. Galdieria has great potential as a precious metal adsorbent to provide a sustainable, efficient and environmentally benign method for urban mining and artisanal small-scale gold mining. The efficiency and selectivity in capturing precious metals, gold and palladium from metal solutions by a Galdieria-derived adsorbent was assessed relative to commercially used adsorbents, ion exchange resin and activated charcoal. As it is only the surface of Galdieria cells that affect metal adsorption, the cell content was analysed to determine the manner of utilisation of those metabolites. Galdieria was shown to be protein-rich and contain beneficial metabolites, the levels of which could shift depending on the growth conditions. Separating the cell content from the adsorbent could improve the adsorption efficiency and reduce CO2 emissions during the metal collection process. The commercial applications of Galdieria appear promising: growth is quick and dense; the precious metal adsorption capacity is highly efficient and selective in acidic conditions, especially at low metal concentrations; and the cell content is nutrient-rich.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eri Adams
- Galdieria, Co., Ltd., Yokohama 2300046, Kanagawa, Japan (E.T.A.)
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6
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Li Y, Arai S, Kato K, Iwabuchi S, Iwabuchi N, Muto N, Motobayashi H, Ebihara S, Tanaka M, Hashimoto S. The Potential Immunomodulatory Effect of Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum BB536 on Healthy Adults through Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Activation in the Peripheral Blood. Nutrients 2023; 16:42. [PMID: 38201872 PMCID: PMC10780326 DOI: 10.3390/nu16010042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The interaction between the gut microbiota and the host can influence the host's immune system. Bifidobacterium, a commensal genus of gut bacteria, seems to have positive effects on host health. Our previous clinical research showed that B. longum subsp. longum BB536 enhanced innate and adaptive immune responses in elderly individuals with a lower grade of immunity, but the immunomodulatory mechanism is still unclear. In this study, dendritic cell (DC) surface markers in peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated from healthy individuals were evaluated through coculture with heat-killed BB536. DC markers, innate immune activity and cytokine levels in plasma were also evaluated by a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study (UMIN000045564) with 4 weeks of continuous live BB536 intake. BB536 significantly increased the expression of CD86 and HLA-DR on plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) in vitro. Compared to placebo (n = 48), a significant increase in the expression of CD86 on peripheral pDCs was detected at week 4 of live BB536 intake (n = 49; 1 × 1010 CFU/day). Furthermore, coculture with hk-BB536 significantly increased the IFNγ expression level and demonstrated trends of increased IFNα1 and IFNβ expression. These findings suggest that consumption of BB536 has potential immunomodulatory effects on healthy individuals through the activation of peripheral pDCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Li
- Innovative Research Institute, R&D Division, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., 5-1-83, Higashihara, Zama 252-8583, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Satoshi Arai
- Innovative Research Institute, R&D Division, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., 5-1-83, Higashihara, Zama 252-8583, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kumiko Kato
- Innovative Research Institute, R&D Division, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., 5-1-83, Higashihara, Zama 252-8583, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Sadahiro Iwabuchi
- Department of Molecular Pathophysiology, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama 641-8509, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Iwabuchi
- Innovative Research Institute, R&D Division, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., 5-1-83, Higashihara, Zama 252-8583, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Natsumi Muto
- Innovative Research Institute, R&D Division, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., 5-1-83, Higashihara, Zama 252-8583, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hideki Motobayashi
- Second Department of Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama 641-8509, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Shukuko Ebihara
- Chiyoda Paramedical Care Clinic, Daiwa Building 2F, 3-3-10 Nihonbashi Hongokucho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103-0021, Japan
| | - Miyuki Tanaka
- Innovative Research Institute, R&D Division, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., 5-1-83, Higashihara, Zama 252-8583, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shinichi Hashimoto
- Department of Molecular Pathophysiology, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama 641-8509, Wakayama, Japan
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7
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Medoro A, Davinelli S, Colletti A, Di Micoli V, Grandi E, Fogacci F, Scapagnini G, Cicero AFG. Nutraceuticals as Modulators of Immune Function: A Review of Potential Therapeutic Effects. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2023; 28:89-107. [PMID: 37416796 PMCID: PMC10321448 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2023.28.2.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary supplementation with nutraceuticals can promote optimal immune system activation, modulating different pathways that enhance immune defenses. Therefore, the immunity-boosting effects of nutraceuticals encompass not only immunomodulatory but also antioxidant, antitumor, antiviral, antibacterial, and antifungal properties, with therapeutic effects against diverse pathological conditions. However, the complexity of the pathways that regulate the immune system, numerous mechanisms of action, and heterogeneity of the immunodeficiencies, and subjects treated make their application in the clinical field difficult. Some nutraceuticals appear to safely improve immune system function, particularly by preventing viral and bacterial infections in specific groups, such as children, the elderly, and athletes, as well as in frail patients, such as those affected by autoimmune diseases, chronic diseases, or cancer. Several nutraceuticals, such as vitamins, mineral salts, polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acids, many types of phytocompounds, and probiotic strains, have the most consolidated evidence in humans. In most cases, further large and long-term randomized clinical trials are needed to confirm the available preliminary positive data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Medoro
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, Campobasso 86100, Italy
| | - Sergio Davinelli
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, Campobasso 86100, Italy
- Italian Nutraceutical Society (SINut), Bologna 40138, Italy
| | - Alessandro Colletti
- Italian Nutraceutical Society (SINut), Bologna 40138, Italy
- Department of Science and Drug Technology, University of Turin, Turin 10125, Italy
| | - Valentina Di Micoli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy
| | - Elisa Grandi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy
| | - Federica Fogacci
- Italian Nutraceutical Society (SINut), Bologna 40138, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy
| | - Giovanni Scapagnini
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, Campobasso 86100, Italy
- Italian Nutraceutical Society (SINut), Bologna 40138, Italy
| | - Arrigo F. G. Cicero
- Italian Nutraceutical Society (SINut), Bologna 40138, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Policlinico S. Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna 40138, Italy
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8
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Oh S, Seo H. Dietary intervention with functional foods modulating gut microbiota for improving the efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15668. [PMID: 37124341 PMCID: PMC10121067 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota with aging contributes to a reduction in important cross-feeding bacterial reactions in the gut and immunosenescence, which could contribute to a decrease in vaccine efficacy. Fever, cough, and fatigue are the main signs of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); however, some patients with COVID-19 present with gastrointestinal symptoms. COVID-19 vaccination against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is one of the best measures to reduce SARS-CoV-2 infection rates and the severity of COVID-19. The immunogenicity of COVID-19 vaccines is influenced by the composition of the gut microbiota, and the immune response to COVID-19 vaccines decreases with age. In this review, we discuss gut microbiota dysbiosis and immunosenescence in the older adults, the role of gut microbiota in improving the efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines, and dietary interventions to improve the efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines in the older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soyoung Oh
- Infectious Disease Research Center, Citizen's Health Bureau, Seoul Metropolitan Government, 110, Sejong-daero, Jung-gu, Seoul, 04524, Republic of Korea
| | - Haesook Seo
- Infectious Disease Research Center, Citizen's Health Bureau, Seoul Metropolitan Government, 110, Sejong-daero, Jung-gu, Seoul, 04524, Republic of Korea
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9
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Ray M, Manjunath A, Halami PM. Effect of probiotics as an immune modulator for the management of COVID-19. Arch Microbiol 2023; 205:182. [PMID: 37031431 PMCID: PMC10098245 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03504-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19, an acute respiratory viral infection conveyed by pneumonia caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has affected millions of individuals globally, and is a public health emergency of international concern. Till now, there are no highly effective therapies for this infection without vaccination. As they can evolve quickly and cross the strain level easily, these viruses are causing epidemics or pandemics that are allied with more severe clinical diseases. A new approach is needed to improve immunity to confirm the protection against emerging viral infections. Probiotics can modify gut microbial dysbiosis, improve the host immune system, and stimulate immune signaling, increasing systemic immunity. Several probiotic bacterial therapies have been proven to decrease the period of bacterial or viral infections. Superinduction of inflammation, termed cytokine storm, has been directly linked with pneumonia and severe complications of viral respiratory infections. In this case, probiotics as potential immunomodulatory agents can be an appropriate candidate to improve the host's response to respiratory viral infections. During this COVID-19 pandemic, any approach that can induce mucosal and systemic immunity could be helpful. Here, we summarize contexts regarding the effectiveness of various probiotics for preventing virus-induced respiratory infectious diseases, especially those that could be employed for COVID-19 patients. In addition, the effects of probiotics, their mechanisms on different aspects of immune responses against respiratory viral infection, and their antiviral properties in clinical findings have been described in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mousumi Ray
- Department of Microbiology and Fermentation Technology, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, 570020, India
| | - Ashwini Manjunath
- Department of Developmental Biology and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Prakash M Halami
- Department of Microbiology and Fermentation Technology, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, 570020, India.
