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Mortazavi SAR, Tahmasebi S, Lech JC, Welsh JS, Taleie A, Rezaianzadeh A, Zamani A, Mega K, Nematollahi S, Zamani A, Mortazavi SMJ, Sihver L. Digital Screen Time and the Risk of Female Breast Cancer: A Retrospective Matched Case-Control Study. J Biomed Phys Eng 2024; 14:169-182. [PMID: 38628888 PMCID: PMC11016821 DOI: 10.31661/jbpe.v0i0.2310-1678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Background As the use of electronic devices such as mobile phones, tablets, and computers continues to rise globally, concerns have been raised about their potential impact on human health. Exposure to high energy visible (HEV) blue light, emitted from digital screens, particularly the so-called artificial light at night (ALAN), has been associated with adverse health effects, ranging from disruption of circadian rhythms to cancer. Breast cancer incidence rates are also increasing worldwide. Objective This study aimed at finding a correlation between breast cancer and exposure to blue light from mobile phone. Material and Methods In this retrospective matched case-control study, we aimed to investigate whether exposure to blue light from mobile phone screens is associated with an increased risk of female breast cancer. We interviewed 301 breast cancer patients (cases) and 294 controls using a standard questionnaire and performed multivariate analysis, chi-square, and Fisher's exact tests for data analysis. Results Although heavy users in the case group of our study had a statistically significant higher mean 10-year cumulative exposure to digital screens compared to the control group (7089±14985 vs 4052±12515 hours, respectively, P=0.038), our study did not find a strong relationship between exposure to HEV and development of breast cancer. Conclusion Our findings suggest that heavy exposure to HEV blue light emitted from mobile phone screens at night might constitute a risk factor for promoting the development of breast cancer, but further large-scale cohort studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sedigheh Tahmasebi
- Breast Cancer Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - James C Lech
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam (UMC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- International EMF Project & Optical Radiation, World Health Organization, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - James S Welsh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stritch School of Medicine Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Edward Hines Jr Veterans Affairs Hospital, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | - Abdorasoul Taleie
- School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Ali Zamani
- Department of Medical Physics and Engineering, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Kanu Mega
- School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Dubai International Academic City, Dubai, UA
| | - Samaneh Nematollahi
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran
| | - Atefeh Zamani
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Seyed Mohammad Javad Mortazavi
- Ionizing and Non-ionizing Radiation Protection Research Center (INIRPRC), Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Lembit Sihver
- Department of Radiation Physics, Atominstitut, Technische Universität Wien, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Radiation Dosimetry, Nuclear Physics Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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Harris NR. Systematic Reviews to Inform Practice, March/April 2024. J Midwifery Womens Health 2024; 69:304-312. [PMID: 38553829 DOI: 10.1111/jmwh.13632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
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Kim SH, Kim YK, Shin YI, Kang G, Kim SP, Lee H, Hong IH, Chang IB, Hong SB, Yoon HJ, Ha A. Nighttime Outdoor Artificial Light and Risk of Age-Related Macular Degeneration. JAMA Netw Open 2024; 7:e2351650. [PMID: 38227312 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.51650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Importance Light pollution's impact on human health is increasingly recognized, but its link to exudative age-related macular degeneration (EAMD) remains unclear. Objective To investigate the association between exposure to outdoor artificial light at night (OALAN) and the risk of incident EAMD. Design, Setting, and Participants In this nationwide population-based case-control study, all individuals 50 years or older with newly diagnosed EAMD between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2011, were identified with reference to the Korean National Health Insurance Service registration program database for rare and intractable diseases. Birth year- and sex-matched controls (with no EAMD diagnosis until 2020) were selected at a 1:30 ratio. Data were acquired from May 1 to December 31, 2021, and analyzed from June 1 to November 30, 2022. Exposures Mean levels of OALAN at participants' residential addresses during 2008 and 2009 were estimated using time-varying satellite data for a composite view of persistent nighttime illumination at an approximate scale of 1 km2. Main Outcomes and Measures The hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs of the association between residential OALAN and risk of incident EAMD were determined based on maximum likelihood estimation after adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics, comorbidities, and area-level risk factors (ie, nighttime traffic noise and particulate matter of aerodynamic diameter ≤10 μm in each participant's administrative district of residence). Results A total of 126 418 participants were included in the analysis (mean [SD] age, 66.0 [7.9] years; 78 244 men [61.9%]). Of these, 4078 were patients with newly diagnosed EAMD and 122 340 were EAMD-free matched controls. In fully adjusted models, an IQR (55.8 nW/cm2/sr) increase in OALAN level was associated with an HR of 1.67 (95% CI, 1.56-1.78) for incident EAMD. The exposure-response curve demonstrated a nonlinear, concave upward slope becoming more pronounced at higher levels of light exposure (ie, at approximately 110 nW/cm2/sr). In a subgroup analysis, an IQR increase in OALAN was associated with increased risk of incident EAMD in urban areas (HR, 1.46 [95% CI, 1.33-1.61]) but not in rural areas (HR, 1.01 [95% CI, 0.84-1.22]). Conclusions and Relevance In this nationwide population-based case-control study, higher levels of residential OALAN were associated with an increased risk of incident EAMD. Future studies with more detailed information on exposure, individual adaptive behaviors, and potential mediators are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Hwan Kim
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital (SNUH), Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Kook Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, SNUH, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- EyeLight Data Science Laboratory, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young In Shin
- Department of Ophthalmology, SNUH, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Goneui Kang
- EyeLight Data Science Laboratory, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seong Pyo Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program of Medical Informatics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hajoung Lee
- EyeLight Data Science Laboratory, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - In Hwan Hong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hwaseong, Korea
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hallym University Medical Center, Hwaseong, Korea
| | | | - Soon-Beom Hong
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, SNUH, Seoul, Korea
- Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, SNU Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyung-Jin Yoon
- Medical Bigdata Research Center, SNU College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ahnul Ha
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju, Korea
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jeju National University College of Medicine, Jeju, Korea
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Luo Z, Liu Z, Chen H, Liu Y, Tang N, Li H. Light at night exposure and risk of breast cancer: a meta-analysis of observational studies. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1276290. [PMID: 38106885 PMCID: PMC10722424 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1276290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this meta-analysis is to evaluate the impact of light at night (LAN) exposure on the risk of breast cancer across varying factors. Method We conducted a systematic search of literature up to July 15, 2023, including PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase databases, using keywords related to breast cancer and LAN exposure. Cohort study and case-control study literature on night light exposure and breast cancer risk were included. Statistical analyses were performed using Stata software version 17.0. To address heterogeneity among different studies, we employed a random-effects model for analysis and assessed publication bias using funnel plots and Egger's test. Results We included 13 case-control and 8 cohort studies with 734,372 participants worldwide. In the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) assessments, the average score was 7.43 (ranging from 5 to 9). The overall meta-analysis demonstrated a significant association between exposure to LAN and risk of breast cancer (RR = 1.12; 95% CI: 1.06-1.17; I2 = 31.3%, p < 0.001). In the subgroup analysis, the results of the analysis for study types (case-control studies: RR = 1.16; 95% CI: 1.06-1.27; I2 = 40.4%, p = 0.001; cohort studies: RR = 1.08; 95% CI: 1.04-1.14; I2 = 0.0%, p < 0.001) and the results for light exposure types (outdoor LAN: RR = 1.07; 95% CI: 1.02-1.13; I2 = 30.9%, p = 0.004) are presented. In the analysis conducted for continents, the highest breast cancer risk was observed in the Asian population (Asian: RR = 1.24; 95% CI: 1.15-1.34; I2 = 0.0%, p < 0.001) and in the analysis of estrogen receptor status (ER+: RR = 1.10; 95% CI: 1.03-1.18; I2 = 17.0%, p = 0.005;). We also conducted an analysis on menopausal status and various lifestyles but did not find any statistically significant findings. Conclusion Our study demonstrates that LAN exposure is associated with an increased risk of breast cancer, particularly in the Asian population. Among the existing hypotheses, the idea that LAN exposure leads to a decrease in melatonin is widely accepted. However, until the mechanism of this effect is clearly elucidated, it is not recommended to take melatonin supplements for breast cancer prevention without medical advice. We hope to conduct more high-quality research, especially concerning the investigation of other environmental confounding factors, to further advance this field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ying Liu
- *Correspondence: Zhenglong Liu, : Ying Liu,
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Liang X, Wang Z, Cai H, Zeng YQ, Chen J, Wei X, Dong G, Huang Y, Lao XQ. Outdoor light at night and mortality in the UK Biobank: a prospective cohort study. Occup Environ Med 2023:oemed-2023-109036. [PMID: 38053269 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2023-109036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND More than 83% of the world's population lives under light-polluted skies while information about health effects of outdoor light at night (LAN) is limited. We examined the association of LAN with natural cause (NC) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality using the UK Biobank. METHODS We included 273 335 participants recruited between 2006 and 2010. Level of LAN was estimated at each participant's address using time-varying satellite data for a composite of persistent night-time illumination at ~1 km2 scale. Information on causes of death until 12 November 2021 was obtained through record linkage. Cox proportional hazards regression was used. RESULTS In the follow-up with an average of 12.4 years, 14 864 NC and 3100 CVD deaths were identified. Compared with the participants exposed to the first quartile of LAN, participants exposed to the highest quartile showed an 8% higher risk of NC mortality (HR: 1.08, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.13) after adjusting for age, sex, social-economic status, shift work, lifestyle factors and body mass index. However, the association disappeared after further adjustment for PM2.5 and evening noise, with HRs (95% CIs) of 1.02 (0.97 to 1.07), 1.01 (0.97 to 1.06) and 1.03 (0.97 to 1.08), respectively, for the participants exposed to the second, third and fourth quartiles of LAN. No significant associations were observed between LAN and CVD mortality, either. CONCLUSIONS We did not observe significant associations of LAN with NC and CVD mortality in this large nationwide cohort. The health effects of LAN remain unclear. Further studies are warranted to address this public health concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Liang
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zixin Wang
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Honglin Cai
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, the Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yi Qian Zeng
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jinjian Chen
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xianglin Wei
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Guanghui Dong
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xiang Qian Lao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Xiao Q, Zhou M, Lyu Y, Lu J, Zhang K, Figueiro M, Wang J, Bauer C. County-level artificial light at night (ALAN) in the contiguous US (2012-2019): spatial variations, temporal trends, and environmental justice analyses. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:115870-115881. [PMID: 37897576 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30572-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
Artificial light at night (ALAN) is a growing environmental hazard with economic, ecological, and public health implications. Previous studies suggested a higher burden of light pollution and related adverse effects in disadvantaged communities. It is critical to characterize the geographic distribution and temporal trend of ALAN and identify associated demographic and socioeconomic factors at the population level to lay the foundation for environmental and public health monitoring and policy-making. We used satellite data from the Black Marble suite to characterize ALAN in all counties in contiguous US and reported considerable variations in ALAN spatiotemporal patterns between 2012 and 2019. As expected, ALAN levels were generally higher in metropolitan and coastal areas; however, several rural counties in Texas experienced remarkable increase in ALAN since 2012, while population-level ALAN burden also increased substantially in many metropolitan areas. Importantly, we found that during this period, although the overall ALAN levels in the USA declined modestly, the temporal trend of ALAN varied across areas with different racial/ethnic compositions: counties with a higher percentage of racial/ethnic minority groups, particularly Hispanic populations, exhibited significantly less decline. As a result, the differences in ALAN levels, as measured by the Black Marble product, across racial/ethnic groups became larger between 2012 and 2019. In conclusion, our study documented variations in ALAN spatiotemporal patterns across America and identified multiple population correlates of ALAN patterns that warrant further investigations. Future studies should identify underlying factors (e.g., economic development and decline, urban planning, and transition to newer lighting technologies such as light emitting diodes) that may have contributed to ALAN disparities in the USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Xiao
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Center for Spatial-Temporal Modeling for Applications in Population Sciences, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Meng Zhou
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Yue Lyu
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jiachen Lu
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for Spatial-Temporal Modeling for Applications in Population Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kehe Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for Spatial-Temporal Modeling for Applications in Population Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mariana Figueiro
- Light and Health Research Center, Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Cici Bauer
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for Spatial-Temporal Modeling for Applications in Population Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
