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Zhou X, Wei C, Chen Z, Xia X, Wang L, Li X. Potential mechanisms of ischemic stroke induced by heat exposure. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 952:175815. [PMID: 39197783 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 08/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024]
Abstract
Recent decades of epidemiological and clinical research have suggested that heat exposure could be a potential risk factor for ischemic stroke. Despite climate factors having a minor impact on individuals compared with established risk factors such as smoking, their widespread and persistent effects significantly affect public health. The mechanisms by which heat exposure triggers ischemic stroke are currently unclear. However, several potential mechanisms, such as the impact of temperature variability on stroke risk factors, inflammation, oxidative stress, and coagulation system changes, have been proposed. This article details the potential mechanisms by which heat exposure may induce ischemic stroke, aiming to guide the prevention and treatment of high-risk groups in hot climates and support public health policy development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chanjuan Wei
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhuangzhuang Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoshuang Xia
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; Department of Geriatrics, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
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Yang S, Ghadikolaei MA, Gali NK, Xu Z, Chu M, Qin X, Ning Z. Evaluating methods for marine fuel sulfur content using microsensor sniffing systems on ocean-going vessels. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 942:173765. [PMID: 38844224 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Establishing emission control areas (ECAs) can effectively reduce air pollution from marine emissions, making efficient monitoring of the fuel sulfur content (FSC) of ocean-going vessels (OGVs) key to ECA policy enforcement. Various FSC detection approaches, including oil sample analysis, sniffing method, and optical remote sensing, have been proposed, each with its benefits and drawbacks. Among these, the sniffing method appears promising but requires further improvement in field operation protocol and data analysis processes. This study aims to develop a comprehensive methodology, including sensor calibration, field operations, and data analysis, to enhance the performance of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)-based Microsensor Sniffing System (MSS) for real-time FSC monitoring. Hong Kong has a cap of 0.5 % m/m FSC for OGVs, and hence Hong Kong waters served as the "real-world" monitoring location to evaluate the MSS system through land-based and sea-based measurements. Three different FSC calculation methods were employed and verified against bunker delivery note (BDN) data through blind testing. Results confirm that the MSS is effective in field settings, though it has an underestimation tendency, demonstrating an absolute error of 0.06 % m/m, 0.11 % m/m, and 0.10 % m/m for the Crest, Slope, and Area methods, respectively, compared to BDN data. However, high errors were possible with low CO2 and SO2 peak heights, and single-peak samples compared to multi-peak samples. Over 16 successful trips, the FSC of 125 valid OGVs (Mean FSC = 0.39 % m/m) exhibited a lognormal distribution pattern, with the distribution tail approaching the 0.5 % m/m regulatory cap. This investigation highlights the potential of a UAV-based MSS for monitoring and enforcing FSC regulations within ECAs, providing a systematic protocol to guide future research direction and enforcement practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyi Yang
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Meisam Ahmadi Ghadikolaei
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Nirmal Kumar Gali
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhefeng Xu
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mengyuan Chu
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaoliang Qin
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhi Ning
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China.
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Sinjari B, Santilli M, Di Carlo P, Aruffo E, Caputi S. The Correlation between Oral Health and Air Pollution: A Systematic Review. Dent J (Basel) 2024; 12:215. [PMID: 39057002 PMCID: PMC11275324 DOI: 10.3390/dj12070215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This systematic review assessed to evaluate the potential correlation between oral health and air pollution. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first systematic review endeavoring to compare air pollution and oral health. A systematic search was performed according to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses) statement and employed the PICO(S) approach (Patient or Population, Intervention, Control or Comparison, Outcome, and Study types). The search was limited to English-language articles, and publications within a 15-year timeframe were included in the electronic search. A comprehensive search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science databases, spanning the years 2008 to 2023, resulting in a total of 4983 scientific articles. A final selection of 11 scientific papers was made based on their study type and the specific air pollutants examined. The selected papers analyzed various air pollutants associated with health-related diseases, including Ozone, Nitrogen Dioxide, Nitrogen Monoxide, Carbon Monoxide, sulfur dioxide, and particulate matter. Three out of eleven of the reviewed studies assert a strong correlation between air pollutants and oral diseases, specifically periodontitis. However, the exact biological mechanisms underlying this correlation do not seem to be fully understood, indicating the need for further comprehensive investigation in this regard. Dentists can contribute to the collective effort by educating their patients about the oral health implications of air pollution, thereby supporting initiatives aimed at promoting environmental and health sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Sinjari
- Unit of Prostodontics, Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (M.S.); (S.C.)
| | - Manlio Santilli
- Unit of Prostodontics, Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (M.S.); (S.C.)
| | - Piero Di Carlo
- Center of Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University of “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (P.D.C.); (E.A.)
| | - Eleonora Aruffo
- Center of Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University of “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (P.D.C.); (E.A.)
| | - Sergio Caputi
- Unit of Prostodontics, Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (M.S.); (S.C.)
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Ahn Y, Kang Y, Kye H, Kim MS, Lee WH, Kim BG. Exploring Pore Formation and Gas Sensing Kinetics Using Conjugated Polymer-Small Molecule Blends. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:31719-31728. [PMID: 38836704 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c03107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Controlling miscibility between mixture components helps induce spontaneous phase separation into distinct domain sizes, thereby resulting in porous conjugated polymer (CP) films with different pore sizes after selective removal of auxiliary components. The miscibility of the CP mixture can be tailored by blending auxiliary model components designed by reflecting the difference in solubility parameters with the CP. The pore size increases as the difference in solubility parameters between the matrix CP and auxiliary component increases. Electrical properties are not critically damaged even after forming pores in the CP; however, excessive pore formation enables pores to spread to the vicinity of the dielectric layer of CP-based field-effect transistors (FETs), leading to partial loss of the carrier-transporting active channel in the FET. The porous structure is advantageous for not only increasing detection sensitivity but also improving the detection speed when porous CP films are applied to FET-based gas sensors for NO2 detection. The quantitative analysis of the response-recovery trend of the FET sensor using the Langmuir isotherm suggests that the response speed can be improved by more than 2.5 times with a 50-fold increase in NO2 sensitivity compared with pristine CP, which has no pores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yejin Ahn
- Department of Organic and Nano System Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeongkwon Kang
- Department of Organic and Nano System Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyojin Kye
- Department of Organic and Nano System Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Seon Kim
- Department of Organic and Nano System Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Wi Hyoung Lee
- Department of Organic and Nano System Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
- Division of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-Gi Kim
- Department of Organic and Nano System Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
- Division of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
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Recum P, Hirsch T. Graphene-based chemiresistive gas sensors. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 6:11-31. [PMID: 38125587 PMCID: PMC10729924 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00423f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Gas sensors allow the monitoring of the chemical environment of humans, which is often crucial for their wellbeing or even survival. Miniaturization, reversibility, and selectivity are some of the key challenges for serial use of chemical sensors. This tutorial review describes critical aspects when using nanomaterials as sensing substrates for the application in chemiresistive gas sensors. Graphene has been shown to be a promising candidate, as it allows gas sensors to be operated at room temperature, possibly saving large amounts of energy. In this review, an overview is given on the general mechanisms for gas-sensitive semiconducting materials and the implications of doping and functionalization on the sensing parameters of chemiresistive devices. It shows in detail how different challenges, like sensitivity, response time, reversibility and selectivity have been approached by material development and operation modes. In addition, perspectives from the area of data analysis and intelligent algorithms are presented, which can further enhance these sensors' usability in the field.
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Yıldırım E. The relationship between PM 10 and SO 2 exposure and Covid-19 infection rates in Turkey using nomenclature of territorial units for statistics level 1 regions. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21795. [PMID: 38034777 PMCID: PMC10682619 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The Covid-19 pandemic, which has been affecting the world since December 2019, has become one of the biggest problems of the 21st century. There are studies stating that the contagiousness of the Covid-19 pandemic, which is transmitted from person to person, increases more with environmental factors such as air pollution, and accordingly, there is an increase in the number of cases. In this study, a panel regression model to investigate the effect of air pollution concentrations such as PM10 and SO2 as environmental factors and population density on the monthly mean number of Covid-19 cases for 12 regions at the nomenclature of territorial units for statistics (NUTS) level 1 in Turkey between June 2020 and November 2020, and a linear regression model to investigate the effect at the regional level. we used. Based on the model results, we concluded that a small increase in air pollution indicators led to an increase in the number of Covid-19 cases in Turkey and its regions. It is very important to identify preventable environmental factors in order to prevent and minimize the effects of respiratory tract diseases and rapidly spreading pandemic diseases such as Covid-19. Accordingly, we can conclude that countries should take some measures, especially on air pollution, in order to develop public health and pandemic/disease management strategies and to reduce the risk of respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Yıldırım
- Department of Statistics and Quality Coordinator, Konya Technical University, 42250, Konya, Turkey
- Department of Statistics, Hacettepe University, 06800, Ankara, Turkey
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Jia Y, Lin Z, He Z, Li C, Zhang Y, Wang J, Liu F, Li J, Huang K, Cao J, Gong X, Lu X, Chen S. Effect of Air Pollution on Heart Failure: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2023; 131:76001. [PMID: 37399145 PMCID: PMC10317211 DOI: 10.1289/ehp11506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heart failure (HF) poses a significant global disease burden. The current evidence on the impact of air pollution on HF remains inconsistent. OBJECTIVES We aimed to conduct a systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis to provide a more comprehensive and multiperspective assessment of the associations between short- and long-term air pollution exposure and HF from epidemiological evidences. METHODS Three databases were searched up to 31 August 2022 for studies investigating the association between air pollutants (PM 2.5 , PM 10 , NO 2 , SO 2 , CO, O 3 ) and HF hospitalization, incidence, or mortality. A random effects model was used to derive the risk estimations. Subgroup analysis was conducted by geographical location, age of participants, outcome, study design, covered area, the methods of exposure assessment, and the length of exposure window. Sensitivity analysis and adjustment for publication bias were performed to test the robustness of the results. RESULTS Of 100 studies covering 20 countries worldwide, 81 were for short-term and 19 were for long-term exposure. Almost all air pollutants were adversely associated with the risk of HF in both short- and long-term exposure studies. For short-term exposures, we found the risk of HF increased by 1.8% [relative risk ( RR ) = 1.018 , 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.011, 1.025] and 1.6% (RR = 1.016 , 95% CI: 1.011, 1.020) per 10 - μ g / m 3 increment of PM 2.5 and PM 10 , respectively. HF was also significantly associated with NO 2 , SO 2 , and CO, but not O 3 . Positive associations were stronger when exposure was considered over the previous 2 d (lag 0-1) rather than on the day of exposure only (lag 0). For long-term exposures, there were significant associations between several air pollutants and HF with RR (95% CI) of 1.748 (1.112, 2.747) per 10 - μ g / m 3 increment in PM 2.5 , 1.212 (1.010, 1.454) per 10 - μ g / m 3 increment in PM 10 , and 1.204 (1.069, 1.356) per 10 -ppb increment in NO 2 , respectively. The adverse associations of most pollutants with HF were greater in low- and middle-income countries than in high-income countries. Sensitivity analysis demonstrated the robustness of our results. DISCUSSION Available evidence highlighted adverse associations between air pollution and HF regardless of short- and long-term exposure. Air pollution is still a prevalent public health issue globally and sustained policies and actions are called for to reduce the burden of HF. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP11506.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Jia
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College/National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Zhennan Lin
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College/National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi He
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College/National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Chenyang Li
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College/National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Youjing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College/National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Jingyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College/National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Fangchao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College/National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Jianxin Li
