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Hutchens S, Melkote A, Jursa T, Shawlot W, Trasande L, Smith DR, Mukhopadhyay S. Elevated thyroid manganese reduces thyroid iodine to induce hypothyroidism in mice, but not rats, lacking SLC30A10 transporter. Metallomics 2024; 16:mfae029. [PMID: 38866719 PMCID: PMC11216084 DOI: 10.1093/mtomcs/mfae029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Elevated manganese (Mn) accumulates in the brain and induces neurotoxicity. SLC30A10 is an Mn efflux transporter that controls body Mn levels. We previously reported that full-body Slc30a10 knockout mice (1) recapitulate the body Mn retention phenotype of humans with loss-of-function SLC30A10 mutations and (2) unexpectedly develop hypothyroidism induced by Mn accumulation in the thyroid, which reduces intra-thyroid thyroxine. Subsequent analyses of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data identified an association between serum Mn and subclinical thyroid changes. The emergence of thyroid deficits as a feature of Mn toxicity suggests that changes in thyroid function may be an underappreciated, but critical, modulator of Mn-induced disease. To better understand the relationship between thyroid function and Mn toxicity, here we further defined the mechanism of Mn-induced hypothyroidism using mouse and rat models. Slc30a10 knockout mice exhibited a profound deficit in thyroid iodine levels that occurred contemporaneously with increases in thyroid Mn levels and preceded the onset of overt hypothyroidism. Wild-type Mn-exposed mice also exhibited increased thyroid Mn levels, an inverse correlation between thyroid Mn and iodine levels, and subclinical hypothyroidism. In contrast, thyroid iodine levels were unaltered in newly generated Slc30a10 knockout rats despite an increase in thyroid Mn levels, and the knockout rats were euthyroid. Thus, Mn-induced thyroid dysfunction in genetic or Mn exposure-induced mouse models occurs due to a reduction in thyroid iodine subsequent to an increase in thyroid Mn levels. Moreover, rat and mouse thyroids have differential sensitivities to Mn, which may impact the manifestations of Mn-induced disease in these routinely used animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Hutchens
- Division of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Ashvini Melkote
- Division of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Thomas Jursa
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California at Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - William Shawlot
- Mouse Genetic Engineering Facility, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Leonardo Trasande
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Environmental Pediatrics and Departments of Population Health and Environmental Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- New York University Wagner School of Public Service, New York, NY, USA
- New York University College of Global Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Donald R Smith
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California at Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Somshuvra Mukhopadhyay
- Division of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
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2
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McBride DE, Bhattacharya A, Sucharew H, Brunst KJ, Barnas M, Cox C, Altman L, Hilbert TJ, Burkle J, Westneat S, Martin KV, Parsons PJ, Praamsma ML, Palmer CD, Kannan K, Smith DR, Wright R, Amarasiriwardena C, Dietrich KN, Cecil KM, Haynes EN. Child and Adolescent Manganese Biomarkers and Adolescent Postural Balance in Marietta CARES Cohort Participants. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2024; 132:57010. [PMID: 38780454 PMCID: PMC11114102 DOI: 10.1289/ehp13381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Manganese (Mn) plays a significant role in both human health and global industries. Epidemiological studies of exposed populations demonstrate a dose-dependent association between Mn and neuromotor effects ranging from subclinical effects to a clinically defined syndrome. However, little is known about the relationship between early life Mn biomarkers and adolescent postural balance. OBJECTIVES This study investigated the associations between childhood and adolescent Mn biomarkers and adolescent postural balance in participants from the longitudinal Marietta Communities Actively Researching Exposures Study (CARES) cohort. METHODS Participants were recruited into CARES when they were 7-9 y old, and reenrolled at 13-18 years of age. At both time points, participants provided samples of blood, hair, and toenails that were analyzed for blood Mn and lead (Pb), serum cotinine, hair Mn, and toenail Mn. In adolescence, participants completed a postural balance assessment. Greater sway indicates postural instability (harmful effect), whereas lesser sway indicates postural stability (beneficial effect). Multivariable linear regression models were conducted to investigate the associations between childhood and adolescent Mn biomarkers and adolescent postural balance adjusted for age, sex, height-weight ratio, parent/caregiver intelligence quotient, socioeconomic status, blood Pb, and serum cotinine. RESULTS CARES participants who completed the adolescent postural balance assessment (n = 123 ) were 98% White and 54% female and had a mean age of 16 y (range: 13-18 y). In both childhood and adolescence, higher Mn biomarker concentrations were significantly associated with greater adolescent sway measures. Supplemental analyses revealed sex-specific associations; higher childhood Mn biomarker concentrations were significantly associated with greater sway in females compared with males. DISCUSSION This study found childhood and adolescent Mn biomarkers were associated with subclinical neuromotor effects in adolescence. This study demonstrates postural balance as a sensitive measure to assess the association between Mn biomarkers and neuromotor function. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP13381.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle E. McBride
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Amit Bhattacharya
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Heidi Sucharew
- Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Kelly J. Brunst
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Mary Barnas
- Department of Psychology, Marietta College, Marietta, Ohio, USA
| | - Cyndy Cox
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Lorenna Altman
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Timothy J. Hilbert
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Jeff Burkle
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Susan Westneat
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Kaitlin Vollet Martin
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Patrick J. Parsons
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, New York, USA
| | - Meredith L. Praamsma
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, New York, USA
| | - Christopher D. Palmer
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, New York, USA
| | - Kurunthachalam Kannan
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, New York, USA
| | - Donald R. Smith
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Santa Cruz, California, USA
| | - Robert Wright
- Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Chitra Amarasiriwardena
- Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kim N. Dietrich
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Kim M. Cecil
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Erin N. Haynes
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
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Aschner M, Martins AC, Oliveira-Paula GH, Skalny AV, Zaitseva IP, Bowman AB, Kirichuk AA, Santamaria A, Tizabi Y, Tinkov AA. Manganese in autism spectrum disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: The state of the art. Curr Res Toxicol 2024; 6:100170. [PMID: 38737010 PMCID: PMC11088232 DOI: 10.1016/j.crtox.2024.100170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present narrative review was to synthesize existing clinical and epidemiological findings linking manganese (Mn) exposure biomarkers to autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and to discuss key pathophysiological mechanisms of neurodevelopmental disorders that may be affected by this metal. Existing epidemiological data demonstrated both direct and inverse association between Mn body burden and ASD, or lack of any relationship. In contrast, the majority of studies revealed significantly higher Mn levels in subjects with ADHD, as well as direct relationship between Mn body burden with hyperactivity and inattention scores in children, although several studies reported contradictory results. Existing laboratory studies demonstrated that impaired attention and hyperactivity in animals following Mn exposure was associated with dopaminergic dysfunction and neuroinflammation. Despite lack of direct evidence on Mn-induced neurobiological alterations in patients with ASD and ADHD, a plethora of studies demonstrated that neurotoxic effects of Mn overexposure may interfere with key mechanisms of pathogenesis inherent to these neurodevelopmental disorders. Specifically, Mn overload was shown to impair not only dopaminergic neurotransmission, but also affect metabolism of glutamine/glutamate, GABA, serotonin, noradrenaline, thus affecting neuronal signaling. In turn, neurotoxic effects of Mn may be associated with its ability to induce oxidative stress, apoptosis, and neuroinflammation, and/or impair neurogenesis. Nonetheless, additional detailed studies are required to evaluate the association between environmental Mn exposure and/or Mn body burden and neurodevelopmental disorders at a wide range of concentrations to estimate the potential dose-dependent effects, as well as environmental and genetic factors affecting this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Airton C. Martins
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | | | - Anatoly V. Skalny
- Department of Medical Elementology, and Department of Human Ecology and Bioelementology, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow 117198, Russia
- Center of Bioelementology and Human Ecology, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow 119435, Russia
| | - Irina P. Zaitseva
- Laboratory of Ecobiomonitoring and Quality Control, Yaroslavl State University, Yaroslavl 150003, Russia
| | - Aaron B. Bowman
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2051, USA
| | - Anatoly A. Kirichuk
- Department of Medical Elementology, and Department of Human Ecology and Bioelementology, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow 117198, Russia
| | - Abel Santamaria
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
- Laboratorio de Nanotecnología y Nanomedicina, Departamento de Cuidado de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, Mexico City 04960, Mexico
| | - Yousef Tizabi
- Department of Pharmacology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC 20059, USA
| | - Alexey A. Tinkov
- Department of Medical Elementology, and Department of Human Ecology and Bioelementology, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow 117198, Russia
- Center of Bioelementology and Human Ecology, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow 119435, Russia
- Laboratory of Ecobiomonitoring and Quality Control, Yaroslavl State University, Yaroslavl 150003, Russia
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Beaudin SA, Howard S, Santiago N, Strupp BJ, Smith DR. Methylphenidate alleviates cognitive dysfunction caused by early manganese exposure: Role of catecholaminergic receptors. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2024; 131:110949. [PMID: 38266866 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2024.110949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Environmental manganese (Mn) exposure is associated with impaired attention and psychomotor functioning, as well as impulsivity/hyperactivity in children and adolescents. We have shown previously that developmental Mn exposure can cause these same dysfunctions in a rat model. Methylphenidate (MPH) lessens impairments in attention, impulse control, and psychomotor function in children, but it is unknown whether MPH ameliorates these dysfunctions when induced by developmental Mn exposure. Here, we sought to (1) determine whether oral MPH treatment ameliorates the lasting attention and sensorimotor impairments caused by developmental Mn exposure, and (2) elucidate the mechanism(s) of Mn neurotoxicity and MPH effectiveness. Rats were given 50 mg Mn/kg/d orally over PND 1-21 and assessed as adults in a series of attention, impulse control and sensorimotor tasks during oral MPH treatment (0, 0.5, 1.5, or 3.0 mg/kg/d). Subsequently, selective catecholaminergic receptor antagonists were administered to gain insight into the mechanism(s) of action of Mn and MPH. Developmental Mn exposure caused persistent attention and sensorimotor impairments. MPH treatment at 0.5 mg/kg/d completely ameliorated the Mn attentional dysfunction, whereas the sensorimotor deficits were ameliorated by the 3.0 mg/kg/d MPH dose. Notably, the MPH benefit on attention was only apparent after prolonged treatment, while MPH efficacy for the sensorimotor deficits emerged early in treatment. Selectively antagonizing D1, D2, or α2A receptors had no effect on the Mn-induced attentional dysfunction or MPH efficacy in this domain. However, antagonism of D2R attenuated the Mn sensorimotor deficits, whereas the efficacy of MPH to ameliorate those deficits was diminished by D1R antagonism. These findings demonstrate that MPH is effective in alleviating the lasting attentional and sensorimotor dysfunction caused by developmental Mn exposure, and they clarify the mechanisms underlying developmental Mn neurotoxicity and MPH efficacy. Given that the cause of attention and psychomotor deficits in children is often unknown, these findings have implications for the treatment of environmentally induced attentional and psychomotor dysfunction in children more broadly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephane A Beaudin
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Shanna Howard
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas Santiago
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Barbara J Strupp
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, and Department of Psychology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Donald R Smith
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA.
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5
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Guo X, Xu J, Tian Y, Ouyang F, Yu X, Liu J, Yan C, Zhang J. Interaction of prenatal maternal selenium and manganese levels on child neurodevelopmental trajectories-the Shanghai birth cohort study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 915:170095. [PMID: 38224892 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The fetal brain is particularly plastic, and may be concurrently affected by chemical exposure and malnutritional factors. Selenium is essential for the developing brain, and excess manganese exposure may exert neurotoxic effects. However, few epidemiological studies have evaluated the interaction of manganese and selenium assessed in different prenatal stages on postnatal neurodevelopmental trajectories. METHODS This study contained 1024 mother-child pairs in the Shanghai-birth-cohort study from 2013 to 2016 recruited since early/before pregnancy with complete data on manganese and selenium levels in different prenatal stages and infant neurodevelopmental trajectories. Whole blood manganese and selenium in early pregnancy and around birth were measured by inductively-coupled-plasma-mass-spectrometry (ICP-MS), children's cognitive development was evaluated at 6, 12, and 24 months of age using Age & Stage-Questionnaire (ASQ)-3 and Bayley-III. Multiple linear regression was used to investigate the interaction of prenatal selenium and manganese on neurodevelopmental trajectories. RESULTS The prenatal manganese and selenium levels were 1.82 ± 0.98 μg/dL and 13.53 ± 2.70 μg/dL for maternal blood in early pregnancy, and 5.06 ± 1.67 μg/dL and 11.81 ± 3.35 μg/dL for umbilical cord blood, respectively. Higher prenatal Se levels were associated with better neurocognitive performances or the consistently-high-level trajectory (P < 0.05), with more significant associations observed in early pregnancy than around birth. However, such positive relationships became non-significant or even adverse in high (vs. low) manganese status, and the effect differences between low and high manganese were more significant in early pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS Prenatal Selenium was positively associated with child neurodevelopment, but prenatal high manganese may mitigate such favorable effects. The effects were mainly observed in earlier prenatal stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangrong Guo
- The International Peace Maternity & Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Jian Xu
- The International Peace Maternity & Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai 200030, China.
| | - Ying Tian
- MOE-Shanghai Key Lab of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China; Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Fengxiu Ouyang
- MOE-Shanghai Key Lab of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiaodan Yu
- MOE-Shanghai Key Lab of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Junxia Liu
- MOE-Shanghai Key Lab of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Chonghuai Yan
- MOE-Shanghai Key Lab of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- MOE-Shanghai Key Lab of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
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Howard SL, Beaudin SA, Strupp BJ, Smith DR. Maternal choline supplementation lessens the behavioral dysfunction produced by developmental manganese exposure in a rodent model of ADHD. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2024; 102:107337. [PMID: 38423398 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2024.107337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Studies in children have reported associations between elevated manganese (Mn) exposure and ADHD-related symptoms of inattention, impulsivity/hyperactivity, and psychomotor impairment. Maternal choline supplementation (MCS) during pregnancy/lactation may hold promise as a protective strategy because it has been shown to lessen cognitive dysfunction caused by numerous early insults. Our objectives were to determine whether (1) developmental Mn exposure alters behavioral reactivity/emotion regulation, in addition to impairing learning, attention, impulse control, and sensorimotor function, and (2) MCS protects against these Mn-induced impairments. Pregnant Long-Evans rats were given standard diet, or a diet supplemented with additional choline throughout gestation and lactation (GD 3 - PND 21). Male offspring were exposed orally to 0 or 50 mg Mn/kg/day over PND 1-21. In adulthood, animals were tested in a series of learning, attention, impulse control, and sensorimotor tasks. Mn exposure caused lasting dysfunction in attention, reactivity to errors and reward omission, learning, and sensorimotor function, recapitulating the constellation of symptoms seen in ADHD children. MCS lessened Mn-induced attentional dysfunction and partially normalized reactivity to committing an error or not receiving an expected reward but provided no protection against Mn-induced learning or sensorimotor dysfunction. In the absence of Mn exposure, MCS produces lasting offspring benefits in learning, attention, and reactivity to errors. To conclude, developmental Mn exposure produces a constellation of deficits consistent with ADHD symptomology, and MCS offered some protection against the adverse Mn effects, adding to the evidence that maternal choline supplementation is neuroprotective for offspring and improves offspring cognitive functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanna L Howard
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Stephane A Beaudin
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Barbara J Strupp
- Division of Nutritional Sciences and Department of Psychology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Donald R Smith
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA.