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Shen M, Li Y, Li S, Chen X, Zou B, Lu Y. Association of exposure to artificial light at night during adolescence with blood pressure in early adulthood. Chronobiol Int 2023; 40:1419-1426. [PMID: 37818634 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2023.2266485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
Artificial light at night (ALAN) is related to various diseases, such as cancer, obesity, and coronary heart disease. However, its impact on blood pressure in adolescents is not well understood. To investigate this, we conducted a cross-sectional study with a nationwide sample of college students in China, who were freshmen from four disperse universities during Sep. and Oct. 2018. Mean levels of ALAN at participants' residential addresses during 2013-2018 were estimated using time-varying satellite data. The association of the 6-y average of ALAN with blood pressure was estimated by using generalized linear mixed models. A total of 17 046 participants (18.2 ± 0.7 y of age, 46.79% female) from 2,412 counties and cities were included in the final analysis. After a full adjustment for potential confounders, ALAN was positively associated with systolic blood pressure (β = 0.20, p = 0.032) and pulse pressure (β = 0.28, p = 0.001), but there was no association between ALAN and diastolic blood pressure (β = -0.08, p = 0.213). In the sensitivity analysis, the results consistent with the main analysis were observed. The blood pressure of males and those with a BMI ≤24 kg/m2 were more susceptible to ALAN exposure. Our findings highlight the importance of ALAN management for blood pressure control, particularly among male and normal-weight individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minxue Shen
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yalan Li
- Clinical Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shenxin Li
- Department of Surveying and Remote Sensing Science, School of Geosciences and Info-physics, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bin Zou
- Department of Surveying and Remote Sensing Science, School of Geosciences and Info-physics, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yao Lu
- Clinical Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
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Chowdhury-Paulino IM, Hart JE, James P, Iyer HS, Wilt GE, Booker BD, Nethery RC, Laden F, Mucci LA, Markt SC. Association between Outdoor Light at Night and Prostate Cancer in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2023; 32:1444-1450. [PMID: 37462694 PMCID: PMC10592318 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-23-0208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circadian disruption is a potential risk factor for advanced prostate cancer, and light at night (LAN) exposure may disrupt circadian rhythms. We evaluated whether outdoor LAN increases the risk of prostate cancer. METHODS We prospectively followed 49,148 participants in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study from 1986 through 2016. We estimated baseline and cumulative time-varying outdoor LAN with ∼1 km2 resolution using data from the US Defense Meteorological Satellite Program's Operational Linescan System, which was assigned to participants' geocoded addresses. Participants reside in all 50 U.S. states and reported a work or home address. We used multivariable Cox models to estimate HRs and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association between outdoor LAN and risk of overall (7,175 cases) and fatal (915 cases) prostate cancer adjusting for individual and contextual factors. RESULTS There was no association between the interquartile range increase in cumulative LAN and total (HR, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.98-1.06) or fatal (HR, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.96-1.15) prostate cancer in adjusted models. However, there was a positive association between baseline LAN and total prostate cancer among non-movers (HR, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.00-1.14) including among highly screened participants (HR, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.01-1.23). CONCLUSIONS There was a suggestive positive association between baseline outdoor LAN and total prostate cancer. Additional studies with different measures of outdoor LAN and in more diverse populations are necessary. IMPACT To our knowledge, this is the first longitudinal cohort study exploring the relationship between outdoor LAN and prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jaime E. Hart
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peter James
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hari S. Iyer
- Section of Cancer Epidemiology and Health Outcomes, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Grete E. Wilt
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Benjamin D. Booker
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rachel C. Nethery
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Francine Laden
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lorelei A. Mucci
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sarah C. Markt
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA
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Wu D, Li Y, Liao Y, Pan X, Liu S, Zou W, Peng J, Ye X. An efficient LiSrGaF 6:Cr 3+ fluoride phosphor with broadband NIR emission towards sunlight-like full-spectrum lighting. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:12526-12533. [PMID: 37608690 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt01996a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Sunlight-like full-spectrum phosphor-converted light-emitting diodes (pc-LEDs) require near-infrared (NIR) emission bands to fill the spectrum gap and consequently propel their widespread applications. Although fluoride NIR phosphors have been increasingly investigated, balancing high quantum efficiency (QE), high thermal stability, and wideband NIR emission to obtain excellent overall performance in a single system is still a challenge for Cr3+-doped fluoride NIR phosphor and is significant for direct utilization. Herein, a high-efficiency and thermally stable broadband NIR emission was realized in a novel LiSrGaF6:Cr3+ fluoride phosphor benefitting from a relatively weak crystal field and electron-phonon coupling effect. Upon blue light excitation, the ultra-broad NIR luminescence ranging from 650 to 1150 nm can be achieved with an FWHM of 149 nm peaking at ∼813 nm. Furthermore, this system possesses a high QE of up to 76.88% and its emission intensity at 423 K still maintains 61.62% of its initial intensity at room temperature. An NIR output power of 42.82 mW and photoelectric conversion efficiency of 14.27% of NIR pc-LED devices have also been presented based on this NIR phosphor, demonstrating its possible application in compact nonvisible light sources. In addition, a highly continuous sunlight-like vis-NIR pc-LED was further constructed by employing a blue chip with commercial cyan (BaSi2O2N2:Eu2+), yellow (Y3Al5O12:Ce3+), red (CaAlSiN3:Eu2+), and this LiSrGaF6:Cr3+ NIR phosphor. The as-obtained pc-LED exhibits an ultra-broad spectrum ranging from 400 nm to 1000 nm, exhibiting a higher color reproduction with a color rendering index (CRI) of 95.1 and luminous efficiency (LE) of 50.22 lm W-1. These results indicate that LiSrGaF6:Cr3+ phosphor can be a promising NIR phosphor candidate for high-quality sunlight-like full-spectrum lighting and infrared night vision technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wu
- Faculty of Materials Metallurgy and Chemistry, Collage of Rare earth, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, P.R. China.
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100083, P.R. China
- National Engineering Research Center for Ionic Rare Earth, Ganzhou, 341000, PR China
| | - Yan Li
- Faculty of Materials Metallurgy and Chemistry, Collage of Rare earth, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, P.R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Luminescence Materials and Devices of Jiangxi Province, Ganzhou 341000, P.R. China
| | - Yu Liao
- Faculty of Materials Metallurgy and Chemistry, Collage of Rare earth, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, P.R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Luminescence Materials and Devices of Jiangxi Province, Ganzhou 341000, P.R. China
| | - Xixiang Pan
- Faculty of Materials Metallurgy and Chemistry, Collage of Rare earth, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, P.R. China.
- National Engineering Research Center for Ionic Rare Earth, Ganzhou, 341000, PR China
| | - Songbin Liu
- Faculty of Materials Metallurgy and Chemistry, Collage of Rare earth, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, P.R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Luminescence Materials and Devices of Jiangxi Province, Ganzhou 341000, P.R. China
- National Rare Earth Functional Materials Innovation Centre, Ganzhou, 341000, P.R. China
| | - Wanfang Zou
- Faculty of Materials Metallurgy and Chemistry, Collage of Rare earth, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, P.R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Luminescence Materials and Devices of Jiangxi Province, Ganzhou 341000, P.R. China
| | - Jiaqing Peng
- Faculty of Materials Metallurgy and Chemistry, Collage of Rare earth, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, P.R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Luminescence Materials and Devices of Jiangxi Province, Ganzhou 341000, P.R. China
- National Rare Earth Functional Materials Innovation Centre, Ganzhou, 341000, P.R. China
| | - Xinyu Ye
- Faculty of Materials Metallurgy and Chemistry, Collage of Rare earth, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, P.R. China.
- National Engineering Research Center for Ionic Rare Earth, Ganzhou, 341000, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Luminescence Materials and Devices of Jiangxi Province, Ganzhou 341000, P.R. China
- National Rare Earth Functional Materials Innovation Centre, Ganzhou, 341000, P.R. China
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Lingas EC. A Narrative Review of the Carcinogenic Effect of Night Shift and the Potential Protective Role of Melatonin. Cureus 2023; 15:e43326. [PMID: 37577272 PMCID: PMC10416670 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.43326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer) announcement in 2007 indicating the possibility of night-shift work carrying carcinogenesis risk, multiple studies on a global level have been conducted to investigate the correlation between night-shift work and cancer development. Circadian rhythm disruption and decreased melatonin production have been postulated as potential contributing factors. There is also growing evidence that night-shift workers tend to adopt unhealthier lifestyles which contribute to poorer health and increase the risk of developing diseases such as cancer. No experimental study has been specifically dedicated to testing specific methods that could decrease cancer risk in night-shift workers. While there are a few studies that investigate melatonin's concurrent use with chemotherapy in cancer patients, there is yet to be seen for studies that investigate melatonin specifically as a cancer prevention method. This narrative review aims to examine current evidence of healthcare night-shift work's risk in cancer incidence, potential pathogenesis, and its significance in clinical practice.
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Xiao Q, Lyu Y, Zhou M, Lu J, Zhang K, Wang J, Bauer C. Artificial light at night and social vulnerability: An environmental justice analysis in the U.S. 2012-2019. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 178:108096. [PMID: 37480833 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Artificial Light at Night (ALAN) is an emerging health risk factor that has been linked to a wide range of adverse health effects. Recent study suggested that disadvantaged neighborhoods may be exposed to higher levels of ALAN. Understanding how social disadvantage correlates with ALAN levels is essential for identifying the vulnerable populations and for informing lighting policy. METHODS We used satellite data from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA) Black Marble data product to quantify annual ALAN levels (2012-2019), and the Center for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) to quantify social disadvantage, both at the US census tract level. We examined the relationship between the ALAN and SVI (overall and domain-specific) in over 70,000 tracts in the Contiguous U.S., and investigated the heterogeneities in this relationship by the rural-urban status and US regions (i.e., Northeast, Midwest, South, West). RESULTS We found a significant positive relationship between SVI and ALAN levels. On average, the ALAN level in the top 20% most vulnerable communities was 2.46-fold higher than that in the 20% least vulnerable communities (beta coefficient (95% confidence interval) for log-transformed ALAN, 0.90 (0.88, 0.92)). Of the four SVI domains, minority and language status emerged as strong predictors of ALAN levels. Our stratified analysis showed considerable and complex heterogeneities across different rural-urban categories, with the association between greater vulnerability and higher ALAN primarily observed in urban cores and rural areas. We also found regional differences in the association between ALAN and both overall SVI and SVI domains. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggested ALAN as an environmental justice issue that may carry important public health implications. Funding National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Xiao
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States; Center for Spatial-temporal Modeling for Applications in Population Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States.
| | - Yue Lyu
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Meng Zhou
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering and Informatics Graduate Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Jiachen Lu
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States; Center for Spatial-temporal Modeling for Applications in Population Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Kehe Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States; Center for Spatial-temporal Modeling for Applications in Population Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering and Informatics Graduate Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Cici Bauer
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States; Center for Spatial-temporal Modeling for Applications in Population Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States.
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Wang H, Ma X, Yu Z, Hu N, Du Y, He X, Pan D, Pu L, Zhang X, Sun X, Li J. Exposure to outdoor artificial light at night increases risk and burden of metabolic disease in Ningxia, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:87517-87526. [PMID: 37428317 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28684-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Nearly a quarter of the world's land has already been polluted by artificial light. And numerous human and animal studies have corroborated that light at night can disrupt metabolism. Therefore, we aimed to estimate the association between outdoor artificial light at night (ALAN) and the presence of metabolic disease. Daily hospital admission cases from Ningxia, China, between 2014 and 2020 were included. Cumulative associations between outdoor ALAN and metabolic disease were estimated using logistic regression and distributed lagged non-linear models (DLNM) with lags of 0-30 days and stratified analysis by age groups and gender. The results suggest that 26.80% of metabolic disease cases in Ningxia can be attributed to outdoor ALAN and that men, especially in men aged 46-59 years, are more susceptible to lighting. Policymakers need to develop measures and facilities in corresponding areas, such as universal access to indoor blackout curtains. In particular, men should be urged to minimize going outside at night and to develop protective measures specifically for men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Xiaohong Ma
- Medical Insurance Office, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Yinchuan, Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, 750001, Ningxia, China
| | - Zhenfan Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Naifan Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Yurun Du
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Xiaoxue He
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Degong Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Lining Pu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Xian Sun
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia Medical University, Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Jiangping Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China.
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia Medical University, Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China.