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College/National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Keyong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College/National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Cao
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College/National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyuan Gong
- Department of Science and Education, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiangfeng Lu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College/National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Shufeng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College/National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, China
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Gao P, Wu Y, He L, Wang L, Fu Y, Chen J, Zhang F, Krafft T, Martens P. Adverse short-term effects of ozone on cardiovascular mortalities modified by season and temperature: a time-series study. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1182337. [PMID: 37361179 PMCID: PMC10288843 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1182337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Ambient ozone pollution becomes critical in China. Conclusions on the short-term effects of ozone on cardiovascular mortality have been controversial and limited on cause-specific cardiovascular mortalities and their interactions with season and temperature. This research aimed to investigate the short-term effects of ozone and the modifications of season and temperature on cardiovascular mortality. Methods Cardiovascular death records, air pollutants, and meteorological factors in Shenzhen from 2013 to 2019 were analyzed. Daily 1-h maximum of ozone and daily maximum 8-h moving average of ozone were studied. Generalized additive models (GAMs) were applied to evaluate their associations with cardiovascular mortalities in sex and age groups. Effect modifications were assessed by stratifying season and temperature. Results Distributed lag impacts of ozone on total cardiovascular deaths and cumulative effects on mortality due to ischemic heart disease (IHD) were most significant. Population under 65 years old was most susceptible. Majority of significant effects were found in warm season, at high temperature, and at extreme heat. Ozone-associated risks in total deaths caused by hypertensive diseases reduced in warm season, while risks in IHD in males increased at high temperature. Extreme heat enhanced ozone effects on deaths caused by CVDs and IHD in the population under 65 years old. Discussion The revealed cardiovascular impacts of ozone below current national standard of air quality suggested improved standards and interventions in China. Higher temperature, particularly extreme heat, rather than warm season, could significantly enhance the adverse effects of ozone on cardiovascular mortality in population under 65 years old.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panjun Gao
- Department of Health, Ethics and Society, Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Yongsheng Wu
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lihuan He
- China National Environmental Monitoring Centre, Beijing, China
| | - Li Wang
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yingbin Fu
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jinrong Chen
- China National Environmental Monitoring Centre, Beijing, China
| | - Fengying Zhang
- China National Environmental Monitoring Centre, Beijing, China
| | - Thomas Krafft
- Department of Health, Ethics and Society, Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Pim Martens
- University College Venlo, Maastricht University, Venlo, Netherlands
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Yang L, Zhu Y, Zhao B, Wan W, Shi S, Xuan C, Yu C, Mao W, Yan J. Long-term cardiometabolic effects of ambient ozone pollution in a large Chinese population. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 261:115115. [PMID: 37295302 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Limited studies investigated the effects of long-term ozone exposure on cardiometabolic health. We aimed to examine the association of long-term ozone exposure with a range of cardiometabolic diseases, as well as the subclinical indicators in Eastern China. The study included 202,042 adults living in 11 prefecture-level areas in Zhejiang Province between 2014 and 2021. Using a satellite-based model with a 1 × 1 km spatial resolution, we estimated residential 5-year average ozone exposures for each subject. Mixed-effects logistic and linear regression models were applied to explore the associations of ozone exposure with cardiometabolic diseases and subclinical indicators, respectively. We found that a 9% [95% confidence interval (95% CI): 7-12%] higher in odds of cardiometabolic disease per 10 μg/m3 increase in ozone exposure. Specifically, we also found higher prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (15%), stroke (19%), hypertension (7%), dyslipidemia (15%), and hypertriglyceridemia (9%) associated with ozone exposure. However, we did not find significant associations between ozone exposure and coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction, or diabetes mellitus. Long-term ozone exposures were also significantly associated with adverse changes in systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, total serum cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, glucose concentration, and body mass index. Our results showed that people with lower education levels, those over 50 years old, and those who were overweight or obese were more susceptible to the effects of ozone on cardiometabolic diseases. Our findings demonstrated the detrimental effects of long-term ozone exposure on cardiometabolic health, emphasizing the need for ozone control strategies to reduce the burden of cardiometabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yang
- Zhejiang Provincial Research Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yixiang Zhu
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bowen Zhao
- The First Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenjing Wan
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Su Shi
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng Xuan
- Chronic Disease Control Department, Zhuji Second People's Hospital, Zhuji, Zhejiang, China
| | - Caiyan Yu
- Chronic Disease Control Department, Zhuji Second People's Hospital, Zhuji, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Mao
- Zhejiang Provincial Research Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Jing Yan
- Zhejiang Provincial Research Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Cao X, You X, Wang D, Qiu W, Guo Y, Zhou M, Chen W, Zhang X. Short-term effects of ambient ozone exposure on daily hospitalizations for circulatory diseases in Ganzhou, China: A time-series study. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 327:138513. [PMID: 36990357 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Adverse health effects of ambient ozone are getting widespread attention, but the evidence on the relationship between ozone levels and circulatory system diseases are limited and inconsistent. Daily data for ambient ozone levels and hospitalizations for total circulatory diseases and five subtypes in Ganzhou, China from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2020 were collected. We constructed a generalized additive model with quasi-Poisson regression accounting for lag effects to estimate the associations between ambient ozone levels and the number of hospitalized cases of total circulatory diseases and five subtypes. The differences among gender, age, and season subgroups were furtherly assessed through stratified analysis. A total of 201,799 hospitalized cases of total circulatory diseases were included in the present study, including 94,844 hypertension (HBP), 28,597 coronary heart disease (CHD), 42,120 cerebrovascular disease (CEVD), 21,636 heart failure (HF), and 14,602 arrhythmia. Significantly positive associations were observed between ambient ozone levels and daily hospitalizations for total circulatory diseases and all subtypes except arrhythmia. Each 10 μg/m3 increase in ozone concentration, the risk of hospitalizations for total circulatory diseases, HBP, CHD, CEVD, and HF increased by 0.718% (95% confidence interval, 0.156%-1.284%), 0.956% (0.346%-1.570%), 0.499% (0.057%-0.943%), 0.386% (0.025%-0.748%), and 0.907% (0.118%-1.702%), respectively. The above associations remained significant after adjusting for other air pollutants. The risk of hospitalization for circulatory diseases was higher in warm season (May to October) and varied in gender and age subgroups. This study suggested that short-term exposure to ambient ozone may increase the risk of hospitalizations for circulatory diseases. Our findings reinforce the importance of reducing ambient ozone pollution levels for protecting public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuyu Cao
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Xiaojie You
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Dongming Wang
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Weihong Qiu
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China; Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - You Guo
- First Affiliated Hospital, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China; School of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Min Zhou
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Weihong Chen
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China.
| | - Xiaokang Zhang
- First Affiliated Hospital, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China; School of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
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11
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Leirião L, de Oliveira M, Martins T, Miraglia S. A Multi-Pollutant and Meteorological Analysis of Cardiorespiratory Mortality among the Elderly in São Paulo, Brazil-An Artificial Neural Networks Approach. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:ijerph20085458. [PMID: 37107740 PMCID: PMC10138542 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20085458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Traditionally, studies that associate air pollution with health effects relate individual pollutants to outcomes such as mortality or hospital admissions. However, models capable of analyzing the effects resulting from the atmosphere mixture are demanded. In this study, multilayer perceptron neural networks were evaluated to associate PM10, NO2, and SO2 concentrations, temperature, wind speed, and relative air humidity with cardiorespiratory mortality among the elderly in São Paulo, Brazil. Daily data from 2007 to 2019 were considered and different numbers of neurons on the hidden layer, algorithms, and a combination of activation functions were tested. The best-fitted artificial neural network (ANN) resulted in a MAPE equal to 13.46%. When individual season data were analyzed, the MAPE decreased to 11%. The most influential variables in cardiorespiratory mortality among the elderly were PM10 and NO2 concentrations. The relative humidity variable is more important during the dry season, and temperature is more important during the rainy season. The models were not subjected to the multicollinearity issue as with classical regression models. The use of ANNs to relate air quality to health outcomes is still very incipient, and this work highlights that it is a powerful tool that should be further explored.
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12
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Raza T, Shehzad M, Abbas M, Eash NS, Jatav HS, Sillanpaa M, Flynn T. Impact assessment of COVID-19 global pandemic on water, environment, and humans. ENVIRONMENTAL ADVANCES 2023; 11:100328. [PMID: 36532331 PMCID: PMC9741497 DOI: 10.1016/j.envadv.2022.100328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
One of the most significant threats to global health since the Second World War is the COVID-19 pandemic. Due to COVID-19 widespread social, environmental, economic, and health concerns. Other unfavourable factors also emerged, including increased trash brought on by high consumption of packaged foods, takeout meals, packaging from online shopping, and the one-time use of plastic products. Due to labour shortages and residents staying at home during mandatory lockdowns, city municipal administrations' collection and recycling capacities have decreased, frequently damaging the environment (air, water, and soil) and ecological and human systems. The COVID-19 challenges are more pronounced in unofficial settlements of developing nations, particularly for developing nations of the world, as their fundamental necessities, such as air quality, water quality, trash collection, sanitation, and home security, are either non-existent or difficult to obtain. According to reports, during the pandemic's peak days (20 August 2021 (741 K cases), 8 million tonnes of plastic garbage were created globally, and 25 thousand tonnes of this waste found its way into the ocean. This thorough analysis attempts to assess the indirect effects of COVID-19 on the environment, human systems, and water quality that pose dangers to people and potential remedies. Strong national initiatives could facilitate international efforts to attain environmental sustainability goals. Significant policies should be formulated like good quality air, pollution reduction, waste management, better sanitation system, and personal hygiene. This review paper also elaborated that further investigations are needed to investigate the magnitude of impact and other related factors for enhancement of human understanding of ecosystem to manage the water, environment and human encounter problems during epidemics/pandemics in near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taqi Raza
- Department of Biosystems Engineering & Soil Science, University of Tennessee, USA
| | | | - Mazahir Abbas
- Department of Bioscience, University of Wah Cantt, Quaid Avenue, Wah Cantt 47040, Pakistan
| | - Neal S Eash
- Department of Biosystems Engineering & Soil Science, University of Tennessee, USA
| | - Hanuman Singh Jatav
- Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Sri Karan Narendra Agriculture University, Rajasthan 303329, India
- Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Mika Sillanpaa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Mining, Metallurgy and Chemical Engineering, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa
| | - Trevan Flynn
- Department of Horticulture and Natural Resources, University of Bonn, Germany
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13
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Li B, Huang J, Zhang Y. The impacts of air pollution on immigrants' settlement intention in China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:46587-46603. [PMID: 36719576 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25149-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This paper investigates the impacts of air pollution on immigrants' willingness to settle in China. We construct a theoretical model that discusses how air pollution impacts immigrants' willingness to return home and move to other cities and illustrates how air pollution decreases the settlement intention of immigrants. The empirical results show that urban air pollution decreases immigrants' settlement intention. Robustness checks using multi-methods and multi-measures of settlement intention and air pollution support this conclusion. Air pollution has heterogeneous impacts on immigrants' settlement intentions. From the individual level, air pollution decreases the settlement intention for immigrants with 30-60 years old, middle-income migrants, and rural migrants. From the city level, air pollution decreases the settlement intention of immigrants in the eastern region, developed cities, and cities with high and low air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoxi Li
- School of Business, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China.
