1
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Chanpaisaeng K, Reyes‐Fernandez PC, Dilkes B, Fleet JC. Diet X Gene Interactions Control Femoral Bone Adaptation To Low Dietary Calcium. JBMR Plus 2022; 6:e10668. [PMID: 36111202 PMCID: PMC9465001 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Krittikan Chanpaisaeng
- Functional Ingredients and Food Innovation Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA) Pathum Thani Thailand
| | - Perla C. Reyes‐Fernandez
- School of Health and Human Sciences, Department of Physical Therapy Indiana University ‐ Purdue University Indianapolis Indianapolis IN USA
| | - Brian Dilkes
- Center for Plant Biology Purdue University West Lafayette IN USA
- Department of Biochemistry Purdue University West Lafayette IN USA
| | - James C. Fleet
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and the Dell Pediatric Research Institute University of Texas Austin TX USA
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2
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Genetic and serum markers in adult degenerative scoliosis: a literature review. Spine Deform 2022; 10:479-488. [PMID: 34846717 DOI: 10.1007/s43390-021-00451-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Literature review. OBJECTIVE Adult degenerative scoliosis (ADS) is becoming a more prevalent diagnosis with an increasing elderly population. Our objective is to provide a literature review of genetic and serum markers in ADS. METHODS A literature review was conducted in the various databases from their inception to July 2020. Studies that reviewed any genetic or serum markers of ADS whether in detection or progression were selected. Studies that reviewed congenital scoliosis or adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) were excluded. RESULTS A total of 1447 titles were identified of which 14 were included in the final review. Two papers reported on serum markers pertaining to serum cartilage metabolites and pentosidine. Twelve studies reported on genetic markers including gene polymorphisms in estrogen receptors, parathyroid hormone receptors, interleukin 6, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), COL2A1, GPRIN1, TRAIL, GRIN receptor, RIMS, LBX1 as well as copy number variations. CONCLUSIONS Serum markers of osteoarthritis and sarcopenia have been found to be significantly elevated in ADS patients as well. Numerous polymorphisms have been found in a variety of genes playing key roles in bone formation and regulation. Further research is needed in validating previous studies as well as identifying other biomarkers for patients at risk for developing ADS.
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3
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Gutiérrez-Prieto SJ, Torres-López DM, García-Robayo DA, Rey-Cubillos JA, Gómez-Rodríguez M. Clinical and Molecular Study of the NOG Gene in Families with Mandibular Micrognathism. Eur J Dent 2021; 15:746-754. [PMID: 34592770 PMCID: PMC8630938 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1726162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives
Previous studies showed that noggin gene (
NOG
) sequence alterations, as well as epigenetic factors, could influence mandibular development. The aim of this study was to analyze clinical characteristics,
NOG
gene sequences, and promoter methylation sites in patients with mandibular micrognathism.
Materials and Methods
A total of 35 individuals of five Colombian families were subject to clinical and cephalometric analysis for mandibular micrognathism. One nonaffected individual of each family was included as a control. DNA was isolated from whole blood sample from all individuals by salting out method. Nine
NOG
gene fragments were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequenced. Identification of CpG islands for methylation analysis at the
NOG
gene promoter was performed by MSP-PCR kit (Qiagen R).
Statistical Analysis
A descriptive statistical analysis was carried out evaluating the presence or absence of genetics variants and the methylation sites in the NOG gene.
ResultsNOG
sequence results of affected individuals with mandibular micrognathism for one of the families studied demonstrated that they were heterozygous for 672 C/A (new mutation). For a second family, individuals were heterozygous for 567 G/C (single nucleotide polymorphism [SNP] RS116716909). For DNA analyzed from all patients studied, no methylations were observed at the
NOG
gene promoter region.
Conclusion
Our results suggested that 672 C/A and 567 G/C variants could be involved in the presence of mandibular micrognathism. Moreover, lack of methylation sites at the
NOG
gene promoter region of all individuals studied suggests possibly other epigenetic factors could modulate mandibular growth. The search of genetic variants related with mandibular micrognathism will allow to predict in an integral way the development patterns of the patients and therefore establish a better clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra J Gutiérrez-Prieto
- Department of Dental System, Department of Oral System, Center for Dental Research, School of Dentistry, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Diana M Torres-López
- Institute for Human Genetics, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Dabeiba A García-Robayo
- Department of Dental System, Department of Oral System, Center for Dental Research, School of Dentistry, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Jorge A Rey-Cubillos
- Postgraduate Department, School of Medicine, Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Mariluz Gómez-Rodríguez
- Department of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, School of Engineering and Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana Cali, Cali, Colombia
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4
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Vazquez-Villegas ML, Rodriguez-Jimenez NA, Contreras-Haro B, Vasquez-Jimenez JC, Perez-Guerrero EE, Moran-Moguel MC, Sánchez-Rodríguez EN, Villagómez-Vega A, Nuño-Arana I, Becerra-Alvarado IN, Rubio-Arellano ED, Nava-Valdivia CA, Ponce-Guarneros JM, Fajardo-Robledo NS, Nava-Zavala AH, Gonzalez-Lopez L, Saldaña-Cruz AM. Genotypic Analyses of the Sclerostin rs851056 and Dickkopf rs1569198 Polymorphisms in Mexican-Mestizo Postmenopausal Osteoporosis: A Case-Control Study. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2021; 25:211-217. [PMID: 33734895 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2020.0199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The Wnt/β catenin pathway promotes bone mineralization stimulating proliferation, differentiation, and survival of osteoblasts; it also inhibits osteoclast differentiation and osteocyte activity. Sclerostin (SOST) and Dickkopf 1 (DKK1) are Wnt/β catenin pathway inhibitors. Genetic variability in the expression of SOST and DKK1 might be involved in the development of postmenopausal osteoporosis (OP). Aim: To determine whether the SOST rs851056 and DKK1 rs1569198 polymorphisms are associated with OP in Mexican-Mestizo postmenopausal women. Materials and Methods: Two hundred and eighty Mexican-Mestizo postmenopausal women were assessed for their bone mineral density by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Patients were classified as OP or non-OP. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes. Genetic polymorphisms were analyzed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction using TaqMan probes. Results: The frequency of OP was 40% among the study population. Osteoporotic patients were older (p < 0.001), had a higher frequency of smoking (p = 0.01), and lower body mass index (p < 0.001) compared with the non-osteoporotic patients. The genotypic frequencies of the rs851056 locus of the SOST gene were GG 19%, GC 45%, and CC 35%, whereas the genotypic frequencies of the rs1569198 locus of the DKK1 gene were GG 15%, GA 40%, and AA 44%. In relation to rs851056 locus of the SOST gene, no differences were observed between the OP and non-OP cohorts in the frequencies of the GC polymorphism (48.7% vs. 43.1%). Similarly, analyses of the DKK1 rs1569198 does not demonstrate differences in the GA genotypic frequencies between the OP and non-OP cohorts (42.5% vs. 38.9%). Conclusion: Polymorphisms SOST rs851056 and DKK1 rs1569198 polymorphisms are not associated with OP in Mexican-Mestizo postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria L Vazquez-Villegas
- Departamento de Salud Pública, Instituto Regional de Investigación en Salud Pública, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, México.,Departamento de Epidemiologia, Unidad de Medicina Familiar N°, 4, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Guadalajara, México
| | - Norma A Rodriguez-Jimenez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Instituto de Terapéutica Experimental y Clínica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, México
| | - Betsabe Contreras-Haro
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomedicas, Centro Universitario de Tonalá, Universidad de Guadalajara, Tonalá, México
| | - Jose C Vasquez-Jimenez
- Centro Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Colima, Colima, México
| | - Edsaul E Perez-Guerrero
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, México
| | - Maria-Cristina Moran-Moguel
- Departamento de Disciplinas Fisiológico, Metodológico e Instrumental, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, México
| | - Esther N Sánchez-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Programa de Doctorado en Farmacología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, México
| | - Alejandra Villagómez-Vega
- Departamento de Fisiología, Programa de Doctorado en Farmacología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, México
| | - Ismael Nuño-Arana
- Instituto de Investigación en Genética Molecular, Centro Universitario de la Ciénega, Universidad de Guadalajara, Ocotlán, México
| | - Itzel N Becerra-Alvarado
- Departamento de Fisiología, Programa de Doctorado en Farmacología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, México
| | - Edy D Rubio-Arellano
- Departamento de Fisiología, Instituto de Terapéutica Experimental y Clínica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, México
| | - Cesar A Nava-Valdivia
- Departamento de Microbiología y Patología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, México
| | - Juan M Ponce-Guarneros
- Departamento de Fisiología, Instituto de Terapéutica Experimental y Clínica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, México
| | - Nicte S Fajardo-Robledo
- Laboratorio de Investigación y Desarrollo Farmacéutico, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Arnulfo H Nava-Zavala
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica 02, UMAE, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, México.,Programa Internacional Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Guadalajara, Zapopan, México.,División de Medicina Interna, Servicio de Inmunología y Reumatología, Hospital General de Occidente, Secretaria de Salud Jalisco, Zapopan, México
| | - Laura Gonzalez-Lopez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Programa de Doctorado en Farmacología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, México.,Departamento de Salud Pública, Doctorado en Salud Pública, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, México
| | - Ana M Saldaña-Cruz
- Departamento de Fisiología, Instituto de Terapéutica Experimental y Clínica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, México
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5