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Zhang L, Yin W, Yu W, Wang P, Wang H, Zhang X, Zhu P. Environmental exposure to outdoor artificial light at night during pregnancy and fetal size: A prospective cohort study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 883:163521. [PMID: 37062314 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies suggested outdoor artificial light at night (ALAN) exposure may contribute to children and adult obesity, but less is known about the associations of outdoor ALAN exposure during pregnancy with fetal size. METHODS From 2015 to 2021, 6210 mother-child pairs were included. Average outdoor ALAN levels during pregnancy were measured using satellite imaging data. Fetal biparietal diameter, head circumference, abdominal circumference (AC), and femur length were measured before delivery with ultrasonography. We also collected anthropometric birth outcomes, including birth length, birth weight, macrosomia, low birth weight, small for gestational age, and large for gestational age at delivery. Multivariable linear regression models and binary logistic regression models were used to examine the potential associations of outdoor ALAN with fetal size adjusting for a broad set of potential confounds. RESULTS An IQR (14.87 nW/cm2/sr) increase in outdoor ALAN during pregnancy was associated with 1.30 (β = 1.30, 95 % CI: 0.31,2.29) higher AC percentiles and 13 % (OR = 1.13, 95 % CI: 1.00,1.27) higher odds of macrosomia after adjusting confounders. In sex stratification analysis, an IQR (14.87 nW/cm2/sr) increase in outdoor ALAN during pregnancy was associated with 1.65 (β = 1.65, 95 % CI: 0.24,3.06) higher fetal AC percentiles and 27 % (OR = 1.27, 95 % CI: 1.06,1.53) higher odds of macrosomia in females. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that higher outdoor ALAN exposure during pregnancy is associated with larger fetal AC and a higher risk of macrosomia, particularly in the female fetus. Future studies are needed to verify these preliminary findings and identify potential mechanisms for the association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Hefei, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Hefei, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Wanjun Yin
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Hefei, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Hefei, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Wenjie Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Hefei, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Hefei, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Haixia Wang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Hefei, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Hefei, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiujun Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Peng Zhu
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Hefei, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Hefei, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
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Bozigar M, Huang T, Redline S, Hart JE, Grady ST, Nguyen DD, James P, Nicholas B, Levy JI, Laden F, Peters JL. Associations between Aircraft Noise Exposure and Self-Reported Sleep Duration and Quality in the United States-Based Prospective Nurses' Health Study Cohort. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2023; 131:47010. [PMID: 37058435 PMCID: PMC10104165 DOI: 10.1289/ehp10959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep disruption is linked with chronic disease, and aircraft noise can disrupt sleep. However, there are few investigations of aircraft noise and sleep in large cohorts. OBJECTIVES We examined associations between aircraft noise and self-reported sleep duration and quality in the Nurses' Health Study, a large prospective cohort. METHODS Aircraft nighttime equivalent sound levels (Lnight) and day-night average sound levels (DNL) were modeled around 90 U.S. airports from 1995 to 2015 in 5-y intervals using the Aviation Environmental Design Tool and linked to geocoded participant residential addresses. Lnight exposure was dichotomized at the lowest modeled level of 45 A-weighted decibels [dB(A)] and at multiple cut points for DNL. Multiple categories of both metrics were compared with < 45 dB(A). Self-reported short sleep duration (< 7 h/24-h day) was ascertained in 2000, 2002, 2008, 2012, and 2014, and poor sleep quality (frequent trouble falling/staying asleep) was ascertained in 2000. We analyzed repeated sleep duration measures using generalized estimating equations and sleep quality by conditional logistic regression. We adjusted for participant-level demographics, behaviors, comorbidities, and environmental exposures (greenness and light at night) and examined effect modification. RESULTS In 35,226 female nurses averaging 66.1 years of age at baseline, prevalence of short sleep duration and poor sleep quality were 29.6% and 13.1%, respectively. In multivariable models, exposure to Lnight ≥ 45 dB(A) was associated with 23% [95% confidence interval (CI): 7%, 40%] greater odds of short sleep duration but was not associated with poor sleep quality (9% lower odds; 95% CI: - 30 % , 19%). Increasing categories of Lnight and DNL ≥ 45 dB(A) suggested an exposure-response relationship for short sleep duration. We observed higher magnitude associations among participants living in the West, near major cargo airports, and near water-adjacent airports and among those reporting no hearing loss. DISCUSSION Aircraft noise was associated with short sleep duration in female nurses, modified by individual and airport characteristics. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP10959.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Bozigar
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tianyi Huang
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Susan Redline
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jaime E. Hart
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Stephanie T. Grady
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Daniel D. Nguyen
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Peter James
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bradley Nicholas
- Volpe National Transportation Systems Center, U.S. Department of Transportation, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jonathan I. Levy
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Francine Laden
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Junenette L. Peters
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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15
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Xu Z, Jin J, Yang T, Wang Y, Huang J, Pan X, Frank K, Li G. Outdoor light at night, genetic predisposition and type 2 diabetes mellitus: A prospective cohort study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 219:115157. [PMID: 36572333 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.115157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND According to animal and human epidemiologic studies, exposure to outdoor light at night (LAN) may cause circadian disruption, which may disturb sleep quality and lead to incident type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS We followed 283,374 persons from 2006 through 2020. Outdoor LAN exposure was estimated using satellite data for individual address with 500 m2 scale buffer during follow-up. Incidence of T2DM was confirmed by hospital inpatient records. We identified potential confounders by a directed acyclic graph, including demographic, genetic, individual and regional level socioeconomic status, and environmental risk factors, and calculated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) through time-varying Cox proportional hazard model. Furthermore, we examined the association of outdoor LAN with a defined health sleep scores and moderation of genetic predisposition and shift work on the relationship of outdoor LAN and incident T2DM. RESULTS We identified 7,775 incident T2DM cases over 3,027,505 person-years. Higher outdoor LAN exposures were significantly associated with higher risk of T2DM. The estimated HR for incident T2DM with an interquartile range (IQR: 11.22 nW/cm2/sr) increase in outdoor LAN was 1.05 (95%CI: 1.01, 1.09) in the fully adjusted model. Participants who lived in the highest quarter of outdoor LAN area were more likely to develop T2DM (HR: 1.14,95%CI: 1.02, 1.27). Besides, those who were exposed to higher levels of outdoor LAN had poorer sleep quality. No moderation role of PRS on outdoor LAN-induced T2DM observed both on the multiplicated and additive scale. The hazards of outdoor LAN were observed in those who never owned a night shift work. CONCLUSION Although further work is required to clarify potential mechanisms, our findings indicate that exposure to residential outdoor LAN may contribute to T2DM risk and low sleep quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihu Xu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Jianbo Jin
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Teng Yang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxin Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaochuan Pan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Kelly Frank
- Environmental Research Group,School of Public Health,Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Guoxing Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, Beijing, China.
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Medgyesi DN, Trabert B, Fisher JA, Xiao Q, James P, White AJ, Madrigal JM, Jones RR. Outdoor light at night and risk of endometrial cancer in the NIH-AARP diet and health study. Cancer Causes Control 2023; 34:181-187. [PMID: 36222982 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-022-01632-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Outdoor light at night (LAN) can result in circadian disruption and hormone dysregulation and is a suspected risk factor for some cancers. Our study is the first to evaluate the association between LAN and risk of endometrial cancer, a malignancy with known relationship to circulating estrogen levels. METHODS We linked enrollment addresses (1996) for 97,677 postmenopausal women in the prospective NIH-AARP cohort to satellite imagery of nighttime radiance to estimate LAN exposure. Multivariable Cox models estimated hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for LAN quintiles and incident endometrial cancer overall (1,669 cases) and endometrioid adenocarcinomas (991 cases) through follow-up (2011). We tested for interaction with established endometrial cancer risk factors. RESULTS We observed no association for endometrial cancer overall (HRQ1vsQ5 0.92; 95% CI 0.78-1.08; p trend = 0.67) or endometrioid adenocarcinoma (HRQ1vsQ5 1.01; 95% CI 0.82-1.24; p trend = 0.36). Although body mass index and menopause hormone therapy were both associated with risk, there was no evidence of interaction with LAN (p interactions = 0.52 and 0.50, respectively). CONCLUSION Our study did not find an association between outdoor LAN and endometrial cancer risk, but was limited by the inability to account for individual-level exposure determinants. Future studies should consider approaches to improve characterization of personal exposures to light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle N Medgyesi
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Britton Trabert
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Jared A Fisher
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Qian Xiao
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Peter James
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Environmental Health, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alexandra J White
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jessica M Madrigal
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Rena R Jones
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA. .,Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Room 6E606, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA.
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Bożejko M, Tarski I, Małodobra-Mazur M. Outdoor artificial light at night and human health: A review of epidemiological studies. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 218:115049. [PMID: 36521545 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.115049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
We conducted a non-systematic review of epidemiological studies on a potential link between exposure to outdoor artificial light at night (O-ALAN) and disease occurrence in humans published since 2009. In recent years, a number of presses have been published on this issue, but the conclusions have been mixed. We therefore decided to critically analyze the available epidemiological evidence of such a correlation. After a careful search, 51 studies were identified and included in the review. They addressed the potential link between O-ALAN exposure and the incidence of breast cancer, other cancers, sleep and circadian rhythm disorders, obesity and cardiovascular diseases, mental disorders, infectious diseases, and complications during pregnancy and childbirth. The vast majority of papers revealed the existence of such a link. However, the amount of epidemiological evidence supporting the correlation across groups of disorders varied widely. In addition, we found that all papers contained at least one of the following omissions: lack of the temporal and spatial resolution in light at night measurements, measuring only light intensity without considering its wavelength, and not accounting for many important confounding factors in their statistical analyses. Therefore, we believe that the link between O-ALAN exposure and the occurrence of the disorders in question suggested by the authors of the reviewed papers may be in some cases at least to some extent, a coincidence. Further epidemiological studies, free of significant omissions highlighted in this paper, are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Bożejko
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Mikulicza-Radeckiego 5, 50-345, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Ignacy Tarski
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Mikulicza-Radeckiego 5, 50-345, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Małodobra-Mazur
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Division of Molecular Techniques, Wroclaw Medical University, Skłodowskiej-Curie 52, 50-369, Wrocław, Poland.
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Erfüllte Gegenwart und Rhythmus des Lebens. Ethik Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00481-022-00734-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
ZusammenfassungDer Zusammenhang von Zeit und gutem Leben wurde bereits für eine Reihe medizinischer Disziplinen und Praktiken herausgearbeitet. Doch welche Rolle spielt die Zeitlichkeit des guten Lebens für die Medizin insgesamt? Das ist die leitende Frage dieses Artikels. Dabei wird das gute Leben als sinnvolles Leben verstanden. In diesem Sinne wird für eine zweifache medizinische Relevanz der Zeitlichkeit des guten Lebens argumentiert: Erstens besteht der Sinn medizinischer Behandlungen in der Ermöglichung erfüllter Gegenwart. Zweitens kann und sollte ebendies u. a. durch die Wahrung und Wiederherstellung der chronobiologischen Rhythmen geschehen.