- Antai College of Economics and Management, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
- Ant Group Research Institute, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jing Huang
- School of Business, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
- Research Center of Open Economy, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- School of Business, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
- Research Center of Open Economy, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
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14
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Nhung NTT, Hoang LT, Tuyet Hanh TT, Toan LQ, Thanh ND, Truong NX, Son NA, Nhat HV, Quyen NH, Nhu HV. Effects of Heatwaves on Hospital Admissions for Cardiovascular and Respiratory Diseases, in Southern Vietnam, 2010-2018: Time Series Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:ijerph20053908. [PMID: 36900919 PMCID: PMC10001990 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20053908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the associations between heatwaves and daily hospital admissions for cardiovascular and respiratory diseases in two provinces in Viet Nam known to be vulnerable to droughts during 2010-2018. This study applied a time series analysis with data extracted from the electronic database of provincial hospitals and meteorological stations from the corresponding province. To eliminate over-dispersion, this time series analysis used Quasi-Poisson regression. The models were controlled for the day of the week, holiday, time trend, and relative humidity. Heatwaves were defined as the maximum temperature exceeding P90th over the period from 2010 to 2018 during at least three consecutive days. Data from 31,191 hospital admissions for respiratory diseases and 29,056 hospitalizations for cardiovascular diseases were investigated in the two provinces. Associations between hospital admissions for respiratory diseases and heatwaves in Ninh Thuan were observed at lag 2, with excess risk (ER = 8.31%, 95% confidence interval: 0.64-16.55%). However, heatwaves were negatively associated with cardiovascular diseases in Ca Mau, which was determined amongst the elderly (age above 60), ER = -7.28%, 95%CI: -13.97--0.08%. Heatwaves can be a risk factor for hospital admission due to respiratory diseases in Vietnam. Further studies need to be conducted to assert the link between heat waves and cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Thi Trang Nhung
- Faculty of Fundamental Sciences, Hanoi University of Public Health, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam
| | - Le Tu Hoang
- Faculty of Fundamental Sciences, Hanoi University of Public Health, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam
| | - Tran Thi Tuyet Hanh
- Faculty of Environmental and Occupational Health, Hanoi University of Public Health, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam
| | - Luu Quoc Toan
- Faculty of Environmental and Occupational Health, Hanoi University of Public Health, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam
| | | | | | | | | | - Nguyen Huu Quyen
- Institute of Hydrology and Meteorology Science and Climate Change, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam
| | - Ha Van Nhu
- Faculty of Basic Medicine, Hanoi University of Public Health, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam
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15
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Yang YS, Pei YH, Gu YY, Zhu JF, Yu P, Chen XH. Association between short-term exposure to ambient air pollution and heart failure: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis of more than 7 million participants. Front Public Health 2023; 10:948765. [PMID: 36755739 PMCID: PMC9900180 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.948765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Exposure to air pollution has been linked to the mortality of heart failure. In this study, we sought to update the existing systematic review and meta-analysis, published in 2013, to further assess the association between air pollution and acute decompensated heart failure, including hospitalization and heart failure mortality. Methods PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, and OVID databases were systematically searched till April 2022. We enrolled the studies regarding air pollution exposure and heart failure and extracted the original data to combine and obtain an overall risk estimate for each pollutant. Results We analyzed 51 studies and 7,555,442 patients. Our results indicated that heart failure hospitalization or death was associated with increases in carbon monoxide (3.46% per 1 part per million; 95% CI 1.0233-1.046, P < 0.001), sulfur dioxide (2.20% per 10 parts per billion; 95% CI 1.0106-1.0335, P < 0.001), nitrogen dioxide (2.07% per 10 parts per billion; 95% CI 1.0106-1.0335, P < 0.001), and ozone (0.95% per 10 parts per billion; 95% CI 1.0024-1.0166, P < 0.001) concentrations. Increases in particulate matter concentration were related to heart failure hospitalization or death (PM2.5 1.29% per 10 μg/m3, 95% CI 1.0093-1.0165, P < 0.001; PM10 1.30% per 10 μg/m3, 95% CI 1.0102-1.0157, P < 0.001). Conclusion The increase in the concentration of all pollutants, including gases (carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, ozone) and particulate matter [(PM2.5), (PM10)], is positively correlated with hospitalization rates and mortality of heart failure. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, identifier: CRD42021256241.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-shan Yang
- First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China,Department of Cardiology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ying-hao Pei
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuan-yuan Gu
- First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China,Department of Cardiology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun-feng Zhu
- First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China,Department of Cardiology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peng Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China,*Correspondence: Peng Yu ✉
| | - Xiao-hu Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China,Xiao-hu Chen ✉
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16
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Mohammadian-Khoshnoud M, Habibi H, Manafi B, Safarpour G, Soltanian AR. Effects of Air Pollutant Exposure on Acute Myocardial Infarction. Heart Lung Circ 2023; 32:79-89. [PMID: 36428180 DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2022.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Air pollution is a consequence of industrial development that is exacerbated as a result of population growth, and urbanisation. AIM The goal of the study is to investigate the effects of air pollution on the number of cases of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) according to gender using the Zero-inflated Poisson Regression model in Hamadan, Iran. METHODS The study used an ecological design, and data collected from March 2016 to September 2020 in Hamadan were included. The intended response was the number of cases of AMI recorded in the investigated period. The time lag of the pollutants was used to investigate the effect of air pollution on the number of AMIs. RESULTS The number of AMI recorded for men and women was 1,195 and 553, respectively. The average age (±SD) for men and women was 64.60 (±12.27) and 70.98 (±11.79) years, respectively. According to the air quality index in Hamadan, the values of particulate matter < 2.5 μm (PM2.5), SO2, O3, and CO were below moderate levels. Also, according to NO2 and particulate matter between 25 μm-10 μm (PM10), the air quality index of Hamadan was in the very unhealthy mode just for 2 and 3 days, respectively. The O3 and NO2 are significant positive effects on AMI among men. But, PM2.5, PM10, and SO2 are negative impacts on hospitalisation in men due to AMI. For women, PM2.5 and O3 had positive effects on AMI. But, NO2 and PM10 had a significant negative impact on hospitalisation in women during different time lags. CONCLUSIONS The results of the study showed that if the analyses are based on gender, the responses to pollutants are different and hence the stratified analysis is important.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hossein Habibi
- Department of Environment, College of Basic Sciences, Hamedan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Babak Manafi
- Department of Heart Surgery, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Safarpour
- Department of Heart Surgery, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Ali Reza Soltanian
- Modeling of Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
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17
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Dehghani S, Vali M, Jafarian A, Oskoei V, Maleki Z, Hoseini M. Ecological study of ambient air pollution exposure and mortality of cardiovascular diseases in elderly. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21295. [PMID: 36494401 PMCID: PMC9734746 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24653-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As an independent risk factor, ambient air pollution can assume a considerable part in mortality and worsening of cardiovascular disease. We sought to investigate the association between long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and cardiovascular disease mortality and their risk factors in Iranian's elderly population. This inquiry was conducted ecologically utilizing recorded data on cardiovascular disease mortality from 1990 to 2019 for males and females aged 50 years or more from the Global Burden of Disease dataset. Data was interned into Joinpoint software 4.9.0.0 to present Annual Percent Change (APC), Average Annual Percent Change (AAPC), and its confidence intervals. The relationship between recorded data on ambient air pollution and cardiovascular disease' mortality, the prevalence of high systolic blood pressure, high LDL cholesterol levels, high body mass index, and diabetes mellitus type2 was investigated using the Spearman correlation test in R 3.5.0 software. Our finding demonstrated that cardiovascular diseases in elderly males and females in Iran had a general decreasing trend (AAPC = -0.77% and -0.65%, respectively). The results showed a positive correlation between exposure to ambient ozone pollution (p ≤ 0.001, r = 0.94) ambient particulate and air pollution (p < 0.001, r = 0.99) and mortality of cardiovascular disease. Also, ambient air pollution was positively correlated with high systolic blood pressure (p < 0.001, r = 0.98), high LDL cholesterol levels (p < 0.001, r = 0.97), high body mass index (p < 0.001, r = 0.91), diabetes mellitus type2 (p < 0.001, r = 0.77). Evidence from this study indicated that ambient air pollution, directly and indirectly, affects cardiovascular disease mortality in two ways by increasing the prevalence of some traditional cardiovascular disease risk factors. Evidence-based clinical and public health methodologies are necessary to decrease the burden of death and disability associated with cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Dehghani
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohebat Vali
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Arian Jafarian
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Vahide Oskoei
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Maleki
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hoseini
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Research Center for Health Sciences, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Razi Blvd, Kuye-Zahra Ave, Shiraz, 1417653861, Iran.
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18
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Li R, Chen G, Liu X, Pan M, Kang N, Hou X, Liao W, Dong X, Yuchi Y, Mao Z, Huo W, Wang X, Guo Y, Li S, Hou J, Wang C. Aging biomarkers: Potential mediators of association between long-term ozone exposure and risk of atherosclerosis. J Intern Med 2022; 292:512-522. [PMID: 35417071 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-term exposure to ambient ozone links to aging biomarkers and increased risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVD). However, the roles of aging biomarkers in the association of long-term exposure to ambient ozone with ASCVD are unclear. METHODS A total of 5298 participants completed the questionnaire and physical examination and provided biological specimens. Aging biomarkers (telomere length [TL] and mitochondrial copy number [mtDNA-CN]) were measured by using a real-time polymerase chain reaction method. The concentration of ambient ozone was assessed using a random forest model. Associations of ambient ozone or aging biomarkers with 10-year ASCVD risk were analyzed using logistic regression models. The roles of aging biomarkers in the association of ambient ozone exposure with 10-year ASCVD risk were explored by mediation analysis. RESULTS The adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence interval of high 10-year ASCVD risk were 1.16 (1.08, 1.25), 0.71 (0.60, 0.85), and 0.78 (0.64, 0.96) in association with each 1-unit increment in ambient ozone (1 μg/m3 ) concentration, relative TL, and mtDNA-CN, respectively. The mediated proportion of the association between ambient ozone exposure and high 10-year ASCVD risk by TL or mtDNA-CN was 21.13% or 7.75%, respectively. The total proportion of association between ambient ozone exposure and high 10-year ASCVD risk mediated by TL plus mtDNA-CN was 21.02%. CONCLUSIONS Long-term exposure to ambient ozone was associated with increased 10-year ASCVD risk, and the association was partially mediated by aging biomarkers (shortened TL and decreased mtDNA-CN). This study indicated that ambient ozone pollution-related ASCVD risk might be partially explained by the telomere-mitochondrial axis of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiying Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Gongbo Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Xiaotian Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Mingming Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Ning Kang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Xiaoyu Hou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Wei Liao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Xiaokang Dong
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Yinghao Yuchi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Zhenxing Mao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Wenqian Huo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Xian Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Yuming Guo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China.,Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Shanshan Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jian Hou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Chongjian Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
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19
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Zha Q, Chai G, Zhang ZG, Sha Y, Su Y. Short-term effects of main air pollutants exposure on LOS and costs of CVD hospital admissions from 30,959 cases among suburban farmers in Pingliang, Northwest China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:50819-50831. [PMID: 35239119 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-18870-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been the major contributor to global mortality and disability especially in undeveloped and developing countries/areas with severer air pollutions, studies are quite limited and evidence is insufficient of short-term main air pollutants exposure on health burden of CVD hospital admissions in those regions particularly through direct costs. METHOD Based on an analysis of 30,959 CVD hospital admissions among suburban farmers from 2018 to 2019 through multiple linear regression (MLR), our study evaluated the impact of main air pollutants (PM2.5, PM10, SO2, CO, NO2 and O3) exposure on number of cases, length of stay (LOS) and costs of CVD hospital admissions in Pingliang, China. RESULTS Concentration of SO2 and O3 rising from a low level was found to lower the costs, LOS and daily cases of CVD hospital admissions and PM2.5, PM10, CO and NO2 were found to aggravate the burden. Besides, the NO2 could put more economic stress on those CVD patients in Pingliang (China) which implies that some improvements could be done on public medical insurance policy and benefit local suburban farmers by strengthening the supports on specific drugs and therapies. CONCLUSIONS More efforts should be made to lower the concentration of air pollution by coordinated control managements even in a low-level scenario. Concentration levels and interactions between main air pollutants may play an important role in air pollution-induced CVD health burden. Future research is needed to explore more evidence in different areas, especially with low-level SO2 effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qunwu Zha
- School of Management, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
- Hospital Management Research Center, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
- Research Center for Emergency Management, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Guorong Chai
- School of Management, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China.
