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Hamed Riveros NF, García-Corredor L, Martínez-Solarte MA, González-Clavijo A. Effect of Bifidobacterium Intake on Body Weight and Body Fat in Overweight and Obese Adult Subjects: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN NUTRITION ASSOCIATION 2024; 43:519-531. [PMID: 38498828 DOI: 10.1080/27697061.2024.2320192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
This systematic review aimed to assess the impact of Bifidobacterium genus probiotics on body weight and body composition parameters in overweight and obese individuals. A systematic search for randomized controlled trials was conducted in MEDLINE, EMBASE, LILACS, and Google Scholar databases until April 17, 2023. The inclusion criteria required the trials to involve Bifidobacterium genus probiotics interventions and the evaluation of obesity-related anthropometric and body composition outcomes in overweight or obese subjects. Studies were excluded when involving obese individuals with genetic syndromes or pregnant women, as well as probiotic mixture interventions. The revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials was utilized to assess the quality of the included studies. A random-effects meta-analysis was performed using the mean difference between endpoint measurements and change from baseline for body mass index, body weight, body fat mass, body fat percentage, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, and visceral fat area. From 1,527 retrieved reports, 11 studies (911 subjects) were included in this review. Bifidobacterium probiotics administration resulted in significant reductions in body fat mass (MD = -0.64 kg, 95% CI: -1.09, -0.18, p = 0.006), body fat percentage (MD = -0.64%, 95% CI: -1.18, -0.11, p = 0.02), waist circumference (MD = -1.39 cm, 95% CI: -1.99, -0.79, p < 0.00001), and visceral fat area (MD = -4.38 cm2, 95% CI: -7.24, -1.52, p = 0.003). No significant differences were observed for body mass index, body weight, or waist-to-hip ratio. This systematic review suggests that Bifidobacterium genus probiotics may contribute to managing overweight and obesity by reducing body fat mass, body fat percentage, waist circumference, and visceral fat area. Further research is required to understand strain and species interactions, optimal dosages, and effective delivery methods for probiotics in obesity management. This review was pre-registered under the PROSPERO record CRD42022370057.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lady García-Corredor
- Departamento de Ciencias Fisiológicas, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
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Lee M, Bok MK, Son K, Lee M, Park H, Yang J, Lim H. Bifidobacterium lactis IDCC 4301 ( B. lactis Fit™) supplementation effects on body fat, serum triglyceride, and adipokine ratio in obese women: a randomized clinical trial. Food Funct 2024. [PMID: 39051504 DOI: 10.1039/d4fo00535j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Obesity is a common metabolic disease characterized by abnormal fat accumulation. It contributes to health issues, such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and dyslipidemia, necessitating continuous management through diet and physical activity. Probiotics, particularly Bifidobacterium lactis IDCC 4301 (B. lactis Fit™), have shown promise in positively regulating the gut microbiota. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the anti-obesity effect of B. lactis IDCC 4301 (B. lactis Fit™) in obese women. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-arm study was performed in 99 volunteers with a body mass index (BMI) of 25-30 kg m-2. The participants were randomly assigned to probiotics (n = 49, >5.0 × 109 CFU day-1) or placebo (n = 50) groups. Body fat, lipid profiles, and adipokine levels were assessed at baseline and at 12 weeks. After 12 weeks, changes in total fat (placebo -0.16 ± 0.83 kg; probiotics -0.45 ± 0.83 kg; p = 0.0407), trunk fat (placebo -0.03 ± 0.50 kg; probiotics -0.22 ± 0.51 kg; p = 0.0200), and serum triglyceride concentration (placebo 13 ± 60 mg dL-1; probiotics -15 ± 62 mg dL-1; p = 0.0088) were significantly different between the groups. The difference in total fat mass change between groups among postmenopausal women was greater than that of all women. A significant positive correlation was found between the change in total fat mass and log leptin/adiponectin ratio (R = 0.371, p = 0.0112) in the probiotics group. In addition, BMI (26.6 ± 1.9 kg m-2 to 26.4 ± 2.0 kg m-2, p = 0.0009) and leg fat (42 ± 5% to 41 ± 5%, p = 0.0006) significantly decreased in the probiotics group after 12 weeks, but there was no difference in the placebo group. In conclusion, B. lactis IDCC 4301 (B. lactis Fit™) may be associated with body fat loss through changes in metabolic health parameters, such as serum triglyceride and adipokine levels. The clinical trial registry number is KCT0007425 (https://cris.nih.go.kr).
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Affiliation(s)
- Miji Lee
- Department of Medical Nutrition, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, South Korea.
- Research Institute of Medical Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, South Korea
| | - Min Kyung Bok
- Department of Medical Nutrition, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, South Korea.
- Research Institute of Medical Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, South Korea
| | - Kumhee Son
- Department of Medical Nutrition, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, South Korea.
- Research Institute of Medical Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, South Korea
| | - Minjee Lee
- Ildong Bioscience, Pyeongtaek-si, Gyeonggi-do 17957, South Korea
| | - HyunMin Park
- Ildong Bioscience, Pyeongtaek-si, Gyeonggi-do 17957, South Korea
| | - Jungwoo Yang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjung Lim
- Department of Medical Nutrition, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, South Korea.
- Research Institute of Medical Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, South Korea
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Baba Y, Azuma N, Saito Y, Takahashi K, Matsui R, Takara T. Effect of Intake of Bifidobacteria and Dietary Fiber on Resting Energy Expenditure: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind, Parallel-Group Comparison Study. Nutrients 2024; 16:2345. [PMID: 39064788 PMCID: PMC11279889 DOI: 10.3390/nu16142345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis GCL2505 in combination with inulin has been shown to have several health benefits, including an improvement in the intestinal microbiota and a reduction in human visceral fat. Previous studies have suggested that the visceral fat reduction of GCL2505 and inulin may be achieved by improving daily energy expenditure. This parallel, placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind study was conducted to evaluate the effects of GCL2505 and inulin on resting energy expenditure (REE) in overweight or mildly obese Japanese adults (n = 44). Participants ingested 1 × 1010 colony forming units of GCL2505 and 5.0 g of inulin daily for 4 weeks. REE score at week 4 was set as the primary endpoint. At week 4, the REE score of the GCL2505 and inulin group was significantly higher than that of the placebo group, with a difference of 84.4 kcal/day. In addition, fecal bifidobacteria counts were significantly increased in the GCL2505 and inulin group. Our results indicated that the intake of GCL2505 and inulin improves energy balance, which is known to be a major factor of obesity, by modulating the microbiota in the gut. This is the first report to demonstrate the effects of probiotics and dietary fiber on REE in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhei Baba
- Dairy Business Division, Ezaki Glico Co., Ltd., 4-6-5 Utajima, Nishiyodogawa-ku, Osaka 555-8502, Japan
| | - Naoki Azuma
- R&D Laboratory, Ezaki Glico Co., Ltd., 4-6-5 Utajima, Nishiyodogawa-ku, Osaka 555-8502, Japan; (N.A.); (Y.S.); (K.T.); (R.M.)
| | - Yasuo Saito
- R&D Laboratory, Ezaki Glico Co., Ltd., 4-6-5 Utajima, Nishiyodogawa-ku, Osaka 555-8502, Japan; (N.A.); (Y.S.); (K.T.); (R.M.)
| | - Kazuma Takahashi
- R&D Laboratory, Ezaki Glico Co., Ltd., 4-6-5 Utajima, Nishiyodogawa-ku, Osaka 555-8502, Japan; (N.A.); (Y.S.); (K.T.); (R.M.)
| | - Risa Matsui
- R&D Laboratory, Ezaki Glico Co., Ltd., 4-6-5 Utajima, Nishiyodogawa-ku, Osaka 555-8502, Japan; (N.A.); (Y.S.); (K.T.); (R.M.)
| | - Tsuyoshi Takara
- Medical Corporation Seishinkai Takara Clinic, 9F Taisei Bldg., 2-3-2 Higashi-gotanda, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-0022, Japan;
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Azuma N, Saito Y, Nishijima T, Aoki R, Nishihira J. Effect of daily ingestion of Bifidobacterium and dietary fiber on vascular endothelial function: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group comparison study. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2023; 88:86-96. [PMID: 37849220 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbad148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis GCL2505 (GCL2505) improves the intestinal microbiota and reduces human visceral fat. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study was conducted to examine the effects of inulin, a prebiotic dietary fiber, and GCL2505 on vascular endothelial function in healthy subjects (n = 60). The test drink contained 2.0 g/100 g inulin and 1.0 × 1010 colony-forming units/100 g GCL2505 and was consumed daily for 12 weeks. Flow-mediated dilation was set as the primary endpoint. Subgroup analysis of vascular endothelial function demonstrated a significant increase in the change of flow-mediated dilation (%) from weeks 0 to 12 in the GCL2505 and inulin group (n = 24) compared with the placebo group (n = 23), while an improving trend in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 were confirmed. Our results indicated that the test drink had a positive effect on vascular endothelial function and related blood parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Azuma
- R&D Laboratory, Ezaki Glico Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuo Saito
- R&D Laboratory, Ezaki Glico Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Nishijima
- Mechanism-based Research Laboratory, Ezaki Glico Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryo Aoki
- Mechanism-based Research Laboratory, Ezaki Glico Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Jun Nishihira
- Department of Medical Management and Informatics, Hokkaido Information University, Hokkaido, Japan
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Baba Y, Saito Y, Kadowaki M, Azuma N, Tsuge D. Effect of Continuous Ingestion of Bifidobacteria and Inulin on Reducing Body Fat: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel-Group Comparison Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:5025. [PMID: 38140284 PMCID: PMC10745352 DOI: 10.3390/nu15245025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis GCL2505 has been shown to have several positive health effects, including improved defecation frequency and reduced visceral fat. It is known that combined intake of GCL2505 and inulin increases the total number of bifidobacteria compared with ingestion of GCL2505 alone. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study was conducted to confirm that consumption of GCL2505 and inulin reduces abdominal fat (n = 120). Participants consumed a test beverage containing 1 × 1010 colony-forming units of GCL2505 per 100 g and 2.0 g of inulin per 100 g for 12 weeks. A change in the visceral fat area (VFA) was set as the primary endpoint. There were significant reductions in VFA and total fat area. The intervention significantly increased the total number of bifidobacteria and affected the levels of several lipid markers. Regression analysis of bifidobacteria and measured parameters showed that total bifidobacteria correlated with VFA and body mass index (BMI), while endogenous bifidobacteria and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis correlated only with BMI, suggesting that increases in both contributed to the decrease in VFA. These results suggest that combined intake of GCL2505 and inulin improves the intestinal environment and reduces abdominal fat in association with the SCFA-mediated pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhei Baba
- Dairy Business Division, Ezaki Glico Co., Ltd., 4-6-5 Utajima, Nishiyodogawa-Ku, Osaka 555-8502, Japan
| | - Yasuo Saito
- R&D Laboratory, Ezaki Glico Co., Ltd., 4-6-5 Utajima, Nishiyodogawa-Ku, Osaka 555-8502, Japan; (Y.S.); (M.K.); (N.A.)
| | - Mei Kadowaki
- R&D Laboratory, Ezaki Glico Co., Ltd., 4-6-5 Utajima, Nishiyodogawa-Ku, Osaka 555-8502, Japan; (Y.S.); (M.K.); (N.A.)
