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Ye J, Hu H, Bu Z, Cao J, Liu W, Su C, Wang X, Zhang Y, Kan H, Ding Z, Qian H, Cao S, Liu C. Spatiotemporal distribution of oxidative potential in PM 2.5 and its key components across six Chinese cities. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 476:135119. [PMID: 38986405 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Increasing evidence has supported that oxidative potential (OP) serves as a crucial indicator of health risk of exposure to PM2.5 over mass concentration. However, there is a lack of comparative studies across multiple cities, particularly on a fine temporal scale. In this study, we aim to investigate daily variation of ambient PM2.5 OP through simultaneous samplings in six Chinese cities for one year. Results showed that more than 60 % of the sampling days exhibited non-zero ranking difference between volume-normalized oxidative potential (OPv) and mass concentration among the six cities. Key components contributing to OPv inculde Mn, NO3-, and K+, followed by Ca2+, Al, SO42-, Cl-, Fe, and NH4+. Based on these chemical components, we developed a stepwise multivariable linear regression model (R2: 0.71) for OPv prediction. The performance of the model is comparable to both species- and sources-based ones in the literature. These findings suggest that a relatively lower daily-averaged mass concentration of PM2.5 does not necessarily indicate a lower oxidative risk. Future studies and policy developments on health benefits should also consider OPv rather than mass concentration alone. Priority could be given to sources/species that contribute significantly to oxidative potential of ambient PM2.5. SYNOPSIS: This study highlights inclusion of oxidative potential as a complementary metric for air pollution assessment and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Ye
- School of Energy and Power, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212100, China
| | - Hao Hu
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| | - Zhongming Bu
- Department of Energy and Environmental System Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310023, China
| | - Jianping Cao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Institute for Health and Environment, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Chunxiao Su
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Xinke Wang
- School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yinping Zhang
- Department of Building Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100086, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Quality Evaluation and Control, Beijing, China
| | - Haidong Kan
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, IRDR ICoE on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather/Climate Extremes Impact and Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen Ding
- Department of Environmental Health, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Hua Qian
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| | - Shijie Cao
- School of Architecture, Southeast University, China; Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Urban Heat and Pollution Control, Southeast University, China; Global Centre for Clean Air Research (GCARE), University of Surrey, UK
| | - Cong Liu
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China; Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Urban Heat and Pollution Control, Southeast University, China.
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2
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Hu Y, Yang G, Zhou N, Jiao L, Wang L, Yan J. Generation and persistency of combustion-derived environmentally persistent free radicals from phenolic compounds over a Fe 2O 3/SiO 2 surface. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 362:142468. [PMID: 38821125 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Combustion of organic solid wastes releases phenolic compounds which can act as precursors in the formation of environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs) in the post-flame, cooling zone of waste combustion. The study investigated the generation mechanism of EPFRs from phenolic compounds catalyzed by transition metals in air atmosphere under simulated combustion conditions. Representative combustion-derived phenolic compounds were used, and SiO2 particulates containing different mass ratio of Fe2O3 were synthesized as carriers. EPFRs formed had g-factors between 1.9998 and 2.0066, indicating phenoxyl-, cyclopentadienyl-, and semiquinone-type radicals, along with paramagnetic F-centers. The promotion effect of phenolic compounds on EPFR formation during heating decreased as catechol > hydroquinone > phenol > p-cresol. This trend is related to hydroxyl groups and activation energy. In particular, catechol chemically adsorbed on Fe2O3 at 600 K led to the formation of EPFRs with relatively high spin concentrations (up to 1.28 × 1017 spin/g). Higher Fe2O3 concentrations promoted the transformation of phenoxyl-type radicals into cyclopentadienyl-type and paramagnetic F-centers. However, as the Fe2O3 loading increased from 1.25% to 5%, the density of EPFRs decreased. The findings related to the influence of various precursors and Fe2O3 concentration on EPFR formation provide valuable insights for estimating EPFR generation and associated risk during combustion processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Hu
- Institute of Thermal and Power Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Liuhe Road 288#, 310023, HangZhou, China.
| | - Guohao Yang
- Institute of Thermal and Power Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Liuhe Road 288#, 310023, HangZhou, China
| | - Nan Zhou
- Institute of Thermal and Power Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Liuhe Road 288#, 310023, HangZhou, China
| | - Long Jiao
- Institute of Thermal and Power Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Liuhe Road 288#, 310023, HangZhou, China
| | - Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, 310013, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianhua Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, 310013, Hangzhou, China.
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3
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Li W, Zhou J, Boon D, Fan T, Anneser E, Goodman JE, Prueitt RL. Nickel in ambient particulate matter and respiratory or cardiovascular outcomes: A critical review. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 347:123442. [PMID: 38278409 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Exposure to ambient particulate matter (PM) has been associated with respiratory and cardiovascular outcomes, and nickel has been more frequently associated with these outcomes than other metal constituents of ambient PM. Because of this, we evaluated whether the evidence to date supports causal relationships between exposure to nickel in ambient PM and respiratory or cardiovascular outcomes. We critically reviewed 38 studies in human populations published between 2012 and 2022. Although a large variety of respiratory and cardiovascular outcomes were examined, data were sparse for many. As a result, we focused our evaluation on seven respiratory outcomes and three cardiovascular outcomes that were each examined in ≥3 studies. Of these health outcomes, exposure to nickel in ambient PM has been statistically significantly associated with respiratory mortality, respiratory emergency hospital visits, asthma, lung function (i.e., forced expiratory volume in 1 s, forced vital capacity), cardiovascular mortality, and ischemic heart disease mortality. Studies of the health outcomes of focus are subject to multiple methodological limitations, primarily ecological fallacy (short-term exposure studies), exposure measurement error, confounding, model misspecification, and multiple comparisons issue. While some statistically significant associations were reported, they were not strong, precise, or consistent. Statistically significant findings for long-term exposure to nickel in PM were largely reported in studies that could not establish temporality, despite their cohort study design. Statistically significant findings for short-term exposure to nickel in PM were largely reported in studies that could establish temporality, although this cannot inform causal inference at the individual level due to the aggregate level data used. The biological plausibility of the associations is only supported at high concentrations not relevant to ambient exposures. Overall, the literature to date does not provide adequate support for a causal relationship between nickel in ambient PM and respiratory or cardiovascular outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenchao Li
- Gradient, One Beacon St., 17th Floor, Boston, MA, 02108, USA
| | - Jean Zhou
- Gradient, One Beacon St., 17th Floor, Boston, MA, 02108, USA
| | - Denali Boon
- Gradient, One Beacon St., 17th Floor, Boston, MA, 02108, USA
| | - Tongyao Fan
- Gradient, One Beacon St., 17th Floor, Boston, MA, 02108, USA
| | - Elyssa Anneser
- Gradient, One Beacon St., 17th Floor, Boston, MA, 02108, USA
| | - Julie E Goodman
- Gradient, One Beacon St., 17th Floor, Boston, MA, 02108, USA
| | - Robyn L Prueitt
- Gradient, One Beacon St., 17th Floor, Boston, MA, 02108, USA.