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Gibbons RB, Bhagavathula R, Warfield B, Brainard GC, Hanifin JP. Impact of Solid State Roadway Lighting on Melatonin in Humans. Clocks Sleep 2022; 4:633-657. [PMID: 36412582 PMCID: PMC9680288 DOI: 10.3390/clockssleep4040049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In 2009, the World Health Organization identified vehicle crashes, both injury-related and fatal, as a public health hazard. Roadway lighting has long been used to reduce crashes and improve the safety of all road users. Ocular light exposure at night can suppress melatonin levels in humans. At sufficient light levels, all visible light wavelengths can elicit this response, but melatonin suppression is maximally sensitive to visible short wavelength light. With the conversion of roadway lighting to solid state sources that have a greater short wavelength spectrum than traditional sources, there is a potential negative health impact through suppressed melatonin levels to roadway users and those living close to the roadway. This paper presents data on the impact of outdoor roadway lighting on salivary melatonin in three cohorts of participants: drivers, pedestrians, and those experiencing light trespass in their homes. METHODS In an outdoor naturalistic roadway environment, healthy participants (N = 29) each being assigned to a cohort of either pedestrian, driver, or light trespass experiment, were exposed to five different solid state light sources with differing spectral emissions and one no lighting condition. Salivary melatonin measurements were made under an average roadway luminance of 1.0 cd/m2 (IES RP-18 Roadway Lighting Requirements for expressway roads) with a corneal melanopic Equivalent Daylight Illuminances (EDI) ranging from 0.22 to 0.86 lux. RESULTS The results indicate that compared to the no roadway lighting condition, the roadway light source spectral content did not significantly impact salivary melatonin levels in the participants in any of the cohorts. CONCLUSIONS These data show that recommended levels of street lighting for expressway roads do not elicit an acute suppression of salivary melatonin and suggest that the health benefit of roadway lighting for traffic safety is not compromised by an acute effect on salivary melatonin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald B. Gibbons
- Virginia Tech Transportation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-540-231-1581
| | - Rajaram Bhagavathula
- Virginia Tech Transportation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Benjamin Warfield
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - George C. Brainard
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - John P. Hanifin
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
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Chen Y, Tan J, Liu Y, Dong GH, Yang BY, Li N, Wang L, Chen G, Li S, Guo Y. Long-term exposure to outdoor light at night and mild cognitive impairment: A nationwide study in Chinese veterans. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 847:157441. [PMID: 35863567 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence is limited for the association between outdoor light at night (LAN) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI), a transitional stage between normal aging and dementia and Alzheimer's disease in the elderly. In this study, the association between outdoor LAN and MCI was examined based on a multi-city study among veterans in China. METHODS A total of 5496 participants from 18 cities across China were investigated during 2009-2011, selected using a multi-stage random sampling method. Participants' cognitive function was firstly assessed using the Mini Mental State Examination and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment in the Chinese version, and then was further confirmed by clinical examination. Participants' exposure to outdoor LAN was estimated using the Global Radiance Calibrated Nighttime Lights Product at a spatial resolution of around 1 km. The mixed-effects logistic regression model was used to examine the association between outdoor LAN and MCI. RESULTS After controlling for covariates, odds ratio (OR) and 95 % confidence intervals (95%CI) of MCI was 1.44 (95%CI: 1.36, 1.52) associated with per interquartile range (IQR = 21.17 nW/cm2/sr) increase in exposure to outdoor LAN during the 3 years before the investigation, and for categorical variable of LAN, the highest OR was observed for the highest against the lowest quartile of LAN with a monotonically increasing trend (p values for trend <0.001). Furthermore, higher ORs were observed for females, veterans who had less educational attainment, and had no regular social activities. CONCLUSIONS Our study revealed that exposure to excessive outdoor LAN was associated with higher risk of MCI. Effective measures should be taken to reduce LAN exposure, which may help to prevent MCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jiping Tan
- Geriatric Neurology Department of the Second Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuewei Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Guang-Hui Dong
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Bo-Yi Yang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Nan Li
- Research Center of Clinical Epidemiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Luning Wang
- Geriatric Neurology Department of the Second Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Gongbo Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Shanshan Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Yuming Guo
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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21
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Sweeney MR, Nichols HB, Jones RR, Olshan AF, Keil AP, Engel LS, James P, Jackson CL, Sandler DP, White AJ. Light at night and the risk of breast cancer: Findings from the Sister study. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 169:107495. [PMID: 36084405 PMCID: PMC9561075 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Light at night (LAN) may alter estrogen regulation through circadian disruption. High levels of outdoor LAN may increase breast cancer risk, but studies have largely not considered possible residual confounding from correlated environmental exposures. We evaluated the association between indoor and outdoor LAN and incident breast cancer. METHODS In 47,145 participants in the prospective Sister Study cohort living in the contiguous U.S., exposure to outdoor LAN was determined using satellite-measured residential data and indoor LAN was self-reported (light/TV on, light from outside the room, nightlight, no light). We used Cox proportional hazards models to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the associations between outdoor and indoor LAN and breast cancer risk. Models were adjusted for age, race/ethnicity, educational attainment, annual household income, neighborhood disadvantage, latitude, and population density as a proxy for urbanicity. To evaluate the potential for residual confounding of the outdoor LAN and breast cancer relationship by factors associated with urbanicity, we considered further adjustment for exposures correlated with outdoor LAN including NO2 [Spearman correlation coefficient, rho (ρ) = 0.78], PM2.5 (ρ = 0.36), green space (ρ = - 0.41), and noise (ρ = 0.81). RESULTS During 11 years of follow-up, 3,734 breast cancer cases were identified. Outdoor LAN was modestly, but non-monotonically, associated with a higher risk of breast cancer (Quintile 4 vs 1: HR = 1.10, 95% CI: 0.99-1.22; Quintile 5 vs 1: HR = 1.04, 95% CI: 0.93-1.16); however, no association was evident after adjustment for correlated ambient exposures (Quintile 4 vs 1: HR = 0.99, 95% CI: 0.86-1.14; Quintile 5 vs 1: HR = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.74-1.06). Compared to those with no indoor LAN exposure, sleeping with a light or TV on was associated with a HR = 1.09 (95% CI: 0.97-1.23) in the adjusted model. CONCLUSIONS Outdoor LAN does not appear to increase the risk of breast cancer after adjustment for correlated environmental exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina R Sweeney
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Hazel B Nichols
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Rena R Jones
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Andrew F Olshan
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Alexander P Keil
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Lawrence S Engel
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Peter James
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Environmental Health, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chandra L Jackson
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC, USA; Division of Intramural Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Dale P Sandler
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Alexandra J White
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC, USA.
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Bai X, Zhang X, Shi H, Geng G, Wu B, Lai Y, Xiang W, Wang Y, Cao Y, Shi B, Li Y. Government drivers of breast cancer prevention: A spatiotemporal analysis based on the association between breast cancer and macro factors. Front Public Health 2022; 10:954247. [PMID: 36268002 PMCID: PMC9578696 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.954247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Currently, breast cancer (BC) is ranked among the top malignant tumors in the world, and has attracted widespread attention. Compared with the traditional analysis on biological determinants of BC, this study focused on macro factors, including light at night (LAN), PM2.5, per capita consumption expenditure, economic density, population density, and number of medical beds, to provide targets for the government to implement BC interventions. Methods A total of 182 prefecture-level cities in China from 2013 to 2016 were selected as the sample of the study. The geographically and temporally weighted regression (GTWR) model was adopted to describe the spatiotemporal correlation between the scale of BC and macro factors. Results The results showed that the GTWR model can better reveal the spatiotemporal variation. In the temporal dimension, the fluctuations of the regression coefficients of each variable were significant. In the spatial dimension, the positive impacts of LAN, per capita consumption expenditure, population density and number of medical beds gradually increased from west to east, and the positive coefficient of PM2.5 gradually increased from north to south. The negative impact of economic density gradually increased from west to east. Conclusion The fact that the degree of effect of each variable fluctuates over time reminds the government to pay continuous attention to BC prevention. The spatial heterogeneity features also urge the government to focus on different macro indicators in eastern and western China or southern and northern China. In other words, our research helps drive the government to center on key regions and take targeted measures to curb the rapid growth of BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Bai
- Department of Economics, School of Economics, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Xiyu Zhang
- Research Center of Health Policy and Management, School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hongping Shi
- Department of Oncology, Heze Municipal Hospital, Heze, China
| | - Guihong Geng
- Department of Economics, School of Economics, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Wu
- Research Center of Health Policy and Management, School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yongqiang Lai
- Research Center of Health Policy and Management, School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wenjing Xiang
- Department of Economics, School of Economics, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Yanjie Wang
- Department of Economics, School of Economics, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Cao
- Department of Economics, School of Economics, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Baoguo Shi
- Department of Economics, School of Economics, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Baoguo Shi
| | - Ye Li
- Research Center of Health Policy and Management, School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China,Ye Li
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Deprato A, Rao H, Durrington H, Maidstone R, Adan A, Navarro JF, Palomar-Cros A, Harding BN, Haldar P, Moitra S, Moitra T, Melenka L, Kogevinas M, Lacy P, Moitra S. The Influence of Artificial Light at Night on Asthma and Allergy, Mental Health, and Cancer Outcomes: A Systematic Scoping Review Protocol. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:8522. [PMID: 35886376 PMCID: PMC9319466 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19148522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Artificial light at night (ALAN) exposure is associated with the disruption of human circadian processes. Through numerous pathophysiological mechanisms such as melatonin dysregulation, it is hypothesised that ALAN exposure is involved in asthma and allergy, mental illness, and cancer outcomes. There are numerous existing studies considering these relationships; however, a critical appraisal of available evidence on health outcomes has not been completed. Due to the prevalence of ALAN exposure and these outcomes in society, it is critical that current evidence of their association is understood. Therefore, this systematic scoping review will aim to assess the association between ALAN exposure and asthma and allergy, mental health, and cancer outcomes. This systematic scoping review will be conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses statement. We will search bibliographic databases, registries, and references. We will include studies that have described potential sources of ALAN exposure (such as shift work or indoor and outdoor exposure to artificial light); have demonstrated associations with either allergic conditions (including asthma), mental health, or cancer-related outcomes; and are published in English in peer-reviewed journals. We will conduct a comprehensive literature search, title and abstract screening, full-text review, and data collection and analysis for each outcome separately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy Deprato
- Alberta Respiratory Centre and Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada; (A.D.); (H.R.); (P.L.)
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H9, Canada
| | - Himasha Rao
- Alberta Respiratory Centre and Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada; (A.D.); (H.R.); (P.L.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - Hannah Durrington
- Division of Infection, Immunity, and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK;
| | - Robert Maidstone
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxfordshire OX1 2JD, UK;
| | - Ana Adan
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, 08007 Barcelona, Spain;
- Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, 08007 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose Francisco Navarro
- Department of Psychobiology and Methodology of Behavioral Sciences, University of Malaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain;
| | - Anna Palomar-Cros
- Non-Communicable Diseases and Environment Group, ISGlobal, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (A.P.-C.); (B.N.H.); (M.K.)
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, University of Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Barbara N. Harding
- Non-Communicable Diseases and Environment Group, ISGlobal, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (A.P.-C.); (B.N.H.); (M.K.)
| | - Prasun Haldar
- Department of Physiology, West Bengal State University, Barasat 700126, India;
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Supreme Institute of Management and Technology, Mankundu 712139, India
| | - Saibal Moitra
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Apollo Gleneagles Hospital, Kolkata 700054, India;
| | - Tanusree Moitra
- Department of Psychology, Barrackpore Rastraguru Surendranath College, Barrackpore 700120, India;
| | - Lyle Melenka
- Synergy Respiratory and Cardiac Care, Sherwood Park, AB T8H 0N2, Canada;
| | - Manolis Kogevinas
- Non-Communicable Diseases and Environment Group, ISGlobal, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (A.P.-C.); (B.N.H.); (M.K.)
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, University of Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paige Lacy
- Alberta Respiratory Centre and Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada; (A.D.); (H.R.); (P.L.)
| | - Subhabrata Moitra
- Alberta Respiratory Centre and Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada; (A.D.); (H.R.); (P.L.)
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Abstract
The molecular mechanism of circadian clocks depends on transcription-translation feedback loops (TTFLs) that have known effects on key cellular processes. However, the distinct role of circadian TTFLs in mammalian stem cells and other less differentiated cells remains poorly understood. Neural stem cells (NSCs) of the brain generate neurons and glia postnatally but also may become cancer stem cells (CSCs), particularly in astrocytomas. Evidence indicates clock TTFL impairment is needed for tumor growth and progression; although, this issue has been examined primarily in more differentiated cancer cells rather than CSCs. Similarly, few studies have examined circadian rhythms in NSCs. After decades of research, it is now well recognized that tumors consist of CSCs and a range of other cancer cells along with noncancerous stromal cells. The circadian properties of these many contributors to tumor properties and treatment outcome are being widely explored. New molecular tools and ones in development will likely enable greater discrimination of important circadian and non-circadian cells within malignancies at multiple stages of cancer progression and following therapy. Here, we focus on adult NSCs and glioma CSCs to address how cells at different stages of differentiation may harbor unique states of the molecular circadian clock influencing differentiation and cell fate.