| | - Naoki Azuma
- R&D Laboratory, Ezaki Glico Co., Ltd., 4-6-5 Utajima, Nishiyodogawa-Ku, Osaka 555-8502, Japan; (Y.S.); (M.K.); (N.A.)
| | - Daisuke Tsuge
- Shinagawa Season Terrace Health Care Clinic, Shinagawa Season Terrace (5F), 1-2-70 Konan, Minato-Ku, Tokyo 108-0075, Japan;
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Azuma N, Mawatari T, Saito Y, Tsukamoto M, Sampei M, Iwama Y. Effect of Continuous Ingestion of Bifidobacteria and Dietary Fiber on Improvement in Cognitive Function: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2023; 15:4175. [PMID: 37836458 PMCID: PMC10574581 DOI: 10.3390/nu15194175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis GCL2505 has been shown to have some positive effects on health, including improved defecation frequency and reduced visceral fat. These effects are thought to be due to GCL2505's unique ability to reach the intestine in a viable form and proliferate after a single intake. This leads to an increased number of intestinal bifidobacteria. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study was conducted to confirm that intake of GCL2505 and inulin (a prebiotic) improve cognitive function (n = 80). Participants consumed test drinks containing 1 × 1010 colony-forming units of GCL2505 per 100 g and 2.0 g of inulin per 100 g for 12 weeks. The change in cognitive function assessment scores was set as the primary endpoint. There were significant improvements in scores in the neurocognitive index domain, which is an assessment of overall cognitive function, in addition to overall attention, cognitive flexibility, and executive function domains. The intervention significantly increased the number of fecal bifidobacteria and affected the levels of several inflammatory markers. These results suggest that intake of GCL2505 and inulin improves cognitive function by improving the intestinal environment and alleviating inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Azuma
- R&D Laboratory, Ezaki Glico Co., Ltd., 4-6-5, Utajima, Nishiyodogawa-Ku, Osaka 555-8502, Japan; (T.M.); (Y.S.); (M.T.); (M.S.)
| | - Takashi Mawatari
- R&D Laboratory, Ezaki Glico Co., Ltd., 4-6-5, Utajima, Nishiyodogawa-Ku, Osaka 555-8502, Japan; (T.M.); (Y.S.); (M.T.); (M.S.)
| | - Yasuo Saito
- R&D Laboratory, Ezaki Glico Co., Ltd., 4-6-5, Utajima, Nishiyodogawa-Ku, Osaka 555-8502, Japan; (T.M.); (Y.S.); (M.T.); (M.S.)
| | - Masashi Tsukamoto
- R&D Laboratory, Ezaki Glico Co., Ltd., 4-6-5, Utajima, Nishiyodogawa-Ku, Osaka 555-8502, Japan; (T.M.); (Y.S.); (M.T.); (M.S.)
| | - Masatoshi Sampei
- R&D Laboratory, Ezaki Glico Co., Ltd., 4-6-5, Utajima, Nishiyodogawa-Ku, Osaka 555-8502, Japan; (T.M.); (Y.S.); (M.T.); (M.S.)
| | - Yoshitaka Iwama
- Nihonbashi Cardiology Clinic, Kyodo Bldg. #201, 13-4 Nihonbashi Kodenmacho, Chuo-Ku, Tokyo 103-0001, Japan;
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Yu DY, Oh SH, Kim IS, Kim GI, Kim JA, Moon YS, Jang JC, Lee SS, Jung JH, Park HC, Cho KK. Effects of lactic acid bacteria fermented feed and three types of lactic acid bacteria (L. plantarum, L. acidophilus, B. animalis) on intestinal microbiota and T cell polarization (Th1, Th2, Th17, Treg) in the intestinal lymph nodes and spleens of rats. Anim Biosci 2023; 36:156-166. [PMID: 36397706 PMCID: PMC9834648 DOI: 10.5713/ab.22.0301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this study, we investigated the effects of Rubus coreanus-derived lactic acid bacteria (LAB) fermented feed (RC-LAB fermented feed) and three types of LAB (Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium animalis) on the expression of transcription factors and cytokines in Th1, Th2, Th17, and Treg cells in the intestinal lymph nodes and spleens of rats. In addition, the effect on intestinal microbiota composition and body weight was investigated. METHODS Five-week-old male rats were assigned to five treatments and eight replicates. The expression of transcription factors and cytokines of Th1, Th2, Th17, and Treg cells in the intestinal lymph nodes and spleens was analyzed using real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction assays. Intestinal tract microbiota compositions were analyzed by next-generation sequencing and quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays. RESULTS RC-LAB fermented feed and three types of LAB increased the expression of transcription factors and cytokines in Th1, Treg cells and Galectin-9, but decreased in Th2 and Th17 cells. In addition, the intestinal microbiota composition changed, the body weight and Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio decreased, and the relative abundance of LAB increased. CONCLUSION LAB fermented feed and three types of LAB showed an immune modulation effect by inducing T cell polarization and increased LAB in the intestinal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Yoon Yu
- Division of Animal Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52725,
Korea
| | - Sang-Hyon Oh
- Division of Animal Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52725,
Korea
| | - In Sung Kim
- Division of Animal Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52725,
Korea
| | - Gwang Il Kim
- Division of Animal Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52725,
Korea
| | - Jeong A Kim
- Division of Animal Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52725,
Korea
| | - Yang Soo Moon
- Division of Animal Bioscience & Integrated Biotechnology, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52725,
Korea
| | - Jae Cheol Jang
- Division of Animal Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52725,
Korea
| | - Sang Suk Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Sunchon 57922,
Korea
| | | | | | - Kwang Keun Cho
- Division of Animal Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52725,
Korea,Corresponding Author: Kwang Keun Cho, Tel: +82-55-772-3286, Fax: +82-55-772-3689, E-mail:
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Sung HK, Youn SJ, Choi Y, Eun SW, Shin SM. Body Fat Reduction Effect of Bifidobacterium breve B-3: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo Comparative Clinical Trial. Nutrients 2022; 15:nu15010028. [PMID: 36615686 PMCID: PMC9824586 DOI: 10.3390/nu15010028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This double-blind, randomized clinical trial aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Bifidobacterium breve B-3 (BB-3) for reducing body fat. Healthy individuals were randomized into the BB-3 or placebo group (1:1). Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was used to evaluate body fat reduction objectively. In the BB-3 group, body weight was lower than before BB-3 ingestion. Regarding waist circumference, hip circumference, and waist/hip circumference ratio, waist circumference and hip circumference were lower in the BB-3 group than in the placebo group at 12 weeks; the waist/hip circumference ratio was found to decrease at each visit in the BB-3 group, although there was no significant difference in the amount of change after 12 weeks. BB-3 did not cause any severe adverse reactions. Body fat was significantly lower in the BB-3 group than in the placebo group. In conclusion, ingesting BB-3 significantly reduces body weight, waist circumference, and hip circumference. Thus, BB-3 is safe and effective for reducing body fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Kyung Sung
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Korean Medicine, Semyung University, Jecheon 27136, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Yong Choi
- RnBS Corp., Seoul 06032, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Won Eun
- Daehan Chemtech Co., Ltd., Seoul 01811, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon Mi Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Semyung University, Jecheon 27136, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-43-649-1873
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Porchia LM, Vazquez-Marroquin G, Ochoa-Précoma R, Pérez-Fuentes R, Gonzalez-Mejia ME. Probiotics' effect on visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Eur J Clin Nutr 2022; 76:1646-1656. [PMID: 35418606 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-022-01135-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Probiotics are shown to alter the microbiota, leading to a favorable environment, in which weight loss and metabolic parameters are improve. However, the results on probiotics' effect on specific types of central adipose tissues, mainly visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), are conflicting. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review, aimed to evaluate the effects of probiotics on VAT and SAT. PubMed, SCOPUS, EBSCO, and LILACS databases were searched for studies that investigated the effect of probiotics on VAT and SAT. Fixed effects were used to calculate the pooled difference in means (DM) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). Fourteen publications met the inclusion criteria, which consisted of 1523 participants. For VAT, overall, there was a significant decrease (DM = -3.63 cm2, 95% CI: -5.08 to -2.17, p < 0.001). When stratified by type of probiotic, single Bifidobacterium (DM = -4.49 cm2, 95% CI:-7.37 to -1.61, p = 0.002) and single Lactobacillus probiotics (DM = -3.84 cm2, 95% CI:-5.74 to -1.93, p < 0.001) resulted in significant reductions. Mixed probiotics had no effect. For SAT, overall, there was a significant decrease (DM = -2.91 cm2, 95% CI:-4.82 to -1.01, p = 0.003), and when stratified by type of probiotic, single Lactobacillus (DM = -3.39 cm2, 95% CI:-5.90 to -0.88, p = 0.008) and mixed probiotics (DM = -5.97 cm2, 95% CI:-10.32 to -1.62, p = 0.007) resulted in a significant decrease. Single Bifidobacterium probiotics had no effect. Using meta-regression, no association was observed between the total daily probiotic dose and VAT or SAT reduction. This study shows that probiotics have a beneficial effect on central adiposity. Single Lactobacillus-based probiotics reduced VAT and SAT, whereas Bifidobacterium-based probiotics reduce VAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo M Porchia
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatología en Enfermedades Crónicas, Centro de investigación Biomédica de Oriente, IMSS. Delegación Puebla, Carretera Federal Atlixco Metepec Km. 4.5, Colonia Centro, C.P, 74360, Atlixco, Puebla, México
| | - Gabriela Vazquez-Marroquin
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Carretera Federal Tlaxcala, Puebla. S/N; Km. 1.5, Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, 90062, Mexico
| | - Renata Ochoa-Précoma
- Facultad de Medicina, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla. Calle 13 Sur 2901, Colonia Volcanes, C.P. 72420, Puebla, Puebla, México
| | - Ricardo Pérez-Fuentes
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatología en Enfermedades Crónicas, Centro de investigación Biomédica de Oriente, IMSS. Delegación Puebla, Carretera Federal Atlixco Metepec Km. 4.5, Colonia Centro, C.P, 74360, Atlixco, Puebla, México
- Facultad de Medicina, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla. Calle 13 Sur 2901, Colonia Volcanes, C.P. 72420, Puebla, Puebla, México
| | - M Elba Gonzalez-Mejia
- Facultad de Medicina, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla. Calle 13 Sur 2901, Colonia Volcanes, C.P. 72420, Puebla, Puebla, México.
