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Sanyal S, Rajput S, Sadhukhan S, Rajender S, Mithal A, Chattopadhyay N. Polymorphisms in the Runx2 and osteocalcin genes affect BMD in postmenopausal women: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Endocrine 2024; 84:63-75. [PMID: 38055125 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-023-03621-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Runx2 and osteocalcin have pivotal roles in bone homeostasis. Polymorphism of these two genes could alter the function of osteoblasts and consequently bone mineral density (BMD). Attempts to understand the relationship between these polymorphisms and BMD in postmenopausal women across a variety of populations have yielded inconsistent results. This meta-analysis seeks to define the relationship between these polymorphisms with BMD in postmenopausal women. METHODS Eligible studies were identified from three electronic databases. Data were extracted from the eligible studies (4 studies on Runx2 and 6 studies on osteocalcin), and associations of Runx2 T > C and osteocalcin HindIII polymorphisms with BMD in postmenopausal women were assessed using standard difference in means (SDM) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) as statistical measures. RESULTS A significant difference in the lumbar spine (LS) BMD in postmenopausal women was observed between the TT and CC homozygotes for the Runx2 T > C (SDM = -0.445, p-value = 0.034). The mutant genotypes (CC) showed significantly lower LS BMD in comparison to wild type genotypes under recessive model of genetic analysis (TC + TT vs. CC: SDM = -0.451, p-value = 0.032). For osteocalcin, HindIII polymorphism, the mutant genotypes (HH) was associated with significantly higher BMD for both LS and femoral neck (FN) than the wild type (hh) homozygotes (SDM = 0.152, p-value = 0.008 and SDM = 0.139, p-value = 0.016 for LS and FN, respectively). There was no association between total hip (TH) BMD and the osteocalcin HindIII polymorphism. CONCLUSIONS Runx2 T > C and osteocalcin HindIII polymorphisms influence the level of BMD in postmenopausal women and may be used as predictive markers of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somali Sanyal
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow Campus, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226018, India.
| | - Swati Rajput
- Division of Endocrinology and Centre for Research in Anabolic Skeletal Targets in Health and Illness (ASTHI), CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Sreyanko Sadhukhan
- Division of Endocrinology and Centre for Research in Anabolic Skeletal Targets in Health and Illness (ASTHI), CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Singh Rajender
- Division of Endocrinology and Centre for Research in Anabolic Skeletal Targets in Health and Illness (ASTHI), CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Ambrish Mithal
- Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Max Healthcare, Institutional Area, Press Enclave Road, Saket, New Delhi, India.
| | - Naibedya Chattopadhyay
- Division of Endocrinology and Centre for Research in Anabolic Skeletal Targets in Health and Illness (ASTHI), CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
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2
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Smit A, Meijer O, Winter E. The multi-faceted nature of age-associated osteoporosis. Bone Rep 2024; 20:101750. [PMID: 38566930 PMCID: PMC10985042 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2024.101750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Age-associated osteoporosis (AAOP) poses a significant health burden, characterized by increased fracture risk due to declining bone mass and strength. Effective prevention and early treatment strategies are crucial to mitigate the disease burden and the associated healthcare costs. Current therapeutic approaches effectively target the individual contributing factors to AAOP. Nonetheless, the management of AAOP is complicated by the multitude of variables that affect its development. Main intrinsic and extrinsic factors contributing to AAOP risk are reviewed here, including mechanical unloading, nutrient deficiency, hormonal disbalance, disrupted metabolism, cognitive decline, inflammation and circadian disruption. Furthermore, it is discussed how these can be targeted for prevention and treatment. Although valuable as individual targets for intervention, the interconnectedness of these risk factors result in a unique etiology for every patient. Acknowledgement of the multifaceted nature of AAOP will enable the development of more effective and sustainable management strategies, based on a holistic, patient-centered approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- A.E. Smit
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - O.C. Meijer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - E.M. Winter
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Department of Medicine, Center for Bone Quality, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
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3
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Tian N, Chen S, Han H, Jin J, Li Z. Association between triglyceride glucose index and total bone mineral density: a cross-sectional study from NHANES 2011-2018. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4208. [PMID: 38378872 PMCID: PMC10879154 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54192-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The Homeostatic Model Assessment for Triglyceride Glucose Index (TyG) and its related indices, including triglyceride glucose-waist circumference (TyG-WC), triglyceride glucose-waist-to-height ratio (TyG-WHtR) and triglyceride glucose-body mass index (TyG-BMI), has emerged as a practical tool for assessing insulin resistance in metabolic disorders. However, limited studies have explored the connection between TyG, TyG-related indices and osteoporosis. This population-based study, utilizing data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011-2018, involved 5456 participants. Through weighted multivariate linear regression and smoothed curve fitting, a significant positive correlation was found between TyG, TyG-related indices and total bone mineral density (BMD) after adjusting for covariates [β = 0.0124, 95% CI (0.0006, 0.0242), P = 0.0390; β = 0.0004, 95% CI (0.0003, 0.0004), P < 0.0001; β = 0.0116, 95% CI (0.0076, 0.0156), P < 0.0001; β = 0.0001, 95% CI (0.0001, 0.0001), P < 0.0001]. In subgroup analysis, race stratification significantly affected the relationship between TyG and total BMD. Additionally, gender and race were both significant for TyG-related indices. Non-linear relationships and threshold effects with inflection points at 9.106, 193.9265, 4.065, and 667.5304 (TyG, TyG-BMI, TyG-WHtR, TyG-WC) were identified. Saturation phenomena were observed between TyG-BMI, TyG-WC and total BMD with saturation thresholds at 314.177 and 1022.0428. These findings contributed to understanding the association between TyG, TyG-related indices and total BMD, offering insights for osteoporosis prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningsheng Tian
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No.23, Nanhu Road, Jianye District, Nanjing, 210017, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No.23, Nanhu Road, Jianye District, Nanjing, 210017, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Huawei Han
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No.23, Nanhu Road, Jianye District, Nanjing, 210017, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Jin
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No.23, Nanhu Road, Jianye District, Nanjing, 210017, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiwei Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No.23, Nanhu Road, Jianye District, Nanjing, 210017, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.
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4
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The Effects of a Physical Education Intervention Program on the Bone Properties of Second- and Third-Grade Pupils: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial. J Phys Act Health 2022; 19:425-435. [PMID: 35618299 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2021-0782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many young children do not participate in sufficient physical activity for promoting optimal bone growth. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of young children who participated in a school-based intervention program on bone properties. The program included structured physical activity, with a focus on the application of mechanical loads on the upper and lower limbs. METHODS A cluster randomized controlled trial was conducted, in which classes were randomly assigned to the intervention or control groups. A total of 295 (50.17% girls) children from the second and third grades from 12 classes in Israel were randomly allocated to an intervention consisting of three 10-minute weekly medium- to high-intensity activities throughout one academic year or to a treatment as usual control group. Bone properties were measured at the distal radius and tibia shaft using speed of sound, before and after the intervention. RESULTS Distal radius properties improved significantly for both boys and girls in the intervention group (boys: meanpre = 3769.95, meanpost = 3875.08, Δ = 2.80%; girls: meanpre = 3766.27, meanpost = 3890.83, Δ = 3.30%; d = 1.03); whereas, tibia shaft properties only significantly improved for boys (meanpre = 3663.98, meanpost = 3732.75, Δ = 1.90%; d = 1). CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that distal radius properties of children can be positively affected by a short, easy to implement intervention program that does not require special resources.
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Stover DA, Housman G, Stone AC, Rosenberg MS, Verrelli BC. Evolutionary Genetic Signatures of Selection on Bone-Related Variation within Human and Chimpanzee Populations. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13020183. [PMID: 35205228 PMCID: PMC8871609 DOI: 10.3390/genes13020183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone strength and the incidence and severity of skeletal disorders vary significantly among human populations, due in part to underlying genetic differentiation. While clinical models predict that this variation is largely deleterious, natural population variation unrelated to disease can go unnoticed, altering our perception of how natural selection has shaped bone morphologies over deep and recent time periods. Here, we conduct the first comparative population-based genetic analysis of the main bone structural protein gene, collagen type I α 1 (COL1A1), in clinical and 1000 Genomes Project datasets in humans, and in natural populations of chimpanzees. Contrary to predictions from clinical studies, we reveal abundant COL1A1 amino acid variation, predicted to have little association with disease in the natural population. We also find signatures of positive selection associated with intron haplotype structure, linkage disequilibrium, and population differentiation in regions of known gene expression regulation in humans and chimpanzees. These results recall how recent and deep evolutionary regimes can be linked, in that bone morphology differences that developed among vertebrates over 450 million years of evolution are the result of positive selection on subtle type I collagen functional variation segregating within populations over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daryn A. Stover
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA;
- Arizona State University at Lake Havasu, Lake Havasu, AZ 86403, USA
| | - Genevieve Housman
- Section of Genetic Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA;
| | - Anne C. Stone
- School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA;
| | - Michael S. Rosenberg
- Center for Biological Data Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA;
| | - Brian C. Verrelli
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA;
- Center for Biological Data Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA;
- Correspondence:
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6
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Identification of PDXDC1 as a novel pleiotropic susceptibility locus shared between lumbar spine bone mineral density and birth weight. J Mol Med (Berl) 2022; 100:723-734. [PMID: 35314877 PMCID: PMC9110509 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-021-02165-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
An increasing number of epidemiological studies have suggested that birth weight (BW) may be a determinant of bone health later in life, although the underlying genetic mechanism remains unclear. Here, we applied a pleiotropic conditional false discovery rate (cFDR) approach to the genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics for lumbar spine bone mineral density (LS BMD) and BW, aiming to identify novel susceptibility variants shared between these two traits. We detected 5 novel potential pleiotropic loci which are located at or near 7 different genes (NTAN1, PDXDC1, CACNA1G, JAG1, FAT1P1, CCDC170, ESR1), among which PDXDC1 and FAT1P1 have not previously been linked to these phenotypes. To partially validate the findings, we demonstrated that the expression of PDXDC1 was dramatically reduced in ovariectomized (OVX) mice in comparison with sham-operated (SHAM) mice in both the growth plate and trabecula bone. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry assay with serial sections showed that both osteoclasts and osteoblasts express PDXDC1, supporting its potential role in bone metabolism. In conclusion, our study provides insights into some shared genetic mechanisms for BMD and BW as well as a novel potential therapeutic target for the prevention of OP in the early stages of the disease development. KEY MESSAGES : We investigated pleiotropy-informed enrichment between LS BMD and BW. We identified genetic variants related to both LS BMD and BW by utilizing a cFDR approach. PDXDC1 is a novel pleiotropic gene which may be related to both LS BMD and BW. Elevated expression of PDXDC1 is related to higher BMD and lower ratio n-6/n-3 PUFA indicating a bone protective effect of PDXDC1.
