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Zoungas S, Zhou Z, Owen AJ, Curtis AJ, Espinoza SE, Ernst ME, Woods RL, Orchard SG, McNeil JJ, Murray AM, Nelson MR, Reid CM, Ryan J, Wolfe R. Daily low-dose aspirin and incident type 2 diabetes in community-dwelling healthy older adults: a post-hoc analysis of efficacy and safety in the ASPREE randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2024; 12:98-106. [PMID: 38142708 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(23)00327-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetes. This study investigated the randomised treatment effect of low-dose aspirin on incident type 2 diabetes and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) concentrations among older adults. METHODS ASPREE was a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of daily oral low-dose aspirin. The study population included community-dwelling individuals aged 70 years or older (≥65 years for US minority ethnic groups) in the USA and Australia who were free of cardiovascular disease, independence-limiting physical disability, or dementia. For the post-hoc analysis, we excluded participants with diabetes at baseline or with incomplete or missing incident diabetes data during follow-up. Participants were randomly assigned 1:1 to oral 100 mg daily enteric-coated aspirin or placebo. Incident diabetes was defined as self-reported diabetes, commencement of glucose-lowering medication, or a FPG concentration of 7·0 mmol/L or more assessed at annual follow-up visits among participants with no diabetes at baseline. We used Cox proportional hazards models and mixed-model repeated measures to assess the effect of aspirin on incident diabetes and FPG concentrations in the intention-to-treat population. We assessed major bleeding in participants who had taken at least one dose of study medication. FINDINGS Between March 10, 2010, and Dec 24, 2014, a total of 16 209 participants were included (8086 [49·9%] randomly assigned to aspirin and 8123 [50·1%] randomly assigned to placebo). During a median follow-up of 4·7 years (IQR 3·6-5·7), 995 (in 6·1% individuals) incident cases of type 2 diabetes were recorded (459 in the aspirin group and 536 in the placebo group). Compared with placebo, the aspirin group had a 15% reduction in risk of incident diabetes (hazard ratio 0·85 [95% CI 0·75 to 0·97]; p=0·013) and a slower rate of increase in FPG concentration at year 5 (between-group difference estimate -0·048 mmol/L [95% CI -0·079 to -0·018]; p=0·0017). Major bleeding (major gastrointestinal bleeding, intracranial bleeding, and clinically significant bleeding at other sites) occurred in 510 (3·2%) of 16 104 participants (300 [3·7%] in the aspirin group and 210 [2·6%] in the placebo group). Compared with placebo, the aspirin group had a 44% increase in risk of major bleeding (hazard ratio 1·44 [95% CI 1·21 to 1·72]; p<0·0001). INTERPRETATION Aspirin treatment reduced the incidence of type 2 diabetes and slowed the increase in FPG concentration but increased major bleeding among community-dwelling older adults. Given the increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes among older adults, the potential for anti-inflammatory agents such as aspirin to prevent type 2 diabetes or improve glucose levels warrants further study with a comprehensive assessment of all potential safety events of interest. FUNDING US National Institute on Aging, US National Cancer Institute, National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia, Monash University, and the Victorian Cancer Agency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Zoungas
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Zhen Zhou
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Alice J Owen
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrea J Curtis
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sara E Espinoza
- Sam and Ann Barshop Institute, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA; Geriatrics Research, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Michael E Ernst
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA; Department of Family Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Robyn L Woods
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Suzanne G Orchard
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - John J McNeil
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Anne M Murray
- Department of Medicine, Geriatrics Division, Hennepin HealthCare and Berman Centre for Clinical Research, Hennepin Healthcare Research Institute, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Mark R Nelson
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | | | - Joanne Ryan
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Rory Wolfe
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Ke D, Zhang Z, Liu J, Chen P, Dai Y, Sun X, Chu Y, Li L. RIPK1 and RIPK3 inhibitors: potential weapons against inflammation to treat diabetic complications. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1274654. [PMID: 37954576 PMCID: PMC10639174 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1274654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease that is characterized by chronic hyperglycemia due to a variety of etiological factors. Long-term metabolic stress induces harmful inflammation leading to chronic complications, mainly diabetic ophthalmopathy, diabetic cardiovascular complications and diabetic nephropathy. With diabetes complications being one of the leading causes of disability and death, the use of anti-inflammatories in combination therapy for diabetes is increasing. There has been increasing interest in targeting significant regulators of the inflammatory pathway, notably receptor-interacting serine/threonine-kinase-1 (RIPK1) and receptor-interacting serine/threonine-kinase-3 (RIPK3), as drug targets for managing inflammation in treating diabetes complications. In this review, we aim to provide an up-to-date summary of current research on the mechanism of action and drug development of RIPK1 and RIPK3, which are pivotal in chronic inflammation and immunity, in relation to diabetic complications which may be benefit for explicating the potential of selective RIPK1 and RIPK3 inhibitors as anti-inflammatory therapeutic agents for diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Ke
- College of Life Sciences, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Tissue Damage and Repair, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Tissue Damage and Repair, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
- School of First Clinical Medical College, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Jieting Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Tissue Damage and Repair, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Peijian Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Tissue Damage and Repair, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Yucen Dai
- College of Life Sciences, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Tissue Damage and Repair, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Xinhai Sun
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yanhui Chu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Tissue Damage and Repair, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Luxin Li
- College of Life Sciences, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Tissue Damage and Repair, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
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Zhang T, Nie Y, Wang J. The emerging significance of mitochondrial targeted strategies in NAFLD treatment. Life Sci 2023; 329:121943. [PMID: 37454757 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most prevalent chronic liver disease worldwide, ranging from liver steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, which ultimately progresses to fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Individuals with NAFLD have a higher risk of developing cardiovascular and extrahepatic cancers. Despite the great progress being made in understanding the pathogenesis and the introduction of new pharmacological targets for NAFLD, no drug or intervention has been accepted for its management. Recent evidence suggests that NAFLD may be a mitochondrial disease, as mitochondrial dysfunction is involved in the pathological processes that lead to NAFLD. In this review, we describe the recent advances in our understanding of the mechanisms associated with mitochondrial dysfunction in NAFLD progression. Moreover, we discuss recent advances in the efficacy of mitochondria-targeted compounds (e.g., Mito-Q, MitoVit-E, MitoTEMPO, SS-31, mitochondrial uncouplers, and mitochondrial pyruvate carrier inhibitors) for treating NAFLD. Furthermore, we present some medications currently being tested in clinical trials for NAFLD treatment, such as exercise, mesenchymal stem cells, bile acids and their analogs, and antidiabetic drugs, with a focus on their efficacy in improving mitochondrial function. Based on this evidence, further investigations into the development of mitochondria-based agents may provide new and promising alternatives for NAFLD management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, China; Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
| | - Yingli Nie
- Department of Dermatology, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430014, China.