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De Siena M, Raoul P, Costantini L, Scarpellini E, Cintoni M, Gasbarrini A, Rinninella E, Mele MC. Food Emulsifiers and Metabolic Syndrome: The Role of the Gut Microbiota. Foods 2022; 11:foods11152205. [PMID: 35892789 PMCID: PMC9331555 DOI: 10.3390/foods11152205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of emulsifiers in processed foods and the rapid epidemic development of metabolic syndrome in Western countries over the past 20 years have generated growing interest. Evidence for the role of emulsifiers in metabolic syndrome through gut microbiota has not been clearly established, thus making it challenging for clinical nutritionists and dietitians to make evidence-based associations between the nature and the quantity of emulsifiers and metabolic disorders. This narrative review summarizes the highest quality clinical evidence currently available about the impact of food emulsifiers on gut microbiota composition and functions and the potential development of metabolic syndrome. The state-of-the-art of the different common emulsifiers is performed, highlighting where they are present in daily foods and their roles. Recent findings of in vitro, in vivo, and human studies assessing the effect of different emulsifiers on gut microbiota have been recently published. There is some progress in understanding how some food emulsifiers could contribute to developing metabolic diseases through gut microbiota alterations while others could have prebiotic effects. However, there are still many unanswered questions regarding daily consumption amounts and the synergic effects between emulsifiers’ intake and responses by the microbial signatures of each individual.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina De Siena
- UOC di Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (M.D.S.); (A.G.)
| | - Pauline Raoul
- UOC di Nutrizione Clinica, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (P.R.); (M.C.); (M.C.M.)
| | - Lara Costantini
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences (DEB), Tuscia University, 01100 Viterbo, Italy;
| | - Emidio Scarpellini
- Nutrition and Internal Medicine Unit, “Madonna del Soccorso” General Hospital, 63074 San Benedetto del Tronto, Italy;
- T.A.R.G.I.D., Gasthuisberg University Hospital, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Lueven, Belgium
| | - Marco Cintoni
- UOC di Nutrizione Clinica, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (P.R.); (M.C.); (M.C.M.)
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- UOC di Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (M.D.S.); (A.G.)
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuele Rinninella
- UOC di Nutrizione Clinica, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (P.R.); (M.C.); (M.C.M.)
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-06-3015-7386
| | - Maria Cristina Mele
- UOC di Nutrizione Clinica, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (P.R.); (M.C.); (M.C.M.)
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
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11
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Improving the Gut Microbiota with Probiotics and Faecal Microbiota Transplantation. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.15.3.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics are “live strains of strictly selected microorganisms which, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host”. After birth, our intestine is colonized by microbes like Escherichia coli, Clostridium spp., Streptococcus spp., Lactobacillus spp., Bacteroides spp., and Bifidobacterium spp. Our intestine is an extremely complex living system that participates in the protection of host through a strong defence against external aggregations. The microbial ecosystem of the intestine includes many native species of Bacteroides and Firmicutes that permanently colonize the gastrointestinal tract. The composition of flora changes over time depending upon diet and medical emergencies which leads to the diseased condition. Probiotics exert their mode of action by altering the local environment of the gut by competing with the pathogens, bacteriocins production, H2O2 production etc. Obesity is one of the major health problems and is considered as the most prevalent form of inappropriate nutrition. Probiotics like Lactobacillus Sp., Bifidobacterium Sp., Streptococcus Sp. are successfully used in the treatment of obesity proved in clinical trials. Faecal microbiota transplant (FMT), also known as a stool transplant, is the process of transplantation of Faecal bacteria from a healthy donor into a recipient’s gut to restore normal flora in the recipient. The therapeutic principle on which FMT works is microbes and their functions and metabolites produced by them which are used to treat a variety of diseases. The present review focuses on the role of gastrointestinal microbiome, probiotic selection criteria, their applications and FMT to treat diseases.
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12
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Pontes KSDS, Guedes MR, Cunha MRD, Mattos SDS, Barreto Silva MI, Neves MF, Marques BCAA, Klein MRST. Effects of probiotics on body adiposity and cardiovascular risk markers in individuals with overweight and obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Clin Nutr 2021; 40:4915-4931. [PMID: 34358838 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2021.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Evidence suggests that gut microbiota is a potential factor in the pathophysiology of both obesity and related metabolic disorders. While individual randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have evaluated the effects of probiotics on adiposity and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in subjects with overweight and obesity, the results are inconsistent. Thus, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effects of probiotic supplementation on body weight, body adiposity and CVD risk markers in overweight and obese subjects. METHODS A systematic search for RCTs published up to December 2020 was conducted in MEDLINE (via PubMed), EMBASE, Scopus and LILACS. Meta-analysis using a random-effects model was chosen to analyze the impact of combined trials. RESULTS Twenty-six RCTs (n = 1720) were included. Data pooling showed a significant effect of probiotics in reducing body weight (MD:-0.70 kg; 95%CI:-1.04,-0.35 kg; P < 0.0001), body mass index (BMI) (MD:-0.24 kg/m2; 95%CI:-0.35,-0.12 kg/m2; P = 0.0001), waist circumference (WC) (MD:-1.13 cm; 95%CI:-1.54,-0.73 cm; P < 0.0001), fat mass (MD:-0.71 kg; 95%CI:-1.10,-0.32 kg; P = 0.0004), tumor necrosis factor-α (MD:-0.16 pg/ml; 95%CI:-0.24,-0.08 pg/ml; P = 0.0001), insulin (MD:-0.85mcU/ml; 95%CI:-1.50,-0.21mcU/ml; P = 0.010), total cholesterol (MD:-0.16 mmol/l; 95%CI:-0.26,-0.05 mmol/l; P = 0.003) and LDL (MD:-0.09 mmol/l; 95%CI:-0.16,-0.03 mmol/l; P = 0.006) compared with control groups. There was a significant decrease in body weight, BMI and WC in studies using both single and multi-bacterial species. Decreases in body adiposity parameters were only observed in studies using a probiotic dose of ≥ 1010 CFU and for ≥8 weeks duration. CONCLUSIONS The present meta-analysis suggests that probiotics consumption may be helpful for improving body weight, body adiposity and some CVD risk markers in individuals with overweight and obesity. The review was registered on PROSPERO (International prospective register of systematic reviews): CRD42020183136.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Scanci da Silva Pontes
- Post-Graduation Program in Clinical and Experimental Pathophysiology, State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Av. Professor Manuel de Abreu, 444, Térreo - Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20550-170, Brazil.
| | - Marcella Rodrigues Guedes
- Post-Graduation Program in Clinical and Experimental Pathophysiology, State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Av. Professor Manuel de Abreu, 444, Térreo - Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20550-170, Brazil.
| | - Michelle Rabello da Cunha
- Department of Clinical Medicine, State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Av.Vinte e Oito de Setembro, 77 Sala 329, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20551-030, Brazil.
| | - Samanta de Souza Mattos
- Department of Clinical Medicine, State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Av.Vinte e Oito de Setembro, 77 Sala 329, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20551-030, Brazil.
| | - Maria Inês Barreto Silva
- Department of Applied Nutrition, Nutrition Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524 - Pavilhão João Lyra Filho, 12º Andar, Bloco D, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20559-900, Brazil; Department of Applied Nutrition, Nutrition School, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Av. Pasteur, 296, Botafogo, 3º Andar, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22290-250, Brazil.
| | - Mario Fritsch Neves
- Department of Clinical Medicine, State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Av.Vinte e Oito de Setembro, 77 Sala 329, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20551-030, Brazil.
| | - Bianca Cristina Antunes Alves Marques
- Department of Clinical Medicine, State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Av.Vinte e Oito de Setembro, 77 Sala 329, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20551-030, Brazil; Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, National Cancer Institute (INCA), Av. Binário do Porto, 831, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20081-250, Brazil.
| | - Márcia Regina Simas Torres Klein
- Department of Applied Nutrition, Nutrition Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524 - Pavilhão João Lyra Filho, 12º Andar, Bloco D, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20559-900, Brazil.
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13
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Abstract
Consumption of yogurt and other fermented products is associated with
improved health outcomes. Although dairy consumption is included in most
dietary guidelines, there have been few specific recommendations for yogurt
and cultured dairy products. A qualitative systematic review was conducted
to determine the effect of consumption of fermented milk products on
gastrointestinal and cardiovascular health, cancer risk, weight management,
diabetes and metabolic health, and bone density using PRISMA guidelines.
English language papers in PubMed were searched, with no date restrictions.
In total, 1057 abstracts were screened, of which 602 were excluded owing to
lack of appropriate controls, potential biases, and experimental design
issues. The remaining 455 papers were independently reviewed by both authors
and 108 studies were included in the final review. The authors met regularly
to concur, through consensus, on relevance, methods, findings, quality, and
conclusions. The included studies were published between 1979 and 2017. From
the 108 included studies, 76 reported a favorable outcome of fermented milks
on health and 67 of these were considered to be positive or neutral quality
according to the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics’ Quality
Criteria Checklist. Of the 32 remaining studies, the study outcomes were
either not significant (28) or unfavorable (4), and most studies (18) were
of neutral quality. A causal relationship exists between lactose digestion
and tolerance and yogurt consumption, and consistent associations exist
between fermented milk consumption and reduced risk of breast and colorectal
cancer and type 2 diabetes, improved weight maintenance, and improved
cardiovascular, bone, and gastrointestinal health. Further, an association
exists between prostate cancer occurrence and dairy product consumption in
general, with no difference between fermented and unfermented products. This
article argues that yogurt and other fermented milk products provide
favorable health outcomes beyond the milk from which these products are made
and that consumption of these products should be encouraged as part of
national dietary guidelines. Systematic review
registration: PROSPERO registration no.
CRD42017068953.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis A Savaiano
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Robert W Hutkins
- Department of Food Science and Technology, 258 Food Innovation Center, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
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14
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Goubet AG, Wheeler R, Fluckiger A, Qu B, Lemaître F, Iribarren K, Mondragón L, Tidjani Alou M, Pizzato E, Durand S, Derosa L, Aprahamian F, Bossut N, Moya-Nilges M, Derrien D, Chen G, Leduc M, Joseph A, Pons N, Le Chatelier E, Segata N, Yonekura S, Iebba V, Kepp O, Raoult D, André F, Kroemer G, Boneca IG, Zitvogel L, Daillère R. Multifaceted modes of action of the anticancer probiotic Enterococcus hirae. Cell Death Differ 2021; 28:2276-2295. [PMID: 33976389 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-021-00753-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A deviated repertoire of the gut microbiome predicts resistance to cancer immunotherapy. Enterococcus hirae compensated cancer-associated dysbiosis in various tumor models. However, the mechanisms by which E. hirae restored the efficacy of cyclophosphamide administered with concomitant antibiotics remain ill defined. Here, we analyzed the multifaceted modes of action of this anticancer probiotic. Firstly, E. hirae elicited emigration of thymocytes and triggered systemic and intratumoral IFNγ-producing and CD137-expressing effector memory T cell responses. Secondly, E. hirae activated the autophagy machinery in enterocytes and mediated ATG4B-dependent anticancer effects, likely as a consequence of its ability to increase local delivery of polyamines. Thirdly, E. hirae shifted the host microbiome toward a Bifidobacteria-enriched ecosystem. In contrast to the live bacterium, its pasteurized cells or membrane vesicles were devoid of anticancer properties. These pleiotropic functions allow the design of optimal immunotherapies combining E. hirae with CD137 agonistic antibodies, spermidine, or Bifidobacterium animalis. We surmise that immunological, metabolic, epithelial, and microbial modes of action of the live E. hirae cooperate to circumvent primary resistance to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Gaëlle Goubet
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), Villejuif, France.,Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1015, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Villejuif, France.,Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Richard Wheeler
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), Villejuif, France.,Institut Pasteur Paris, Unit Biology and Genetics of the Bacterial Cell Wall, CNRS UMR 2001, Paris, France
| | - Aurélie Fluckiger
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), Villejuif, France.,Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1015, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Villejuif, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Bo Qu
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), Villejuif, France.,Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1015, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Villejuif, France.,Department of Rheumatology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fabien Lemaître
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), Villejuif, France.,EverImmune, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif, France
| | - Kristina Iribarren
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), Villejuif, France.,EverImmune, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif, France
| | - Laura Mondragón
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France.,Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France.,Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Maryam Tidjani Alou
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), Villejuif, France.,Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1015, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Villejuif, France
| | - Eugénie Pizzato
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), Villejuif, France.,Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1015, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Villejuif, France
| | - Sylvère Durand
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Lisa Derosa
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), Villejuif, France.,Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1015, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Villejuif, France.,Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Fanny Aprahamian
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Noélie Bossut
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Diane Derrien
- Institut Pasteur Paris, Unit Biology and Genetics of the Bacterial Cell Wall, CNRS UMR 2001, Paris, France
| | - Guo Chen
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), Villejuif, France.,Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France.,Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France.,Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Marion Leduc
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), Villejuif, France.,Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France.,Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France.,Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Adrien Joseph
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France.,Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France.,Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Pons
- MetaGenoPolis, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | | | - Nicola Segata
- Department CIBIO, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Satoru Yonekura
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), Villejuif, France.,Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1015, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Villejuif, France
| | - Valerio Iebba
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), Villejuif, France.,Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1015, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Villejuif, France
| | - Oliver Kepp
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), Villejuif, France.,Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France.,Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France.,Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Didier Raoult
- Aix Marseille Université, IHU Méditerranée Infection, MEPHI, Marseille, France
| | - Fabrice André
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), Villejuif, France.,Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,Department of Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,INSERM, U981, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France.,Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France.,Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.,Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Suzhou Institute for Systems Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Suzhou, China
| | - Ivo Gomperts Boneca
- Institut Pasteur Paris, Unit Biology and Genetics of the Bacterial Cell Wall, CNRS UMR 2001, Paris, France
| | - Laurence Zitvogel
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), Villejuif, France. .,Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1015, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Villejuif, France. .,Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France. .,Center of Clinical Investigations BIOTHERIS, Villejuif, France.