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7
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Ma M, Feng Z, Liu X, Jia G, Geng B, Xia Y. The Saturation Effect of Body Mass Index on Bone Mineral Density for People Over 50 Years Old: A Cross-Sectional Study of the US Population. Front Nutr 2021; 8:763677. [PMID: 34722617 PMCID: PMC8554069 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.763677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Previous studies had revealed that Body Mass Index (BMI) positively affected Bone Mineral Density (BMD). However, an excessively high BMI was detrimental to health, especially for the elderly. Moreover, it was elusive how much BMI was most beneficial for BMD in older adults to maintain. Objective: To investigate whether there was a BMI saturation effect value that existed to maintain optimal BMD. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using the datasets of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005–2006, 2007–2008, 2009–2010, 2013–2014, and 2017–2018. After adjusting for covariates, an analysis of the association between BMI and BMD in different femoral regions (Total femur, Femoral neck, Trochanter, Intertrochanter, and Ward's triangle) and lumbar spine regions (Total spine, L1, L2, L3, and L4) in the whole population was performed using the multivariate linear regression models, smoothing curve fitting, and saturation effects analysis models. Then, subgroup analyses were performed according to gender, age, and race. Results: A total of 10,910 participants (5,654 males and 5,256 females) over 50 years were enrolled in this population-based study. Multivariate linear regression analyses in the population older than 50 years showed that BMI was positively associated with femoral BMD and lumbar spine BMD (P < 0.001, respectively). Smoothing curve fitting showed that the relationship between BMI and BMD was not simply linear and that a saturation value existed. The saturation effect analysis showed that the BMI saturation value was 26.13 (kg/m2) in the total femur, 26.82 (kg/m2) in the total spine, and showed site-specificity in L1 (31.90 kg/m2) and L2 (30.89 kg/m2). The saturation values were consistent with the whole participants in males, while there was high variability in the females. BMI saturation values remained present in subgroup analyses by age and race, showing specificity in some age (60–70 years old) groups and in some races. Conclusions: Our study showed a saturation value association between BMI and BMD for people over 50 years old. Keeping the BMI in the slightly overweight value (around 26 kg/m2) might reduce other adverse effects while obtaining optimal BMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Ma
- The Second School of Clinical Medical, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China.,Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhiwei Feng
- The Second School of Clinical Medical, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaolong Liu
- The Second School of Clinical Medical, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Gengxin Jia
- The Second School of Clinical Medical, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Bin Geng
- Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China.,Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yayi Xia
- Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China.,Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
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8
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Youlten SE, Kemp JP, Logan JG, Ghirardello EJ, Sergio CM, Dack MRG, Guilfoyle SE, Leitch VD, Butterfield NC, Komla-Ebri D, Chai RC, Corr AP, Smith JT, Mohanty ST, Morris JA, McDonald MM, Quinn JMW, McGlade AR, Bartonicek N, Jansson M, Hatzikotoulas K, Irving MD, Beleza-Meireles A, Rivadeneira F, Duncan E, Richards JB, Adams DJ, Lelliott CJ, Brink R, Phan TG, Eisman JA, Evans DM, Zeggini E, Baldock PA, Bassett JHD, Williams GR, Croucher PI. Osteocyte transcriptome mapping identifies a molecular landscape controlling skeletal homeostasis and susceptibility to skeletal disease. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2444. [PMID: 33953184 PMCID: PMC8100170 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22517-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteocytes are master regulators of the skeleton. We mapped the transcriptome of osteocytes from different skeletal sites, across age and sexes in mice to reveal genes and molecular programs that control this complex cellular-network. We define an osteocyte transcriptome signature of 1239 genes that distinguishes osteocytes from other cells. 77% have no previously known role in the skeleton and are enriched for genes regulating neuronal network formation, suggesting this programme is important in osteocyte communication. We evaluated 19 skeletal parameters in 733 knockout mouse lines and reveal 26 osteocyte transcriptome signature genes that control bone structure and function. We showed osteocyte transcriptome signature genes are enriched for human orthologs that cause monogenic skeletal disorders (P = 2.4 × 10-22) and are associated with the polygenic diseases osteoporosis (P = 1.8 × 10-13) and osteoarthritis (P = 1.6 × 10-7). Thus, we reveal the molecular landscape that regulates osteocyte network formation and function and establish the importance of osteocytes in human skeletal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott E Youlten
- Bone Biology, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - John P Kemp
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, UQ, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - John G Logan
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Elena J Ghirardello
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Claudio M Sergio
- Bone Biology, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Michael R G Dack
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Siobhan E Guilfoyle
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Victoria D Leitch
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
- RMIT Centre for Additive Manufacturing, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, UK
| | - Natalie C Butterfield
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Davide Komla-Ebri
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Ryan C Chai
- Bone Biology, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Alexander P Corr
- Bone Biology, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Science, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - James T Smith
- Bone Biology, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Science, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Sindhu T Mohanty
- Bone Biology, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - John A Morris
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA
- Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of Biology, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michelle M McDonald
- Bone Biology, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Julian M W Quinn
- Bone Biology, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Amelia R McGlade
- Bone Biology, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nenad Bartonicek
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Matt Jansson
- Viapath Genetics Laboratory, Viapath Analytics LLP, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Konstantinos Hatzikotoulas
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Melita D Irving
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Trust, London, UK
| | | | | | - Emma Duncan
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
- Australian Translational Genomics Centre, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - J Brent Richards
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
- Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
| | | | | | - Robert Brink
- St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Division of Immunology, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Tri Giang Phan
- St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Division of Immunology, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - John A Eisman
- Bone Biology, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Medicine Sydney, University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, Australia
| | - David M Evans
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, UQ, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Eleftheria Zeggini
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Paul A Baldock
- Bone Biology, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - J H Duncan Bassett
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - Graham R Williams
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - Peter I Croucher
- Bone Biology, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
- St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, UNSW Australia, Sydney, Australia.
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9
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Peng C, Liu F, Su KJ, Lin X, Song YQ, Shen J, Hu SD, Chen QC, Yuan HH, Li WX, Zeng CP, Deng HW, Lou HL. Enhanced Identification of Novel Potential Variants for Appendicular Lean Mass by Leveraging Pleiotropy With Bone Mineral Density. Front Immunol 2021; 12:643894. [PMID: 33889153 PMCID: PMC8056257 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.643894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Strong relationships have been found between appendicular lean mass (ALM) and bone mineral density (BMD). It may be due to a shared genetic basis, termed pleiotropy. By leveraging the pleiotropy with BMD, the aim of this study was to detect more potential genetic variants for ALM. Using the conditional false discovery rate (cFDR) methodology, a combined analysis of the summary statistics of two large independent genome wide association studies (GWAS) of ALM (n = 73,420) and BMD (n = 10,414) was conducted. Strong pleiotropic enrichment and 26 novel potential pleiotropic SNPs were found for ALM and BMD. We identified 156 SNPs for ALM (cFDR <0.05), of which 74 were replicates of previous GWASs and 82 were novel SNPs potentially-associated with ALM. Eleven genes annotated by 31 novel SNPs (13 pleiotropic and 18 ALM specific) were partially validated in a gene expression assay. Functional enrichment analysis indicated that genes corresponding to the novel potential SNPs were enriched in GO terms and/or KEGG pathways that played important roles in muscle development and/or BMD metabolism (adjP <0.05). In protein–protein interaction analysis, rich interactions were demonstrated among the proteins produced by the corresponding genes. In conclusion, the present study, as in other recent studies we have conducted, demonstrated superior efficiency and reliability of the cFDR methodology for enhanced detection of trait-associated genetic variants. Our findings shed novel insight into the genetic variability of ALM in addition to the shared genetic basis underlying ALM and BMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Peng
- Department of Geriatrics, National Key Clinical Specialty, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, National Key Clinical Specialty, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kuan-Jui Su
- Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Department of Global Biostatistics and Data Science, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Xu Lin
- Shunde Hospital of Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde), Foshan City, China
| | - Yu-Qian Song
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Shen
- Shunde Hospital of Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde), Foshan City, China
| | - Shi-Di Hu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiao-Cong Chen
- Department of Geriatrics, National Key Clinical Specialty, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui-Hui Yuan
- Department of Geriatrics, National Key Clinical Specialty, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Xi Li
- Department of Geriatrics, National Key Clinical Specialty, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chun-Ping Zeng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong-Wen Deng
- Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Department of Global Biostatistics and Data Science, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Hui-Ling Lou
- Department of Geriatrics, National Key Clinical Specialty, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
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10
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Cheng S, Qi X, Ma M, Zhang L, Cheng B, Liang C, Liu L, Li P, Kafle OP, Wen Y, Zhang F. Assessing the Relationship Between Gut Microbiota and Bone Mineral Density. Front Genet 2020; 11:6. [PMID: 32082367 PMCID: PMC7005253 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recent study demonstrates the comprehensive effects of gut microbiota on complex diseases or traits. However, limited effort has been conducted to explore the potential relationships between gut microbiota and BMD. Methods We performed a polygenetic risk scoring (PRS) analysis to systematically explore the relationships between gut microbiota and body BMD. Significant SNP sets associated with gut microbiota were derived from previous genome-wide association study (GWAS). In total, 2,294 to 5,065 individuals with BMD values of different sites and their genotype data were obtained from UK Biobank cohort. The gut microbiota PRS of each individual was computed from the SNP genotype data for each study subject of UK Biobank by PLINK software. Using computed PRS as the instrumental variables of gut microbiota, Pearson correlation analysis of individual PRS values and BMD values was finally conducted to test the potential association between gut microbiota and target trait. Results In total, 31 BMD traits were selected as outcome to assess their relationships with gut microbiota. After adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, and the first 5 principal components (PCs) as the covariates using linear regression model, pelvis BMD (P = 0.0437) showed suggestive association signal with gut microbiota after multiple testing correction. Conclusion Our study findings support the weak relevance of gut microbiota with the development of BMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqiang Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xin Qi
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Mei Ma
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Bolun Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chujun Liang
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Li Liu
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ping Li
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Om Prakash Kafle
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yan Wen
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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11
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Lin X, Peng C, Greenbaum J, Li ZF, Wu KH, Ao ZX, Zhang T, Shen J, Deng HW. Identifying potentially common genes between dyslipidemia and osteoporosis using novel analytical approaches. Mol Genet Genomics 2018; 293:711-723. [PMID: 29327327 PMCID: PMC5949092 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-017-1414-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Dyslipidemia (DL) is closely related to osteoporosis (OP), while the exact common genetic mechanisms are still largely unknown. We proposed to use novel genetic analysis methods with pleiotropic information to identify potentially novel and/or common genes for the potential shared pathogenesis associated with OP and/or DL. We assessed the pleiotropy between plasma lipid (PL) and femoral neck bone mineral density (FNK BMD). We jointly applied the conditional false discovery rate (cFDR) method and the genetic analysis incorporating pleiotropy and annotation (GPA) method to the summary statistics provided by genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of FNK BMD (n = 49,988) and PL (n = 188,577) to identify potentially novel and/or common genes for BMD/PL. We found strong pleiotropic enrichment between PL and FNK BMD. Two hundred and forty-five PL SNPs were identified as potentially novel SNPs by cFDR and GPA. The corresponding genes were enriched in gene ontology (GO) terms "phospholipid homeostasis" and "chylomicron remnant clearance". Three SNPs (rs2178950, rs9939318, and rs9368716) might be the pleiotropic ones and the corresponding genes NLRC5 (rs2178950) and TRPS1 (rs9939318) were involved in NF-κB signaling pathway and Wnt signaling pathway as well as inflammation and innate immune processes. Our study validated the pleiotropy between PL and FNK BMD, and corroborated the reliability and high-efficiency of cFDR and GPA methods in further analyses of existing GWASs with summary statistics. We identified potentially common and/or novel genes for PL and/or FNK BMD, which may provide new insight and direction for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Lin