- Hospital Management Research Center, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China.
- Research Center for Emergency Management, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhe-George Zhang
- School of Management, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Decision Sciences, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA, 98225-9077, USA.
- Beedie School of Business, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada.
| | - Yongzhong Sha
- School of Management, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
- Hospital Management Research Center, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
- Research Center for Emergency Management, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yana Su
- School of Management, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
- College of Economics and Management, Lanzhou Institute of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, People's Republic of China
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Chang AY, Tan AX, Nadeau KC, Odden MC. Aging Hearts in a Hotter, More Turbulent World: The Impacts of Climate Change on the Cardiovascular Health of Older Adults. Curr Cardiol Rep 2022; 24:749-760. [PMID: 35438387 PMCID: PMC9017408 DOI: 10.1007/s11886-022-01693-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Climate change has manifested itself in multiple environmental hazards to human health. Older adults and those living with cardiovascular diseases are particularly susceptible to poor outcomes due to unique social, economic, and physiologic vulnerabilities. This review aims to summarize those vulnerabilities and the resultant impacts of climate-mediated disasters on the heart health of the aging population. RECENT FINDINGS Analyses incorporating a wide variety of environmental data sources have identified increases in cardiovascular risk factors, hospitalizations, and mortality from intensified air pollution, wildfires, heat waves, extreme weather events, rising sea levels, and pandemic disease. Older adults, especially those of low socioeconomic status or belonging to ethnic minority groups, bear a disproportionate health burden from these hazards. The worldwide trends responsible for global warming continue to worsen climate change-mediated natural disasters. As such, additional investigation will be necessary to develop personal and policy-level interventions to protect the cardiovascular wellbeing of our aging population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Y. Chang
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, 150 Governor’s Lane, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - Annabel X. Tan
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA
| | - Kari C. Nadeau
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, 150 Governor’s Lane, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
- Woods Institute for the Environment, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA
| | - Michelle C. Odden
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, 150 Governor’s Lane, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
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Rahman MM, Garcia E, Lim CC, Ghazipura M, Alam N, Palinkas LA, McConnell R, Thurston G. Temperature variability associations with cardiovascular and respiratory emergency department visits in Dhaka, Bangladesh. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 164:107267. [PMID: 35533532 PMCID: PMC11213361 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Greenhouse gas emissions are changing the Earth's climate, most directly by modifying temperatures and temperature variability (TV). Residents of low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are likely more adversely affected, due to lack of air conditioning to compensate. To date, there is no local epidemiological evidence documenting the cardio-respiratory health effects of TV in Dhaka, Bangladesh, one of the most climate change vulnerable cities in the world. OBJECTIVES We assessed short-term TV associations with daily cardiovascular disease (CVD) and respiratory emergency department (ED) visits, as well as effect modification by age and season. METHODS TV was calculated from the standard deviations of the daily minimum and maximum temperatures over exposure days. Time-series regression modeling was applied to daily ED visits for respiratory and CVD from January 2014 through December 2017. TV effect sizes were estimated after controlling for long-term trends and seasonality, day-of-week, holidays, and daily mean relative humidity and ambient temperature. RESULTS A 1 °C increase in TV was associated with a 1.00% (95 %CI: 0.05%, 1.96%) increase in CVD ED visits at lag 0-1 days (TV0-1) and a 2.77% (95 %CI: 0.24%, 5.20%) increase in respiratory ED visits at lag 0-7 days (TV0-7). TV-CVD associations were larger in the monsoon and cold seasons. Respiratory ED visit associations varied by age, with older adults more affected by the TV across all seasons. A 1 °C increase in TV at lag 0-7 days (TV0-7) was associated with a 7.45% (95 %CI: 2.33%, 12.57%) increase in respiratory ED visits among patients above 50 years of age. CONCLUSION This study provided novel and important evidence that cardio-pulmonary health in Dhaka is adversely affected year-round by day-to-day increases in TV, especially among older adults. TV is a key factor that should be considered in evaluating the potential human health impacts of climate change induced temperature changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Mostafijur Rahman
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Erika Garcia
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Chris C Lim
- Department of Community, Environment, and Policy at the Mel & Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Marya Ghazipura
- New York University Langone Health, Department of Population Health, New York, NY; ZS Associates, Global Health Economics and Outcomes Research, New York, NY
| | - Nur Alam
- Department of Cardiology, National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Lawrence A Palinkas
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Suzanne Dworak Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rob McConnell
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - George Thurston
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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Estimation of Daily and Instantaneous Near-Surface Air Temperature from MODIS Data Using Machine Learning Methods in the Jingjinji Area of China. REMOTE SENSING 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/rs14081916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Meteorologically observed air temperature (Ta) is limited due to low density and uneven distribution that leads to uncertain accuracy. Therefore, remote sensing data have been widely used to estimate near-surface Ta on various temporal scales due to their spatially continuous characteristics. However, few studies have focused on instantaneous Ta when satellites overpass. This study aims to produce both daily and instantaneous Ta datasets at 1 km resolution for the Jingjinji area, China during 2018–2019, using machine learning methods based on remote sensing data, dense meteorological observation station data, and auxiliary data (such as elevation and normalized difference vegetation index). Newly released Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Collection 6 surface Downward Shortwave Radiation (DSR) was introduced to improve the accuracy of Ta estimation. Five machine learning algorithms were implemented and compared so that the optimal one could be selected. The random forest (RF) algorithm outperformed the others (such as decision tree, feedforward neural network, generalized linear model) and RF obtained the highest accuracy in model validation with a daily root mean square error (RMSE) of 1.29 °C, mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.94 °C, daytime instantaneous RMSE of 1.88 °C, MAE of 1.35 °C, nighttime instantaneous RMSE of 2.47 °C, and MAE of 1.83 °C. The corresponding R2 was 0.99 for daily average, 0.98 for daytime instantaneous, and 0.95 for nighttime instantaneous. Analysis showed that land surface temperature (LST) was the most important factor contributing to model accuracy, followed by solar declination and DSR, which implied that DSR should be prioritized when estimating Ta. Particularly, these results outperformed most models presented in previous studies. These findings suggested that RF could be used to estimate daily instantaneous Ta at unprecedented accuracy and temporal scale with proper training and very dense station data. The estimated dataset could be very useful for local climate and ecology studies, as well as for nature resources exploration.
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Tsao TM, Hwang JS, Lin ST, Wu C, Tsai MJ, Su TC. Forest Bathing Is Better than Walking in Urban Park: Comparison of Cardiac and Vascular Function between Urban and Forest Parks. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19063451. [PMID: 35329139 PMCID: PMC8949865 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19063451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Forest bathing is beneficial for human health. To investigate whether walking in forest or urban parks affects cardiovascular functions (CVFs), the present study was conducted in five forest trails in the Xitou Experimental Forest and in five urban parks in Taipei city. We recruited 25 adult volunteers for an observational pilot study in forest parks (n = 14) and urban parks (n = 11). CVFs were assessed by measuring the arterial pressure waveform using an oscillometric blood pressure (BP) device. The baseline and paired differences of systolic BP (SBP), central end SBP, heart rate, left ventricle (LV) dP/dt max and cardiac output in participants were lower before and after walking in a forest park than those in an urban park. In addition, the systemic vascular compliance and brachial artery compliance of those who walked in a forest park were significantly higher compared with those in an urban park. Linear mixed models demonstrated lower levels of SBP by 5.22 mmHg, heart rate by 2.46 beats/min, and cardiac output by 0.52 L/min, and LV dP/dt max by 146.91 mmHg/s among those who walked in forest compared to those in an urban park after controlling covariates. This study provides evidence of the potential beneficial effects of walking exercise in forest parks on CVFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Ming Tsao
- The Experimental Forest, College of Bio-Resource and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, Nantou 55750, Taiwan; (T.-M.T.); (S.-T.L.)
| | - Jing-Shiang Hwang
- Institute of Statistical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan;
| | - Sung-Tsun Lin
- The Experimental Forest, College of Bio-Resource and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, Nantou 55750, Taiwan; (T.-M.T.); (S.-T.L.)
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, National Taiwan University College of Public Health, Taipei 10055, Taiwan
| | - Charlene Wu
- Global Health Program, National Taiwan University College of Public Health, Taipei 10055, Taiwan;
| | - Ming-Jer Tsai
- The Experimental Forest, College of Bio-Resource and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, Nantou 55750, Taiwan; (T.-M.T.); (S.-T.L.)
- School of Forestry and Resource Conservation, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (M.-J.T.); (T.-C.S.); Tel.: +886-223-123-456 (ext. 67187) (T.-C.S.)
| | - Ta-Chen Su
- The Experimental Forest, College of Bio-Resource and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, Nantou 55750, Taiwan; (T.-M.T.); (S.-T.L.)
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, National Taiwan University College of Public Health, Taipei 10055, Taiwan
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100229, Taiwan
- Divisions of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100229, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (M.-J.T.); (T.-C.S.); Tel.: +886-223-123-456 (ext. 67187) (T.-C.S.)
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Agarwal V, Kumar A. The changes in the air quality of Wazirpur, Delhi due to the COVID-19 shutdown. CLEANER CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2022. [PMCID: PMC8784257 DOI: 10.1016/j.clce.2022.100001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Desperak P, Desperak A, Szyguła-Jurkiewicz B, Rozentryt P, Lekston A, Gąsior M. The Impact of Short-Term Outdoor Air Pollution on Clinical Status and Prognosis of Hospitalized Patients with Coronary Artery Disease Treated with Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. J Clin Med 2022; 11:484. [PMID: 35159936 PMCID: PMC8836379 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11030484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to determine the influence of acute exposure to air pollutants on patients' profile, short- and mid-term outcomes of hospitalized patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) treated with coronary angioplasty. METHODS Out of 19,582 patients of the TERCET Registry, 7521 patients living in the Upper Silesia and Zaglebie Metropolis were included. The study population was divided into two groups according to the diagnosis of chronic (CCS) or acute coronary syndromes (ACS). Data on 24-h average concentrations of particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter <10 μm (PM10), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen monoxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and ozone (O3) were obtained from eight environmental monitoring stations. RESULTS No significant association between pollutants' concentration with baseline characteristic and in-hospital outcomes was observed. In the ACS group at 30 days, exceeding the 3rd quartile of PM10 was associated with almost 2-fold increased risk of adverse events and more than 3-fold increased risk of death. Exceeding the 3rd quartile of SO2 was connected with more than 8-fold increased risk of death at 30 days. In the CCS group, exceeding the 3rd quartile of SO2 was linked to almost 2,5-fold increased risk of 12-month death. CONCLUSIONS The acute increase in air pollutants' concentrations affect short- and mid-term prognosis in patients with CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Desperak
- Third Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland; (A.D.); (B.S.-J.); (P.R.); (A.L.); (M.G.)
| | - Aneta Desperak
- Third Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland; (A.D.); (B.S.-J.); (P.R.); (A.L.); (M.G.)
| | - Bożena Szyguła-Jurkiewicz
- Third Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland; (A.D.); (B.S.-J.); (P.R.); (A.L.); (M.G.)
| | - Piotr Rozentryt
- Third Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland; (A.D.); (B.S.-J.); (P.R.); (A.L.); (M.G.)