| | - Romain Daillère
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), Villejuif, France. .,EverImmune, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif, France.
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15
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Ghadimi D, Nielsen A, Hassan MFY, Fölster-Holst R, Ebsen M, Frahm SO, Röcken C, de Vrese M, Heller KJ. Modulation of Proinflammatory Bacteria- and Lipid-Coupled Intracellular Signaling Pathways in a Transwell Triple Co-Culture Model by Commensal Bifidobacterium Animalis R101-8. Antiinflamm Antiallergy Agents Med Chem 2021; 20:161-181. [PMID: 33135616 DOI: 10.2174/1871523019999201029115618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Following a fat-rich diet, alterations in gut microbiota contribute to enhanced gut permeability, metabolic endotoxemia, and low grade inflammation-associated metabolic disorders. To better understand whether commensal bifidobacteria influence the expression of key metaflammation-related biomarkers (chemerin, MCP-1, PEDF) and modulate the pro-inflammatory bacteria- and lipid-coupled intracellular signaling pathways, we aimed at i) investigating the influence of the establishment of microbial signaling molecules-based cell-cell contacts on the involved intercellular communication between enterocytes, immune cells, and adipocytes, and ii) assessing their inflammatory mediators' expression profiles within an inflamed adipose tissue model. MATERIAL AND METHODS Bifidobacterium animalis R101-8 and Escherichia coli TG1, respectively, were added to the apical side of a triple co-culture model consisting of intestinal epithelial HT-29/B6 cell line, human monocyte-derived macrophage cells, and adipose-derived stem cell line in the absence or presence of LPS or palmitic acid. mRNA expression levels of key lipid metabolism genes HILPDA, MCP-1/CCL2, RARRES2, SCD, SFRP2 and TLR4 were determined using TaqMan qRT-PCR. Protein expression levels of cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α), key metaflammation-related biomarkers including adipokines (chemerin and PEDF), chemokine (MCP- 1) as well as cellular triglycerides were assessed by cell-based ELISA, while those of p-ERK, p-JNK, p-p38, NF-κB, p-IκBα, pc-Fos, pc-Jun, and TLR4 were assessed by Western blotting. RESULTS B. animalis R101-8 inhibited LPS- and palmitic acid-induced protein expression of inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α concomitant with decreases in chemerin, MCP-1, PEDF, and cellular triglycerides, and blocked NF-kB and AP-1 activation pathway through inhibition of p- IκBα, pc-Jun, and pc-Fos phosphorylation. B. animalis R101-8 downregulated mRNA and protein levels of HILPDA, MCP-1/CCL2, RARRES2, SCD and SFRP2 and TLR4 following exposure to LPS and palmitic acid. CONCLUSION B. animalis R101-8 improves biomarkers of metaflammation through at least two molecular/signaling mechanisms triggered by pro-inflammatory bacteria/lipids. First, B. animalis R101-8 modulates the coupled intracellular signaling pathways via metabolizing saturated fatty acids and reducing available bioactive palmitic acid. Second, it inhibits NF-kB's and AP-1's transcriptional activities, resulting in the reduction of pro-inflammatory markers. Thus, the molecular basis may be formed by which commensal bifidobacteria improve intrinsic cellular tolerance against excess pro-inflammatory lipids and participate in homeostatic regulation of metabolic processes in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darab Ghadimi
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Max Rubner-Institute, Hermann-Weigmann-Str 1, D-24103 Kiel, Germany
| | - Annegret Nielsen
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Max Rubner-Institute, Hermann-Weigmann-Str 1, D-24103 Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Regina Fölster-Holst
- Clinic of Dermatology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Schittenhelmstr. 7, D-24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Michael Ebsen
- Department of Pathology, Städtisches MVZ Kiel GmbH (Kiel City Hospital), Chemnitzstr.33, 24116 Kiel, Germany
| | - Sven Olaf Frahm
- Medizinisches Versorgungszentrum (MVZ), Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Dr. Rabenhorst, Prüner Gang 7, 24103 Kiel, Germany
| | - Christoph Röcken
- Institute of Pathology, Kiel University, University Hospital, Schleswig-Holstein, Arnold-Heller-Straße 3/14, D-24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Michael de Vrese
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Max Rubner-Institute, Hermann-Weigmann-Str 1, D-24103 Kiel, Germany
| | - Knut J Heller
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Max Rubner-Institute, Hermann-Weigmann-Str 1, D-24103 Kiel, Germany
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16
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Toshimitsu T, Gotou A, Sashihara T, Furuichi K, Hachimura S, Shioya N, Suzuki S, Asami Y. Ingesting Yogurt Containing Lactobacillus plantarum OLL2712 Reduces Abdominal Fat Accumulation and Chronic Inflammation in Overweight Adults in a Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial. Curr Dev Nutr 2021; 5:nzab006. [PMID: 33718754 PMCID: PMC7937491 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzab006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic inflammation and insulin resistance are factors that are related to obesity. We have suggested that the administration of heat-treated Lactobacillus plantarum OLL2712 (OLL2712) cells can improve glucose and lipid metabolism by suppressing chronic inflammation in mouse models and a preliminary clinical study. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate whether ingesting OLL2712 cells can reduce body fat accumulation and improve metabolic risk factors, in overweight, healthy adults. METHODS This study was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial conducted at a single center in Japan. The study participants included 100 overweight (BMI range, ≥25 to <30 kg/m2) adults aged 20-64 y. They were randomly assigned to either the placebo or OLL2712 group (n = 50 each) and were administered conventional yogurt or yogurt containing >5 × 109 heat-treated OLL2712 cells, respectively, daily for 12 wk. The primary outcome was the 12-wk change in the abdominal fat area, as assessed by computed tomography, and the secondary outcomes were glucose and lipid metabolism-related parameters and chronic inflammation markers, which were analyzed using a linear mixed model. RESULTS The 12-wk change of abdominal fat area (difference: 8.5 cm2; 95% CI: 0.3, 16.6 cm2; P = 0.040) and fasting plasma glucose (difference: 3.2 mg/dL; 95% CI: 0.8, 5.6 mg/dL; P = 0.021) were significantly less in the OLL2712 group than the placebo group. The overall trend of serum IL-6 was significantly decreased in the OLL2712 group compared with baseline and the placebo group. CONCLUSIONS The ingestion of heat-treated OLL2712 cells reduces body fat accumulation and the deterioration of glycemic control and chronic inflammation, in overweight, healthy adults. We hypothesize that OLL2712 cells may prevent obesity by regulating chronic inflammation. This trial was registered at the University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trials Registry as UMIN000027709.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Toshimitsu
- Applied Microbiology Research Department, Food Microbiology Research Laboratories, Division of Research and Development, Meiji Co., Ltd., Hachiouji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayako Gotou
- Applied Microbiology Research Department, Food Microbiology Research Laboratories, Division of Research and Development, Meiji Co., Ltd., Hachiouji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Sashihara
- Applied Microbiology Research Department, Food Microbiology Research Laboratories, Division of Research and Development, Meiji Co., Ltd., Hachiouji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keisuke Furuichi
- Applied Microbiology Research Department, Food Microbiology Research Laboratories, Division of Research and Development, Meiji Co., Ltd., Hachiouji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Hachimura
- Research Center for Food Safety, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Shioya
- Statistical Analysis Department, KSO Corporation, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoru Suzuki
- Shinagawa Season Terrace Health Care Clinic, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukio Asami
- Applied Microbiology Research Department, Food Microbiology Research Laboratories, Division of Research and Development, Meiji Co., Ltd., Hachiouji, Tokyo, Japan
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17
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Tomé-Castro XM, Rodriguez-Arrastia M, Cardona D, Rueda-Ruzafa L, Molina-Torres G, Roman P. Probiotics as a therapeutic strategy in obesity and overweight: a systematic review. Benef Microbes 2021; 12:5-15. [PMID: 33459204 DOI: 10.3920/bm2020.0111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and overweight are two of the most health challenges with an increasing prevalence in recent years, in which several complications have been identified to have a high impact in patients' health conditions. In this vein, an increasing interest in the gut microbiota has emerged as a target for therapeutic strategies in obesity and overweight due to its direct relation with the aforementioned health conditions and complications. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of probiotics as a therapeutic strategy in the management of obesity and overweight. A systematic review of randomised controlled trials was carried out in 6 databases until May 2019 to assess the use of probiotics in obesity and overweight patients. The Jadad Scale was used to assess the quality of the clinical trials. Twenty-three clinical trials published between 2000 and 2019 met the inclusion criteria. The role of probiotics in reducing body mass index and weight as well as changing the visceral abdominal fat area, waist and hip circumference were shown in 14 of 23 trials (60.87%); 14 trials (60.87%) showed changes on patients' fatty acids and biomarkers; and 4 trials (17.39%) studied the role of the gut microbiota in obese and overweight patients. Some probiotics strains are shown to be effective in reducing body mass index and hip circumference. This review provides evidence of successful results in weight loss using probiotic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- X M Tomé-Castro
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing Science, Physiotherapy and Medicine, University of Almeria, Ctra. Sacramento s/n, 04120 Almeria, Spain
| | - M Rodriguez-Arrastia
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Pre-Department of Nursing, Jaume I University, Av. Sos Baynat, 12071 Castello de la Plana, Spain.,Research Group CYS, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jaume I University, Av. Sos Baynat, 12071 Castello de la Plana, Spain
| | - D Cardona
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing Science, Physiotherapy and Medicine, University of Almeria, Ctra. Sacramento s/n, 04120 Almeria, Spain.,Health Research Centre, University of Almeria, Ctra. Sacramento s/n, 04120 Almeria, Spain
| | - L Rueda-Ruzafa
- Research Group CTS-451 Health Sciences, University of Almeria, Ctra. Sacramento s/n, 04120 Almeria, Spain
| | - G Molina-Torres
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physiotherapy, University of Granada, C/Santander 1, 52071 Melilla, Spain
| | - P Roman
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing Science, Physiotherapy and Medicine, University of Almeria, Ctra. Sacramento s/n, 04120 Almeria, Spain.,Health Research Centre, University of Almeria, Ctra. Sacramento s/n, 04120 Almeria, Spain.,Research Group CTS-451 Health Sciences, University of Almeria, Ctra. Sacramento s/n, 04120 Almeria, Spain
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18
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A novel inulin-type fructan from Asparagus cochinchinensis and its beneficial impact on human intestinal microbiota. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 247:116761. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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19
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Amat-Bou M, Garcia-Ribera S, Climent E, Piquer-Garcia I, Corripio R, Sanchez-Infantes D, Villalta L, Elias M, Jiménez-Chillarón JC, Chenoll E, Ramón D, Ibañez L, Ramon-Krauel M, Lerin C. Effects of Bifidobacterium animalis Subsp. lactis (BPL1) Supplementation in Children and Adolescents with Prader-Willi Syndrome: A Randomized Crossover Trial. Nutrients 2020; 12:E3123. [PMID: 33066107 PMCID: PMC7650793 DOI: 10.3390/nu12103123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by a wide range of clinical manifestations, including obesity, hyperphagia, and behavioral problems. Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis strain BPL1 has been shown to improve central adiposity in adults with simple obesity. To evaluate BPL1's effects in children with PWS, we performed a randomized crossover trial among 39 patients (mean age 10.4 years). Participants were randomized to placebo-BPL1 (n = 19) or BPL1-placebo (n = 20) sequences and underwent a 12-week period with placebo/BPL1 treatments, a 12-week washout period, and a 12-week period with the crossover treatment. Thirty-five subjects completed the study. The main outcome was changes in adiposity, measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Secondary outcomes included lipid and glucose metabolism, hyperphagia, and mental health symptoms. Generalized linear modeling was applied to assess differences between treatments. While BPL1 did not modify total fat mass compared to placebo, BPL1 decreased abdominal adiposity in a subgroup of patients older than 4.5 years (n = 28). BPL1 improved fasting insulin concentration and insulin sensitivity. Furthermore, we observed modest improvements in some mental health symptoms. A follow-up trial with a longer treatment period is warranted to determine whether BPL1 supplementation can provide a long-term therapeutic approach for children with PWS (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03548480).