- Southern Medical University, No.1023, South Shatai Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Peng
- Department of Geriatrics, National Key Clinical Specialty, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510180, People's Republic of China
| | - Jonathan Greenbaum
- Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Department of Global Statistics and Data Science, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Zhang-Fang Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510630, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke-Hao Wu
- Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Department of Global Statistics and Data Science, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Zeng-Xin Ao
- Southern Medical University, No.1023, South Shatai Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510630, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Shen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510630, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Wen Deng
- Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Department of Global Statistics and Data Science, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410000, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Peng C, Lou HL, Liu F, Shen J, Lin X, Zeng CP, Long JR, Su KJ, Zhang L, Greenbaum J, Deng WF, Li YM, Deng HW. Enhanced Identification of Potential Pleiotropic Genetic Variants for Bone Mineral Density and Breast Cancer. Calcif Tissue Int 2017; 101:489-500. [PMID: 28761973 PMCID: PMC5796546 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-017-0308-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/22/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological and clinical evidences have shown that bone mineral density (BMD) has a close relationship with breast cancer (BC). They might potentially have a shared genetic basis. By incorporating information about these pleiotropic effects, we may be able to explore more of the traits' total heritability. We applied a recently developed conditional false discovery rate (cFDR) method to the summary statistics from two independent GWASs to identify the potential pleiotropic genetic variants for BMD and BC. By jointly analyzing two large independent GWASs of BMD and BC, we found strong pleiotropic enrichment between them and identified 102 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in BMD and 192 SNPs in BC with cFDR < 0.05, including 230 SNPs that might have been overlooked by the standard GWAS analysis. cFDR-significant genes were enriched in GO terms and KEGG pathways which were crucial to bone metabolism and/or BC pathology (adjP < 0.05). Some cFDR-significant genes were partially validated in the gene expressional validation assay. Strong interactions were found between proteins produced by cFDR-significant genes in the context of biological mechanism of bone metabolism and/or BC etiology. Totally, we identified 7 pleiotropic SNPs that were associated with both BMD and BC (conjunction cFDR < 0.05); CCDC170, ESR1, RANKL, CPED1, and MEOX1 might play important roles in the pleiotropy of BMD and BC. Our study highlighted the significant pleiotropy between BMD and BC and shed novel insight into trait-specific as well as the potentially shared genetic architecture for both BMD and BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Peng
- Department of Geriatrics, National Key Clinical Specialty, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510180, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Ling Lou
- Department of Geriatrics, National Key Clinical Specialty, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510180, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, National Key Clinical Specialty, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510180, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Shen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510630, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Lin
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510630, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Ping Zeng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Nanhai Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji-Rong Long
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kuan-Jui Su
- Department of Global Statistics and Data Science, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Lan Zhang
- Department of Global Statistics and Data Science, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Jonathan Greenbaum
- Department of Global Statistics and Data Science, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Wei-Feng Deng
- Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, 418000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Mei Li
- School of Mathematics and Computational Science, Huaihua University, Huaihua, 418008, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Wen Deng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510630, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Global Statistics and Data Science, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
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13
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Peng C, Shen J, Lin X, Su KJ, Greenbaum J, Zhu W, Lou HL, Liu F, Zeng CP, Deng WF, Deng HW. Genetic sharing with coronary artery disease identifies potential novel loci for bone mineral density. Bone 2017; 103:70-77. [PMID: 28651948 PMCID: PMC5796548 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2017.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Bone mineral density (BMD) is a complex trait with high missing heritability. Numerous evidences have shown that BMD variation has a relationship with coronary artery disease (CAD). This relationship may come from a common genetic basis called pleiotropy. By leveraging the pleiotropy with CAD, we may be able to improve the detection power of genetic variants associated with BMD. Using a recently developed conditional false discovery rate (cFDR) method, we jointly analyzed summary statistics from two large independent genome wide association studies (GWAS) of lumbar spine (LS) BMD and CAD. Strong pleiotropic enrichment and 7 pleiotropic SNPs were found for the two traits. We identified 41 SNPs for LS BMD (cFDR<0.05), of which 20 were replications of previous GWASs and 21 were potential novel SNPs that were not reported before. Four genes encompassed by 9 cFDR-significant SNPs were partially validated in the gene expression assay. Further functional enrichment analysis showed that genes corresponding to the cFDR-significant LS BMD SNPs were enriched in GO terms and KEGG pathways that played crucial roles in bone metabolism (adjP<0.05). In protein-protein interaction analysis, strong interactions were found between the proteins produced by the corresponding genes. Our study demonstrated the reliability and high-efficiency of the cFDR method on the detection of trait-associated genetic variants, the present findings shed novel insights into the genetic variability of BMD as well as the shared genetic basis underlying osteoporosis and CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Peng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, China; Department of Geriatrics, National Key Clinical Specialty, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, 510180, China
| | - Jie Shen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Xu Lin
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Kuan-Jui Su
- Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Department of Global Biostatistics and Data Science, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Jonathan Greenbaum
- Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Department of Global Biostatistics and Data Science, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Wei Zhu
- Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Department of Global Biostatistics and Data Science, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Hui-Ling Lou
- Department of Geriatrics, National Key Clinical Specialty, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, 510180, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, National Key Clinical Specialty, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, 510180, China
| | - Chun-Ping Zeng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Nanhai Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Hong-Wen Deng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, China; Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Department of Global Biostatistics and Data Science, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA.
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14
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Greenbaum J, Deng HW. A Statistical Approach to Fine Mapping for the Identification of Potential Causal Variants Related to Bone Mineral Density. J Bone Miner Res 2017; 32:1651-1658. [PMID: 28425624 PMCID: PMC5550336 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Although genomewide association studies (GWASs) have been able to successfully identify dozens of genetic loci associated with bone mineral density (BMD) and osteoporosis-related traits, very few of these loci have been confirmed to be causal. This is because in a given genetic region there may exist many trait-associated SNPs that are highly correlated. Although this correlation is useful for discovering novel associations, the high degree of linkage disequilibrium that persists throughout the genome presents a major challenge to discern which among these correlated variants has a direct effect on the trait. In this study we apply a recently developed Bayesian fine-mapping method, PAINTOR, to determine the SNPs that have the highest probability of causality for femoral neck (FNK) BMD and lumbar spine (LS) BMD. The advantage of this method is that it allows for the incorporation of information about GWAS summary statistics, linkage disequilibrium, and functional annotations to calculate a posterior probability of causality for SNPs across all loci of interest. We present a list of the top 10 candidate SNPs for each BMD trait to be followed up in future functional validation experiments. The SNPs rs2566752 (WLS) and rs436792 (ZNF621 and CTNNB1) are particularly noteworthy because they have more than 90% probability to be causal for both FNK and LS BMD. Using this statistical fine-mapping approach we expect to gain a better understanding of the genetic determinants contributing to BMD at multiple skeletal sites. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Greenbaum
- Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Department of Global Biostatistics and Data Science, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Hong-Wen Deng
- Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Department of Global Biostatistics and Data Science, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
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15
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Yang S, Leslie WD, Walld R, Roos LL, Morin SN, Majumdar SR, Lix LM. Objectively-Verified Parental Non-Hip Major Osteoporotic Fractures and Offspring Osteoporotic Fracture Risk: A Population-Based Familial Linkage Study. J Bone Miner Res 2017; 32:716-721. [PMID: 27859612 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Parental hip fracture (HF) is associated with increased risk of offspring major osteoporotic fractures (MOFs; comprising hip, forearm, clinical spine or humerus fracture). Whether other sites of parental fracture should be used for fracture risk assessment is uncertain. The current study tested the association between objectively-verified parental non-hip MOF and offspring incident MOF. Using population-based administrative healthcare data for the province of Manitoba, Canada, we identified 255,512 offspring with linkage to at least one parent (238,054 mothers and 209,423 fathers). Parental non-hip MOF (1984-2014) and offspring MOF (1997-2014) were ascertained with validated case definitions. Time-dependent multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). During a median of 12 years of offspring follow-up, we identified 7045 incident MOF among offspring (3.7% and 2.5% for offspring with and without a parental non-hip MOF, p < 0.001). Maternal non-hip MOF (HR 1.27; 95% CI, 1.19 to 1.35), paternal non-hip MOF (HR 1.33; 95% CI, 1.20 to 1.48), and any parental non-hip MOF (HR 1.28; 95% CI, 1.21 to 1.36) were significantly associated with offspring MOF after adjusting for covariates. The risk of MOF was even greater for offspring with both maternal and paternal non-hip MOF (adjusted HR 1.61; 95% CI, 1.27 to 2.02). All HRs were similar for male and female offspring (all pinteraction >0.1). Risks associated with parental HF only (adjusted HR 1.26; 95% CI, 1.13 to 1.40) and non-hip MOF only (adjusted HR 1.26; 95% CI, 1.18 to 1.34) were the same. The strength of association between any parental non-hip MOF and offspring MOF decreased with older parental age at non-hip MOF (ptrend = 0.028). In summary, parental non-hip MOF confers an increased risk for offspring MOF, but the strength of the relationship decreases with older parental age at fracture. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuman Yang
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - William D Leslie
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Randy Walld
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Leslie L Roos
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Suzanne N Morin
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sumit R Majumdar
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Lisa M Lix
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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16
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Wallace IJ, Botigué LR, Lin M, Smaers JB, Henn BM, Grine FE. Worldwide variation in hip fracture incidence weakly aligns with genetic divergence between populations. Osteoporos Int 2016; 27:2867-2872. [PMID: 27091742 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-016-3591-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED This study investigates the influence of genetic differentiation in determining worldwide heterogeneity in osteoporosis-related hip fracture rates. The results indicate that global variation in fracture incidence exceeds that expected on the basis of random genetic variance. INTRODUCTION Worldwide, the incidence of osteoporotic hip fractures varies considerably. This variability is believed to relate mainly to non-genetic factors. It is conceivable, however, that genetic susceptibility indeed differs across populations. Here, we present the first quantitative assessment of the effects of genetic differentiation on global variability in hip fracture rates. METHODS We investigate the observed variance in publically reported age-standardized rates of hip fracture among 28 populations from around the world relative to the expected variance given the phylogenetic relatedness of these populations. The extent to which these variances are similar constitutes a "phylogenetic signal," which was measured using the K statistic. Population genetic divergence was calculated using a robust array of genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms. RESULTS While phylogenetic signal is maximized when K > 1, a K value of only 0.103 was detected in the combined-sex fracture rate pattern across the 28 populations, indicating that fracture rates vary more than expected based on phylogenetic relationships. When fracture rates for the sexes were analyzed separately, the degree of phylogenetic signal was also found to be small (females: K = 0.102; males: K = 0.081). CONCLUSIONS The lack of a strong phylogenetic signal underscores the importance of factors other than stochastic genetic diversity in shaping worldwide heterogeneity in hip fracture incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- I J Wallace
- Department of Anthropology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA.