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Beaudin SA, Gorman S, Schilpp N, Woodfin D, Strupp BJ, Smith DR. Sensorimotor dysfunction due to developmental manganese exposure is less severe in adult female than male rats and partially improved by acute methylphenidate treatment. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2024; 102:107330. [PMID: 38307398 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2024.107330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have reported associations between elevated manganese (Mn) exposure and poorer psychomotor performance in children. Our studies in adult male rats have established that this relationship is causal and that prolonged methylphenidate (MPH) treatment is efficacious in treating this area of dysfunction. However, it is unclear if sensitivity to these Mn deficits differs between females and males, and whether existing pharmacological therapies are efficacious in improving sensorimotor dysfunction in females. To address these questions, we used our rat model of childhood environmental Mn exposure and the Montoya staircase test to determine whether 1) there are sex differences in the lasting sensorimotor dysfunction caused by developmental Mn exposure, and 2) MPH treatment is efficacious in ameliorating the sensorimotor deficits in females. Female and male neonates were treated orally with Mn (50 mg Mn/kg/d) from postnatal day 1 to 21 and evaluated for skilled forelimb sensorimotor performance as adults. Subsequently, the efficacy of acute oral MPH treatment (doses of 0, 0.5, and 3.0 mg MPH/kg/d) was assessed in females using a within-subject MPH treatment design. Developmental postnatal Mn exposure produced lasting sensorimotor reaching and grasping deficits that were milder in females than in males. Acute MPH treatment of Mn-exposed females with the 0.5 mg/kg/d dose attenuated the reaching dysfunction without alleviating grasping dysfunction. These findings show sex-based variations in sensitivity to the sensorimotor impairment caused by developmental Mn exposure, and they are consistent with prior studies showing less vulnerability of females to Mn-induced dysfunction in other functional domains, possibly due to the protective effects of estrogen. Given our previous work showing the efficacy of MPH treatment to alleviate Mn-induced inattention, impulsiveness, and sensorimotor dysfunctions in adult male rats, they also highlight the need for further research into sex-based differences in cognitive and behavioral areas of brain function, and the efficacy of therapeutics in treating behavioral dysfunction in females. Supported by NIEHS R01ES028369.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephane A Beaudin
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Samantha Gorman
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Naomi Schilpp
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - David Woodfin
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Barbara J Strupp
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, and Department of Psychology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Donald R Smith
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA.
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8
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Warden A, Mayfield RD, Gurol KC, Hutchens S, Liu C, Mukhopadhyay S. Loss of SLC30A10 manganese transporter alters expression of neurotransmission genes and activates hypoxia-inducible factor signaling in mice. Metallomics 2024; 16:mfae007. [PMID: 38285613 PMCID: PMC10883138 DOI: 10.1093/mtomcs/mfae007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
The essential metal manganese (Mn) induces neuromotor disease at elevated levels. The manganese efflux transporter SLC30A10 regulates brain Mn levels. Homozygous loss-of-function mutations in SLC30A10 induce hereditary Mn neurotoxicity in humans. Our prior characterization of Slc30a10 knockout mice recapitulated the high brain Mn levels and neuromotor deficits reported in humans. But, mechanisms of Mn-induced motor deficits due to SLC30A10 mutations or elevated Mn exposure are unclear. To gain insights into this issue, we characterized changes in gene expression in the basal ganglia, the main brain region targeted by Mn, of Slc30a10 knockout mice using unbiased transcriptomics. Compared with littermates, >1000 genes were upregulated or downregulated in the basal ganglia sub-regions (i.e. caudate putamen, globus pallidus, and substantia nigra) of the knockouts. Pathway analyses revealed notable changes in genes regulating synaptic transmission and neurotransmitter function in the knockouts that may contribute to the motor phenotype. Expression changes in the knockouts were essentially normalized by a reduced Mn chow, establishing that changes were Mn dependent. Upstream regulator analyses identified hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) signaling, which we recently characterized to be a primary cellular response to elevated Mn, as a critical mediator of the transcriptomic changes in the basal ganglia of the knockout mice. HIF activation was also evident in the liver of the knockout mice. These results: (i) enhance understanding of the pathobiology of Mn-induced motor disease; (ii) identify specific target genes/pathways for future mechanistic analyses; and (iii) independently corroborate the importance of the HIF pathway in Mn homeostasis and toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Warden
- Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - R Dayne Mayfield
- Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Kerem C Gurol
- Division of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy; and Institute for Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Steven Hutchens
- Division of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy; and Institute for Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Chunyi Liu
- Division of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy; and Institute for Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Somshuvra Mukhopadhyay
- Division of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy; and Institute for Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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He J, Ma X, Zhang J, Yang YP, Qin H, Chen H, Wei S, Li F, Wang J, Liang G, Zou Y. Manganese-induced neurological pyroptosis: Unveiling the mechanism through the ROS activaed Caspase-3/GSDME signaling pathway. Food Chem Toxicol 2024; 184:114322. [PMID: 38056821 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.114322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is an essential micronutrient in maintaining homeostasis in the human body, while excessive Mn exposure can lead to neurological disorders. To investigate whether there is an association between elevated ROS and pyroptosis caused by Mn exposure using both in vitro and in vivo models. We exposed BV2 and N2a, which represent microglial cells and Neuroblastoma cells in the brain, respectively, to different concentrations of Mn for 24 h. Following Mn exposure, we assessed cell morphology, levels of lactate dehydrogenase, and cellular ROS levels. C57BL/6 male mice were exposed to 0-100 mg/kg MnCl2·4H2O for 12 weeks through gavage. The expression level of pyroptosis proteins including caspase3 and GSDME in the hippocampus was examined. We found that Mn exposure resulted in elevated levels of cellular ROS and protein expression of Caspase3 and GSDME in both N2a and BV2 cells. The pyroptosis levels were blunted by either inhibiting Caspase3 expression or ROS production. In the in vivo model, protein levels of Caspase3 and GSDME also increased dependent of Mn concentrations. These findings suggested that neuronal pyroptosis induced by Mn exposure may occur through the ROS-stimulated Caspase3-GSDME pathway. Moreover, utilizing inhibitors targeting Caspase3 or ROS may provide protection against Mn-induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiacheng He
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China; Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Diseases, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environment and Health Research, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Xiaoli Ma
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China; Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Diseases, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environment and Health Research, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China; Emergency Response Office, Nanning Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Yi-Ping Yang
- Department of Research, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Huiyan Qin
- Institute of Hygiene Toxicology and Functional Testing, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, 530000, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Shengtao Wei
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Fangfei Li
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Guiqiang Liang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Yunfeng Zou
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China; Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Diseases, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environment and Health Research, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China.
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10
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Schildroth S, Kordas K, White RF, Friedman A, Placidi D, Smith D, Lucchini RG, Wright RO, Horton M, Claus Henn B. An Industry-Relevant Metal Mixture, Iron Status, and Reported Attention-Related Behaviors in Italian Adolescents. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2024; 132:27008. [PMID: 38363634 PMCID: PMC10871126 DOI: 10.1289/ehp12988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to environmental metals has been consistently associated with attention and behavioral deficits in children, and these associations may be modified by coexposure to other metals or iron (Fe) status. However, few studies have investigated Fe status as a modifier of a metal mixture, particularly with respect to attention-related behaviors. METHODS We used cross-sectional data from the Public Health Impact of Metals Exposure study, which included 707 adolescents (10-14 years of age) from Brescia, Italy. Manganese, chromium, and copper were quantified in hair samples, and lead was quantified in whole blood, using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Concentrations of Fe status markers (ferritin, hemoglobin, transferrin) were measured using immunoassays or luminescence assays. Attention-related behaviors were assessed using the Conners Rating Scales Self-Report Scale-Long Form, Parent Rating Scales Revised-Short Form, and Teacher Rating Scales Revised-Short Form. We employed Bayesian kernel machine regression to examine associations of the metal mixture with these outcomes and evaluate Fe status as a modifier. RESULTS Higher concentrations of the metals and ferritin were jointly associated with worse self-reported attention-related behaviors: metals and ferritin set to their 90th percentiles were associated with 3.0% [β = 0.03 ; 95% credible interval (CrI): - 0.01 , 0.06], 4.1% (β = 0.04 ; 95% CrI: 0.00, 0.08), and 4.1% (β = 0.04 ; 95% CrI: 0.00, 0.08) higher T -scores for self-reported attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) index, inattention, and hyperactivity, respectively, compared with when metals and ferritin were set to their 50th percentiles. These associations were driven by hair manganese, which exhibited nonlinear associations with all self-reported scales. There was no evidence that Fe status modified the neurotoxicity of the metal mixture. The metal mixture was not materially associated with any parent-reported or teacher-reported scale. CONCLUSIONS The overall metal mixture, driven by manganese, was adversely associated with self-reported attention-related behavior. These findings suggest that exposure to multiple environmental metals impacts adolescent neurodevelopment, which has significant public health implications. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP12988.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Schildroth
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Katarzyna Kordas
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Roberta F. White
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alexa Friedman
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Donatella Placidi
- Department of Occupational Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Donald Smith
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, USA
| | - Roberto G. Lucchini
- Department of Occupational Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Robert O. Wright
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Megan Horton
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Birgit Claus Henn
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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11
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Schildroth S, Valeri L, Kordas K, Shi B, Friedman A, Smith D, Placidi D, Wright RO, Lucchini RG, White RF, Horton M, Claus Henn B. Assessing the mediating role of iron status on associations between an industry-relevant metal mixture and verbal learning and memory in Italian adolescents. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 906:167435. [PMID: 37774885 PMCID: PMC10918745 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metals, including lead (Pb), manganese (Mn), chromium (Cr) and copper (Cu), have been associated with neurodevelopment; iron (Fe) plays a role in the metabolism and neurotoxicity of metals, suggesting Fe may mediate metal-neurodevelopment associations. However, no study to date has examined Fe as a mediator of the association between metal mixtures and neurodevelopment. OBJECTIVE We assessed Fe status as a mediator of a mixture of Pb, Mn, Cr and Cu in relation to verbal learning and memory in a cohort of Italian adolescents. METHODS We used cross-sectional data from 383 adolescents (10-14 years) in the Public Health Impact of Metals Exposure Study. Metals were quantified in blood (Pb) or hair (Mn, Cr, Cu) using ICP-MS, and three markers of Fe status (blood hemoglobin, serum ferritin and transferrin) were quantified using luminescence assays or immunoassays. Verbal learning and memory were assessed using the California Verbal Learning Test for Children (CVLT-C). We used Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression Causal Mediation Analysis to estimate four mediation effects: the natural direct effect (NDE), natural indirect effect (NIE), controlled direct effect (CDE) and total effect (TE). Beta (β) coefficients and 95 % credible intervals (CIs) were estimated for all effects. RESULTS The metal mixture was jointly associated with a greater number of words recalled on the CVLT-C, but these associations were not mediated by Fe status. For example, when ferritin was considered as the mediator, the NIE for long delay free recall was null (β = 0.00; 95 % CI = -0.22, 0.23). Conversely, the NDE (β = 0.23; 95 % CI = 0.01, 0.44) indicated a beneficial association of the mixture with recall that operated independently of Fe status. CONCLUSION An industry-relevant metal mixture was associated with learning and memory, but there was no evidence of mediation by Fe status. Further studies in populations with Fe deficiency and greater variation in metal exposure are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Schildroth
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Linda Valeri
- Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Katarzyna Kordas
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Baoyi Shi
- Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexa Friedman
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Donald Smith
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Donatella Placidi
- Department of Occupational Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Robert O Wright
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Roberto G Lucchini
- Department of Occupational Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Roberta F White
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Megan Horton
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Birgit Claus Henn
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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12
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Friedman A, Boselli E, Ogneva-Himmelberger Y, Heiger-Bernays W, Brochu P, Burgess M, Schildroth S, Denehy A, Downs T, Papautsky I, Clauss Henn B. Manganese in residential drinking water from a community-initiated case study in Massachusetts. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2024; 34:58-67. [PMID: 37301899 PMCID: PMC10727146 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-023-00563-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Manganese (Mn) is a metal commonly found in drinking water, but the level that is safe for consumption is unknown. In the United States (U.S.), Mn is not regulated in drinking water and data on water Mn concentrations are temporally and spatially sparse. OBJECTIVE Examine temporal and spatial variability of Mn concentrations in repeated tap water samples in a case study of Holliston, Massachusetts (MA), U.S., where drinking water is pumped from shallow aquifers that are vulnerable to Mn contamination. METHODS We collected 79 residential tap water samples from 21 households between September 2018 and December 2019. Mn concentrations were measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. We calculated descriptive statistics and percent of samples exceeding aesthetic (secondary maximum containment level; SMCL) and lifetime health advisory (LHA) guidelines of 50 µg/L and 300 µg/L, respectively. We compared these concentrations to concurrent and historic water Mn concentrations from publicly available data across MA. RESULTS The median Mn concentration in Holliston residential tap water was 2.3 µg/L and levels were highly variable (range: 0.03-5,301.8 µg/L). Mn concentrations exceeded the SMCL and LHA in 14% and 12% of samples, respectively. Based on publicly available data across MA from 1994-2022, median Mn concentration was 17.0 µg/L (N = 37,210; range: 1-159,000 µg/L). On average 40% of samples each year exceeded the SMCL and 9% exceeded the LHA. Samples from publicly available data were not evenly distributed between MA towns or across sampling years. IMPACT STATEMENT This study is one of the first to examine Mn concentrations in drinking water both spatially and temporally in the U.S. Findings suggest that concentrations of Mn in drinking water frequently exceed current guidelines and occur at concentrations shown to be associated with adverse health outcomes, especially for vulnerable and susceptible subpopulations like children. Future studies that comprehensively examine exposure to Mn in drinking water and its associations with children's health are needed to protect public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexa Friedman
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Elena Boselli