- Department of Toxicology and Health Protection, Faculty of Health Sciences in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 41-902 Bytom, Poland
| | - Andrzej Lekston
- Third Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland; (A.D.); (B.S.-J.); (P.R.); (A.L.); (M.G.)
| | - Mariusz Gąsior
- Third Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland; (A.D.); (B.S.-J.); (P.R.); (A.L.); (M.G.)
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26
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Uddin MB, Sajib EH, Hoque SF, Hassan MM, Ahmed SSU. Macrophages in respiratory system. RECENT ADVANCEMENTS IN MICROBIAL DIVERSITY 2022:299-333. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-822368-0.00014-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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27
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Impact of COVID-19 lockdown on the particulate matter over Perungudi, Chennai, India. MATERIALS TODAY: PROCEEDINGS 2022; 55:280-286. [PMID: 36284924 PMCID: PMC9585186 DOI: 10.1016/j.matpr.2021.07.296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The nationwide lockdown of Phase-1 in India was started from March 25 to April 14, 2020 and Phase-2 from April 15 to May 3, 2020 with severe restrictions on public activities in India. Utilizing the particulate matter PM10 and PM2.5 data recorded during this adverse time, the present study is undertaken to assess the impact of phase 1 and 2 lockdown on the air quality of Perungudi, Chennai, India. The data obtained from the Tamil Nadu Pollution Control Board was assessed for lockdown phase. We compared particulate matter data for the unlock phase with a coinciding period in March 2020 to determine the changes in pollutant concentrations during the lockdown period of April 2020. The descriptive analysis of PM continuous data was performed to determine the mean, standard deviation, variance, skew and kurtosis to identify the nature of data. Correlogram analysis gives the information that the data under study has non-stationary behaviour and not random. Along with this linear regression analysis were performed to determine the relationship and trend for the data. The results revealed decreasing trend in the concentrations (PM10, PM2.5).
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Impacts of short-term lockdown during COVID-19 on air quality in Egypt. THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING AND SPACE SCIENCES 2021; 24. [PMCID: PMC7577652 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrs.2020.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 is a pandemic disease that is actively spread over the globe in a few months. Most of the Nations took the appropriate measures including lockdown to reduce the risk of spreading and safe human health and life. Egypt took the measures of partial and complete lockdown from 15th March till 30th June 2020. Such short-term lockdown has had a significant impact on the reduction of emissions from transportation, industrial and human activities. This research used multi-data sensors from space to map the changes of air quality over Egypt in the first 6 months from January to June 2020 due to the lockdown and compare with previous years of 2018 and 2019. It is clearly observed that the air quality over the whole country is improved as a result of reducing pollutants emissions, with NO2 reduced by 45.5%, CO emissions reduced by 46.23%, Ozone concentration decreased by about 61.1%, and AOD reduced by 68.5% compared to the previous 2 years. It is found that the lockdown is an effective mitigation measure against air pollution to improve air quality and reduce the air pollution that creates pressure on the human health and health system. It might be difficult to implement long lockdown, as a mitigation measure, due to its direct impact on social and economic needs. However, we recommend a complete lockdown for 2–3 days (long weekend) every at least 2-3 months, on national and/or global level, which will significantly enhance our air quality and improve the health environment of the planet.
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Chaichana K, Kitro A, Chaidee S, Rojsiraphisal T. The potential effects of temperature on outpatient visits: a case study in Chiang Mai, Thailand. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:64431-64439. [PMID: 34312756 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15512-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is a crucial cause of health issues, as reported in many studies. Temperature is one of the important factors related to extreme weather. Chiang Mai, the center of the north of Thailand, is also affected by temperature changes that have led to many outpatient visits. Better information will help the health service to be well-prepared. This research applied typical meteorological data and solar radiation into the distributed lag nonlinear model and a quasi-Poisson regression model. The "hot effect" and "cold effect" on outpatient visits caused by respiratory diseases, dermatophytosis, and intestinal infectious diseases in a public Chiang Mai hospital between January 2015 and December 2019 were then investigated. Of the 185,202 cases, results showed that all of the diseases mentioned had more than 10% of relative risk (RR) in cold effects. However, the RR of dermatophytosis was found to be 114%, a very high risk. In the case of hot effects, the patients of the age 19-29 have relatively high RR over 20% for respiratory diseases and dermatophytosis. It was also observed that cold effects lasted longer than hot effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khuanchanok Chaichana
- Advanced Research Center for Computational Simulation, Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
- Centre of Excellence in Mathematics, CHE, Si Ayutthaya Rd., Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
| | - Amornphat Kitro
- Department of Communication Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Supanut Chaidee
- Advanced Research Center for Computational Simulation, Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Centre of Excellence in Mathematics, CHE, Si Ayutthaya Rd., Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Thaned Rojsiraphisal
- Advanced Research Center for Computational Simulation, Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Centre of Excellence in Mathematics, CHE, Si Ayutthaya Rd., Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
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Heo S, Chen C, Kim H, Sabath B, Dominici F, Warren JL, Di Q, Schwartz J, Bell ML. Temporal changes in associations between high temperature and hospitalizations by greenspace: Analysis in the Medicare population in 40 U.S. northeast counties. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 156:106737. [PMID: 34218185 PMCID: PMC8380720 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Although research indicates health and well-being benefits of greenspace, little is known regarding how greenspace may influence adaptation to health risks from heat, particularly how these risks change over time. Using daily hospitalization rates of Medicare beneficiaries ≥65 years for 2000-2016 in 40 U.S. Northeastern urban counties, we assessed how temperature-related hospitalizations from cardiovascular causes (CVD) and heat stroke (HS) changed over time. We analyzed effect modification of those temporal changes by Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI), approximating greenspace. We used a two-stage analysis including a generalized additive model and meta-analysis. Results showed that relative risk (RR) (per 1 °C increase in lag0-3 temperature) for temperature-HS hospitalization was higher in counties with the lowest quartile EVI (RR = 2.7, 95% CI: 2.0, 3.4) compared to counties with the highest quartile EVI (RR = 0.40, 95% CI: 0.14, 1.13) in the early part of the study period (2000-2004). RR of HS decreased to 0.88 (95% CI: 0.31, 2.53) in 2013-2016 in counties with the lowest quartile EVI. RR for HS changed over time in counties in the highest quartile EVI, with RRs of 0.4 (95% CI: -0.7, 1.4) in 2000-2004 and 2.4 (95% CI: 1.6, 3.2) in 2013-2016. Findings suggest that adaptation to heat-health associations vary by greenness. Greenspace may help lower risks from heat but such health risks warrant continuous local efforts such as heat-health plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seulkee Heo
- School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Chen Chen
- School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Honghyok Kim
- School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Benjamin Sabath
- Harvard T.H. CHAN School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Francesca Dominici
- Harvard T.H. CHAN School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Joshua L Warren
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Qian Di
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
| | - Joel Schwartz
- Harvard T.H. CHAN School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Michelle L Bell
- School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
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Baniasad M, Mofrad MG, Bahmanabadi B, Jamshidi S. COVID-19 in Asia: Transmission factors, re-opening policies, and vaccination simulation. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 202:111657. [PMID: 34246638 PMCID: PMC8265190 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
This work aims to provide insights on the COVID-19 pandemic in three prime aspects. First, we attempted to understand the association between the COVID-19 transmission rate, environmental factors (air pollution, weather, mobility), and socio-political parameters (Government Stringency Index, GSI). Second, we evaluated the efficiency of various strategies, including radical opening, intermittent lockdown, phase lift, and contact tracing, to exit the COVID-19 pandemic and get back to pre-pandemic conditions using a stochastic individual-based epidemiology model. Third, we used a deep learning approach and simulated the vaccination rate and the time for reaching herd immunity. The analysis was done based on the collected data from eight countries in Asia, including Iran, Turkey, India, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, the Philippines, South Korea, and Russia (as a transcontinental country). Our findings in the first part highlighted a noninfluential impact from the weather-driven parameters and short-term exposure to pollutants on the transmission rate; however, long-term exposure could potentially increase the risk of COVID-19 mortality rates (based on 1998-2017 p.m.2.5 data). Mobility was highly correlated with the COVID-19 transmission and based on our causal analysis reducing mobility could curb the COVID-19 transmission rate with a 6-day lag time (on average). Secondly, among all the tested policies for exiting the COVID-19 pandemic, the contact tracing was the most efficient if executed correctly. With a 2-day delay in tracing the virus hosts, a 60% successful host tracing, and a 70% contact reduction with the hosts, a pandemic will end in a year without overburdening a healthcare system with 6000 hospital beds capacity per million. Lastly, our vaccine simulations showed that the target date for achieving herd immunity significantly varied among the countries and could be delayed to October-november 2022 in countries like India and Iran (based on 60% immunized population and assuming no intermediate factors affecting the vaccination rate).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Baniasad
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Morvarid Golrokh Mofrad
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Bahare Bahmanabadi
- Department of Water Engineering, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Sajad Jamshidi
- Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
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Gouda KC, Singh P, P N, Benke M, Kumari R, Agnihotri G, Hungund KM, M C, B KR, V R, S H. Assessment of air pollution status during COVID-19 lockdown (March-May 2020) over Bangalore City in India. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2021; 193:395. [PMID: 34105059 PMCID: PMC8186354 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-021-09177-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which became a global pandemic by March 2020, forced almost all countries over the world to impose the lockdown as a measure of social distancing to control the spread of infection. India also strictly implemented a countrywide lockdown, starting from 24 March to 12 May 2020. This measure resulted in the reduction of the sources of air pollution in general: industrial, commercial, and vehicular pollution in particular, with visible improvement in ambient air quality. In this study, the impact of COVID-19 lockdown on the ambient concentration of air pollutants over the city of Bangalore (India) is assessed using Continuous Ambient Air Quality Measurement (CAAQM) data from 10 monitoring stations spread across the city. The data was obtained from Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) and Karnataka State Pollution Control Board (KSPCB). The analysis of the relative changes in the ambient concentration of six major air pollutants (NO, NO2, NOX, PM2.5, O3, and SO2) has been carried out for two periods: March-May 2020 (COVID-19 lockdown) and the corresponding period of 2019 during when there was no lockdown. The analysis revealed significant reduction in the concentration of ambient air pollutants at both daily and monthly intervals. This can be attributed to the reduction in sources of emission; vehicular traffic, industrial, and other activities. The average reduction in the concentration of NO, NO2, NOX, PM2.5, and O3 between 01 March and 12 May 2020 was found to be 63%, 48%, 48%, 18%, and 23% respectively when compared to the same period in 2019. Similarly, the comparative analysis of pollutant concentrations between pre-lockdown (01-23 March 2020) and lockdown (24 March-12 May 2020) periods has shown a huge reduction in the ambient concentration of air pollutants, 47.3% (NO), 49% (NO2), 49% (NOX), 10% (SO2), 37.7% (PM2.5), and 15.6% (O3), resulting in improved air quality over Bangalore during the COVID-19 lockdown period. It is shown that the strict lockdown resulted in a significant reduction in the pollution levels. Such lockdowns may be useful as emergency intervention strategies to control air pollution in megacities when ambient air quality deteriorates dangerously.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Gouda
- CSIR Fourth Paradigm Institute, Wind Tunnel Road, Bangalore, India.