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Affiliation(s)
- Montse Amat-Bou
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain; (M.A.-B.); (S.G.-R.); (L.V.); (M.E.); (J.C.J.-C.); (L.I.); (M.R.-K.)
- Endocrinology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sonika Garcia-Ribera
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain; (M.A.-B.); (S.G.-R.); (L.V.); (M.E.); (J.C.J.-C.); (L.I.); (M.R.-K.)
- Endocrinology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eric Climent
- Archer Daniels Midland Co-Biopolis, 46980 Valencia, Spain; (E.C.); (E.C.); (D.R.)
| | - Irene Piquer-Garcia
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute, 08916 Barcelona, Spain; (I.P.-G.); (D.S.-I.)
| | - Raquel Corripio
- Service of Pediatric Endocrinology, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Institut d’Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí I3PT, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08208 Sabadell, Spain;
| | - David Sanchez-Infantes
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute, 08916 Barcelona, Spain; (I.P.-G.); (D.S.-I.)
- CIBEROBN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laia Villalta
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain; (M.A.-B.); (S.G.-R.); (L.V.); (M.E.); (J.C.J.-C.); (L.I.); (M.R.-K.)
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Elias
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain; (M.A.-B.); (S.G.-R.); (L.V.); (M.E.); (J.C.J.-C.); (L.I.); (M.R.-K.)
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep C. Jiménez-Chillarón
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain; (M.A.-B.); (S.G.-R.); (L.V.); (M.E.); (J.C.J.-C.); (L.I.); (M.R.-K.)
- Endocrinology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Empar Chenoll
- Archer Daniels Midland Co-Biopolis, 46980 Valencia, Spain; (E.C.); (E.C.); (D.R.)
| | - Daniel Ramón
- Archer Daniels Midland Co-Biopolis, 46980 Valencia, Spain; (E.C.); (E.C.); (D.R.)
| | - Lourdes Ibañez
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain; (M.A.-B.); (S.G.-R.); (L.V.); (M.E.); (J.C.J.-C.); (L.I.); (M.R.-K.)
- Endocrinology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERDEM, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Ramon-Krauel
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain; (M.A.-B.); (S.G.-R.); (L.V.); (M.E.); (J.C.J.-C.); (L.I.); (M.R.-K.)
- Endocrinology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carles Lerin
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain; (M.A.-B.); (S.G.-R.); (L.V.); (M.E.); (J.C.J.-C.); (L.I.); (M.R.-K.)
- Endocrinology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
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20
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Wiciński M, Gębalski J, Gołębiewski J, Malinowski B. Probiotics for the Treatment of Overweight and Obesity in Humans-A Review of Clinical Trials. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8081148. [PMID: 32751306 PMCID: PMC7465252 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8081148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The World Health Organization (WHO) reports that 400 million people are obese, and over 1.6 billion adults are overweight worldwide. Annually, over 2.8 million people die from obesity-related diseases. The incidence of overweight and obesity is steadily increasing, and this phenomenon is referred to as a 21st-century pandemic. The main reason for this phenomenon is an easy access to high-energy, processed foods, and a low-activity lifestyle. These changes lead to an energy imbalance and, as a consequence, to the development of body fat. Weight gain contributes to the development of heart diseases, skeletal system disorders, metabolic disorders such as diabetes, and certain types of cancer. In recent years, there have been many works linking obesity with intestinal microbiota. Experiments on germ-free animals (GFs) have provided much evidence for the contribution of bacteria to obesity. The composition of the gut microbiota (GM) changes in obese people. These changes affect the degree of energy obtained from food, the composition and secretory functions of adipose tissue, carbohydrate, and lipid metabolism in the liver, and the activity of centers in the brain. The study aimed to present the current state of knowledge about the role of intestinal microbiota in the development of obesity and the impact of supplementation with probiotic bacteria on the health of overweight and obese patients.
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21
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Companys J, Pla-Pagà L, Calderón-Pérez L, Llauradó E, Solà R, Pedret A, Valls RM. Fermented Dairy Products, Probiotic Supplementation, and Cardiometabolic Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Adv Nutr 2020; 11:834-863. [PMID: 32277831 PMCID: PMC7360468 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmaa030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fermented dairy foods (FDFs) and probiotics are promising tools for the prevention and management of cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs), respectively. The relation between the regular consumption of FDFs and CMD risk factors was assessed by prospective cohort studies (PCSs), and the effect of probiotic supplementation added into a dairy matrix on CMD parameters was evaluated by randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Moreover, the effects of probiotic supplementation added into a dairy matrix were compared with those administered in capsule/powder form. Twenty PCSs and 52 RCTs met the inclusion criteria for the systematic review and meta-analysis. In PCSs, fermented milk was associated with a 4% reduction in risk of stroke, ischemic heart disease, and cardiovascular mortality [RR (95% CI); 0.96 (0.94, 0.98)]; yogurt intake was associated with a risk reduction of 27% [RR (95% CI); 0.73 (0.70, 0.76)] for type 2 diabetes (T2D) and 20% [RR (95% CI); 0.80 (0.74, 0.87)] for metabolic syndrome development. In RCTs, probiotic supplementation added into dairy matrices produced a greater reduction in lipid biomarkers than when added into capsules/powder in hypercholesterolemic subjects, and probiotic supplementation by capsules/powder produced a greater reduction in T2D biomarkers than when added into dairy matrices in diabetic subjects. Both treatments (dairy matrix and capsules/powder) resulted in a significant reduction in anthropometric parameters in obese subjects. In summary, fermented milk consumption is associated with reduced cardiovascular risk, while yogurt intake is associated with a reduced risk of T2D and metabolic syndrome development in the general population. Furthermore, probiotic supplementation added into dairy matrices could be considered beneficial for lowering lipid concentrations and reducing anthropometric parameters. Additionally, probiotic capsule/powder supplementation could contribute to T2D management and reduce anthropometric parameters. However, these results should be interpreted with caution due to the heterogeneity of the studies and the different probiotic strains used in the studies. This trial is registered with PROSPERO (CRD42018091791) and the protocol can be accessed at http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?ID=CRD42018091791.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judit Companys
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, Reus, Spain,Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Functional Nutrition, Oxidation, and Cardiovascular Disease Group (NFOC-SALUT), Reus, Spain
| | - Laura Pla-Pagà
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, Reus, Spain,Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Functional Nutrition, Oxidation, and Cardiovascular Disease Group (NFOC-SALUT), Reus, Spain
| | - Lorena Calderón-Pérez
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, Reus, Spain,Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Functional Nutrition, Oxidation, and Cardiovascular Disease Group (NFOC-SALUT), Reus, Spain,Universitat Rovira i Virgili Foundation, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus and Tarragona, Spain
| | - Elisabet Llauradó
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, Reus, Spain,Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Functional Nutrition, Oxidation, and Cardiovascular Disease Group (NFOC-SALUT), Reus, Spain
| | - Rosa Solà
- Address correspondence to RS (e-mail: )
| | | | - Rosa M Valls
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, Reus, Spain,Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Functional Nutrition, Oxidation, and Cardiovascular Disease Group (NFOC-SALUT), Reus, Spain
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22
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Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis GCL2505 modulates host energy metabolism via the short-chain fatty acid receptor GPR43. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4158. [PMID: 32139755 PMCID: PMC7057994 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60984-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which are metabolites derived from the fermentation of dietary fibre by the gut microbiota, are important for host metabolic health. There is interest in probiotics for their beneficial effects on metabolic disorders, such as obesity, but the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. In this study, we evaluated whether Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis GCL2505 (GCL2505), a probiotic strain capable of proliferating and increasing SCFA levels in the gut, exerts anti-metabolic syndrome effects via the SCFA receptor G protein-coupled receptor 43 (GPR43). A GCL2505 treatment suppressed body fat accumulation, improved glucose tolerance, and enhanced systemic fatty acid oxidation in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed wild type (WT) mice, whereas these effects were not observed in HFD-fed Gpr43 knockout (Gpr43−/−) mice. Caecal and plasma acetate levels were elevated by GCL2505 in WT and Gpr43−/− mice, but the negative correlation between plasma acetate levels and body fat accumulation was observed only in WT mice. We further demonstrated that GCL2505 suppressed insulin signalling in the adipose tissue via GPR43. These results suggested that increases in SCFA levels in response to GCL2505 enhance host energy expenditure, which decreases fat accumulation via activated GPR43.