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yelena Ogneva-Himmelberger
- Department of International Development, Community, and Environment, Clark University, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Wendy Heiger-Bernays
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paige Brochu
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mayah Burgess
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Samantha Schildroth
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Timothy Downs
- Department of International Development, Community, and Environment, Clark University, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Ian Papautsky
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Birgit Clauss Henn
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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13
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Schildroth S, Bauer JA, Friedman A, Austin C, Coull BA, Placidi D, White RF, Smith D, Wright RO, Lucchini RG, Arora M, Horton M, Claus Henn B. Early life manganese exposure and reported attention-related behaviors in Italian adolescents. Environ Epidemiol 2023; 7:e274. [PMID: 38912396 PMCID: PMC11189689 DOI: 10.1097/ee9.0000000000000274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Manganese (Mn) is an essential nutrient and neurotoxicant, and the neurodevelopmental effects of Mn may depend on exposure timing. Less research has quantitatively compared the impact of Mn exposure on neurodevelopment across exposure periods. Methods We used data from 125 Italian adolescents (10-14 years) from the Public Health Impact of Metals Exposure Study to estimate prospective associations of Mn in three early life exposure periods with adolescent attention-related behaviors. Mn was quantified in deciduous teeth using laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry to represent prenatal (2nd trimester-birth), postnatal (birth ~1.5 years), and childhood (~1.5-6 years) exposure. Attention-related behavior was evaluated using the Conners Behavior Rating Scales in adolescence. We used multivariable linear regression models to quantify associations between Mn in each exposure period, and multiple informant models to compare associations across exposure periods. Results Median tooth Mn levels (normalized to calcium) were 0.4 area under the curve (AUC) 55Mn:43Ca × 104, 0.1 AUC 55Mn:43Ca × 104, and 0.0006 55Mn:43Ca for the prenatal, postnatal, and childhood periods. A doubling in prenatal tooth Mn levels was associated with 5.3% (95% confidence intervals [CI] = -10.3%, 0.0%) lower (i.e., better) teacher-reported inattention scores, whereas a doubling in postnatal tooth Mn levels was associated with 4.5% (95% CI = -9.3%, 0.6%) and 4.6% (95% CI = -9.5%, 0.6%) lower parent-reported inattention and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder index scores, respectively. Childhood Mn was not beneficially associated with reported attention-related behaviors. Conclusion Protective associations in the prenatal and postnatal periods suggest Mn is beneficial for attention-related behavior, but not in the childhood period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Schildroth
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Julia Anglen Bauer
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Alexa Friedman
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Christine Austin
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York
| | - Brent A. Coull
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Donatella Placidi
- Department of Occupational Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Roberta F. White
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Neurology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Donald Smith
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California
| | - Robert O. Wright
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York
| | - Roberto G. Lucchini
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, Florida
| | - Manish Arora
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York
| | - Megan Horton
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York
| | - Birgit Claus Henn
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
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14
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Friedman A, Schildroth S, Bauer JA, Coull BA, Smith DR, Placidi D, Cagna G, Krengel MH, Tripodis Y, White RF, Lucchini RG, Wright RO, Horton M, Austin C, Arora M, Claus Henn B. Early-life manganese exposure during multiple developmental periods and adolescent verbal learning and memory. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2023; 100:107307. [PMID: 37832858 PMCID: PMC10834060 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2023.107307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Manganese (Mn) is both an essential and toxic metal, and associations with neurodevelopment depend on exposure timing. Prospective data examining early life Mn with adolescent cognition are sparse. METHODS We enrolled 140 Italian adolescents (10-14 years old) from the Public Health Impact of Metals Exposure study. Mn in deciduous teeth was measured using laser ablation-mass spectrometry to represent prenatal, postnatal and early childhood exposure. The California Verbal Learning Test for Children (CVLT-C) was administered to assess adolescent verbal learning and memory. Multivariable regression models estimated changes in CVLT-C scores and the odds of making an error per doubling in dentine Mn in each exposure period. Multiple informant models tested for differences in associations across exposure periods. RESULTS A doubling in prenatal dentine Mn levels was associated with lower odds of making an intrusion error (OR = 0.23 [95% CI: 0.09, 0.61]). This beneficial association was not observed in other exposure periods. A doubling in childhood Mn was beneficially associated with short delay free recall: (ß = 0.47 [95% CI: -0.02, 0.97]), which was stronger in males (ß = 0.94 [95% CI: 0.05, 1.82]). Associations were null in the postnatal period. CONCLUSION Exposure timing is critical for understanding Mn-associated changes in cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexa Friedman
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, USA.
| | - Samantha Schildroth
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | - Julia A Bauer
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Darmouth, USA
| | - Brent A Coull
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | - Donald R Smith
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, USA
| | - Donatella Placidi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giuseppa Cagna
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Maxine H Krengel
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, USA
| | - Yorghos Tripodis
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | - Roberta F White
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, USA; Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, USA
| | - Roberto G Lucchini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Florida International University, Miami, USA
| | - Robert O Wright
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Megan Horton
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Christine Austin
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Manish Arora
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Birgit Claus Henn
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, USA
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15
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Jin X, Fu J, Yu P, Luo D. Characterization and properties of manganese oxide film coated clinoptilolite as filter material in fixed-bed columns for removal of Mn(II) from aqueous solution. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17440. [PMID: 37838822 PMCID: PMC10576753 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44611-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023] Open
Abstract
A new filter material, manganese oxide film coated clinoptilolite (MOFCC), was characterized and introduced to explore the effect in treating high concentration of manganese (1.71-2.12 mg L-1) from aqueous solution in fixed-bed column. Adsorption behavior of Mn(II) can be approximately described with the Langmuir isotherm. During the continuous 30 days filtration experiment, the removal rate of Mn(II) has maintained to be above 95.51%, the accumulated removal amount (806.42 mg) is much higher than the theoretical adsorption capacity (89.71 mg), which indicated that the removal of manganese by MOFCC includes both adsorption and auto-catalytic oxidation process, and it does not require a start-up period. SEM, EDS, XPS, XRD, ZETA potential and BET analyses were used to observe the surface properties of MOFCC. The manganese oxide film of MOFCC exhibits in clusters, apparently on occupied surface, the main component of the manganese oxide film is (Na0.7Ca0.3)Mn7O14·2.8H2O, the specific surface area of MOFCC is 38.76 m2 g-1, and the pore size is concentrated in the range of 3-40 nm, within the mesoporous range mesopores. pHpzc (point of zero charge) value is about 2.36. The characteristics of MOFCC make it an excellent manganese removal filter material for water treatment plant. Therefore, there is a long-term practical significance to develop new system for deep removal of manganese based on MOFCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Jin
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shenyang Jianzhu University, Shenyang, 110000, China
| | - Jinxiang Fu
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shenyang Jianzhu University, Shenyang, 110000, China
| | - Pengfei Yu
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shenyang Jianzhu University, Shenyang, 110000, China.
| | - Di Luo
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shenyang Jianzhu University, Shenyang, 110000, China
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16
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Baj J, Flieger W, Barbachowska A, Kowalska B, Flieger M, Forma A, Teresiński G, Portincasa P, Buszewicz G, Radzikowska-Büchner E, Flieger J. Consequences of Disturbing Manganese Homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14959. [PMID: 37834407 PMCID: PMC10573482 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is an essential trace element with unique functions in the body; it acts as a cofactor for many enzymes involved in energy metabolism, the endogenous antioxidant enzyme systems, neurotransmitter production, and the regulation of reproductive hormones. However, overexposure to Mn is toxic, particularly to the central nervous system (CNS) due to it causing the progressive destruction of nerve cells. Exposure to manganese is widespread and occurs by inhalation, ingestion, or dermal contact. Associations have been observed between Mn accumulation and neurodegenerative diseases such as manganism, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. People with genetic diseases associated with a mutation in the gene associated with impaired Mn excretion, kidney disease, iron deficiency, or a vegetarian diet are at particular risk of excessive exposure to Mn. This review has collected data on the current knowledge of the source of Mn exposure, the experimental data supporting the dispersive accumulation of Mn in the brain, the controversies surrounding the reference values of biomarkers related to Mn status in different matrices, and the competitiveness of Mn with other metals, such as iron (Fe), magnesium (Mg), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), calcium (Ca). The disturbed homeostasis of Mn in the body has been connected with susceptibility to neurodegenerative diseases, fertility, and infectious diseases. The current evidence on the involvement of Mn in metabolic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus/insulin resistance, osteoporosis, obesity, atherosclerosis, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, was collected and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Baj
- Chair and Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (W.F.); (A.F.)
| | - Wojciech Flieger
- Chair and Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (W.F.); (A.F.)
| | - Aleksandra Barbachowska
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Burn Surgery, Medical University of Lublin, 21-010 Łęczna, Poland;
| | - Beata Kowalska
- Department of Water Supply and Wastewater Disposal, Lublin University of Technology, 20-618 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Michał Flieger
- Chair and Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (M.F.); (G.T.); (G.B.)
| | - Alicja Forma
- Chair and Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (W.F.); (A.F.)
| | - Grzegorz Teresiński
- Chair and Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (M.F.); (G.T.); (G.B.)
| | - Piero Portincasa
- Clinica Medica A. Murri, Department of Biomedical Sciences & Human Oncology, Medical School, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Grzegorz Buszewicz
- Chair and Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (M.F.); (G.T.); (G.B.)
| | | | - Jolanta Flieger
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
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17
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Beaudin SA, Howard S, Santiago N, Strupp BJ, Smith DR. Methylphenidate alleviates cognitive dysfunction from early Mn exposure: Role of catecholaminergic receptors. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.27.546786. [PMID: 37873333 PMCID: PMC10592804 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.27.546786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Environmental manganese (Mn) exposure is associated with impaired attention and psychomotor functioning, as well as impulsivity/hyperactivity in children and adolescents. We have shown previously that developmental Mn exposure can cause these same dysfunctions in a rat model. Methylphenidate (MPH) lessens impairments in attention, impulse control, and sensorimotor function in children, but it is unknown whether MPH ameliorates these dysfunctions when induced by developmental Mn exposure. Here, we sought to (1) determine whether oral MPH treatment ameliorates the lasting attention and sensorimotor impairments caused by developmental Mn exposure, and (2) elucidate the mechanism(s) of Mn neurotoxicity and MPH effectiveness. Rats were given 50 mg Mn/kg/d orally over PND 1-21 and assessed as adults in a series of attention, impulse control and sensorimotor tasks during oral MPH treatment (0, 0.5, 1.5, or 3.0 mg/kg/d). Subsequently, selective catecholaminergic receptor antagonists were administered to gain insight into the mechanism(s) of action of Mn and MPH. Developmental Mn exposure caused persistent attention and sensorimotor impairments. MPH treatment at 0.5 mg/kg/d completely ameliorated the Mn attentional dysfunction, whereas the sensorimotor deficits were ameliorated by the 3.0 mg/kg/d MPH dose. Notably, the MPH benefit on attention was only apparent after prolonged treatment, while MPH efficacy for the sensorimotor deficits emerged early in treatment. Selectively antagonizing D1, D2, or α2A receptors had no effect on the Mn-induced attentional dysfunction or MPH efficacy in this domain. However, antagonism of D2R attenuated the Mn sensorimotor deficits, whereas the efficacy of MPH to ameliorate those deficits was diminished by D1R antagonism. These findings demonstrate that MPH is effective in alleviating the lasting attention and sensorimotor dysfunction caused by developmental Mn exposure, and they clarify the mechanisms underlying developmental Mn neurotoxicity and MPH efficacy. Given that the cause of attention and psychomotor deficits in children is often unknown, these findings have implications for the treatment of environmentally-induced attentional and psychomotor dysfunction in children more broadly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephane A Beaudin
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, USA
| | - Shanna Howard
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, USA
| | - Nicholas Santiago
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, USA
| | - Barbara J Strupp
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, and Department of Psychology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Donald R Smith
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, USA
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18
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Howard SL, Beaudin SA, Strupp BJ, Smith DR. Maternal choline supplementation lessens the behavioral dysfunction produced by developmental manganese exposure in a rodent model of ADHD. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.23.546356. [PMID: 37425833 PMCID: PMC10327095 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.23.546356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Studies in children have reported associations between elevated manganese (Mn) exposure and ADHD-related symptoms of inattention, impulsivity/hyperactivity, and psychomotor impairment. Maternal choline supplementation (MCS) during pregnancy/lactation may hold promise as a protective strategy because it has been shown to lessen cognitive dysfunction caused by numerous early insults. Our objectives were to determine whether (1) developmental Mn exposure alters behavioral reactivity/emotion regulation, in addition to impairing learning, attention, impulse control, and sensorimotor function, and (2) MCS protects against these Mn-induced impairments. Pregnant Long-Evans rats were given standard diet, or a diet supplemented with additional choline throughout gestation and lactation (G3 - PND 21). Male offspring were exposed orally to 0 or 50 mg Mn/kg/day over PND 1-21. In adulthood, animals were tested in a series of learning, attention, impulse control, and sensorimotor tasks. Mn exposure caused lasting dysfunction in attention, reactivity to errors and reward omission, learning, and sensorimotor function, recapitulating the constellation of symptoms seen in ADHD children. MCS lessened Mn-induced attentional dysfunction and partially normalized reactivity to committing an error or not receiving an expected reward but provided no protection against Mn-induced learning or sensorimotor dysfunction. In the absence of Mn exposure, MCS produces lasting offspring benefits in learning, attention, and reactivity to errors. To conclude, developmental Mn exposure produces a constellation of deficits consistent with ADHD symptomology, and MCS offered some protection against the adverse Mn effects, adding to the evidence that maternal choline supplementation is neuroprotective for offspring and improves offspring cognitive functioning. Highlights Developmental Mn exposure causes lasting dysfunction consistent with ADHD symptomology.Maternal choline supplementation (MCS) protects against Mn-induced deficits in attention and behavioral reactivity.MCS in control animals produces lasting benefits to offspring in learning, attention, and error reactivity.These data support efforts to increase choline intake during pregnancy, particularly for individuals at risk of neurotoxicant exposure.