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Farrell M, Fairfield H, Costa S, D'Amico A, Falank C, Brooks DJ, Reagan MR. Sclerostin-Neutralizing Antibody Treatment Rescues Negative Effects of Rosiglitazone on Mouse Bone Parameters. J Bone Miner Res 2021; 36:158-169. [PMID: 32845528 PMCID: PMC8080259 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Obesity, a growing pandemic, is a risk factor for many cancers and causes increased bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT). in vitro studies and obese animal models suggest that BMAT contributes to cancer progression, but there is a lack of preclinical models to directly test BMAT's role in cancer. Overactivation of peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) can skew bone formation and resorption rates, resulting in increased BMAT and trabecular bone loss. Thiazolidinediones (eg, rosiglitazone) are anti-diabetic therapies that promote adipogenesis through PPARγ activation. We investigated if rosiglitazone increases BMAT in an immunocompromised model, commonly used in cancer research, and if these effects could be reversed by co-administering a bone anabolic agent (sclerostin-neutralizing antibody [Scl-Ab]), which has been shown to inhibit adipogenesis, using DXA, μCT, OsO4 μCT, and dynamic histomorphometry. Four weeks of rosiglitazone in female SCID Beige mice (cohort 1) significantly decreased trabecular bone volume (BV/TV) by about one-half, through increased osteoclast and suppressed osteoblast activity, and significantly increased BMAT. In cohort 2, mice were administered rosiglitazone ± Scl-Ab for 4 weeks, and then rosiglitazone was discontinued and Scl-Ab or vehicle were continued for 6 weeks. Scl-Ab significantly increased bone parameters (eg, BV/TV, N.Ob/B.Pm, and MS/BS) in both groups. Scl-Ab also overcame many negative effects of rosiglitazone (eg, effects on trabecular bone parameters, increased mineralization lag time [MLT], and decreased bone formation rate [BFR]). Interestingly, Scl-Ab significantly decreased rosiglitazone-induced BMAT in the femur, mostly due to a reduction in adipocyte size, but had a much weaker effect on tibial BMAT. These data suggest targeting sclerostin can prevent rosiglitazone-induced bone loss and reduce BM adiposity, in some, but not all BMAT locations. Collectively, our data demonstrate that rosiglitazone increases BMAT in SCID Beige mice, but concomitant changes in bone may confound its use to specifically determine BMAT's role in tumor models. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariah Farrell
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, USA.,Biology Department, University of Southern Maine, Portland, ME, USA
| | - Heather Fairfield
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, USA.,Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Samantha Costa
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, USA.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
| | - Anastasia D'Amico
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, USA.,Biology Department, University of Southern Maine, Portland, ME, USA
| | - Carolyne Falank
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, USA
| | - Daniel J Brooks
- Center for Skeletal Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michaela R Reagan
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, USA.,Biology Department, University of Southern Maine, Portland, ME, USA.,Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
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6
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Chen B, Du Z, Dong X, Li Z, Wang Q, Chen G, Zhang G, Song Y. Association of Variant Interactions in RANK, RANKL, OPG, TRAF6, and NFATC1 Genes with the Development of Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head. DNA Cell Biol 2019; 38:734-746. [PMID: 31149839 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2019.4710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple gene polymorphisms have been demonstrated to correlate with the susceptibility to osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH). However, as a complex disease induced by multiple genes, the development of ONFH has rarely been reported to involve in gene interaction. In this study, we first explored the association of 10 variants interactions in receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B (RANK), RANK ligand (RANKL), osteoprotegerin (OPG), tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6), and nuclear factor of activated T cells cytoplasmic 1 (NFATC1) genes with the development and clinical phenotypes of ONFH in a 377 ONFH case-control study with using Mass ARRAY® platform. Our results showed that not only a total of 6 interactional variants in the paired 10 variants interactions were significantly associated with the development of ONFH (OPG rs2073617 and NFATC1 rs754093, p < 0.019; OPG rs2073618 and NFATC1 rs754093, p < 0.008; OPG rs2073617 and RANKL rs1054016, p < 0.039, respectively) but also a total of 4 paired interactional variants were found to involve significantly in the increased risk of bilateral hip lesions in ONFH (OPG rs2073617 and TRAF6 rs5030411, p = 0.044; RANK rs884205 and TRAF6 rs5030411, p = 0.045, respectively). Moreover, the results from generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction also showed that the five best models were identified and associated significantly with ONFH risk, p = 0.001, 0.01, 0.01, 0.01, and 0.01, respectively. Our results first suggest that the variants in RANK/RANKL/OPG pathway genes affected the development of ONFH in gene interaction manner through the interaction of the paired variants and multiple variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingpeng Chen
- 1 Department of Orthopedics, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenwu Du
- 1 Department of Orthopedics, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China.,2 Department of Research Center, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China.,3 The Engineering Research Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Cell Treatment for Metabolic Bone Diseases of Jilin Province, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoming Dong
- 1 Department of Orthopedics, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoyan Li
- 1 Department of Orthopedics, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China.,2 Department of Research Center, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingyu Wang
- 1 Department of Orthopedics, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China.,2 Department of Research Center, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Gaoyang Chen
- 1 Department of Orthopedics, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China.,2 Department of Research Center, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Guizhen Zhang
- 1 Department of Orthopedics, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China.,2 Department of Research Center, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China.,3 The Engineering Research Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Cell Treatment for Metabolic Bone Diseases of Jilin Province, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Song
- 1 Department of Orthopedics, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China.,3 The Engineering Research Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Cell Treatment for Metabolic Bone Diseases of Jilin Province, Changchun, People's Republic of China
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7
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Chen D, Xie R, Shu B, Landay AL, Wei C, Reiser J, Spagnoli A, Torquati A, Forsyth CB, Keshavarzian A, Sumner DR. Wnt signaling in bone, kidney, intestine, and adipose tissue and interorgan interaction in aging. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2018; 1442:48-60. [PMID: 30101565 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Over the last two decades, it has become increasingly apparent that Wnt signaling plays a critical role in development and adult tissue homeostasis in multiple organs and in the pathogenesis of many diseases. In particular, a crucial role for Wnt signaling in bone development and bone tissue homeostasis has been well recognized. Numerous genome-wide association studies confirmed the importance of Wnt signaling in controlling bone mass. Moreover, ample evidence suggests that Wnt signaling is essential for kidney, intestine, and adipose tissue development and homeostasis. Recent emerging evidence demonstrates that Wnt signaling may play a fundamental role in the aging process of those organs. New discoveries show that bone is not only the major reservoir for calcium and phosphate storage, but also the largest organ with multiple functions, including mineral and energy metabolism. The interactions among bone, kidney, intestine, and adipose tissue are controlled and regulated by several endocrine signals, including FGF23, klotho, sclerostin, osteocalcin, vitamin D, and leptin. Since the aging process is characterized by structural and functional decline in almost all tissues and organs, understanding the Wnt signaling-related interactions among bone, kidney, intestine, and adipose tissue in aging may shed light on the pathogenesis of age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Rong Xie
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Bing Shu
- Spine Research Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Alan L Landay
- Department of Microbial Pathogens and Immunity, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Changli Wei
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jochen Reiser
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Anna Spagnoli
- Department of Pediatrics, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Alfonso Torquati
- Department of Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Ali Keshavarzian
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - D Rick Sumner
- Department of Cell and Molecular Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
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8
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Gossmann A, Cao S, Brzyski D, Zhao LJ, Deng HW, Wang YP. A Sparse Regression Method for Group-Wise Feature Selection with False Discovery Rate Control. IEEE/ACM TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY AND BIOINFORMATICS 2018; 15:1066-1078. [PMID: 29990279 PMCID: PMC6326365 DOI: 10.1109/tcbb.2017.2780106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The method of Sorted L-One Penalized Estimation, or SLOPE, is a sparse regression method recently introduced by Bogdan et. al. [1] . It can be used to identify significant predictor variables in a linear model that may have more unknown parameters than observations. When the correlations between predictor variables are small, the SLOPE method is shown to successfully control the false discovery rate (the expected proportion of the irrelevant among all selected predictors) at a user specified level. However, the requirement for nearly uncorrelated predictors is too restrictive for genomic data, as demonstrated in our recent study [2] by an application of SLOPE to realistic simulated DNA sequence data. A possible solution is to divide the predictor variables into nearly uncorrelated groups, and to modify the procedure to select entire groups with an overall significant group effect, rather than individual predictors. Following this motivation, we extend SLOPE in the spirit of Group LASSO to Group SLOPE, a method that can handle group structures between the predictor variables, which are ubiquitous in real genomic data. Our theoretical results show that Group SLOPE controls the group-wise false discovery rate (gFDR), when groups are orthogonal to each other. For use in non-orthogonal settings, we propose two types of Monte Carlo based heuristics, which lead to gFDR control with Group SLOPE in simulations based on real SNP data. As an illustration of the merits of this method, an application of Group SLOPE to a dataset from the Framingham Heart Study results in the identification of some known DNA sequence regions associated with bone health, as well as some new candidate regions. The novel methods are implemented in the R package grpSLOPEMC , which is publicly available at https://github.com/agisga/grpSLOPEMC.