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10
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Spacova I, Patusco R, Lebeer S, Jensen MG. Influence of biotic interventions on the immune response to vaccines in young and older adults. Clin Nutr 2023; 42:216-226. [PMID: 36657219 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2023.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Vaccination is the most effective way to confer potent and long-term protection from infectious diseases. However, poorer responses to immunization are common in young adults with sub-optimal immune health and the elderly because of immunosenescence and increased comorbidities. Recent mechanistic studies have highlighted that the microbiota and its compounds modulate many molecular pathways that can influence the host immune system. Consequently, altering the microbiota composition or activity with immunonutrition, specifically with biotic interventions (probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, or postbiotics), may enhance the immune response and vaccine efficacy. This review aims to examine the available data for these biotic strategies to provide clinicians, researchers, and vaccine developers with a mechanistically driven synthesis of how biotic interventions could modulate the immune responses to vaccination. The article describes some postulated mechanistic pathways involved in immunological responses to vaccines and immunomodulation with biotic interventions. Randomized clinical trials were also reviewed to evaluate the impact of specific biotic interventions on vaccination outcomes in different age groups. Few strains and formulations significantly increased antigen-specific antibody titers in individual of all ages. However, studies have also pointed to a substantial heterogeneity that can be attributed to the difference in biotic intervention, strain, dose, viability, type of vaccine antigen, study location, as well as duration, and timing of administration. Future investigations should focus on establishing optimal strains, doses, and timing of administration with respect to vaccination, especially in the elderly and children, where vaccine effectiveness and duration of immunization matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Spacova
- Research Group Environmental Ecology and Applied Microbiology, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Rachael Patusco
- Haleon (formerly GSK Consumer Healthcare Pvt Ltd), United States
| | - Sarah Lebeer
- Research Group Environmental Ecology and Applied Microbiology, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Belgium
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11
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Hazan S, Dave S, Papoutsis AJ, Deshpande N, Howell MC, Martin LM. Vitamin C improves gut Bifidobacteria in humans. Future Microbiol 2022. [PMID: 36475828 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2022-0209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: Numerous beneficial effects of vitamin C (ascorbic acid) supplementation have been reported in the literature. However, data on its effects toward the gut microbiome are limited. We assessed the effect of vitamin C supplementation on the abundance of beneficial bacterial species in the gut microbiome. Materials and methods: Stool samples were analyzed for relative abundance of gut microbiome bacteria using next-generation sequencing-based profiling and metagenomic shotgun analysis. Results: Supplementation with vitamin C increased the abundance of bacteria of the genus Bifidobacterium (p = 0.0001) and affected various species. Conclusion: The beneficial effects of vitamin C supplementation may be attributed to modulation of the gut microbiome and the consequent health benefits thereof.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Hazan
- ProgenaBIome, LLC, Ventura, CA 93003, USA
- Mcrobiome Research Foundation, Ventura, CA 93003, USA
| | - Sonya Dave
- Mcrobiome Research Foundation, Ventura, CA 93003, USA
| | | | | | | | - Leisha Ma Martin
- Texas A&M University - Corpus Christi, Department of Life Sciences, Corpus Christi, TX 78412, USA
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12
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Rossini V, Tolosa-Enguis V, Frances-Cuesta C, Sanz Y. Gut microbiome and anti-viral immunity in COVID-19. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:4587-4602. [PMID: 36382631 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2143476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 mainly affects the respiratory system, but the gastrointestinal tract is also a target. Prolonged gut disorders, in COVID-19 patients, were correlated with decreased richness and diversity of the gut microbiota, immune deregulation and delayed viral clearance. Although there are no definitive conclusions, ample evidence would suggest that the gut microbiome composition and function play a role in COVID-19 progression. Microbiome modulation strategies for population stratification and management of COVID-19 infection are under investigation, representing an area of interest in the ongoing pandemic. In this review, we present the existing data related to the interaction between gut microbes and the host's immune response to SARS-CoV-2 and discuss the implications for current disease management and readiness to face future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Rossini
- Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Spanish National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - V Tolosa-Enguis
- Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Spanish National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - C Frances-Cuesta
- Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Spanish National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Y Sanz
- Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Spanish National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
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13
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Kaneko T, Miyata A, Takahata M. Anti-fatigue effect of OM-X, fermented plant extract with lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacterial: A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, comparative study. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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14
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Nayebi A, Navashenaq JG, Soleimani D, Nachvak SM. Probiotic supplementation: A prospective approach in the treatment of COVID-19. Nutr Health 2022; 28:163-175. [PMID: 34747257 PMCID: PMC9160438 DOI: 10.1177/02601060211049631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Background: Despite strategies based on social distancing, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) expands globally, and so far, many attempts have been made to achieve effective treatment for patients with COVID-19. This disease infects the lower respiratory tract and may lead to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV). COVID-19 also can cause gastrointestinal infections. Therefore, COVID-19 patients with gastrointestinal symptoms are more likely to be complicated by SARS-CoV. In this disease, acquired immune responses are impaired, and uncontrolled inflammatory responses result in cytokine storms, leading to acute lung injury and thrombus formation. Probiotics are living microorganisms that contribute to the health of the host if administered in appropriate doses. Aim: This study aimed to provide evidence to show the importance of gut dysbiosis in viral disease, especially COVID-19. Therefore, we have focused on the impact of probiotics consumption on preventing severe symptoms of the disease. Methods: We have entirely searched SCOPUS, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases to collect evidence regarding the relationship between probiotics and viral infections to expand this relationship to the COVID-19. Results: It has been shown that probiotics directly counteract SARS-CoV in the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts. Moreover, probiotics suppress severe immune responses and prevent cytokine storms to inhibit pathologic inflammatory conditions in the body via modulation of immune responses. Conclusion: According to available evidence based on their antiviral and respiratory activities, using probiotics might be an adjuvant therapy to reduce the burden and severity of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atiyeh Nayebi
- Student Research Committee, Nutritional Sciences Department, School of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Nutritional Sciences Department, School of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | | | - Davood Soleimani
- Student Research Committee, Nutritional Sciences Department, School of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Research Center of Oils and Fats, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Seyyed Mostafa Nachvak
- Student Research Committee, Nutritional Sciences Department, School of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Nutritional Sciences Department, School of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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15
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Debnath N, Kumar A, Yadav AK. Probiotics as a biotherapeutics for the management and prevention of respiratory tract diseases. Microbiol Immunol 2022; 66:277-291. [DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nabendu Debnath
- Centre for Molecular Biology Central University of Jammu Samba 181143 Jammu and Kashmir (UT) India
| | - Ashwani Kumar
- Department of Nutrition Biology Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh Jant‐Pali 123031 Haryana India
| | - Ashok Kumar Yadav
- Centre for Molecular Biology Central University of Jammu Samba 181143 Jammu and Kashmir (UT) India
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16
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He BL, Xiong Y, Hu TG, Zong MH, Wu H. Bifidobacterium spp. as functional foods: A review of current status, challenges, and strategies. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:8048-8065. [PMID: 35319324 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2054934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Members of Bifidobacterium are among the first microbes to colonize the human intestine naturally, their abundance and diversity in the colon are closely related to host health. Recently, the gut microbiota has been gradually proven to be crucial mediators of various metabolic processes between the external environment and the host. Therefore, the health-promoting benefits of Bifidobacterium spp. and their applications in food have gradually been widely concerned. The main purpose of this review is to comprehensively introduce general features, colonization methods, and safety of Bifidobacterium spp. in the human gut, highlighting its health benefits and industrial applications. On this basis, the existing limitations and scope for future research are also discussed. Bifidobacteria have beneficial effects on the host's digestive system, immune system, and nervous system. However, the first prerequisite for functioning is to have enough live bacteria before consumption and successfully colonize the colon after ingestion. At present, strain breeding, optimization (e.g., selecting acid and bile resistant strains, adaptive evolution, high cell density culture), and external protection technology (e.g., microencapsulation and protectants) are the main strategies to address these challenges in food application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Lin He
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong Xiong
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Guangzhou, China
| | - Teng-Gen Hu
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min-Hua Zong
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong Wu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Guangzhou, China
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17
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Ameliorating effects of probiotics on alterations in iron homeostasis and inflammation in COVID-19. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:5153-5163. [PMID: 35169998 PMCID: PMC8852924 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07226-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Introduction The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is caused by the severe acute syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-COV-2) and still threatens human life. This pandemic is still causing increased mortality throughout the world. Many recent studies have been conducted to discover the pathophysiology of this virus. Material and methods However, in this narrative review, we attempted to summarize some of the alterations in physiological pathways that were evident in this viral invasion. Excessive inflammation that progresses to cytokine storm, changes in humoral and cell-mediated immunity, and observed alterations in iron metabolism are included in the pathogenesis of the virus. Iron homeostasis disturbances may persist for more than two months after the onset of COVID-19, which may lead to reduced iron bioavailability, hypoferremia, hyperferritinemia, impaired hemoglobin, and red blood cell synthesis. Furthermore, hypoferriemia may impair immune system function. Until now, the traditional treatments discovered are still being tried. Results However, using probiotics as an adjuvant was shown to have beneficial effects on both iron homeostasis and immunity in COVID-19. Herein, we discussed the possible mechanisms achieved by probiotics to ameliorate iron and immunity changes based on the available literature. Conclusion We concluded that supplementing probiotics with conventional therapy may improve COVID-19 symptoms and outcomes. Taking into consideration the use of good quality probiotics and appropriate dosage, undesirable effects can be avoided.
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18
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Gastrointestinal Microbiota Dysbiosis Associated with SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Colorectal Cancer: The Implication of Probiotics. GASTROENTEROLOGY INSIGHTS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/gastroent13010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The complexity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)’s pathophysiology is such that microbial dysbiosis in the lung and gastrointestinal (GI) microbiota may be involved in its pathogenic process. GI microbiota dysbiosis has been associated with respiratory disorders, including COVID-19, as well as sporadic colorectal cancer (CRC) through imbalanced microbiota and compromised immune response. It is pertinent to understand the possible role of probiotics in stabilizing the microbial environment and maintaining the integrity of the respiratory and GI tracts in SARS-CoV-2 induced dysbiosis and colorectal carcinogenesis. The long-term implication of SARS-CoV-2 in GI dysbiosis via microbiota-gut-lung cross-talk could increase the risk of new CRC diagnosis or worsen the condition of previously diagnosed individuals. Recent knowledge shows that the immune-modulatory response to probiotics is shifting the beneficial use of probiotics towards the treatment of various diseases. In this review, we highlight the potential impact of probiotics on SARS-CoV-2 infection associated with CRC through microbiota imbalance in COVID-19 patients.