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19
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Hutchens S, Jursa TP, Melkote A, Grant SM, Smith DR, Mukhopadhyay S. Hepatic and intestinal manganese excretion are both required to regulate brain manganese during elevated manganese exposure. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2023; 325:G251-G264. [PMID: 37461848 PMCID: PMC10511180 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00047.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is essential but neurotoxic at elevated levels. Under physiological conditions, Mn is primarily excreted by the liver, with the intestines playing a secondary role. Recent analyses of tissue-specific Slc30a10 or Slc39a14 knockout mice (SLC30A10 and SLC39A14 are Mn transporters) revealed that, under physiological conditions: 1) excretion of Mn by the liver and intestines is a major pathway that regulates brain Mn; and surprisingly, 2) the intestines compensate for loss of hepatic Mn excretion in controlling brain Mn. The unexpected importance of the intestines in controlling physiological brain Mn led us to determine the role of hepatic and intestinal Mn excretion in regulating brain Mn during elevated Mn exposure. We used liver- or intestine-specific Slc30a10 knockout mice as models to inhibit hepatic or intestinal Mn excretion. Compared with littermates, both knockout strains exhibited similar increases in brain Mn after elevated Mn exposure in early or later life. Thus, unlike physiological conditions, both hepatic and intestinal Mn excretion are required to control brain Mn during elevated Mn exposure. However, brain Mn levels of littermates and both knockout strains exposed to elevated Mn only in early life were normalized in later life. Thus, hepatic and intestinal Mn excretion play compensatory roles in clearing brain Mn accumulated by early life Mn exposure. Finally, neuromotor assays provided evidence consistent with a role for hepatic and intestinal Mn excretion in functionally modulating Mn neurotoxicity during Mn exposure. Put together, these findings substantially enhance understanding of the regulation of brain Mn by excretion.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This article shows that, in contrast with expectations from prior studies and physiological conditions, excretion of manganese by the intestines and liver is equally important in controlling brain manganese during human-relevant manganese exposure. The results provide foundational insights about the interorgan mechanisms that control brain manganese homeostasis at the organism level and have important implications for the development of therapeutics to treat manganese-induced neurological disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Hutchens
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, and Institute for Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States
| | - Thomas P Jursa
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California at Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States
| | - Ashvini Melkote
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, and Institute for Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States
| | - Stephanie M Grant
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, and Institute for Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States
| | - Donald R Smith
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California at Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States
| | - Somshuvra Mukhopadhyay
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, and Institute for Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States
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20
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Aiken M, Ying SC. Small Community Water Systems Have the Highest Prevalence of Mn in Drinking Water in California, USA. ACS ES&T WATER 2023; 3:2168-2178. [PMID: 37588804 PMCID: PMC10425977 DOI: 10.1021/acsestwater.3c00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is currently regulated as a secondary contaminant in California, USA; however, recent revisions of the World Health Organization drinking water guidelines have increased regulatory attention of Mn in drinking water due to increasing reports of neurotoxic effects in infants and children. In this study, Mn concentrations reported to California's Safe Drinking Water Information System were used to estimate the potentially exposed population within California based on system size. We estimate that between 2011 and 2021, over 525,000 users in areas with reported Mn data are potentially exposed to Mn concentrations exceeding the WHO health-based guideline (80 μg L-1), and over 34,000 users are potentially exposed to Mn concentrations exceeding the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency health-advisory limit (300 μg L-1). Water treatment significantly decreased Mn concentrations compared to intake concentrations for all system sizes. However, smaller water systems have a wider range and a higher skew of Mn concentrations in finished water than larger systems. Additionally, higher Mn concentrations were found in systems above the maximum contaminant levels for chromium and arsenic. The treatment of these primary contaminants appears to also remove Mn. Lastly, data missingness remains a barrier to accurately assess public exposure to Mn in very small, small, and medium community water system-delivered water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda
L. Aiken
- School
of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Schmid College of Science and
Technology, Chapman University, Orange, California 92866, United States
| | - Samantha C. Ying
- Schmid
College of Science and Technology, Chapman
University, Orange, California 92866, United States
- Environmental
Sciences Department, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
- Planetary
Health Center, University of California
Global Health Institute, San Francisco, California, 94158, United States
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21
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Mahmood S, Tanvir EM, Komarova T, Islam MN, Khatun M, Hossain MF, Ng JC, Whitfield KM, Hossain MS, Khalil MI, Shaw PN. Relationships between growth indicators, liver and kidney function markers, and blood concentrations of essential and potentially toxic elements in environmentally exposed young children. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2023; 253:114237. [PMID: 37544043 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2023.114237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Environmental exposure to multiple metals and metalloids is widespread, leading to a global concern relating to the adverse health effects of mixed-metals exposure, especially in young children living around industrial areas. This study aimed to quantify the concentrations of essential and potentially toxic elements in blood and to examine the potential associations between multiple elements exposures, growth determinants, and liver and kidney function biomarkers in children living in several industrial areas in Dhaka, Bangladesh. The blood distribution of 20 trace elements As, Ag, Bi, Br, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, I, Mn, Hg, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, Sb, Tl, V, U, and Zn, growth determinants such as body mass index and body fats, blood pressure, liver and kidney injury biomarkers including serum alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase activities, serum calcium, and creatinine levels, blood urea nitrogen, and hemoglobin concentrations, and glomerular filtration rate were measured in 141 children, aged six to 16 years. Among these elements, blood concentrations of Ag, U, V, Cr, Cd, Sb, and Bi were measured below LOQs and excluded from subsequent statistical analysis. This comprehensive study revealed that blood concentrations of these elements in children, living in industrial areas, exceeded critical reference values to varying extents; elevated exposure to As, Pb, Br, Cu, and Se was found in children living in multiple industrial areas. A significant positive association between elevated blood Tl concentration and obesity (β = 0.300, p = 0.007) and an inverse relationship between lower As concentration and underweight (β = -0.351, p < 0.001) compared to healthy weight children indicate that chronic exposure to Tl and As may influence the metabolic burden and physical growth in children. Concentration-dependent positive associations were observed between the blood concentrations of Cu, Se, and Br and hepatic- and renal dysfunction biomarkers, an inverse association with blood Mo and I level, however, indicates an increased risk of Cu, Se, and Br-induced liver and kidney toxicity. Further in-depth studies are warranted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of the observed associations. Regular biomonitoring of elemental exposures is also indispensable to regulate pollution in consideration of the long-term health effects of mixed-elements exposure in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shakil Mahmood
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, 1342, Bangladesh; Department of Biochemistry, Gonoshasthaya Samaj Vittik Medical College, Gono Bishwabidyalay (University), Dhaka, 1344, Bangladesh
| | - E M Tanvir
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia; Institute of Food & Radiation Biology, Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, Savar, Dhaka, 1349, Bangladesh
| | - Tatiana Komarova
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Queensland Public Health and Scientific Services, Coopers Plains, Queensland, 4108, Australia
| | - Md Nazrul Islam
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4102, Australia; Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, 4331, Bangladesh
| | - Mahbuba Khatun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gono Bishwabidyalay (University), Dhaka, 1344, Bangladesh
| | - Md Fuad Hossain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gono Bishwabidyalay (University), Dhaka, 1344, Bangladesh
| | - Jack C Ng
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4102, Australia
| | - Karen M Whitfield
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia; Pharmacy Department, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Metro North Health Services District, Herston, Queensland, 4029, Australia
| | - Md Sabir Hossain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Md Ibrahim Khalil
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, 1342, Bangladesh.
| | - P Nicholas Shaw
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia.
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22
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Santiago NA, He B, Howard SL, Beaudin S, Strupp BJ, Smith DR. Developmental Manganese Exposure Causes Lasting Attention Deficits Accompanied by Dysregulation of mTOR Signaling and Catecholaminergic Gene Expression in Brain Prefrontal Cortex. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.16.549215. [PMID: 37503220 PMCID: PMC10370122 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.16.549215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Elevated manganese (Mn) exposure is associated with attentional deficits in children, and is an environmental risk factor for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We have shown that developmental Mn exposure causes lasting attention and sensorimotor deficits in a rat model of early childhood Mn exposure, and that these deficits are associated with a hypofunctioning catecholaminergic system in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), though the mechanistic basis for these deficits is not well understood. To address this, male Long-Evans rats were exposed orally to Mn (50 mg/kg/d) over PND 1-21 and attentional function was assessed in adulthood using the 5-Choice Serial Reaction Time Task. Targeted catecholaminergic system and epigenetic gene expression, followed by unbiased differential DNA methylation and gene regulation expression transcriptomics in the PFC, were performed in young adult littermates. Results show that developmental Mn exposure causes lasting focused attention deficits that are associated with reduced gene expression of tyrosine hydroxylase, dopamine transporter, and DNA methyltransferase 3a. Further, developmental Mn exposure causes broader lasting methylation and gene expression dysregulation associated with epigenetic regulation, inflammation, cell development, and hypofunctioning catecholaminergic neuronal systems. Pathway enrichment analyses uncovered mTOR and Wnt signaling pathway genes as significant transcriptomic regulators of the Mn altered transcriptome, and Western blot of total, C1 and C2 phospho-mTOR confirmed mTOR pathway dysregulation. Our findings deepen our understanding of the mechanistic basis of how developmental Mn exposure leads to lasting catecholaminergic dysfunction and attention deficits, which may aid future therapeutic interventions of environmental exposure associated disorders. Significance Statement Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with environmental risk factors, including exposure to neurotoxic agents. Here we used a rodent model of developmental manganese (Mn) exposure producing lasting attention deficits to show broad epigenetic and gene expression changes in the prefrontal cortex, and to identify disrupted mTOR and Wnt signaling pathways as a novel mechanism for how developmental Mn exposure may induce lasting attention and catecholaminergic system impairments. Importantly, our findings establish early development as a critical period of susceptibility to lasting deficits in attentional function caused by elevated environmental toxicant exposure. Given that environmental health threats disproportionately impact communities of color and low socioeconomic status, our findings can aid future studies to assess therapeutic interventions for vulnerable populations.