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Sugawara T, Sawada D, Yanagihara S, Aoki Y, Takehara I, Sugahara H, Hirota T, Nakamura Y, Ishikawa S. Daily Intake of Paraprobiotic Lactobacillus amylovorus CP1563 Improves Pre-Obese Conditions and Affects the Gut Microbial Community in Healthy Pre-Obese Subjects: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8020304. [PMID: 32098338 PMCID: PMC7074956 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8020304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the fact that gut microbiota is closely associated with obesity, few studies have focused on the influences of paraprobiotics as food ingredients on both obesity prevention and the gut microbial community. In this study, we evaluated the effects of fragmented Lactobacillus amylovorus CP1563 (CP1563) as a paraprobiotic for obesity prevention and investigated its effects on the gut microbial community in pre-obese subjects. One hundred sixty-nine healthy subjects with a body mass index from 25.0 to 29.9 kg/m2 ingested beverages with or without the fragmented CP1563 containing 10-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid (10-HOA) for 12 weeks. The changes in abdominal, total, visceral, and subcutaneous fatty areas were significantly lower in the CP1563-10-HOA group than in the placebo group at 12 weeks. Furthermore, 16S rRNA gene sequencing of fecal DNA revealed that the changes in the abundances of the genera Roseburia and Lachnospiraceae;g were significantly greater in the CP1563-10-HOA group than in the placebo group, and the changes in the abundances of the genus Collinsella was significantly smaller in the CP1563-10HOA group than in the placebo group. Our results showed that continuous ingestion of the fragmented CP1563 containing 10-HOA reduced abdominal body fat and affected the gut microbial community in pre-obese healthy subjects. Our findings may contribute to the understanding of the relationship between the anti-obesity effect of paraprobiotics and gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomonori Sugawara
- Core Technology Laboratories, Asahi Quality and Innovations, Ltd., 11-10, 5 Chome, Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara-shi, Kanagawa 252-0206, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-42-769-7828
| | - Daisuke Sawada
- Core Technology Laboratories, Asahi Quality and Innovations, Ltd., 11-10, 5 Chome, Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara-shi, Kanagawa 252-0206, Japan
| | - Sae Yanagihara
- Core Technology Laboratories, Asahi Quality and Innovations, Ltd., 11-10, 5 Chome, Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara-shi, Kanagawa 252-0206, Japan
| | - Yumeko Aoki
- Core Technology Laboratories, Asahi Quality and Innovations, Ltd., 11-10, 5 Chome, Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara-shi, Kanagawa 252-0206, Japan
| | - Isao Takehara
- PI-Food Service Division, Clinical Support Corporation, 4-1, Nishi 8 Chome, Minami 1 jo, Chuo-ku, Sapporo-shi, Hokkaido 060-0061, Japan
| | - Hirosuke Sugahara
- Core Technology Laboratories, Asahi Quality and Innovations, Ltd., 11-10, 5 Chome, Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara-shi, Kanagawa 252-0206, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Hirota
- Core Technology Laboratories, Asahi Quality and Innovations, Ltd., 11-10, 5 Chome, Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara-shi, Kanagawa 252-0206, Japan
| | - Yasunori Nakamura
- Core Technology Laboratories, Asahi Quality and Innovations, Ltd., 11-10, 5 Chome, Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara-shi, Kanagawa 252-0206, Japan
| | - Susumu Ishikawa
- Medical Corporation Shoureikan Sinsapporo Seiryo Hospital, 1-30, 2 Chome, Higashi 4 jo, Atsubetsu, Atsubetsu-ku, Sapporo-shi, Hokkaido 004-0004, Japan
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24
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Effect of probiotics on obesity-related markers per enterotype: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial. EPMA J 2020; 11:31-51. [PMID: 32140184 DOI: 10.1007/s13167-020-00198-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Prevention and improvement of disease symptoms are important issues, and probiotics are suggested as a good treatment for controlling the obesity. Human gut microbiota has different community structures. Because gut microbial composition is assumed to be linked to probiotic function, this study evaluated the efficacy of probiotics on obesity-related clinical markers according to gut microbial enterotype. Methods Fifty subjects with body mass index over 25 kg/m2 were randomly assigned to either the probiotic or placebo group. Each group received either unlabeled placebo or probiotic capsules for 12 weeks. Body weight, waist circumference, and body composition were measured every 3 weeks. Using computed tomography, total abdominal fat area and visceral fat area were measured. Blood and fecal samples were collected before and after the intervention for biochemical parameters and gut microbial compositions analysis. Results Gut microbial compositions of all the subjects were classified into two enterotypes according to Prevotella/Bacteroides ratio. The fat percentage, blood glucose, and insulin significantly increased in the Prevotella-rich enterotype of the placebo group. The obesity-related markers, such as waist circumference, total fat area, visceral fat, and ratio of visceral to subcutaneous fat area, were significantly reduced in the probiotic group. The decrease of obesity-related markers was greater in the Prevotella-rich enterotype than in the Bacteroides-rich enterotype. Conclusion Administration of probiotics improved obesity-related markers in obese people, and the efficacy of probiotics differed per gut microbial enterotype and greater responses were observed in the Prevotella-dominant enterotype.
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Ozato N, Saito S, Yamaguchi T, Katashima M, Tokuda I, Sawada K, Katsuragi Y, Kakuta M, Imoto S, Ihara K, Nakaji S. Blautia genus associated with visceral fat accumulation in adults 20-76 years of age. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2019; 5:28. [PMID: 31602309 PMCID: PMC6778088 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-019-0101-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota is reported to be related to obesity, and visceral fat is reported to be strongly associated with cardiovascular disease and overall mortality. However, the association between the gut microbiota and obesity has mainly been studied using body mass index (BMI) as a proxy for obesity. We investigated the relationship of both visceral fat and BMI with the gut microbiota stratified by sex in a population-based cross-sectional study of Japanese men and women 20-76 years of age (n = 1001). Women with a higher visceral fat area (VFA) harboured a higher relative abundance of the Firmicutes phylum (P for trend <0.001) and a lower relative abundance of the Bacteroidetes phylum (P for trend 0.030), whereas men with higher VFA harboured a lower relative abundance of the Firmicutes phylum (P for trend 0.076) and a higher relative abundance of the Bacteroidetes phylum (P for trend 0.013). Similar results were obtained using BMI as an index, but the differences were not significant in men. At the genus level, Blautia was the only gut microbe significantly and inversely associated with VFA regardless of sex. In conclusion, at the genus level we found that Blautia was the only gut microbe significantly and inversely associated with VFA, regardless of sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Ozato
- 1Department of Active Life Promotion Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki University, Aomori, Japan.,2Health Care Food Research Laboratories, Kao Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Saito
- 3Biological Science Research Laboratories, Kao Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tohru Yamaguchi
- 2Health Care Food Research Laboratories, Kao Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Katashima
- 1Department of Active Life Promotion Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki University, Aomori, Japan.,2Health Care Food Research Laboratories, Kao Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Itoyo Tokuda
- 4Department of Social Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki University, Aomori, Japan
| | - Kaori Sawada
- 4Department of Social Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki University, Aomori, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Katsuragi
- 1Department of Active Life Promotion Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki University, Aomori, Japan.,2Health Care Food Research Laboratories, Kao Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masanori Kakuta
- 5Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seiya Imoto
- 6Health Intelligence Center, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazushige Ihara
- 4Department of Social Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki University, Aomori, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Nakaji
- 4Department of Social Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki University, Aomori, Japan
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26
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Pedret A, Valls RM, Calderón-Pérez L, Llauradó E, Companys J, Pla-Pagà L, Moragas A, Martín-Luján F, Ortega Y, Giralt M, Caimari A, Chenoll E, Genovés S, Martorell P, Codoñer FM, Ramón D, Arola L, Solà R. Effects of daily consumption of the probiotic Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis CECT 8145 on anthropometric adiposity biomarkers in abdominally obese subjects: a randomized controlled trial. Int J Obes (Lond) 2019; 43:1863-1868. [PMID: 30262813 PMCID: PMC6760601 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-018-0220-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of probiotic Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis CECT 8145 (Ba8145) and those of its heat-killed form (h-k Ba8145) on human anthropometric adiposity biomarkers are unknown. OBJECTIVE To assess the effect of Ba8145 and h-k Ba8145 ingestion on anthropometric adiposity biomarkers. DESIGN Randomized, parallel, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with abdominally obese individuals. Participants (n = 135) consumed 1 capsule/day containing 1010 colony forming unit (CFU) of Ba8145, 1010 CFU of h-k Ba8145, or placebo (maltodextrin) for 3 months. RESULTS Ba8145 ingestion decreased waist circumference, waist circumference/height ratio, and Conicity index (P < 0.05) versus its baseline. Changes versus the placebo group reached significance (P < 0.05) after the h-k Ba8145 treatment. Ba8145 decreased the body mass index compared with baseline and placebo group (P < 0.05). The decrease in visceral fat area after Ba8145 treatments reached significance (P < 0.05) only after h-k Ba8145. When analyses by gender were performed, significance remained only for women. Diastolic blood pressure and HOMA index decreased (P < 0.05) after h-k Ba8145. Gut microbiome analyses showed an increase in Akkermansia spp. after Ba8145 treatment, particularly in the live form, which was inversely related to weight (P = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS In abdominally obese individuals, consumption of Ba8145, both as viable and mainly as heat-killed cells, improves anthropometric adiposity biomarkers, particularly in women. An increase in the gut Akkermansia genus appears as a possible mechanism involved. Our results support Ba8145 probiotic as a complementary strategy in obesity management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pedret
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, Reus, Spain
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Functional Nutrition, Oxidation, and Cardiovascular Diseases Group (NFOC-Salut), Reus, Spain
| | - Rosa M Valls
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, Reus, Spain.
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Functional Nutrition, Oxidation, and Cardiovascular Diseases Group (NFOC-Salut), Reus, Spain.