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4
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Guo Y, Zhao J, Ma X, Cai M, Chi Y, Sun C, Liu S, Song X, Xu K. Phytochemical reduces toxicity of PM2.5: a review of research progress. Nutr Rev 2024; 82:654-663. [PMID: 37587082 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuad077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies have shown that exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) affects various cells, systems, and organs in vivo and in vitro. PM2.5 adversely affects human health through mechanisms such as oxidative stress, inflammatory response, autophagy, ferroptosis, and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Phytochemicals are of interest for their broad range of physiological activities and few side effects, and, in recent years, they have been widely used to mitigate the adverse effects caused by PM2.5 exposure. In this review, the roles of various phytochemicals are summarized, including those of polyphenols, carotenoids, organic sulfur compounds, and saponin compounds, in mitigating PM2.5-induced adverse reactions through different molecular mechanisms, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant mechanisms, inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum stress and ferroptosis, and regulation of autophagy. These are useful as a scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of disease caused by PM2.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulan Guo
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jinbin Zhao
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xueer Ma
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ming Cai
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuyang Chi
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chunmeng Sun
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shitong Liu
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiuling Song
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Kun Xu
- School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
- The Research Center of Reproduction and Translational Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
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5
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Xu S, Ma L, Wu T, Tian Y, Wu L. Assessment of cellular senescence potential of PM2.5 using 3D human lung fibroblast spheroids in vitro model. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2024; 13:tfae037. [PMID: 38500513 PMCID: PMC10944558 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfae037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Epidemiological studies demonstrate that particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) exposure closely related to chronic respiratory diseases. Cellular senescence plays an important role in many diseases. However, it is not fully clear whether PM2.5 exposure could induce cellular senescence in the human lung. In this study, we generated a three-dimensional (3D) spheroid model using isolated primary human lung fibroblasts (HLFs) to investigate the effects of PM2.5 on cellular senescence at the 3D level. Methods 3D spheroids were exposed to 25-100 μg/ml of PM2.5 in order to evaluate the impact on cellular senescence. SA-β-galactosidase activity, cell proliferation, and the expression of key genes and proteins were detected. Results Exposure of the HLF spheroids to PM2.5 yielded a more sensitive cytotoxicity than 2D HLF cell culture. Importantly, PM2.5 exposure induced the rapid progression of cellular senescence in 3D HLF spheroids, with a dramatically increased SA-β-Gal activity. In exploiting the mechanism underlying the effect of PM2.5 on senescence, we found a significant increase of DNA damage, upregulation of p21 protein levels, and suppression of cell proliferation in PM2.5-treated HLF spheroids. Moreover, PM2.5 exposure created a significant inflammatory response, which may be at least partially associated with the activation of TGF-β1/Smad3 axis and HMGB1 pathway. Conclusions Our results indicate that PM2.5 could induce DNA damage, inflammation, and cellular senescence in 3D HLF spheroids, which may provide a new evidence for PM2.5 toxicity based on a 3D model which has been shown to be more in vivo-like in their phenotype and physiology than 2D cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengmin Xu
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, 111 Jiulong Road, Jingkai District, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Lin Ma
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, 111 Jiulong Road, Jingkai District, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Tao Wu
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 350 Shushanhu Road, Shushan District, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - Yushan Tian
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biological Effects, China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, 6 Cuizhu Street, New & High-tech Industry Development District, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Lijun Wu
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, 111 Jiulong Road, Jingkai District, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 350 Shushanhu Road, Shushan District, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
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6
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Li R, Yan C, Meng Q, Yue Y, Jiang W, Yang L, Zhu Y, Xue L, Gao S, Liu W, Chen T, Meng J. Key toxic components and sources affecting oxidative potential of atmospheric particulate matter using interpretable machine learning: Insights from fog episodes. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 465:133175. [PMID: 38086305 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.133175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Fog significantly affects the air quality and human health. To investigate the health effects and mechanisms of atmospheric fine particulate matter (PM2.5) during fog episodes, PM2.5 samples were collected from the coastal suburb of Qingdao during different seasons from 2021 to 2022, with the major chemical composition in PM2.5 analyzed. The oxidative potential (OP) of PM2.5 was determined using the dithiothreitol (DTT) method. A positive matrix factorization model was adopted for PM2.5. Interpretable machine learning (IML) was used to reveal and quantify the key components and sources affecting OP. PM2.5 exhibited higher oxidative toxicity during fog episodes. Water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC), NH4+, K+, and water-soluble Fe positively affected the enhancement of DTTV (volume-based DTT activity) during fog episodes. The IML analysis demonstrated that WSOC and K+ contributed significantly to DTTV, with values of 0.31 ± 0.34 and 0.27 ± 0.22 nmol min-1 m-3, respectively. Regarding the sources, coal combustion and biomass burning contributed significantly to DTTV (0.40 ± 0.38 and 0.39 ± 0.36 nmol min-1 m-3, respectively), indicating the significant influence of combustion-related sources on OP. This study provides new insights into the effects of PM2.5 compositions and sources on OP by applying IML models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiyu Li
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Caiqing Yan
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China.
| | - Qingpeng Meng
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Yang Yue
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Lingxiao Yang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Yujiao Zhu
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Likun Xue
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Shaopeng Gao
- Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Weijian Liu
- College of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Tianxing Chen
- College of Engineering, University of Washington, 1410 NE Campus Pkwy, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Jingjing Meng
- College of Environment and Planning, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
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7
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Liu K, Zhang Y, He H, Xiao H, Wang S, Zhang Y, Li H, Qian X. Time series prediction of the chemical components of PM 2.5 based on a deep learning model. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 342:140153. [PMID: 37714468 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Modeling-based prediction methods enable rapid, reagent-free air pollution detection based on inexpensive multi-source data than traditional chemical reaction-based detection methods in order to quickly understand the air pollution situation. In this study, a convolutional neural network (CNN) and long and short-term memory (LSTM) neural networks are integrated to create a CNN-LSTM time series prediction model to predict the concentration of PM2.5 and its chemical components (i.e., heavy metals, carbon component, and water-soluble ions) using meteorological data and air pollutants (PM2.5, SO2, NO2, CO, and O3). In the integrated CNN-LSTM model, the CNN uses convolutional and pooling layers to extract features from the data, whereas the powerful nonlinear mapping and learning capabilities of LSTM enable the time series prediction of air pollution. The experimental results showed that the CNN-LSTM exhibited good generalization ability in the prediction of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, and Zn, with a mean R2 above 0.9. Mean R2 predicted for PM2.5, Pb, Ti, EC, OC, SO42-, and NO3- ranged from 0.85 to 0.9. Shapley value showed that PM2.5, NO2, SO2, and CO had a greater influence on the predicted heavy metal results of the model. Regarding water-soluble ions, the predicted results were dominantly influenced by PM2.5, CO, and humidity. The prediction of the carbon fraction was affected mainly by the PM2.5 concentration. Additionally, several input variables for various components were eliminated without affecting the prediction accuracy of the model, with R2 between 0.70 and 0.84, thereby maximizing modeling efficiency and lowering operational costs. The fully trained model prediction results showed that most predicted components of PM2.5 were lower during January to March 2020 than those in 2018 and 2019. This study provides insight into improving the accuracy of modeling-based detection methods and promotes the development of integrated air pollution monitoring toward a more sustainable direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Liu
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Yuanhang Zhang
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Huan He
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China; Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Environmental Risk Prevention and Emergency Response Technology, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Hui Xiao
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Siyuan Wang
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Yuteng Zhang
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Huiming Li
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China; Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Environmental Risk Prevention and Emergency Response Technology, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
| | - Xin Qian
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology (CICAEET), Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, PR China
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8
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Liu C, Hu H, Zhou S, Chen X, Hu Y, Hu J. Change of Composition, Source Contribution, and Oxidative Effects of Environmental PM 2.5 in the Respiratory Tract. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:11605-11611. [PMID: 37487019 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c02780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Fine particulate matter is a leading air pollutant, and its composition profile relates to sources and health effects. The human respiratory tract hosts a warmer and more humid microenvironment in contrast with peripheral environments. However, how the human respiratory tract impacts the transformation of the composition of environmental PM2.5 once they are inhaled and consequently changes of source contribution and health effects are unknown. Here, we show that the respiratory tract can make these properties of PM2.5 reaching the lung different from environmental PM2.5. We found via an in vitro model that the warm and humid conditions drive the desorption of nitrate (about 60%) and ammonium (about 31%) out of PM2.5 during the inhalation process and consequently make source contribution profiles for respiratory tract-deposited PM2.5 different from that for environmental PM2.5 as suggested in 11 Chinese cities and 12 US cities. We also observed that oxidative potential, one of the main health risk causes of PM2.5, increases by 41% after PM2.5 travels through the respiratory tract model. Our results reveal that PM2.5 inhaled in the lung differs from environmental PM2.5. This work provides a starting point for more health-oriented source apportionment, physiology-based health evaluation, and cost-effective control of PM2.5 pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Liu
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, Jiangsu, China
- Engineering Research Center of Building Equipment, Energy, and Environment, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100816, China