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23
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Schildroth S, Friedman A, White RF, Kordas K, Placidi D, Bauer JA, Webster TF, Coull BA, Cagna G, Wright RO, Smith D, Lucchini RG, Horton M, Claus Henn B. Associations of an industry-relevant metal mixture with verbal learning and memory in Italian adolescents: The modifying role of iron status. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 224:115457. [PMID: 36773645 PMCID: PMC10117691 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biomarker concentrations of metals are associated with neurodevelopment, and these associations may be modified by nutritional status (e.g., iron deficiency). No prior study on associations of metal mixtures with neurodevelopment has assessed effect modification by iron status. OBJECTIVES We aimed to quantify associations of an industry-relevant metal mixture with verbal learning and memory among adolescents, and to investigate the modifying role of iron status on those associations. METHODS We used cross-sectional data from 383 Italian adolescents (10-14 years) living in proximity to ferroalloy industry. Verbal learning and memory was assessed using the California Verbal Learning Test for Children (CVLT-C), and metals were quantified in hair (manganese, copper, chromium) or blood (lead) using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Serum ferritin, a proxy for iron status, was measured using immunoassays. Covariate-adjusted associations of the metal mixture with CVLT subtests were estimated using Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression, and modification of the mixture associations by ferritin was examined. RESULTS Compared to the 50th percentile of the metal mixture, the 90th percentile was associated with a 0.12 standard deviation [SD] (95% CI = -0.27, 0.50), 0.16 SD (95% CI = -0.11, 0.44), and 0.11 SD (95% CI = -0.20, 0.43) increase in the number of words recalled for trial 5, long delay free, and long delay cued recall, respectively. For an increase from its 25th to 75th percentiles, copper was beneficially associated the recall trials when other metals were fixed at their 50th percentiles (for example, trial 5 recall: β = 0.31, 95% CI = 0.14, 0.48). The association between copper and trial 5 recall was stronger at the 75th percentile of ferritin, compared to the 25th or 50th percentiles. CONCLUSIONS In this metal mixture, copper was beneficially associated with neurodevelopment, which was more apparent at higher ferritin concentrations. These findings suggest that metal associations with neurodevelopment may depend on iron status, which has important public health implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Schildroth
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston MA, USA.
| | - Alexa Friedman
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston MA, USA
| | - Roberta F White
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston MA, USA; Department of Neurology, Boston University, Boston MA, USA
| | - Katarzyna Kordas
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Donatella Placidi
- Department of Occupational Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Julia A Bauer
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Thomas F Webster
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston MA, USA
| | - Brent A Coull
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston MA, USA
| | - Giuseppa Cagna
- Department of Occupational Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Robert O Wright
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York NY, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York NY, USA
| | - Donald Smith
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz CA, USA
| | - Roberto G Lucchini
- Department of Occupational Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Florida International University, Miami FL, USA
| | - Megan Horton
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York NY, USA
| | - Birgit Claus Henn
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston MA, USA
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24
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Taylor CA, Grant SM, Jursa T, Melkote A, Fulthorpe R, Aschner M, Smith DR, Gonzales RA, Mukhopadhyay S. SLC30A10 manganese transporter in the brain protects against deficits in motor function and dopaminergic neurotransmission under physiological conditions. Metallomics 2023; 15:mfad021. [PMID: 36990693 PMCID: PMC10103839 DOI: 10.1093/mtomcs/mfad021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Loss-of-function mutations in SLC30A10 induce hereditary manganese (Mn)-induced neuromotor disease in humans. We previously identified SLC30A10 to be a critical Mn efflux transporter that controls physiological brain Mn levels by mediating hepatic and intestinal Mn excretion in adolescence/adulthood. Our studies also revealed that in adulthood, SLC30A10 in the brain regulates brain Mn levels when Mn excretion capacity is overwhelmed (e.g. after Mn exposure). But, the functional role of brain SLC30A10 under physiological conditions is unknown. We hypothesized that, under physiological conditions, brain SLC30A10 may modulate brain Mn levels and Mn neurotoxicity in early postnatal life because body Mn excretion capacity is reduced in this developmental stage. We discovered that Mn levels of pan-neuronal/glial Slc30a10 knockout mice were elevated in specific brain regions (thalamus) during specific stages of early postnatal development (postnatal day 21), but not in adulthood. Furthermore, adolescent or adult pan-neuronal/glial Slc30a10 knockouts exhibited neuromotor deficits. The neuromotor dysfunction of adult pan-neuronal/glial Slc30a10 knockouts was associated with a profound reduction in evoked striatal dopamine release without dopaminergic neurodegeneration or changes in striatal tissue dopamine levels. Put together, our results identify a critical physiological function of brain SLC30A10-SLC30A10 in the brain regulates Mn levels in specific brain regions and periods of early postnatal life, which protects against lasting deficits in neuromotor function and dopaminergic neurotransmission. These findings further suggest that a deficit in dopamine release may be a likely cause of early-life Mn-induced motor disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cherish A Taylor
- Division of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy; and Institute for Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Stephanie M Grant
- Division of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy; and Institute for Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Thomas Jursa
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California at Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Ashvini Melkote
- Division of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy; and Institute for Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Rebecca Fulthorpe
- Division of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy; and Institute for Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx NY 10461, USA
| | - Donald R Smith
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California at Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Rueben A Gonzales
- Division of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy; and Institute for Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Somshuvra Mukhopadhyay
- Division of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy; and Institute for Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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25
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Xu Y, Peng T, Zhou Q, Zhu J, Liao G, Zou F, Meng X. Evaluation of the oxidative toxicity induced by lead, manganese, and cadmium using genetically modified nrf2a-mutant zebrafish. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2023; 266:109550. [PMID: 36717045 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2023.109550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal pollution has become a serious environmental concern and a threat to public health. Three of the most common heavy metals are cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and manganese (Mn). Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is an important transcription factor activated in the response to oxidative stress. In this study, mutant zebrafish with an nrf2a deletion of 7 bp were constructed by the CRISPR/Cas9 system to investigate the oxidative toxicity of these three heavy metals. The results of general toxicity tests showed that Pb exposure did not cause significant damage to mutant zebrafish compared with wild-type (WT) zebrafish. However, high Mn exposure increased mortality and malformation rates in mutant zebrafish. Of concern, Cd exposure caused significant toxic damage, including increased mortality and malformation rates, apoptosis of brain neurons, and severe locomotor behavior aberration in mutant zebrafish. The results of qRT-PCR indicated that Cd exposure could induce the activation of genes related to oxidative stress resistance in WT zebrafish, while the expression of these genes was inhibited in mutant zebrafish. This study showed that of the three heavy metals, Cd had the strongest oxidative toxicity, Mn had medium toxicity, and Pb had the weakest toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjie Xu
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tao Peng
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qin Zhou
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiawei Zhu
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Gengze Liao
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Fei Zou
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xiaojing Meng
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Oulhote Y, Rouget F, Michineau L, Monfort C, Desrochers-Couture M, Thomé JP, Kadhel P, Multigner L, Cordier S, Muckle G. Prenatal and childhood chlordecone exposure, cognitive abilities and problem behaviors in 7-year-old children: the TIMOUN mother-child cohort in Guadeloupe. Environ Health 2023; 22:21. [PMID: 36843015 PMCID: PMC9969702 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-023-00970-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chlordecone is a highly persistent organochlorine insecticide that was intensively used in banana fields in the French West Indies, resulting in a widespread contamination. Neurotoxicity of acute exposures in adults is well recognized, and empirical data suggests that prenatal exposure affects visual and fine motor developments during infancy and childhood, with greater susceptibility in boys. OBJECTIVE To assess the associations between pre- and postnatal exposures to chlordecone and cognitive and behavioral functions in school-aged children from Guadeloupe. METHODS We examined 576 children from the TIMOUN mother-child cohort in Guadeloupe at 7 years of age. Concentrations of chlordecone and other environmental contaminants were measured in cord- and children's blood at age 7 years. Cognitive abilities of children were assessed with the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-IV (WISC-IV), and externalizing and internalizing problem behaviors documented with the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) completed by the child's mother. We estimated covariate-adjusted associations between cord- and 7-years chlordecone concentrations and child outcomes using structural equations modeling, and tested effect modification by sex. RESULTS Geometric means of blood chlordecone concentrations were 0.13 µg/L in cord blood and 0.06 µg/L in children's blood at age 7 years. A twofold increase in cord blood concentrations was associated with 0.05 standard deviation (SD) (95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 0.0, 0.10) higher internalizing problem scores, whereas 7-years chlordecone concentrations were associated with lower Full-Scale IQ scores (FSIQ) and greater externalized behavioral problem scores. A twofold increase in 7-year chlordecone concentrations was associated with a decrease of 0.67 point (95% CI: -1.13, -0.22) on FSIQ and an increase of 0.04 SD (95% CI: 0.0, 0.07) on externalizing problems. These associations with Cognitive abilities were driven by decreases in perceptive reasoning, working memory and verbal comprehension. Associations between 7-year exposure and perceptive reasoning, working memory, and the FSIQ were stronger in boys, whereas cord blood and child blood associations with internalizing problems were stronger in girls. CONCLUSIONS These results suggests that cognitive abilities and externalizing behavior problems at school age are impaired by childhood, but not in utero, exposure to chlordecone, and that prenatal exposure is related to greater internalizing behavioral problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youssef Oulhote
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Florence Rouget
- CHU De Rennes, Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut De Recherche En Santé, Environnement Et Travail) - UMR_S 1085, Rennes, France
| | - Léah Michineau
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut De Recherche En Santé, Environnement Et Travail) - UMR_S 1085, Rennes, France
| | - Christine Monfort
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut De Recherche En Santé, Environnement Et Travail) - UMR_S 1085, Rennes, France
| | - Mireille Desrochers-Couture
- Population Health and Optimal Health Practices Research Unit, CHU De Québec Research Centre; École de Psychologie, Université Laval, Pavillon Félix-Antoine-Savard, 2325 Rue Des Bibliothèques, Québec City, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Jean-Pierre Thomé
- LEAE-CART (Laboratoire d'Ecologie Animale Et d'Ecotoxicologie-Centre De Recherche Analytique Et Technologique), Université De Liège, B-4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Philippe Kadhel
- CHU De de La Guadeloupe, Univ Antilles, Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut De Recherche En Santé, Environnement Et Travail) - UMR_S 1085, Pointe-À-Pitre, France
| | - Luc Multigner
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut De Recherche En Santé, Environnement Et Travail) - UMR_S 1085, Rennes, France
| | - Sylvaine Cordier
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut De Recherche En Santé, Environnement Et Travail) - UMR_S 1085, Rennes, France.
| | - Gina Muckle
- Population Health and Optimal Health Practices Research Unit, CHU De Québec Research Centre; École de Psychologie, Université Laval, Pavillon Félix-Antoine-Savard, 2325 Rue Des Bibliothèques, Québec City, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada.
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Aiken M, Pace CE, Ramachandran M, Schwabe KA, Ajami H, Link BG, Ying SC. Disparities in Drinking Water Manganese Concentrations in Domestic Wells and Community Water Systems in the Central Valley, CA, USA. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:1987-1996. [PMID: 36696271 PMCID: PMC9910038 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c08548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Over 1.3 million Californians rely on unmonitored domestic wells. Existing probability estimates of groundwater Mn concentrations, population estimates, and sociodemographic data were integrated with spatial data delineating domestic well communities (DWCs) to predict the probability of high Mn concentrations in extracted groundwater within DWCs in California's Central Valley. Additional Mn concentration data of water delivered by community water systems (CWSs) were used to estimate Mn in public water supply. We estimate that 0.4% of the DWC population (2342 users) rely on groundwater with predicted Mn > 300 μg L-1. In CWSs, 2.4% of the population (904 users) served by small CWSs and 0.4% of the population (3072 users) served by medium CWS relied on drinking water with mean point-of-entry Mn concentration >300 μg L-1. Small CWSs were less likely to report Mn concentrations relative to large CWSs, yet a higher percentage of small CWSs exceed regulatory standards relative to larger systems. Modeled calculations do not reveal differences in estimated Mn concentration between groundwater from current regional domestic well depth and 33 m deeper. These analyses demonstrate the need for additional well-monitoring programs that evaluate Mn and increased access to point-of-use treatment for domestic well users disproportionately burdened by associated costs of water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda
L. Aiken
- Environmental
Toxicology Graduate Program, University
of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
- Schmid
College of Science and Technology, Chapman
University, Orange, CA 92866, United
States
| | - Clare E. Pace
- Environmental
Science, Policy, and Management, University
of California, Berkeley, California 94704, United States
| | - Maithili Ramachandran
- School
of Public Policy, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Kurt A. Schwabe
- School
of Public Policy, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Hoori Ajami
- Environmental
Sciences Department, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Bruce G. Link
- School
of Public Policy, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Samantha C. Ying
- Environmental
Toxicology Graduate Program, University
of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
- Environmental
Sciences Department, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
- Health
Disparities Research Center, University
of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
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28
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Woolf AD, Stierman BD, Barnett ED, Byron LG. Drinking Water From Private Wells and Risks to Children. Pediatrics 2023; 151:190542. [PMID: 36995188 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2022-060645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Drinking water for approximately 23 million US households is obtained from private wells. These wells can become contaminated by pollutant chemicals or pathogenic organisms, leading to significant illness. Although the US Environmental Protection Agency and all states offer guidance for construction, maintenance, and testing of private wells, most states only regulate the construction of new private water wells. With a few exceptions, there is little regulation after construction. Well owners are responsible for their own wells. Children may also drink well water at child care or when traveling. Illness resulting from children’s ingestion of contaminated water can be severe. This report reviews relevant aspects of groundwater and wells; describes the common chemical and microbiologic contaminants; gives an algorithm with recommendations for inspection, testing, and remediation for wells providing drinking water for children; and provides references and Internet resources for more information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan D Woolf
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Bryan D Stierman
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Elizabeth D Barnett
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Medical Center and Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lori G Byron
- Indian Health Service (retired), SCL Health, Billings, Montana