| | - Jiliang Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
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Hüttl M, Markova I, Miklánková D, Zapletalova I, Kujal P, Šilhavý J, Pravenec M, Malinska H. Hypolipidemic and insulin sensitizing effects of salsalate beyond suppressing inflammation in a prediabetic rat model. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1117683. [PMID: 37077818 PMCID: PMC10106727 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1117683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aims: Low-grade chronic inflammation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes and their complications. In this study, we investigated the effects of salsalate, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, on metabolic disturbances in an animal model of prediabetes—a strain of non-obese hereditary hypertriglyceridemic (HHTg) rats.Materials and Methods: Adult male HHTg and Wistar control rats were fed a standard diet without or with salsalate delivering a daily dose of 200 mg/kg of body weight for 6 weeks. Tissue sensitivity to insulin action was measured ex vivo according to basal and insulin-stimulated 14C-U-glucose incorporation into muscle glycogen or adipose tissue lipids. The concentration of methylglyoxal and glutathione was determined using the HPLC-method. Gene expression was measured by quantitative RT-PCR.Results: Salsalate treatment of HHTg rats when compared to their untreated controls was associated with significant amelioration of inflammation, dyslipidemia and insulin resistance. Specificaly, salsalate treatment was associated with reduced inflammation, oxidative and dicarbonyl stress when inflammatory markers, lipoperoxidation products and methylglyoxal levels were significantly decreased in serum and tissues. In addition, salsalate ameliorated glycaemia and reduced serum lipid concentrations. Insulin sensitivity in visceral adipose tissue and skeletal muscle was significantly increased after salsalate administration. Further, salsalate markedly reduced hepatic lipid accumulation (triglycerides −29% and cholesterol −14%). Hypolipidemic effects of salsalate were associated with differential expression of genes coding for enzymes and transcription factors involved in lipid synthesis (Fas, Hmgcr), oxidation (Pparα) and transport (Ldlr, Abc transporters), as well as changes in gene expression of cytochrome P450 proteins, in particular decreased Cyp7a and increased Cyp4a isoforms.Conclusion: These results demonstrate important anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects of salsalate that were associated with reduced dyslipidemia and insulin resistance in HHTg rats. Hypolipidemic effects of salsalate were associated with differential expression of genes regulating lipid metabolism in the liver. These results suggest potential beneficial use of salsalate in prediabetic patients with NAFLD symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Hüttl
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech
| | - Irena Markova
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech
| | - Denisa Miklánková
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech
| | - Iveta Zapletalova
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech
| | - Petr Kujal
- Department of Pathology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech
| | - Jan Šilhavý
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech
| | - Michal Pravenec
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech
| | - Hana Malinska
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech
- *Correspondence: Hana Malinska,
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MicroRNA-375 repression of Kruppel-like factor 5 improves angiogenesis in diabetic critical limb ischemia. Angiogenesis 2023; 26:107-127. [PMID: 36074222 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-022-09856-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is an occlusive disease of limb arteries. Critical limb ischemia (CLI) is an advanced form of PAD that is prognostically worse in subjects with diabetes and can result in limb loss, gangrene, and death, although the underlying signaling mechanisms that contribute to its development remain poorly understood. By comparing plasma samples from diabetic humans with PAD and mouse models of PAD, we identified miR-375 to be significantly downregulated in humans and mice during progression to CLI. Overexpression of miR-375 was pro-angiogenic in endothelial cells in vitro and induced endothelial migration, proliferation, sprouting, and vascular network formation, whereas miR-375 inhibition conferred anti-angiogenic effects. Intramuscular delivery of miR-375 improved blood flow recovery to diabetic mouse hindlimbs following femoral artery ligation (FAL) and improved neovessel growth and arteriogenesis in muscle tissues. Using RNA-sequencing and prediction algorithms, Kruppel-like factor 5 (KLF5) was identified as a direct target of miR-375 and siRNA knockdown of KLF5 phenocopied the effects of miR-375 overexpression in vitro and in vivo through regulatory changes in NF-kB signaling. Together, a miR-375-KLF5-NF-kB signaling axis figures prominently as a potential therapeutic pathway in the development CLI in diabetes.
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Song X, Leonhard WN, Kanhai AA, Steinberg GR, Pei Y, Peters DJM. Preclinical evaluation of tolvaptan and salsalate combination therapy in a Pkd1-mouse model. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1058825. [PMID: 36743216 PMCID: PMC9893022 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1058825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common genetic disorder and an important cause of end stage renal disease (ESRD). Tolvaptan (a V2R antagonist) is the first disease modifier drug for treatment of ADPKD, but also causes severe polyuria. AMPK activators have been shown to attenuate cystic kidney disease. Methods: In this study, we tested the efficacy of the combined administration of salsalate (a direct AMPK activator) and tolvaptan using clinically relevant doses in an adult-onset conditional Pkd1 knock-out (KO) mouse model. Results: Compared to untreated Pkd1 mutant mice, the therapeutic effects of salsalate were similar to that of tolvaptan. The combined treatment tended to be more effective than individual drugs used alone, and was associated with improved kidney survival (p < 0.0001) and reduced kidney weight to body weight ratio (p < 0.0001), cystic index (p < 0.001) and blood urea levels (p < 0.001) compared to untreated animals, although the difference between combination and single treatments was not statistically significant. Gene expression profiling and protein expression and phosphorylation analyses support the mild beneficial effects of co-treatment, and showed that tolvaptan and salsalate cooperatively attenuated kidney injury, cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, inflammation and fibrosis, and improving mitochondrial health, and cellular antioxidant response. Conclusion: These data suggest that salsalate-tolvaptan combination, if confirmed in clinical testing, might represent a promising therapeutic strategy in the treatment of ADPKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuewen Song
- Division of Nephrology, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Wouter N. Leonhard
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Anish A. Kanhai
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Gregory R. Steinberg
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - York Pei
- Division of Nephrology, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada,*Correspondence: York Pei, ; Dorien J. M. Peters,
| | - Dorien J. M. Peters
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands,*Correspondence: York Pei, ; Dorien J. M. Peters,
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Choi HE, Jeon EJ, Kim DY, Choi MJ, Yu H, Kim JI, Cheon HG. Sodium salicylate induces browning of white adipocytes via M2 macrophage polarization by HO-1 upregulation. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 928:175085. [PMID: 35679889 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Browning, a white to brown-like (beige) adipocyte conversion, offers a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of human obesity. In the present study, the effects of sodium salicylate, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, on adipocyte browning were investigated. We found sodium salicylate altered the macrophage phenotype to M2 in RAW264.7 cells, mediated by up-regulation of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and sodium salicylate-treated conditioned medium from macrophages (Sal-M2 CM) induced browning of fully differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Conversely, the conditioned medium obtained from macrophages when treated with sodium salicylate in the presence of either ZnPP (a HO-1 inhibitor) or HO-1 siRNA did not induce browning. In association with macrophage HO-1 induction by sodium salicylate, iron production also increased, and deferoxamine (an iron chelator) blunted the browning effects of Sal-M2 CM, suggesting that iron may play a role in the Sal-M2 CM-induced browning. The in vivo browning effects of sodium salicylate were confirmed in ob/ob mice, whereas in vivo macrophage depletion by clodronate as well as HO-1 blockade by either ZnPP or adeno-associated virus carrying HO-1 shRNA (AAV-HO-1 shRNA) attenuated the browning effects of sodium salicylate. These results reveal sodium salicylate induces browning in vitro and in vivo by up-regulating HO-1 thus promoting M2 polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Eun Choi
- Department of Pharmacology, Gachon University School of Medicine, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Jeong Jeon
- Department of Pharmacology, Gachon University School of Medicine, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Young Kim
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Jin Choi
- Department of Pharmacology, Gachon University School of Medicine, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Hana Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, Gachon University School of Medicine, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Jea Il Kim
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyae Gyeong Cheon
- Department of Pharmacology, Gachon University School of Medicine, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea; Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea.