| | - Priya Singh
- CSIR Fourth Paradigm Institute, Wind Tunnel Road, Bangalore, India
| | - Nikhilasuma P
- CSIR Fourth Paradigm Institute, Wind Tunnel Road, Bangalore, India
| | - Mahendra Benke
- CSIR Fourth Paradigm Institute, Wind Tunnel Road, Bangalore, India
| | - Reshama Kumari
- CSIR Fourth Paradigm Institute, Wind Tunnel Road, Bangalore, India
| | - Geeta Agnihotri
- Meteorological Centre Bangalore, India Meteorological Department, Bangalore, India
| | - Kiran M Hungund
- Karnataka State Remote Sensing Application Centre, Bangalore, India
| | | | - Kantha Rao B
- CSIR Fourth Paradigm Institute, Wind Tunnel Road, Bangalore, India
| | - Ramesh V
- Karnataka State Pollution Control Board, Bangalore, India
| | - Himesh S
- CSIR Fourth Paradigm Institute, Wind Tunnel Road, Bangalore, India
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Maggiotto G, Miani A, Rizzo E, Castellone MD, Piscitelli P. Heat waves and adaptation strategies in a mediterranean urban context. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 197:111066. [PMID: 33794175 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heat waves can be considered as an emerging challenge among the potential health risks generated by urbanization and climate changes. Heat waves are becoming more frequent, long and intense, and can be defined as meteorological extreme events consisting in prolonged time of extremely high temperatures in a particular region. The following paper addresses health threats due to heat waves presenting the case study of Lecce, a city located in Southern Italy; the Mediterranean area is already recognized in international literature as a hot-spot for climate changes. This work assesses the potential impact of two different adaptation strategies. METHODS We have tested the effectiveness of cool surfaces and urban forestry as adaptation approaches to cope with heat waves. The microclimate computer-based model "ENVI-met" was adopted to predict thermal scenarios arising from the two proposed interventions. The parameters analysed consisted in temperature and relative humidity. RESULTS Urban forestry approach seem to lower temperature (that represents the major cause of urban overheating) better than cool surfaces strategy, but relative humidity produced by the evapotranspiration processes of urban forestry has also negative influences on temperature perceived by pedestrians (thermal discomfort). CONCLUSION Vegetation represents both an adaptation and a mitigation strategy to climate changes that guarantees an improvement of air quality, with consequent psychological and physical benefits. Wide campaigns aimed at planting trees and increasing the urban green coverage should be systematically planned and fostered by national, regional and local institutions preferably with the involvement of research departments, schools and citizens' associations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alessandro Miani
- Italian Society of Environmental Medicine (SIMA), Milan, Italy; Department of Environmental Sciences and Policy, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Emanuele Rizzo
- Italian Society of Environmental Medicine (SIMA), Milan, Italy
| | | | - Prisco Piscitelli
- Italian Society of Environmental Medicine (SIMA), Milan, Italy; Euro Mediterranean Scientific Biomedical Institute (ISBEM), Brindisi, Italy
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Morais L, Lopes A, Nogueira P. Human health outcomes at the neighbourhood scale implications: Elderly's heat-related cardiorespiratory mortality and its influencing factors. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 760:144036. [PMID: 33348162 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The excessively warm weather, especially in cities, can lead to several adverse impacts, including heat-related mortality, becoming an increasingly important public health issue. Previous studies on heat-related mortality have assessed risk factors at the municipal scale, missing the intra-urban variability in heat risk and vulnerability. The knowledge of the spatial intra-variability can help to design spatially targeted measures to better protect citizens' health. Through hot spot analysis, we identified the neighbourhood-scale spatial pattern of heat-related cardiorespiratory mortality in the elderly, during the yearly warmest five months of a three years period. Potential associations between spatial variability in heat-related mortality and several independent factors in each neighbourhood were investigated and their predictions. Two approaches were adopted: one is eminently statistical, using Generalized Linear Models (GLM) and another using Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR). This new recent regression technique is increasing in international attention on spatial modelling. The spatial model explains about 60% of the spatial variations in elderly's heat-related cardiorespiratory mortality. The two-analyses produced an overlapping set of predictor variables, with emphasis on the elderly, vegetation cover and employment. The results also show that the areas where heat-related mortality is high, are also the areas where the number of deaths is higher than expected. These neighbourhoods should be considered as the most vulnerable to heat-related mortality. We concluded that studying human health outcomes at neighbourhood-scale is relevant for public health heat-related plans. Essential suggestions are provided to decision-making support and city planners designing strategies to reduce heat-related mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliane Morais
- Institute of Environmental Health (ISAMB), Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - António Lopes
- Institute of Geography and Spatial Planning (IGOT), University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Paulo Nogueira
- Institute of Environmental Health (ISAMB), Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal; National School of Public Health (CISP), New University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.
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Martenies SE, Keller JP, WeMott S, Kuiper G, Ross Z, Allshouse WB, Adgate JL, Starling AP, Dabelea D, Magzamen S. A Spatiotemporal Prediction Model for Black Carbon in the Denver Metropolitan Area, 2009-2020. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:3112-3123. [PMID: 33596061 PMCID: PMC8313050 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c06451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Studies on health effects of air pollution from local sources require exposure assessments that capture spatial and temporal trends. To facilitate intraurban studies in Denver, Colorado, we developed a spatiotemporal prediction model for black carbon (BC). To inform our model, we collected more than 700 weekly BC samples using personal air samplers from 2018 to 2020. The model incorporated spatial and spatiotemporal predictors and smoothed time trends to generate point-level weekly predictions of BC concentrations for the years 2009-2020. Our results indicate that our model reliably predicted weekly BC concentrations across the region during the year in which we collected data. We achieved a 10-fold cross-validation R2 of 0.83 and a root-mean-square error of 0.15 μg/m3 for weekly BC concentrations predicted at our sampling locations. Predicted concentrations displayed expected temporal trends, with the highest concentrations predicted during winter months. Thus, our prediction model improves on typical land use regression models that generally only capture spatial gradients. However, our model is limited by a lack of long-term BC monitoring data for full validation of historical predictions. BC predictions from the weekly spatiotemporal model will be used in traffic-related air pollution exposure-disease associations more precisely than previous models for the region have allowed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheena E Martenies
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801-3028, United States
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1019, United States
| | - Joshua P Keller
- Department of Statistics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1019, United States
| | - Sherry WeMott
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1019, United States
| | - Grace Kuiper
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1019, United States
| | - Zev Ross
- ZevRoss Spatial Analysis, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
| | - William B Allshouse
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
| | - John L Adgate
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
| | - Anne P Starling
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
- Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
| | - Dana Dabelea
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
- Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
| | - Sheryl Magzamen
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1019, United States
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
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Nigam R, Pandya K, Luis AJ, Sengupta R, Kotha M. Positive effects of COVID-19 lockdown on air quality of industrial cities (Ankleshwar and Vapi) of Western India. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4285. [PMID: 33608603 PMCID: PMC7895933 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83393-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
On January 30, 2020, India recorded its first COVID-19 positive case in Kerala, which was followed by a nationwide lockdown extended in four different phases from 25th March to 31st May, 2020, and an unlock period thereafter. The lockdown has led to colossal economic loss to India; however, it has come as a respite to the environment. Utilizing the air quality index (AQI) data recorded during this adverse time, the present study is undertaken to assess the impact of lockdown on the air quality of Ankleshwar and Vapi, Gujarat, India. The AQI data obtained from the Central Pollution Control Board was assessed for four lockdown phases. We compared air quality data for the unlock phase with a coinciding period in 2019 to determine the changes in pollutant concentrations during the lockdown, analyzing daily AQI data for six pollutants (PM10, PM2.5, CO, NO2, O3, and SO2). A meta-analysis of continuous data was performed to determine the mean and standard deviation of each lockdown phase, and their differences were computed in percentage in comparison to 2019; along with the linear correlation analysis and linear regression analysis to determine the relationship among the air pollutants and their trend for the lockdown days. The results revealed different patterns of gradual to a rapid reduction in most of the pollutant concentrations (PM10, PM2.5, CO, SO2), and an increment in ozone concentration was observed due to a drastic reduction in NO2 by 80.18%. Later, increases in other pollutants were also observed as the restrictions were eased during phase-4 and unlock 1. The comparison between the two cities found that factors like distance from the Arabian coast and different industrial setups played a vital role in different emission trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritwik Nigam
- School of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences (SEOAS), Goa University, Taleigao Plateau, Goa, 403206, India
| | - Kanvi Pandya
- Department of Geography, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Fatehgunj, Vadodara, 390002, India
| | - Alvarinho J Luis
- Earth System Science Organization-National Centre of Polar and Ocean Research, Ministry of Earth Science, Govt. of India, Headland Sada, Goa, 403804, India
| | - Raja Sengupta
- Department of Geography & McGill School of Environment, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A0B9, Canada
| | - Mahender Kotha
- School of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences (SEOAS), Goa University, Taleigao Plateau, Goa, 403206, India.
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Improving the Indoor Air Quality of Residential Buildings during Bushfire Smoke Events. CLIMATE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/cli9020032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to bushfire smoke is associated with acute and chronic health effects such as respiratory and cardiovascular disease. Residential buildings are important places of refuge from bushfire smoke, however the air quality within these locations can become heavily polluted by smoke infiltration. Consequently, some residential buildings may offer limited protection from exposure to poor air quality, especially during extended smoke events. This paper evaluates the impact of bushfire smoke on indoor air quality within residential buildings and proposes strategies and guidance to reduce indoor levels of particulates and other pollutants. The paper explores the different monitoring techniques used to measure air pollutants and assesses the influence of the building envelope, filtration technologies, and portable air cleaners used to improve indoor air quality. The evaluation found that bushfire smoke can substantially increase the levels of pollutants within residential buildings. Notably, some studies reported indoor levels of PM2.5 of approximately 500µg/m3 during bushfire smoke events. Many Australian homes are very leaky (i.e., >15 ACH) compared to those in countries such as the USA. Strategies such as improving the building envelope will help reduce smoke infiltration, however even in airtight homes pollutant levels will eventually increase over time. Therefore, the appropriate design, selection, and operation of household ventilation systems that include particle filtration will be critical to reduce indoor exposures during prolonged smoke events. Future studies of bushfire smoke intrusion in residences could also focus on filtration technologies that can remove gaseous pollutants.