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25
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Windsperger K, Kiss H, Oberaigner W, Leitner H, Binder F, Muin DA, Foessleitner P, Husslein PW, Farr A. Exposure to night-time light pollution and risk of prolonged duration of labor: A nationwide cohort study. Birth 2022; 49:87-96. [PMID: 34250632 PMCID: PMC9291618 DOI: 10.1111/birt.12577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Light pollution (LP) is a ubiquitous environmental agent that affects more than 80% of the world's population. This large nationwide cohort study evaluates whether exposure to LP can influence obstetric outcomes. METHODS We analyzed Austrian birth registry data on 717 113 cases between 2008 and 2016 and excluded cases involving day-time delivery, <23 + 0 gestational weeks, and/or birthweight <500 g, induction of labor, elective cesarean, or cases with missing data. The independent variable, that is, degree of night-time LP, was categorized as low (0.174 to <0.688 mcd/m2 ), medium (0.688 to <3 mcd/m2 ), or high (3 to <10 mcd/m2 ). Duration of labor and adverse neonatal outcomes served as outcome measures. RESULTS Cases in regions with high LP (odds ratio [OR], 1.43; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.30-1.57) and medium LP (OR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.14-1.31) showed increased odds of prolonged labor (P < .0001 each). Newborns born in regions with high LP (OR, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.07-1.16) and medium LP (OR, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.04-1.10) showed increased odds of experiencing adverse outcomes (P < .0001 each). Preterm delivery <28 + 0 weeks was also associated with the degree of LP (P = .04). CONCLUSIONS Night-time LP negatively interferes with obstetric outcomes. The perceived influence of LP as an environmental agent needs to be re-evaluated to minimize associated health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Windsperger
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyDivision of Obstetrics and Feto‐Maternal MedicineMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Herbert Kiss
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyDivision of Obstetrics and Feto‐Maternal MedicineMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Wilhelm Oberaigner
- Department of Public Health, Health Services Research and Health Technology AssessmentInstitute of Public Health, Medical Decision Making and Health Technology AssessmentUMIT University for Health SciencesMedical Informatics and TechnologyHall in TirolAustria
| | - Hermann Leitner
- Department of Clinical EpidemiologyTyrolean Federal Institute for Integrated CareTirol Kliniken GmbHInnsbruckAustria
| | - Franz Binder
- Department of AstrophysicsUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Dana A. Muin
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyDivision of Obstetrics and Feto‐Maternal MedicineMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Philipp Foessleitner
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyDivision of Obstetrics and Feto‐Maternal MedicineMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Peter W. Husslein
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyDivision of Obstetrics and Feto‐Maternal MedicineMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Alex Farr
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyDivision of Obstetrics and Feto‐Maternal MedicineMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
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Xu YX, Yu Y, Huang Y, Wan YH, Su PY, Tao FB, Sun Y. Exposure to bedroom light pollution and cardiometabolic risk: A cohort study from Chinese young adults. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 294:118628. [PMID: 34883146 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Indoor light environment has altered dramatically and exposure to light at night (LAN) potential leads to the progression of cardiometabolic conditions. However, few studies have investigated the effect of bedroom LAN exposure on cardiometabolic risk. To estimate the associations between multi-period bedroom LAN exposure with cardiometabolic risk among Chinese young adults. We objectively measured multi-period bedroom LAN intensity using portable illuminance meter in an ongoing prospective cohort (n = 484). At one-year follow-up, 230 young adults provided fasting blood samples for quantification of cardiometabolic parameters. Cardiometabolic (CM)-risk score was derived as the sum of standardized sex-specific z-scores for waist circumference (WC), mean arterial pressure (MAP), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglyceride (TG) and homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), with HDL-C multiplied by - 1. Multivariate and univariable linear regression models were used to examine associations of multi-period bedroom LAN exposure with cardiometabolic risk. Exposure to higher bedroom LAN intensity is associated with 1.47-unit increase in CM-risk score (95% CI: 0.69-2.25; P < 0.001). Besides, post-bedtime light exposure was associated with elevated fasting insulin (PBL-1h: β = 0.06, 95% CI: 0.01-0.10; PBL-4h: β = 0.33, 95% CI: 0.19-0.47) and HOMA-IR (PBL-1h: β = 0.013, 95% CI: 0-0.03; PBL-4h: β = 0.07, 95% CI: 0.04-0.11) while pre-awake light exposure was associated with elevated total cholesterol (PAL-1h: β = 0.03, 95% CI: 0.02-0.04; PAL-2h: β = 0.02, 95% CI: 0.01-0.03), triglyceride (PAL-1h: β = 0.015, 95% CI: 0.01-0.02; PAL-2h: β = 0.01, 95% CI: 0-0.02) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (PAL-1h: β = 0.02, 95% CI: 0.01-0.03; PAL-2h: β = 0.02, 95% CI: 0.01-0.03). Among young adults, bedroom LAN exposure was significantly associated with higher cardiometabolic risk. Furthermore, different periods of bedroom light exposure have time-dependent effect on cardiometabolic risk. Further research is needed to confirm our findings and to elucidate potential mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Xiang Xu
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yu-Hui Wan
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Pu-Yu Su
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Fang-Biao Tao
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
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Fernandez FX. Current Insights into Optimal Lighting for Promoting Sleep and Circadian Health: Brighter Days and the Importance of Sunlight in the Built Environment. Nat Sci Sleep 2022; 14:25-39. [PMID: 35023979 PMCID: PMC8747801 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s251712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This perspective considers the possibility that daytime's intrusion into night made possible by electric lighting may not be as pernicious to sleep and circadian health as the encroachment of nighttime into day wrought by 20th century architectural practices that have left many people estranged from sunlight.
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Cable J, Schernhammer E, Hanlon EC, Vetter C, Cedernaes J, Makarem N, Dashti HS, Shechter A, Depner C, Ingiosi A, Blume C, Tan X, Gottlieb E, Benedict C, Van Cauter E, St-Onge MP. Sleep and circadian rhythms: pillars of health-a Keystone Symposia report. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2021; 1506:18-34. [PMID: 34341993 PMCID: PMC8688158 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The human circadian system consists of the master clock in the suprachiasmatic nuclei of the hypothalamus as well as in peripheral molecular clocks located in organs throughout the body. This system plays a major role in the temporal organization of biological and physiological processes, such as body temperature, blood pressure, hormone secretion, gene expression, and immune functions, which all manifest consistent diurnal patterns. Many facets of modern life, such as work schedules, travel, and social activities, can lead to sleep/wake and eating schedules that are misaligned relative to the biological clock. This misalignment can disrupt and impair physiological and psychological parameters that may ultimately put people at higher risk for chronic diseases like cancer, cardiovascular disease, and other metabolic disorders. Understanding the mechanisms that regulate sleep circadian rhythms may ultimately lead to insights on behavioral interventions that can lower the risk of these diseases. On February 25, 2021, experts in sleep, circadian rhythms, and chronobiology met virtually for the Keystone eSymposium "Sleep & Circadian Rhythms: Pillars of Health" to discuss the latest research for understanding the bidirectional relationships between sleep, circadian rhythms, and health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eva Schernhammer
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, and Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Erin C Hanlon
- Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Céline Vetter
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Jonathan Cedernaes
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Nour Makarem
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Hassan S Dashti
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ari Shechter
- Department of Medicine and Sleep Center of Excellence, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Christopher Depner
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Ashley Ingiosi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington
| | - Christine Blume
- Centre for Chronobiology, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel, and Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Xiao Tan
- Department of Neuroscience (Sleep Science, BMC), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Elie Gottlieb
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, and University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christian Benedict
- Department of Neuroscience (Sleep Science, BMC), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Eve Van Cauter
- Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Marie-Pierre St-Onge
- Sleep Center of Excellence, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
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29
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Wei F, Chen W, Lin X. Night-shift work, breast cancer incidence, and all-cause mortality: an updated meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Sleep Breath 2021; 26:1509-1526. [PMID: 34775538 DOI: 10.1007/s11325-021-02523-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Night-shift work exposure is proposed to link to a wide range of health issues, especially cancer incidence, cancer-specific death, and all-cause death. However, the epidemiological associations among night-shift work exposure, breast cancer, breast cancer-specific death, and all-cause mortality remain inconclusive. METHODS We performed an updated systematic review and meta-analysis to confirm potential associations among night-shift work exposure, breast cancer, and all-cause mortality. RESULTS A total of 31 prospective cohort studies, involving 9.3 million participants, 31,244 incident breast cancer cases, 12,728 cancer-related deaths, 7882 cardiovascular deaths, and 30,807 all-cause mortalities were included. Overall, the summary RR of incident breast cancer in females for an increase of night-shift work was 1.029 (95% CI 1.003-1.055). Compared with standard day workers, night-shift workers had a statistically significantly increased RR (1.086, 95% CI 1.032-1.142) for breast cancer incidence in the subgroup of > 10 years exposure. Furthermore, a positive association was revealed in subgroup studies of rotating night-shift work (RR = 1.053, 95% CI 1.018-1.090). A significant increased risk of cardiovascular mortality was demonstrated in the night-shift work group (RR = 1.031; 95% CI 1.006-1.057). CONCLUSION Our systematic review and meta-analysis provided convincing evidence supporting positive associations among night-shift work exposure, breast cancer incidence, and cardiovascular mortality. Taken together, night-shift work exposure significantly increased the risk of breast cancer morbidity by 2.9% for total, 8.6% for the subgroup of more than 10 years night-shift work, and 5.3% for rotating night-shift work. In addition, night-shift work increased the risk of cardiovascular mortality by 3.1%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengqin Wei
- Department of Geriatrics, Fujian Provincial 2Nd People's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Weiyu Chen
- Department of Physiology, Zhongshan Medical School, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoti Lin
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fujian Provincial Maternity and Children's Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
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30
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Liang Z, Wang W, Wang Y, Ma L, Liang C, Li P, Yang C, Wei F, Li S, Zhang L. Urbanization, ambient air pollution, and prevalence of chronic kidney disease: A nationwide cross-sectional study. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 156:106752. [PMID: 34256301 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
An increasing number of studies have linked ambient air pollution to chronic kidney disease (CKD) prevalence. However, its potential effect modification by urbanization has not been investigated. Based on data of 47,204 adults from the China National Survey of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKSCKD) dataset, night light satellite remote sensing data and high-resolution air pollution inversion products, the present cross-sectional study investigated the association between fine particulate matter <2.5 mm in diameter (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), night light index (NLI) and CKD prevalence in China, and the effect modification by urbanization characterized by administrative classification and NLI on the pollutant-health associations. Our results showed that a 10-μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 at 3-year moving average, a 10-μg/m3 increase in NO2 at 5-year moving average, and a 10-U increase in NLI at 5-year moving average were significantly associated with increased odds of CKD prevalence [OR = 1.24 (95 %CI:1.14, 1.35); OR = 1.12 (95 %CI:1.09, 1.15); OR = 1.05 (95 %CI:1.02, 1.07)]. Meanwhile, the pollutant-health associations were more apparent in medium-urbanized areas compared to low- and high-urbanized areas. For instance, a 10-μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 concentration at 2-year moving average was associated with increased odds of CKD in the areas with NLI level in the second [OR = 2.78 (95 %CI:1.77, 4.36)] and third quartiles [OR = 1.49 (95 %CI:1.14, 1.95)], compared to the lowest [OR = 0.96 (95% CI: 0.73, 1.26)] and highest [OR = 0.63 (95% CI: 0.39-1.02)] quartiles. PM2.5 and NO2 were associated with increased odds of CKD prevalence, especially in areas with medium NLI levels, suggesting the necessity of strengthening environmental management in medium-urbanized regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze Liang
- Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wanzhou Wang
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yueyao Wang
- Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Lin Ma
- Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Chenyu Liang
- Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Pengfei Li
- Advanced Institute of Information Technology, Peking University, Hangzhou 311215, China
| | - Chao Yang
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University Institute of Nephrology, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Feili Wei
- Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shuangcheng Li
- Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Luxia Zhang
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University Institute of Nephrology, Beijing 100034, China; National Institutes of Health Data Science at Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
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31
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Urbano T, Vinceti M, Wise LA, Filippini T. Light at night and risk of breast cancer: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis. Int J Health Geogr 2021; 20:44. [PMID: 34656111 PMCID: PMC8520294 DOI: 10.1186/s12942-021-00297-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women and the second leading cause of cancer death overall. Besides genetic, reproductive, and hormonal factors involved in disease onset and progression, greater attention has focused recently on the etiologic role of environmental factors, including exposure to artificial lighting such as light-at-night (LAN). We investigated the extent to which LAN, including outdoor and indoor exposure, affects breast cancer risk. We performed a systematic review of epidemiological evidence on the association between LAN exposure and breast cancer risk, using a dose–response meta-analysis to examine the shape of the relation. We retrieved 17 eligible studies through September 13, 2021, including ten cohort and seven case–control studies. In the analysis comparing highest versus lowest LAN exposure, we found a positive association between exposure and disease risk (risk ratio [RR] 1.11, 95% confidence interval-CI 1.07–1.15), with comparable associations in case–control studies (RR 1.14, 95% CI 0.98–1.34) and cohort studies (RR 1.10, 95% CI 1.06–1.15). In stratified analyses, risk was similar for outdoor and indoor LAN exposure, while slightly stronger risks were observed for premenopausal women (premenopausal: RR 1.16, 95% CI 1.04–1.28; postmenopausal: 1.07, 95% CI 1.02–1.13) and for women with estrogen receptor (ER) positive breast cancer (ER + : RR 1.09, 95% CI 1.02–1.17; ER–: RR 1.07, 95% CI 0.92–1.23). The dose–response meta-analysis, performed only in studies investigating outdoor LAN using comparable exposure assessment, showed a linear relation up to 40 nW/cm2/sr after which the curve flattened, especially among premenopausal women. This first assessment of the dose–response relation between LAN and breast cancer supports a positive association in selected subgroups, particularly in premenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Urbano
- CREAGEN - Environmental, Genetic and Nutritional Epidemiology Research Center, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Marco Vinceti
- CREAGEN - Environmental, Genetic and Nutritional Epidemiology Research Center, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy. .,Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Lauren A Wise
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tommaso Filippini
- CREAGEN - Environmental, Genetic and Nutritional Epidemiology Research Center, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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32
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Xu YX, Zhang AH, Yu Y, Wan YH, Tao FB, Sun Y. Sex-specific association of exposure to bedroom light at night with general and abdominal adiposity in young adults. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 223:112561. [PMID: 34348191 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Experimental animal studies and limited epidemiologic evidence among elder population suggest that exposure to light at night (LAN) may be obesogenic. Nevertheless, little is known about the possible impact of bedroom LAN exposure on subsequent adiposity and the distribution pattern of the accumulated fat, especially in younger population. Here, we estimated longitudinal associations of objectively assessed bedroom LAN exposure with general and abdominal adiposity among young adults. We measured 2-night bedroom LAN exposure using a portable illuminometer in a cohort of young adults (n = 482). Body composition using multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis was evaluated at baseline and 1-year follow-up visit. Significant increases in fat mass (2.4 kg, P = 0.015 in male; 1.9 kg, P < 0.001 in female), visceral fat area (10.7 cm2, P < 0.001 in male; 5.0 cm2, P = 0.01 in female), waist circumference (3.8 cm, P = 0.039 in male; 2.5 cm, P = 0.047 in female) and percentage of body fat (3.6%, P = 0.002 in male; 3.0%, P = 0.001 in female) were observed among individuals with bedroom LAN higher than 5 lx. Compared to the lowest quartile group of bedroom LAN exposure, the highest quartile group was associated with an increase of 0.64 kg/m2 in BMI (95% CI: 0.18-1.09 kg/m2; P = 0.006) and 1.22 kg increase in fat mass (95% CI: 0.10-2.34 kg; P = 0.025) among female participants, and 10.58 cm2 in visceral fat area (95% CI: 4.85-16.31 cm2; P = 0.001) and 2.59 cm in waist circumference (95% CI: 0.37-4.81 cm; P = 0.023) among male participants. In this cohort of Chinese young adults, significant associations were observed between bedroom LAN exposure and adiposity in a sex- and fat depot-specific fashion. Further intervention and longitudinal studies could help elucidate the actual effects and develop sex-specific strategies against lifetime obesity and related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Xiang Xu
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - An-Hui Zhang
- Wuhu Maternity & Child Health Care Hospital, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yu-Hui Wan
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Fang-Biao Tao
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China.