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Gao P, Shen X, Zhang X, Jiang C, Zhang S, Zhou X, Schüssler-Fiorenza Rose SM, Snyder M. Precision environmental health monitoring by longitudinal exposome and multi-omics profiling. Genome Res 2022; 32:1199-1214. [PMID: 35667843 PMCID: PMC9248886 DOI: 10.1101/gr.276521.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Conventional environmental health studies have primarily focused on limited environmental stressors at the population level, which lacks the power to dissect the complexity and heterogeneity of individualized environmental exposures. Here, as a pilot case study, we integrated deep-profiled longitudinal personal exposome and internal multi-omics to systematically investigate how the exposome shapes a single individual's phenome. We annotated thousands of chemical and biological components in the personal exposome cloud and found they were significantly correlated with thousands of internal biomolecules, which was further cross-validated using corresponding clinical data. Our results showed that agrochemicals and fungi predominated in the highly diverse and dynamic personal exposome, and the biomolecules and pathways related to the individual's immune system, kidney, and liver were highly associated with the personal external exposome. Overall, this data-driven longitudinal monitoring study shows the potential dynamic interactions between the personal exposome and internal multi-omics, as well as the impact of the exposome on precision health by producing abundant testable hypotheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Gao
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94304, USA
| | - Xiaotao Shen
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94304, USA
| | - Xinyue Zhang
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94304, USA
| | - Chao Jiang
- Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Sai Zhang
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94304, USA
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94304, USA
| | | | - Michael Snyder
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94304, USA
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TAS2R expression profile in brown adipose, white adipose, skeletal muscle, small intestine, liver and common cell lines derived from mice. GENE REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2020.100763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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10
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Targeting AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) for treatment of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Cell Signal 2020; 73:109704. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Aspirin suppresses chemoresistance and enhances antitumor activity of 5-Fu in 5-Fu-resistant colorectal cancer by abolishing 5-Fu-induced NF-κB activation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16937. [PMID: 31729451 PMCID: PMC6858464 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53276-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemoresistance to 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu)-based chemotherapy is a leading obstacle in achieving effective treatment for colorectal cancer (CRC). Typically, NF-κB activation induced by the chemotherapeutics themselves is an important cause resulting in chemoresistance. Specifically, NF-κB activation can inhibit tumor cell apoptosis and induce chemoresistance. Drugs that can prevent NF-κB activation induced by chemotherapeutics are urgently needed to overcome chemoresistance. Obviously, aspirin is one of these agents, which has been demonstrated to possess antitumor activities and as an inhibitor of NF-κB. The current study aimed to investigate whether aspirin was able to overcome the chemoresistance to 5-Fu in CRC, together with the potential synergistic mechanisms. Our results suggested that aspirin remarkably potentiated the inhibitory effect of 5-Fu on the growth and invasion of resistant cells in vitro. In vivo, aspirin markedly enhanced the antitumor activity of 5-Fu in suppressing tumor growth and metastasis, and down-regulating the expression of NF-κB-regulated genes in the 5-Fu-resistant cells. Obviously, aspirin completely eradicated the 5-Fu-induced NF-κB activation, without inducing pronounced adverse effects. Taken together, findings in this study suggest that aspirin can reverse chemoresistance and potentiate the antitumor effect of 5-Fu, which is achieved through abolishing the 5-Fu-induced NF-κB activation, suggesting that aspirin may be a promising adjuvant therapeutic agent for CRC.
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Han F, Li X, Yang J, Liu H, Zhang Y, Yang X, Yang S, Chang B, Chen L, Chang B. Salsalate Prevents β-Cell Dedifferentiation in OLETF Rats with Type 2 Diabetes through Notch1 Pathway. Aging Dis 2019; 10:719-730. [PMID: 31440379 PMCID: PMC6675521 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2018.1221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A strategic approach is urgently needed to curb the growing global epidemic of diabetes. In this study, we investigated the effects and mechanisms of salsalate (SAL), an anti-inflammatory drug with anti-diabetic properties, assessing its potential to prevent diabetes in Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty rats (OLETF). All animals in our placebo group developed diabetes, whereas none in the SAL test group did so, and only 25% of SAL-treated rats displayed impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). SAL lowered levels of glucagon and raised levels of insulin in plasma, while improving both insulin sensitivity and β-cell function. The protective effect of SAL is likely due to diminished β-cell dedifferentiation, manifested as relative declines in Neurogenin 3+/insulin- cells and synaptophysin+/islet hormone- cells and increased expression of β-cell-specific transcription factor Foxo1. Both Notch1-siRNA and N-[N-(3,5-difluorophenacetyl)-1-alanyl]-S-phenylglycine t-butyl ester (DAPT; an indirect inhibitor of the Notch1 pathway) were shown to prevent β-cell dedifferentiation. Similar to DAPT, SAL effectively reduced β-cell dedifferentiation, significantly suppressing Notch1 pathway activation in INS-1 cells. The inhibitory role of SAL in β-cell dedifferentiation may thus be attributable to Notch1 pathway suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Han
- 1NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Tianjin Medical University), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University Metabolic Diseases Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaochen Li
- 1NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Tianjin Medical University), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University Metabolic Diseases Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin, China
| | - Juhong Yang
- 1NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Tianjin Medical University), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University Metabolic Diseases Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin, China
| | - Haiyi Liu
- 1NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Tianjin Medical University), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University Metabolic Diseases Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- 1NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Tianjin Medical University), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University Metabolic Diseases Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoyun Yang
- 2Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shaohua Yang
- 1NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Tianjin Medical University), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University Metabolic Diseases Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin, China
| | - Bai Chang
- 1NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Tianjin Medical University), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University Metabolic Diseases Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin, China
| | - Liming Chen
- 1NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Tianjin Medical University), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University Metabolic Diseases Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin, China
| | - Baocheng Chang
- 1NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Tianjin Medical University), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University Metabolic Diseases Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin, China
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13
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Salsalate ameliorates the atherosclerotic response through HO-1- and SIRT1-mediated suppression of ER stress and inflammation. Inflamm Res 2019; 68:655-663. [DOI: 10.1007/s00011-019-01248-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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Vizzari G, Sommariva MC, Dei Cas M, Bertoli S, Vizzuso S, Radaelli G, Battezzati A, Paroni R, Verduci E. Circulating Salicylic Acid and Metabolic Profile after 1-Year Nutritional⁻Behavioral Intervention in Children with Obesity. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11051091. [PMID: 31100916 PMCID: PMC6566552 DOI: 10.3390/nu11051091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives and Study: Salicylic acid (SA), a phenolic compound produced by plants, may play a beneficial role on health. A pilot study showed that children with obesity had lower serum SA than normal-weight children. The aim of this trial was to evaluate the effect of a 1-year nutritional–behavioral intervention on serum SA levels and to study a possible association between SA levels and metabolic profile changes in children with obesity. Methods: This was an interventional longitudinal observational uncontrolled cohort study. Forty-nine children with obesity, aged >6 years were evaluated. BMI (body mass index) z-scores were calculated. Fasting blood samples were analyzed for lipids, insulin, and glucose. The most significant metabolic variables were calculated. Serum SA was measured using a gas chromatography–mass spectrometry method. The 1-year intervention was based on the promotion of a balanced and normocaloric diet, in accordance with the national guidelines for treatment of childhood obesity. Additionally, behavioral education, based on the revised CALO-RE (Coventry, Aberdeen, and London-REfined) taxonomy, was performed. Results: At the end of intervention, children showed an increase in serum SA levels (mean (Standard Deviation, SD) 0.06 (0.02) vs. 0.09 (0.05) µmol/L; p < 0.001), a reduction of BMI z-score (3.14 (0.79) vs. 3.02 (0.82); p < 0.001), TyG index (4.52 (0.20) vs. 4.48 (0.23); p < 0.001), AIP (atherogenic index of plasma) (0.36 (0.21) vs. 0.27 (0.25); p < 0.001), and triglycerides/HDL (high density lipoprotein) cholesterol (2.57 (1.28) vs. 2.18 (1.22); p < 0.001) ratio. No statistically significant change in HOMA-IR (homeostasis model assessment index) was observed (4.20 (3.29) vs. 4.03 (2.28)). An association between the longitudinal variation of serum SA and HOMA-IR was found (correlation coefficient: −0.338, p = 0.02). Conclusion: Nutritional–behavioral intervention may improve the circulating SA and the metabolic profile in children with obesity. Serum SA could influence mainly glucose metabolism. Further larger studies are needed to evaluate whether a nutritional intervention based on specific advice regarding the quantity and type of fruit and vegetables (FV) consumption could provide benefits in terms of metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Vizzari
- Department of Pediatrics, San Paolo Hospital, Department of Health Science, University of Milan, 20142 Milan, Italy.