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19
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Kageyama Y, Nishizaki Y, Aida K, Yayama K, Ebisui T, Akiyama T, Nakamura T. Lactobacillus plantarum induces innate cytokine responses that potentially provide a protective benefit against COVID-19: A single-arm, double-blind, prospective trial combined with an in vitro cytokine response assay. Exp Ther Med 2022; 23:20. [PMID: 34815772 PMCID: PMC8593926 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal microbiota can indirectly modulate airway physiology and immunity through the gut-lung axis. Recent microbiome studies indicate that patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) exhibit a specific intestinal dysbiosis that is closely associated with the disease pathophysiology. Therefore, rebalancing the intestinal microbiome using probiotics may be effective for controlling COVID-19. However, the rationale for using probiotics in COVID-19 remains unclear. In the present study, an in vitro cytokine response assay was conducted, followed by a single-arm, double-blind, prospective trial to evaluate the immunological efficacy of probiotic lactic acid bacteria against COVID-19. The present study focused on Lactobacillus plantarum (L. plantarum), Bifidobacterium longum and Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis, which exhibit robust protective effects against infection with respiratory RNA viruses. Considering the feasibility of long-term daily intake for prophylactic purposes, healthy uninfected individuals were enrolled as subjects. Our previous pilot trial demonstrated that oral Qingfei Paidu decoction (QFPD), a Chinese herbal medicine formulated specifically against COVID-19, upregulates plasma TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-18 and IL-8. Therefore, the present study utilized the cytokine changes induced by QFPD to define the innate cytokine index QICI [=(TNF-α) x (IL-1β) x (IL-18) x (IL-8)/(IL-6)] as an indicator of the anti-COVID-19 immunomodulatory potential of the lactic acid bacteria. A total of 20 eligible volunteers were enrolled, 18 of whom completed the intervention. L. plantarum demonstrated a strikingly high innate cytokine index in all subjects in the in vitro cytokine response assay. In the subsequent trial, oral intake of L. plantarum significantly increased the innate cytokine index (mean fold change, 17-fold; P=0.0138) and decreased the plasma level of IL-6 (P=0.0128), a key driver of complex immune dysregulation in COVID-19, as compared with the baseline. The cytokine index increased in 16 of 18 subjects (88.9%) with considerable individual differences in the fold change (1- to 128-fold). In line with these innate cytokine changes, L. plantarum ingestion significantly enhanced the activity of natural killer cells. By contrast, oral B. longum failed to induce a significant increase in the innate cytokine index (mean fold change, 2-fold; P=0.474) as compared with the baseline. In conclusion, L. plantarum demonstrated superior QFPD-like immunomodulatory ability and mimicked the blood cytokine environment produced by early immune responses to viral infection. Daily consumption of L. plantarum as an anti-COVID-19 probiotic may be a possible option for preventing COVID-19 during the pandemic. The present study was prospectively registered in the University Hospital Medical Information Network-Clinical Trials Registry under the trial number UMIN000040479 on 22 May 2020 (https://upload.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr_e/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000046202).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasunari Kageyama
- Takanawa Clinic, Tokyo 108-0074, Japan
- Tokai University Hospital, Isehara-shi, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Nishizaki
- Tokai University Hospital, Isehara-shi, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan
- Department of Clinical Health Science, Tokai University Tokyo Hospital, Tokai University School of Medicine, Tokyo 151-0053, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Tetsu Akiyama
- Laboratory of Molecular and Genetic Information, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Nakamura
- Takanawa Clinic, Tokyo 108-0074, Japan
- Laboratory of Molecular and Genetic Information, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
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20
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Picó-Monllor JA, Ruzafa-Costas B, Núñez-Delegido E, Sánchez-Pellicer P, Peris-Berraco J, Navarro-Lopez V. Selection of Probiotics in the Prevention of Respiratory Tract Infections and Their Impact on Occupational Health: Scoping Review. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13124419. [PMID: 34959970 PMCID: PMC8705755 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The occupational health impact of respiratory infectious diseases is costly to the economy and the health care system. Probiotics are non-pathogenic live microorganisms that, when ingested in adequate amounts, can colonize the intestinal tract, and enhance the immune system. In recent years, numerous studies have described the possible usefulness of certain probiotic strains in the treatment and prevention of respiratory tract infections, with disparate results. In order to assess the possible efficacy and safety of these microorganisms to prevent or ameliorate respiratory tract infections, we systematically searched the bibliographic databases MEDLINE (via Pubmed), EMBASE, The Cochrane library, Scopus, and Web of science, using the descriptors “Respiratory Tract Infections”, “Probiotics”, “Occupational Health”, “Humans”, and “Clinical Trials”. After applying our inclusion and exclusion criteria, 18 studies were accepted for review and critical analysis. Our analysis suggests that a combination of different probiotics, most of them in the genus Bifidobacterium sp. and Lactobacillus sp., could be a good mix to strengthen the immune system and reduce the symptoms of URTIs in the healthy working population.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Antonio Picó-Monllor
- Department of Pharmacology, Pediatrics and Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, 03202 Elche, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Beatriz Ruzafa-Costas
- MiBioPath Research Group, Health and Science Faculty, Catholic University of Murcia (UCAM), Campus de los Jerónimos n 135, 30107 Murcia, Spain; (B.R.-C.); (E.N.-D.); (P.S.-P.); (V.N.-L.)
| | - Eva Núñez-Delegido
- MiBioPath Research Group, Health and Science Faculty, Catholic University of Murcia (UCAM), Campus de los Jerónimos n 135, 30107 Murcia, Spain; (B.R.-C.); (E.N.-D.); (P.S.-P.); (V.N.-L.)
| | - Pedro Sánchez-Pellicer
- MiBioPath Research Group, Health and Science Faculty, Catholic University of Murcia (UCAM), Campus de los Jerónimos n 135, 30107 Murcia, Spain; (B.R.-C.); (E.N.-D.); (P.S.-P.); (V.N.-L.)
| | | | - Vicente Navarro-Lopez
- MiBioPath Research Group, Health and Science Faculty, Catholic University of Murcia (UCAM), Campus de los Jerónimos n 135, 30107 Murcia, Spain; (B.R.-C.); (E.N.-D.); (P.S.-P.); (V.N.-L.)
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Disease Unit, Hospital Universitario Vinalopó, 03293 Elche, Spain
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21
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Baradaran Ghavami S, Pourhamzeh M, Farmani M, Keshavarz H, Shahrokh S, Shpichka A, Asadzadeh Aghdaei H, Hakemi-Vala M, Hossein-khannazer N, Timashev P, Vosough M. Cross-talk between immune system and microbiota in COVID-19. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 15:1281-1294. [PMID: 34654347 PMCID: PMC8567289 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2021.1991311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Human gut microbiota plays a crucial role in providing protective responses against pathogens, particularly by regulating immune system homeostasis. There is a reciprocal interaction between the gut and lung microbiota, called the gut-lung axis (GLA). Any alteration in the gut microbiota or their metabolites can cause immune dysregulation, which can impair the antiviral activity of the immune system against respiratory viruses such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and SARS-CoV-2. AREAS COVERED This narrative review mainly outlines emerging data on the mechanisms underlying the interactions between the immune system and intestinal microbial dysbiosis, which is caused by an imbalance in the levels of essential metabolites. The authors will also discuss the role of probiotics in restoring the balance of the gut microbiota and modulation of cytokine storm. EXPERT OPINION Microbiota-derived signals regulate the immune system and protect different tissues during severe viral respiratory infections. The GLA's equilibration could help manage the mortality and morbidity rates associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaghayegh Baradaran Ghavami
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Thran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Pourhamzeh
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- Division of Neuroscience, Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Farmani
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Thran, Iran
| | - Hediye Keshavarz
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Thran, Iran
| | - Shabnam Shahrokh
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Thran, Iran
| | - Anastasia Shpichka
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- World-Class Research Center “Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare”, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Hamid Asadzadeh Aghdaei
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Thran, Iran
| | - Mojdeh Hakemi-Vala
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nikoo Hossein-khannazer
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Thran, Iran
| | - Peter Timashev
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- World-Class Research Center “Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare”, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Massoud Vosough
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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22
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THE INTESTINAL COMMENSAL, Bacteroides fragilis, MODULATES HOST RESPONSES TO VIRAL INFECTION AND THERAPY: LESSONS FOR EXPLORATION DURING Mycobacterium tuberculosis INFECTION. Infect Immun 2021; 90:e0032121. [PMID: 34606367 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00321-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota has emerged as a critical player in host health. Bacteroides fragilis is a prominent member of the gut microbiota within the phyla Bacteroidetes. This commensal bacterium produces unique capsular polysaccharides processed by antigen-presenting cells and activates CD4+ T cells to secrete inflammatory cytokines. Indeed, due to their immunomodulatory functions, B. fragilis and its capsular polysaccharide-A (PSA) are arguably the most explored single commensal microbiota/symbiotic factor. B. fragilis/PSA has been shown to protect against colitis, encephalomyelitis, colorectal cancer, pulmonary inflammation, and asthma. Here, we review (1) recent data on the immunomodulatory role of B. fragilis/PSA during viral infections and therapy, (2) B. fragilis PSA's dual ability to mediate pro-and anti-inflammatory processes, and the potential for exploring this unique characteristic during intracellular bacterial infections such as with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (3) discuss the protective roles of single commensal-derived probiotic species including B. fragilis in lung inflammation and respiratory infections that may provide essential cues for possible exploration of microbiota based/augmented therapies in tuberculosis (TB). Available data on the relationship between B. fragilis/PSA, the immune system, and disease suggest clinical relevance for developing B. fragilis into a next-generation probiotic or, possibly, the engineering of PSA into a potent carbohydrate-based vaccine.