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Shin HH, Parajuli RP, Gogna P, Maquiling A, Dehghani P. Pollutant-sex specific differences in respiratory hospitalization and mortality risk attributable to short-term exposure to ambient air pollution. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 755:143135. [PMID: 33168238 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many studies have reported associations of individual pollutants with respiratory hospitalization and mortality based on different populations, which makes it difficult to directly compare adverse health effects among multiple air pollutants. OBJECTIVES The study goal is to compare acute respiratory-related hospitalization and mortality associated with short-term exposure to three ambient air pollutants and analyze differences in health risks by season, age and sex. METHODS Hourly measurements of air pollutants (ozone, NO2, PM2.5) and temperature were collected from ground-monitors for 24 cities along with daily hospitalization (1996-2012) and mortality (1984-2012) data. National associations between air pollutant and health outcome were estimated for season (warm, cold vs. year-round), age (base ≥ 1, seniors > 65), and sex (females ≥ 1 and males ≥ 1) using Bayesian hierarchical models. RESULTS Overall, the three air pollutants were significantly associated with acute respiratory health outcomes at different lag-days. For respiratory hospitalization, the increased risks in percent changes with 95% posterior intervals for a 10-unit increase in each pollutant were: ozone (lag1, 0.7% (0.4, 0.9)), NO2 (lag0, 0.7% (0.1, 1.4)), and PM2.5 (lag1, 1.3% (0.7, 1.9)). For respiratory mortality: ozone (lag2, 1.2% (0.4, 1.9)), NO2 (lag1, 2.1% (0.6, 3.5)), and PM2.5 (lag1, 0.6% (-1.0, 2.2)). While some differences in risk were observed by season and age group, sex-specific differences were more pronounced. Compared with males, females had a higher respiratory mortality risk (1.8% (0.6, 2.9) vs 0.5% (-0.3, 1.3)) from ozone, a higher respiratory hospitalization risk (0.9% (0.0, 1.8) vs 0.6% (-0.3, 1.4)) but lower mortality risk (1.4% (-1.0, 3.7) vs 2.2% (0.4, 4.0)) from NO2, and a lower hospitalization risk (0.7% (-0.2, 1.7) vs 1.8% (1.0, 2.6)) from PM2.5. CONCLUSION This study reports significant health effects of short-term exposure to three ambient air pollutants on respiratory hospitalization (ozone≈NO2 < PM2.5 per-10 unit; ozone>NO2 ≈ PM2.5 per-IQR) and mortality (ozone≈NO2 > PM2.5) in Canada. Pollutant-sex-specific differences were found, but inconclusive due to limited biological and physiological explanations. Further studies are warranted to understand the pollutant-sex specific differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwashin Hyun Shin
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.
| | | | - Priyanka Gogna
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.
| | - Aubrey Maquiling
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
| | - Parvin Dehghani
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
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Li L, Jiang C, Murtugudde R, Liang XZ, Sapkota A. Global Population Exposed to Extreme Events in the 150 Most Populated Cities of the World: Implications for Public Health. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18031293. [PMID: 33535524 PMCID: PMC7908124 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18031293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Climate change driven increases in the frequency of extreme heat events (EHE) and extreme precipitation events (EPE) are contributing to both infectious and non-infectious disease burden, particularly in urban city centers. While the share of urban populations continues to grow, a comprehensive assessment of populations impacted by these threats is lacking. Using data from weather stations, climate models, and urban population growth during 1980–2017, here, we show that the concurrent rise in the frequency of EHE, EPE, and urban populations has resulted in over 500% increases in individuals exposed to EHE and EPE in the 150 most populated cities of the world. Since most of the population increases over the next several decades are projected to take place in city centers within low- and middle-income countries, skillful early warnings and community specific response strategies are urgently needed to minimize public health impacts and associated costs to the global economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linze Li
- Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD 20742, USA; (L.L.); (C.J.)
- School of Remote Sensing and Information Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Chengsheng Jiang
- Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD 20742, USA; (L.L.); (C.J.)
| | - Raghu Murtugudde
- Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; (R.M.); (X.-Z.L.)
| | - Xin-Zhong Liang
- Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; (R.M.); (X.-Z.L.)
| | - Amir Sapkota
- Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD 20742, USA; (L.L.); (C.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +301-405-8716
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Ichiki T, Inami S, Yamada K, Kawamura A. Ambient Temperature and Cardiorenal Connection in Elderly Patients with Stable Heart Failure. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2021; 254:81-87. [PMID: 34108345 DOI: 10.1620/tjem.254.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure increases among the elderly; however, the influence of ambient temperature on cardiorenal function has not been well investigated. Patients (n = 110, mean age 82.9 years, 43 males) with stable heart failure and creatinine < 3.0 mg/dl were studied. Medical records, such as ejection fraction, B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) at each visit every 1-3 months were collected by the end-point for death, additional prescription to treat heart failure, or heart failure hospitalization. The ambient temperatures at each visit were obtained from the Japan Meteorological Agency. During the follow-up period (median 399 days and 7 visits), follow-up BNP showed a trend toward a positive correlation with the diurnal temperature range. After dividing into two groups by median baseline eGFR, follow-up BNP was positively correlated with minimum temperature (p = 0.039) and the diurnal temperature range (p = 0.007) in the Low-eGFR group but not in the High-eGFR group. Follow-up eGFR was negatively correlated with the ambient day temperature in both groups (p ≤ 0.002). Follow-up BNP was positively correlated with follow-up eGFR (p < 0.0001) only in the Low-eGFR group and not in the High-eGFR group, suggesting that BNP and eGFR increase in winter and BNP and eGFR decrease in summer in the Low-eGFR group. In conclusions, heart failure may be worsened by larger diurnal temperature range or in winter in patients with renal impairment. This population should be carefully managed in the clinic according to the ambient temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Ichiki
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare
| | - Shigenobu Inami
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare
| | - Kenta Yamada
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare
| | - Akio Kawamura
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare
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Ma Y, Jiao H, Zhang Y, Feng F, Cheng B, Ma B, Yu Z. Short-term effect of extreme air temperature on hospital emergency room visits for cardiovascular diseases from 2009 to 2012 in Beijing, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:38029-38037. [PMID: 32621192 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09814-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Extreme air temperature directly affected human health. However, the short-term effect of extreme air temperature on the incidence of cardiovascular diseases has rarely been reported in China. In this study, we focused on Beijing, China, and assessed the effects of cold/warm days and nights on the number of hospital emergency room (ER) visits for cardiovascular diseases from 2009 to 2012. We used a generalized additive model (GAM) to estimate the association between extreme air temperature and the number of hospital ER visits for cardiovascular diseases. We divided the entire study group into two gender subgroups and three age subgroups. The results showed that the short-term effect of extreme air temperature on hospital ER visits for cardiovascular diseases was more profound in females and the elderly (aged ≥ 75 years). Among all the study subgroups, the highest relative risk (RR) of cardiovascular diseases associated with extremely cold days, warm days, cold nights, and warm nights was 3.0% (95% CI, 1.6%-4.4%), 0.8% (95% CI, - 0.9%-2.6%), 2.8% (95% CI, 1.6%-4.2%), and 1.8% (95% CI, 0.6%-4.3%), respectively. Overall, the effect of extremely low air temperature (during both days and nights) on the incidence of cardiovascular diseases was stronger and more acute than that of extremely high air temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxia Ma
- College of Atmospheric Sciences, Key Laboratory of Semi-Arid Climate Change, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| | - Haoran Jiao
- College of Atmospheric Sciences, Key Laboratory of Semi-Arid Climate Change, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- College of Atmospheric Sciences, Key Laboratory of Semi-Arid Climate Change, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Fengliu Feng
- College of Atmospheric Sciences, Key Laboratory of Semi-Arid Climate Change, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Bowen Cheng
- College of Atmospheric Sciences, Key Laboratory of Semi-Arid Climate Change, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Bingji Ma
- College of Atmospheric Sciences, Key Laboratory of Semi-Arid Climate Change, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Zhiang Yu
- College of Atmospheric Sciences, Key Laboratory of Semi-Arid Climate Change, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
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Rowland ST, Boehme AK, Rush J, Just AC, Kioumourtzoglou MA. Can ultra short-term changes in ambient temperature trigger myocardial infarction? ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 143:105910. [PMID: 32622116 PMCID: PMC7708404 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Climate change is increasing global average temperatures, as well as the frequency of extreme weather events. Both low and high ambient temperatures have been associated with elevated mortality; however, little is known about the cardiovascular impacts of hourly temperature. METHODS We assessed the association between hourly ambient temperature and risk of myocardial infarction (MI) across adult residents of New York State (NYS). We identified cases across NYS hospitals from 2000 to 2015 in the New York Department of Health Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System dataset, using ICD codes. Hourly ambient temperature was assessed at each patient's residential ZIP code, up to 48 hours prior to MI. We employed a time-stratified case-crossover study design matching case to control periods on hour of day, day of week, month and year. RESULTS Of the 791,695 primary MI hospital admissions, 45% were female, the mean (standard deviation; SD) age was 70 (15) years, and 49% of cases occurred among New York City residents. The observed temperature range was -29 °C to 39 °C, with a mean of 10.8 °C (10.5 °C). Temperature in the 6 h preceding the MI was positively associated with risk of MI, across the range of observed temperatures, with null or nearly null associations for earlier hours. We estimated a cumulative percent increase in hourly myocardial infarction rate of 7.9% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 5.2%, 10.6%) for an 11 °C (median) to 27 °C (95th percentile) temperature increase for lag hours 0-5. Men, Medicare-ineligible individuals (age < 65), and those experiencing their first MI were most sensitive. CONCLUSION Our study provides evidence that increases in hourly ambient temperature can trigger myocardial infarction. Health-based definitions of extreme heat events may better capture the deleterious effects of heat by accounting for hourly temperature. Our findings can inform the design of more effective preparedness strategies for the increasingly frequent extreme heat events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian T Rowland
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, United States.