| | - Maria Chiara Sommariva
- Department of Pediatrics, San Paolo Hospital, Department of Health Science, University of Milan, 20142 Milan, Italy.
| | - Michele Dei Cas
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry and Mass Spectrometry, San Paolo Hospital, Department of Health Science, Universita' degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milano, Italy.
| | - Simona Bertoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Alimentari e Microbiologiche (DiSTAM), International Center for the Assessment of Nutritional Status (ICANS), Universita' degli Studi di Milano, Via G. Colombo, 60, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Sara Vizzuso
- Department of Pediatrics, San Paolo Hospital, Department of Health Science, University of Milan, 20142 Milan, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Radaelli
- Department of Pediatrics, San Paolo Hospital, Department of Health Science, University of Milan, 20142 Milan, Italy.
| | - Alberto Battezzati
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Alimentari e Microbiologiche (DiSTAM), International Center for the Assessment of Nutritional Status (ICANS), Universita' degli Studi di Milano, Via G. Colombo, 60, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Rita Paroni
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry and Mass Spectrometry, San Paolo Hospital, Department of Health Science, Universita' degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milano, Italy.
| | - Elvira Verduci
- Department of Pediatrics, San Paolo Hospital, Department of Health Science, University of Milan, 20142 Milan, Italy.
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15
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Tsalamandris S, Antonopoulos AS, Oikonomou E, Papamikroulis GA, Vogiatzi G, Papaioannou S, Deftereos S, Tousoulis D. The Role of Inflammation in Diabetes: Current Concepts and Future Perspectives. Eur Cardiol 2019; 14:50-59. [PMID: 31131037 PMCID: PMC6523054 DOI: 10.15420/ecr.2018.33.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 598] [Impact Index Per Article: 119.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a complex metabolic disorder affecting the glucose status of the human body. Chronic hyperglycaemia related to diabetes is associated with end organ failure. The clinical relationship between diabetes and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is well established. This makes therapeutic approaches that simultaneously target diabetes and atherosclerotic disease an attractive area for research. The majority of people with diabetes fall into two broad pathogenetic categories, type 1 or type 2 diabetes. The role of obesity, adipose tissue, gut microbiota and pancreatic beta cell function in diabetes are under intensive scrutiny with several clinical trials to have been completed while more are in development. The emerging role of inflammation in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes (T1D and T1D) pathophysiology and associated metabolic disorders, has generated increasing interest in targeting inflammation to improve prevention and control of the disease. After an extensive review of the possible mechanisms that drive the metabolic pattern in T1D and T2D and the inflammatory pathways that are involved, it becomes ever clearer that future research should focus on a model of combined suppression for various inflammatory response pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sotirios Tsalamandris
- First Cardiology Clinic, Hippokration General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine Athens, Greece
| | - Alexios S Antonopoulos
- First Cardiology Clinic, Hippokration General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelos Oikonomou
- First Cardiology Clinic, Hippokration General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine Athens, Greece
| | - George-Aggelos Papamikroulis
- First Cardiology Clinic, Hippokration General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine Athens, Greece
| | - Georgia Vogiatzi
- First Cardiology Clinic, Hippokration General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine Athens, Greece
| | - Spyridon Papaioannou
- First Cardiology Clinic, Hippokration General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine Athens, Greece
| | - Spyros Deftereos
- First Cardiology Clinic, Hippokration General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitris Tousoulis
- First Cardiology Clinic, Hippokration General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine Athens, Greece
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Baulin VE, Kalashnikova IP, Vikharev YB, Vikhareva EA, Baulin DV, Tsivadze AY. Phosphoryl Analogs of Salicylic Acid: Synthesis and Analgesic and Anti-Inflammatory Activity. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363218090049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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17
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Ock S, Kim HM, Lee WS, Ahn J, Kim J. Effect of sodium salicylate on COX-2 expression in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. Mol Cell Toxicol 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13273-018-0011-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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18
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Piper JD, Piper PW. Benzoate and Sorbate Salts: A Systematic Review of the Potential Hazards of These Invaluable Preservatives and the Expanding Spectrum of Clinical Uses for Sodium Benzoate. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2017; 16:868-880. [PMID: 33371618 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Sodium benzoate and potassium sorbate are extremely useful agents for food and beverage preservation, yet concerns remain over their complete safety. Benzoate can react with the ascorbic acid in drinks to produce the carcinogen benzene. A few children develop allergy to this additive while, as a competitive inhibitor of D-amino acid oxidase, benzoate can also influence neurotransmission and cognitive functioning. Model organism and cell culture studies have raised some issues. Benzoate has been found to exert teratogenic and neurotoxic effects on zebrafish embryos. In addition, benzoate and sorbate are reported to cause chromosome aberrations in cultured human lymphocytes; also to be potently mutagenic toward the mitochondrial DNA in aerobic yeast cells. Whether the substantial human consumption of these compounds could significantly increase levels of such damages in man is still unclear. There is no firm evidence that it is a risk factor in type 2 diabetes. The clinical administration of sodium benzoate is of proven benefit for many patients with urea cycle disorders, while recent studies indicate it may also be advantageous in the treatment of multiple sclerosis, schizophrenia, early-stage Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Nevertheless, exposure to high amounts of this agent should be approached with caution, especially since it has the potential to generate a shortage of glycine which, in turn, can negatively influence brain neurochemistry. We discuss here how a small fraction of the population might be rendered-either through their genes or a chronic medical condition-particularly susceptible to any adverse effects of sodium benzoate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph D Piper
- Centre for Genomics and Child Health, Blizard Inst., Queen Mary Univ. of London, London, E1 2AT, United Kingdom
| | - Peter W Piper
- Dept. of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Univ. of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, United Kingdom
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19
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Song NJ, Chang SH, Li DY, Villanueva CJ, Park KW. Induction of thermogenic adipocytes: molecular targets and thermogenic small molecules. Exp Mol Med 2017; 49:e353. [PMID: 28684864 PMCID: PMC5565954 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2017.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2016] [Revised: 12/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is a central metabolic organ that controls energy homeostasis of the whole body. White adipose tissue (WAT) stores excess energy in the form of triglycerides, whereas brown adipose tissue (BAT) dissipates energy in the form of heat through mitochondrial uncoupling protein 1 (Ucp1). A newly identified adipose tissue called 'beige fat' (BAT-like) is produced through a process called WAT browning. This tissue mainly resides in WAT depots and displays intermediate characteristics of both WAT and BAT. Since the recent discovery of BAT in the human body, along with the identification of molecular targets for BAT activation, stimulating energy expenditure has been considered as a great strategy to treat human obesity and metabolic diseases. Here we summarize recent findings regarding molecular targets and thermogenic small molecules that can stimulate BAT and increase energy expenditure, with an emphasis on possible therapeutic applications in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- No-Joon Song
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Seo-Hyuk Chang
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Dean Y Li
- Department of Medicine, Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Claudio J Villanueva
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Kye Won Park
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
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20
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Baye E, Naderpoor N, Misso M, Teede H, Moran LJ, de Courten B. Treatment with high dose salicylates improves cardiometabolic parameters: Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Metabolism 2017; 71:94-106. [PMID: 28521883 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2017.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is conflicting evidence regarding the efficacy of high dose salicylates in improving cardiometabolic risk in healthy and type 2 diabetes patients. We aimed to determine whether treatment with salicylates at an anti-inflammatory dose (≥1g daily) would improve cardiometabolic risk in healthy individuals and type 2 diabetes patients, compared to placebo. METHODS Medline, Medline-in-process, Embase, and all EBM databases were searched for studies published up to December 2016. Twenty-eight articles from 24 studies comprising 1591 participants were included. Two reviewers independently assessed the risk of bias and extracted data from included studies. Meta-analyses using random-effects model were used to analyze the data. RESULTS High dose salicylates (≥3g/d) decreased fasting glucose (MD -0.4mmol/l, 95% CI -0.54, -0.27) and glucose area under the curve (MD -0.41mmol/l, 95% CI -0.81, -0.01). Salicylates (≥3g/d) also increased fasting insulin (MD 2.4 μU/ml, 95% CI 0.3, 4.4), 2-h insulin (MD 25.4 μU/ml, 95% CI 8.2, 42.6), insulin secretion (MD 79.2, 95% CI 35, 123) but decreased fasting C-peptide (MD -0.11nmol/l, 95% CI -0.2, -0.04), insulin clearance (MD -0.26l/min, 95% CI -0.36, -0.16) and triglycerides (MD -0.36mmol/l, 95% CI -0.51, -0.21) and increased total adiponectin (MD 1.97μg/ml, 95% CI 0.99, 2.95). A lower salicylate dose (1-2.9g) did not change any cardiometabolic parameters (p>0.1). No significant difference was observed between those receiving salicylates and placebo following withdrawal due to adverse events. CONCLUSIONS High dose salicylates appear to improve cardiometabolic risk factors in healthy individuals and type 2 diabetes patients. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42015029826.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estifanos Baye
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, 43-51 Kanooka Grove, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Negar Naderpoor
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, 43-51 Kanooka Grove, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia; Diabetes and Vascular Medicine Unit, Monash Health, Locked Bag 29, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Marie Misso
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, 43-51 Kanooka Grove, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Helena Teede
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, 43-51 Kanooka Grove, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia; Diabetes and Vascular Medicine Unit, Monash Health, Locked Bag 29, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Lisa J Moran
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, 43-51 Kanooka Grove, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Barbora de Courten
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, 43-51 Kanooka Grove, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia; Diabetes and Vascular Medicine Unit, Monash Health, Locked Bag 29, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia.