| | - Hao Hu
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuonv Zhou
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaole Chen
- School of Energy and Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210042, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yongtao Hu
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Jianlin Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, China
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9
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Hao H, Wang Y, Zhu Q, Zhang H, Rosenberg A, Schwartz J, Amini H, van Donkelaar A, Martin R, Liu P, Weber R, Russel A, Yitshak-sade M, Chang H, Shi L. National Cohort Study of Long-Term Exposure to PM 2.5 Components and Mortality in Medicare American Older Adults. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:6835-6843. [PMID: 37074132 PMCID: PMC10157884 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c07064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence linking long-term fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure to negative health effects. However, the relative influence of each component of PM2.5 on health risk is poorly understood. In a cohort study in the contiguous United States between 2000 and 2017, we examined the effect of long-term exposure to PM2.5 main components and all-cause mortality in older adults who had to be at least 65 years old and enrolled in Medicare. We estimated the yearly mean concentrations of six key PM2.5 compounds, including black carbon (BC), organic matter (OM), soil dust (DUST), nitrate (NO3-), sulfate (SO42-), and ammonium (NH4+), using two independently sourced well-validated prediction models. We applied Cox proportional hazard models to evaluate the hazard ratios for mortality and penalized splines for assessing potential nonlinear concentration-response associations. Results suggested that increased exposure to PM2.5 mass and its six main constituents were significantly linked to elevated all-cause mortality. All components showed linear concentration-response relationships in the low exposure concentration ranges. Our research indicates that long-term exposure to PM2.5 mass and its essential compounds are strongly connected to increased mortality risk. Reductions of fossil fuel burning may yield significant air quality and public health benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Hao
- Gangarosa
Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Yifan Wang
- Gangarosa
Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Qiao Zhu
- Gangarosa
Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Haisu Zhang
- Gangarosa
Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Andrew Rosenberg
- Gangarosa
Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Joel Schwartz
- Department
of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan
School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Department
of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School
of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Heresh Amini
- Section
of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 1353, Denmark
| | - Aaron van Donkelaar
- Department
of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Washington University at St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Randall Martin
- Department
of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Washington University at St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Pengfei Liu
- School of
Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia
Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30318, United States
| | - Rodney Weber
- School of
Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia
Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30318, United States
| | - Armistead Russel
- School of
Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia
Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30318, United States
| | - Maayan Yitshak-sade
- Department
of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Howard Chang
- Department
of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Liuhua Shi
- Gangarosa
Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
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10
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Ebelt ST, D'Souza RR, Yu H, Scovronick N, Moss S, Chang HH. Monitoring vs. modeled exposure data in time-series studies of ambient air pollution and acute health outcomes. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2023; 33:377-385. [PMID: 35595966 PMCID: PMC9675877 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-022-00446-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Population-based short-term air pollution health studies often have limited spatiotemporally representative exposure data, leading to concerns of exposure measurement error. OBJECTIVE To compare the use of monitoring and modeled exposure metrics in time-series analyses of air pollution and cardiorespiratory emergency department (ED) visits. METHODS We obtained daily counts of ED visits for Atlanta, GA during 2009-2013. We leveraged daily ZIP code level concentration estimates for eight pollutants from nine exposure metrics. Metrics included central monitor (CM), monitor-based (inverse distance weighting, kriging), model-based [community multiscale air quality (CMAQ), land use regression (LUR)], and satellite-based measures. We used Poisson models to estimate air pollution health associations using the different exposure metrics. The approach involved: (1) assessing CM-based associations, (2) determining if non-CM metrics can reproduce CM-based associations, and (3) identifying potential value added of incorporating full spatiotemporal information provided by non-CM metrics. RESULTS Using CM exposures, we observed associations between cardiovascular ED visits and carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, fine particulate matter, elemental and organic carbon, and between respiratory ED visits and ozone. Non-CM metrics were largely able to reproduce CM-based associations, although some unexpected results using CMAQ- and LUR-based metrics reduced confidence in these data for some spatiotemporally-variable pollutants. Associations with nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide were only detected, or were stronger, when using metrics that incorporate all available monitoring data (i.e., inverse distance weighting and kriging). SIGNIFICANCE The use of routinely-collected ambient monitoring data for exposure assignment in time-series studies of large metropolitan areas is a sound approach, particularly when data from multiple monitors are available. More sophisticated approaches derived from CMAQ, LUR, or satellites may add value when monitoring data are inadequate and if paired with thorough data characterization. These results are useful for interpretation of existing literature and for improving exposure assessment in future studies. IMPACT STATEMENT This study compared and interpreted the use of monitoring and modeled exposure metrics in a daily time-series analysis of air pollution and cardiorespiratory emergency department visits. The results suggest that the use of routinely-collected ambient monitoring data in population-based short-term air pollution and health studies is a sound approach for exposure assignment in large metropolitan regions. CMAQ-, LUR-, and satellite-based metrics may allow for health effects estimation when monitoring data are sparse, if paired with thorough data characterization. These results are useful for interpretation of existing health effects literature and for improving exposure assessment in future air pollution epidemiology studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie T Ebelt
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Rohan R D'Souza
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Haofei Yu
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Construction Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Noah Scovronick
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Shannon Moss
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Howard H Chang
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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11
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Fujitani Y, Furuyama A, Hayashi M, Hagino H, Kajino M. Assessing oxidative stress induction ability and oxidative potential of PM 2.5 in cities in eastern and western Japan. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 324:138308. [PMID: 36889470 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is an important cause of respiratory diseases associated with exposure to PM2.5. Accordingly, acellular methods for assessing the oxidative potential (OP) of PM2.5 have been evaluated extensively for use as indicators of oxidative stress in living organisms. However, OP-based assessments only reflect the physicochemical properties of particles and do not consider particle-cell interactions. Therefore, to determine the potency of OP under various PM2.5 scenarios, oxidative stress induction ability (OSIA) assessments were performed using a cell-based method, the heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) assay, and the findings were compared with OP measurements obtained using an acellular method, the dithiothreitol assay. For these assays, PM2.5 filter samples were collected in two cities in Japan. To quantitatively determine the relative contribution of the quantity of metals and subtypes of organic aerosols (OA) in PM2.5 to the OSIA and the OP, online measurements and offline chemical analysis were also performed. The findings showed a positive relationship between the OSIA and OP for water-extracted samples, confirming that the OP is generally well suited for use as an indicator of the OSIA. However, the correspondence between the two assays differed for samples with a high water-soluble (WS)-Pb content, which had a higher OSIA than would be expected from the OP of other samples. The results of reagent-solution experiments showed that the WS-Pb induced the OSIA, but not the OP, in 15-min reactions, suggesting a reason for the inconsistent relationship between the two assays across samples. Multiple linear regression analyses and reagent-solution experiments showed that WS transition metals and biomass burning OA accounted for approximately 30-40% and 50% of the total OSIA or the total OP of water-extracted PM2.5 samples, respectively. This is the first study to evaluate the association between cellular oxidative stress assessed by the HO-1 assay and the different subtypes of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Fujitani
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan.
| | - Akiko Furuyama
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan
| | - Masahiko Hayashi
- Faculty of Science, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Jyonan-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Hagino
- Japan Automobile Research Institute, 2530 Karima, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0822, Japan
| | - Mizuo Kajino
- Meteorological Research Institute, Japan Meteorological Agency, 1-1 Nagamine, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0052, Japan
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12
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Liu X, Pang L, Yue Y, Li H, Chatzisymeon E, Lu Y, Yang P. Insights into the shift of microbial community related to nitrogen cycle, especially N 2O in vanadium-polluted soil. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 322:121253. [PMID: 36773688 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Soil is a vital contributor to the production of nitrous oxide (N2O), a potent greenhouse gas, through the nitrogen cycle, which can be influenced by accumulated vanadium (V) in soil but it is less pronounced. This work investigated the response of soil N2O fluxes along with major nitrogen cycle products (ammonium, nitrate, and nitrite) to different vanadium contents (0, 200, 500, 800, and 1100 mg V/kg), and the underlying microbial mechanisms. N2O fluxes was significantly influenced at high V content (1100 mg V/kg) due to its corresponding high water-soluble V content. Microbial composition and their correlations with nitrogen cycle products showed that microbes in dominant phyla (Actinobacteriota and Proteobacteria) and genus (Nocardioides, Lysobacter, Sphingomonas, and Marmoricola) might be the important contributor to N2O fluxes regardless of the V content. Moreover, high V contents (800, and 1100 mg V/kg) could enrich microbes involved in nitrogen cycle, but weaken their correlations with nitrogen-related products, such as in genus Bacillus, and change microbial correlation with N2O from associated with nitrate and nitrite to ammonium. Meanwhile, functional gene predication results showed that denitrifying genes nirKS and nosZ were negatively and positively correlated with V contents, respectively. These all further suggested that the shift of possible N2O metabolic pathways induced mainly by water-soluble V might be the underlying reason for N2O fluxes. These findings promote an understanding of the potential effect of metal pollution on N2O fluxes in soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuna Liu
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, PR China
| | - Lina Pang
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, School of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, PR China.