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
| | - L R Botigué
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - M Lin
- Graduate Program in Genetics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - J B Smaers
- Department of Anthropology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - B M Henn
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
- Graduate Program in Genetics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - F E Grine
- Department of Anthropology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Stony Brook Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
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17
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Yang S, Leslie WD, Yan L, Walld R, Roos LL, Morin SN, Majumdar SR, Lix LM. Objectively Verified Parental Hip Fracture Is an Independent Risk Factor for Fracture: a Linkage Analysis of 478,792 Parents and 261,705 Offspring. J Bone Miner Res 2016; 31:1753-9. [PMID: 27061748 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Parental hip fracture (HF) is considered a major risk factor for offspring major osteoporotic fracture (MOF), but all studies to date have relied on self-reported information of uncertain accuracy. We tested the association of objectively verified parental HF with offspring MOF and HF. We used a population-based historical cohort study of 261,705 offspring (age ≥40 years) with at least one linked parent (total 478,792 parents) for the province of Manitoba, Canada. Cox proportional hazards models were developed to test hazard ratio (HR) for offspring MOF and HF for 1997 to 2014 according to prior parental HF dating back to 1970. The median age of offspring at study entry was 40 years (range, 40 to 50 years), and 48.3% were women. During 2.9 million person-years of offspring follow-up (median per offspring, 12 years), we identified 7323 incident MOF (4.4% versus 2.7% for those with and without a parental HF, p < 0.001), including 331 HF (0.3% versus 0.1%, p < 0.001). Parental HF was independently associated with increased risk of offspring MOF (HR, 1.30; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.20 to 1.41). The strength of the association decreased with older parental age at HF (ptrend < 0.001), and was no longer significant if parental HF occurred after age 80 years (adjusted HR, 1.07; 95% CI, 0.96 to 1.19). The relationship between parental HF and offspring HF was even stronger than for MOF (adjusted HR, 1.64; 95% CI, 1.21 to 2.23). Associations with MOF or HF were not affected by either the gender of the parent with HF or the gender of the offspring. Parental HF increased the risk for offspring MOF and HF but not when parental HF occurred after age 80 years. This suggests a more nuanced approach for clinicians trying to stratify fracture risk, and illustrates the enormous potential of parent-offspring record linkage for other familial disorders. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuman Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - William D Leslie
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Lin Yan
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Randy Walld
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Leslie L Roos
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Suzanne N Morin
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sumit R Majumdar
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Lisa M Lix
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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18
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Abstract
UNLABELLED Current prevention strategies for low-trauma fractures amongst older persons depend on the notions that fractures are mainly caused by osteoporosis (pathophysiology), that patients at high risk can be identified (screening) and that the risk is amenable to bone-targeted pharmacotherapy (treatment). However, all these three notions can be disputed. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY Most fracture patients have fallen, but actually do not have osteoporosis. A high likelihood of falling, in turn, is attributable to an ageing-related decline in physical functioning and general frailty. SCREENING Currently available fracture risk prediction strategies including bone densitometry and multifactorial prediction tools are unable to identify a large proportion of patients who will sustain a fracture, whereas many of those with a high fracture risk score will not sustain a fracture. TREATMENT The evidence for the viability of bone-targeted pharmacotherapy in preventing hip fracture and other clinical fragility fractures is mainly limited to women aged 65-80 years with osteoporosis, whereas the proof of hip fracture-preventing efficacy in women over 80 years of age and in men at all ages is meagre or absent. Further, the antihip fracture efficacy shown in clinical trials is absent in real-life studies. Many drugs for the treatment of osteoporosis have also been associated with increased risks of serious adverse events. There are also considerable uncertainties related to the efficacy of drug therapy in preventing clinical vertebral fractures, whereas the efficacy for preventing other fractures (relative risk reductions of 20-25%) remains moderate, particularly in terms of the low absolute risk reduction in fractures with this treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- T L N Järvinen
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - K Michaëlsson
- Section of Orthopaedics, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - P Aspenberg
- Clinical Sciences, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - H Sievänen
- The UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland
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19
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Huang T, Liu H, Zhao W, Li J, Wang Y. Gene-dietary fat interaction, bone mineral density and bone speed of sound in children: a twin study in China. Mol Nutr Food Res 2015; 59:544-51. [PMID: 25546604 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201400076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Revised: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Dietary fat correlates with bone mineral density (BMD). We tested the association between fat intake and BMD, and tested if fat intake modified the degree of genetic influence on BMD and bone speed of sound (SOS). METHODS AND RESULTS We included 622 twins aged 7-15 from South China. Data on anthropometry, dietary intake, BMD, and SOS were collected. Quantitative genetic analyses of structural equation models were fit using the Mx statistical package. The within-pair intraclass correlations for BMD in dizygotic twins were nearly half of that for monozygotic twins (intraclass correlations = 0.39 versus 0.70). The heritability of BMD and SOS were 71 and 79%. Phenotypic correlation between fat intake and SOS was significant (r = -0.19, p = 0.04). SOS was negatively correlated with fat intake in boys (r = -0.11, p = 0.05), but not in girls. Full Cholesky decomposition models showed SOS has a strong genetic correlation with fat intake (rA = -0.88, 95% confidence interval = -0.94, 0.01); the environmental correlation between fat intake and SOS was weak (rE = -0.04, 95% confidence interval = -0.20, 0.13). Fat intake modified the additive genetic effects on BMD. CONCLUSION Genetic factors explained 71 and 79% of individual variance in BMD and SOS, respectively. Low fat intake counteracts genetic predisposition to low BMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Huang
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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20
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Dong SS, Yang TL, Yan H, Rong ZQ, Chen JB, Hao RH, Chen XF, Guo Y. Association analyses of FGFR2 gene polymorphisms with femoral neck bone mineral density in Chinese Han population. Mol Genet Genomics 2014; 290:485-91. [PMID: 25300516 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-014-0936-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Femoral neck (FN) bone mineral density (BMD) is the most important risk phenotype for osteoporosis and has been used as a reference standard for describing osteoporosis. Identification of genetic variations associated with FN BMD may provide potential targets for therapeutic studies. Given the important biological role of FGFR2 gene involved in bone, we tested the associations between FGFR2 polymorphisms and FN BMD in 1,300 Chinese Han subjects. Of the 28 total SNPs, 2 SNPs, namely rs11200014 and rs1078806, were significantly associated with FN BMD under dominant model (P = 0.0014 and 0.0012, respectively) after conservative Bonferroni correction. The two SNPs were in complete linkage disequilibrium. In addition, haplotype-based association tests identified two haplotypes significantly associated with FN BMD, including one haplotype in block 4 where the two SNPs located. However, different from previous studies in white older men, we did not detect any significant association in sex-stratified analyses. In summary, our findings suggest that the FGFR2 gene may play an important role in variation in FN BMD in Chinese Han population, independent of gender effects. Further studies performed in multiple and large samples are needed to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanism and pathophysiology of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Shan Dong
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Institute of Molecular Genetics, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, People's Republic of China
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21
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Hernandez-de Sosa N, Athanasiadis G, Malouf J, Laiz A, Marin A, Herrera S, Farrerons J, Soria JM, Casademont J. Heritability of bone mineral density in a multivariate family-based study. Calcif Tissue Int 2014; 94:590-6. [PMID: 24687525 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-014-9852-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
There is evidence for a genetic contribution to bone mineral density (BMD×). Different loci affecting BMD have been identified by diverse linkage and genome-wide association studies. We studied the heritability of and the correlations among six densitometric phenotypes and four bone mass/fracture phenotypes. For this purpose, we used a family-based study of the genetics of osteoporosis, the Genetic Analysis of Osteoporosis Project. The primary aim of our study was to examine the roles of genetic and environmental factors in determining osteoporosis-related phenotypes. The project consisted of 11 extended families from Spain. All of them were selected through a proband with osteoporosis. BMD was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The proportion of variance of BMD attributable to significant covariates ranged from 25% (for femoral neck BMD) to 48% (for whole-body total BMD). The vast majority of the densitometric phenotypes had highly significant heritability, ranging from 0.252 (whole-body total BMD) to 0.537 (trochanteric BMD) after correcting for covariate effects. All of the densitometric phenotypes showed high and significant genetic correlations (from -0.772 to -1.000) with a low bone mass/osteopenia condition (Affected 3). Our findings provide additional evidence on the heritability of BMD and a strong genetic correlation between BMD and bone mass/fracture phenotypes in a Spanish population. Our results emphasize the importance of detecting genetic risk factors and the benefit of early diagnosis and especially therapeutic and preventive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nerea Hernandez-de Sosa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain,
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22
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Curtis EM, Moon RJ, Dennison EM, Harvey NC. Prenatal calcium and vitamin D intake, and bone mass in later life. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2014; 12:194-204. [PMID: 24740166 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-014-0210-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The aging population will result in an increasing burden of osteoporotic fractures, necessitating the identification of novel strategies for prevention. There is increasing recognition that factors in utero may influence bone mineral accrual, and, thus, osteoporosis risk. The role of calcium and vitamin D has received much attention in recent years, and in this review, we will survey available studies relating maternal calcium and vitamin D status during pregnancy to offspring bone development. The evidence base supporting a positive influence on intrauterine skeletal growth appears somewhat stronger for maternal 25(OH)-vitamin D concentration than for calcium intake, and the available data point toward the need for high-quality randomized controlled trials in order to inform public health policy. It is only with such a rigorous approach that it will be possible to delineate the optimal strategy for vitamin D supplementation in pregnancy in relation to offspring bone health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M Curtis
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
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23
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Levy SM, Warren JJ, Phipps K, Letuchy E, Broffitt B, Eichenberger-Gilmore J, Burns TL, Kavand G, Janz KF, Torner JC, Pauley CA. Effects of life-long fluoride intake on bone measures of adolescents: a prospective cohort study. J Dent Res 2014; 93:353-9. [PMID: 24470542 DOI: 10.1177/0022034514520708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Controversy persists concerning the impact of community water fluoridation on bone health in adults, and few studies have assessed relationships with bone at younger ages. Ecological studies of fluoride's effects showed some increase in bone mineral density of adolescents and young adults in areas with fluoridated water compared with non-fluoridated areas. However, none had individual fluoride exposure measures. To avoid ecological fallacy and reduce bias, we assessed associations of average daily fluoride intake from birth to age 15 yr for Iowa Bone Development Study cohort members with age 15 yr dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) bone outcomes (whole body, lumbar spine, and hip), controlling for known determinants (including daily calcium intake, average daily time spent in moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity, and physical maturity). Mean (SD) daily fluoride intake was 0.66 mg (0.24) for females and 0.78 mg (0.30) for males. We found no significant relationships between daily fluoride intake and adolescents' bone measures in adjusted models (for 183 females, all p values ≥ .10 and all partial R(2) ≤ 0.02; for 175 males, all p values ≥ .34 and all partial R(2) ≤ 0.01). The findings suggest that fluoride exposures at the typical levels for most US adolescents in fluoridated areas do not have significant effects on bone mineral measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Levy
- Department of Preventive & Community Dentistry, University of Iowa College of Dentistry, Iowa City, IA, USA
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24