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9
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Ye W, Wang Y, Mei B, Hou S, Liu X, Wu G, Qin L, Zhao K, Huang Q. Computational and functional characterization of four SNPs in the SOST locus associated with osteoporosis. Bone 2018; 108:132-144. [PMID: 29307778 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The SOST gene encodes sclerostin, a C-terminal cysteine knot-like domain containing key negative regulator of osteoblastic bone formation that inhibits LRP5/6-mediated canonical Wnt signaling. Numerous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the SOST locus are firmly associated with bone mineral density (BMD) and fracture in genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and candidate gene association studies. However, the validation and mechanistic elucidation of causal genetic variants, especially for SNPs located beyond the promoter-proximal region, remain largely unresolved. By employing computational and experimental approaches, here we identify four SNPs rs1230399, rs7220711, rs1107748 and rs75901553 as functional variants which display allelic variation in SOST gene expression. The osteoporosis associated SNP rs1230399 in the SOST distal upstream regulatory region shows FOXA1 binding activity with subsequent transinactivation in a T allele-specific manner. The BMD GWAS lead SNPs rs7220711 and rs1107748 both reside in the 52-kb regulatory element deletion 35-kb downstream of the SOST gene which leads to Van Buchem disease. The rs7220711-A has a higher affinity for the transcriptional repressors MAFF or MAFK homodimers than rs7220711-G, while rs1107748 confers C allele specific transcriptional enhancer activity via a CTCF binding element. The variant rs75901553 C>T located in a conserved site of the SOST 3' UTR abolishes a target binding site for miR-98-5p which is negatively responsive to parathyroid hormone or 17β-estradiol in osteoblastic cell lines. Our findings uncover the biological consequences of four independent genetic variants in the SOST region and their important roles in SOST expression via diverse mechanisms, providing new insights into the genetics and molecular pathogenesis of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyuan Ye
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Ya Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Bing Mei
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Sasa Hou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Xinhong Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Guiju Wu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Longjuan Qin
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Kehui Zhao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Qingyang Huang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China.
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10
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Varley I, Hughes DC, Greeves JP, Fraser WD, Sale C. SNPs in the vicinity of P2X7R, RANK/RANKL/OPG and Wnt signalling pathways and their association with bone phenotypes in academy footballers. Bone 2018; 108:179-185. [PMID: 29325759 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2018.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Genotype plays an important role in influencing bone phenotypes, such as bone mineral density, but the role of genotype in determining responses of bone to exercise has yet to be elucidated. OBJECTIVE To determine whether 10 SNPs associated with genes in the vicinity of P2X7R, RANK/RANKL/OPG and Wnt Signalling Pathways are associated with bone phenotypes in elite academy footballers (Soccer players) and to determine whether these genotypes are associated with training induced changes in bone. Design, participants, and methods: 99 elite academy footballers volunteered to participate. Peripheral computed tomography of the tibia (4%, 14%, 38% and 66% sites) was performed immediately before and 12 weeks after an increase in football training volume. Genotypes were determined using proprietary fluorescence-based competitive allele-specific PCR assays. RESULTS No significant genotype by time interactions were shown for any of the SNPs analysed (P > .05). A main effect of genotype was shown. SOST SNP rs1877632 (trabecular density), P2X7R SNPs rs1718119 (cortical thickness and CSA), rs3751143 (SSI, CSA, cortical CSA and periosteal circumference) RANK/RANKL/OPG SNPs rs9594738 (periosteal circumference), rs1021188 (cortical thickness and CSA) and rs9594759 (cortical density) were associated with bone phenotypes (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS No association was shown between P2X7R, RANK/RANKL/OPG and Wnt Signalling SNPs and a change in bone phenotypes following 12 weeks of increased training volume in elite academy footballers. However, SNPs were associated with bone phenotypes pre training. These data highlight the complexity of the interaction between SNPs in the vicinity of the RANK/RANKL/OPG, P2X7R and Wnt metabolic regulatory pathways and bone phenotypes in elite academy footballers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Varley
- Musculoskeletal Physiology Research Group, Sport, Health and Performance Enhancement Research Centre, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK.
| | - David C Hughes
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Birmingham City University, City South Campus, Edgbaston B15 3TN, UK.
| | | | - William D Fraser
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, UK; Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norfolk, UK.
| | - Craig Sale
- Musculoskeletal Physiology Research Group, Sport, Health and Performance Enhancement Research Centre, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK.
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11
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The association of novel polymorphisms with stress fracture injury in Elite Athletes: Further insights from the SFEA cohort. J Sci Med Sport 2017; 21:564-568. [PMID: 29129460 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2017.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 09/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine, in conjunction with a wider investigation, whether 11 genetic variants in the vicinity of vitamin D, collagen and Wnt signalling pathways were associated with stress fracture injury in the Stress Fracture Elite Athlete (SFEA) cohort. DESIGN Genotype-phenotype association study. METHODS Self-reported stress fracture history and demographic data were recorded in 518 elite athletes, 449 male and 69 female (mean age 24.2±5.5 years) from the SFEA cohort. Elite athletes were assigned to two groups based on history of stress fracture injury. Data were analysed for the whole cohort and sub-stratified in to male only and multiple stress fracture cases. Genotype was determined using a proprietary fluorescence-based competitive allele-specific polymerase chain reaction assay. RESULTS SOST SNP rs1877632 and VDR SNPs rs10735810 and rs731236 were associated with stress fracture (p<0.05). In the whole cohort, rs1877632 heterozygotes and homozygotes of the rare allele combined made up 59% of stress fracture sufferers in comparison to 46% in the non-stress fracture group (p=0.05). In the multiple stress fracture cohort, homozygotes of the rare allele of rs10735810 and rs731236 showed an association with stress fracture when compared to those homozygotes for the common allele combined with heterozygotes (p=0.03; p=0.01). No significant associations were shown in the other SNPs analysed (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS These data suggest an important role for SOST SNP rs1877632 and VDR SNPs rs10735810 and rs731236 in the pathophysiology of stress fracture. This might be due to the role of the SNPs in the regulation of bone remodelling and adaptation to mechanical loading, with potential implications for the prevention and treatment of stress fracture injuries.
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Correa-Rodríguez M, Schmidt-RioValle J, Rueda-Medina B. The rs3736228 polymorphism in the LRP5 gene is associated with calcaneal ultrasound parameter but not with body composition in a cohort of young Caucasian adults. J Bone Miner Metab 2017; 35:694-700. [PMID: 28028632 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-016-0808-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the possible influence of low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 (LRP5) and sclerostin (SOST) genes as genetic factors contributing to calcaneal quantitative ultrasound (QUS) and body composition variables in a population of young Caucasian adults. The study population comprised a total of 575 individuals (mean age 20.41years; SD 2.36) whose bone mass was assessed through QUS to determine broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA, dB/MHz). Body composition measurements were performed using a body composition analyser. Seven single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of LRP5 (rs2306862, rs599083, rs556442 and rs3736228) and SOST (rs4792909, rs851054 and rs2023794) were selected as genetic markers and genotyped using TaqMan OpenArray® technology. Linear regression analysis was used to test the possible association of the tested SNPs with QUS and body composition parameters. Linear regression analysis revealed that the rs3736228 SNP of LPR5 was significantly associated with BUA after adjustment for age, sex, weight, height, physical activity and calcium intake (P = 0.028, β (95% CI) = 0.089 (0.099-1.691). For the remaining SNPs, no significant association with the QUS measurement was observed. Regarding body composition, no significant association was found between LRP5 and SOST polymorphisms and body mass index, total fat mass and total lean mass after adjustment for age and sex as covariates. We concluded that the rs3736228 LRP5 genetic polymorphism influences calcaneal QUS parameter in a population of young Caucasian adults. This finding suggests that LRP5 might be an important genetic marker contributing to bone mass accrual early in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Correa-Rodríguez
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Av. Ilustración S/N, 18007, Granada, Spain.