| | - Yao Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, School of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, PR China
| | - Hongna Li
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Efthalia Chatzisymeon
- Institute for Infrastructure and Environment, School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3JL, United Kingdom
| | - Yuanyuan Lu
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, PR China
| | - Ping Yang
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, PR China
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13
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Fazakas E, Neamtiu IA, Gurzau ES. Health effects of air pollutant mixtures (volatile organic compounds, particulate matter, sulfur and nitrogen oxides) - a review of the literature. REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2023; 0:reveh-2022-0252. [PMID: 36932657 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2022-0252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The health risks associated with individual air pollutant exposures have been studied and documented, but in real-life, the population is exposed to a multitude of different substances, designated as mixtures. A body of literature on air pollutants indicated that the next step in air pollution research is investigating pollutant mixtures and their potential impacts on health, as a risk assessment of individual air pollutants may actually underestimate the overall risks. This review aims to synthesize the health effects related to air pollutant mixtures containing selected pollutants such as: volatile organic compounds, particulate matter, sulfur and nitrogen oxides. For this review, the PubMed database was used to search for articles published within the last decade, and we included studies assessing the associations between air pollutant mixtures and health effects. The literature search was conducted according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. A number of 110 studies were included in the review from which data on pollutant mixtures, health effects, methods used, and primary results were extracted. Our review emphasized that there are a relatively small number of studies addressing the health effects of air pollutants as mixtures and there is a gap in knowledge regarding the health effects associated with these mixtures. Studying the health effects of air pollutant mixtures is challenging due to the complexity of components that mixtures may contain, and the possible interactions these different components may have.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emese Fazakas
- Health Department, Environmental Health Center, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Iulia A Neamtiu
- Health Department, Environmental Health Center, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Eugen S Gurzau
- Health Department, Environmental Health Center, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Research Center for functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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14
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Yount CS, Utell MJ, Hopke PK, Thurston SW, Lin S, Ling FS, Chen Y, Chalupa D, Deng X, Rich DQ. Triggering of ST-elevation myocardial infarction by ultrafine particles in New York: Changes following Tier 3 vehicle introduction. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 216:114445. [PMID: 36181892 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previously, we found increased rates of ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) associated with increased ultrafine particle (UFP; <100 nm) concentrations in the previous few hours in Rochester, New York. Relative rates were higher after air quality policies and a recession reduced pollutant concentrations (2014-2016 versus 2005-2013), suggesting PM composition had changed and the same PM mass concentration had become more toxic. Tier 3 light duty vehicles, which should produce less primary organic aerosols and oxidizable gaseous compounds, likely making PM less toxic, were introduced in 2017. Thus, we hypothesized we would observe a lower relative STEMI rate in 2017-2019 than 2014-2016. METHODS Using STEMI events treated at the University of Rochester Medical Center (2014-2019), UFP and other pollutants measured in Rochester, a case-crossover design, and conditional logistic regression models, we estimated the rate of STEMI associated with increased UFP and other pollutants in the previous hours and days in the 2014-2016 and 2017-2019 periods. RESULTS An increased rate of STEMI was associated with each 3111 particles/cm3 increase in UFP concentration in the previous hour in 2014-2016 (lag hour 0: OR = 1.22; 95% CI = 1.06, 1.39), but not in 2017-2019 (OR = 0.94; 95% CI = 0.80, 1.10). There were similar patterns for black carbon, UFP11-50nm, and UFP51-100nm. In contrast, increased rates of STEMI were associated with each 0.6 ppb increase in SO2 concentration in the previous 120 h in both periods (2014-2016: OR = 1.26, 95% CI = 1.03, 1.55; 2017-2019: OR = 1.21, 95% CI = 0.87, 1.68). CONCLUSIONS Greater rates of STEMI were associated with short term increases in concentrations of UFP and other motor vehicle related pollutants before Tier 3 introduction (2014-2016), but not afterwards (2017-2019). This change may be due to changes in PM composition after Tier 3 introduction, as well as to increased exposure misclassification and greater underestimation of effects from 2017 to 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine S Yount
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, 265 Crittenden Boulevard CU420644, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Mark J Utell
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue Box 692, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA; Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue Box EHSC, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Philip K Hopke
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, 265 Crittenden Boulevard CU420644, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA; Center for Air and Aquatic Resources Engineering and Sciences, Clarkson University, 8 Clarkson Avenue Box 5708, Potsdam, NY, 13699, USA
| | - Sally W Thurston
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue Box EHSC, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA; Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, 265 Crittenden Boulevard CU420630, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Shao Lin
- Department of Environmental Health, University at Albany School of Public Health, State University of New York, 1 University Place, Rensselaer, NY, 12144, USA
| | - Frederick S Ling
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Yunle Chen
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, 265 Crittenden Boulevard CU420644, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - David Chalupa
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue Box EHSC, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Xinlei Deng
- Department of Environmental Health, University at Albany School of Public Health, State University of New York, 1 University Place, Rensselaer, NY, 12144, USA
| | - David Q Rich
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, 265 Crittenden Boulevard CU420644, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue Box 692, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA; Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue Box EHSC, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.
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15
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Chaulin AM, Sergeev AK. Modern Concepts of the Role of Fine Particles (PM 2.5) in the Genesis of Atherosclerosis and Myocardial Damage: Clinical and Epidemiological Data, the Main Pathophysiological Mechanisms. Curr Cardiol Rev 2023; 19:e170822207573. [PMID: 35980071 PMCID: PMC10201893 DOI: 10.2174/1573403x18666220817103105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the fact that atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) dominate in the structure of morbidity, disability and mortality of the population, the study of the risk factors for the development of atherosclerotic CVDs, as well as the study of the underlying pathogenetic mechanisms thereof, is the most important area of scientific research in modern medicine. Understanding these aspects will allow improving the set of treatment and preventive measures and activities. One of the important risk factors for the development of atherosclerosis, which has been actively studied recently, is air pollution with fine particulate matter (PM 2.5). According to clinical and epidemiological data, the level of air pollution with PM 2.5 exceeds the normative indicators in most regions of the world and is associated with subclinical markers of atherosclerosis and mortality from atherosclerotic CVDs. The aim of this article is to systematize and discuss in detail the role of PM 2.5 in the development of atherosclerosis and myocardial damage with the consideration of epidemiological and pathogenetic aspects. Materials and Methods: This narrative review is based on the analysis of publications in the Medline, PubMed, and Embase databases. The terms "fine particles" and "PM 2.5" in combination with "pathophysiological mechanisms," "cardiovascular diseases", "atherosclerosis", "cardiac troponins", "myocardial damage" and "myocardial injury" were used to search publications. Conclusion: According to the conducted narrative review, PM 2.5 should be regarded as the significant risk factor for the development of atherosclerotic CVDs. The pro-atherogenic effect of fine particulate matter is based on several fundamental and closely interrelated pathophysiological mechanisms: endothelial dysfunction, impaired lipid metabolism, increased oxidative stress and inflammatory reactions, impaired functioning of the vegetative nervous system and increased activity of the hemostatic system. In addition, PM 2.5 causes subclinical damage to cardiac muscle cells by several mechanisms: apoptosis, oxidative stress, decreased oxygen delivery due to coronary atherosclerosis and ischemic damage of cardiomyocytes. Highly sensitive cardiac troponins are promising markers for detecting subclinical myocardial damage in people living in polluted regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksey Michailovich Chaulin
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery, Samara State Medical University, Samara, 443099, Russia
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Samara State Medical University, Samara, 443099, Russia
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16
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Wang X, Shen Z, Huang S, Che H, Zhang L, Lei Y, Sun J, Shen G, Xu H, Cao J. Water-soluble iron in PM 2.5 in winter over six Chinese megacities: Distributions, sources, and environmental implications. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 314:120329. [PMID: 36195196 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Water-soluble iron (ws-Fe) in PM2.5 plays a crucial role in biogeochemical cycles and atmospheric chemical processes. The anthropogenic sources of ws-Fe have attracted considerable attention owing to its high solubility. However, few studies have investigated the content of PM2.5 ws-Fe in the urban environment. In the present study, we characterized the spatial distributions of ws-Fe in six Chinese megacities in the winter of 2019. Furthermore, we investigated the speciation of PM2.5 ws-Fe (ws-Fe(II) and ws-Fe(III)), potential sources of ws-Fe, and association between ws-Fe and particle-bound reactive oxygen species (ROS). Higher ws-Fe concentrations were observed in northern cities (Harbin, Beijing, and Xi'an) than in southern cities (Chengdu, Wuhan, and Guangzhou). Moreover, atmospheric ws-Fe concentrations in urban China were several folds higher than those in urban areas of the United States and several orders of magnitude higher than those in remote oceans, indicating that China is a key contributor to global atmospheric ws-Fe. The dominant form of ws-Fe was ws-Fe(III) in Beijing, whereas ws-Fe(II) was more abundant in the other five cities. The concentrations of ws-Fe and ws-Fe(II) concentrations increased with increasing PM2.5 levels in all the six cities, however, we did not observe any consistent pattern of ws-Fe(III) concentration. Biomass burning was a dominant source of ws-Fe in all cities except Beijing. A strong positive correlation was observed between particle-bound ROS content and ws-Fe; this finding is consistent with those of previous studies indicating that ws-Fe in PM2.5 notably influences atmospheric chemical processes and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China; SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhenxing Shen
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China.