| | - Amelia K Boehme
- Departments of Neurology, Columbia University Medical School and Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, United States
| | - Johnathan Rush
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Allan C Just
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Marianthi-Anna Kioumourtzoglou
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, United States
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Mazidi M, Speakman JR. Predicted impact of increasing average ambient temperature over the coming century on mortality from cardiovascular disease and stroke in the USA. Atherosclerosis 2020; 313:1-7. [PMID: 32980563 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2020.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Future climate change may adversely impact human health. The direct effects of extreme hot temperatures on mortality are well established, and their future impact well modelled. However, less extreme changes in ambient temperature (Ta) have been previously associated with increased mortality from circulatory and metabolic diseases, but their future impact is less clear. METHODS We evaluated the spatial association between cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and stroke mortality with average Ta across the US mainland, and then used this relationship to model future temporal trends in mortality from CVD and stroke until the end of the century (2099), using different warming scenarios for each US county. RESULTS Ta was significantly associated with crude levels of CVD mortality (R2 = 0.269) and stroke mortality (R2 = 0.264). Moreover, there was a strong positive link between Ta and physical inactivity (PIA) (R2 = 0.215). Once adjusted for PIA the associations between Ta and CVD and stroke mortality were much reduced (R2 = 0.054 and R2 = 0.091 respectively) but still highly significant. CONCLUSIONS By 2099 modelling suggests between 8844 and 25,486 extra deaths each year from CVD, and between 2,063 and 13,039 extra deaths for stroke, beyond the increases expected from population expansion. Mortality due to changes in the mean Ta may be as, or more, significant than the impacts of extreme hot weather events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Mazidi
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - John R Speakman
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang, Beijing, China; School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Scotland, UK; CAS Center of Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
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Otmani A, Benchrif A, Tahri M, Bounakhla M, Chakir EM, El Bouch M, Krombi M. Impact of Covid-19 lockdown on PM 10, SO 2 and NO 2 concentrations in Salé City (Morocco). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 735:139541. [PMID: 32445829 PMCID: PMC7235599 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
Covid-19 was first reported in Morocco on March 2, 2020. Since then, to prevent its propagation, the Moroccan government declared a state of health emergency. A set of rapid and strict countermeasures have taken, including locking down cities, limiting population's mobility and prohibiting almost all avoidable activities. In the present study, we attempted to evaluate the changes in levels of some air pollutants (mainly PM10, NO2 and SO2) in Salé city (North-Western Morocco) during the lockdown measures. In this context, a continuous measurement of PM10, SO2 and NO2 was carried before and during the Covid-19 lockdown period. As a consequence of the security measures and control actions undertaken, the emissions from vehicle exhaust and industrial production were significantly reduced, which contribute to the decrease in the concentrations of the studied pollutants. The obtained results showed that the difference between the concentrations recorded before and during the lockdown period were respectively 75%, 49% and 96% for PM10, SO2 and NO2. PM10 levels were much less reduced than NO2. The three-dimensional air mass backward trajectories, using the HYSPLIT model, demonstrated the benefits of PM10 local emission reductions related to the lockdown were overwhelmed by the contribution of long-range transported aerosols outside areas. In addition, noteworthy differences in the air mass back trajectories and the meteorology between these two periods were evidenced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anas Otmani
- Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Tofail University, Kenitra, Morocco; Laboratoire National des Études et de Surveillance de la Pollution (LNESP), Morocco
| | | | - Mounia Tahri
- National Centre for Nuclear Energy, Science and Technology (CNESTEN), Morocco
| | - Moussa Bounakhla
- National Centre for Nuclear Energy, Science and Technology (CNESTEN), Morocco
| | | | - Mohammed El Bouch
- Laboratoire National des Études et de Surveillance de la Pollution (LNESP), Morocco
| | - M'hamed Krombi
- Direction Régionale de la Culture, Ministère de la Culture, Morocco
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Hu ZY, Chang J, Guo FF, Deng HY, Pan GT, Li BY, Zhang ZL. The effects of dimethylformamide exposure on liver and kidney function in the elderly population: A cross-sectional study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e20749. [PMID: 32629651 PMCID: PMC7337450 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000020749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Dimethylformamide (DMF) is widely used as a solvent in the production of synthetic leather. Previous studies have focused on workers exposed to DMF in leather factories; however, little attention has been paid to the general population. This study was conducted to examine the effects of DMF exposure on elderly residents living near synthetic leather factories. A total of 962 subjects over 60 years of age in proximity to these factories (monitoring points) were enrolled as the exposure group, and 1924 permanent residents living distant from the factories were enrolled as the control group. The exposure group was divided into 3 groups according to their distance from the monitoring points. Physical examination, routine blood tests, and liver and renal function data were collected, and the DMF concentration in the air was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy. The prevalence of abnormal heart rhythm, electrocardiogram and B-mode ultrasound results in the exposure group was significantly greater than in the control group. Aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels in the exposure group also were higher than those in the control group (P < .01). There was an effect of distance from leather factories on liver and kidney dysfunction in the 3 exposure groups. Compared with the exposure group at >3 km distance from the source, the prevalence of increased AST, ALT, and BUN in the exposure group at <1 km was significantly greater (P < .001). It was concluded that DMF exposure was related to an increased risk of a cardiac injury and liver and kidney dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Yong Hu
- School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou
- Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Lishui
| | - Jie Chang
- School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou
| | - Fei-Fei Guo
- School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou
| | - Han-Yi Deng
- Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai
| | - Guo-Tao Pan
- School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou
| | - Bing-Yan Li
- School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou
| | - Zeng-Li Zhang
- School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, China
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Januszek R, Staszczak B, Siudak Z, Bartuś J, Plens K, Bartuś S, Dudek D. The relationship between increased air pollution expressed as PM 10 concentration and the frequency of percutaneous coronary interventions in patients with acute coronary syndromes-a seasonal differences. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:21320-21330. [PMID: 32266627 PMCID: PMC7245590 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08339-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the presented study was to assess the relationship between air pollution expressed as particulate air matters less than 10 μm (PM10) and acute coronary syndromes (ACSs). In this observational study, we selected regions with low pollution according to PM10 (non-polluted) and with the highest pollution (polluted). The occurrence of percutaneous coronary interventions (PCIs) in patients with ACSs was matched according to the location. The current study included 7678 patients in polluted areas and 4327 patients from non-polluted regions. Analysing the period from January to December 2017, the number of patients undergoing angioplasty in monitored catheterization laboratories and the mean daily concentration of PM10 in all selected cities were calculated for each day. The annual average concentration of PM10 amounts to 50.95 μg/m3 in polluted and 26.62 μg/m3 in non-polluted cities (P < 0.01). The rise in PM10 pollution levels was related with the increased frequency of PCIs in patients with ACSs in polluted (P < 0.01) and non-polluted (P < 0.01) areas. In the non-polluted regions, the increase in PM10 concentration by every 1 μg/m3 causes 0.22 additional ACS angioplasties per week. In polluted regions, the same increase in PM10 concentration causes 0.18 additional ACS angioplasties per week. In non-winter weeks, the mean number of ACS PCIs expressed in promiles was lower than in winter weeks in polluted (P = 0.03) and non-polluted cities (P = 0.02). The study shows that the increase in air pollution expressed as PM10 concentration and winter time influences the frequency of ACS-related PCIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafał Januszek
- Department of Clinical Rehabilitation, University of Physical Education, Krakow, Poland.
- 2nd Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, University Hospital, ul. Kopernika 17, 31-501, Krakow, Poland.
| | | | - Zbigniew Siudak
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
| | - Jerzy Bartuś
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | | | - Stanisław Bartuś
- 2nd Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, University Hospital, ul. Kopernika 17, 31-501, Krakow, Poland
- 2nd Department of Cardiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Dariusz Dudek
- 2nd Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, University Hospital, ul. Kopernika 17, 31-501, Krakow, Poland
- Department of Interventional Cardiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
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de Aguiar Pontes Pamplona Y, Arbex MA, Braga ALF, Pereira LAA, Martins LC. Relationship between air pollution and hospitalizations for congestive heart failure in elderly people in the city of São Paulo. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:18208-18220. [PMID: 32172424 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08216-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate the effects of air pollutants on hospitalizations of elderly people for congestive heart failure (CHF) in the city of São Paulo, stratified by sex, exploring lag structures, from 2000 to 2013. Ecological time series study using information on hospitalization of elderly patients for CHF (ICD-10th: I50) obtained from DATASUS for the city of São Paulo. Information on O3, PM10, NO2, SO2, CO, temperature and humidity was obtained from CETESB. Descriptive analyses, Pearson correlation, and generalized linear Poisson regression model were applied to estimate the effects of pollutants. The interquartile variations of O3 (52.45 μg/m3), PM10 (24.28 μg/m3), NO2 (7.63 μg/m3), SO2 (50.22 μg/m3), and CO (1.28 ppm) were associated with increased hospitalizations for CHF. Air pollutants continue to be a factor that contributes to the increase in the number of hospitalizations due to CHF.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcos Abdo Arbex
- Centro Universitário de Araraquara- UNIARA, Araraquara, SP, 14801-320, Brazil
| | - Alfésio Luís Ferreira Braga
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva da Universidade Católica de Santos, Santos, SP, 11045-003, Brazil
| | - Luiz Alberto Amador Pereira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva da Universidade Católica de Santos, Santos, SP, 11045-003, Brazil
| | - Lourdes Conceição Martins
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva da Universidade Católica de Santos, Santos, SP, 11045-003, Brazil
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New Approach Methods to Evaluate Health Risks of Air Pollutants: Critical Design Considerations for In Vitro Exposure Testing. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17062124. [PMID: 32210027 PMCID: PMC7143849 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17062124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Air pollution consists of highly variable and complex mixtures recognized as major contributors to morbidity and mortality worldwide. The vast number of chemicals, coupled with limitations surrounding epidemiological and animal studies, has necessitated the development of new approach methods (NAMs) to evaluate air pollution toxicity. These alternative approaches include in vitro (cell-based) models, wherein toxicity of test atmospheres can be evaluated with increased efficiency compared to in vivo studies. In vitro exposure systems have recently been developed with the goal of evaluating air pollutant-induced toxicity; though the specific design parameters implemented in these NAMs-based studies remain in flux. This review aims to outline important design parameters to consider when using in vitro methods to evaluate air pollutant toxicity, with the goal of providing increased accuracy, reproducibility, and effectiveness when incorporating in vitro data into human health evaluations. This review is unique in that experimental considerations and lessons learned are provided, as gathered from first-hand experience developing and testing in vitro models coupled to exposure systems. Reviewed design aspects include cell models, cell exposure conditions, exposure chambers, and toxicity endpoints. Strategies are also discussed to incorporate in vitro findings into the context of in vivo toxicity and overall risk assessment.
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Wang Y, Liu Y, Ye D, Li N, Bi P, Tong S, Wang Y, Cheng Y, Li Y, Yao X. High temperatures and emergency department visits in 18 sites with different climatic characteristics in China: Risk assessment and attributable fraction identification. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 136:105486. [PMID: 31991239 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Health impacts of high temperatures on hospital emergency department visits (EDVs) have been less reported, especially from developing countries. OBJECTIVES To investigate high temperature-EDVs relationship in various regions with different climatic characteristics, to explore the regional differences, to identify vulnerable populations, and to provide scientific evidence for climate change adaptation strategies in China. METHODS Daily data on weather, air pollution and EDVs were collected from 18 sites in China from June to August during 2014-2017. A quasi-Poisson generalized additive regression model was applied to examine the high temperature-EDVs relationship in each site. Site-specific risks of EDVs were pooled using a random effect meta-analysis model. Stratified analyses were performed by gender, age-groups, cause-specific EDVs and regions. Attributable fractions of EDVs due to high temperatures were calculated in different regions. RESULTS 1 °C increase in daily mean temperature was associated with 1.07% (95% CI, 0.46-1.67%) increase in EDVs across all study regions. The negative health effects from high temperatures were worse for the people living in southern China, in subtropical monsoon climate zone or in counties, with percentage change of 1.96% (95% CI, 0.92-3.02%), 1.35% (95% CI, 0.95-1.76%) and 1.41% (95% CI, 0.48-2.34%), respectively. People under 18 were more vulnerable to high temperatures. Exposure to high temperatures increased EDVs risks from endocrine, respiratory, and digestive diseases and injury. The attributable fraction due to high temperatures was 8.64% for overall EDVs, 11.70% for the people living in southern China, 10.80% for people living in subtropical monsoon climate zone and 12.65% for the county population. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to high temperatures resulted in extra burden to China's already overloaded hospital emergency departments. More resources are needed to meet increasing demands and effective preventative measurements are warranted to tackle such a challenge. Further studies should pay more attention to both heat and cold-related EDVs risks and socioeconomic cost for better climate change adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Liu
- National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Dianxiu Ye
- National Climate Center, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing, China
| | - Na Li
- National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Bi
- School of Public Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Shilu Tong
- Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; School of Public Health, Institute of Environment and Population Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Yan Wang
- National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yibin Cheng
- National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yonghong Li
- National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiaoyuan Yao
- National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
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50
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Qiu X, Wei Y, Wang Y, Di Q, Sofer T, Awad YA, Schwartz J. Inverse probability weighted distributed lag effects of short-term exposure to PM 2.5 and ozone on CVD hospitalizations in New England Medicare participants - Exploring the causal effects. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 182:109095. [PMID: 31927244 PMCID: PMC7024653 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.109095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although many studies have established significant associations between short-term air pollution and the risk of getting cardiovascular diseases, there is a lack of evidence based on causal distributed lag modeling. METHODS Inverse probability weighting (ipw) propensity score models along with conditional logistic outcome regression models based on a case-crossover study design were applied to get the causal unconstrained distributed (lag0-lag5) as well as cumulative lag effect of short-term exposure to PM2.5/Ozone on hospital admissions of acute myocardial infarction (AMI), congestive heart failure (CHF) and ischemic stroke (IS) among New England Medicare participants during 2000-2012. Effect modification by gender, race, secondary diagnosis of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases (COPD) and Diabetes (DM) was explored. RESULTS Each 10 μg/m3 increase in lag0-lag5 cumulative PM2.5 exposure was associated with an increase of 4.3% (95% confidence interval: 2.2%, 6.4%, percentage change) in AMI hospital admission rate, an increase of 3.9% (2.4%, 5.5%) in CHF rate and an increase of 2.6% (0.4%, 4.7%) in IS rate. A weakened lagging effect of PM2.5 from lag0 to lag5 could be observed. No cumulative short-term effect of ozone on CVD was found. People with secondary diagnosis of COPD, diabetes, female gender and black race are sensitive population. CONCLUSIONS Based on our causal distributed lag modeling, we found that short-term exposure to an increased ambient PM2.5 level had the potential to induce higher risk of CVD hospitalization in a causal way. More attention should be paid to population of COPD, diabetes, female gender and black race.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinye Qiu
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Yaguang Wei
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Qian Di
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tamar Sofer
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorder, Brigham & Women's Hospital, 221 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yara Abu Awad
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joel Schwartz
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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