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Wagner H, Melhus H, Pedersen NL, Michaëlsson K. Genetic influence on bone phenotypes and body composition: a Swedish twin study. J Bone Miner Metab 2013; 31:681-9. [PMID: 23564006 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-013-0455-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2012] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Bone mineral density (BMD), bone size and bone turnover are independent determinants of fractures in elderly. Earlier twin studies of these phenotypes have revealed high heritability for BMD and bone area, and more moderate heritability for bone turnover markers. No previous Scandinavian study has evaluated the genetic and environmental contribution to the variance of these phenotypes, despite the fact that Scandinavian countries have the highest incidence of osteoporotic fractures worldwide. Participants were selected from the Swedish Twin Registry. All intact like-sexed twin pairs born in 1965 or earlier and living in the county of Uppsala were invited to participate. A total of 102 twin pairs (45 monozygotic and 57 dizygotic) accepted the invitation to participate. All twins underwent measurement of BMD and bone area using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Hip geometry was also calculated. Markers for bone formation (osteocalcin) and bone resorption (CrossLaps) were measured in serum. We observed a substantial heritability for BMD at the lumbar spine (0.85; 95 % CI 0.54-0.90), the femoral neck (0.75; 95 % CI 0.62-0.83), and the proximal femur (0.84; 95 % CI 0.74-0.90). The values for bone area were approximately similar to those for BMD. Bone turnover markers had a slightly lower genetic influence with a value of 0.69 (0.53-0.80) for osteocalcin and 0.58 (95 % CI 0.33-0.75) for CrossLaps. As a comparison, the heritabilities of body height and weight were 0.95 and 0.82, respectively. The high heritability on bone phenotypes among Swedish middle-aged and older men and women should encourage further work on the identification of specific genetic pathways. Continuing research in this area could reveal the mechanisms behind the strong genetic susceptibility of bone-related phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helene Wagner
- Section of Orthopedics, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, S75185, Uppsala, Sweden,
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25
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Kim HY, Hwang JY, Han BG, Lee JY, Park EK, Kim BJ, Lee SH, Kim GS, Kim SY, Koh JM. Association of ADIPOR1 polymorphisms with bone mineral density in postmenopausal Korean women. Exp Mol Med 2012; 44:394-402. [PMID: 22495003 PMCID: PMC3389078 DOI: 10.3858/emm.2012.44.6.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Adiponectin may affect bone through interactions with two known receptors, adiponectin receptors (ADIPOR) 1 and 2. We examined the association between polymorphisms of ADIPOR1 and ADIPOR2 and bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal Korean women. Six polymorphisms in ADIPOR1 and four polymorphisms in ADIPOR2 were selected and genotyped in all study participants (n = 1,329). BMD at the lumbar spine and femur neck were measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Lateral thoracolumbar (T4-L4) radiographs were obtained for vertebral fracture assessment and the occurrence of non-vertebral fractures examined using self-reported data. P values were adjusted for multiple testing using Bonferroni correction (Pcorr). ADIPOR1rs16850799 and rs34010966 polymorphisms were significantly associated with femur neck BMD (Pcorr = 0.036 in the dominant model; Pcorr = 0.024 and Pcorr = 0.006 in the additive and dominant models, respectively). Subjects with the rare allele of each polymorphism had lower BMD, and association of rs34010966 with BMD showed a gene dosage effect. However, ADIPOR2 single nucleotide polymorphisms and haplotypes were not associated with BMD at any site. Our results suggest that ADIPOR1 polymorphisms present a useful genetic marker for BMD in postmenopausal Korean women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha Young Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Sanbon Medical Center, University of Wonkwang College of Medicine, Iksan, Korea
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26
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Moayyeri A, Hammond CJ, Hart DJ, Spector TD. Effects of age on genetic influence on bone loss over 17 years in women: the Healthy Ageing Twin Study (HATS). J Bone Miner Res 2012; 27:2170-8. [PMID: 22589082 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.1659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The rate of bone loss varies across the aging period via multiple complex mechanisms. Therefore, the role of genetic factors on bone loss may also change similarly. In this study, we investigated the effect of age on the genetic component of bone loss in a large twin-based longitudinal study. During 17 years of follow-up in TwinsUK and Healthy Ageing Twin Study (HATS), 15,491 hip and lumbar spine dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans were performed in 7056 twins. Out of these subjects, 2716 female twins aged >35 years with at least two scans separated for >4 years (mean follow-up 9.7 years) were included in this analysis. We used a mixed-effects random-coefficients regression model to predict hip and spine bone mineral density (BMD) values for exact ages of 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, and 80 years, with adjustment for baseline age, weight, height, and duration of hormone replacement therapy. We then estimated heritability of the changes in BMD measures between these age ranges. Heritability estimates for cross-sectional hip and spine BMD were high (ranging between 69% and 88%) at different ages. Heritability of change of BMD was lower and more variable, generally ranging from 0% to 40% for hip and 0% to 70% for spine; between age 40 and 45 years genetic factors explained 39.9% (95% confidence interval [CI], 25%-53%) of variance of BMD loss for total hip, 46.4% (95% CI, 32%-58%) for femoral neck, and 69.5% (95% CI, 59%-77%) for lumbar spine. These estimates decreased with increasing age, and there appeared to be no heritability of BMD changes after the age of 65 years. There was some evidence at the spine for shared genetic effects between cross-sectional and longitudinal BMD. Whereas genetic factors appear to have an important role in bone loss in early postmenopausal women, nongenetic mechanisms become more important determinants of bone loss with advanced age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Moayyeri
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
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27
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Elder SJ, Roberts SB, McCrory MA, Das SK, Fuss PJ, Pittas AG, Greenberg AS, Heymsfield SB, Dawson-Hughes B, Bouchard TJ, Saltzman E, Neale MC. Effect of Body Composition Methodology on Heritability Estimation of Body Fatness. THE OPEN NUTRITION JOURNAL 2012; 6:48-58. [PMID: 25067962 PMCID: PMC4110980 DOI: 10.2174/1874288201206010048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Heritability estimates of human body fatness vary widely and the contribution of body composition methodology to this variability is unknown. The effect of body composition methodology on estimations of genetic and environmental contributions to body fatness variation was examined in 78 adult male and female monozygotic twin pairs reared apart or together. Body composition was assessed by six methods - body mass index (BMI), dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA), underwater weighing (UWW), total body water (TBW), bioelectric impedance (BIA), and skinfold thickness. Body fatness was expressed as percent body fat, fat mass, and fat mass/height2 to assess the effect of body fatness expression on heritability estimates. Model-fitting multivariate analyses were used to assess the genetic and environmental components of variance. Mean BMI was 24.5 kg/m2 (range of 17.8-43.4 kg/m2). There was a significant effect of body composition methodology (p<0.001) on heritability estimates, with UWW giving the highest estimate (69%) and BIA giving the lowest estimate (47%) for fat mass/height2. Expression of body fatness as percent body fat resulted in significantly higher heritability estimates (on average 10.3% higher) compared to expression as fat mass/height2 (p=0.015). DXA and TBW methods expressing body fatness as fat mass/height2 gave the least biased heritability assessments, based on the small contribution of specific genetic factors to their genetic variance. A model combining DXA and TBW methods resulted in a relatively low FM/ht2 heritability estimate of 60%, and significant contributions of common and unique environmental factors (22% and 18%, respectively). The body fatness heritability estimate of 60% indicates a smaller contribution of genetic variance to total variance than many previous studies using less powerful research designs have indicated. The results also highlight the importance of environmental factors and possibly genotype by environmental interactions in the etiology of weight gain and the obesity epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonya J. Elder
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, 711 Washington St., Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Susan B. Roberts
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, 711 Washington St., Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Megan A. McCrory
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, Purdue University, 700 W. State St., West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Sai Krupa Das
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, 711 Washington St., Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Paul J. Fuss
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, 711 Washington St., Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Anastassios G. Pittas
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington St, #268, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Andrew S. Greenberg
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, 711 Washington St., Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Steven B. Heymsfield
- Pennington Biomedical Research Institute, 6400 Perkins Rd., Baton Rouge, LA 70808-4124, USA
| | - Bess Dawson-Hughes
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, 711 Washington St., Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Thomas J. Bouchard
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Elliott Hall, 75 East River Rd., Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Edward Saltzman
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, 711 Washington St., Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Michael C. Neale
- Virginia Institute of Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics and Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, 800 Leigh St, Ste 1-110, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
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28
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Park JH, Song YM, Sung J, Lee K, Kim YS, Park YS. Genetic influence on bone mineral density in Korean twins and families: the healthy twin study. Osteoporos Int 2012; 23:1343-9. [PMID: 21656262 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-011-1685-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2010] [Accepted: 05/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Bone mineral density (BMD), a representative marker of osteoporosis risk, is found to be highly heritable in this Korean study, which is very consistent with the findings in Western populations. This finding strongly supports that genetic factors are significant determinants of osteoporosis risk along with individual biological and behavioral factors. INTRODUCTION Although genetic factors are known to contribute significantly to variations in BMD in Western populations, such an association has not been fully evaluated in an Asian population. This study was conducted to determine the role of genetic factors on BMD in Korean population. METHODS The study participants were 2,728 men and women consisting of 497 monozygotic (MZ) twin pairs, 119 dizygotic (DZ) twin pairs, and 1,496 first-degree relatives from the Healthy Twin Study. BMD was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Quantitative genetic analysis based on a variance decomposition model was performed. RESULTS Age and the measured covariates accounted for 17~61% of the variation in BMD, depending on the sites of measurement. After accounting for the covariate effects, the heritability of BMD at the whole body, thoracic and lumbar spine, whole ribs, whole pelvis, whole arms, and whole legs were 0.76, 0.72, 0.73, 0.71, 0.51, and 0.75, respectively. The pair-wise correlation of BMD was the highest within MZ twin pairs, followed by DZ twin pairs, sibling pairs, and parents-child pairs. Cross-trait correlation analysis revealed a positive genetic correlation between BMDs at different sites, ranging from 0.80 (arm and leg BMD) to 0.50 (pelvis and arm BMD). CONCLUSIONS The high heritability of BMD in this Korean population similar to those found in Western populations and the significant common genetic basis between BMDs at different sites strongly supports a significant role of genetic determinants on the risk of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-H Park
- Department of Family Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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29
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Roshandel D, Thomson W, Pye SR, Boonen S, Borghs H, Vanderschueren D, Huhtaniemi IT, Adams JE, Ward KA, Bartfai G, Casanueva FF, Finn JD, Forti G, Giwercman A, Han TS, Kula K, Lean ME, Pendleton N, Punab M, Wu FC, Holliday KL, O'Neill TW. Polymorphisms in genes involved in the NF-κB signalling pathway are associated with bone mineral density, geometry and turnover in men. PLoS One 2011; 6:e28031. [PMID: 22132199 PMCID: PMC3221678 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0028031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2011] [Accepted: 10/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In this study, we aimed to investigate the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within two genes involved in the NF-κB cascade (GPR177 and MAP3K14) and bone mineral density (BMD) assessed at different skeletal sites, radial geometric parameters and bone turnover. METHODS Ten GPR177 SNPs previously associated with BMD with genome-wide significance and twelve tag SNPs (r(2)≥0.8) within MAP3K14 (±10 kb) were genotyped in 2359 men aged 40-79 years recruited from 8 centres for participation in the European Male Aging Study (EMAS). Measurement of bone turnover markers (PINP and CTX-I) in the serum and quantitative ultrasound (QUS) at the calcaneus were performed in all centres. Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), at the lumbar spine and hip, and peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT), at the distal and midshaft radius, were performed in a subsample (2 centres). Linear regression was used to test for association between the SNPs and bone measures under an additive genetic model adjusting for study centre. RESULTS We validated the associations between SNPs in GPR177 and BMD(a) previously reported and also observed evidence of pleiotrophic effects on density and geometry. Rs2772300 in GPR177 was associated with increased total hip and LS BMD(a), increased total and cortical vBMD at the radius and increased cortical area, thickness and stress strain index. We also found evidence of association with BMD(a), vBMD, geometric parameters and CTX-I for SNPs in MAP3K14. None of the GPR177 and MAP3K14 SNPs were associated with calcaneal estimated BMD measured by QUS. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that SNPs in GPR177 and MAP3K14 involved in the NF-κB signalling pathway influence bone mineral density, geometry and turnover in a population-based cohort of middle aged and elderly men. This adds to the understanding of the role of genetic variation in this pathway in determining bone health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delnaz Roshandel
- Arthritis Research UK Epidemiology Unit, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Wendy Thomson
- Arthritis Research UK Epidemiology Unit, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen R. Pye
- Arthritis Research UK Epidemiology Unit, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Steven Boonen
- Leuven University Division of Geriatric Medicine, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Herman Borghs
- Leuven University Division of Geriatric Medicine, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dirk Vanderschueren
- Department of Andrology and Endocrinology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ilpo T. Huhtaniemi