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23
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Effects of Heat-Killed Levilactobacillus brevis KB290 in Combination with β-Carotene on Influenza Virus Infection in Healthy Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13093039. [PMID: 34578917 PMCID: PMC8467669 DOI: 10.3390/nu13093039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza, a seasonal acute respiratory disease caused primarily by the influenza virus A or B, manifests with severe symptoms leading to considerable morbidity and mortality and is a major concern worldwide. Therefore, effective preventive measures against it are required. The aim of this trial was to evaluate the preventive effects of heat-killed Levilactobacillus brevis KB290 (KB290) in combination with β-carotene (βC) on influenza virus infections in healthy Japanese subjects aged between 20 and 59 y throughout the winter season. We performed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial from 16 December 2019 to 8 March 2020, comparing KB290 + βC beverage with placebo beverage. The primary endpoint was the incidence of influenza based on a doctor’s certificate. The incidence of influenza was not significantly different between the two groups. However, the subgroup analysis showed a significant difference between the two groups (influenza incidence: the KB290 + βC group 1.9%, and the placebo group 3.9%) in the subgroup of subjects aged ˂40 y, but not in the subgroup of subjects aged ≥40 y. The results of this trial suggest that the combination of KB290 and βC might be a possible candidate supplement for protection against the seasonal influenza virus infection in humans aged <40 y, although further clinical studies are needed to confirm the concrete preventive effect of this combination on influenza.
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Laue C, Stevens Y, van Erp M, Papazova E, Soeth E, Pannenbeckers A, Stolte E, Böhm R, Gall SL, Falourd X, Ballance S, Knutsen SH, Pinheiro I, Possemiers S, Ryan PM, Ross RP, Stanton C, Wells JM, van der Werf S, Mes JJ, Schrezenmeir J. Adjuvant Effect of Orally Applied Preparations Containing Non-Digestible Polysaccharides on Influenza Vaccination in Healthy Seniors: A Double-Blind, Randomised, Controlled Pilot Trial. Nutrients 2021; 13:2683. [PMID: 34444843 PMCID: PMC8400163 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Senior individuals can suffer from immunosenescence and novel strategies to bolster the immune response could contribute to healthy ageing. In this double-blind, randomised, controlled pilot trial, we investigated the ability of non-digestible polysaccharide (NPS) preparations to enhance the immune response in a human vaccination model. In total, 239 subjects (aged 50-79 years) were randomised to consume one of five different NPS (yeast β-glucan (YBG), shiitake β-glucan (SBG), oat β-glucan (OBG), arabinoxylan (AX), bacterial exopolysaccharide (EPS)) or control (CTRL) product daily for five weeks. After two weeks of intervention, subjects were vaccinated with seasonal influenza vaccine. The post-vaccination increases in haemagglutination inhibition antibody titres and seroprotection rate against the influenza strains were non-significantly enhanced in the NPS intervention groups compared to CTRL. Specifically, a trend towards a higher mean log2 fold increase was observed in the AX group (uncorrected p = 0.074) combined with a trend for an increased seroprotection rate, AX group (48.7%) compared to CTRL (25.6%) (uncorrected p = 0.057), for the influenza A H1N1 strain. Subjects consuming AX also had a reduced incidence of common colds compared to CTRL (1 vs. 8; p = 0.029 in Fisher exact test). No adverse effects of NPS consumption were reported. The findings of this pilot study warrant further research to study AX as an oral adjuvant to support vaccine efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Laue
- Clinical Research Center Kiel, Kiel Center of Innovation and Technology, 24118 Kiel, Germany; (E.P.); (E.S.); (A.P.); (R.B.); (J.S.)
| | - Yala Stevens
- BioActor, Brightlands Health Campus, 6229 GS Maastricht, The Netherlands; (Y.S.); (M.v.E.)
| | - Monique van Erp
- BioActor, Brightlands Health Campus, 6229 GS Maastricht, The Netherlands; (Y.S.); (M.v.E.)
| | - Ekaterina Papazova
- Clinical Research Center Kiel, Kiel Center of Innovation and Technology, 24118 Kiel, Germany; (E.P.); (E.S.); (A.P.); (R.B.); (J.S.)
| | - Edlyn Soeth
- Clinical Research Center Kiel, Kiel Center of Innovation and Technology, 24118 Kiel, Germany; (E.P.); (E.S.); (A.P.); (R.B.); (J.S.)
| | - Angelika Pannenbeckers
- Clinical Research Center Kiel, Kiel Center of Innovation and Technology, 24118 Kiel, Germany; (E.P.); (E.S.); (A.P.); (R.B.); (J.S.)
| | - Ellen Stolte
- Host-Microbe Interactomics, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 WD Wageningen, The Netherlands; (E.S.); (J.M.W.)
| | - Ruwen Böhm
- Clinical Research Center Kiel, Kiel Center of Innovation and Technology, 24118 Kiel, Germany; (E.P.); (E.S.); (A.P.); (R.B.); (J.S.)
| | - Sophie Le Gall
- UR1268 BIA, INRA, 44316 Nantes, France; (S.L.G.); (X.F.)
| | - Xavier Falourd
- UR1268 BIA, INRA, 44316 Nantes, France; (S.L.G.); (X.F.)
| | - Simon Ballance
- Nofima, Norwegian Institute of Food Fisheries & Aquaculture Research , 1433 Ås, Norway; (S.B.); (S.H.K.)
| | - Svein H. Knutsen
- Nofima, Norwegian Institute of Food Fisheries & Aquaculture Research , 1433 Ås, Norway; (S.B.); (S.H.K.)
| | - Iris Pinheiro
- Prodigest, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; (I.P.); (S.P.)
| | - Sam Possemiers
- Prodigest, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; (I.P.); (S.P.)
| | - Paul M. Ryan
- Teagasc, Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co., P61 C996 Cork, Ireland; (P.M.R.); (C.S.)
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 YT20 Cork, Ireland;
| | - R. Paul Ross
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 YT20 Cork, Ireland;
| | - Catherine Stanton
- Teagasc, Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co., P61 C996 Cork, Ireland; (P.M.R.); (C.S.)
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 YT20 Cork, Ireland;
| | - Jerry M. Wells
- Host-Microbe Interactomics, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 WD Wageningen, The Netherlands; (E.S.); (J.M.W.)
| | | | - Jurriaan J. Mes
- Wageningen Food and Biobased Research, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Juergen Schrezenmeir
- Clinical Research Center Kiel, Kiel Center of Innovation and Technology, 24118 Kiel, Germany; (E.P.); (E.S.); (A.P.); (R.B.); (J.S.)