| | | | - Blanca Rueda-Medina
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Av. Ilustración S/N, 18007, Granada, Spain
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13
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Fairfield H, Rosen CJ, Reagan MR. Connecting Bone and Fat: The Potential Role for Sclerostin. CURRENT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY REPORTS 2017; 3:114-121. [PMID: 28580233 PMCID: PMC5448707 DOI: 10.1007/s40610-017-0057-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Sclerostin (SOST), a protein secreted from mature osteocytes in response to mechanical unloading and other stimuli, inhibits the osteogenic Wnt/β-catenin pathway in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) impeding their ability to differentiate into mineralizing osteoblasts. PURPOSE This review summarizes the crosstalk between adipose tissue and bone. It also reviews the origin, regulation, and role of SOST in osteogenesis and brings attention to an emerging role of this protein in the regulation of adipogenesis. RECENT FINDINGS Bone-derived molecules that drive MSC adipogenesis have not previously been identified, but recent findings suggest that SOST signaling may induce adipogenesis. In vivo SOST acts locally to induce changes in bone and, in vitro, increases adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. SUMMARY SOST is able to induce adipogenesis in certain preadipocytes, however bone-specific studies are needed to determine the effect of local SOST concentrations in healthy and disease models on bone marrow adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather Fairfield
- Maine Medical Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, USA
- University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
| | - Clifford J. Rosen
- Maine Medical Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, USA
- University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
- School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michaela R. Reagan
- Maine Medical Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, USA
- University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
- School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
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14
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The receptor activator of the nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL), the receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B (RANK), and the osteoprotegerin (OPG) signaling pathway play an important role in the regulation of bone remodeling and osteoclast differentiation. Quantitative ultrasound (QUS) is a relatively recent and noninvasive method providing structural information on microstructure, bone elasticity, and connectivity. However, in contrast to bone mineral density measurements, the possible association of the RANKL/RANK/OPG pathway with heel QUS has not been analyzed. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to assess, for the first time, the contribution of the RANKL/RANK/OPG pathway genes in the genetic background of heel QUS parameters. METHODS Ten single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of RANKL (rs9594759, rs12585014, rs7988338, rs2148073), RANK (rs1805034, rs12458117, rs3018362), and OPG (rs4355801, rs3102735, rs2073618) were selected as genetic markers and genotyped using Open Array technology in 575 self-reported Caucasian individuals aged 18-25. Bone mass in the right calcaneus was estimated with QUS to obtain the broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA) measurement (dB/MHz). Linear regression analyses were performed to test the possible association between the SNPs and BUA. RESULTS Linear regression analysis of all the tested SNPs revealed no significant association with the BUA parameter after adjusting for age, gender, weight, height, physical activity, and calcium intake. The lowest p-value was observed for the rs9594759 RANKL polymorphism and heel QUS (p = .06; b* = -.075, 95% CI [-0.960, 0.028]). CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the polymorphism of the RANKL, RANK, and OPG genes does not make a significant genetic contribution to heel ultrasound measurements in a population of young Caucasian adults. Further studies replicating the results in independent populations are needed to support these initial findings.
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15
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Park TJ, Hwang MY, Moon S, Hwang JY, Go MJ, Kim BJ. Identification of a Copy Number Variation on Chromosome 20q13.12 Associated with Osteoporotic Fractures in the Korean Population. Genomics Inform 2016; 14:216-221. [PMID: 28154514 PMCID: PMC5287127 DOI: 10.5808/gi.2016.14.4.216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Revised: 11/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporotic fractures (OFs) are critical hard outcomes of osteoporosis and are characterized by decreased bone strength induced by low bone density and microarchitectural deterioration in bone tissue. Most OFs cause acute pain, hospitalization, immobilization, and slow recovery in patients and are associated with increased mortality. A variety of genetic studies have suggested associations of genetic variants with the risk of OF. Genome-wide association studies have reported various single-nucleotide polymorphisms and copy number variations (CNVs) in European and Asian populations. To identify CNV regions associated with OF risk, we conducted a genome-wide CNV study in a Korean population. We performed logistic regression analyses in 1,537 Korean subjects (299 OF cases and 1,238 healthy controls) and identified a total of 8 CNV regions significantly associated with OF (p < 0.05). Then, one CNV region located on chromosome 20q13.12 was selected for experimental validation. The selected CNV region was experimentally validated by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The CNV region of chromosome 20q13.12 is positioned upstream of a family of long non-coding RNAs, LINC01260. Our findings could provide new information on the genetic factors associated with the risk of OF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Joon Park
- Division of Structural and Functional Genomics, Center for Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, Cheongju 28159, Korea
| | - Mi Yeong Hwang
- Division of Structural and Functional Genomics, Center for Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, Cheongju 28159, Korea
| | - Sanghoon Moon
- Division of Structural and Functional Genomics, Center for Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, Cheongju 28159, Korea
| | - Joo-Yeon Hwang
- Division of Structural and Functional Genomics, Center for Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, Cheongju 28159, Korea
| | - Min Jin Go
- Division of Structural and Functional Genomics, Center for Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, Cheongju 28159, Korea
| | - Bong-Jo Kim
- Division of Structural and Functional Genomics, Center for Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, Cheongju 28159, Korea
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16
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Lhaneche L, Hald JD, Domingues A, Hannouche D, Delepine M, Zelenika D, Boland A, Ostertag A, Cohen-Solal M, Langdahl BL, Harsløf T, de Vernejoul MC, Geoffroy V, Jehan F. Variations of SOST mRNA expression in human bone are associated with DNA polymorphism and DNA methylation in the SOST gene. Bone 2016; 92:107-115. [PMID: 27519970 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
SOST encodes sclerostin, an inhibitor of bone formation that antagonizes canonical Wnt signaling. Variations of SOST expression have an impact on bone mineral density (BMD) and bone strength. We hypothesized that genetic and epigenetic DNA modifications have an impact on SOST gene expression. By analyzing 43 bone samples from women, we found that rs851054 (G/A) is associated with SOST mRNA expression, donors with one or two G allele(s) displaying higher SOST expression (p<0.05). Beside this polymorphism, we also investigated the role of CpG methylation in SOST mRNA expression, and analyzed methylation variation at 13 CpG sites on the 1st exon of SOST in 14 human bone samples. Principal component analysis identified three groups of CpG sites that explained most of the methylation variation. We calculated the percentage of methylation in the main group of CpGs, and showed that higher rates of methylated CpGs are associated with higher SOST mRNA expression. To demonstrate that change in SOST expression might be related to human bone disease, we analyzed 131 patients with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), a rare disease characterized by low BMD, bone fragility, and marked intra-familial variability of bone phenotypes. We found an association between rs851054 of the SOST promoter and the fracture rate only during childhood (p<0.01). In conclusion, genetic and epigenetic changes contribute to variation in SOST expression in human bone. Our data also indicate that these variations may be related to the severity of OI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Lhaneche
- INSERM U1132 BIOSCAR, Hôpital Lariboisière, 75010 Paris, France; University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Jannie D Hald
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, THG, Aarhus University Hospital, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Aline Domingues
- INSERM U1132 BIOSCAR, Hôpital Lariboisière, 75010 Paris, France; University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Didier Hannouche
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hôpital Lariboisière, AP-HP, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Marc Delepine
- Centre National de Genotypage, Institut Génomique, Commissariat à l'énergie Atomique, 2 rue Gaston Crémieux, CP5721 91057 Evry Cedex, France
| | - Diana Zelenika
- Centre National de Genotypage, Institut Génomique, Commissariat à l'énergie Atomique, 2 rue Gaston Crémieux, CP5721 91057 Evry Cedex, France
| | - Anne Boland
- Centre National de Genotypage, Institut Génomique, Commissariat à l'énergie Atomique, 2 rue Gaston Crémieux, CP5721 91057 Evry Cedex, France
| | - Agnes Ostertag
- INSERM U1132 BIOSCAR, Hôpital Lariboisière, 75010 Paris, France; University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Martine Cohen-Solal
- INSERM U1132 BIOSCAR, Hôpital Lariboisière, 75010 Paris, France; University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Service de Rhumatologie, GH Saint-Louis Lariboisière Fernand Widal, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Bente L Langdahl
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, THG, Aarhus University Hospital, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Torben Harsløf
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, THG, Aarhus University Hospital, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Marie-Christine de Vernejoul
- INSERM U1132 BIOSCAR, Hôpital Lariboisière, 75010 Paris, France; University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Service de Rhumatologie, GH Saint-Louis Lariboisière Fernand Widal, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Valérie Geoffroy
- INSERM U1132 BIOSCAR, Hôpital Lariboisière, 75010 Paris, France; University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Jehan
- INSERM U1132 BIOSCAR, Hôpital Lariboisière, 75010 Paris, France; University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.