| | - Lorena Calderón-Pérez
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, Reus, Spain
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Functional Nutrition, Oxidation, and Cardiovascular Diseases Group (NFOC-Salut), Reus, Spain
| | - Elisabet Llauradó
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, Reus, Spain
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Functional Nutrition, Oxidation, and Cardiovascular Diseases Group (NFOC-Salut), Reus, Spain
| | - Judit Companys
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, Reus, Spain
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Functional Nutrition, Oxidation, and Cardiovascular Diseases Group (NFOC-Salut), Reus, Spain
| | - Laura Pla-Pagà
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, Reus, Spain
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Functional Nutrition, Oxidation, and Cardiovascular Diseases Group (NFOC-Salut), Reus, Spain
| | - Ana Moragas
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
- Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Atenció Primària-IDIAP Jordi Gol, Tarragona, Spain
- Primary Care Centre Jaume I, Institut Català de la Salut, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Francisco Martín-Luján
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
- Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Atenció Primària-IDIAP Jordi Gol, Tarragona, Spain
- Primary Care Centre El Morell, Institut Català de la Salut, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Yolanda Ortega
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
- Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Atenció Primària-IDIAP Jordi Gol, Tarragona, Spain
- Primary Care Centre Salou, Institut Català de la Salut, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Montse Giralt
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, Reus, Spain
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Functional Nutrition, Oxidation, and Cardiovascular Diseases Group (NFOC-Salut), Reus, Spain
| | - Antoni Caimari
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, Reus, Spain
| | - Empar Chenoll
- Biopolis SL/Archer Daniels Midland. R&D Department (ADM Nutrition). C/Catedrático Agustín Escardino Benlloch 9, 46980-Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Salvador Genovés
- Biopolis SL/Archer Daniels Midland. R&D Department (ADM Nutrition). C/Catedrático Agustín Escardino Benlloch 9, 46980-Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Patricia Martorell
- Biopolis SL/Archer Daniels Midland. R&D Department (ADM Nutrition). C/Catedrático Agustín Escardino Benlloch 9, 46980-Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Francisco M Codoñer
- Lifesequencing/Archer Daniels Midland. R&D Department (ADM Nutrition). C/Catedrático Agustín Escardino Benlloch 9, 46980-Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Daniel Ramón
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, Reus, Spain
- Biopolis SL/Archer Daniels Midland. R&D Department (ADM Nutrition). C/Catedrático Agustín Escardino Benlloch 9, 46980-Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Lluís Arola
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, Reus, Spain
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Facultat de Química, Grup de Recerca en Nutrigenòmica, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Rosa Solà
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, Reus, Spain
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Functional Nutrition, Oxidation, and Cardiovascular Diseases Group (NFOC-Salut), Reus, Spain
- Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, Reus, Spain
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Anzawa D, Mawatari T, Tanaka Y, Yamamoto M, Genda T, Takahashi S, Nishijima T, Kamasaka H, Suzuki S, Kuriki T. Effects of synbiotics containing Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis GCL2505 and inulin on intestinal bifidobacteria: A randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover study. Food Sci Nutr 2019; 7:1828-1837. [PMID: 31139397 PMCID: PMC6526661 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A number of studies have shown the bifidogenic effects of either probiotic bifidobacteria or inulin, and this bifidogenic shift in the composition of the colonic microbiota is likely the basis for their positive impact on human health. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of synbiotics containing the probiotic bacterium Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis (B. lactis) GCL2505 and inulin on the levels of intestinal bifidobacteria compared with B. lactis GCL2505 alone. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial was carried out involving 60 healthy subjects with a tendency for constipation using fermented milk containing B. lactis GCL2505 and inulin (synbiotic), only B. lactis GCL2505 (probiotic), and placebo. Fecal samples were collected at the end of each 2-week intervention period, and the bifidobacterial count was analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR. The numbers of total bifidobacteria and B. lactis in feces were significantly increased during the probiotic and synbiotic intake periods compared with the placebo intake period. Furthermore, the numbers of total bifidobacteria and endogenous bifidobacteria were significantly higher in the synbiotic intake period compared with the probiotic intake period, while there was no difference in the number of B. lactis. These results suggested that the synbiotics containing B. lactis GCL2505 and inulin had a greater effect on the number of bifidobacteria than a drink containing probiotics alone and could be useful for the improvement of the intestinal environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Anzawa
- Institute of Health SciencesEzaki Glico Co., Ltd.OsakaJapan
| | | | | | - Mio Yamamoto
- Institute of Health SciencesEzaki Glico Co., Ltd.OsakaJapan
| | - Tomomi Genda
- Institute of Health SciencesEzaki Glico Co., Ltd.OsakaJapan
| | | | | | | | - Satoru Suzuki
- Shinagawa Season Terrace Health Care ClinicTokyoJapan
| | - Takashi Kuriki
- Institute of Health SciencesEzaki Glico Co., Ltd.OsakaJapan
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28
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Koutnikova H, Genser B, Monteiro-Sepulveda M, Faurie JM, Rizkalla S, Schrezenmeir J, Clément K. Impact of bacterial probiotics on obesity, diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease related variables: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e017995. [PMID: 30928918 PMCID: PMC6475231 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To systematically review the effect of oral intake of bacterial probiotics on 15 variables related to obesity, diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES Medline, EMBASE and COCHRANE from 1990 to June 2018. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Randomised controlled trials (≥14 days) excluding hypercholesterolaemia, alcoholic liver disease, polycystic ovary syndrome and children <3 years. RESULTS One hundred and five articles met inclusion criteria, representing 6826 subjects. In overweight but not obese subjects, probiotics induced improvements in: body weight (k=25 trials, d=-0.94 kg mean difference, 95% CI -1.17 to -0.70, I²=0.0%), body mass index (k=32, d=-0.55 kg/m², 95% CI -0.86 to -0.23, I²=91.9%), waist circumference (k=13, d=-1.31 cm, 95% CI -1.79 to -0.83, I²=14.5%), body fat mass (k=11, d=-0.96 kg, 95% CI -1.21 to -0.71, I²=0.0%) and visceral adipose tissue mass (k=5, d=-6.30 cm², 95% CI -9.05 to -3.56, I²=0.0%). In type 2 diabetics, probiotics reduced fasting glucose (k=19, d=-0.66 mmol/L, 95% CI -1.00 to -0.31, I²=27.7%), glycated haemoglobin (k=13, d=-0.28 pp, 95% CI -0.46 to -0.11, I²=54.1%), insulin (k=13, d=-1.66 mU/L, 95% CI -2.70 to -0.61, I²=37.8%) and homeostatic model of insulin resistance (k=10, d=-1.05 pp, 95% CI -1.48 to -0.61, I²=18.2%). In subjects with fatty liver diseases, probiotics reduced alanine (k=12, d=-10.2 U/L, 95% CI -14.3 to -6.0, I²=93.50%) and aspartate aminotransferases (k=10, d=-9.9 U/L, 95% CI -14.1 to -5.8, I²=96.1%). These improvements were mostly observed with bifidobacteria (Bifidobacterium breve, B. longum), Streptococcus salivarius subsp. thermophilus and lactobacilli (Lactobacillus acidophilus, L. casei, L. delbrueckii) containing mixtures and influenced by trials conducted in one country. CONCLUSIONS The intake of probiotics resulted in minor but consistent improvements in several metabolic risk factors in subjects with metabolic diseases. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42016033273.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bernd Genser
- BGStats Consulting, Vienna, Austria
- Mannheimer Institut fur Public Health, Ruprecht Karls Universitat Heidelberg, Mannheim, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Milena Monteiro-Sepulveda
- Nutrition Department, Pitie-Salpêtrière hospital, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | | | - Salwa Rizkalla
- Nutrition Department, Pitie-Salpêtrière hospital, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Jürgen Schrezenmeir
- Clinical Research Center Kiel, Johannes Gutenberg Universitat Universitatsmedizin, Mainz, Rheinland-Pfalz, Germany
| | - Karine Clément
- Nutrition Department, Pitie-Salpêtrière hospital, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), NutriOmiCs team, UMR S 1269, Paris, France
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29
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Smith-Ryan AE, Mock MG, Trexler ET, Hirsch KR, Blue MNM. Influence of a multistrain probiotic on body composition and mood in female occupational shift workers. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2018; 44:765-773. [PMID: 30566363 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2018-0645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This study sought to investigate the effects of a multistrain probiotic on body composition, regional adiposity, and a series of associated metabolic health outcomes. Female health care workers employed on a rotating-shift schedule (n = 41) completed baseline anthropometric assessments; a fasted blood draw; questionnaires to assess anxiety, depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), and fatigue (Chalder Fatigue Survey); and an exercise fatigue test. Identical post-tests occurred following 6 weeks of daily supplementation with placebo (PLA) or probiotics (2.5 × 109 CFU/g) containing 9 bacterial strains (PRO; Ecologic Barrier) combined with a prebiotic carrier matrix. PRO attenuated fat mass increases (change (Δ), 0.14 kg; confidence interval (CI) -0.46 to 0.75 kg) compared with PLA (Δ, 0.79 kg; CI 0.03-1.54 kg), whereas modest reductions in visceral adiposity resulted for both PRO and PLA. Metabolic biomarkers (total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, glucose, adiponectin, C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, leptin) were not influenced by either treatment (p > 0.05). Nonsignificant, but potentially clinically relevant, improvements in anxiety (Δ, -2.3 ± 2.63) and fatigue (Δ, -4.8 ± 5.5) were observed with PRO; exercise performance was unaffected. Results indicate a potential protective effect of probiotics against fat mass gain. Probiotics may alleviate anxiety and fatigue in shift-working females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbie E Smith-Ryan
- a Applied Physiology Laboratory, Department of Exercise and Sport Science, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.,b Human Movement Science Curriculum, Department of Allied Health Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Meredith G Mock
- a Applied Physiology Laboratory, Department of Exercise and Sport Science, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Eric T Trexler
- a Applied Physiology Laboratory, Department of Exercise and Sport Science, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.,b Human Movement Science Curriculum, Department of Allied Health Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Katie R Hirsch
- a Applied Physiology Laboratory, Department of Exercise and Sport Science, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.,b Human Movement Science Curriculum, Department of Allied Health Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Malia N M Blue
- a Applied Physiology Laboratory, Department of Exercise and Sport Science, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.,b Human Movement Science Curriculum, Department of Allied Health Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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30
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Heianza Y, Sun D, Ma W, Zheng Y, Champagne CM, Bray GA, Sacks FM, Qi L. Gut-microbiome-related LCT genotype and 2-year changes in body composition and fat distribution: the POUNDS Lost Trial. Int J Obes (Lond) 2018; 42:1565-1573. [PMID: 29568104 PMCID: PMC6109621 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-018-0046-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 11/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Gut microbiome regulates host energy metabolism and adiposity. A recent study identified a genome-wide significant variant in the lactase (LCT) gene that determines gut-microbiome abundance. We investigated whether the LCT variant influenced long-term changes in adiposity among overweight and obese individuals. SUBJECTS/METHODS We included 583 whites with LCT variant rs4988235 (G allele as Bifidobacterium-abundance-increasing allele) who were randomly assigned to one of four weight-loss diets varying in macronutrient contents. Two-year changes in adiposity measures were assessed according to the LCT genotype and weight-loss diets. RESULTS We observed a significant interaction between the LCT genotype and dietary protein intake on changes in whole body total fat mass %, trunk fat %, superficial adipose tissue mass (SAT), visceral adipose tissue mass (VAT), and total adipose tissue mass (TAT) (Pinteraction < 0.05 for all). In response to high-protein diet, carrying the G allele of LCT variant rs4988235 was associated with greater reduction of whole body total fat mass % (β [SE] -0.9 [0.43], P = 0.04), trunk fat % (-1.06 [0.58], P = 0.07), SAT (-0.89 [0.42], P = 0.04), VAT (-0.63 [0.27], P = 0.03), and TAT (-1.69 [0.76], P = 0.03). Conversely, increasing numbers of the G allele tended to be related to less reduction of these outcomes in response to low-protein diet. CONCLUSIONS Long-term improvement of body fat composition and distribution was significantly influenced by the Bifidobacterium-related LCT genotype and dietary protein intake. Overweight and obese individuals with the G allele of LCT variant rs4988235 may benefit improving adiposity by eating a low-calorie, high-protein diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoriko Heianza
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Dianjianyi Sun
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Wenjie Ma
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yan Zheng
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Catherine M Champagne
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - George A Bray
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Frank M Sacks
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lu Qi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA.