| | - Shasha Huang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Huizheng Che
- Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry (LAC), Institute of Atmospheric Composition, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences (CAMS), Beijing, China
| | - Leiming Zhang
- Air Quality Research Division, Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change CanadaScience and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Toronto, Canada
| | - Yali Lei
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Guofeng Shen
- Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Hongmei Xu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Junji Cao
- SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China
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17
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Chaulin AM, Sergeev AK. The Role of Fine Particles (PM 2.5) in the Genesis of Atherosclerosis and Myocardial Damage: Emphasis on Clinical and Epidemiological Data, and Pathophysiological Mechanisms. Cardiol Res 2022; 13:268-282. [PMID: 36405225 PMCID: PMC9635774 DOI: 10.14740/cr1366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the fact that atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) dominate in the structure of morbidity, disability and mortality of the population, the study of the risk factors for the development of atherosclerotic CVDs, as well as the study of the underlying pathogenetic mechanisms thereof, is the most important area of scientific research in modern medicine. Understanding these aspects will allow to improve the set of treatment and preventive measures and activities. One of the important risk factors for the development of atherosclerosis, which has been actively studied recently, is air pollution with fine particulate matter (PM 2.5). According to clinical and epidemiological data, the level of air pollution with PM 2.5 exceeds the normative indicators in most regions of the world and is associated with subclinical markers of atherosclerosis and mortality from atherosclerotic CVDs. The aim of this article is to systematize and discuss in detail the role of PM 2.5 in the development of atherosclerosis and myocardial damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksey Michailovich Chaulin
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery, Samara State Medical University, Samara 443099, Russia
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Samara State Medical University, Samara 443099, Russia
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18
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Miller AG, Ebelt S, Levy K. Combined Sewer Overflows and Gastrointestinal Illness in Atlanta, 2002-2013: Evaluating the Impact of Infrastructure Improvements. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2022; 130:57009. [PMID: 35580035 PMCID: PMC9113542 DOI: 10.1289/ehp10399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Combined sewer overflows (CSOs) discharge untreated sewage into surface and recreational water, often following heavy precipitation. Given projected increases in frequency and intensity of precipitation due to climate change, it is important to understand the health impacts of CSOs and mediating effects of sewerage systems. OBJECTIVES In this study we estimate associations of CSO events and emergency department (ED) visits for gastrointestinal (GI) illness among City of Atlanta, Georgia, residents and explore how these associations vary with sewerage improvements. METHODS We estimate associations using Poisson generalized linear models, controlling for time trends. We categorized CSOs by overflow volume and assessed effects of CSO events prior to ED visits with 1-, 2- and 3-wk lags. Similarly, we evaluated effects of weekly cumulative precipitation greater than the 90th percentile at the same lags. We also evaluated effect modification by ZIP Code Tabulation Area (ZCTA)-level poverty and infrastructure improvement period using interaction terms. RESULTS Occurrence of a large volume CSO in the previous week was associated with a 9% increase in daily ED visits for GI illness. We identified significant interaction by ZCTA-level poverty, with stronger CSO-GI illness associations in low than high poverty areas. Among areas with low poverty, we observed associations at 1-wk and longer lags, following both large and lower volume CSO events. We did not observe significant interaction by infrastructure improvement period for CSO- nor precipitation-GI illness associations; however, the number of CSO events decreased from 2.31 per week before improvements to 0.49 after improvements. DISCUSSION Our findings suggest that CSOs contribute to acute GI illness burden in Atlanta and that the magnitude of this risk may be higher among populations living in areas of low poverty. We did not find a protective effect of sewerage system improvements. Nonetheless, observed reductions in CSO frequency may lower the absolute burden of GI illness attributable to these events. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP10399.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa G. Miller
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Stefanie Ebelt
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Karen Levy
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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19
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Huang R, Li Z, Ivey CE, Zhai X, Shi G, Mulholland JA, Devlin R, Russell AG. Application of an Improved Gas-constrained Source Apportionment Method Using Data Fused Fields: a Case Study in North Carolina, USA. ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT (OXFORD, ENGLAND : 1994) 2022; 276:119031. [PMID: 35814352 PMCID: PMC9262331 DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2022.119031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
A number of studies have found differing associations of disease outcomes with PM2.5 components (or species) and sources (e.g., biomass burning, diesel vehicles and gasoline vehicles). Here, a unique method of fusing daily chemical transport model (Community Multiscale Air Quality Modeling) results with observations has been utilized to generate spatiotemporal fields of the concentrations of major gaseous pollutants (CO, NO2, NOx, O3, and SO2), total PM2.5 mass, and speciated PM2.5 (including crustal elements) over North Carolina for 2002-2010. The fused results are then used in chemical mass balance source apportionment model, CMBGC-Iteration, which uses both gas constraint and particulate matter concentrations to quantify source impacts. The method, as applied to North Carolina, quantifies the impacts of ten source categories and provides estimates of source contributions to PM2.5 concentrations. The ten source categories include both primary sources (diesel vehicles, gasoline vehicles, dust, biomass burning, coal-fired power plants and sea salt) and secondary components (ammonium sulfate, ammonium bisulfate, ammonium nitrate and secondary organic carbon). The results show a steady decrease in anthropogenic source impacts, especially from diesel vehicles and coal-fired power plants. Secondary pollutant components accounted for approximately 70% of PM2.5 mass. This study demonstrates an ability to provide spatiotemporal fields of both PM components and source impacts using a chemical transport model fused with observation data, linked to a receptor-based source apportionment method, to develop spatiotemporal fields of multiple pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Huang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Zongrun Li
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Cesunica E. Ivey
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Xinxin Zhai
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Guoliang Shi
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, Center for Urban Transport Emission Research, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - James A. Mulholland
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Robert Devlin
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Armistead G. Russell
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Correspondence:
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20
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW With cardiovascular disease (CVD) being the top cause of deaths worldwide, it is important to ensure healthy cardiovascular aging through enhanced understanding and prevention of adverse health effects exerted by external factors. This review aims to provide an updated understanding of environmental influences on cardiovascular aging, by summarizing epidemiological and mechanistic evidence for the cardiovascular health impact of major environmental stressors, including air pollution, endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), metals, and climate change. RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies generally support positive associations of exposure to multiple chemical environmental stressors (air pollution, EDCs, toxic metals) and extreme temperatures with increased risks of cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in the population. Environmental stressors have also been associated with a number of cardiovascular aging-related subclinical changes including biomarkers in the population, which are supported by evidence from relevant experimental studies. The elderly and patients are the most vulnerable demographic groups to majority environmental stressors. Future studies should account for the totality of individuals' exposome in addition to single chemical pollutants or environmental factors. Specific factors most responsible for the observed health effects related to cardiovascular aging remain to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Lan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 Yanta West Road, Yanta District, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, 710061, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases in Ministry of Health, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shaowei Wu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 Yanta West Road, Yanta District, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, 710061, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases in Ministry of Health, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
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21
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Yang F, Liu C, Qian H. Comparison of indoor and outdoor oxidative potential of PM 2.5: pollution levels, temporal patterns, and key constituents. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 155:106684. [PMID: 34118656 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative potential (OP) of PM2.5 is an emerging health indicator representing its ability to induce oxidative stress and cause adverse health effects. We examined pollution levels, temporal variations, and key constituents of PM2.5 OP by DTT assay in both indoor and outdoor environments in Nanjing, China, for over one year. Outdoor OPM (mass-normalized OP characterizes toxicity) and OPV (volume-based OP characterizes overall oxidative burden) in Nanjing were at a medium level compared to results reported for twenty-seven cities. Although PM2.5 mass concentration consistently decreased during outdoor-to-indoor transport, OPM varied by a factor of up to 2 in either direction, indicating a change of PM2.5's ability to disrupt oxidative-reductive balance. Temporally, both outdoor and indoor OPM exhibited a significant seasonality pattern (P < 0.01) as autumn > summer > spring > winter. Outdoor and indoor daytime-nighttime OPV and OPM are fluctuating within two-fold range. In addition, the change in water-soluble Fe had the highest correlation coefficient (P < 0.05) with ΔOPM (ΔOPM = OPM, in-OPM, out) among constituents measured here. Our results suggest that development of mitigation strategies take indoor PM2.5's OP into account, instead of outdoors only, since they differ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, China; Engineering Research Center of Building Equipment, Energy, and Environment, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
| | - Cong Liu
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, China; Engineering Research Center of Building Equipment, Energy, and Environment, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China.