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Abstract
The skeleton is an exquisitely sensitive and archetypal T3-target tissue that demonstrates the critical role for thyroid hormones during development, linear growth, and adult bone turnover and maintenance. Thyrotoxicosis is an established cause of secondary osteoporosis, and abnormal thyroid hormone signaling has recently been identified as a novel risk factor for osteoarthritis. Skeletal phenotypes in genetically modified mice have faithfully reproduced genetic disorders in humans, revealing the complex physiological relationship between centrally regulated thyroid status and the peripheral actions of thyroid hormones. Studies in mutant mice also established the paradigm that T3 exerts anabolic actions during growth and catabolic effects on adult bone. Thus, the skeleton represents an ideal physiological system in which to characterize thyroid hormone transport, metabolism, and action during development and adulthood and in response to injury. Future analysis of T3 action in individual skeletal cell lineages will provide new insights into cell-specific molecular mechanisms and may ultimately identify novel therapeutic targets for chronic degenerative diseases such as osteoporosis and osteoarthritis. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the current state of the art.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Duncan Bassett
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Graham R Williams
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
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18
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Almeida FT, Pachêco-Pereira C, Porporatti AL, Flores-Mir C, Leite AF, De Luca Canto G, Guerra ENS. Oral manifestations in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2016; 31:527-40. [PMID: 26331960 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.13149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Revised: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM The oral manifestations of familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) have been reported in the recent literature. Therefore, there has been growing interest in the characterization of the dento-osseous anomalies because they may precede colorectal cancer and may be used as a diagnostic marker. This systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the published evidence for what are the oral manifestations of FAP and their frequency in affected individuals. METHODS The search was performed at Cochrane Library, EMBASE, LILACS, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science for articles published up to March 2015. A grey literature search was conducted through Google Scholar. Reference lists of the included articles and additional studies identified by expert were screened for potential relevant studies. The methodology of selected studies was evaluated using the risk of bias checklist of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. RESULTS Twenty observational studies totalizing 1635 individuals affected by FAP met the inclusion criteria. Osseous, dental, and oral mucosa alterations were observed in FAP patients. The meta-analysis showed the frequency of osseous jaw lesions, and the dental anomalies were 65.35% and 30.48%, respectively, and two studies suggested that oral mucosa vascular density is a phenotypic manifestation in patients with FAP. Most of the studies were evaluated as moderate risk of bias. CONCLUSION The most frequent oral manifestation on FAP patients is osseous jaw alterations. In the future, well-designed studies are necessary to classify osseous and dental anomalies in order to demonstrate the true prevalence of each alteration separately.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Camila Pachêco-Pereira
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta,, Canada
| | - André Luís Porporatti
- Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil.,Department of Prosthodontics, Section of Orofacial Pain, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP,, Brazil
| | - Carlos Flores-Mir
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta,, Canada
| | - André Ferreira Leite
- Oral Histopathology Laboratory, Health Sciences Faculty, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Graziela De Luca Canto
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta,, Canada.,Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil
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Cawthon PM, Shahnazari M, Orwoll ES, Lane NE. Osteoporosis in men: findings from the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men Study (MrOS). Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis 2016; 8:15-27. [PMID: 26834847 DOI: 10.1177/1759720x15621227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The lifespan of men is increasing and this is associated with an increased prevalence of osteoporosis in men. Osteoporosis increases the risk of bone fracture. Fractures are associated with increased disability and mortality, and public health problems. We review here the study of osteoporosis in men as obtained from a longitudinal cohort of community-based older men, the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men Study (MrOS).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammad Shahnazari
- Northern California Institute for Research and Education, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Eric S Orwoll
- Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Nancy E Lane
- UC Davis Health System, 4625 2nd Avenue, Suite 2006, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
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20
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Endochondral ossification pathway genes and postmenopausal osteoporosis: Association and specific allele related serum bone sialoprotein levels in Han Chinese. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16783. [PMID: 26568273 PMCID: PMC4645187 DOI: 10.1038/srep16783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disorder characterized by reduced bone mineral density (BMD) and disrupted bone architecture, predisposing the patient to increased fracture risk. Evidence from early genetic epidemiological studies has indicated a major role for genetics in the development of osteoporosis and the variation in BMD. In this study, we focused on two key genes in the endochondral ossification pathway, IBSP and PTHLH. Over 9,000 postmenopausal Han Chinese women were recruited, and 54 SNPs were genotyped. Two significant SNPs within IBSP, rs1054627 and rs17013181, were associated with BMD and postmenopausal osteoporosis by the two-stage strategy, and rs17013181 was also significantly associated with serum IBSP levels. Moreover, one haplotype (rs12425376-rs10843047-rs42294) covering the 5' end of PTHLH was associated with postmenopausal osteoporosis. Our results provide evidence for the association of these two key endochondral ossification pathway genes with BMD and osteoporosis in postmenopausal Han Chinese women. Combined with previous findings, we provide evidence that a particular SNP in IBSP has an allele-specific effect on mRNA levels, which would, in turn, reflect serum IBSP levels.
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Zhou PR, Xu XJ, Zhang ZL, Liao EY, Chen DC, Liu J, Wu W, Jiang Y, Wang O, Xia WB, Xing XP, Xu L, Li M. SOST polymorphisms and response to alendronate treatment in postmenopausal Chinese women with osteoporosis. Pharmacogenomics 2015; 16:1077-88. [PMID: 26250343 DOI: 10.2217/pgs.15.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the association between SOST gene polymorphisms and response to alendronate treatment. MATERIALS & METHODS 639 Chinese postmenopausal women with osteoporosis or osteopenia received alendronate treatment. Polymorphisms of SOST were analyzed. Bone mineral density (BMD), serum ALP and β-CTX levels were measured. The correlation of SOST polymorphisms with changes of BMD and bone biomarkers after treatment was analyzed. RESULTS rs1234612 and rs851054 polymorphisms were correlated to baseline lumbar spine BMD (p < 0.05). After 12 months of treatment rs1234612 and rs865429 polymorphisms were correlated to BMD changes at the lumbar spine (p < 0.05) or femoral neck (p < 0.05), respectively. CONCLUSION The polymorphisms of SOST are genetic factors affecting bone health and response to alendronate in Chinese postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-ran Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-jie Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen-lin Zhang
- Metabolic Bone Disease & Genetics Research Unit, Department of Osteoporosis & Bone Diseases, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Er-yuan Liao
- Institute of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - De-cai Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Osteoporosis Education Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Liberation Army University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wen Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ou Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei-bo Xia
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-ping Xing
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Xu
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mei Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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22
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Zhang H, He JW, Wang C, Zhang Z, Yue H, Hu WW, Gu JM, Hu YQ, Li M, Fu WZ, Zhang ZL. Associations of polymorphisms in the SOST gene and bone mineral density in postmenopausal Chinese Women. Osteoporos Int 2014; 25:2797-803. [PMID: 25103216 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-014-2832-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The bone mineral density (BMD) of a total of 1,379 healthy postmenopausal Chinese women was measured. Ten tagging SNPs of the sclerostin (SOST) gene were genotyped. Our results suggest that the polymorphisms of the rs2023794 and rs74252774 in the SOST gene were associated with BMD of the lumbar spine in postmenopausal Chinese women. INTRODUCTION The purpose of the study was to determine the associations between polymorphisms of SOST gene and BMD in postmenopausal Chinese women. METHODS A total of 1,379 independent healthy postmenopausal Chinese women including 703 in our previous study were recruited. The BMD of the lumbar spine 1-4 (L1-4) and left proximal femur including total hip and femoral neck were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Ten tagging SNPs (rs1234612, rs1513670, rs1634330, rs1708635, rs2023794, rs7220711, rs74252774, rs851057, rs851058, and rs865429) of the SOST gene were genotyped. RESULTS The rs2023794 and rs74252774 and the haplotype ACCATTCT of SOST gene were associated with age and body mass index (BMI) adjusted L1-4 BMD (P values were 0.010, 0.007, and 0.007, respectively) even after performing the Bonferroni multiple-significance-test correction. There was a clear trend in these regions that the CC genotype of the rs2023794 and the TT genotype of the rs74252774 have higher BMD values than other genotypes. The contributions of the rs2023794 and rs74252774 to the phenotypic variation of L1-4 BMD were 0.6 and 0.7 %, respectively. We failed to find any association between the 10 SNPs and 6 haplotypes of the SOST gene and BMD at the hip site in this study. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the polymorphisms of the rs2023794 and rs74252774 in the SOST gene were associated with BMD of the lumbar spine in a large sample of postmenopausal Chinese women.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Zhang