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29
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Witt C, Kienast C, Bölke G, Hoffmann C, Roehle R, Bender O, Nowak D, Tauber R, Gunga HC, Hoffmann P, Coats AJS, Liebers U. Long-term indoor gunshot exposure of special police forces induces bronchitic reactions and elevated blood lead levels-The Berlin shooting range study. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2023; 14:452-463. [PMID: 36539958 PMCID: PMC9891938 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gunshot emissions contain toxic elements that can harm those frequently exposed, such as police officers. Several years ago, police indoor firing ranges were closed by the Berlin municipality in response to police officer health complaints, and an investigation was launched into the possible respiratory health risks of frequent gunshot emission exposure. We, therefore, conducted an exploratory cross-sectional study to investigate clinical and functional parameters of respiratory health as well as the burden of trace elements in policemen with long-term high exposure to indoor gunshot emissions, compared to low-exposure and control groups. METHODS We conducted lung function tests and collected blood and urine samples from Berlin police officers and government employees who were divided into three subject groups based on exposure to gunshot emissions: high exposure (n = 53), low exposure (n = 94) and no exposure (n = 76). Lung function was examined using body plethysmography. Blood and urine samples were tested via inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for the presence of common gunshot powder elements (antimony, lead and manganese). Exposure and symptoms were assessed using records as well as questionnaires. RESULTS Higher exposure was associated with more respiratory symptoms during gun shooting practice (64% vs. 21%, P < 0.001) compared to the low-exposure group. Headache, cough, discoloured mucous and shortness of breath were also more common as were some other symptoms. The cough symptomatology of the high-exposure group also persisted significantly longer (median: 0.67 vs. 0.01 days, range: 0 to 5 days, P = 0.029) compared to the low-exposure group. They also showed a lower forced expiratory volume in 1 s/forced vital capacity quotient (Tiffeneau index), P = 0.018 between the three groups and P = 0.005 for the high-exposure group, a possible marker of early, subclinical bronchial obstruction. We observed increased blood lead concentrations depending on subject's age (+1.2% per year, 95% confidence interval: 0.5-1.9%, P < 0.001) and cumulative gunshot exposure (+0.34% per 100 000 shots, 0.02-0.66%, P = 0.037). CONCLUSIONS These first results suggest that long-term exposure to indoor gunshot emissions induces bronchitic reactions due to repeated irritation of the airways. Higher levels of exposure lead to more negatively impacted lung function and higher blood lead levels with the possible reason that more frequent exposure may mean shorter regeneration phases for the respiratory mucous membrane. We recommend a reduction of exposure to gunshot emissions in order to decrease symptoms and avoid any-even small-deterioration in spirometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Witt
- Department of Outpatient Pneumology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Physiology, Center for Space Medicine and Extreme Environments Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Camilla Kienast
- Department of Outpatient Pneumology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Physiology, Center for Space Medicine and Extreme Environments Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Georg Bölke
- Department of Outpatient Pneumology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christina Hoffmann
- Department of Outpatient Pneumology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Roehle
- Charité Coordinating Center for Clinical Studies (KKS), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Olaf Bender
- Charité Coordinating Center for Clinical Studies (KKS), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dennis Nowak
- Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social, and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich; Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC) Munich, member DZL, German Center for Lung Research, Munich, Germany
| | - Rudolf Tauber
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hanns-Christian Gunga
- Institute of Physiology, Center for Space Medicine and Extreme Environments Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Hoffmann
- Department of Outpatient Pneumology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Uta Liebers
- Department of Outpatient Pneumology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Physiology, Center for Space Medicine and Extreme Environments Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Gurol KC, Li D, Broberg K, Mukhopadhyay S. Manganese efflux transporter SLC30A10 missense polymorphism T95I associated with liver injury retains manganese efflux activity. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2023; 324:G78-G88. [PMID: 36414535 PMCID: PMC9829465 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00213.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The activity of the manganese (Mn) efflux transporter SLC30A10 in the liver and intestines is critical for Mn excretion and preventing Mn toxicity. Homozygous loss-of-function mutations in SLC30A10 are a well-established cause of hereditary Mn toxicity. But, the relationship between more common SLC30A10 polymorphisms, Mn homeostasis, and disease is only recently emerging. In 2021, the first coding SNP in SLC30A10 (T95I) was associated with liver disease raising the hypothesis that the T95I substitution may induce disease by inhibiting the Mn efflux function of SLC30A10. Here, we test this hypothesis using structural, viability, and metal quantification approaches. Analyses of a predicted structure of SLC30A10 revealed that the side chain of T95 pointed away from the putative Mn-binding cavity, raising doubts about the impact of the T95I substitution on SLC30A10 function. In HeLa or HepG2 cells, overexpression of SLC30A10-WT or T95I resulted in comparable reductions of intracellular Mn levels and protection against Mn-induced cell death. Furthermore, ΔSLC30A10 HepG2 cells, generated using CRISPR/Cas9, exhibited elevated Mn levels and heightened sensitivity to Mn-induced cell death, and these phenotypic changes were similarly rescued by expression of SLC30A10-WT or T95I. Finally, turnover rates of SLC30A10-WT or T95I were also comparable. In summary, our results indicate that the Mn transport activity of SLC30A10-T95I is essentially comparable to the WT protein. Our findings imply that SLC30A10-T95I either has a complex association with liver injury that extends beyond the simple reduction in SLC30A10 activity or alternatively the T95I mutation lacks a causal role in liver disease.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study demonstrates that the T95I polymorphism in the manganese transporter SLC30A10, which has been associated with liver disease in human GWAS studies, does not impact transporter function in cell culture. These findings raise doubts about the causal relationship of the T95I polymorphism with human disease and highlight the importance of validating GWAS findings using mechanistic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerem C Gurol
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
- Institute for Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Danyang Li
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
- Institute for Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Karin Broberg
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Somshuvra Mukhopadhyay
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
- Institute for Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
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31
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Smith DR, Strupp BJ. Animal Models of Childhood Exposure to Lead or Manganese: Evidence for Impaired Attention, Impulse Control, and Affect Regulation and Assessment of Potential Therapies. Neurotherapeutics 2023; 20:3-21. [PMID: 36853434 PMCID: PMC10119373 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-023-01345-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Behavioral disorders involving attention and impulse control dysfunction, such as ADHD, are among the most prevalent disorders in children and adolescents, with significant impact on their lives. The etiology of these disorders is not well understood, but is recognized to be multifactorial, with studies reporting associations with polygenic and environmental risk factors, including toxicant exposure. Environmental epidemiological studies, while good at establishing associations with a variety of environmental and genetic risk factors, cannot establish causality. Animal models of behavioral disorders, when properly designed, can play an essential role in establishing causal relationships between environmental risk factors and a disorder, as well as provide model systems for elucidating underlying neural mechanisms and testing therapies. Here, we review how animal model studies of developmental lead or manganese exposure have been pivotal in (1) establishing a causal relationship between developmental exposure and lasting dysfunction in the domains of attention, impulse control, and affect regulation, and (2) testing the efficacy of specific therapeutic approaches for alleviating the lasting deficits. The lead and manganese case studies illustrate how animal models can advance knowledge in ways that are not possible in human studies. For example, in contrast to the Treatment of Lead Poisoned Children (TLC) human clinical trial evaluating succimer chelation efficacy to improve cognitive functioning in lead-exposed children, our developmental lead exposure animal model showed that succimer chelation can produce lasting cognitive benefits if chelation sufficiently reduces brain lead levels. In addition, this study revealed that succimer treatment in the absence of lead exposure produces lasting cognitive dysfunction, highlighting potential risks of chelation in off-label uses, such as the treatment of autistic children without a history of lead exposure. Our animal model of developmental manganese exposure has demonstrated that manganese can cause lasting attentional and sensorimotor deficits, akin to an ADHD-inattentive behavioral phenotype, thereby providing insights into the role of environmental exposures as contributors to ADHD. These studies have also shown that oral methylphenidate (Ritalin) can fully alleviate the deficits produced by early developmental Mn exposure. Future work should continue to focus on the development and use of animal models that appropriately recapitulate the complex behavioral phenotypes of behavioral disorders, in order to determine the mechanistic basis for the behavioral deficits caused by developmental exposure to environmental toxicants, and the efficacy of existing and emerging therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald R Smith
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, USA.
| | - Barbara J Strupp
- Division of Nutritional Sciences and Department of Psychology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
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32
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Kousa A, Loukola-Ruskeeniemi K, Hatakka T, Kantola M. High manganese and nickel concentrations in human hair and well water and low calcium concentration in blood serum in a pristine area with sulphide-rich bedrock. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2022; 44:3799-3819. [PMID: 34698984 PMCID: PMC9587063 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-021-01131-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
We report the trace element status of residents living in areas with naturally sulphide-rich bedrock and soil in two municipalities in Finland, Sotkamo and Kaavi. Altogether, 225 people from these sparsely populated regions participated voluntarily by providing hair and blood samples. The concentrations of calcium, zinc and copper in serum as well as selenium and cadmium in whole blood did not show correlation with those concentrations in hair samples. Calcium concentration in serum was slightly lower in the sulphide-rich areas (median value 91.4 mg/l, n = 103) than in the areas with adjacent sulphur-poor bedrock (median value 93.6 mg/l, n = 82). The concentrations of Ni and Mn in hair correlated with those in drinking water. The highest Mn and Ni concentrations in the water samples from private wells were 1620 µg/l and 51 µg/l and the highest concentrations in human hair samples 36.44 mg/kg and 12.3 mg/kg, respectively. The challenge with elevated trace element concentrations in some well waters is well documented. In northern countries (Finland, Sweden, Norway and Canada), only 10% of the population depend on private well water, and 90% have access to monitored municipal water supplies. Compared with data available from sulphide mine sites globally, the nickel and manganese concentrations in human hair samples were high in our sulphide-rich study area at Sotkamo representing the trace element status of residents under natural conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Kousa
- Environmental Solutions, Geological Survey of Finland GTK, P.O. Box 1237, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Tarja Hatakka
- Environmental Solutions, Geological Survey of Finland GTK, P.O. Box 96, 02151, Espoo, Finland
| | - Marjatta Kantola
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), P.O. Box 2, 00791, Helsinki, Finland
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Ijomone OM, Iroegbu JD, Morcillo P, Ayodele AJ, Ijomone OK, Bornhorst J, Schwerdtle T, Aschner M. Sex-dependent metal accumulation and immunoexpression of Hsp70 and Nrf2 in rats' brain following manganese exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2022; 37:2167-2177. [PMID: 35596948 PMCID: PMC9357062 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn), although important for multiple cellular processes, has posed environmental health concerns due to its neurotoxic effects. In recent years, there have been extensive studies on the mechanism of Mn-induced neuropathology, as well as the sex-dependent vulnerability to its neurotoxic effects. Nonetheless, cellular mechanisms influenced by sex differences in susceptibility to Mn have yet to be adequately characterized. Since oxidative stress is a key mechanism of Mn neurotoxicity, here, we have probed Hsp70 and Nrf2 proteins to investigate the sex-dependent changes following exposure to Mn. Male and female rats were administered intraperitoneal injections of MnCl2 (10 mg/kg and 25 mg/kg) 48 hourly for a total of eight injections (15 days). We evaluated changes in body weight, as well as Mn accumulation, Nrf2 and Hsp70 expression across four brain regions; striatum, cortex, hippocampus and cerebellum in both sexes. Our results showed sex-specific changes in body-weight, specifically in males but not in females. Additionally, we noted sex-dependent accumulation of Mn in the brain, as well as in expression levels of Nrf2 and Hsp70 proteins. These findings revealed sex-dependent susceptibility to Mn-induced neurotoxicity corresponding to differential Mn accumulation, and expression of Hsp70 and Nrf2 across several brain regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omamuyovwi M. Ijomone
- Departments of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- The Neuro- Lab, Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Federal University of Technology Akure, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Joy D. Iroegbu
- The Neuro- Lab, Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Federal University of Technology Akure, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Patricia Morcillo
- Departments of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Akinyemi J. Ayodele
- Departments of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Olayemi K. Ijomone
- The Neuro- Lab, Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Federal University of Technology Akure, Akure, Nigeria
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Medical Sciences, Ondo, Nigeria
| | - Julia Bornhorst
- Food Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
- TraceAge – DFG Research Unit on Interactions of Essential Trace Elements in Healthy and Diseased Elderly (FOR 2558), Berlin-Potsdam-Jena-Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Tanja Schwerdtle
- TraceAge – DFG Research Unit on Interactions of Essential Trace Elements in Healthy and Diseased Elderly (FOR 2558), Berlin-Potsdam-Jena-Wuppertal, Germany
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Michael Aschner
- Departments of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
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34
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Liu J, Zhang X, Ta X, Luo M, Chang X, Wang H. Fecal microbiome transplantation attenuates manganese-induced neurotoxicity through regulation of the apelin signaling pathway by inhibition of autophagy in mouse brain. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 242:113925. [PMID: 35917710 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is a common environmental pollutant. Mn exposure can lead to neurodegenerative diseases resembling Parkinson's disease, and has become a major public health concern. However, the mechanism of Mn-induced neurotoxicity in the brain is not clear. Fecal microbiome transplantation (FMT) may alleviate the neurotoxicity of Mn exposure by remodeling the gut microbiota. In this study, MnCl2 (manganese chloride) was administered to mice as in drinking water (Mn: 200 mg/L), and fecal matter from donor mice was administered by oral gavage every other day to the recipient mice. The Mn exposure model (Mn group) and FMT model (Mn+FMT group) were established and analyzed 5 weeks post-exposure. The Wipi1 gene exhibited the most significant increase associated with Mn exposure and Mn+FMT treatment groups based on transcriptome analysis. Combined analysis of transcriptomics and proteomics demonstrated that the apelin signaling pathway is the main pathway affected by FMT during Mn exposure. Immunofluorescence and Western blot showed that the expression of key proteins (Beclin-1, LC-3B, and PINK1) associated with autophagy in the hippocampus was robustly activated in the Mn exposure group, but attenuation was observed in Mn+FMT mice, suggesting a critical role of autophagy in neurotoxicity induced by Mn exposure. Our research provides evidence for the neurotoxic effects of Mn exposure through autophagy activation and provides an underlying mechanism of FMT protection against Mn-induced neurotoxicity through regulation of the apelin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Liu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Xiaojuan Ta
- Department of Pathology, Lanzhou Second People's Hospital, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Miaomiao Luo
- Department of Obstetrics, Affiliated Hospital of Yan'an University, Shaanxi 716000, China
| | - Xuhong Chang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Gansu 730000, China.