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21
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Lassandro C, Banderali G, Mariani B, Battezzati A, Diaferio L, Miniello VL, Radaelli G, Verduci E. Serum salicylic acid and fruit and vegetable consumption in obese and normal-weight children: a pilot-study. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2016; 68:473-478. [PMID: 27806656 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2016.1249829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Salicylic acid (SA), a phenolic compound produced by plants, may play a beneficial role on health. This pilot study evaluated whether there might be an association between serum SA and fruit and vegetable (FV) consumption in obese and normal-weight children. Thirty-four obese children (17 boys and 17 girls) and 34 normal-weight children were recruited. Dietary intake was evaluated by the 7-day dietary record. Serum SA was measured using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method. FV intake in obese and normal-weight children was not different between groups (175.00 (97.66) g versus 192.29 (90.54) g, p = .455). Obese children had lower serum SA than normal-weight children [mean difference, -0.025; 95% CI (-0.044; -0.006) μmol/L]. Serum SA was not associated with daily intake of FV in obese (p = .111) and normal-weight (p = .092) children. Further studies are needed to evaluate the role of FV on serum SA, taking into account also the quantity and the type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlotta Lassandro
- a Department of Paediatrics , San Paolo Hospital , Department of Health Science (DISS) , University of Milan , Milan , Italy.,b PhD School in Nutritional Sciences, University of Milano , Milan , Italy
| | - Giuseppe Banderali
- a Department of Paediatrics , San Paolo Hospital , Department of Health Science (DISS) , University of Milan , Milan , Italy
| | - Benedetta Mariani
- a Department of Paediatrics , San Paolo Hospital , Department of Health Science (DISS) , University of Milan , Milan , Italy
| | - Alberto Battezzati
- c Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS) , University of Milan , Milan , Italy
| | - Lucia Diaferio
- d Department of Paediatrics , Aldo Moro University of Bari, Giovanni XXIII Hospital , Bari , Italy
| | - Vito Leonardo Miniello
- d Department of Paediatrics , Aldo Moro University of Bari, Giovanni XXIII Hospital , Bari , Italy
| | - Giovanni Radaelli
- a Department of Paediatrics , San Paolo Hospital , Department of Health Science (DISS) , University of Milan , Milan , Italy
| | - Elvira Verduci
- a Department of Paediatrics , San Paolo Hospital , Department of Health Science (DISS) , University of Milan , Milan , Italy
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22
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Osorio FG, Soria-Valles C, Santiago-Fernández O, Freije JMP, López-Otín C. NF-κB signaling as a driver of ageing. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 326:133-74. [PMID: 27572128 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
NF-κB signaling exerts essential roles in immunity and cellular stress responses, regulating many functions related with organism innate defense. Besides, NF-κB altered signaling has been causally linked to ageing and diverse pathological conditions. We discuss herein the functional involvement of this signaling pathway in ageing, visiting recent experimental evidence about NF-κB activation in this complex process, its functional consequences and the novel biological functions raised from these works. Moreover, we discuss ageing intervention strategies based on NF-κB inhibition, which have demonstrated to be effective at delaying and even reverting different ageing manifestations in human and mouse models of both normal and accelerated ageing. Altogether, the current evidence supports that NF-κB activation constitutes a driving force of the ageing process and a preferential target for rejuvenation-aimed approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- F G Osorio
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - C Soria-Valles
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - O Santiago-Fernández
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - J M P Freije
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - C López-Otín
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.
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Cavalcante-Silva LHA, Galvão JGFM, da Silva JSDF, de Sales-Neto JM, Rodrigues-Mascarenhas S. Obesity-Driven Gut Microbiota Inflammatory Pathways to Metabolic Syndrome. Front Physiol 2015; 6:341. [PMID: 26635627 PMCID: PMC4652019 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2015.00341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The intimate interplay between immune system, metabolism, and gut microbiota plays an important role in controlling metabolic homeostasis and possible obesity development. Obesity involves impairment of immune response affecting both innate and adaptive immunity. The main factors involved in the relationship of obesity with inflammation have not been completely elucidated. On the other hand, gut microbiota, via innate immune receptors, has emerged as one of the key factors regulating events triggering acute inflammation associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome. Inflammatory disorders lead to several signaling transduction pathways activation, inflammatory cytokine, chemokine production and cell migration, which in turn cause metabolic dysfunction. Inflamed adipose tissue, with increased macrophages infiltration, is associated with impaired preadipocyte development and differentiation to mature adipose cells, leading to ectopic lipid accumulation and insulin resistance. This review focuses on the relationship between obesity and inflammation, which is essential to understand the pathological mechanisms governing metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz H A Cavalcante-Silva
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal da Paraíba João Pessoa, Brasil
| | - José G F M Galvão
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal da Paraíba João Pessoa, Brasil
| | - Juliane Santos de França da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos, Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba João Pessoa, Brasil
| | - José M de Sales-Neto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal da Paraíba João Pessoa, Brasil
| | - Sandra Rodrigues-Mascarenhas
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal da Paraíba João Pessoa, Brasil ; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos, Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba João Pessoa, Brasil ; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal da Paraíba João Pessoa, Brasil
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24
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Chen K, Jih A, Kavaler ST, Lagakos WS, Oh D, Watkins SM, Kim JJ. Dual actions of a novel bifunctional compound to lower glucose in mice with diet-induced insulin resistance. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2015; 309:E293-301. [PMID: 26058862 PMCID: PMC4525113 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00045.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA 22:6n-3) and salicylate are both known to exert anti-inflammatory effects. This study investigated the effects of a novel bifunctional drug compound consisting of DHA and salicylate linked together by a small molecule that is stable in plasma but hydrolyzed in the cytoplasm. The components of the bifunctional compound acted synergistically to reduce inflammation mediated via nuclear factor κB in cultured macrophages. Notably, oral administration of the bifunctional compound acted in two distinct ways to mitigate hyperglycemia in high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance. In mice with diet-induced obesity, the compound lowered blood glucose by reducing hepatic insulin resistance. It also had an immediate glucose-lowering effect that was secondary to enhanced glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secretion and abrogated by the administration of exendin(9-39), a GLP-1 receptor antagonist. These results suggest that the bifunctional compound could be an effective treatment for individuals with type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance. This strategy could also be employed in other disease conditions characterized by chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Alice Jih
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Sarah T Kavaler
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - William S Lagakos
- Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Dayoung Oh
- Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | | | - Jane J Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California; Rady Children's Hospital of San Diego, San Diego, California
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25