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Santibañez A, Paine D, Parra M, Muñoz C, Valdes N, Zapata C, Vargas R, Gonzalez A, Tello M. Oral Administration of Lactococcus lactis Producing Interferon Type II, Enhances the Immune Response Against Bacterial Pathogens in Rainbow Trout. Front Immunol 2021; 12:696803. [PMID: 34248997 PMCID: PMC8268009 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.696803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria are a powerful vehicle for releasing of cytokines and immunostimulant peptides at the gastrointestinal level after oral administration. However, its therapeutic application against pathogens that affect rainbow trout and Atlantic salmon has been little explored. Type II interferon in Atlantic salmon activates the antiviral response, protecting against viral infection, but its role against bacterial infection has not been tested in vivo. In this work, through the design of a recombinant lactic acid bacterium capable of producing Interferon gamma from Atlantic salmon, we explore its role against bacterial infection and the ability to stimulate systemic immune response after oral administration of the recombinant probiotic. Recombinant interferon was active in vitro, mainly stimulating IL-6 expression in SHK-1 cells. In vivo, oral administration of the recombinant probiotic produced an increase in IL-6, IFNγ and IL-12 in the spleen and kidney, in addition to stimulating the activity of lysozyme in serum. The challenge trials indicated that the administration of the IFNγ-producing probiotic doubled the survival in fish infected with F. psychrophilum. In conclusion, our results showed that the oral administration of lactic acid bacteria producing IFNγ managed to stimulate the immune response at a systemic level, conferring protection against pathogens, showing a biotechnological potential for its application in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Santibañez
- Departamento de Biología, Laboratorio de Metagenómica Bacteriana, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Consorcio Tecnológico de Sanidad Acuícola, Ictio Biotechnologies S.A., Santiago, Chile
| | - Diego Paine
- Departamento de Biología, Laboratorio de Metagenómica Bacteriana, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Consorcio Tecnológico de Sanidad Acuícola, Ictio Biotechnologies S.A., Santiago, Chile
| | - Mick Parra
- Departamento de Biología, Laboratorio de Metagenómica Bacteriana, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Consorcio Tecnológico de Sanidad Acuícola, Ictio Biotechnologies S.A., Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos Muñoz
- Departamento de Biología, Laboratorio de Metagenómica Bacteriana, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Consorcio Tecnológico de Sanidad Acuícola, Ictio Biotechnologies S.A., Santiago, Chile
| | - Natalia Valdes
- Departamento de Biología, Laboratorio de Metagenómica Bacteriana, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Consorcio Tecnológico de Sanidad Acuícola, Ictio Biotechnologies S.A., Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudia Zapata
- Departamento de Biología, Laboratorio de Metagenómica Bacteriana, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Consorcio Tecnológico de Sanidad Acuícola, Ictio Biotechnologies S.A., Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Vargas
- Departamento de Biología, Laboratorio de Metagenómica Bacteriana, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alex Gonzalez
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Ambiental y Extremófilos, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de los Lagos, Osorno, Chile
| | - Mario Tello
- Departamento de Biología, Laboratorio de Metagenómica Bacteriana, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Consorcio Tecnológico de Sanidad Acuícola, Ictio Biotechnologies S.A., Santiago, Chile
- IctioBiotic SpA, Santiago, Chile
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Raheem A, Liang L, Zhang G, Cui S. Modulatory Effects of Probiotics During Pathogenic Infections With Emphasis on Immune Regulation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:616713. [PMID: 33897683 PMCID: PMC8060567 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.616713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to inhibit pathogenic complications and to enhance animal and poultry growth, antibiotics have been extensively used for many years. Antibiotics applications not only affect target pathogens but also intestinal beneficially microbes, inducing long-lasting changes in intestinal microbiota associated with diseases. The application of antibiotics also has many other side effects like, intestinal barrier dysfunction, antibiotics residues in foodstuffs, nephropathy, allergy, bone marrow toxicity, mutagenicity, reproductive disorders, hepatotoxicity carcinogenicity, and antibiotic-resistant bacteria, which greatly compromise the efficacy of antibiotics. Thus, the development of new antibiotics is necessary, while the search for antibiotic alternatives continues. Probiotics are considered the ideal antibiotic substitute; in recent years, probiotic research concerning their application during pathogenic infections in humans, aquaculture, poultry, and livestock industry, with emphasis on modulating the immune system of the host, has been attracting considerable interest. Hence, the adverse effects of antibiotics and remedial effects of probiotics during infectious diseases have become central points of focus among researchers. Probiotics are live microorganisms, and when given in adequate quantities, confer good health effects to the host through different mechanisms. Among them, the regulation of host immune response during pathogenic infections is one of the most important mechanisms. A number of studies have investigated different aspects of probiotics. In this review, we mainly summarize recent discoveries and discuss two important aspects: (1) the application of probiotics during pathogenic infections; and (2) their modulatory effects on the immune response of the host during infectious and non-infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Raheem
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Technology of Beijing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Liang
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Technology of Beijing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Guangzhi Zhang
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Technology of Beijing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Shangjin Cui
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Technology of Beijing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
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27
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Darbandi A, Asadi A, Ghanavati R, Afifirad R, Darb Emamie A, Kakanj M, Talebi M. The effect of probiotics on respiratory tract infection with special emphasis on COVID-19: Systemic review 2010-20. Int J Infect Dis 2021; 105:91-104. [PMID: 33578007 PMCID: PMC7871912 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2021.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the effects of probiotics on respiratory tract infection (RTI) a systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) from January 2010 to January 2020 was conducted. The PubMed, Google Scholar, Embase, Scopus, Clinicaltrials.gov, and International Clinical Trials Registry Platform databases were systematically searched for the following keywords: respiratory tract infection, probiotics, viral infection, COVID-19, and clinical trial. A total of 27 clinical trials conducted on 9433 patients with RTI plus 10 ongoing clinical studies of probiotics intervention in Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) were reviewed. The review looked at the potency of probiotics for the hindrance and/or treatment of RTI diseases, this may also apply to COVID-19. The review found that probiotics could significantly increase the plasma levels of cytokines, the effect of influenza vaccine and quality of life, as well as reducing the titer of viruses and the incidence and duration of respiratory infections. These antiviral and immune-modulating activities and their ability to stimulate interferon production recommend the use of probiotics as an adjunctive therapy to prevent COVID-19. Based on this extensive review of RCTs we suggest that probiotics are a rational complementary treatment for RTI diseases and a viable option to support faster recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atieh Darbandi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Microbial Biotechnology Research Centre, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arezoo Asadi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Microbial Biotechnology Research Centre, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Roghayeh Afifirad
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Darb Emamie
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Kakanj
- Food and Drug Laboratory Research Center, Food and Drug Administation, MOH&ME, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Malihe Talebi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Microbial Biotechnology Research Centre, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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28
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Association between coffee and green tea intake and pneumonia among the Japanese elderly: a case-control study. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5570. [PMID: 33692403 PMCID: PMC7946905 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84348-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A large prospective cohort study in the United States examined the association between coffee intake and overall and cause-specific mortality and showed a inverse association between pneumonia and influenza deaths and coffee intake. In Japan, the mortality rate of pneumonia in elderly people is high, and its prevention is an important issue. The present study investigated the association between coffee and green tea intake and pneumonia among the elderly. The design was a hospital-based case control study. The cases were patients over 65 years old newly diagnosed as pneumonia. As a control, patients with the same sex and age (range of 5 years) who visited the same medical institution around the same time (within 2 months after examination of the case) for a disease other than pneumonia were selected. There were two controls per case. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for pneumonia of coffee and green tea intake during the past month were calculated using a conditional logistic regression model. A total of 199 cases and 374 controls were enrolled. When compared to those who do not drink coffee, the OR for pneumonia of those who drink less than one cup of coffee per day was 0.69 (95% CI 0.39–1.21), OR of those who drink one cup was 0.67 (0.38–1.18), and OR of those who drink two or more cups was 0.50 (0.28–0.88) (Trend p = 0.024). No association was found between pneumonia and green tea consumption. This study suggested a preventive association between coffee intake over 2 cups per day and pneumonia in the elderly.
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de Oliveira GLV, Oliveira CNS, Pinzan CF, de Salis LVV, Cardoso CRDB. Microbiota Modulation of the Gut-Lung Axis in COVID-19. Front Immunol 2021; 12:635471. [PMID: 33717181 PMCID: PMC7945592 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.635471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), and according to the World Health Organization (WHO), to date, SARS-CoV-2 has already infected more than 91.8 million people worldwide with 1,986,871 deaths. This virus affects mainly the respiratory system, but the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is also a target, meanwhile SARS-CoV-2 was already detected in oesophagus, stomach, duodenum, rectum, and in fecal samples from COVID-19 patients. Prolonged GIT manifestations in COVID-19, mainly the diarrhea, were correlated with decreased richness and diversity of the gut microbiota, immune deregulation and delayed SARS-CoV-2 clearance. So, the bidirectional interactions between the respiratory mucosa and the gut microbiota, known as gut-lung axis, are supposed to be involved in the healthy or pathologic immune responses to SARS-CoV-2. In accordance, the intestinal dysbiosis is associated with increased mortality in other respiratory infections, due to an exacerbated inflammation and decreased regulatory or anti-inflammatory mechanisms in the lungs and in the gut, pointing to this important relationship between both mucosal compartments. Therefore, since the mucous membranes from the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts are affected, in addition to dysbiosis and inflammation, it is plausible to assume that adjunctive therapies based on the modulation of the gut microbiota and re-establishment of eubiosis conditions could be an important therapeutic approach for constraining the harmful consequences of COVID-19. Then, in this review, we summarized studies showing the persistence of SARS-CoV-2 in the gastrointestinal system and the related digestive COVID-19 manifestations, in addition to the literature demonstrating nasopharyngeal, pulmonary and intestinal dysbiosis in COVID-19 patients. Lastly, we showed the potential beneficial role of probiotic administration in other respiratory infections, and discuss the possible role of probiotics as an adjunctive therapy in SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gislane Lelis Vilela de Oliveira
- Microbiology Program, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Sao Jose do Rio Preto, Brazil
- Food Engineering and Technology Department, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Sao Jose do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Camilla Narjara Simão Oliveira
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Camila Figueiredo Pinzan
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Larissa Vedovato Vilela de Salis
- Microbiology Program, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Sao Jose do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Cristina Ribeiro de Barros Cardoso
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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Akatsu H. Exploring the Effect of Probiotics, Prebiotics, and Postbiotics in Strengthening Immune Activity in the Elderly. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:136. [PMID: 33567790 PMCID: PMC7915329 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9020136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccination is the easiest way to stimulate the immune system to confer protection from disease. However, the inefficacy of vaccination in the elderly, especially those under nutritional control such as individuals receiving artificial nutrition after cerebral infarction or during dementia, has led to the search for an adjuvant to augment the acquired immune response in this population. The cross-talk between the gut microbiota and the host immune system is gaining attention as a potential adjuvant for vaccines. Probiotics, prebiotics, and postbiotics, which are commonly used to modulate gut health, may enhance the immune response and the effectiveness of vaccination in the elderly. This review summarizes the use of these gut modulators as adjuvants to boost both the innate and acquired immune responses in the elderly under nutritional control. Although the clinical evidence on this topic is limited and the initial findings await clarification through future studies with large sample sizes and proper study designs, they highlight the necessity for additional research in this field, especially in light of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, which is disproportionately affecting the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyasu Akatsu
- Department of Community-Based Medical Education, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
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31
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Sadiq FA. Is it time for microbiome-based therapies in viral infections? Virus Res 2021; 291:198203. [PMID: 33132161 PMCID: PMC7580679 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2020.198203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Infectious diseases related to viruses, as well as bacterial pathogens, abound in all parts of the world, burdening health and economy. Thus, there is a dire need to find new prevention and treatment strategies to improve clinical practices related to viral infections. Human gut contains trillions of bacteria which have regulatory roles in immune development, homeostasis, and body metabolism. Today, it is difficult to find any prominent viral infection that hasn't had any link with the human gut microbiota. In this opinion-based review article, I argued the significance of manipulating human gut microbiota as novel therapeutics through probiotics or FMT in alleviating complexities related to viral infections, and pinpointed bottlenecks involved in this research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faizan Ahmed Sadiq
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 1800 Lihu Avenue, 214122, China.