- Department of Osteoporosis and Bone Diseases, Metabolic Bone Disease and Genetic Research Unit, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
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Dong SS, Yang TL, Yan H, Rong ZQ, Chen JB, Hao RH, Chen XF, Guo Y. Association analyses of FGFR2 gene polymorphisms with femoral neck bone mineral density in Chinese Han population. Mol Genet Genomics 2014; 290:485-91. [PMID: 25300516 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-014-0936-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Femoral neck (FN) bone mineral density (BMD) is the most important risk phenotype for osteoporosis and has been used as a reference standard for describing osteoporosis. Identification of genetic variations associated with FN BMD may provide potential targets for therapeutic studies. Given the important biological role of FGFR2 gene involved in bone, we tested the associations between FGFR2 polymorphisms and FN BMD in 1,300 Chinese Han subjects. Of the 28 total SNPs, 2 SNPs, namely rs11200014 and rs1078806, were significantly associated with FN BMD under dominant model (P = 0.0014 and 0.0012, respectively) after conservative Bonferroni correction. The two SNPs were in complete linkage disequilibrium. In addition, haplotype-based association tests identified two haplotypes significantly associated with FN BMD, including one haplotype in block 4 where the two SNPs located. However, different from previous studies in white older men, we did not detect any significant association in sex-stratified analyses. In summary, our findings suggest that the FGFR2 gene may play an important role in variation in FN BMD in Chinese Han population, independent of gender effects. Further studies performed in multiple and large samples are needed to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanism and pathophysiology of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Shan Dong
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Institute of Molecular Genetics, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, People's Republic of China
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Alam I, Padgett LR, Ichikawa S, Alkhouli M, Koller DL, Lai D, Peacock M, Xuei X, Foroud T, Edenberg HJ, Econs MJ. SIBLING family genes and bone mineral density: association and allele-specific expression in humans. Bone 2014; 64:166-72. [PMID: 24747200 PMCID: PMC4080809 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2014.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Revised: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a common complex disorder with reduced bone mineral density (BMD) and increased susceptibility to fracture. Peak BMD is one of the primary determinants of osteoporotic fracture risk, and is under substantial genetic control. Extracellular matrix, a major component of the bone, influences BMD by regulating mineral deposition and maintaining cellular activity. It contains several SIBLING family proteins, null mutations of which cause mineralization defects in humans. In this study, we tested 59 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located in the 5 SIBLING family genes (DSPP, DMP1, IBSP, MEPE and SPP1) for association with normal variation in peak BMD in healthy men and women. We measured femoral neck (FN) and lumbar spine (LS) areal BMD by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in 1692 premenopausal European-American women, 512 premenopausal African-American women and 715 European-American men. SNPs were tested for association with FN and LS-BMD in the 3 subsamples. In the European-American women, we observed association (p≤0.005) with LS-BMD for SNPs in DSPP, IBSP and MEPE, and for FN-BMD with SNPs in DMP1 and IBSP. Allele-specific regulation of gene expression (ASE) is an important mechanism in which an allele giving rise to modest influence in transcript abundance might result in a predisposition to disease. To identify whether there was ASE of SIBLING family genes at these SNPs, we examined 52 human bone samples obtained from the femoral neck during surgical hip replacement (27 female, 25 male; 44 European-American and 8 African-American). We observed unidirectional ASE for the IBSP gene, with lower expression of the G allele compared to the A allele for SNP rs17013181. Our data suggest that SNPs within the SIBLING genes may contribute to normal variation of peak BMD. Further studies are necessary to identify the functional variants and to determine the mechanisms underlying the differences in ASE and how these differences relate to the pathophysiology of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imranul Alam
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
| | - Leah R Padgett
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Shoji Ichikawa
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Mohammed Alkhouli
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Daniel L Koller
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Dongbing Lai
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Munro Peacock
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Xiaoling Xuei
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Tatiana Foroud
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Howard J Edenberg
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Michael J Econs
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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Wang HD, Hou QF, Guo QN, Li T, Wu D, Zhang XP, Chu Y, He M, Xiao H, Guo LJ, Yang K, Liao SX, Zhu BF. DNA methylation study of fetus genome through a genome-wide analysis. BMC Med Genomics 2014; 7:18. [PMID: 24731722 PMCID: PMC3996908 DOI: 10.1186/1755-8794-7-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2013] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background DNA methylation is a crucial epigenetic modification of the genome which is involved in embryonic development, transcription, chromatin structure, X chromosome inactivation, genomic imprinting and chromosome stability. Consistent with these important roles, DNA methylation has been demonstrated to be required for vertebrate early embryogenesis and essential for regulating temporal and spatial expression of genes controlling cell fate and differentiation. Further studies have shown that abnormal DNA methylation is associated with human diseases including the embryonic development diseases. We attempt to study the DNA methylation status of CpG islands in fetus related to fetus growth and development. Methods GeneChip® Human Tiling 2.0R Array set is used for analysis of methylated DNA in a whole-genome wide in 8 pairs amniotic fluid and maternal blood DNA samples. Results We found 1 fetus hypermethylation DNA markers and 4 fetus hypomethylation DNA markers though a Genome-wide analysis. These DNA markers all found to be associated with the critical genes for fetus growth and development (SH2D3C gene, EML3 gene, TRIM71 gene, HOXA3 gene and HOXA5 gene). Conclusions These genes can be used as a biomarker for association studying of embryonic development, pathological pregnancy and so on. The present study has provided new and fundamental insights into the roles that DNA methylation has in embryonic development and in the pathological pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Shi-Xiu Liao
- Medical Genetic Institute of Henan Province, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, PR China.
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Gogakos A, Logan JG, Waung JA, Bassett JHD, Glüer CC, Reid DM, Felsenberg D, Roux C, Eastell R, Williams GR. THRA and DIO2 mutations are unlikely to be a common cause of increased bone mineral density in euthyroid post-menopausal women. Eur J Endocrinol 2014; 170:637-44. [PMID: 24480136 DOI: 10.1530/eje-13-1009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A new autosomal dominant disorder due to mutation of THRA, which encodes thyroid hormone receptor α, is characterised by severely delayed skeletal development but only slightly abnormal thyroid status. Adult mice with disrupted thyroid hormone action in bone due to a mutation of Thra or deletion of Dio2, encoding the type 2 deiodinase, have high bone mass and mineralisation despite essentially euthyroid status. No individuals with DIO2 mutations have been described and the adult phenotype of patients with THRA mutations is largely unknown. We hypothesised that screening euthyroid adults with high bone mineral density (BMD) could be used to identify individuals with mutations of THRA or DIO2. DESIGN The Osteoporosis and Ultrasound Study (OPUS) is a 6-year prospective study of fracture-related factors from five European centres. METHODS A cohort of 100 healthy euthyroid post-menopausal women with the highest BMD was selected from the OPUS population. We sequenced the intron-exon boundaries and critical exons of THRA and DIO2 in these subjects. TSH, free 3,5,3'-l-triiodothyronine, free thyroxine, vitamin D, parathyroid hormone and bone turnover marker concentrations, and BMD measurements were available in all OPUS participants. RESULTS No coding sequence or splice site mutations affecting THRA or DIO2 were identified. CONCLUSIONS Mutations affecting THRA or DIO2 are not a common cause of high BMD in healthy euthyroid post-menopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apostolos Gogakos
- Molecular Endocrinology Group, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, 10th Floor Commonwealth Building, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
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Kuipers AL, Zhang Y, Yu S, Kammerer CM, Nestlerode CS, Chu Y, Bunker CH, Patrick AL, Wheeler VW, Miljkovic I, Zmuda JM. Relative influence of heritability, environment and genetics on serum sclerostin. Osteoporos Int 2014; 25:905-12. [PMID: 24136102 PMCID: PMC3948173 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-013-2517-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
SUMMARY We determined factors associated with serum sclerostin in 446 Afro-Caribbean family members. Age, weight, sex, diabetes and kidney function were associated with sclerostin. Sclerostin was heritable, and nine SNPs in the SOST gene region were associated with sclerostin. Variation in serum sclerostin is a heritable factor that is determined by both genetic and environmental factors. INTRODUCTION Sclerostin, encoded by the SOST gene, is a Wnt inhibitor that regulates bone mineralization and is a candidate gene locus for osteoporosis. However, little is known about the genetic and non-genetic sources of inter-individual variation in serum sclerostin levels. METHODS Serum sclerostin was measured in 446 Afro-Caribbean men and women aged 18+ from seven large, multigenerational families (mean family size, 64; 3,840 relative pairs). Thirty-six common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) were genotyped within a 100 kb region encompassing the gene encoding sclerostin (SOST). Genetic and non-genetic factors were tested for association with serum sclerostin. RESULTS Mean serum sclerostin was 41.3 pmol/l and was greater in men than in women (P < 0.05). Factors associated with higher serum sclerostin were increased age and body weight, male sex, diabetes and decreased glomerular filtration rate, which collectively accounted for 25.4 % of its variation. Residual genetic heritability of serum sclerostin was 0.393 (P < 0.0001). Nine SNPs reached nominal significance with sclerostin. Three of those nine SNPs represented independent association signals (rs851056, rs41455049 and rs9909172), which accounted for 7.8 % of the phenotypic variation in sclerostin, although none of these SNPs surpassed a Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons. CONCLUSIONS Serum sclerostin is a heritable trait that is also determined by environmental factors including age, sex, adiposity, diabetes and kidney function. Three independent common SNPs within the SOST region may collectively account for a significant proportion of the variation in serum sclerostin.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Kuipers