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33
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Walker WH, Kvadas RM, May LE, Liu JA, Bumgarner JR, Walton JC, DeVries AC, Dauchy RT, Blask DE, Nelson RJ. Artificial Light at Night Reduces Anxiety-like Behavior in Female Mice with Exacerbated Mammary Tumor Growth. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13194860. [PMID: 34638343 PMCID: PMC8508227 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13194860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Artificial light at night, initially assumed to be innocuous, is associated with an increased risk for developing mood disorders, sleep disturbances, and cancer. However, the influence of ALAN on affective behavior in tumor-bearing mice has not been investigated. Here, we demonstrate that ALAN reduces the latency to tumor onset and increases terminal tumor volume. Additionally, tumor-bearing mice housed in dark nights exhibit increased anxiety-like behavior which is prevented via housing in ALAN. Abstract Artificial light at night (ALAN) is a pervasive phenomenon. Although initially assumed to be innocuous, recent research has demonstrated its deleterious effects on physiology and behavior. Exposure to ALAN is associated with disruptions to sleep/wake cycles, development of mood disorders, metabolic disorders, and cancer. However, the influence of ALAN on affective behavior in tumor-bearing mice has not been investigated. We hypothesize that exposure to ALAN accelerates mammary tumor growth and predict that ALAN exacerbates negative affective behaviors in tumor-bearing mice. Adult (>8 weeks) female C3H mice received a unilateral orthotropic injection of FM3A mouse mammary carcinoma cells (1.0 × 105 in 100 μL) into the fourth inguinal mammary gland. Nineteen days after tumor inoculation, mice were tested for sucrose preference (anhedonia-like behavior). The following day, mice were subjected to an open field test (anxiety-like behavior), followed by forced swim testing (depressive-like behavior). Regardless of tumor status, mice housed in ALAN increased body mass through the first ten days. Tumor-bearing ALAN-housed mice demonstrated reduced latency to tumor onset (day 5) and increased terminal tumor volume (day 21). Exposure to ALAN reduced sucrose preference independent of tumor status. Additionally, tumor-bearing mice housed in dark nights demonstrated significantly increased anxiety-like behavior that was normalized via housing in ALAN. Together, these data reaffirm the negative effects of ALAN on tumorigenesis and demonstrate the potential anxiolytic effect of ALAN in the presence of mammary tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- William H. Walker
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA; (R.M.K.); (L.E.M.); (J.A.L.); (J.R.B.); (J.C.W.); (A.C.D.); (R.J.N.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Raegan M. Kvadas
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA; (R.M.K.); (L.E.M.); (J.A.L.); (J.R.B.); (J.C.W.); (A.C.D.); (R.J.N.)
| | - Laura E. May
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA; (R.M.K.); (L.E.M.); (J.A.L.); (J.R.B.); (J.C.W.); (A.C.D.); (R.J.N.)
| | - Jennifer A. Liu
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA; (R.M.K.); (L.E.M.); (J.A.L.); (J.R.B.); (J.C.W.); (A.C.D.); (R.J.N.)
| | - Jacob R. Bumgarner
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA; (R.M.K.); (L.E.M.); (J.A.L.); (J.R.B.); (J.C.W.); (A.C.D.); (R.J.N.)
| | - James C. Walton
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA; (R.M.K.); (L.E.M.); (J.A.L.); (J.R.B.); (J.C.W.); (A.C.D.); (R.J.N.)
| | - A. Courtney DeVries
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA; (R.M.K.); (L.E.M.); (J.A.L.); (J.R.B.); (J.C.W.); (A.C.D.); (R.J.N.)
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology/Hematology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
- Cancer Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - Robert T. Dauchy
- Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (R.T.D.); (D.E.B.)
| | - David E. Blask
- Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (R.T.D.); (D.E.B.)
| | - Randy J. Nelson
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA; (R.M.K.); (L.E.M.); (J.A.L.); (J.R.B.); (J.C.W.); (A.C.D.); (R.J.N.)
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Lin HH, Robertson KL, Bisbee HA, Farkas ME. Oncogenic and Circadian Effects of Small Molecules Directly and Indirectly Targeting the Core Circadian Clock. Integr Cancer Ther 2021; 19:1534735420924094. [PMID: 32493076 PMCID: PMC7273620 DOI: 10.1177/1534735420924094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are essential for controlling the cell cycle, cellular
proliferation, and apoptosis, and hence are tightly linked to cell fate. Several
recent studies have used small molecules to affect circadian oscillations;
however, their concomitant cellular effects were not assessed, and they have not
been compared under similar experimental conditions. In this work, we use five
molecules, grouped into direct versus indirect effectors of the circadian clock,
to modulate periods in a human osteosarcoma cell line (U2OS) and determine their
influences on cellular behaviors, including motility and colony formation.
Luciferase reporters, whose expression was driven via Bmal1- or
Per2-promoters, were used to facilitate the visualization
and quantitative analysis of circadian oscillations. We show that all molecules
increase or decrease the circadian periods of Bmal1 and
Per2 in a dose-dependent manner, but period length does not
correlate with the extent of cell migration or proliferation. Nonetheless,
molecules that affected circadian oscillations to a greater degree resulted in
substantial influence on cellular behaviors (ie, motility and colony formation),
which may also be attributable to noncircadian targets. Furthermore, we find
that the ability and extent to which the molecules are able to affect
oscillations is independent of whether they are direct or indirect modulators.
Because of the numerous connections and feedback between the circadian clock and
other pathways, it is important to consider the effects of both in assessing
these and other compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Hsien Lin
- University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
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35
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Xiao Q, Gierach GL, Bauer C, Blot WJ, James P, Jones RR. The Association between Outdoor Artificial Light at Night and Breast Cancer Risk in Black and White Women in the Southern Community Cohort Study. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2021; 129:87701. [PMID: 34379524 PMCID: PMC8357036 DOI: 10.1289/ehp9381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Xiao
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Gretchen L. Gierach
- Integrative Tumor Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Cici Bauer
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - William J. Blot
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Peter James
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rena R. Jones
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
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36
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Khodasevich D, Tsui S, Keung D, Skene DJ, Revell V, Martinez ME. Characterizing the modern light environment and its influence on circadian rhythms. Proc Biol Sci 2021; 288:20210721. [PMID: 34284625 PMCID: PMC8292753 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2021.0721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans have largely supplanted natural light cycles with a variety of electric light sources and schedules misaligned with day-night cycles. Circadian disruption has been linked to a number of disease processes, but the extent of circadian disruption among the population is unknown. In this study, we measured light exposure and wrist temperature among residents of an urban area during each of the four seasons, as well as light illuminance in nearby outdoor locations. Daily light exposure was significantly lower for individuals, compared to outdoor light sensors, across all four seasons. There was also little seasonal variation in the realized photoperiod experienced by individuals, with the only significant difference occurring between winter and summer. We tested the hypothesis that differential light exposure impacts circadian phase timing, detected via the wrist temperature rhythm. To determine the influence of light exposure on circadian rhythms, we modelled the impact of morning and night-time light exposure on the timing of the maximum wrist temperature. We found that morning and night-time light exposure had significant but opposing impacts on maximum wrist temperature timing. Our results demonstrate that, within the range of exposure seen in everyday life, night-time light can delay the onset of the maximum wrist temperature, while morning light can lead to earlier onset. Our results demonstrate that humans are minimizing natural seasonal differences in light exposure, and that circadian shifts and disruptions may be a more regular occurrence in the general population than is currently recognized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Khodasevich
- Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Susan Tsui
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Darwin Keung
- Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Debra J. Skene
- Chronobiology, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, UK
| | - Victoria Revell
- Surrey Sleep Research Centre, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, UK
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Abstract
The physiology and behavior of most life at or near the Earth’s surface has evolved over billions of years to be attuned with our planet’s natural light–dark cycle of day and night. However, over a relatively short time span, humans have disrupted this natural cycle of illumination with the introduction and now widespread proliferation of artificial light at night (ALAN). Growing research in a broad range of fields, such as ecology, the environment, human health, public safety, economy, and society, increasingly shows that ALAN is taking a profound toll on our world. Much of our current understanding of light pollution comes from datasets generated by remote sensing, primarily from two missions, the Operational Linescan System (OLS) instrument of the now-declassified Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) of the U.S. Department of Defense and its follow-on platform, the Day-Night Band (DNB) of the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) instrument on board the Suomi National Polar-Orbiting Partnership satellite. Although they have both proved invaluable for ALAN research, sensing of nighttime lights was not the primary design objective for either the DMSP-OLS or VIIRS-DNB instruments; thus, they have some critical limitations. Being broadband sensors, both the DMSP-OLS and VIIRS-DNB instruments suffer from a lack of spectral information. Additionally, their spatial resolutions are too low for many ALAN research applications, though the VIIRS-DNB instrument is much improved over the DMSP-OLS in this regard, as well as in terms of dynamic range and quantization. Further, the very late local time of VIIRS-DNB observations potentially misses the true picture of ALAN. We reviewed both current literature and guiding advice from ALAN experts, aggregated from a diverse range of disciplines and Science Goals, to derive recommendations for a mission to expand knowledge of ALAN in areas that are not adequately addressed with currently existing orbital missions. We propose a stand-alone mission focused on understanding light pollution and its effects on our planet. Here we review the science cases and the subsequent mission recommendations for NITESat (Nighttime Imaging of Terrestrial Environments Satellite), a dedicated ALAN observing mission.