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Zhu K, Liu Q, Xie X, Jiang Q, Feng Y, Xiao P, Wu X, Zhu B, Song R. Interaction between manganese and SLC6A3 genetic polymorphisms in relation to dyslexia. Neurotoxicology 2022; 92:102-109. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2022.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
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Environmental Influences on the Behavioural and Emotional Outcomes of Children: A Network Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19148479. [PMID: 35886325 PMCID: PMC9320434 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19148479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: Intellectual developmental disorders are a serious source of health morbidity with negative consequences for adults as well as children. However, there is limited evidence on the environmental, trace element, behavioural, and emotional outcomes in children. Here, we investigated whether there is any association between child behaviour and emotional outcomes and micronutrients using network analysis. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 9-year-old children within a Pacific Island Families study birth cohort. Elemental concentration was determined in children’s toenails after acid digestion and analysed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. We used network analysis to identify closely associated trace elements and tested the directions and strength of these trace elements. MANCOVA were used to identify the significant associations between individual elements and the behavioural/emotional function of the children using the children behaviour checklist (CBCL). At the final step, quantile regression analysis was used to assess and quantify the identified associations between CBCL function scores and manganese, adjusted by sex, ethnicity, and standardized BMI. Results: Three major nutrient networks were identified. In the Mn network, Mn was strongly positively associated with Al (0.63) and Fe (r = 0.65) and moderately associated with Pb (r = 0.45) and Sb (r = 0.42). Al was also strongly associated with Fe (r = 0.9). Children in the second or third clinical group, with an elevated externalized CBCL score, had a much higher mean and median level of Mn as compared to the normal range group. The aggression score was significantly associated with Mn concentration and sex. Higher Mn concentrations were associated with a higher aggression score. A 1 ug/g unit increase in Mn was associated with a 2.44-fold increase (95% confidence interval: 1.55–4.21) in aggression score, and boys had higher median aggression score than girls (difference: 1.7, 95% CI: 0.9–2.8). Attention and rule breaking scores were both significantly associated with Mn concentration. Higher Mn concentrations were associated with higher attention behaviour problem and rule breaking scores. A 1 ug/g unit increase in Mn was found to be associated with a 1.80-fold increase (95% confidence interval: 1.37–2.82) in attention score, and a 1.46-fold increase (95% confidence interval: 1.01–1.74) in the rule breaking score. Thought score was not significantly associated with Mn concentration (p = 0.13) but was significantly lower in boys (p = 0.004). Conclusions: Exceeding Mn levels is potentially toxic and has been identified to be associated with worse externalized children’s behavioural health and emotional well-being. Future studies are necessary to find the exposure paths so that advice shall be provided to family and care providers in public health and environmental protection.
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Carvalho CF, Santos-Lima C, Souza-Marques B, de Mendonça Filho EJ, Lorenzo RG, França RJAF, Araújo-Dos-Santos B, Veloso TJ, Rodrigues JLG, Araújo CFS, Dos Santos NR, Bandeira MJ, Anjos ALS, Mergler D, Abreu N, Menezes-Filho JA. Executive functions in school-aged children exposed to airborne manganese: A multilevel analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 210:112940. [PMID: 35182597 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.112940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Neuropsychological alterations have been identified in populations heavily exposed to metals with neurotoxic potential, such as manganese (Mn). This study examined the associations between Mn environmental exposure in school-aged children and executive functions, using structural equation modeling. Children, aged between 7 and 12 years (N = 181), were recruited from four elementary schools located in a region that is under the influence of atmospheric emissions from a ferro-manganese alloy plant in the municipality of Simões Filho, Bahia, Brazil. The following cognitive functions were evaluated: Intelligence, Inhibitory Control, Cognitive Flexibility, Verbal and Design Fluency, Verbal and Visual Working Memory and Attention. We performed structural equation modeling to identify the following executive functions latent variables: working memory, inhibitory control and cognitive flexibility. We further analyzed the relations between executive functions and Mn measured in hair (MnH) and toenails (MnTn) with linear mixed models, after controlling for co-variables. A positive effect at the individual level on working memory, inhibition control and cognitive flexibility was observed with MnTn after controlling for co-variables, but no association was found with MnH levels. However, children attending school most environmentally exposed to Mn emissions, which had the highest rate of Mn dust deposition, had the poorest scores on working memory. These findings suggest both benefits and risk of Mn on children's cognitive development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrissie F Carvalho
- Laboratório de Neuropsicologia Cognitiva e Escolar, Department of Psychology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Brazil; Clinical and Cognitive Neuropsychological Research Laboratory, Institute of Psychology, Federal University of Bahia, Brazil; Graduate Program in Psychology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Brazil.
| | - Cassio Santos-Lima
- Clinical and Cognitive Neuropsychological Research Laboratory, Institute of Psychology, Federal University of Bahia, Brazil; Graduate Program in Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Federal University of Bahia, Brazil
| | - Breno Souza-Marques
- Clinical and Cognitive Neuropsychological Research Laboratory, Institute of Psychology, Federal University of Bahia, Brazil; Graduate Program in Medicine and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Rodrigo G Lorenzo
- Clinical and Cognitive Neuropsychological Research Laboratory, Institute of Psychology, Federal University of Bahia, Brazil
| | - Ricardo J A F França
- Clinical and Cognitive Neuropsychological Research Laboratory, Institute of Psychology, Federal University of Bahia, Brazil; Graduate Program in Psychobiology, Federal University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bianca Araújo-Dos-Santos
- Clinical and Cognitive Neuropsychological Research Laboratory, Institute of Psychology, Federal University of Bahia, Brazil
| | - Tainã J Veloso
- Clinical and Cognitive Neuropsychological Research Laboratory, Institute of Psychology, Federal University of Bahia, Brazil
| | - Juliana L G Rodrigues
- Graduate Program in Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Brazil
| | - Cecília F S Araújo
- Graduate Program in Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Brazil
| | - Nathália R Dos Santos
- Graduate Program in Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Brazil
| | - Matheus J Bandeira
- Graduate Program in Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Brazil
| | - Ana Laura S Anjos
- Graduate Program in Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Brazil
| | - Donna Mergler
- Centre de Recherche Interdisciplinaire sur la Biologie, la Santé, la Société et l'Environnement (CINBIOSE), Université du Québec a Montreal, Canada
| | - Neander Abreu
- Clinical and Cognitive Neuropsychological Research Laboratory, Institute of Psychology, Federal University of Bahia, Brazil; Graduate Program in Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Federal University of Bahia, Brazil
| | - José A Menezes-Filho
- Graduate Program in Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Brazil
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Oshiro WM, McDaniel KL, Beasley TE, Moser V, Herr DW. Impacts of a perinatal exposure to manganese coupled with maternal stress in rats: Learning, memory and attentional function in exposed offspring. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2022; 91:107077. [PMID: 35189282 PMCID: PMC10578066 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2022.107077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The developmental effects of chemicals that co-occur in vulnerable populations with elevated psychological stress are of increasing concern to the public. To investigate these concerns, we developed a rodent model of co-occurring perinatal manipulations and conducted a series of cognitive assessments in male and female offspring. Manganese (Mn), a neurodevelopmental toxicant when exceeding physiological requirements, was delivered in the drinking water (0, 2, or 4 mg Mn/mL) of rats from gestational day (GD) 7 to postnatal day (PND) 22. A variable perinatal stress paradigm was applied to half of the animals from GD13 to PND9. Novel object recognition (NOR), Morris water maze (MWM), differential reinforcement of low-rates procedure (DRL) and cued and uncued choice reaction time (CRT) tests were used to assess cognitive functions in offspring. Mn (4 mg/mL) and stress impaired NOR in adolescent males but facilitated NOR performance in females. However, when stress and Mn were combined these effects were attenuated in both sexes. During training for the DRL, Mn (2 mg/mL) facilitated, while stress impaired, lever press learning in both sexes. Few effects related to the treatments were found on DRL or MWM. During cued CRT, Mn (2 and 4 mg/mL) and stress reduced accuracy in males, while stress and Mn (2 mg/mL) increased anticipatory responding and slowed decision time in both sexes. Stress combined with Mn (2 mg/mL) improved cued accuracy and decision time, and Mn attenuated the effect of stress on anticipatory responding in both sexes. Stress slowed female movement time but when combined with Mn (4 mg/mL) the effect of stress was attenuated. During uncued CRT, except for decision time (which replicated effects observed with the cued task), no other effects of Mn or its combination with stress occurred. Females remained negatively affected by stress in most uncued CRT performance measures, while stressed improved male uncued accuracy. Taken together these data do not support increased cognitive impairment produced by Mn when combined with stress. However, the effects of perinatal stress alone, on these cognitive functions may hinder the detection of effects due to chemical exposures and underscores the need to consider the psychological health and wellbeing of the mother and her environment in risk assessment for developmental neurotoxicity of chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- W M Oshiro
- Public Health & Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, United States of America.
| | - K L McDaniel
- Public Health & Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, United States of America
| | - T E Beasley
- Public Health & Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, United States of America
| | - V Moser
- Retired, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, United States of America
| | - D W Herr
- Public Health & Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, United States of America
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Heng YY, Asad I, Coleman B, Menard L, Benki-Nugent S, Hussein Were F, Karr CJ, McHenry MS. Heavy metals and neurodevelopment of children in low and middle-income countries: A systematic review. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0265536. [PMID: 35358213 PMCID: PMC8970501 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0265536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The presence of harmful environmental exposures, which disproportionately affects low-and-middle income countries (LMICs), contributes to >25% of deaths and diseases worldwide and detrimentally affects child neurodevelopment. Few resources succinctly summarize the existing literature on this topic. Our objective is to systematically review and characterize the evidence regarding the relationship between heavy metals and neurodevelopment of children in LMICs. METHODS We conducted a medical librarian-curated search on multiple online databases to identify articles that included individuals <18 years living in a LMIC, quantitatively measured exposure to a heavy metal (either prenatal or postnatal), and used a standardized measurement of neurodevelopment (i.e. cognitive, language, motor, and behavior). Reviews, editorials, or case studies were excluded. Results were analyzed qualitatively, and quality was assessed. RESULTS Of the 18,043 screened articles, 298 full-text articles were reviewed, and 100 articles met inclusion criteria. The included studies represented data from 19 LMICs, only one of which was classified as a low-income country. Ninety-four percent of postnatal lead and all postnatal manganese studies showed a negative association with metal exposure and neurodevelopment, which were the strongest relationships among the metals studied. Postnatal exposure of mercury was associated with poor neurodevelopment in only half of studies. Limited data on postnatal arsenic and cadmium suggests an association with worse neurodevelopment. Findings were mixed for prenatal arsenic and lead, although some evidence supports that the neurotoxicity of lead was amplified in the presence of manganese. CONCLUSIONS AND POTENTIAL IMPACT We found that lead and manganese appear to consistently have a detrimental effect on the neurodevelopment of children, and more evidence is needed for mercury, arsenic, and cadmium. Better characterization of these effects can motivate and inform prioritization of much needed international policies and programs to reduce heavy metal exposures for young children within LMICs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yan Heng
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Iqra Asad
- School of Science, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Bailey Coleman
- School of Health and Human Sciences, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Laura Menard
- Ruth Lilly Medical Library, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Sarah Benki-Nugent
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Faridah Hussein Were
- Department of Chemistry, College of Biological and Physical Sciences of the University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Catherine J. Karr
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Megan S McHenry
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
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Impacts of a perinatal exposure to manganese coupled with maternal stress in rats: Tests of untrained behaviors. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2022; 91:107088. [PMID: 35278630 PMCID: PMC9133146 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2022.107088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn), an element that naturally occurs in the environment, has been shown to produce neurotoxic effects on the developing young when levels exceed physiological requirements. To evaluate the effects of this chemical in combination with non-chemical factors pregnant Long-Evans rats were treated with 0, 2, or 4 mg/mL Mn in their drinking water from gestational day (GD) 7 to postnatal day (PND) 22. Half of the dams received a variable stress protocol from GD13 to PND9, that included restraint, small cage with reduced bedding, exposure to predator odor, intermittent intervals of white noise, lights on for 24 h, intermittent intervals of lights on during dark cycle and cages with grid floors and reduced bedding. One male and one female offspring from each litter were tested to assess untrained behavior. Ultrasonic vocalizations (USV) were recorded from PND13 pups while they were isolated from the litter. Locomotor activity (MA) was measured in figure-eight mazes at PND 17, 29, and 79 (different set of rats at each time point). Social approach (SA) was tested at PND48. Acoustic startle response (ASR) and pre-pulse inhibition (PPI) were measured starting at PND58. At PND53 a sweetness preference for a chocolate flavored milk solution was assessed. There were sex related differences on several parameters for the USVs. There was also a Mn by stress by sex interaction with the females from the 4 mg/mL stressed dams having more frequency modulated (FM) call elements than the 4 mg/mL non-stressed group. There was an effect of Mn on motor activity but only at PND29 with the 2 mg/mL group having higher counts than the 0 mg/mL group. The social approach test showed sex differences for both the habituation and test phase. There was an effect of Mn, with the 4 mg/mL males having a greater preference for the stimulus rat than did the 0 mg/mL males. There was also a stress by sex interaction. The ASR and PPI had only a sex effect. Thus, with only the FM call elements having a Mn by stress effect, and the PND29 MA and SA preference index having a Mn effect but at different doses requires further investigation.