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA,
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Boudin E, Fijalkowski I, Piters E, Van Hul W. The role of extracellular modulators of canonical Wnt signaling in bone metabolism and diseases. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2013; 43:220-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2013.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Revised: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Wang Z, Yang Y, He M, Wang R, Ma J, Zhang Y, Zhao L, Yu K. Association between interleukin-6 gene polymorphisms and bone mineral density: a meta-analysis. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2013; 17:898-909. [PMID: 24053561 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2013.0223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many studies have examined the association between interleukin-6 (IL-6) gene polymorphisms and bone mineral density (BMD). However, the results remain conflicting. To assess the relationship more precisely, a meta-analysis was performed. METHODS The PubMed, Embase, Chinese BioMedical Literature (CBM), Wanfang, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) database were searched for relevant articles published up to March 2013. Weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were calculated using a fixed-effects or random-effects model. RESULTS A total of 16 articles with 11,957 subjects were investigated in this meta-analysis. Overall, -634C/G polymorphism was significantly associated with BMD at the femoral neck (WMD, -0.016 g/cm(2); 95% CI, -0.028 to -0.003 g/cm(2)), lumbar spine (WMD, -0.049 g/cm(2); 95% CI, -0.069 to -0.030 g/cm(2)), and whole body (WMD, -0.023 g/cm(2); 95% CI, -0.037 to -0.009 g/cm(2)) for GG versus CC+CG. In subgroup analyses stratified by ethnicity, individuals carrying -634GG genotype had a significantly lower mean BMD at any skeletal site examined, compared with individuals with -634CC or -634CG genotype in Asian populations. For -174G/C polymorphism, the BMD differences between CC+CG and GG genotype were 0.004 g/cm(2) at the distal radius (95% CI, 0.004 to 0.005 g/cm(2)), 0.011 g/cm(2) at the trochanter (95% CI, 0.002 to 0.020 g/cm(2)), and 0.017 g/cm(2) at the Ward's triangle (95% CI, 0.003 to 0.032 g/cm(2)). No significant publication bias was observed in either the -634C/G or -174G/C polymorphism. CONCLUSIONS This suggests that there are modest effects of the -634C/G and -174G/C polymorphisms on BMD. Large-scale and well-designed studies are required to further investigate gene-gene and gene-environment interactions on IL-6 polymorphisms and BMD in various populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Wang
- 1 Department of Orthopedics, The 117th Hospital of PLA , Hangzhou, China
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Maupin KA, Droscha CJ, Williams BO. A Comprehensive Overview of Skeletal Phenotypes Associated with Alterations in Wnt/β-catenin Signaling in Humans and Mice. Bone Res 2013; 1:27-71. [PMID: 26273492 DOI: 10.4248/br201301004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 01/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The Wnt signaling pathway plays key roles in differentiation and development and alterations in this signaling pathway are causally associated with numerous human diseases. While several laboratories were examining roles for Wnt signaling in skeletal development during the 1990s, interest in the pathway rose exponentially when three key papers were published in 2001-2002. One report found that loss of the Wnt co-receptor, Low-density lipoprotein related protein-5 (LRP5), was the underlying genetic cause of the syndrome Osteoporosis pseudoglioma (OPPG). OPPG is characterized by early-onset osteoporosis causing increased susceptibility to debilitating fractures. Shortly thereafter, two groups reported that individuals carrying a specific point mutation in LRP5 (G171V) develop high-bone mass. Subsequent to this, the causative mechanisms for these observations heightened the need to understand the mechanisms by which Wnt signaling controlled bone development and homeostasis and encouraged significant investment from biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies to develop methods to activate Wnt signaling to increase bone mass to treat osteoporosis and other bone disease. In this review, we will briefly summarize the cellular mechanisms underlying Wnt signaling and discuss the observations related to OPPG and the high-bone mass disorders that heightened the appreciation of the role of Wnt signaling in normal bone development and homeostasis. We will then present a comprehensive overview of the core components of the pathway with an emphasis on the phenotypes associated with mice carrying genetically engineered mutations in these genes and clinical observations that further link alterations in the pathway to changes in human bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin A Maupin
- Program for Skeletal Pathobiology and Center for Tumor Metastasis, Van Andel Research Institute , 333 Bostwick NE, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Casey J Droscha
- Program for Skeletal Pathobiology and Center for Tumor Metastasis, Van Andel Research Institute , 333 Bostwick NE, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Bart O Williams
- Program for Skeletal Pathobiology and Center for Tumor Metastasis, Van Andel Research Institute , 333 Bostwick NE, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
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WNT signaling in bone homeostasis and disease: from human mutations to treatments. Nat Med 2013; 19:179-92. [PMID: 23389618 DOI: 10.1038/nm.3074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1434] [Impact Index Per Article: 130.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2012] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Low bone mass and strength lead to fragility fractures, for example, in elderly individuals affected by osteoporosis or children with osteogenesis imperfecta. A decade ago, rare human mutations affecting bone negatively (osteoporosis-pseudoglioma syndrome) or positively (high-bone mass phenotype, sclerosteosis and Van Buchem disease) have been identified and found to all reside in components of the canonical WNT signaling machinery. Mouse genetics confirmed the importance of canonical Wnt signaling in the regulation of bone homeostasis, with activation of the pathway leading to increased, and inhibition leading to decreased, bone mass and strength. The importance of WNT signaling for bone has also been highlighted since then in the general population in numerous genome-wide association studies. The pathway is now the target for therapeutic intervention to restore bone strength in millions of patients at risk for fracture. This paper reviews our current understanding of the mechanisms by which WNT signalng regulates bone homeostasis.
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Kim HY, Hwang JY, Han BG, Lee JY, Park EK, Kim BJ, Lee SH, Kim GS, Kim SY, Koh JM. Association of ADIPOR1 polymorphisms with bone mineral density in postmenopausal Korean women. Exp Mol Med 2012; 44:394-402. [PMID: 22495003 PMCID: PMC3389078 DOI: 10.3858/emm.2012.44.6.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Adiponectin may affect bone through interactions with two known receptors, adiponectin receptors (ADIPOR) 1 and 2. We examined the association between polymorphisms of ADIPOR1 and ADIPOR2 and bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal Korean women. Six polymorphisms in ADIPOR1 and four polymorphisms in ADIPOR2 were selected and genotyped in all study participants (n = 1,329). BMD at the lumbar spine and femur neck were measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Lateral thoracolumbar (T4-L4) radiographs were obtained for vertebral fracture assessment and the occurrence of non-vertebral fractures examined using self-reported data. P values were adjusted for multiple testing using Bonferroni correction (Pcorr). ADIPOR1rs16850799 and rs34010966 polymorphisms were significantly associated with femur neck BMD (Pcorr = 0.036 in the dominant model; Pcorr = 0.024 and Pcorr = 0.006 in the additive and dominant models, respectively). Subjects with the rare allele of each polymorphism had lower BMD, and association of rs34010966 with BMD showed a gene dosage effect. However, ADIPOR2 single nucleotide polymorphisms and haplotypes were not associated with BMD at any site. Our results suggest that ADIPOR1 polymorphisms present a useful genetic marker for BMD in postmenopausal Korean women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha Young Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Sanbon Medical Center, University of Wonkwang College of Medicine, Iksan, Korea
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Chew S, Dastani Z, Brown SJ, Lewis JR, Dudbridge F, Soranzo N, Surdulescu GL, Richards JB, Spector TD, Wilson SG. Copy number variation of the APC gene is associated with regulation of bone mineral density. Bone 2012; 51:939-43. [PMID: 22884971 PMCID: PMC3918860 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2012.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2012] [Accepted: 07/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Genetic studies of osteoporosis have commonly examined SNPs in candidate genes or whole genome analyses, but insertions and deletions of DNA, collectively called copy number variations (CNVs), also comprise a large amount of the genetic variability between individuals. Previously, SNPs in the APC gene have been strongly associated with femoral neck and lumbar spine volumetric bone mineral density in older men. In addition, familial adenomatous polyposis patients carrying heterozygous mutations in the APC gene have been shown to have significantly higher mean bone mineral density than age- and sex-matched controls suggesting the importance of this gene in regulating bone mineral density. We examined CNV within the APC gene region to test for association with bone mineral density. METHODS DNA was extracted from venous blood, genotyped using the Human Hap610 arrays and CNV determined from the fluorescence intensity data in 2070 Caucasian men and women aged 47.0 ± 13.0 (mean ± SD) years, to assess the effects of the CNV on bone mineral density at the forearm, spine and total hip sites. RESULTS Data for covariate adjusted bone mineral density from subjects grouped by APC CNV genotype showed significant difference (P=0.02-0.002). Subjects with a single copy loss of APC had a 7.95%, 13.10% and 13.36% increase in bone mineral density at the forearm, spine and total hip sites respectively, compared to subjects with two copies of the APC gene. CONCLUSIONS These data support previous findings of APC regulating bone mineral density and demonstrate that a novel CNV of the APC gene is significantly associated with bone mineral density in Caucasian men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelby Chew
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands 6009, Australia.