| | - Hua Qian
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, China; Engineering Research Center of Building Equipment, Energy, and Environment, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
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22
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Short-term exposure to fine particulate air pollution and emergency department visits for kidney diseases in the Atlanta metropolitan area. Environ Epidemiol 2021; 5:e164. [PMID: 34414347 PMCID: PMC8367053 DOI: 10.1097/ee9.0000000000000164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Toxicological evidence has shown that fine particulate matter (PM2.5) may affect distant organs, including kidneys, over the short term. However, epidemiological evidence is limited. OBJECTIVES We investigated associations between short-term exposure to PM2.5, major PM2.5 components [elemental carbon (EC), organic carbon (OC), sulfate, and nitrate], and gaseous co-pollutants (O3, CO, SO2, NO2, and NOx) and emergency department (ED) visits for kidney diseases during 2002-2008 in Atlanta, Georgia. METHODS Log-linear time-series models were fitted to estimate the acute effects of air pollution, with single-day and unconstrained distributed lags, on rates of ED visits for kidney diseases [all renal diseases and acute renal failure (ARF)], controlling for meteorology (maximum air and dew-point temperatures) and time (season, day of week, holidays, and long-term time trend). RESULTS For all renal diseases, we observed positive associations for most air pollutants, particularly 8-day cumulative exposure to OC [rate ratio (RR) = 1.018, (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.003, 1.034)] and EC [1.016 (1.000, 1.031)] per interquartile range increase exposure. For ARF, we observed positive associations particularly for 8-day exposure to OC [1.034 (1.005, 1.064)], EC [1.032 (1.002, 1.063)], nitrate [1.032 (0.996, 1.069)], and PM2.5 [1.026 (0.997, 1.057)] per interquartile range increase exposure. We also observed positive associations for most criteria gases. The RR estimates were generally higher for ARF than all renal diseases. CONCLUSIONS We observed positive associations between short-term exposure to fine particulate air pollution and kidney disease outcomes. This study adds to the growing epidemiological evidence that fine particles may impact distant organs (e.g., kidneys) over the short term.
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23
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Peng J, Yi B, Wang M, Tan J, Huang Z. CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Whole Genomic Wide Knockout Screening Identifies Specific Genes Associated With PM 2.5-Induced Mineral Absorption in Liver Toxicity. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:669434. [PMID: 34307318 PMCID: PMC8293916 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.669434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PM2.5, also known as fine particles, refers to particulate matter with a dynamic diameter of ≦2.5 μm in air pollutants, that carries metals (Zn, Co, Cd) which can pass through the alveolar epithelium and enter the circulatory system and tissues. PM2.5 can cause serious health problems, such as non-alcoholic fatty liver and hepatocellular carcinoma, although the underlying mechanisms of its toxic effect are poorly understood. Here, we exposed L02 cells to PM2.5 and performed a pooled genome−wide clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) to assess loss of function and identify new potential PM2.5targets. Enrichr and KEGG pathway analyses were performed to identify candidate genes associated with PM2.5 toxicity. Results revealed that four key genes, namely ATPase Na+/K+ transporting subunit alpha 2 (ATP1A2), metallothionein 1M (MT1M), solute carrier family 6 members 19 (SLC6A19) and transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 6 (TRPV6) were associated with PM2.5 toxicity, mainly in regulating the mineral absorption pathway. Downregulating these genes increased cell viability and attenuated apoptosis in cells exposed to PM2.5. Conversely, overexpressing TRPV6 exacerbated cell apoptosis caused by PM2.5, while a reactive oxygen species (ROS) inhibitor N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) alleviated PM2.5-induced apoptosis. In conclusion, ATP1A2, MT1M, SLC6A19 and TRPV6 may be contributing to absorption of metals in PM2.5 thereby inducing apoptosis mediated by ROS. Therefore, they hold potential as therapeutic targets for PM2.5-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfu Peng
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Pharmacy, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bin Yi
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Nephrology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mengyao Wang
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jieqiong Tan
- Center for Medical Genetics, Life Science School, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhijun Huang
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Nephrology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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24
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Zhang B, Shen H, Liu P, Guo H, Hu Y, Chen Y, Xie S, Xi Z, Skipper TN, Russell AG. Significant contrasts in aerosol acidity between China and the United States. ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS 2021; 21:8341-8356. [PMID: 38106813 PMCID: PMC10723067 DOI: 10.5194/acp-21-8341-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Aerosol acidity governs several key processes in aerosol physics and chemistry, thus affecting aerosol mass and composition and ultimately climate and human health. Previous studies have reported aerosol pH values separately in China and the United States (USA), implying different aerosol acidity between these two countries. However, there is debate about whether mass concentration or chemical composition is the more important driver of differences in aerosol acidity. A full picture of the pH difference and the underlying mechanisms responsible is hindered by the scarcity of simultaneous measurements of particle composition and gaseous species, especially in China. Here we conduct a comprehensive assessment of aerosol acidity in China and the USA using extended ground-level measurements and regional chemical transport model simulations. We show that aerosols in China are significantly less acidic than in the USA, with pH values 1-2 units higher. Based on a proposed multivariable Taylor series method and a series of sensitivity tests, we identify major factors leading to the pH difference. Compared to the USA, China has much higher aerosol mass concentrations (gas + particle, by a factor of 8.4 on average) and a higher fraction of total ammonia (gas + particle) in the aerosol composition. Our assessment shows that the differences in mass concentrations and chemical composition play equally important roles in driving the aerosol pH difference between China and the USA - increasing the aerosol mass concentrations (by a factor of 8.4) but keeping the relative component contributions the same in the USA as the level in China increases the aerosol pH by ~1.0 units and further shifting the chemical composition from US conditions to China's that are richer in ammonia increases the aerosol pH by ~0.9 units. Therefore, China being both more polluted than the USA and richer in ammonia explains the aerosol pH difference. The difference in aerosol acidity highlighted in the present study implies potential differences in formation mechanisms, physicochemical properties, and toxicity of aerosol particles in these two countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingqing Zhang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - Huizhong Shen
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Pengfei Liu
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - Hongyu Guo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Yongtao Hu
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - Yilin Chen
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Shaodong Xie
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Ziyan Xi
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - T. Nash Skipper
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - Armistead G. Russell
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
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25
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Hsu CY, Chi KH, Wu CD, Lin SL, Hsu WC, Tseng CC, Chen MJ, Chen YC. Integrated analysis of source-specific risks for PM 2.5-bound metals in urban, suburban, rural, and industrial areas. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 275:116652. [PMID: 33588193 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The levels and characteristics of atmospheric metals vary in time and location, can result in various health impacts, which increases the challenge of air quality management. We aimed to investigate PM2.5-bound metals in multiple locations and propose a methodology for comparing metal elements across study regions and prioritizing source contributions through integrated health risk assessments. PM2.5-bound metals were collected in the urban, suburban, rural, and industrial regions of Taiwan between 2016 and 2018. We incorporated the positive matrix factorization (PMF) with health risk assessments (considering estimates of the margin of exposure (MOE) and excess cancer risk (ECR)) to prioritize sources for control. We found that the concentrations of Fe, Zn, V, Cu, and Mn (industry-related metals) were higher at the industrial site (Kaohsiung) and Ba, Cr, Ni, Mo, and Co (traffic-related metals) were higher at the urban site (Taipei). The rural site (Hualian) had good air quality, with low PM2.5 and metal concentrations. Most metal concentrations were higher during the cold season for all study sites, except for the rural. Ambient concentrations of Mn, Cr, and Pb obtained from all study sites presents a higher health risk of concern. In Kaohsiung, south Taiwan, PM2.5-bound metals from the iron ore and steel factory is suggested as the first target for control based on the calculated health risks (MOE < 1 and ECR > 10-6). Overall, we proposed an integrated strategy for initiating the source management prioritization of PM2.5-bound metals, which can aid an effort for policymaking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Yu Hsu
- Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, 84 Gungjuan Rd., Taishan Dist., New Taipei City, 24301, Taiwan; Center for Environmental Sustainability and Human Health, Ming Chi University of Technology, 84 Gungjuan Rd., Taishan Dist., New Taipei City, 24301, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Hsien Chi
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, 1 Daxue Road., East District., Tainan City, 701, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Da Wu
- Department of Geomatics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Lun Lin
- Department of Civil Engineering and Geomatics, Cheng Shiu University, 840, Chengqing Road, Niaosong District, Kaohsiung City, 833, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chang Hsu
- Department of Civil Engineering and Resource Management, Dahan Institute of Technology, 1 Shuren Street, Xincheng Township, Hualien County, 971, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chieh Tseng
- Department of Public Health, Tzu Chi University, 701, Zhongyang Road, Hualien City, Hualien County, 970, Taiwan
| | - Mu-Jean Chen
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan Town, Miaoli, 35053, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Cheng Chen
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan Town, Miaoli, 35053, Taiwan; Department of Occupational Safety and Health, China Medical University, 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.