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Munshi S, Chakraborty M. The prospects of employing probiotics in combating COVID-19. Tzu Chi Med J 2021; 34:148-159. [PMID: 35465282 PMCID: PMC9020247 DOI: 10.4103/tcmj.tcmj_104_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Unanticipated pathogenic risk and emerging transmittable diseases can result from interspecies exchanges of viruses among animals and humans. The emergence of the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) causing coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic has recently exemplified this mechanism. Cough, fever, fatigue, headache, sputum production, hemoptysis, dyspnea, diarrhea, and gastrointestinal disorders are the characteristic features of the disease. The most prevalent and serious manifestation of the infection tends to be pneumonia. The new strains of SARS-CoV-2 with more infectivity have been emerging at regular intervals. There is currently no World Health Organization-approved particular drug for COVID-19. Besides, developing novel antivirals would take much time. Thus, repurposing the application of natural products can provide alternatives and can facilitate medication against COVID-19 as well as can slow down the aggressive progression of the disease before the arrival of approved drugs. Probiotics have long been known for their positive effects on the gut microbiome and impact on immune responses. Particularly, their involvement against viral diseases, especially those of the upper and lower respiratory tract, is of current interest for their prospective application against COVID-19. In this review, we comprehensively address the mode of action of probiotics and their possible intervention against coronavirus diseases correlating with their efficacy against viral diseases. In this regard, we explored recently published relevant research and review articles in MEDLINE/PubMed related to COVID-19 and the effects of probiotics on viral infections.
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Bosco N, Noti M. The aging gut microbiome and its impact on host immunity. Genes Immun 2021; 22:289-303. [PMID: 33875817 PMCID: PMC8054695 DOI: 10.1038/s41435-021-00126-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The microbiome plays a fundamental role in the maturation, function, and regulation of the host-immune system from birth to old age. In return, the immune system has co-evolved a mutualistic relationship with trillions of beneficial microbes residing our bodies while mounting efficient responses to fight invading pathogens. As we age, both the immune system and the gut microbiome undergo significant changes in composition and function that correlate with increased susceptibility to infectious diseases and reduced vaccination responses. Emerging studies suggest that targeting age-related dysbiosis can improve health- and lifespan, in part through reducing systemic low-grade inflammation and immunosenescence-two hallmarks of the aging process. However-a cause and effect relationship of age-related dysbiosis and associated functional declines in immune cell functioning have yet to be demonstrated in clinical settings. This review aims to (i) give an overview on hallmarks of the aging immune system and gut microbiome, (ii) discuss the impact of age-related changes in the gut commensal community structure (introduced as microb-aging) on host-immune fitness and health, and (iii) summarize prebiotic- and probiotic clinical intervention trials aiming to reinforce age-related declines in immune cell functioning through microbiome modulation or rejuvenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabil Bosco
- grid.419905.00000 0001 0066 4948Nestlé Research, Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Cell Biology, Cellular Metabolism, EPFL Innovation Park, Nestlé SA, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mario Noti
- grid.419905.00000 0001 0066 4948Nestlé Research, Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Gastrointestinal Health, Immunology, Vers-Chez-les-Blancs, Nestlé SA, Lausanne, Switzerland
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34
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Vedhara K, Royal S, Sunger K, Caldwell DM, Halliday V, Taylor CM, Fairclough L, Avery A, Welton NJ. Effects of non-pharmacological interventions as vaccine adjuvants in humans: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Health Psychol Rev 2020; 15:245-271. [PMID: 33222621 DOI: 10.1080/17437199.2020.1854050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Psychological and behavioural may enhance vaccine effectiveness. We conducted a systematic review and network meta-analysis (NMA) to examine the effects of non-pharmacological adjuvants on vaccine effectiveness, as measured by antibody responses to vaccination. AREAS COVERED Electronic databases (EMBASE, Medline, PsychINFO, CINAHL) were searched from inception to 6th February 2018. This yielded 100 eligible papers, reporting 106 trials: 79 interventions associated with diet and/or nutrition; 12 physical activity interventions and 9 psychological interventions.Over half (58/106) of trials reported evidence of an enhanced antibody response to vaccination across one or more outcomes. The NMA considered the comparative effects between all intervention types, control and placebo for antibody titres (48 studies), seroconversion (25 studies) and seroprotection (23 studies) separately. The NMA provided weak evidence in support of nutritional formulae and probiotics in increasing antibody titres. EXPERT OPINION This review offers a comprehensive summary of the literature on non-pharmacological interventions as vaccine adjuvants. The evidence is characterised by considerable heterogeneity but provides early evidence in support of nutritional formulae and probiotic interventions. Psychological and exercise-based interventions were characterised by limited and unreliable evidence. Large, well-designed studies including consistent core outcomes and measures of intervention adherence and fidelity are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavita Vedhara
- Division of Primary Care, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Simon Royal
- University of Nottingham Health Service, Cripps Health Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - Kanchan Sunger
- Division of Primary Care, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Deborah M Caldwell
- School of Social & Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Behavioural Science and Evaluation, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Vanessa Halliday
- School of Health & Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Caroline M Taylor
- Centre for Academic Child Health, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Lucy Fairclough
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Anthony Avery
- Division of Primary Care, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Nicky J Welton
- School of Social & Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Behavioural Science and Evaluation, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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Mrityunjaya M, Pavithra V, Neelam R, Janhavi P, Halami PM, Ravindra PV. Immune-Boosting, Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Food Supplements Targeting Pathogenesis of COVID-19. Front Immunol 2020; 11:570122. [PMID: 33117359 PMCID: PMC7575721 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.570122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 is an acute and contagious disease characterized by pneumonia and ARDS. The disease is caused by SARS-CoV-2, which belongs to the family of Coronaviridae along with MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-1. The virus has the positive-sense RNA as its genome encoding for ~26 proteins that work together for the virus survival, replication, and spread in the host. The virus gets transmitted through the contact of aerosol droplets from infected persons. The pathogenesis of COVID-19 is highly complex and involves suppression of host antiviral and innate immune response, induction of oxidative stress followed by hyper inflammation described as the "cytokine storm," causing the acute lung injury, tissue fibrosis, and pneumonia. Currently, several vaccines and drugs are being evaluated for their efficacy, safety, and for determination of doses for COVID-19 and this requires considerable time for their validation. Therefore, exploring the repurposing of natural compounds may provide alternatives against COVID-19. Several nutraceuticals have a proven ability of immune-boosting, antiviral, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory effects. These include Zn, vitamin D, vitamin C, curcumin, cinnamaldehyde, probiotics, selenium, lactoferrin, quercetin, etc. Grouping some of these phytonutrients in the right combination in the form of a food supplement may help to boost the immune system, prevent virus spread, preclude the disease progression to severe stage, and further suppress the hyper inflammation providing both prophylactic and therapeutic support against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Mrityunjaya
- Department of Biochemistry, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, India
| | - V. Pavithra
- Department of Biochemistry, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, India
| | - R. Neelam
- Department of Biochemistry, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, India
| | - P. Janhavi
- Department of Biochemistry, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, India
| | - P. M. Halami
- Department of Microbiology and Fermentation Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, India
| | - P. V. Ravindra
- Department of Biochemistry, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, India
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Antunes AEC, Vinderola G, Xavier-Santos D, Sivieri K. Potential contribution of beneficial microbes to face the COVID-19 pandemic. Food Res Int 2020. [PMID: 32846611 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.10957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The year 2020 will be remembered by a never before seen, at least by our generation, global pandemic of COVID-19. While a desperate search for effective vaccines or drug therapies is on the run, nutritional strategies to promote immunity against SARS-CoV-2, are being discussed. Certain fermented foods and probiotics may deliver viable microbes with the potential to promote gut immunity. Prebiotics, on their side, may enhance gut immunity by selectively stimulating certain resident microbes in the gut. Different levels of evidence support the use of fermented foods, probiotics and prebiotics to promote gut and lungs immunity. Without being a promise of efficacy against COVID-19, incorporating them into the diet may help to low down gut inflammation and to enhance mucosal immunity, to possibly better face the infection by contributing to diminishing the severity or the duration of infection episodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriane E C Antunes
- School of Applied Sciences (FCA), State University of Campinas, 1300 Pedro Zaccaria St, Zip Code 13484-350 Limeira, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Vinderola
- Instituto de Lactología Industrial (INLAIN, UNL-CONICET), Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santiago del Estero 2829, Santa Fe 3000, Argentina
| | - Douglas Xavier-Santos
- School of Applied Sciences (FCA), State University of Campinas, 1300 Pedro Zaccaria St, Zip Code 13484-350 Limeira, SP, Brazil
| | - Katia Sivieri
- Department of Food and Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rodovia Araraquara Jaú km 1, Zip Code 14800-903 Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
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Antunes AEC, Vinderola G, Xavier-Santos D, Sivieri K. Potential contribution of beneficial microbes to face the COVID-19 pandemic. Food Res Int 2020; 136:109577. [PMID: 32846611 PMCID: PMC7378002 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The year 2020 will be remembered by a never before seen, at least by our generation, global pandemic of COVID-19. While a desperate search for effective vaccines or drug therapies is on the run, nutritional strategies to promote immunity against SARS-CoV-2, are being discussed. Certain fermented foods and probiotics may deliver viable microbes with the potential to promote gut immunity. Prebiotics, on their side, may enhance gut immunity by selectively stimulating certain resident microbes in the gut. Different levels of evidence support the use of fermented foods, probiotics and prebiotics to promote gut and lungs immunity. Without being a promise of efficacy against COVID-19, incorporating them into the diet may help to low down gut inflammation and to enhance mucosal immunity, to possibly better face the infection by contributing to diminishing the severity or the duration of infection episodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriane E C Antunes