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van Dam AD, Nahon KJ, Kooijman S, van den Berg SM, Kanhai AA, Kikuchi T, Heemskerk MM, van Harmelen V, Lombès M, van den Hoek AM, de Winther MPJ, Lutgens E, Guigas B, Rensen PCN, Boon MR. Salsalate activates brown adipose tissue in mice. Diabetes 2015; 64:1544-54. [PMID: 25475439 DOI: 10.2337/db14-1125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Salsalate improves glucose intolerance and dyslipidemia in type 2 diabetes patients, but the mechanism is still unknown. The aim of the current study was to unravel the molecular mechanisms involved in these beneficial metabolic effects of salsalate by treating mice with salsalate during and after development of high-fat diet-induced obesity. We found that salsalate attenuated and reversed high-fat diet-induced weight gain, in particular fat mass accumulation, improved glucose tolerance, and lowered plasma triglyceride levels. Mechanistically, salsalate selectively promoted the uptake of fatty acids from glycerol tri[(3)H]oleate-labeled lipoprotein-like emulsion particles by brown adipose tissue (BAT), decreased the intracellular lipid content in BAT, and increased rectal temperature, all pointing to more active BAT. The treatment of differentiated T37i brown adipocytes with salsalate increased uncoupled respiration. Moreover, salsalate upregulated Ucp1 expression and enhanced glycerol release, a dual effect that was abolished by the inhibition of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA). In conclusion, salsalate activates BAT, presumably by directly activating brown adipocytes via the PKA pathway, suggesting a novel mechanism that may explain its beneficial metabolic effects in type 2 diabetes patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea D van Dam
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Kimberly J Nahon
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Sander Kooijman
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Susan M van den Berg
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anish A Kanhai
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Takuya Kikuchi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Mattijs M Heemskerk
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden, the Netherlands Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Vanessa van Harmelen
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden, the Netherlands Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Marc Lombès
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 693, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Anita M van den Hoek
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Menno P J de Winther
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Esther Lutgens
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig Maximilian's University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Bruno Guigas
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Patrick C N Rensen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Mariëtte R Boon
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden, the Netherlands
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Esser N, Paquot N, Scheen AJ. Anti-inflammatory agents to treat or prevent type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2014; 24:283-307. [PMID: 25345753 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2015.974804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is a growing body of evidence to suggest that chronic silent inflammation is a key feature in abdominal obesity, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). These observations suggest that pharmacological strategies, which reduce inflammation, may be therapeutically useful in treating obesity, type 2 diabetes and associated CVD. AREA COVERED The article covers novel strategies, using either small molecules or monoclonal antibodies. These strategies include: approaches targeting IKK-b-NF-kB (salicylates, salsalate), TNF-α (etanercept, infliximab, adalimumab), IL-1β (anakinra, canakinumab) and IL-6 (tocilizumab), AMP-activated protein kinase activators, sirtuin-1 activators, mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors and C-C motif chemokine receptor 2 antagonists. EXPERT OPINION The available data supports the concept that targeting inflammation improves insulin sensitivity and β-cell function; it also ameliorates glucose control in insulin-resistant patients with inflammatory rheumatoid diseases as well in patients with metabolic syndrome or T2DM. Although promising, the observed metabolic effects remain rather modest in most clinical trials. The potential use of combined anti-inflammatory agents targeting both insulin resistance and insulin secretion appears appealing but remains unexplored. Large-scale prospective clinical trials are underway to investigate the safety and efficacy of different anti-inflammatory drugs. Further evidence is needed to support the concept that targeting inflammation pathways may represent a valuable option to tackle the cardiometabolic complications of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Esser
- University of Liege and Division of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Disorders, Department of Medicine, Virology and Immunology Unit, GIGA-ST , CHU Liège, Liège , Belgium
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Impact of high glucose concentration on aspirin-induced acetylation of human serum albumin: An in vitro study. EUPA OPEN PROTEOMICS 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.euprot.2014.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Alevizos M, Karagkouni A, Panagiotidou S, Vasiadi M, Theoharides TC. Stress triggers coronary mast cells leading to cardiac events. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2014; 112:309-16. [PMID: 24428962 PMCID: PMC4288814 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2013.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Revised: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Stress precipitates and worsens not only asthma and atopic dermatitis but also acute coronary syndromes (ACSs), which are associated with coronary inflammation. Evidence linking stress to ACS was reviewed and indicated that activation of coronary mast cells (MCs) by stress, through corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and other neuropeptides, contributes to coronary inflammation and coronary artery disease. DATA SOURCES PubMed was searched (2005-2013) for articles using the following keywords: allergies, anaphylaxis, anxiety, coronary arteries, coronary artery disease, C-reactive protein, cytokines, chymase, histamine, hypersensitivity, interleukin-6 (IL-6), inflammation, mast cells, myocardial ischemia, niacin, platelet-activating factor, rupture, spasm, statins, stress, treatment, tryptase, and uroctortin. STUDY SELECTIONS Articles were selected based on their relevance to how stress affects ACS and how it activates coronary MCs, leading to coronary hypersensitivity, inflammation, and coronary artery disease. RESULTS Stress can precipitate allergies and ACS. Stress stimulates MCs through the activation of high-affinity surface receptors for CRH, leading to a CRH-dependent increase in serum IL-6. Moreover, neurotensin secreted with CRH from peripheral nerves augments the effect of CRH and stimulates cardiac MCs to release IL-6, which is elevated in ACS and is an independent risk factor for myocardial ischemia. MCs also secrete CRH and uroctortin, which induces IL-6 release from cardiomyocytes. The presence of atherosclerosis increases the risk of cardiac MC activation owing to the stimulatory effect of lipoproteins and adipocytokines. Conditions such as Kounis syndrome, mastocytosis, and myalgic encephalopathy/chronic fatigue syndrome are particularly prone to coronary hypersensitivity reactions. CONCLUSION Inhibition of cardiac MCs may be a novel treatment approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michail Alevizos
- Molecular Immunopharmacology and Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology and Pathobiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; Present address: Department of Internal Medicine, Jacoby Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Anna Karagkouni
- Molecular Immunopharmacology and Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology and Pathobiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; Present address: Department of Psychiatry, Westchester Hospital, Mt Kisco, New York
| | - Smaro Panagiotidou
- Molecular Immunopharmacology and Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology and Pathobiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Magdalini Vasiadi
- Molecular Immunopharmacology and Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology and Pathobiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Theoharis C Theoharides
- Molecular Immunopharmacology and Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology and Pathobiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Internal Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Biochemistry, Tufts University School of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Psychiatry, Tufts University School of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts.