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Judith E. Adams
- Clinical Radiology, Imaging Science and Biomedical Engineering, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Kate A. Ward
- Clinical Radiology, Imaging Science and Biomedical Engineering, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
- MRC-Human Nutrition Research, Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Gyorgy Bartfai
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Andrology, Albert Szent-Gyorgy Medical University, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Felipe F. Casanueva
- Department of Medicine, Santiago de Compostela University, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS), CIBER de Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutricion (CB06/03), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Joseph D. Finn
- Arthritis Research UK Epidemiology Unit, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Gianni Forti
- Andrology Unit, Department of Clinical Physiopathology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Aleksander Giwercman
- Scanian Andrology Centre, Department of Urology, Malmö University Hospital, University of Lund, Lund, Sweden
| | - Thang S. Han
- Department of Endocrinology, Royal Free and University College Hospital Medical School, Royal Free Hospital, Hampstead, London
| | - Krzysztof Kula
- Department of Andrology and Reproductive Endocrinology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Michael E. Lean
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Neil Pendleton
- Clinical Gerontology, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Hope Hospital, Salford, United Kingdom
| | - Margus Punab
- Andrology Unit, United Laboratories of Tartu University Clinics, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Frederick C. Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, Manchester Royal Infirmary, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Kate L. Holliday
- Arthritis Research UK Epidemiology Unit, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Terence W. O'Neill
- Arthritis Research UK Epidemiology Unit, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Wang Y, Boyd SK, Battié MC, Yasui Y, Videman T. Is greater lumbar vertebral BMD associated with more disk degeneration? A study using µCT and discography. J Bone Miner Res 2011; 26:2785-91. [PMID: 21786320 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
It is well documented that osteoarthritis is associated with greater BMD in peripheral extremities. Yet the relationship between vertebral BMD and disk degeneration (DD) remains controversial in the lumbar spine, which may be due largely to the inadequacies of BMD and DD measures. Aiming to clarify the association between vertebral BMD and adjacent DD, we studied 137 cadaveric lumbar vertebrae and 209 corresponding intervertebral disks from the spines of 48 white men aged 21 to 64 years. DD was evaluated using discography. The vertebrae were scanned using a micro-computed tomography (µCT) system to obtain volumetric BMD for the whole vertebra, the vertebral body, the vertebral body excluding osteophytes, and the vertebral body excluding osteophytes and endplates. A random effects model was used to examine the association between the different definitions of vertebral BMD and adjacent DD. No significant association was found between the BMD of the whole vertebra and adjacent DD. However, when the posterior elements were excluded, there was a significant association between greater vertebral body BMD and more severe degeneration in the disk cranial to the vertebra. This association remained after further excluding osteophytes and endplates from the vertebral body BMD measurements. Also, a trend of greater BMD of the vertebral body associated with more adjacent DD was evident. These results clarify the association between vertebral BMD and DD and specifically indicate that it is higher BMD of the vertebral body, not the entire vertebra, that is associated with more severe adjacent DD. This association may be obscured by the posterior elements and is not confounded by osteophytes and endplate sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Kim T, Sung J, Song YM, Lee K, Cho SI. Sex difference between body composition and weight-bearing bone mineral density in Korean adult twins: healthy twin study. Calcif Tissue Int 2011; 88:495-502. [PMID: 21479597 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-011-9483-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2010] [Accepted: 03/06/2011] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
We performed a monozygotic (MZ) cotwin-control study using the MZ twin pair difference in bone mineral density (BMD) to assess the relationship between body composition and BMD at weight-bearing sites. This study controlled for common genetic factors and applied only to environmental factors, using 185 MZ twin pairs aged 30-50 years (140 male subjects, 230 female subjects). As expected, total lean mass (TLM) was greater in males and total fat mass (TFM) was greater in females. In male twins, TLM was associated with BMD at the legs, pelvis, and spine, with percent BMD increases of 0.41 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.17-0.64), 0.62 (95% CI 0.35-0.89), and 0.27 (95% CI 0.01-0.54) for every 1 kg. In female twins, TFM was associated with BMD at the legs and pelvis, with percent BMD increases of 0.10 (95% CI 0.03-0.17) and 0.10 (95% CI 0.02-0.18) for every 1 kg. The results support the hypothesis that skeletal muscle and bone mass in middle-aged men are linked. In contrast, this association was not shown in women, and the impact of TFM on BMD was significant. Therefore, there were sex differences in the relationship of body composition on BMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taehun Kim
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, South Korea
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Tolonen S, Mikkilä V, Laaksonen M, Sievänen H, Mononen N, Hernesniemi J, Vehkalahti K, Viikari J, Raitakari O, Kähönen M, Lehtimäki T. Association of apolipoprotein E promoter polymorphisms with bone structural traits is modified by dietary saturated fat intake - the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns study. Bone 2011; 48:1058-65. [PMID: 21266206 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2011.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2010] [Revised: 12/03/2010] [Accepted: 01/14/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Association of apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele with peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) bone traits at the distal and shaft sites of the radius and tibia was evaluated in the Young Finns Cohort (n=1777). We also analyzed the interactions of the APOE promoter polymorphisms (-219G/T rs405509 and +113G/C rs440446) and bone traits within the APOE ε3/ε3 genotype (n=1025 and n=1013, respectively), and investigated the gene-environment interactions on bone traits with longitudinal saturated fatty acids (SAFA) intake. Differences between the ε4 allele carriers and noncarriers were modest and mostly nonsignificant. Within the APOE promoter -219G/T polymorphism, cortical strength index (CSI) and compressive bone strength index (BSI) at the distal radius (linear, P=0.003 and P=0.05, respectively) and tibia (linear, P=0.01 and P=0.03, respectively), and CSI at the tibial shaft (linear, P=0.04) decreased towards the -219T/T genotype in women. In men, total cross-sectional areas at the radial site and stress-strain index (SSI) at the radial shaft (linear, P=0.03 and P=0.04 and P=0.05, respectively) increased, and conversely cortical bone density and CSI at the radial shaft (linear, P=0.005 and P=0.05, respectively) and CSI at the tibial shaft (linear, P=0.03) decreased towards the -219T/T genotype. In the highest SAFA tertile, women with the -219T/T genotype had the smallest total area and SSI at the radial shaft (P=0.01 and P=0.02, respectively). Subjects with the APOE +113C/C genotype shared similar bone traits as subjects with the APOE -219T/T genotype. In conclusion, APOE genotypes -219T/T and +113C/C could be genetic markers for cortical bone strength. Furthermore, high longitudinal SAFA intake seems to be more detrimental to bone in women with the -219T/T and +133C/C genotypes than others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanna Tolonen
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Finland
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Pineda B, Tarín JJ, Hermenegildo C, Laporta P, Cano A, García-Pérez MÁ. Gene-gene interaction between CD40 and CD40L reduces bone mineral density and increases osteoporosis risk in women. Osteoporos Int 2011; 22:1451-8. [PMID: 20577873 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-010-1324-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2009] [Accepted: 06/01/2010] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY We have analysed the association of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in CD40 and CD40L genes with bone mineral density (BMD) in our women. Results showed that women with TT genotype for rs1883832 (CD40) and for rs1126535 (CD40L) SNPs displayed reduced BMD and increased risk for osteopenia/osteoporosis. Our data notwithstanding, the results need to be replicated. INTRODUCTION Recent data have revealed that the CD40/CD40L system can be implicated in bone metabolism regulation. Moreover, we previously demonstrated that rs1883832 in the CD40 gene was significantly associated with BMD and osteoporosis risk. The objective of the present work was to determine whether polymorphisms in CD40 and CD40L genes are associated with BMD and osteoporosis risk. METHODS We conducted an association study of BMD values with SNPs in CD40 and CD40L genes in a population of 811 women of which 693 and 711 had femoral neck (FN) and lumbar spine (LS) densitometric studies, respectively. RESULTS Women with the TT genotype for rs1883832 (CD40) showed a reduction in FN-BMD (P = 0.005) and LS-BMD (P = 0.020) when compared with women with the CC/CT genotype. Moreover, we found that rs1126535 (CD40L) was significantly associated with LS-BMD so that women with the TT genotype displayed lower BMD (P = 0.014) than did women with the CC/CT genotype. Interestingly, we have found a strong interaction between polymorphisms in these genes. Thus, women with the TT genotype for both rs1883832 and rs1126535 SNPs (TT + TT women) showed a lower age-adjusted BMD (Z-score) for FN (P = 0.0007) and LS (0.007) after adjusting by years since menopause, body mass index, smoking and menopausal status, densitometer type, hormone replacement therapy (HRT) use and HRT duration and after making the Bonferroni adjustment for multiple comparisons than did the remaining women. Logistic regression analysis adjusted by these covariates showed that TT + TT women had increased risk for FN (odds ratio (OR) = 2.76; P = 0.006) and LS (OR = 2.39; P = 0.020) osteopenia or osteoporosis than did the other women. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that interaction between genetic variants in the CD40 and CD40L genes exerts a role on BMD regulation. Further studies, which we welcome, are needed to replicate these data in other populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Pineda
- Research Foundation, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Av. Blasco Ibáñez, 17, 46010 Valencia, Spain
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Fujita Y, Iki M, Ikeda Y, Morita A, Matsukura T, Nishino H, Yamagami T, Kagamimori S, Kagawa Y, Yoneshima H. Tracking of appendicular bone mineral density for 6 years including the pubertal growth spurt: Japanese Population-based Osteoporosis kids cohort study. J Bone Miner Metab 2011; 29:208-16. [PMID: 20711620 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-010-0213-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2010] [Accepted: 06/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Bone development up to early adulthood plays an important role in determining the risk of osteoporosis later in life. However, bone development in children has not been fully documented by longitudinal studies in Japanese children. The purpose of this study is to determine the degree of tracking of areal bone mineral density (aBMD) from pre-puberty to 6-year follow-up, and to determine the target period to achieve maximal peak aBMD. This study was conducted as the pediatric part of a larger cohort study, the Japanese Population-based Osteoporosis (JPOS) study. Of 448 children aged 9-12 years who completed the baseline survey, 225 participated in the follow-up study 6 years later (follow-up rate: 50.2%). aBMD at the forearm was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. aBMD values in pre-pubertal children at baseline showed a significant tracking correlation with aBMD obtained at 6-year follow-up in both genders (boys r = 0.655, girls r = 0.759). Although boys and girls in the lowest quartile of aBMD pre-pubertally had greater annual increases in aBMD from pre-puberty to 6-year follow-up than those in other aBMD quartiles, they still showed the lowest mean aBMD at 6-year follow-up. Children with lower pre-pubertal aBMD showed greater increases in BMD up until 6-year follow-up, but the increase was not great enough to catch up with other children. About 50% of the variance in aBMD at 6-year follow-up was determined by the aBMD achieved during the pre-pubertal period. Activities that increase aBMD are important not only for children during puberty, but also for younger pre-pubertal children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Fujita
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Kinki University, 377-2 Oono-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama, 589-8511, Japan
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35
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Adams MA, Dolan P. Biomechanics of the spine. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-06551-1.00004-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Crawford DC, Brown-Gentry K, Rieder MJ. VKORC1 common variation and bone mineral density in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. PLoS One 2010; 5:e15088. [PMID: 21179439 PMCID: PMC3001474 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0015088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2010] [Accepted: 10/20/2010] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis, defined by low bone mineral density (BMD), is common among postmenopausal women. The distribution of BMD varies across populations and is shaped by both environmental and genetic factors. Because the candidate gene vitamin K epoxide reductase complex subunit 1 (VKORC1) generates vitamin K quinone, a cofactor for the gamma-carboxylation of bone-related proteins such as osteocalcin, we hypothesized that VKORC1 genetic variants may be associated with BMD and osteoporosis in the general population. To test this hypothesis, we genotyped six VKORC1 SNPs in 7,159 individuals from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III). NHANES III is a nationally representative sample linked to health and lifestyle variables including BMD, which was measured using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) on four regions of the proximal femur. In adjusted models stratified by race/ethnicity and sex, SNPs rs9923231 and rs9934438 were associated with increased BMD (p = 0.039 and 0.024, respectively) while rs8050894 was associated with decreased BMD (p = 0.016) among non-Hispanic black males (n = 619). VKORC1 rs2884737 was associated with decreased BMD among Mexican-American males (n = 795; p = 0.004). We then tested for associations between VKORC1 SNPs and osteoporosis, but the results did not mirror the associations observed between VKORC1 and BMD, possibly due to small numbers of cases. This is the first report of VKORC1 common genetic variation associated with BMD, and one of the few reports available that investigate the genetics of BMD and osteoporosis in diverse populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana C Crawford
- Center for Human Genetics Research, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America.