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26
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Shahpoury P, Zhang ZW, Arangio A, Celo V, Dabek-Zlotorzynska E, Harner T, Nenes A. The influence of chemical composition, aerosol acidity, and metal dissolution on the oxidative potential of fine particulate matter and redox potential of the lung lining fluid. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 148:106343. [PMID: 33454608 PMCID: PMC7868889 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution is a major environmental health risk and it contributes to respiratory and cardiovascular diseases and excess mortality worldwide. The adverse health effects have been associated with the inhalation of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and induction of respiratory oxidative stress. In this work, we quantified the oxidative potential (OP) of PM2.5 from several Canadian cities (Toronto, Hamilton, Montreal, Vancouver) using a recently developed bioanalytical method which measures the oxidation of lung antioxidants, glutathione, cysteine, and ascorbic acid, the formation of glutathione disulfide and cystine, and the related redox potential (RP) in a simulated epithelial lining fluid (SELF). We evaluated the application of empirical SELF RP as a new metric for aerosol OP. We further investigated how PM2.5 chemical composition and OP are related across various emission source sectors and whether these features are linked to specific properties of aerosol aqueous phase, such as pH and metal-ligand complexation. The OP indicators including SELF RP were strongly correlated among each other, indicating that the empirical RP could be used as a reliable metric in future studies. OP based on ascorbic acid showed dependency on the emission source sectors, most likely due to variation in the solubility of Fe. Traffic emissions resulted in the highest OP, followed by industrial emissions and resuspended crustal matter. OP presented low correlation with PM2.5 concentrations, low-moderate correlation with the aerosol organic matter, and moderate-strong association with black carbon and transition metals across the sites. We did not find strong association between the concentration of biomass burning tracers and OP. Copper was the only metal that showed high association with OP across all sites, whereas the correlation with other metals, such as iron, manganese, and titanium, showed clear dependency on the source sectors. The aerosol pH correlated negatively with ambient temperature and positively with biomass burning tracers and the levels of nitrate, ammonium, and aerosol liquid water content. The solubility of Fe was associated with sulfate and aerosol pH at most sites, suggesting the involvement of proton-mediated dissolution pathway, while this was not visible at the site influenced by industrial emission, most likely due to the abundance of pyrogenic Fe. The effect of metal-ligand complexation on the solubility of transition metals, in particular Fe, was clearly observed at all sites, whereas a combined effect with aerosol pH, and a subsequent impact on OP, was only seen at the traffic site in Toronto. The enhanced solubility of Fe due to proton- and ligand-mediated dissolution pathways and subsequent formation of reactive oxygen species may in part explain the health effects of PM2.5 seen in previous epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pourya Shahpoury
- Air Quality Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Zheng Wei Zhang
- Air Quality Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Toronto, Canada
| | - Andrea Arangio
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Processes and their Impacts, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Valbona Celo
- Air Quality Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | | | - Tom Harner
- Air Quality Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Toronto, Canada
| | - Athanasios Nenes
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Processes and their Impacts, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Switzerland; Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, Patras, Greece
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27
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Reich BJ, Guan Y, Fourches D, Warren JL, Sarnat SE, Chang HH. INTEGRATIVE STATISTICAL METHODS FOR EXPOSURE MIXTURES AND HEALTH. Ann Appl Stat 2020; 14:1945-1963. [PMID: 35284031 PMCID: PMC8914338 DOI: 10.1214/20-aoas1364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
Humans are concurrently exposed to chemically, structurally and toxicologically diverse chemicals. A critical challenge for environmental epidemiology is to quantify the risk of adverse health outcomes resulting from exposures to such chemical mixtures and to identify which mixture constituents may be driving etiologic associations. A variety of statistical methods have been proposed to address these critical research questions. However, they generally rely solely on measured exposure and health data available within a specific study. Advancements in understanding of the role of mixtures on human health impacts may be better achieved through the utilization of external data and knowledge from multiple disciplines with innovative statistical tools. In this paper we develop new methods for health analyses that incorporate auxiliary information about the chemicals in a mixture, such as physicochemical, structural and/or toxicological data. We expect that the constituents identified using auxiliary information will be more biologically meaningful than those identified by methods that solely utilize observed correlations between measured exposure. We develop flexible Bayesian models by specifying prior distributions for the exposures and their effects that include auxiliary information and examine this idea over a spectrum of analyses from regression to factor analysis. The methods are applied to study the effects of volatile organic compounds on emergency room visits in Atlanta. We find that including cheminformatic information about the exposure variables improves prediction and provides a more interpretable model for emergency room visits for respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Reich
- Department of Statistics, North Carolina State University
| | - Yawen Guan
- Department of Statistics, University of Nebraska
| | - Denis Fourches
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University
| | | | | | - Howard H Chang
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Emory University
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28
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Han I, Richner D, An Han H, Hopkins L, James D, Symanski E. Evaluation of metal aerosols in four communities adjacent to metal recyclers in Houston, Texas, USA. JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION (1995) 2020; 70:568-579. [PMID: 32315255 PMCID: PMC7390491 DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2020.1755385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The metal recycling industry provides jobs, generates revenue in local communities and conserves energy and resources. Nonetheless, possible negative impacts of metal recyclers (MRs) include the potential for emissions of metal aerosols and other dusts, noise, traffic and fire during operations. In Houston, Texas, there were more than 180 resident complaints about air quality related to MRs from 2006 to 2011 that were reported to the city's 311 call system. As a part of a community-based participatory research study, Metal Air Pollution Partnership Solutions (MAPPS), we evaluated the impact of metal emissions from MRs on air quality over two years in four environmental justice communities. We simultaneously collected samples of inhalable particles (aerodynamic particle size less than 10 µm, PM10) using a sampling strategy to capture emissions from the MRs while they were in operation at four locations within each community: an upwind location, the fence line of MR and two downwind locations and analyzed the samples for 10 metals. The highest values of iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), arsenic (As) and chromium (Cr) were detected at the fence lines of MRs. The normalized ratios of these metals at near and far neighborhood locations were 0.01 to 0.64 and 0.01 to 0.34, respectively, as compared with the metals at the fence line. The concentrations of metals rapidly decreased by 57-70% within 100 meters and reached similar levels at upwind (background) locations at approximately 600 meters. After adjusting the measured data for wind direction, rain and operating hours, we calculated non-carcinogenic hazard index values and carcinogenic risks for adult residents from breathing metals emitted from the facilities. Estimated inhalation cancer risks ranged from 0.12 case to 24 cases in 1 million people and the hazard index values ranged from 0.04 to 11.Implications: In Houston, Texas, residents complained about air quality related to metal recyclers from 2006 to 2011. Using a community-based participatory research method, metal emissions were characterized at four environmental justice communities. The results indicate that metal concentrations were the highest at the fence line and decreased by 57-70% within 100 meters and reached similar levels of background at 600 meters. After adjusting the measured data for meteorological parameters and operating hours, estimated inhalation cancer risks ranged from 0.12 cases to 24 cases in 1 million people and hazard index values ranged from 0.04 to 11.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inkyu Han
- Southwest Center for Occupational and Environmental Health (SWCOEH), Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth) School of Public Health, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Donald Richner
- Houston Health Department, Bureau of Pollution Control and Prevention, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Heyreoun An Han
- Southwest Center for Occupational and Environmental Health (SWCOEH), Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth) School of Public Health, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Loren Hopkins
- Department of Statistics, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
- Houston Health Department, Bureau of Community and Children’s Environmental Health, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Daisy James
- Houston Health Department, Bureau of Pollution Control and Prevention, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Elaine Symanski
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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29
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Blumberg AH, Ebelt ST, Liang D, Morris CR, Sarnat JA. Ambient air pollution and sickle cell disease-related emergency department visits in Atlanta, GA. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 184:109292. [PMID: 32179263 PMCID: PMC7847665 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sickle cell disease (SCD) is an inherited, autosomal recessive blood disorder, among the most prevalent genetic diseases, globally. While the genetic and hemolytic dynamics of SCD have been well-characterized, the etiology of SCD-related pathophysiological processes is unclear. Although limited, observational evidence suggests that environmental factors, including urban air pollution, may play a role. OBJECTIVES We assessed whether daily ambient air pollution concentrations are associated with corresponding emergency department (ED) visit counts for acute SCD exacerbations in Atlanta, Georgia, during a 9-year (2005-2013) period. We also examined heterogeneity in response by age and sex. METHODS ED visit data were from 41 hospitals in the 20-county Atlanta, GA area. Associations between daily air pollution levels for 8 urban air pollutants and counts of SCD related ED visits were estimated using Poisson generalized linear models. RESULTS We observed positive associations between pollutants generally indicative of traffic emissions and corresponding SCD ED visits [e.g., rate ratio of 1.022 (95% CI: 1.002, 1.043) per interquartile range increase in carbon monoxide]. Age stratified analyses indicated stronger associations with traffic pollutants among children (0-18 years), as compared to older age strata. Associations involving other pollutants, including ozone and particulate matter and for models of individuals >18 years old, were consistent a null hypothesis of no association. DISCUSSION This analysis represents the first North American study to examine acute risk among individuals with SCD to urban air pollution and provide evidence of urban air pollution, especially from traffic sources, as a trigger for acute exacerbations. These findings are consistent with a hypothesis that biological pathways, including several centrally associated with oxidative stress, may contribute towards enhanced susceptibility in individuals with SCD.