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Callaghan B, Feldman E. The metabolic syndrome and neuropathy: therapeutic challenges and opportunities. Ann Neurol 2013; 74:397-403. [PMID: 23929529 DOI: 10.1002/ana.23986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2013] [Revised: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The metabolic syndrome and neuropathy are common conditions, especially in the elderly, that are associated with significant morbidity. Furthermore, the metabolic syndrome is reaching epidemic proportions across the world. Current evidence supports the association of the metabolic syndrome and its individual components with neuropathy. Several clinical trials have demonstrated that treating hyperglycemia, a component of the metabolic syndrome, has a significant effect on reducing the incidence of neuropathy in those with type 1 diabetes. However, glucose control has only a marginal effect on preventing neuropathy in those with type 2 diabetes, suggesting that other factors may be driving nerve injury in these patients. Emerging evidence supports the metabolic syndrome as including risk factors for neuropathy. Interventions exist for treatment of all of the metabolic syndrome components, but only glucose control has strong evidence to support its use and is widely employed. Our understanding of the biology of metabolic nerve injury has rapidly expanded over the past several years. Mechanisms of injury include fatty deposition in nerves, extracellular protein glycation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative stress. Additionally, the activation of counter-regulatory signaling pathways leads to chronic metabolic inflammation. Medications that target these signaling pathways are being used for a variety of diseases and are intriguing therapeutic agents for future neuropathy clinical trials. As we move forward, we need to expand our understanding of the association between the metabolic syndrome and neuropathy by addressing limitations of previous studies. Just as importantly, we must continue to investigate the pathophysiology of metabolically induced nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Callaghan
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
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Yang C, Jurczyk A, diIorio P, Norowski E, Brehm MA, Grant CW, Guberski DL, Greiner DL, Bortell R. Salicylate prevents virus-induced type 1 diabetes in the BBDR rat. PLoS One 2013; 8:e78050. [PMID: 24147110 PMCID: PMC3797740 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiologic and clinical evidence suggests that virus infection plays an important role in human type 1 diabetes pathogenesis. We used the virus-inducible BioBreeding Diabetes Resistant (BBDR) rat to investigate the ability of sodium salicylate, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), to modulate development of type 1 diabetes. BBDR rats treated with Kilham rat virus (KRV) and polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (pIC, a TLR3 agonist) develop diabetes at nearly 100% incidence by ~2 weeks. We found distinct temporal profiles of the proinflammatory serum cytokines, IL-1β, IL-6, IFN-γ, IL-12, and haptoglobin (an acute phase protein) in KRV+pIC treated rats. Significant elevations of IL-1β and IL-12, coupled with sustained elevations of haptoglobin, were specific to KRV+pIC and not found in rats co-treated with pIC and H1, a non-diabetogenic virus. Salicylate administered concurrently with KRV+pIC inhibited the elevations in IL-1β, IL-6, IFN-γ and haptoglobin almost completely, and reduced IL-12 levels significantly. Salicylate prevented diabetes in a dose-dependent manner, and diabetes-free animals had no evidence of insulitis. Our data support an important role for innate immunity in virus-induced type 1 diabetes pathogenesis. The ability of salicylate to prevent diabetes in this robust animal model demonstrates its potential use to prevent or attenuate human autoimmune diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoxing Yang
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Agata Jurczyk
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Philip diIorio
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Elaine Norowski
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Michael A. Brehm
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Christian W. Grant
- Biomedical Research Models, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Dennis L. Guberski
- Biomedical Research Models, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Dale L. Greiner
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Rita Bortell
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
- *E-mail:
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Faghihimani E, Aminorroaya A, Rezvanian H, Adibi P, Ismail-Beigi F, Amini M. Salsalate improves glycemic control in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes. Acta Diabetol 2013; 50:537-43. [PMID: 21938543 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-011-0329-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2011] [Accepted: 09/08/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation contributes to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We investigated whether treatment with salsalate, an anti-inflammatory medication, improves glycemia in a group of newly diagnosed drug-naïve patients with T2DM. The study was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Diagnosis of T2DM was made within 2 months of enrollment, and participants had not received any anti-glycemic agent. Sixty adults were randomized to receive salsalate (3 g/day) or placebo for 12 weeks. Fasting plasma glucose and insulin, glucose 2 h after 75 g oral glucose, HbA1C, lipid profile, HOMA-IR, and HOMA-B were determined before and after treatment. Salsalate reduced fasting glucose from 6.3 ± 0.2 mmol/l to 5.4 ± 0.2 mmol/l (P < 0.01) and TG from 1.9 ± 0.2 mmol/l to 1.5 ± 0.2 mmol/l (P < 0.03). Fasting insulin levels were increased in the salsalate group from 18.8 ± 1.6 to 21.6 ± 3.9, while they decreased in the placebo group. HbA1c rose in the placebo group from 6.2% ± 0.2 to 7.9% ± 1.1 mmol/mol, but decreased in the intervention group from 6.1% ± 0.5 to 5.6% ± 0.2 mmol/mol (P < 0.04 for between-group comparison). HOMA-IR did not change but HOMA-B increased ~1.7-fold (P = 0.06) in the salsalate group. The results show that salsalate is effective in improving glycemic control in newly diagnosed naïve patients with T2DM. The optimal duration of treatment with salsalate and sustainability of its effect requires further study (IRCT138709011465N1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Faghihimani
- Isfahan Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran,
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Salicylates and the Microbiota: A New Mechanistic Understanding of an Ancient Drug's Role in Dermatological and Gastrointestinal Disease. Drug Dev Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is increasingly common worldwide. Related complications account for increased morbidity and mortality, and enormous healthcare spending. Knowledge of the pathophysiological derangements involved in the occurrence of diabetes and related complications is critical for successful prevention and control solutions. Epidemiologic studies have established an association between inflammatory biomarkers and the occurrence of T2DM and complications. Adipose tissue appears to be a major site of production of those inflammatory biomarkers, as a result of the cross-talk between adipose cells, macrophages, and other immune cells that infiltrate the expanding adipose tissue. The triggering mechanisms of the inflammation in T2DM are still ill-understood. Inflammatory response likely contributes to T2DM occurrence by causing insulin resistance, and is in turn intensified in the presence of hyperglycemia to promote long-term complications of diabetes. Targeting inflammatory pathways could possibly be a component of the strategies to prevent and control diabetes and related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Lontchi-Yimagou
- Laboratory for Molecular and Metabolic Diseases, Biotechnology Center, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon
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Maradana MR, Thomas R, O'Sullivan BJ. Targeted delivery of curcumin for treating type 2 diabetes. Mol Nutr Food Res 2013; 57:1550-6. [PMID: 23495213 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201200791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Revised: 01/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is a chronic condition in which cells have reduced insulin signalling, leading to hyperglycemia and long-term complications, including heart, kidney and liver disease. Macrophages activated by dying or stressed cells, induce the transcription factor nuclear factor kappa-B leading to the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines including TNF and IL-6. These inflammatory macrophages in liver and adipose tissue promote insulin resistance, and medications which reduce inflammation and enhance insulin signalling improve glucose control. Curcumin is an anti-oxidant and nuclear factor kappa-B inhibitor derived from turmeric. A number of studies have shown that dietary curcumin reduces inflammation and delays or prevents obesity-induced insulin resistance and associated complications, including atherosclerosis and immune mediate liver disease. Unfortunately dietary curcumin is poorly absorbed by the digestive system and undergoes glucuronidation and excretion rather than being released into the serum and systemically distributed. This confounds understanding of how dietary curcumin exerts its beneficial effects in type 2 diabetes and associated diseases. New improved methods of delivering curcumin are being developed including nanoparticles and lipid/liposome formulations that increase absorption and bioavailability of curcumin. Development and refinement of these technologies will enable cell-directed targeting of curcumin and improved therapeutic outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muralidhara Rao Maradana