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Pineda B, Hermenegildo C, Laporta P, Tarín JJ, Cano A, García-Pérez MÁ. Common polymorphisms rather than rare genetic variants of the Runx2 gene are associated with femoral neck BMD in Spanish women. J Bone Miner Metab 2010; 28:696-705. [PMID: 20407796 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-010-0183-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2010] [Accepted: 03/14/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
RUNX2 is a transcription factor essential for osteoblast differentiation and skeletal morphogenesis. Its mutation creates cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD), a disorder characterized by skeletal abnormalities and bone mineral density (BMD) alterations. The purpose of the present study has been to clarify whether polymorphisms affecting this gene could be associated with changes in BMD in women. To that end, we performed an association study of BMD values from 776 women with two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located at P2 promoter (-1025 T>C) and at exon 2 (+198 G>A), and with a deletion polymorphism (17Ala>11Ala), also located at exon 2. We found an association of -1025 T>C SNP with femoral neck BMD (FN-BMD), being the women of TC/CC genotype who have higher BMD than women of TT genotype (P = 0.006). This association was independent of age, weight, menopausal status, or hormone replacement therapy (HRT) use as shown by regression analysis. When women of highest versus lowest quartile of BMD were compared, this association became more evident (P = 0.002), extending also to +198 G>A SNP (GA/AA women with higher FN-BMD; P < 0.05). In addition, we describe herein three novel rare variants in the polyglutamine domain of RUNX2 protein: an in-frame insertion and two deletions in exon 2, resulting in the insertions of 7 and deletions of 7 and 5 glutamines, respectively. These variants do not produce CCD, increased frequency of bone fracture, or BMD alterations. In conclusion, common polymorphisms in Runx2 are associated with FN-BMD. Nevertheless, rare variants that modify the polyglutamine domain of RUNX2 neither have any effect on BMD nor produce the CCD phenotype. These results underscore the significance of polymorphisms in the 5'-region of Runx2 in the determination of FN-BMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Begoña Pineda
- Research Foundation, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Avenida Blasco Ibáñez 17, Valencia, Spain
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38
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Roshandel D, Holliday KL, Pye SR, Boonen S, Borghs H, Vanderschueren D, Huhtaniemi IT, Adams JE, Ward KA, Bartfai G, Casanueva F, Finn JD, Forti G, Giwercman A, Han TS, Kula K, Lean ME, Pendleton N, Punab M, Silman AJ, Wu FC, Thomson W, O'Neill TW. Genetic variation in the RANKL/RANK/OPG signaling pathway is associated with bone turnover and bone mineral density in men. J Bone Miner Res 2010; 25:1830-8. [PMID: 20205168 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine if single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in RANKL, RANK, and OPG influence bone turnover and bone mineral density (BMD) in men. Pairwise tag SNPs (r(2) > or = 0.8) were selected for RANKL, RANK, and OPG and their 10-kb flanking regions. Selected tag SNPs plus five SNPs near RANKL and OPG, associated with BMD in published genome-wide association studies (GWAS), were genotyped in 2653 men aged 40 to 79 years of age recruited for participation in a population-based study of male aging, the European Male Ageing Study (EMAS). N-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen (PINP) and C-terminal cross-linked telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX-I) serum levels were measured in all men. BMD at the calcaneus was estimated by quantitative ultrasound (QUS) in all men. Lumbar spine and total-hip areal BMD (BMD(a)) was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in a subsample of 620 men. Multiple OPG, RANK, and RANKL SNPs were associated with bone turnover markers. We also identified a number of SNPs associated with BMD, including rs2073618 in OPG and rs9594759 near RANKL. The minor allele of rs2073618 (C) was associated with higher levels of both PINP (beta = 1.83, p = .004) and CTX-I (beta = 17.59, p = 4.74 x 10(-4)), and lower lumbar spine BMD(a) (beta = -0.02, p = .026). The minor allele of rs9594759 (C) was associated with lower PINP (beta = -1.84, p = .003) and CTX-I (beta = -27.02, p = 6.06 x 10(-8)) and higher ultrasound BMD at the calcaneus (beta = 0.01, p = .037). Our findings suggest that genetic variation in the RANKL/RANK/OPG signaling pathway influences bone turnover and BMD in European men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delnaz Roshandel
- Arthritis Research UK, Epidemiology Unit, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
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Hong X, Arguelles LM, Liu X, Tsai HJ, Hsu YH, Wang B, Zhang S, Li Z, Tang G, Liu X, Yang J, Xu X, Langman C, Wang X. Percent fat mass is inversely associated with bone mass and hip geometry in rural Chinese adolescents. J Bone Miner Res 2010; 25:1544-54. [PMID: 20200956 PMCID: PMC3153997 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study was an attempt to examine the phenotypic, genetic, and environmental correlations between percent fat mass (PFM) and bone parameters, especially hip geometry, among 786 males and 618 females aged 13 to 21 years from a Chinese twin cohort. PFM, bone area (BA), bone mineral content (BMC), cross-sectional area (CSA), and section modulus (SM) were obtained by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Multiple linear regression models were used to assess the PFM-bone relationships. A structural equation model for twin design was used to estimate genetic/environmental influences on individual phenotype and phenotypic correlations. After controlling for body weight and other pertinent covariates, we observed inverse associations between PFM and bone parameters: Compared with the lowest age- and gender-specific tertile of PFM, males in the highest tertile of PFM had lower measures of whole-body-less-head BA (WB-BA), lumbar spine BA (L(2)-L(4)-BA), total-hip BA (TH-BA), total-hip BMC, CSA, and SM (p < .005 for all, adjusted p < .05). Similar inverse associations were observed in females for all the preceding parameters except WB-BA and L2-L(4)-BA. These associations did not vary significantly by Tanner stages. In both genders, the estimated heritabilities were 80% to 86% for BMC, 67% to 80% for BA, 74% to 77% for CSA, and 64% for SM. Both shared genetics and environmental factors contributed to the inverse PFM-bone correlations. We conclude that in this sample of relatively lean Chinese adolescents, at a given body weight, PFM is inversely associated with BA, BMC, and hip geometry in both genders, and such associations are attributed to both shared genetic and environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiumei Hong
- Mary Ann and J Milburn Smith Child Health Research Program, Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine and Children's Memorial Hospital and Children's Memorial Research Center, Chicago, IL 60614, USA
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Hwang JY, Kim SY, Lee SH, Kim GS, Go MJ, Kim SE, Kim HC, Shin HD, Park BL, Kim TH, Hong JM, Park EK, Kim HL, Lee JY, Koh JM. Association of TWIST1 gene polymorphisms with bone mineral density in postmenopausal women. Osteoporos Int 2010; 21:757-64. [PMID: 19597909 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-009-1009-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2009] [Accepted: 06/12/2009] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED A novel polymorphism (+1871A>G) in the 3' flanking region and haplotypes were significantly associated with reduced osteoporosis risk and enhanced bone mineral density (BMD). These results suggest that TWIST1 may be a useful genetic marker for osteoporosis. Our results provide preliminary evidence supporting an association of TWIST1 with osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. INTRODUCTION TWIST1, a basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor, has been implicated in cell lineage determination and differentiation. METHODS To address the genetic variations in the TWIST1 gene associated with osteoporosis, we investigated the potential involvement of three TWIST1 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in osteoporosis in 729 postmenopausal women. BMD was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. RESULTS A novel polymorphism in the 3' flanking region (+1871A>G) was significantly associated with osteoporosis risk (p = 0.007-0.008) and also in multiple comparison (p = 0.02). Consistent with these results, haplotype analysis showed that Block1_ht2 had protective effects in the dominant and additive model (p = 0.006-0.007). Specifically, the +1871A>G polymorphism was overdominantly associated with higher BMD values of the femoral neck (p = 0.039). CONCLUSION These results suggest that TWIST1 may be a useful genetic marker for osteoporosis and may have a role on bone metabolism in humans. Our results provide preliminary evidence supporting an association of TWIST1 with osteoporosis in postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-Y Hwang
- The Center for Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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IL21R and PTH may underlie variation of femoral neck bone mineral density as revealed by a genome-wide association study. J Bone Miner Res 2010; 25:1042-8. [PMID: 19874204 PMCID: PMC3153368 DOI: 10.1359/jbmr.091040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Bone mineral density (BMD) measured at the femoral neck (FN) is the most important risk phenotype for osteoporosis and has been used as a reference standard for describing osteoporosis. The specific genes influencing FN BMD remain largely unknown. To identify such genes, we first performed a genome-wide association (GWA) analysis for FN BMD in a discovery sample consisting of 983 unrelated white subjects. We then tested the top significant single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs; 175 SNPs with p < 5 x 10(-4)) for replication in a family-based sample of 2557 white subjects. Combing results from these two samples, we found that two genes, parathyroid hormone (PTH) and interleukin 21 receptor (IL21R), achieved consistent association results in both the discovery and replication samples. The PTH gene SNPs, rs9630182, rs2036417, and rs7125774, achieved p values of 1.10 x 10(-4), 3.24 x 10(-4), and 3.06 x 10(-4), respectively, in the discovery sample; p values of 6.50 x 10(-4), 5.08 x 10(-3), and 5.68 x 10(-3), respectively, in the replication sample; and combined p values of 3.98 x 10(-7), 9.52 x 10(-6), and 1.05 x 10(-5), respectively, in the total sample. The IL21R gene SNPs, rs8057551, rs8061992, and rs7199138, achieved p values of 1.51 x 10(-4), 1.53 x 10(-4), and 3.88 x 10(-4), respectively, in the discovery sample; p values of 2.36 x 10(-3), 6.74 x 10(-3), and 6.41 x 10(-3), respectively, in the replication sample; and combined p values of 2.31 x 10(-6), 8.62 x 10(-6), and 1.41 x 10(-5), respectively, in the total sample. The effect size of each SNP was approximately 0.11 SD estimated in the discovery sample. PTH and IL21R both have potential biologic functions important to bone metabolism. Overall, our findings provide some new clues to the understanding of the genetic architecture of osteoporosis.