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30
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Pye HOT, Nenes A, Alexander B, Ault AP, Barth MC, Clegg SL, Collett JL, Fahey KM, Hennigan CJ, Herrmann H, Kanakidou M, Kelly JT, Ku IT, McNeill VF, Riemer N, Schaefer T, Shi G, Tilgner A, Walker JT, Wang T, Weber R, Xing J, Zaveri RA, Zuend A. The Acidity of Atmospheric Particles and Clouds. ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS 2020; 20:4809-4888. [PMID: 33424953 PMCID: PMC7791434 DOI: 10.5194/acp-20-4809-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Acidity, defined as pH, is a central component of aqueous chemistry. In the atmosphere, the acidity of condensed phases (aerosol particles, cloud water, and fog droplets) governs the phase partitioning of semi-volatile gases such as HNO3, NH3, HCl, and organic acids and bases as well as chemical reaction rates. It has implications for the atmospheric lifetime of pollutants, deposition, and human health. Despite its fundamental role in atmospheric processes, only recently has this field seen a growth in the number of studies on particle acidity. Even with this growth, many fine particle pH estimates must be based on thermodynamic model calculations since no operational techniques exist for direct measurements. Current information indicates acidic fine particles are ubiquitous, but observationally-constrained pH estimates are limited in spatial and temporal coverage. Clouds and fogs are also generally acidic, but to a lesser degree than particles, and have a range of pH that is quite sensitive to anthropogenic emissions of sulfur and nitrogen oxides, as well as ambient ammonia. Historical measurements indicate that cloud and fog droplet pH has changed in recent decades in response to controls on anthropogenic emissions, while the limited trend data for aerosol particles indicates acidity may be relatively constant due to the semi-volatile nature of the key acids and bases and buffering in particles. This paper reviews and synthesizes the current state of knowledge on the acidity of atmospheric condensed phases, specifically particles and cloud droplets. It includes recommendations for estimating acidity and pH, standard nomenclature, a synthesis of current pH estimates based on observations, and new model calculations on the local and global scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Havala O. T. Pye
- Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA
| | - Athanasios Nenes
- School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
- Institute for Chemical Engineering Sciences, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, Patras, GR-26504, Greece
| | - Becky Alexander
- Department of Atmospheric Science, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Andrew P. Ault
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-1055, USA
| | - Mary C. Barth
- National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, 80307, USA
| | - Simon L. Clegg
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Jeffrey L. Collett
- Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Kathleen M. Fahey
- Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA
| | - Christopher J. Hennigan
- Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, 21250, USA
| | - Hartmut Herrmann
- Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leipzig, 04318, Germany
| | - Maria Kanakidou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Voutes, Heraklion Crete, 71003, Greece
| | - James T. Kelly
- Office of Air Quality Planning & Standards, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA
| | - I-Ting Ku
- Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - V. Faye McNeill
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Nicole Riemer
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, 61801, USA
| | - Thomas Schaefer
- Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leipzig, 04318, Germany
| | - Guoliang Shi
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Andreas Tilgner
- Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leipzig, 04318, Germany
| | - John T. Walker
- Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Rodney Weber
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Jia Xing
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Rahul A. Zaveri
- Atmospheric Sciences & Global Change Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Andreas Zuend
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0B9, Canada
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Chen Y, Shen H, Russell AG. Current and Future Responses of Aerosol pH and Composition in the U.S. to Declining SO 2 Emissions and Increasing NH 3 Emissions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:9646-9655. [PMID: 31369250 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b02005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Aerosol pH can affect gas-particle partitioning of semivolatile species, secondary aerosol formation, aerosol water uptake and growth, acid deposition, and, potentially, aerosol toxicity. Despite its importance, aerosol pH projected in the near future has not been addressed explicitly while investigating the response of aerosol concentrations to emission regulations. In this study, we apply CMAQ to simulate aerosol pH in 2011 and 2050 across the continental U.S. We also assess the influence of two major emission trends, declining SO2 emissions and rising NH3 emissions, with a set of sensitivity simulations. Our results show that the aerosols will remain acidic with average pH typically ranging from 0.5 to 3.5 in 2050. Further reducing domestic SO2 emissions does not significantly decrease aerosol acidity, even if SO2 emissions were reduced to preindustrial levels because of the nonlinear response of SO42- concentration to SO2 emissions, and the semivolatile NH3-NH4+ buffering effect. Aerosol pH response to NH3 emission increase will remain minor. Consequently, future fine particulate matter control efficiency will not be undercut by additional nitrate aerosol formation even if SO2 emissions from industry and electricity generation are aggressively controlled, although areas will see some substitution leading to nitrate increases if NOx emissions are not reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Chen
- School of Civil & Environmental Engineering , Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
| | - Huizhong Shen
- School of Civil & Environmental Engineering , Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
| | - Armistead G Russell
- School of Civil & Environmental Engineering , Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
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Ding D, Ye G, Lin Y, Lu Y, Zhang H, Zhang X, Hong Z, Huang Q, Chi Y, Chen J, Dong S. MicroRNA-26a-CD36 signaling pathway: Pivotal role in lipid accumulation in hepatocytes induced by PM 2.5 liposoluble extracts. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 248:269-278. [PMID: 30798028 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.01.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to ambient particular matters (PM) has been associated with the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Given that microRNA (miRNA) is recognized as a key regulator of lipid metabolism and a potential mediator of environmental cues, this study aimed to explore the role of miRNA-mRNA regulation underlying abnormal lipid metabolism triggered by PM2.5liposoluble extracts. We confirmed that 72-h exposure to liposoluble extracts of PM2.5 from Nanjing at 25 μg/cm2 induced lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells by promoting uptake of free fatty acids (FFAs). Notably, lipid accumulation induced by PM2.5 liposoluble extracts was associated with decreased expression of miR-26a and consequent upregulation of fatty acid translocase (FAT, also known as CD36). Using gain- and loss-of-function assays, we demonstrated that miR-26a negatively regulated CD36 to mediate lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells. We further confirmed that miR-26a directly acted on the 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) of CD36. Furthermore, overexpression of miR-26a abolished steatosis in HepG2 cells treated with PM2.5 liposoluble extracts by suppressing CD36. In addition, we demonstrated that PM2.5 liposoluble extracts caused inflammation in HepG2 cells by raising p65 phosphorylation, thereby fuelling the transition from simple non-alcoholic fatty liver to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. In conclusion, this study demonstrated a novel mechanism by which miR-26a-CD36 pathway mediated lipid accumulation induced by PM2.5 liposoluble extracts in hepatocytes. Lipid accumulation and inflammation induced by PM2.5 liposoluble extracts implied the potential role of PM2.5 in developing NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxiao Ding
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China; Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Guozhu Ye
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China; Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Yi Lin
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Yanyang Lu
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Han Zhang
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China; Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhenyu Hong
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China; Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qiansheng Huang
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China; Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Yulang Chi
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China; Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jinsheng Chen
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China; Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Sijun Dong
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China; Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China.
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