- Diamantina Institute for Cancer, Immunology and Metabolic Medicine, University of Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Fang F, Lu Y, Ma DL, Du TT, Shao SY, Yu XF. A meta-analysis of salicylates for type 2 diabetes mellitus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 33:1-14. [DOI: 10.1007/s11596-013-1063-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Ouimet MA, Snyder SS, Uhrich KE. Tunable drug release profiles from salicylate-based poly(anhydride-ester) matrices using small molecule admixtures. J BIOACT COMPAT POL 2012; 27:540-549. [PMID: 24078768 PMCID: PMC3782750 DOI: 10.1177/0883911512464605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Poly(anhydride-esters) with salicylic acid, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, chemically incorporated into the polymer backbone provide high inherent drug loading. These poly(anhydride-esters) hydrolytically degrade to release salicylic acid over extended time periods (>30 days); however, an initial lag period of no salicylic acid release is observed. This lag period could be unfavorable in applications where immediate salicylic acid release is desired. Poly(anhydride-esters) with short (2 days) and long (11 days) lag periods were admixed with various small molecules as a means to shorten or eliminate the lag period. Salicylic acid, larger salicylic acid prodrugs, and 1:1 combinations of the two were physically admixed, each at 1%, 5%, and 10% (w/w). All admixtures resulted in immediate salicylic acid release and a decrease in glass transition temperatures compared to polymer alone. By varying the amounts of salicylic acid and salicylic acid prodrugs incorporated into the polymer matrix, immediate and constant salicylic acid release profiles over varied time periods were achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle A Ouimet
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Sabrina S Snyder
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Kathryn E Uhrich
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
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HOU CUIFEN, SUI ZHIHUA. CCR2 Antagonists for the Treatment of Diseases Associated with Inflammation. ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUG DISCOVERY 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/9781849735346-00350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The CCR2 and MCP-1 pathway has become one of the most-studied chemokine systems for therapeutic use in inflammatory diseases and conditions. It plays a pivotal role in inflammatory diseases, especially those that are characterized by monocyte-rich infiltration. This chapter reviews the biology of CCR2 and MCP-1, and their roles in diseases and conditions related to inflammation such as rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, asthma, obesity, type 2 diabetes, atherosclerosis, nephropathy, cancer, pulmonary fibrosis and pain. Intense drug-discovery efforts over the past 15 years have generated a large number of CCR2 antagonists in diverse structural classes. Mutagenesis studies have elucidated important residues on CCR2 that interact with many classes of these CCR2 antagonists. To facilitate understanding of CCR2 antagonist SAR, a simple pharmacophore model is used to summarize the large number of diverse chemical structures. The majority of published compounds are classified based on their central core structures using this model. Key SAR points in the published literature are briefly discussed for most of the series. Lead compounds in each chemical series are highlighted where information is available. The challenges in drug discovery and development of CCR2 antagonists are briefly discussed. Clinical candidates in various diseases in the public domain are summarized with a brief discussion about the clinical challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- CUIFEN HOU
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development Welsh and McKean Roads, Spring House, PA 19477 USA
| | - ZHIHUA SUI
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development Welsh and McKean Roads, Spring House, PA 19477 USA
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Braun FK, Al-Yacoub N, Plötz M, Möbs M, Sterry W, Eberle J. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs induce apoptosis in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma cells and enhance their sensitivity for TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand. J Invest Dermatol 2011; 132:429-39. [PMID: 22011910 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2011.316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCL) form a heterogeneous group of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas of the skin. In previous studies, we had characterized CTCL cells as resistant to the death ligand tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), which correlated to pronounced expression of the caspase-8/-10 inhibitor c-FLIP. For identification of proapoptotic strategies in CTCL cells and for overcoming their death ligand resistance, we investigated the effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as acetylsalicylic acid, sodium salicylate, and diclofenac (DF). These drugs strongly enhanced apoptosis, as well as decreased CTCL cell proliferation and vitality, and DF furthermore sensitized for TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Full activation of the caspase cascade (caspase-3, -8, -9) and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential were characteristic for NSAID treatment, whereas cytochrome c release was seen only for DF. Downregulation of Mcl-1 and enhanced surface expression of TRAIL were seen in response to NSAIDs. Most characteristic for apoptosis induction was the downregulation of c-FLIP. In agreement with the critical role of c-FLIP for apoptosis deficiency of CTCL cells, its overexpression decreased NSAID-mediated apoptosis and its downregulation by small hairpin RNA-enhanced apoptosis. The study provides a rationale for the use of NSAIDs as a new therapeutic option for CTCL patients. Supporting this concept, ex vivo lymphoma cells of CTCL patients also revealed significant sensitivity for NSAID treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank K Braun
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Skin Cancer Center Charité (HTCC), Charité-University Medical Center Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Theoharides TC, Sismanopoulos N, Delivanis DA, Zhang B, Hatziagelaki EE, Kalogeromitros D. Mast cells squeeze the heart and stretch the gird: their role in atherosclerosis and obesity. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2011; 32:534-42. [PMID: 21741097 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2011.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2011] [Revised: 05/18/2011] [Accepted: 05/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Mast cells are crucial for the development of allergic and anaphylactic reactions, but they are also involved in acquired and innate immunity. Increasing evidence now implicates mast cells in inflammatory diseases through activation by non-allergic triggers such as neuropeptides and cytokines. This review discusses how mast cells contribute to the inflammatory processes associated with coronary artery disease and obesity. Animal models indicate that mast cells, through the secretion of various vasoactive mediators, cytokines and proteinases, contribute to coronary plaque progression and destabilization, as well as to diet-induced obesity and diabetes. Understanding how mast cells participate in these inflammatory processes could help in the development of unique inhibitors with novel therapeutic applications for these diseases, which constitute the greatest current threat to global human health and welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theoharis C Theoharides
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunopharmacology and Drug Discovery, Department of Molecular Physiology and Pharmacology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
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Bibliography. Current world literature. Adrenal cortex. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 2011; 18:231-3. [PMID: 21522003 DOI: 10.1097/med.0b013e3283457c7d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Goswami SK, Jain S, Chudasama H, Santani D. Potential pharmacodynamic drug-drug interaction between concomitantly administered lisinopril and diclofenac sodium: a call for appropriate management in hypertensive osteoarthritic patients. DRUG METABOLISM AND DRUG INTERACTIONS 2011; 26:127-137. [PMID: 21980964 DOI: 10.1515/dmdi.2011.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study was designed as an open label, multiple-dose, randomized, parallel trial to evaluate the pharmacodynamic drug-drug interaction of lisinopril and concomitantly administered diclofenac sodium in non-diabetic and diabetic, mild to moderate hypertensive, osteoarthritic patients. METHODS Post-screening and on inclusion, patients were put on a 2-week washout period and then randomly assigned to either only lisinopril 10 mg or combination of lisinopril 10 mg and diclofenac sodium 100 mg treatments for 8-12 weeks in diseased states of hypertension and osteoarthritis with or without type 2 diabetes mellitus. RESULTS The blood pressure (BP) control with lisinopril was reduced by concomitantly administered diclofenac sodium in non-diabetic (SBP: p=0.00002; DBP: p=0.000008) and diabetic (SBP: p=0.002; DBP: p=0.001) patients when compared with the patients receiving lisinopril alone. Insulin sensitivity was improved (p=0.00002) and urinary albumin excretion rate was better controlled (p=0.0096) in lisinopril-treated patients when compared with the combination treatment in diabetic pool. Serum creatinine levels increased significantly in non-diabetic patients (p=0.00004) receiving combination treatment. In addition, creatinine clearance (CLCR) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were significantly higher in diabetic (CLCR: p<0.00001; BUN: p=0.0098) as well as in non-diabetic (CLCR: p<0.00001; BUN: p=0.03) patients treated with combination treatment. The alterations in serum electrolytes, reduction in % platelet aggregation activity and improvement in lipid profile was more profound with combination treatment in comparison to lisinopril alone. CONCLUSIONS The antihypertensive efficacy and insulin sensitivity improving property of lisinopril along with the renal function might get worse in hypertensive osteoarthritic patients receiving concomitant treatment of oral diclofenac sodium with lisinopril. In addition to this, close monitoring of serum electrolytes is also suggested to rule out any long-term detrimental effect.
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