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Cecil KM. Pediatric Exposures to Neurotoxicants: A Review of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy Findings. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12030641. [PMID: 35328193 PMCID: PMC8947432 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12030641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Heavy metals, including lead and manganese, air pollution, pesticides, environmental tobacco smoke, and flame retardants are among the known and suspected environmental neurotoxicant exposures examined with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based studies of pediatric populations. Many studies feature morphological changes associated with the exposures while others employ magnetic resonance spectroscopy, diffusion imaging, task-based, and resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging to reveal abnormal metabolic concentrations, white matter disorganization, and atypical patterns of activation. Some studies follow pregnant women and their offspring throughout the lifespan with collection of individual specimens as exposure biomarkers. Others innovatively make use of public databases to obtain relevant exposure biomarkers while taking advantage of these studies in their efforts to monitor developmental features in large, population-based, imaging cohorts. As exposures to neurotoxicants in the womb and throughout childhood have life-long impacts on health and well-being, the importance of these innovative neuroimaging investigations is ever increasing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim M Cecil
- Departments of Radiology and Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
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Uyar E, Gurkas E, Aksu AU, Emeksiz S, Kasapkara CS, Gulleroglu NB, Bozkaya IO, Oguz KK. Can therapeutic plasma exchange be life-saving in life-threatening manganese intoxication? Transfus Apher Sci 2022; 61:103417. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2022.103417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Conley TE, Richardson C, Pacheco J, Dave N, Jursa T, Guazzetti S, Lucchini RG, Fendorf S, Ritchie RO, Smith DR. Bone manganese is a sensitive biomarker of ongoing elevated manganese exposure, but does not accumulate across the lifespan. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 204:112355. [PMID: 34774504 PMCID: PMC10413361 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Studies have established associations between environmental and occupational manganese (Mn) exposure and executive and motor function deficits in children, adolescents, and adults. These health risks from elevated Mn exposure underscore the need for effective exposure biomarkers to improve exposure classification and help detect/diagnose Mn-related impairments. Here, neonate rats were orally exposed to 0, 25, or 50 mg Mn/kg/day during early life (PND 1-21) or lifelong through ∼ PND 500 to determine the relationship between oral Mn exposure and blood, brain, and bone Mn levels over the lifespan, whether Mn accumulates in bone, and whether elevated bone Mn altered the local atomic and mineral structure of bone, or its biomechanical properties. Additionally, we assessed levels of bone Mn compared to bone lead (Pb) in aged humans (age 41-91) living in regions impacted by historic industrial ferromanganese activity. The animal studies show that blood, brain, and bone Mn levels naturally decrease across the lifespan without elevated Mn exposure. With elevated exposure, bone Mn levels were strongly associated with blood Mn levels, bone Mn was more sensitive to elevated exposures than blood or brain Mn, and Mn did not accumulate with lifelong elevated exposure. Elevated early life Mn exposure caused some changes in bone mineral properties, including altered local atomic structure of hydroxyapatite, along with some biomechanical changes in bone stiffness in weanlings or young adult animals. In aged humans, blood Mn ranged from 5.4 to 23.5 ng/mL; bone Mn was universally low, and decreased with age, but did not vary based on sex or female parity history. Unlike Pb, bone Mn showed no evidence of accumulation over the lifespan, and may not be a biomarker of cumulative long-term exposure. Thus, bone may be a useful biomarker of recent ongoing Mn exposure in humans, and may be a relatively minor target of elevated exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis E Conley
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA.
| | - Cardius Richardson
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Juan Pacheco
- Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Neil Dave
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Thomas Jursa
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Stefano Guazzetti
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University of Brescia, Spedali Civili 1, 25125, Brescia, Italy
| | - Roberto G Lucchini
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University of Brescia, Spedali Civili 1, 25125, Brescia, Italy; Department of Environmental Health, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33139, USA
| | - Scott Fendorf
- Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Robert O Ritchie
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Donald R Smith
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA.
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Xue Z, Li L. Rapid and green detection of manganese in electrolytes by ultraviolet-visible spectrometry to control pollutant discharge. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0264532. [PMID: 35213674 PMCID: PMC8880954 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Controlling the manganese (Mn2+) concentration is important to product quality in the electrolytic manganese industry. Conventional methods for detecting Mn2+ are complex and reagent-consuming, which makes them slow and polluting. It is of great significance to develop a new fast and environmentally friendly method to quantify Mn2+ in electrolyte. The characteristic ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) absorbance at 401 nm of Mn2+ will vary linearly with the Mn2+ concentration after data correction. Adjusting the pH, calibrating the spectral bandwidth (SBW) and optical path length (OPL), and subtracting the interference from coexisting substances by linear interpolation improve the measuring accuracy. Mn2+ concentration can be determined by direct fast UV-vis absorbance measurement at characteristic peaks without using harmful reagents which facilitates such measurement to be applicated as on-line detection method for electrolytic manganese industry. The method developed in this study will help achieve the goal of improving the detection speed while cutting back on pollutant discharge from concentration analysis process in electrolytic manganese industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhehua Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail:
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Gurol KC, Aschner M, Smith DR, Mukhopadhyay S. Role of excretion in manganese homeostasis and neurotoxicity: a historical perspective. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2022; 322:G79-G92. [PMID: 34786983 PMCID: PMC8714252 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00299.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The essential metal manganese (Mn) induces incurable neurotoxicity at elevated levels that manifests as parkinsonism in adults and fine motor and executive function deficits in children. Studies on Mn neurotoxicity have largely focused on the role and mechanisms of disease induced by elevated Mn exposure from occupational or environmental sources. In contrast, the critical role of excretion in regulating Mn homeostasis and neurotoxicity has received less attention although 1) studies on Mn excretion date back to the 1920s; 2) elegant radiotracer Mn excretion assays in the 1940s to 1960s established the routes of Mn excretion; and 3) studies on patients with liver cirrhosis in the 1990s to 2000s identified an association between decreased Mn excretion and the risk of developing Mn-induced parkinsonism in the absence of elevated Mn exposure. Notably, the last few years have seen renewed interest in Mn excretion largely driven by the discovery that hereditary Mn neurotoxicity due to mutations in SLC30A10 or SLC39A14 is caused, at least in part, by deficits in Mn excretion. Quite remarkably, some of the recent results on SLC30A10 and SLC39A14 provide explanations for observations made ∼40-50 years ago. The goal of the current review is to integrate the historic studies on Mn excretion with more contemporary recent work and provide a comprehensive state-of-the-art overview of Mn excretion and its role in regulating Mn homeostasis and neurotoxicity. A related goal is to discuss the significance of some of the foundational studies on Mn excretion so that these highly consequential earlier studies remain influential in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerem C. Gurol
- 1Division of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, and Institute for Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Michael Aschner
- 2Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Donald R. Smith
- 3Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Santa Cruz, California
| | - Somshuvra Mukhopadhyay
- 1Division of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, and Institute for Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW At elevated levels, the essential element manganese (Mn) is neurotoxic and increasing evidence indicates that environmental Mn exposure early in life negatively affects neurodevelopment. In this review, we describe how underlying genetics may confer susceptibility to elevated Mn concentrations and how the epigenetic effects of Mn may explain the association between Mn exposure early in life and its toxic effects later in life. RECENT FINDINGS Common polymorphisms in the Mn transporter genes SLC30A10 and SLC39A8 seem to have a large impact on intracellular Mn levels and, in turn, neurotoxicity. Genetic variation in iron regulatory genes may to lesser extent also influence Mn levels and toxicity. Recent studies on Mn and epigenetic mechanisms indicate that Mn-related changes in DNA methylation occur early in life. One human and two animal studies found persistent changes from in utero exposure to Mn but whether these changes have functional effects remains unknown. Genetics seems to play a major role in susceptibility to Mn toxicity and should therefore be considered in risk assessment. Mn appears to interfere with epigenetic processes, potentially leading to persistent changes in developmental programming, which warrants further study.
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Impacts of a perinatal exposure to manganese coupled with maternal stress in rats: Maternal somatic measures and the postnatal growth and development of rat offspring. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2021; 90:107061. [PMID: 34971732 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2021.107061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Psychological stress experienced by the mother during pregnancy has been associated with emotional and cognitive disorders in children such as depression and anxiety. Socioeconomically disadvantaged populations are vulnerable to adverse life experiences and can also be disproportionally exposed to environmental contaminants. To better understand the neurodevelopmental impacts of an environmental toxicant coupled with elevated psychological stress, we exposed pregnant rats to a series of perinatal stressors. Manganese (Mn), a neurotoxicant at excessive concentrations was delivered through drinking water (0, 2, or 4 mg/mL) from gestational day (GD) 7 to postnatal day (PND) 22. A variable stress paradigm was applied to half of the animals from GD13 to PND9. Measurements of somatic development and behavior were examined in the offspring at different developmental stages. No evidence of overt maternal toxicity was observed although the 4 mg/mL Mn-exposed dams gained less body weight during gestation compared to the other dams. Stress also reduced gestational maternal weight gain. Daily fluid consumption normalized for body weight was decreased in the Mn-exposed dams in a dose-dependent manner but was not altered by the stress paradigm. Maternal stress and/or Mn exposure did not affect litter size or viability, but pup weight was significantly reduced in the 4 mg/mL Mn-exposed groups on PNDs 9 through 34 when compared to the other offspring groups. The efficacy of the manipulations to increase maternal stress levels was determined using serum corticosterone as a biomarker. The baseline concentration was established prior to treatment (GD7) and levels were low and similar in all treatment groups. Corticosterone levels were elevated in the perinatal-stress groups compared to the no-stress groups, regardless of Mn exposure, on subsequent time points (GD16, PND9), but were only significantly different on GD16. An analysis of tissue concentrations revealed Mn was elevated similarly in the brain and blood of offspring at PND2 and at PND22 in a significant dose-dependent pattern. Dams also showed a dose-dependent increase in Mn concentrations in the brain and blood; the addition of stress increased the Mn concentrations in the maternal blood but not the brain. Perinatal stress did not alter the effects of Mn on the maternal or offspring somatic endpoints described here.
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Yao W, Gallagher DL, Dietrich AM. Risks to children from inhalation of aerosolized aqueous manganese emitted from ultrasonic humidifiers can be greater than for corresponding ingestion. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 207:117760. [PMID: 34800908 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The essential trace element manganese (Mn) can cause neurotoxicity with inhalation acknowledged as a more severe health and cognition threat than ingestion. METHODS Over a range of aqueous Mn concentrations present in tap water, this research characterizes exposures and risks for adults and 0.25, 1, 2.5, and 6 yr old children who ingest the water and inhale respirable particles produced by a room-sized ultrasonic humidifier filled with the same water. Aqueous Mn concentrations evaluated included 50 µg/L USEPA esthetic guideline, 80 µg/L WHO infant guideline, and 120 µg/L Canadian regulatory level. Airborne-particle-bound Mn concentrations were generated for water filling an ultrasonic humidifier under four realistic room conditions (33 m3 small or 72 m3 large) with varying ventilation rates from 0.2/h -1.5/h. Average daily doses (ADD) and reference intake doses were calculated for ingestion and 8-h inhalation of humidified air. Hazard quotients (HQ) compared the intake doses and reference doses. Multi-path particle dosimetry (MPPD) model quantified the particle deposition and deposited dose in children's and adults' respiratory tracts. RESULTS At only 11 µg/L Mn, the resulting humidified air Mn exceeds USEPA's reference concentration of 0.05 µg/m3 Mn in small room with low, energy-efficient ventilation. Inhalation ADD are 2 magnitudes lower than ingestion ADD for identical water Mn concentrations and daily exposure frequency. Even so, ingestion HQs are approximately 0.2 but inhalation risk is significant (HQ>1) for children and adults when breathing Mn-humidified air under most small room conditions at 50, 80 or 120 µg/L Mn. MPPD model indicates inhaled Mn deposits in head and pulmonary regions, with greater Mn dose deposits in children than adults. CONCLUSION Inhalation of Mn-particles produced from ultrasonic humidifiers can pose greater risks than ingestion at the same water concentration, especially for children. Aqueous Mn concentration and room size influence risks. Limiting manganese exposures and setting regulations requires consideration of both ingestion and inhalation of water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenchuo Yao
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, 413 Durham Hall, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Daniel L Gallagher
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, 413 Durham Hall, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Andrea M Dietrich
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, 413 Durham Hall, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States.
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Sears L, Myers JV, Sears CG, Brock GN, Zhang C, Zierold KM. Manganese body burden in children is associated with reduced visual motor and attention skills. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2021; 88:107021. [PMID: 34428495 PMCID: PMC8578377 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2021.107021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is an essential element, however, children with moderate to high Mn exposure can exhibit neurobehavioral impairments. One way Mn appears to affect brain function is through altering dopaminergic systems involved with motor and cognitive control including frontal - striatal brain systems. Based on the risk for motor and attention problems, we evaluated neurobehavioral function in 255 children at risk for Mn exposure due to living in proximity to coal ash storage sites. Proton Induced X-ray Emissions (PIXE) analysis was conducted on finger and toenails samples. Multiple neuropsychological tests were completed with the children. Fifty-five children had Mn concentrations above the limit of detection (LOD) (median concentration = 3.95 ppm). Children with detectable Mn concentrations had reduced visual motor skills (β = -5.62, CI: -9.11, -2.12, p = 0.008) and more problems with sustained attention, based on incorrect responses on a computerized attention test, (β = 0.40, CI: 0.21, 0.59, p < 0.001) compared with children who had Mn concentrations below the LOD. Findings suggest that Mn exposure impacts attention and motor control possibly due to neurotoxicity involving basal ganglia and forebrain regions. Visual-motor and attention tests may provide a sensitive measure of Mn neurotoxicity, useful for evaluating the effects of exposure in children and leading to better treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lonnie Sears
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA..
| | - John V Myers
- Department of Biomedical Informatics and Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - Clara G Sears
- Division of Environmental Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.
| | - Guy N Brock
- Department of Biomedical Informatics and Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - Charlie Zhang
- Department of Geography & Geosciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.
| | - Kristina M Zierold
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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Habrat B, Silczuk A, Klimkiewicz A. Manganese Encephalopathy Caused by Homemade Methcathinone (Ephedrone) Prevalence in Poland. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13103496. [PMID: 34684497 PMCID: PMC8539983 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Manganese encephalopathy is a known disorder in occupational medicine. A serious phenomenon has been the emergence of manganese encephalopathy in intravenous users of homemade methcathinone (ephedrone). A short survey was developed for clinical environments dealing with people who use psychoactive substances. The data were obtained from 72 rehabilitation therapy centers. Surveys carried out in about a third of Polish centers dealing with providing medical assistance to people addicted to substances other than alcohol and tobacco have shown that over 4% of people treated there had symptoms of manganese encephalopathy, of which more than half are people in whom the probability of a clinical diagnosis of this disorder is significant. It has been shown that knowledge of manganese encephalopathy is none or minimal in more than 70% of the surveyed institutions. An urgent need for personnel training in this field was pointed out. Attention was paid to the importance of disseminating good review articles on new and dynamically developing problem phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogusław Habrat
- Department of Prevention and Treatment of Addictions, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, 02-957 Warsaw, Poland; (B.H.); (A.S.)
| | - Andrzej Silczuk
- Department of Prevention and Treatment of Addictions, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, 02-957 Warsaw, Poland; (B.H.); (A.S.)
- Department of Public Health, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Klimkiewicz
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence:
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