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
- Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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31
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Seura T, Yoshino Y, Fukuwatari T. The Relationship between Habitual Dietary Intake and Gut Microbiota in Young Japanese Women. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2018; 63:396-404. [PMID: 29332901 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.63.396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that dietary content affects the health of the host by changing the gut microbiota. However, little is known about the association of microbiota composition with habitual diet in Japanese people. Here, we aimed to clarify the relationship between the fecal microbiota and habitual dietary intake of micronutrients, macronutrients and food groups in healthy young Japanese women. Analysis of fecal microbiota was performed by the terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) method, and a dietary survey was conducted over three consecutive days using a weighed food record method. T-RFLP pattern analysis divided the subjects into two clusters, where cluster A group had a high relative abundance of Bacteroides and Clostridium cluster IV, and cluster B group had a high relative abundance of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillales. Cluster A group also had lower intakes of iron and vitamin K and higher intakes of mushrooms and snacks than cluster B group. Analysis of Spearman rank correlations found several significant relationships between fecal microbiota and intake of nutrients and food groups. Bifidobacterium was correlated with iron intake, and Clostridium cluster XI was negatively correlated with intakes of cholesterol and eggs. These results suggest that dietary habits may strongly affect Bifidobacterium, Bacteroides and Clostridium abundance in the gut microbiota of young Japanese women. This is the first study to show relationships between fecal microbiota and habitual dietary intake in Japanese people. Accumulation of results from similar studies will help to elucidate the relationships between dietary intake and diseases in Japanese people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Seura
- Department of Sports and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Aichi Shukutoku University.,Department of Nutrition, School of Human Cultures, The University of Shiga Prefecture
| | - Yoko Yoshino
- Department of Nutritional Management, Faculty of Nutritional Science, Sagami Women's University
| | - Tsutomu Fukuwatari
- Department of Nutrition, School of Human Cultures, The University of Shiga Prefecture
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32
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Minami J, Iwabuchi N, Tanaka M, Yamauchi K, Xiao JZ, Abe F, Sakane N. Effects of Bifidobacterium breve B-3 on body fat reductions in pre-obese adults: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. BIOSCIENCE OF MICROBIOTA FOOD AND HEALTH 2018; 37:67-75. [PMID: 30094122 PMCID: PMC6081611 DOI: 10.12938/bmfh.18-001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests a relationship between the gut microbiota and the development of obesity, indicating the potential of probiotics as a therapeutic approach.
Bifidobacterium breve B-3 has been shown to exert anti-obesity effects in high-fat diet-induced obese mice. In the present study, the anti-obesity effects of the
consumption of B. breve B-3 by healthy pre-obese (25 ≤ BMI < 30) adults were investigated in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (trial registration:
UMIN-CTR No. 000023919; preregistered on September 2, 2016). Eighty participants were randomized to receive placebo or B. breve B-3 capsules (2 × 1010 CFU/day)
daily for 12 weeks. The visceral fat area significantly increased at weeks 4 and 8 in the placebo group only; no significant change was observed in the B-3 group. Body fat mass and percent
body fat were significantly lower in the B-3 group than in the placebo group at weeks 8 and 12 (p<0.05, ANCOVA adjusted with baseline values). Although no significant differences were
observed in blood parameters between the groups, the intake of B. breve B-3 slightly decreased triglyceride levels and improved HDL cholesterol from the baseline. No serious
adverse effects were noted in either group. These results suggest that the probiotic strain B. breve B-3 has potential as a functional food ingredient to reduce body fat in
healthy pre-obese individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junichi Minami
- Food Ingredients & Technology Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., 5-1-83 Higashihara, Zama-shi, Kanagawa 252-8583, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Iwabuchi
- Food Ingredients & Technology Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., 5-1-83 Higashihara, Zama-shi, Kanagawa 252-8583, Japan
| | - Miyuki Tanaka
- Food Ingredients & Technology Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., 5-1-83 Higashihara, Zama-shi, Kanagawa 252-8583, Japan
| | - Koji Yamauchi
- Food Ingredients & Technology Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., 5-1-83 Higashihara, Zama-shi, Kanagawa 252-8583, Japan
| | - Jin-Zhong Xiao
- Next Generation Science Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., 5-1-83 Higashihara, Zama-shi, Kanagawa 252-8583, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Abe
- Food Ingredients & Technology Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., 5-1-83 Higashihara, Zama-shi, Kanagawa 252-8583, Japan
| | - Naoki Sakane
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, 1-1 Mukaihata-cho, Fukakusa, Fushimi-ku, Kyoto 612-8555, Japan
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33
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Chen YT, Yang NS, Lin YC, Ho ST, Li KY, Lin JS, Liu JR, Chen MJ. A combination of Lactobacillus mali APS1 and dieting improved the efficacy of obesity treatment via manipulating gut microbiome in mice. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6153. [PMID: 29670255 PMCID: PMC5906640 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23844-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The difficulty of long-term management has produced a high rate of failure for obesity patients. Therefore, improving the efficacy of current obesity treatment is a significant goal. We hypothesized that combining a probiotic Lactobacillus mali APS1 intervention with dieting could improve the efficacy of obesity and hepatic steatosis treatment compared to dieting alone. Mice were fed a high-fat diet for 6 weeks and then treated with: saline + normal diet and APS1 + normal diet (NDAPS1) for 3 weeks. NDAPS1 accelerated body weight loss and reduced caloric intake and fat accumulation. The fecal microbiome showed that accelerating weight loss by NDAPS1 resulted in restoring intestinal microbiota toward a pre-obese state, with alteration of specific changes in the obesity-associated bacteria. APS1 manipulated the gut microbiome's obesity-associated metabolites, followed by regulation of lipid metabolism, enhancement of energy expenditure and inhibition of appetite. The specific hepatic metabolites induced by the APS1-manipulated gut microbiome also contributed to the amelioration of hepatic steatosis. Our results highlighted a possible microbiome and metabolome that contributed to accelerating weight loss following treatment with a combination of APS1 and dieting and suggested that probiotics could serve as a potential therapy for modulating physiological function and downstream of the microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Tsung Chen
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, 106, Taiwan
| | - Ning-Sun Yang
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, 106, Taiwan.,Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei City, 115, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chun Lin
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, 106, Taiwan.,Taiwan Livestock Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan, Tainan City, 71246, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Tse Ho
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, 106, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Yi Li
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, 106, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Seng Lin
- SynbioTech Incorporation, Kaohsiung City, 821, Taiwan
| | - Je-Ruei Liu
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, 106, Taiwan.,Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, 106, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Ju Chen
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, 106, Taiwan.
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Leong KSW, Derraik JGB, Hofman PL, Cutfield WS. Antibiotics, gut microbiome and obesity. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2018; 88:185-200. [PMID: 29023853 DOI: 10.1111/cen.13495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotics have been hailed by many as "miracle drugs" that have been effectively treating infectious diseases for over a century, leading to a marked reduction in morbidity and mortality. However, with the increasing use of antibiotics, we are now faced not only with the increasing threat of antibiotic resistance, but also with a rising concern about potential long-term effects of antibiotics on human health, including the development of obesity. The obesity pandemic continues to increase, a problem that affects both adults and children alike. Disruptions to the gut microbiome have been linked to a multitude of adverse conditions, including obesity, type 2 diabetes, inflammatory bowel diseases, anxiety, autism, allergies, and autoimmune diseases. This review focuses on the association between antibiotics and obesity, and the role of the gut microbiome. There is strong evidence supporting the role of antibiotics in the development of obesity in well-controlled animal models. However, evidence for this link in humans is still inconclusive, and we need further well-designed clinical trials to clarify this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen S W Leong
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - José G B Derraik
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- A Better Start - National Science Challenge, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Paul L Hofman
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Wayne S Cutfield
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- A Better Start - National Science Challenge, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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35
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Singh A, Vishwakarma V, Singhal B. Metabiotics: The Functional Metabolic Signatures of Probiotics: Current State-of-Art and Future Research Priorities—Metabiotics: Probiotics Effector Molecules. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.4236/abb.2018.94012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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36
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Seganfredo FB, Blume CA, Moehlecke M, Giongo A, Casagrande DS, Spolidoro JVN, Padoin AV, Schaan BD, Mottin CC. Weight-loss interventions and gut microbiota changes in overweight and obese patients: a systematic review. Obes Rev 2017; 18:832-851. [PMID: 28524627 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Imbalances in the gut microbiota, the bacteria that inhabit the intestines, are central to the pathogenesis of obesity. This systematic review assesses the association between the gut microbiota and weight loss in overweight/obese adults and its potential manipulation as a target for treating obesity. This review identified 43 studies using the keywords 'overweight' or 'obesity' and 'microbiota' and related terms; among these studies, 17 used dietary interventions, 11 used bariatric surgery and 15 used microbiota manipulation. The studies differed in their methodologies as well as their intervention lengths. Restrictive diets decreased the microbiota abundance, correlated with nutrient deficiency rather than weight loss and generally reduced the butyrate producers Firmicutes, Lactobacillus sp. and Bifidobacterium sp. The impact of surgical intervention depended on the given technique and showed a similar effect on butyrate producers, in addition to increasing the presence of the Proteobacteria phylum, which is related to changes in the intestinal absorptive surface, pH and digestion time. Probiotics differed in strain and duration with diverse effects on the microbiota, and they tended to reduce body fat. Prebiotics had a bifidogenic effect and increased butyrate producers, likely due to cross-feeding interactions, contributing to the gut barrier and improving metabolic outcomes. All of the interventions under consideration had impacts on the gut microbiota, although they did not always correlate with weight loss. These results show that restrictive diets and bariatric surgery reduce microbial abundance and promote changes in microbial composition that could have long-term detrimental effects on the colon. In contrast, prebiotics might restore a healthy microbiome and reduce body fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- F B Seganfredo
- Medicine and Health Sciences Post-Graduate Program, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - C A Blume
- Post-Graduate Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - M Moehlecke
- Post-Graduate Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - A Giongo
- Instituto do Petróleo e dos Recursos Naturais, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - D S Casagrande
- Centro de Obesidade e Síndrome Metabólica, Hospital São Lucas da PUCRS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - J V N Spolidoro
- Faculty of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - A V Padoin
- Medicine and Health Sciences Post-Graduate Program, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Centro de Obesidade e Síndrome Metabólica, Hospital São Lucas da PUCRS, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Faculty of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - B D Schaan
- Faculty of Medicine and Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - C C Mottin
- Medicine and Health Sciences Post-Graduate Program, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Centro de Obesidade e Síndrome Metabólica, Hospital São Lucas da PUCRS, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Faculty of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Bifidobacteria-Insight into clinical outcomes and mechanisms of its probiotic action. Microbiol Res 2016; 192:159-171. [PMID: 27664734 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2016.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 06/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The invasion of pathogens causes a disruption of the gut homeostasis. Innate immune responses and those triggered by endogenous microbiota form the first line of defence in our body. Pathogens often successfully overcome the resistances offered, calling for therapeutic intervention. Conventional strategy involving antibiotics might eradicate pathogens, but often leave the gut uncolonised and susceptible to recurrences. Probiotic supplements are useful alternatives. Bifidobacterium is one of widely studied probiotic genus, effective in restoring gut homeostasis. Mechanisms of probiotic action of bifidobacteria are several, often with strain-specificity. Analysis of streamlined literature reports reveal that although most studies report the probiotic aspect of bifidobacteria, sporadic documented contradictory results exist, challenging its therapeutic application and prompting studies to unambiguously establish the strain-associated probiotic activity and negate adverse effects prior to its clinical administration. Multi-strain/combinatorial therapy possibly relies on a combination of underlying operating mechanisms, each contributing towards enhanced probiotic efficacy, understanding which could help in developing customised formulations against targeted pathogens. Bifidogenic activity is also mediated by surface-associated structural components such as exopolysaccharides, lipoteichoic acids along with metabolites and bifidocins. This highlights scope for developing advanced structural therapeutic strategy which might be pivotal in replacing intact cell probiotics therapy.
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