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Videman T, Gibbons LE, Kaprio J, Battié MC. Challenging the cumulative injury model: positive effects of greater body mass on disc degeneration. Spine J 2010; 10:26-31. [PMID: 19926343 DOI: 10.1016/j.spinee.2009.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2009] [Revised: 09/28/2009] [Accepted: 10/13/2009] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CONTEXT There are differing views as to the causes of disc degeneration. One view, referred to as a cumulative or repetitive injury model, explains disc degeneration, in great part, as the result of "wear and tear" on the disc from routine daily exposures to physical loading or biomechanical forces. Perhaps paradoxically, such physical loading has been thought to be generally beneficial for other structures of the musculoskeletal system. PURPOSE The goal of this study was to investigate the associations of physical loading from body weight using quantitative measures of disc degeneration. STUDY DESIGN This is an exposure-discordant twin study. METHODS We selected 44 pairs of healthy male monozygotic (MZ) twins with 8 kg or more discordance in body weight (mean 13 kg), with lumbar magnetic resonance imaging and bone density measurements available. The main outcome of disc degeneration was assessed through quantitatively measured disc height, and disc signal intensity and signal variation adjusted by the intrabody reference, adjacent cerebrospinal fluid signal, at L1-L4. Data on suspected constitutional and environmental risk factors were available for control of possible confounding factors. RESULTS Higher body weight was associated with 6.2% higher bone density in the lumbar spine, confirming an effective discordance (p<.0001). Disc signal variation was 5.4% higher ("better") among the heavier MZ co-twins (p=.005), but the 2.6% higher disc heights and 2.9% higher adjusted disc signals were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS Contrary to common beliefs, our findings suggest that cumulative or repetitive loading because of higher body mass (nearly 30 pounds on average) was not harmful to the discs. In fact, a slight delay in L1-L4 disc desiccation was observed in the heavier men, as compared with their lighter twin brothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapio Videman
- The Finnish Twin Cohort Study, Department of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2G4, Canada.
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Hwang JY, Lee SH, Kim GS, Koh JM, Go MJ, Kim YJ, Kim HC, Kim TH, Hong JM, Park EK, Lee JY, Kim SY. HSD11B1 polymorphisms predicted bone mineral density and fracture risk in postmenopausal women without a clinically apparent hypercortisolemia. Bone 2009; 45:1098-103. [PMID: 19651257 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2009.07.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2009] [Revised: 07/16/2009] [Accepted: 07/28/2009] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Endogenous glucocorticoid (GC) may participate in bone physiology, even in subjects with no glucocorticoid excess. 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (HSD11B1) is a primary regulator catalyzing the reduction of inactive cortisone to active cortisol. To elucidate genetic relevance of HSD11B1 variants to vertebral fracture and osteoporosis, we investigated the potential involvement of six HSD11B1 SNPs in postmenopausal women. METHODS All exons, their boundaries and the promoter region (approximately 1.5 kb) were directly sequenced in 24 individuals. Six polymorphisms were selected and genotyped in all study participants (n=1329). BMD was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. RESULTS HSD11B1 +16374C>T and +27447G>C were associated with reduced vertebral fracture risk (p=0.016 and 0.032, respectively). Two of these (LD block2) in intron 5 (rs1000283 and rs932335) were significantly associated with bone mineral density (BMD) at the femoral neck (p=0.00005 and 0.0002, respectively). Specifically, HSD11B1 +16374C>T and +27447G>C polymorphisms were associated with higher BMD values of the femoral neck in multiple comparison (p=0.0002 and 0.0004, respectively) and Bonferroni corrected significance level (97% power). Consistent with these results, HSD11B1-ht21 and -ht22 comprising both SNPs also showed the evidence of association with BMD values of the femoral neck (p(domiant)=0.0002 and p(recessive)=0.00005, respectively). CONCLUSION Our results provide preliminary evidence supporting an association of HSD11B1 with osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. Also, these findings demonstrate that +16374C>T polymorphism may be useful genetic markers for bone metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo-Yeon Hwang
- The Center for Genome Science, National Institute of Health, 5 Nokbun-dong, Eunpyung-gu, Seoul, 122-701, Republic of Korea
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Lapauw B, Taes Y, Goemaere S, Toye K, Zmierczak HG, Kaufman JM. Anthropometric and skeletal phenotype in men with idiopathic osteoporosis and their sons is consistent with deficient estrogen action during maturation. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009; 94:4300-8. [PMID: 19773402 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2009-0568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Pathophysiology of deficient bone mass acquisition in male idiopathic osteoporosis (IO) remains poorly understood. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to investigate volumetric and geometric parameters of the appendicular skeleton, biochemical markers, and anthropometrics in men with IO. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Our cross-sectional study included 107 men diagnosed with idiopathic low bone mass, 23 of their adult sons, and 130 age-matched controls. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Body composition and areal bone parameters (dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry) and volumetric and geometric parameters of radius and tibia (peripheral quantitative computed tomography) were assessed. Serum levels of testosterone, estradiol (E(2)), and SHBG, and bone turnover markers were measured using immunoassays. Free hormone fractions were calculated. RESULTS Men with idiopathic low bone mass had lower weight (-9.6%), truncal height (-3.3%), and upper/lower body segment ratio (-2.7%; all P < 0.001) and presented at the radius and tibia lower trabecular (-19.0 and -23.6%, respectively; both P < 0.001) and cortical volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) (-2.4 and -1.7%; both P < 0.001) and smaller cortical areas (-9.7 and -13.6%; both P < 0.001) and thicknesses (-13.5 and -14.5%, both P < 0.001) due to larger endosteal circumferences (+11.8 and +7.4%, both P < 0.001) than controls. Furthermore, (free) E(2) was lower and SHBG higher (both P < 0.01). Their sons had lower trabecular vBMD (-10.3%, P = 0.036) and a thinner cortex (-8.3%, P = 0.024) at the radius. CONCLUSION Bone mass deficits in men with idiopathic low bone mass involve trabecular and cortical bone, resulting from lower vBMD and smaller cortical bone cross-sectional areas and thicknesses. A similar bone phenotype is present in at least part of their sons. The lower E(2), together with characteristics as lower upper/lower body segment ratio, larger endosteal circumferences and lower vBMD, may indicate an estrogen-related factor in the pathogenesis of male IO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Lapauw
- Department of Endocrinology and Unit for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Ghent University Hospital, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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Koh JM, Oh B, Ha MH, Cho KW, Lee JY, Park BL, Shin HD, Bae MA, Kim HJ, Hong JM, Kim TH, Shin HI, Lee SH, Kim GS, Kim SY, Park EK. Association of IL-15 polymorphisms with bone mineral density in postmenopausal Korean women. Calcif Tissue Int 2009; 85:369-78. [PMID: 19756346 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-009-9290-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2009] [Accepted: 08/11/2009] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-15 (IL-15) has been suggested to participate in bone metabolism by stimulating osteoclast differentiation and mediating inflammatory bone loss. This study investigated the effect of IL-15 gene polymorphisms on the bone mineral density (BMD) and bone fracture rates of postmenopausal women. Sequencing of the IL-15 gene in 24 Koreans revealed 16 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), of which five were selected for further study. Postmenopausal Korean women (n = 844) were genotyped for these SNPs, and their BMDs and risk of fractures were assessed. It was found that the +20A > G, +13467C > A, +13653A > T, and +13815A > T IL-15 gene polymorphisms were significantly associated with the BMD of the lumbar spine and femoral neck and that their effects were gene-dose dependent. BMD was reduced when the minor allele of +13467A and +13653T or the common allele of +20A and +13815A was present. Haplotype (ht) analyses revealed that ht1 (GCAT) and ht2 (AATA) were associated with BMD of the lumbar spine and femoral neck. However, there was no association between the risk of fracture and IL-15 SNPs or hts. These results suggest that the +20A > G, +13467C > A, +13653A > T, and +13815A > T SNPs in the IL-15 gene affect BMD and, thus, could be genetic markers of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Min Koh
- Skeletal Diseases Genome Research Center, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 700-412, Korea
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BECK BELINDAR. Muscle Forces or Gravity-What Predominates Mechanical Loading on Bone? Med Sci Sports Exerc 2009; 41:2033-6. [DOI: 10.1249/mss.0b013e3181a8c4b6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Abstract
The risk of osteoporotic fracture is a function of both applied muscle mass and bone tissue distribution. Leg lean mass (LLM) and femoral bone geometry are both known to have substantial genetic components. Therefore, we estimated shared heritability (h(2)) and performed linkage analysis to identify chromosomal regions governing both LLM and bone geometry. A genome-wide scan (using 636 microsatellite markers) for linkage analyses was performed on 1346 adults from 327 extended families of the Framingham study. DXA measures were LLM, femoral neck length, neck-shaft angle (NSA), subperiosteal width, cross-sectional area (CSA), and section modulus (Z) at the femoral narrow neck and shaft (S) regions. Variance component linkage analysis was performed on normalized residuals (adjusted for age, height, BMI, and estrogen status in women). The results indicated substantial h(2) for LLM (0.42 +/- 0.07) that was comparable to bone geometry traits. Phenotypic correlations between LLM and bone geometry phenotypes ranged from 0.033 with NSA (p > 0.05) to 0.251 with S_Z (p < 0.001); genetic correlations ranged from 0.087 (NSA, p > 0.05) to 0.454 (S_Z, p < 0.001). Univariate linkage analysis of covariate-adjusted LLM identified no chromosomal regions with LOD scores >or=2.0; however, bivariate analysis identified two loci with LOD scores >3.0, shared by LLM with S_CSA on chromosome 12p12.3-12p13.2, and with NSA, on 14q21.3-22.1. In conclusion, we identified chromosomal regions potentially linked to both LLM and femoral bone geometry. Identification and subsequent characterization of these shared loci may further elucidate the genetic contributions to both osteoporosis and sarcopenia.
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Junno JA, Niskanen M, Nieminen MT, Maijanen H, Niinimäki J, Bloigu R, Tuukkanen J. Temporal trends in vertebral size and shape from medieval to modern-day. PLoS One 2009; 4:e4836. [PMID: 19279681 PMCID: PMC2652716 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0004836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2009] [Accepted: 02/03/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Human lumbar vertebrae support the weight of the upper body. Loads lifted and carried by the upper extremities cause significant loading stress to the vertebral bodies. It is well established that trauma-induced vertebral fractures are common especially among elderly people. The aim of this study was to investigate the morphological factors that could have affected the prevalence of trauma-related vertebral fractures from medieval times to the present day. To determine if morphological differences existed in the size and shape of the vertebral body between medieval times and the present day, the vertebral body size and shape was measured from the 4th lumbar vertebra using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and standard osteometric calipers. The modern samples consisted of modern Finns and the medieval samples were from archaeological collections in Sweden and Britain. The results show that the shape and size of the 4th lumbar vertebra has changed significantly from medieval times in a way that markedly affects the biomechanical characteristics of the lumbar vertebral column. These changes may have influenced the incidence of trauma- induced spinal fractures in modern populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juho-Antti Junno
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
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