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Stanhope J, Liddicoat C, Weinstein P. Outdoor artificial light at night: A forgotten factor in green space and health research. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 197:111012. [PMID: 33716029 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to green space has been associated with a range of human health benefits, largely in spatial epidemiological studies. Green space and artificial light at night are both associated with breast and prostate cancer, depressive symptoms, obesity, and sleep problems, and are both influenced by the built environment and urbanisation. We identified a negative correlation between green space diversity and outdoor artificial light at night for Australian major cities. Outdoor artificial light at night is therefore a potential, but overlooked, confounder in spatial epidemiological studies of green space exposure and human health, and should be incorporated into future models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Stanhope
- School of Allied Health Science and Practice, The University of Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Craig Liddicoat
- School of Public Health, The University of Adelaide, Australia; College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Australia
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Sun S, Cao W, Ge Y, Ran J, Sun F, Zeng Q, Guo M, Huang J, Lee RSY, Tian L, Wellenius GA. Outdoor light at night and risk of coronary heart disease among older adults: a prospective cohort study. Eur Heart J 2021; 42:822-830. [PMID: 33205210 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS We estimated the association between outdoor light at night at the residence and risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) within a prospective cohort of older adults in Hong Kong. METHODS AND RESULTS Over a median of 11 years of follow-up, we identified 3772 incident CHD hospitalizations and 1695 CHD deaths. Annual levels of outdoor light at night at participants' residential addresses were estimated using time-varying satellite data for a composite of persistent night-time illumination at ∼1 km2 scale. We used Cox proportional hazards models to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of the association between outdoor light at night at the residence and risk of CHD. The association between light at night and incident CHD hospitalization and mortality exhibited a monotonic exposure-response function. An interquartile range (IQR) (60.0 nW/cm2/sr) increase in outdoor light at night was associated with an HR of 1.11 (95% CI: 1.03, 1.18) for CHD hospitalizations and 1.10 (95% CI: 1.00, 1.22) for CHD deaths after adjusting for both individual and area-level risk factors. The association did not vary across strata of hypothesized risk factors. CONCLUSION Among older adults, outdoor light at night at the residence was associated with a higher risk of CHD hospitalizations and deaths. We caution against causal interpretation of these novel findings. Future studies with more detailed information on exposure, individual adaptive behaviours, and potential mediators are warranted to further examine the relationship between light at night and CHD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengzhi Sun
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, 715 Albany Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA.,School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Wangnan Cao
- Center for Evidence Synthesis in Health, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Yang Ge
- School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30606, USA
| | - Jinjun Ran
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Feng Sun
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Centre, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Qiang Zeng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Mengdi Guo
- Department of Urban Planning and Design, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Jianxiang Huang
- Department of Urban Planning and Design, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Ruby Siu-Yin Lee
- Elderly Health Service, Department of Health, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Linwei Tian
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Gregory A Wellenius
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, 715 Albany Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This article provides an overview of circadian physiology and discusses common presentations and treatment strategies for the circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders. RECENT FINDINGS Circadian rhythms are present throughout the body, and appreciation for the role that circadian dysregulation plays in overall health is increasing, with mounting associations between circadian disruption and cardiometabolic disease risk. SUMMARY It is important to recognize the ubiquitous role that circadian rhythms play throughout the brain and body. An understanding of circadian neurophysiology will provide insight into the means by which patients with a variety of neuropathologies at the level of the retina, optic nerve, or hypothalamus may also be at risk for circadian dysfunction.
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Associations of long-term exposure to environmental noise and outdoor light at night with age at natural menopause in a US women cohort. Environ Epidemiol 2021; 5:e154. [PMID: 34131615 PMCID: PMC8196097 DOI: 10.1097/ee9.0000000000000154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested noise, especially at night time, and light at night (LAN) could cause neuroendocrine disturbance and circadian disruption, which may lead to ovarian follicle atresia and earlier onset of menopause. However, no study to date has directly investigated the associations of exposure to these factors and menopausal age. Methods Premenopausal women from the Nurses' Health Study II (NHS II) were followed from age 40 through 2015. Median daytime and nighttime anthropogenic noise and outdoor LAN exposure were measured from a geospatial prediction model and satellite images, respectively, at residential addresses throughout the follow-up. Time-varying Cox proportional hazard models were used to calculate the hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals, adjusting for individual lifestyle, reproductive history, and neighborhood socioeconomic factors. Possible effect modification by region, smoking status, body mass index, race/ethnicity, history of rotating shift work, and census tract population density and median income was examined. Results A total of 63,380 of 105,326 women self-reported natural menopause during 1,043,298 person-years of follow-up. No associations were found for noise (both daytime and nighttime) and outdoor LAN exposure with age at natural menopause (hazard ratios = 0.99-1.00) in the fully adjusted models. Sensitivity analyses showed similar null associations. No meaningful effect modification was found for region, smoking status, body mass index, race/ethnicity, history of rotating shift work, and census tract socioeconomic measures in stratified analyses. Conclusion No associations were found between environmental noise and outdoor LAN exposure in mid-adulthood and menopausal age in this cohort of US women.
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Lai KY, Sarkar C, Ni MY, Cheung LWT, Gallacher J, Webster C. Exposure to light at night (LAN) and risk of breast cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 762:143159. [PMID: 33131852 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the unprecedented urbanization light pollution has emerged as a ubiquitous problem, and there has been accumulating evidence on the links between exposure to light at night (LAN) and breast cancer risk. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of published studies on the associations between LAN exposure and breast cancer risk. METHODS We included all observational human studies wherein the exposure variable was LAN measured in indoor and outdoor environments, and the outcome was breast cancer. We employed summary relative risks (SRR) for breast cancer by comparing highest versus lowest categories of LAN exposure within a random-effects model. The National Toxicology Program's (NTP) Office of Health Assessment and Translation (OHAT) risk of bias rating tool was adopted to assess the risk of bias in individual studies and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) guideline was employed to assess confidence in the body of evidence. RESULTS A total 14 studies comprising four cohorts (13,155 cases among 372,802 exposed subjects), nine case-control and one case-referent studies of female subjects (39,462 cases and 20,739 controls) across seven countries and published between 2001 and 20 were included for review. Participants in the highest LAN exposure category were associated with higher risk of breast cancer in reference to those in the lowest (SRR: 1.12; 95% CI: 1.06-1.18; I2 = 39% for outdoor LAN, and SRR: 1.13; 95%CI: 1.05-1.21; I2 = 19% for indoor LAN). Pooled evidence identified relatively pronounced association of outdoor LAN exposure and breast cancer among women with estrogen receptor positive (ER+) tumor (SRR: 1.21; 95% CI: 1.04-1.40) and premenopausal status (SRR: 1.21; 95% CI: 1.06-1.37). The final rate of confidence in the body of evidence generated was graded as 'moderate' based on GRADE guideline. DISCUSSION LAN exposure was consistently associated with higher breast cancer risk corroborating NTP's recommendations which anticipates excessive LAN as human carcinogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka Yan Lai
- Healthy High Density Cities Lab, HKUrbanLab, The University of Hong Kong, Knowles Building, Pokfulam Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Chinmoy Sarkar
- Healthy High Density Cities Lab, HKUrbanLab, The University of Hong Kong, Knowles Building, Pokfulam Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China; School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Patrick Manson Building, Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Michael Y Ni
- Healthy High Density Cities Lab, HKUrbanLab, The University of Hong Kong, Knowles Building, Pokfulam Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China; School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Patrick Manson Building, Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China; The State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lydia W T Cheung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Laboratory Block, Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - John Gallacher
- Department of Psychiatry, Oxford University, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Chris Webster
- Healthy High Density Cities Lab, HKUrbanLab, The University of Hong Kong, Knowles Building, Pokfulam Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
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Xiao Q, Jones RR, James P, Stolzenberg-Solomon RZ. Light at Night and Risk of Pancreatic Cancer in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study. Cancer Res 2021; 81:1616-1622. [PMID: 33514513 PMCID: PMC8693799 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-2256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Circadian disruption may play a role in carcinogenesis. Recent research suggests that light at night (LAN), a circadian disruptor, may be a risk factor for cancer. Moreover, LAN has been linked to obesity and diabetes, two risk factors for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Here we examine the relationship between LAN and PDAC in an epidemiologic study of 464,371 participants from the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study. LAN was estimated from satellite imagery at baseline (1996), and incident primary PDAC cases were ascertained from state cancer registries. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate HRs and two-sided 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association between quintiles of LAN and PDAC in the overall population stratified by sex. Over up to 16.2 years of follow-up, a total of 2,502 incident PDAC were identified in the cohort. Higher estimated LAN exposure was associated with an elevated PDAC risk. Compared with those living in areas in the lowest LAN quintile, those in areas in the highest quintile had a 27% increase PDAC risk [HR (95% CI), 1.24 (1.03-1.49)], with similar risk for men [1.21 (0.96-1.53)] and women [1.28 (0.94-1.75)]. In addition, stronger associations were observed in normal and overweight groups compared with the obese group (P interaction = 0.03). Our results support the hypothesis that LAN and circadian disruption may be risk factors for PDAC. SIGNIFICANCE: Our study suggests that higher LAN is a risk factor for pancreatic cancer, contributing to the growing literature that demonstrates the potentially adverse health effects of light pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Xiao
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas.
| | - Rena R Jones
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, NCI, NIH, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Peter James
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
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Clarke RB, Amini H, James P, von Euler-Chelpin M, Jørgensen JT, Mehta A, Cole-Hunter T, Westendorp R, Mortensen LH, Loft S, Brandt J, Hertel O, Ketzel M, Backalarz C, Andersen ZJ, Lim YH. Outdoor light at night and breast cancer incidence in the Danish Nurse Cohort. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 194:110631. [PMID: 33345898 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Knowledge of the role of melatonin, xenograft experiments, and epidemiological studies suggests that exposure to light at night (LAN) may disturb circadian rhythms, possibly increasing the risk of developing breast cancer. OBJECTIVES We examined the association between residential outdoor LAN and the incidence of breast cancer: overall and subtypes classified by estrogen (ER) and progesterone (PR) receptor status. METHODS We used data on 16,941 nurses from the Danish Nurse Cohort who were followed-up from the cohort baseline in 1993 or 1999 through 2012 in the Danish Cancer Registry for breast cancer incidence and the Danish Breast Cancer Cooperative Group for breast cancer ER and PR status. LAN exposure data were obtained from the U.S. Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) available for 1996, 1999, 2000, 2003, 2004, 2006, and 2010 in nW/cm2/sr unit, and assigned to the study participants' residence addresses during the follow-up. Time-varying Cox regression models were used to calculate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between LAN and breast cancer, adjusting for individual characteristics, road traffic noise, and air pollution. RESULTS Of 16,941 nurses, 745 developed breast cancer in total during 320,289 person-years of follow-up. We found no association between exposure to LAN and overall breast cancer. In the fully adjusted models, HRs for the highest (65.8-446.4 nW/cm2/sr) and medium (22.0-65.7 nW/cm2/sr) LAN tertiles were 0.97 (95% CI: 0.77, 1.23) and 1.09 (95% CI: 0.90, 1.31), respectively, compared to the lowest tertile of LAN exposure (0-21.9 nW/cm2/sr). We found a suggestive association between LAN and ER-breast cancer. CONCLUSION This large cohort study of Danish female nurses suggests weak evidence of the association between LAN and breast cancer incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca B Clarke
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Heresh Amini
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States.