- School of Applied Sciences (FCA), State University of Campinas, 1300 Pedro Zaccaria St, Zip Code 13484-350 Limeira, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Vinderola
- Instituto de Lactología Industrial (INLAIN, UNL-CONICET), Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santiago del Estero 2829, Santa Fe 3000, Argentina
| | - Douglas Xavier-Santos
- School of Applied Sciences (FCA), State University of Campinas, 1300 Pedro Zaccaria St, Zip Code 13484-350 Limeira, SP, Brazil
| | - Katia Sivieri
- Department of Food and Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rodovia Araraquara Jaú km 1, Zip Code 14800-903 Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
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Baud D, Dimopoulou Agri V, Gibson GR, Reid G, Giannoni E. Using Probiotics to Flatten the Curve of Coronavirus Disease COVID-2019 Pandemic. Front Public Health 2020; 8:186. [PMID: 32574290 PMCID: PMC7227397 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- David Baud
- Materno-Fetal and Obstetrics Research Unit, Department Woman-Mother-Child, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Varvara Dimopoulou Agri
- Clinic of Neonatology, Department Woman-Mother-Child, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Glenn R. Gibson
- Food and Nutritional Sciences, St Joseph's Hospital, The University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Gregor Reid
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada,Canadian R&D Centre for Human Microbiome and Probiotics, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
| | - Eric Giannoni
- Clinic of Neonatology, Department Woman-Mother-Child, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland,*Correspondence: Eric Giannoni
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Mojgani N, Shahali Y, Dadar M. Immune modulatory capacity of probiotic lactic acid bacteria and applications in vaccine development. Benef Microbes 2020; 11:213-226. [PMID: 32216470 DOI: 10.3920/bm2019.0121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Vaccination is one of the most important prevention tools providing protection against infectious diseases especially in children below the age of five. According to estimates, more than 5 million lives are saved annually by the implementation of six standard vaccines, including diphtheria, hepatitis B, Haemophilus influenza type b, polio, tetanus and yellow fever. Despite these efforts, we are faced with challenges in developing countries where increasing population and increasing disease burden and difficulties in vaccine coverage and delivery cause significant morbidity and mortality. Additionally, the high cost of these vaccines is also one of the causes for inappropriate and inadequate vaccinations in these regions. Thus, developing cost-effective vaccine strategies that could provide a stronger immune response with reduced vaccination schedules and maximum coverage is of critical importance. In last decade, different approaches have been investigated; among which live bacterial vaccines have been the focus of attention. In this regard, probiotic lactic acid bacteria have been extensively studied as safe and effective vaccine candidates. These microorganisms represent the largest group of probiotic bacteria in the intestine and are generally recognised as safe (GRAS) bacteria. They have also attracted attention due to their immunomodulatory actions and their effective role as novel vaccine adjuvants. A significant property of these bacteria is their ability to mimic natural infections, while intrinsically possessing mucosal adjuvant properties. Additionally, as live bacterial vaccines are administered orally or nasally, they have higher acceptance and better safety, but also avoid the risk of contamination due to needles and syringes. In this review, we emphasise the role of probiotic Lactobacillus strains as putative oral vaccine carriers and novel vaccine adjuvants.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Mojgani
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute (RVSRI), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), P.O. Box 31975/148, Karaj, Iran
| | - Y Shahali
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute (RVSRI), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), P.O. Box 31975/148, Karaj, Iran
| | - M Dadar
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute (RVSRI), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), P.O. Box 31975/148, Karaj, Iran
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40
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Bifidobacterium sp as Probiotic Agent - Roles and Applications. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.13.3.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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41
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Abstract
Discoveries made in the past 5 years indicate that the composition of the intestinal microbiota has a major influence on the effectiveness of anticancer immunosurveillance and thereby contributes to the therapeutic activity of immune-checkpoint inhibitors that target cytotoxic T lymphocyte protein 4 (CTLA-4) or the programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)-programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) axis, as well as the activity of immunogenic chemotherapies. Herein, we highlight some of the bacteria, such as Akkermansia muciniphila, Bacteroides fragilis, Bifidobacterium spp. and Faecalibacterium spp., that have been associated with favourable anticancer immune responses in both preclinical tumour models and patients with cancer. Importantly, these bacteria also seem to have a positive influence on general health, thus reducing the incidence of metabolic disorders and a wide range of chronic inflammatory pathologies. We surmise that a diverse and propitious microbial ecosystem favours organismal homeostasis, particularly at the level of the cancer-immune dialogue.
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42
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Wong CB, Odamaki T, Xiao JZ. Beneficial effects of Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum BB536 on human health: Modulation of gut microbiome as the principal action. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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43
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Kinoshita T, Maruyama K, Suyama K, Nishijima M, Akamatsu K, Jogamoto A, Katakami K, Saito I. The effects of OLL1073R-1 yogurt intake on influenza incidence and immunological markers among women healthcare workers: a randomized controlled trial. Food Funct 2019; 10:8129-8136. [DOI: 10.1039/c9fo02128k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
This randomized controlled trial did not show the effects of OLL1073R-1 yogurt intake on influenza prevention and NK cell activity enhancement. However, a significant increase in IFN-γ production was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsu Kinoshita
- Department of Community Health System Nursing
- Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine
- Toon
- Japan
- Institute of Community Life Sciences Co
| | - Koutatsu Maruyama
- Special Course of Food and Health Science
- Department of Bioscience Graduate School of Agriculture
- Ehime University
- Matsuyama
- Japan
| | - Keiko Suyama
- Department of Community Health System Nursing
- Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine
- Toon
- Japan
| | - Mariko Nishijima
- Department of Community Health System Nursing
- Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine
- Toon
- Japan
| | - Kimiko Akamatsu
- Department of Fundamental and Clinical Nursing
- Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine
- Toon
- Japan
| | - Akiko Jogamoto
- Department of Fundamental and Clinical Nursing
- Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine
- Toon
- Japan
| | - Kikumi Katakami
- Department of Fundamental and Clinical Nursing
- Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine
- Toon
- Japan
| | - Isao Saito
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology
- Faculty of Medicine
- Oita University
- Yufu
- Japan
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Murata M, Kondo J, Iwabuchi N, Takahashi S, Yamauchi K, Abe F, Miura K. Effects of paraprobiotic Lactobacillus paracasei MCC1849 supplementation on symptoms of the common cold and mood states in healthy adults. Benef Microbes 2018; 9:855-864. [PMID: 30099891 DOI: 10.3920/bm2017.0197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of paraprobiotic Lactobacillus paracasei MCC1849 (LAC-Shield™) on symptoms of the common cold and mood states in healthy young adults. A total of 241 participants were randomised to receive 1×1010 heat-killed L. paracasei MCC1849 cell powder (10LP), 3×1010 heat-killed L. paracasei MCC1849 cell powder (30LP), or placebo powder without any L. paracasei cells once daily for 12 weeks based on the incidence of the common cold in the previous year, so that the risk of the incidence was equal among the groups. The incidence and severity of common cold symptoms were rated daily in a subject diary. Salivary secretory immunoglobulin A concentrations and saliva flow rates were analysed at 0 and 6 weeks. The Profile of Mood States (POMS) was assessed using POMS 2 0, 6, and 12 weeks after the intervention. No significant differences were observed in the incidence of the common cold among the groups. In a prespecified subgroup of subjects who had the common cold in the previous year, the incidence, total number of days of symptoms, and symptom scores of the common cold significantly improved in the 10LP-intake group, and were slightly lower in the 30LP-intake group than in the placebo group. The level of deterioration in the positive mood state caused by stress was less in the MCC1849-intake group than in the placebo group. These results indicate that L. paracasei MCC1849 has the potential to improve resistance to common cold infections in susceptible subjects and maintain a desirable mood state, even under mental stress conditions. Further randomised controlled trials are needed in order to investigate the possible beneficial effects of paraprobiotic L. paracasei MCC1849 on the common cold in susceptible populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Murata
- 1 Food Ingredients & Technology Institute, R&D Division, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., 5-1-83, Higashihara, 252-8583 Zama-city, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - J Kondo
- 2 Department of Food and Nutrition, Higashi Chikushi Junior College, 5-1-1, Shimoitouzu, Kokurakita-ku, 803-8511 Kitakyushu-city, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - N Iwabuchi
- 1 Food Ingredients & Technology Institute, R&D Division, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., 5-1-83, Higashihara, 252-8583 Zama-city, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - S Takahashi
- 1 Food Ingredients & Technology Institute, R&D Division, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., 5-1-83, Higashihara, 252-8583 Zama-city, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - K Yamauchi
- 1 Food Ingredients & Technology Institute, R&D Division, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., 5-1-83, Higashihara, 252-8583 Zama-city, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - F Abe
- 1 Food Ingredients & Technology Institute, R&D Division, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., 5-1-83, Higashihara, 252-8583 Zama-city, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - K Miura
- 3 Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Home Economics, Kyushu Women's University, 1-1-1, Jiyugaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, 807-8586 Kitakyushu-city, Fukuoka, Japan