| | - Peter James
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, United States
| | - My von Euler-Chelpin
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jeanette T Jørgensen
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Amar Mehta
- Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Statistics Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tom Cole-Hunter
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Centre for Air pollution, energy and health Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Rudi Westendorp
- Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Laust H Mortensen
- Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Statistics Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Steffen Loft
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jørgen Brandt
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ole Hertel
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Matthias Ketzel
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Zorana J Andersen
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Youn-Hee Lim
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Patel SA, Kondratov RV. Clock at the Core of Cancer Development. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:150. [PMID: 33672910 PMCID: PMC7918730 DOI: 10.3390/biology10020150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
To synchronize various biological processes with the day and night cycle, most organisms have developed circadian clocks. This evolutionarily conserved system is important in the temporal regulation of behavior, physiology and metabolism. Multiple pathological changes associated with circadian disruption support the importance of the clocks in mammals. Emerging links have revealed interplay between circadian clocks and signaling networks in cancer. Understanding the cross-talk between the circadian clock and tumorigenesis is imperative for its prevention, management and development of effective treatment options. In this review, we summarize the role of the circadian clock in regulation of one important metabolic pathway, insulin/IGF1/PI3K/mTOR signaling, and how dysregulation of this metabolic pathway could lead to uncontrolled cancer cell proliferation and growth. Targeting the circadian clock and rhythms either with recently discovered pharmaceutical agents or through environmental cues is a new direction in cancer chronotherapy. Combining the circadian approach with traditional methods, such as radiation, chemotherapy or the recently developed, immunotherapy, may improve tumor response, while simultaneously minimizing the adverse effects commonly associated with cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonal A. Patel
- Fusion Pharmaceuticals Inc., Hamilton, ON L8P 0A6, Canada;
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH 44115, USA
| | - Roman V. Kondratov
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH 44115, USA
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Zhang D, Jones RR, James P, Kitahara CM, Xiao Q. Associations between artificial light at night and risk for thyroid cancer: A large US cohort study. Cancer 2021; 127:1448-1458. [PMID: 33554351 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.33392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Light at night (LAN) inhibits nighttime secretion of melatonin and may cause circadian disruption, which may be a risk factor for cancer. Recent studies have linked high LAN exposure with elevated breast cancer risk. Given that breast cancer may share a common hormone-dependent etiology with thyroid cancer and that circadian rhythms play a role in regulating thyroid function, the authors hypothesized that exposure to LAN is positively associated with thyroid cancer incidence. METHODS This study examined the association between LAN and thyroid cancer incidence in the National Institutes of Health-American Association of Retired Persons Diet and Health Study. LAN exposure was estimated from satellite data and was linked to residential addresses at the baseline. Incident thyroid cancer cases were ascertained via linkage to state cancer registries. Cox regression was used to determine the relationship between LAN and thyroid cancer risk, with adjustments made for sociodemographic, lifestyle, and other environmental factors. RESULTS Among 464,371 participants, a positive association was found between LAN and thyroid cancer risk. Specifically, in comparison with the lowest quintile of LAN, the highest quintile was associated with a 55% increase in risk (hazard ratio [HR], 1.55; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.18-2.02). The association was primarily driven by papillary thyroid cancer and was stronger in women (HR, 1.81; 95% CI, 1.26-2.60) than men (HR, 1.29; 95% CI, 0.86-1.94). In women, the association was stronger for localized cancer, whereas in men, the association was stronger for a more advanced stage. Results were consistent across different tumor sizes. CONCLUSIONS LAN was positively associated with thyroid cancer risk. Future studies are needed to confirm this association and identify underlying biological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Zhang
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Rena R Jones
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Peter James
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Cari M Kitahara
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Qian Xiao
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
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Exposure to artificial light at night and risk of cancer: where do we go from here? Br J Cancer 2021; 124:1467-1468. [PMID: 33483586 PMCID: PMC8076311 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-020-01231-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite experimental and mechanistic data suggesting circadian disruption’s role in carcinogenesis, mixed findings from epidemiological investigations of artificial light at night and cancer risk in the general population are difficult to interpret due to exposure assessment limitations. It will be important for future studies to assess and validate individual-level exposures, ideally over the lifetime.
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Wu Y, Gui SY, Fang Y, Zhang M, Hu CY. Exposure to outdoor light at night and risk of breast cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 269:116114. [PMID: 33280921 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Recent epidemiological studies have explored effects of light at night (LAN) exposure on breast cancer, but reported inconsistent findings. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of available evidence regarding the association of LAN assessed by satellite data with breast cancer. We conducted a systematic PubMed, Web of Science, and EMBASE database literature search until August 2020. Random-effects meta-analysis was applied to synthesis risk estimates. Heterogeneity was measured using statistics of Cochran's Q, I2, and Tau2 (τ2). We assessed publication bias through funnel plot and Egger's test. Moreover, subgroup analyses according to study design and menopausal status were performed. Risk of bias (RoB) of each included study was assessed using a domain-based RoB assessment tool. The confidence in the body of evidence was appraised using the GRADE approach for level-of-evidence translation. A total of 1157 studies were identified referring to LAN and breast cancer, from which 6 were included for quantitative synthesis. We found a significantly higher odds of breast cancer in the highest versus the lowest category of LAN exposure (OR = 1.11, 95% CI: 1.06, 1.16; I2 = 0.0%). In the subgroup analyses stratified by menopausal status and study design, significant association was found in postmenopausal women (OR = 1.07, 95% CI = 1.00, 1.13) and cohort studies (OR = 1.11, 95% CI = 1.05, 1.18), while the summary estimates of premenopausal women and case-control studies showed no significance. The level of evidence for the association of LAN exposure and breast cancer risk was graded as "moderate" with "probably low" RoB according to the NTP/OHAT framework. In conclusion, this study suggests a link of LAN exposure with risk of breast cancer. Further high-quality prospective studies, especially performed in low-to middle-income countries with improvement in the area of LAN exposure assessment are needed to advance this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wu
- Oncology Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 218 Jixi Road, Hefei 230022, China; The Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine Cancer Center of Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Si-Yu Gui
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Yuan Fang
- Department of Public health, Erasmus University Medical Center, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mei Zhang
- Oncology Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 218 Jixi Road, Hefei 230022, China; The Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine Cancer Center of Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Cheng-Yang Hu
- Department of Humanistic Medicine, School of Humanistic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China.
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Walker WH, Bumgarner JR, Walton JC, Liu JA, Meléndez-Fernández OH, Nelson RJ, DeVries AC. Light Pollution and Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9360. [PMID: 33302582 PMCID: PMC7764771 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
For many individuals in industrialized nations, the widespread adoption of electric lighting has dramatically affected the circadian organization of physiology and behavior. Although initially assumed to be innocuous, exposure to artificial light at night (ALAN) is associated with several disorders, including increased incidence of cancer, metabolic disorders, and mood disorders. Within this review, we present a brief overview of the molecular circadian clock system and the importance of maintaining fidelity to bright days and dark nights. We describe the interrelation between core clock genes and the cell cycle, as well as the contribution of clock genes to oncogenesis. Next, we review the clinical implications of disrupted circadian rhythms on cancer, followed by a section on the foundational science literature on the effects of light at night and cancer. Finally, we provide some strategies for mitigation of disrupted circadian rhythms to improve health.
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Affiliation(s)
- William H. Walker
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; (J.R.B.); (J.C.W.); (J.A.L.); (O.H.M.-F.); (R.J.N.); (A.C.D.)
| | - Jacob R. Bumgarner
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; (J.R.B.); (J.C.W.); (J.A.L.); (O.H.M.-F.); (R.J.N.); (A.C.D.)
| | - James C. Walton
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; (J.R.B.); (J.C.W.); (J.A.L.); (O.H.M.-F.); (R.J.N.); (A.C.D.)
| | - Jennifer A. Liu
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; (J.R.B.); (J.C.W.); (J.A.L.); (O.H.M.-F.); (R.J.N.); (A.C.D.)
| | - O. Hecmarie Meléndez-Fernández
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; (J.R.B.); (J.C.W.); (J.A.L.); (O.H.M.-F.); (R.J.N.); (A.C.D.)
| | - Randy J. Nelson
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; (J.R.B.); (J.C.W.); (J.A.L.); (O.H.M.-F.); (R.J.N.); (A.C.D.)
| | - A. Courtney DeVries
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; (J.R.B.); (J.C.W.); (J.A.L.); (O.H.M.-F.); (R.J.N.); (A.C.D.)
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology/Hematology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
- West Virginia University Cancer Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
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Paksarian D, Rudolph KE, Stapp EK, Dunster GP, He J, Mennitt D, Hattar S, Casey JA, James P, Merikangas KR. Association of Outdoor Artificial Light at Night With Mental Disorders and Sleep Patterns Among US Adolescents. JAMA Psychiatry 2020; 77:1266-1275. [PMID: 32639562 PMCID: PMC7344797 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2020.1935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Indoor nighttime light exposure influences sleep and circadian rhythms and is known to affect mood-associated brain circuits in animals. However, little is known about the association between levels of nighttime outdoor light and sleep and mental health in the population, especially among adolescents. OBJECTIVE To estimate associations of outdoor artificial light at night (ALAN) with sleep patterns and past-year mental disorder among US adolescents. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This population-based, cross-sectional study of US adolescents used the National Comorbidity Survey-Adolescent Supplement, a nationally representative cross-sectional survey conducted from February 2001 through January 2004. A probability sample of adolescents aged 13 to 18 years was included. Analyses were conducted between February 2019 and April 2020. EXPOSURES Levels of outdoor ALAN, measured by satellite, with means calculated within census block groups. ALAN values were transformed into units of radiance (nW/cm2/sr). MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Self-reported habitual sleep patterns (weeknight bedtime, weeknight sleep duration, weekend bedtime delay, and weekend oversleep) and past-year mood, anxiety, behavior, and substance use disorders, measured via an in-person structured diagnostic interview. Parent-reported information was included in behavior disorder diagnoses. RESULTS Among 10 123 adolescents (4953 boys [51.3%]; mean [SE] age, 15.2 [0.06] years [weighted]; 6483 for behavior disorder outcomes), ALAN was positively associated with indicators of social disadvantage, such as racial/ethnic minority status (median [IQR] ALAN: white adolescents, 12.96 [30.51] nW/cm2/sr; Hispanic adolescents: 38.54 [47.84] nW/cm2/sr; non-Hispanic black adolescents: 37.39 [51.88] nW/cm2/sr; adolescents of other races/ethnicities: 30.94 [49.93] nW/cm2/sr; P < .001) and lower family income (median [IQR] ALAN by family income-to-poverty ratio ≤1.5: 26.76 [52.48] nW/cm2/sr; >6: 21.46 [34.38] nW/cm2/sr; P = .005). After adjustment for several sociodemographic characteristics, as well as area-level population density and socioeconomic status, this study found that higher ALAN levels were associated with later weeknight bedtime, and those in the lowest quartile of ALAN reported the longest weeknight sleep duration. Those in the highest quartile of ALAN went to bed 29 (95% CI, 15-43) minutes later and reported 11 (95% CI, 19-2) fewer minutes of sleep than those in the lowest quartile. ALAN was also positively associated with prevalence of past-year mood and anxiety disorder: each median absolute deviation increase in ALAN was associated with 1.07 (95% CI, 1.00-1.14) times the odds of mood disorder and 1.10 (95% CI, 1.05-1.16) times the odds of anxiety disorder. Further analyses revealed associations with bipolar disorder (odds ratio [OR], 1.19 [95% CI, 1.05-1.35]), specific phobias (OR, 1.18 [95% CI, 1.11-1.26]), and major depressive disorder or dysthymia (OR, 1.07 [95% CI, 1.00-1.15]). Among adolescent girls, differences in weeknight bedtime by ALAN (third and fourth quartiles vs first quartile) were greater with increasing years since menarche (F3, 8.15; P < .001). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this study, area-level outdoor ALAN was associated with less favorable sleep patterns and mood and anxiety disorder in adolescents. Future studies should elucidate whether interventions to reduce exposure to ALAN may positively affect mental and sleep health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Paksarian
- Genetic Epidemiology Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Kara E. Rudolph
- Mailman School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Emma K. Stapp
- Genetic Epidemiology Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Gideon P. Dunster
- Genetic Epidemiology Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jianping He
- Genetic Epidemiology Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Daniel Mennitt
- Mechanical Engineering Practice, Exponent, Denver, Colorado
| | - Samer Hattar
- Section on Light and Circadian Rhythms, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Joan A. Casey
- Mailman School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Peter James
- Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse (CoRAL), Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Maryland,Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Maryland
| | - Kathleen R. Merikangas
- Genetic Epidemiology Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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