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Yeh TL, Shih PC, Liu SJ, Lin CH, Liu JM, Lei WT, Lin CY. The influence of prebiotic or probiotic supplementation on antibody titers after influenza vaccination: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2018; 12:217-230. [PMID: 29416317 PMCID: PMC5790137 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s155110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Influenza infection is a common disease with a huge disease burden. Influenza vaccination has been widely used, but concerns regarding vaccine efficacy exist, especially in the elderly. Probiotics are live microorganisms with immunomodulatory effects and may enhance the immune responses to influenza vaccination. Methods We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the influence of prebiotics/probiotics/synbiotics supplementation on vaccine responses to influenza vaccination. Studies were systematically identified from electronic databases up to July 2017. Information regarding study population, influenza vaccination, components of supplements, and immune responses were extracted and analyzed. Twelve studies, investigating a total of 688 participants, were included in this review. Results Patients with prebiotics/probiotics supplements were found to have higher influenza hemagglutination inhibition antibody titers after vaccination (for A/H1N1, 42.89 vs 35.76, mean difference =7.14, 95% CI =2.73, 11.55, P=0.002; for A/H3N2, 105.4 vs 88.25, mean difference =17.19, 95% CI =3.39, 30.99, P=0.01; for B strain, 34.87 vs 30.73, mean difference =4.17, 95% CI =0.37, 7.96, P=0.03). Conclusion Supplementation with prebiotics or probiotics may enhance the influenza hemagglutination inhibition antibody titers in all A/H1N1, A/H3N2, and B strains (20%, 19.5%, and 13.6% increases, respectively). Concomitant prebiotics or probiotics supplementation with influenza vaccination may hold great promise for improving vaccine efficacy. However, high heterogeneity was observed and further studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Lin Yeh
- Department of Family Medicine, Hsinchu MacKay Memorial Hospital, Hsinchu
| | - Pei-Ching Shih
- Department of Family Medicine, Hsinchu MacKay Memorial Hospital, Hsinchu
| | - Shu-Jung Liu
- Department of Medical Library, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Tamsui Branch, New Taipei City
| | - Chao-Hsu Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Hsinchu MacKay Memorial Hospital, Hsinchu
| | - Jui-Ming Liu
- Department of Surgery, Taoyuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taoyuan.,Department of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Te Lei
- Department of Pediatrics, Hsinchu MacKay Memorial Hospital, Hsinchu
| | - Chien-Yu Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Hsinchu MacKay Memorial Hospital, Hsinchu
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Arai S, Minami JI, Muto M, Iwabuchi N, Yamauchi K, Xiao JZ, Abe F. Safety evaluation of Bifidobacterium breve MCC1274 via oral toxicity tests in rats. TOXICOLOGY RESEARCH AND APPLICATION 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/2397847318807373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the safety of Bifidobacterium breve MCC1274, a probiotic bifidobacterial strain, was assessed by single-dose and 90-day repeated-dose oral toxicity studies. In the single-dose oral toxicity assay using 6000 mg/kg of B. breve MCC1274 corresponding to 8.4 × 1011 colony-forming unit (CFU)/kg, mortality and adverse effects were not observed. Furthermore, the administration of 1000 mg/kg of B. breve MCC1274 by oral gavage in saline for 90 days did not induce any signs of toxicity, such as changes in clinical signs, body weight (BW), food consumption, ophthalmoscopy, urinalysis, hematology, blood chemistry, organ weight, gross pathology, and histopathology compared to the control group given cornstarch in saline (10/sex/group). The no-observed-adverse-effect-level of B. breve MCC1274 in the 90-day repeated-dose toxicity study was greater than 1000 mg/kg corresponding to 1.3 × 1011 CFU/kg. Based on the findings of this study, the acceptable daily intake of B. breve MCC1274 was calculated to be 1.3 × 109 CFU/kg BW/day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Arai
- Food Ingredients and Technology Institute, R&D Division, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd, Zama-City, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Jun-ichi Minami
- Food Ingredients and Technology Institute, R&D Division, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd, Zama-City, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masamichi Muto
- Food Ingredients and Technology Institute, R&D Division, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd, Zama-City, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Iwabuchi
- Food Ingredients and Technology Institute, R&D Division, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd, Zama-City, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Koji Yamauchi
- Food Ingredients and Technology Institute, R&D Division, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd, Zama-City, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Jin-zhong Xiao
- Next Generation Science Institute, R&D Division, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd, Zama-City, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Abe
- Food Ingredients and Technology Institute, R&D Division, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd, Zama-City, Kanagawa, Japan
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47
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Zimmermann P, Curtis N. The influence of probiotics on vaccine responses – A systematic review. Vaccine 2018; 36:207-213. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.08.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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48
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Effect of Probiotics and Prebiotics on Immune Response to Influenza Vaccination in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9111175. [PMID: 29077061 PMCID: PMC5707647 DOI: 10.3390/nu9111175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the effects of probiotics and prebiotics on the immune response to influenza vaccination in adults. We conducted a literature search of Pubmed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health (CINAHL), Airiti Library, and PerioPath Index to Taiwan Periodical Literature in Taiwan. Databases were searched from inception to July 2017. We used the Cochrane Review risk of bias assessment tool to assess randomized controlled trial (RCT) quality. A total of 20 RCTs comprising 1979 adults were included in our systematic review. Nine RCTs including 623 participants had sufficient data to be pooled in a meta-analysis. Participants who took probiotics or prebiotics showed significant improvements in the H1N1 strain seroprotection rate (with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.83 and a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 1.19–2.82, p = 0.006, I2 = 0%), the H3N2 strain seroprotection rate (OR = 2.85, 95% CI = 1.59–5.10, p < 0.001, I2 = 0%), and the B strain seroconversion rate (OR = 2.11, 95% CI = 1.38–3.21, p < 0.001, I2 = 0%). This meta-analysis suggested that probiotics and prebiotics are effective in elevating immunogenicity by influencing seroconversion and seroprotection rates in adults inoculated with influenza vaccines.
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Yamashita M, Matsumoto K, Endo T, Ukibe K, Hosoya T, Matsubara Y, Nakagawa H, Sakai F, Miyazaki T. Preventive Effect of Lactobacillus helveticus SBT2171 on Collagen-Induced Arthritis in Mice. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1159. [PMID: 28680422 PMCID: PMC5478730 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently reported that the intraperitoneal inoculation of Lactobacillus helveticus SBT2171 inhibited the development of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA), a murine model of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In the present study, we evaluated the effect of the oral administration of L. helveticus SBT2171 on CIA development and on the regulation of antigen-specific antibody production and inflammatory immune cells, which have been implicated in the development of RA. Both oral administration and intraperitoneal inoculation of L. helveticus SBT2171 reduced joint swelling, body weight loss, and the serum level of bovine type II collagen (CII)-specific antibodies in the CIA mouse model. The intraperitoneal inoculation also decreased the arthritis incidence, joint damage, and serum level of interleukin (IL)-6. In addition, the numbers of total immune cells, total B cells, germinal center B cells, and CD4+ T cells in the draining lymph nodes were decreased following intraperitoneal inoculation of L. helveticus SBT2171. These findings demonstrate the ability of L. helveticus SBT2171 to downregulate the abundance of immune cells and the subsequent production of CII-specific antibodies and IL-6, thereby suppressing the CIA symptoms, indicating its potential for use in the prevention of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Yamashita
- Milk Science Research Institute, Megmilk Snow Brand Co., Ltd.Saitama, Japan
| | - Kurumi Matsumoto
- Milk Science Research Institute, Megmilk Snow Brand Co., Ltd.Saitama, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Endo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido UniversitySapporo, Japan
| | - Ken Ukibe
- Milk Science Research Institute, Megmilk Snow Brand Co., Ltd.Saitama, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Hosoya
- Milk Science Research Institute, Megmilk Snow Brand Co., Ltd.Saitama, Japan
| | - Yumi Matsubara
- Department of Probiotics Immunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido UniversitySapporo, Japan
| | - Hisako Nakagawa
- Department of Probiotics Immunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido UniversitySapporo, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Sakai
- Milk Science Research Institute, Megmilk Snow Brand Co., Ltd.Saitama, Japan
| | - Tadaaki Miyazaki
- Department of Probiotics Immunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido UniversitySapporo, Japan
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Nakase J, Ukawa Y, Takemoto S, Kubo T, Sagesaka YM, Aoki-Yoshida A, Totsuka M. RNA and a cell wall component of Enterococcus faecalis IC-1 are required for phagocytosis and interleukin 12 production by the mouse macrophage cell line J774.1. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2017; 81:1099-1105. [PMID: 28406067 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2017.1295799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Enterococcus faecalis is a resident lactic acid bacterium in the human intestine. Its immunostimulatory action was reported to be enhanced by heat sterilization. To investigate its beneficial actions, we evaluated the ability of 10 E. faecalis strains to induce interleukin-12 (IL-12) production in a mouse macrophage cell line, J774.1 and found that the strain, E. faecalis IC-1, had a potent IL-12-inducing ability. Furthermore, we investigated the underlying mechanism by treating IC-1 cells with RNase or lysozyme. Its activity almost disappeared and an antagonist of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 7 inhibited this activity. Moreover, lysozyme-treated IC-1 bacteria were not phagocytized by J774.1 cells, and did not induce IL-12 production. Based on our results, we propose that macrophages recognize the cell wall components of IC-1, leading to phagocytosis. The IC-1 RNA is then recognized by TLR7, which induces the production of IL-12.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junpei Nakase
- a Central Research Institute, ITO EN, Ltd. , Makinohara , Japan
| | - Yuuichi Ukawa
- a Central Research Institute, ITO EN, Ltd. , Makinohara , Japan
| | - Syoji Takemoto
- b Research & Development Division, Chichiyasu Company , Hatsukaichi , Japan
| | - Takayoshi Kubo
- b Research & Development Division, Chichiyasu Company , Hatsukaichi , Japan
| | - Yuko M Sagesaka
- a Central Research Institute, ITO EN, Ltd. , Makinohara , Japan
| | - Ayako Aoki-Yoshida
- c Department of Applied Biological Chemistry , The University of Tokyo , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Mamoru Totsuka
- c Department of Applied Biological Chemistry , The University of Tokyo , Tokyo , Japan
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