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Ke HZ, Richards WG, Li X, Ominsky MS. Sclerostin and Dickkopf-1 as therapeutic targets in bone diseases. Endocr Rev 2012; 33:747-83. [PMID: 22723594 DOI: 10.1210/er.2011-1060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 292] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The processes of bone growth, modeling, and remodeling determine the structure, mass, and biomechanical properties of the skeleton. Dysregulated bone resorption or bone formation may lead to metabolic bone diseases. The Wnt pathway plays an important role in bone formation and regeneration, and expression of two Wnt pathway inhibitors, sclerostin and Dickkopf-1 (DKK1), appears to be associated with changes in bone mass. Inactivation of sclerostin leads to substantially increased bone mass in humans and in genetically manipulated animals. Studies in various animal models of bone disease have shown that inhibition of sclerostin using a monoclonal antibody (Scl-Ab) increases bone formation, density, and strength. Additional studies show that Scl-Ab improves bone healing in models of bone repair. Inhibition of DKK1 by monoclonal antibody (DKK1-Ab) stimulates bone formation in younger animals and to a lesser extent in adult animals and enhances fracture healing. Thus, sclerostin and DKK1 are emerging as the leading new targets for anabolic therapies to treat bone diseases such as osteoporosis and for bone repair. Clinical trials are ongoing to evaluate the effects of Scl-Ab and DKK1-Ab in humans for the treatment of bone loss and for bone repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zhu Ke
- Metabolic Disorders Research, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, MS 29-M-B, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, USA.
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Medina-Gomez C, Kemp JP, Estrada K, Eriksson J, Liu J, Reppe S, Evans DM, Heppe DHM, Vandenput L, Herrera L, Ring SM, Kruithof CJ, Timpson NJ, Zillikens MC, Olstad OK, Zheng HF, Richards JB, St. Pourcain B, Hofman A, Jaddoe VWV, Smith GD, Lorentzon M, Gautvik KM, Uitterlinden AG, Brommage R, Ohlsson C, Tobias JH, Rivadeneira F. Meta-analysis of genome-wide scans for total body BMD in children and adults reveals allelic heterogeneity and age-specific effects at the WNT16 locus. PLoS Genet 2012; 8:e1002718. [PMID: 22792070 PMCID: PMC3390371 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1002718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2011] [Accepted: 04/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
To identify genetic loci influencing bone accrual, we performed a genome-wide association scan for total-body bone mineral density (TB-BMD) variation in 2,660 children of different ethnicities. We discovered variants in 7q31.31 associated with BMD measurements, with the lowest P = 4.1×10−11 observed for rs917727 with minor allele frequency of 0.37. We sought replication for all SNPs located ±500 kb from rs917727 in 11,052 additional individuals from five independent studies including children and adults, together with de novo genotyping of rs3801387 (in perfect linkage disequilibrium (LD) with rs917727) in 1,014 mothers of children from the discovery cohort. The top signal mapping in the surroundings of WNT16 was replicated across studies with a meta-analysis P = 2.6×10−31 and an effect size explaining between 0.6%–1.8% of TB-BMD variance. Conditional analyses on this signal revealed a secondary signal for total body BMD (P = 1.42×10−10) for rs4609139 and mapping to C7orf58. We also examined the genomic region for association with skull BMD to test if the associations were independent of skeletal loading. We identified two signals influencing skull BMD variation, including rs917727 (P = 1.9×10−16) and rs7801723 (P = 8.9×10−28), also mapping to C7orf58 (r2 = 0.50 with rs4609139). Wnt16 knockout (KO) mice with reduced total body BMD and gene expression profiles in human bone biopsies support a role of C7orf58 and WNT16 on the BMD phenotypes observed at the human population level. In summary, we detected two independent signals influencing total body and skull BMD variation in children and adults, thus demonstrating the presence of allelic heterogeneity at the WNT16 locus. One of the skull BMD signals mapping to C7orf58 is mostly driven by children, suggesting temporal determination on peak bone mass acquisition. Our life-course approach postulates that these genetic effects influencing peak bone mass accrual may impact the risk of osteoporosis later in life. Genetic investigations on bone mineral density (BMD) variation in children allow the identification of factors determining peak bone mass and their influence on developing osteoporosis later in life. We ran a genome-wide association study (GWAS) for total body BMD based on 2,660 children of different ethnic backgrounds, followed by replication in an additional 12,066 individuals comprising children, young adults, and elderly populations. Our GWAS meta-analysis identified two independent signals in the 7q31.31 locus, arising from SNPs in the vicinity of WNT16, FAM3C, and C7orf58. These variants were also associated with skull BMD, a skeletal trait with much less environmental influence for which one of the signals displayed age-specific effects. Integration of functional studies in a Wnt16 knockout mouse model and gene expression profiles in human bone tissue provided additional evidence that WNT16 and C7orf58 underlie the described associations. All together our findings demonstrate the relevance of these factors for bone biology, the attainment of peak bone mass, and their likely impact on bone fragility later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Medina-Gomez
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)–sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - John P. Kemp
- MRC CAiTE Centre, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Karol Estrada
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)–sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joel Eriksson
- Center for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jeff Liu
- Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, The Woodlands, Texas, United States of America
| | - Sjur Reppe
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevaal, Oslo, Norway
| | - David M. Evans
- MRC CAiTE Centre, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Denise H. M. Heppe
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Liesbeth Vandenput
- Center for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lizbeth Herrera
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Susan M. Ring
- Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Claudia J. Kruithof
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nicholas J. Timpson
- MRC CAiTE Centre, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - M. Carola Zillikens
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)–sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ole K. Olstad
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevaal, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hou-Feng Zheng
- Department of Medicine, Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - J. Brent Richards
- Department of Medicine, Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Beate St. Pourcain
- MRC CAiTE Centre, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Albert Hofman
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)–sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent W. V. Jaddoe
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - George Davey Smith
- MRC CAiTE Centre, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Mattias Lorentzon
- Center for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kaare M. Gautvik
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevaal, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo Deacon Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - André G. Uitterlinden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)–sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robert Brommage
- Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, The Woodlands, Texas, United States of America
| | - Claes Ohlsson
- Center for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jonathan H. Tobias
- School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)–sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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Piters E, de Freitas F, Nielsen TL, Andersen M, Brixen K, Van Hul W. Association study of polymorphisms in the SOST gene region and parameters of bone strength and body composition in both young and elderly men: data from the Odense Androgen Study. Calcif Tissue Int 2012; 90:30-9. [PMID: 22076526 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-011-9546-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2011] [Accepted: 09/17/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
By means of different genetic association studies the SOST gene, encoding sclerostin, has repeatedly been suggested to regulate bone mineral density (BMD) and osteoporosis susceptibility. This study aimed at a further understanding of the importance of two previously studied single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the SOST gene, rs10534024 (SRP3) and rs9902563 (SRP9), in the Odense Androgen Study (OAS) cohort. This cohort includes a total of 1,383 Danish men from two different age groups, 20-29 years (n = 783) and 60-74 years (n = 600), and is well characterized. Subjects were phenotyped for BMD at several sites and additionally for body composition and hip geometric parameters. In a combined analysis of the young and the elderly OAS, no associations were found for SRP3 either with BMD or with hip geometry. Instead, we found that this polymorphism had a relatively large effect on weight (-1.149 kg) and body mass index (-0.389 kg/m(2)) (P = 0.021 and 0.006 under a codominant model). For SRP9, a significant association was found for femoral neck BMD (+0.020 g/cm(2), P = 0.020) and a trend toward significance for hip geometry (buckling ratio of the narrow neck) but only when considering a recessive effect of the minor allele (C). No age-specific effects were found for either of the two SNPs. In summary, we are the first to find interesting associations between SRP3 and body composition. For SRP9, we replicated a site-specific association with femoral neck BMD. In addition, we report a novel association for this polymorphism with hip geometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elke Piters
- Department of Medical Genetics, University and University Hospital of Antwerp, Prins Boudewijnlaan 43B, 2650 Edegem, Belgium
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Roshandel D, Holliday KL, Pye SR, Ward KA, Boonen S, Vanderschueren D, Borghs H, Huhtaniemi IT, Adams JE, Bartfai G, Casanueva FF, Finn JD, Forti G, Giwercman A, Han TS, Kula K, Lean ME, Pendleton N, Punab M, Silman AJ, Wu FC, Thomson W, O’Neill TW. Influence of polymorphisms in the RANKL/RANK/OPG signaling pathway on volumetric bone mineral density and bone geometry at the forearm in men. Calcif Tissue Int 2011; 89:446-55. [PMID: 21964949 PMCID: PMC3215872 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-011-9532-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2011] [Accepted: 07/19/2011] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
We sought to determine the influence of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in RANKL, RANK, and OPG on volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) and bone geometry at the radius in men. Pairwise tag SNPs (r (2) ≥ 0.8) for RANKL (n = 8), RANK (n = 44), and OPG (n = 22) and five SNPs near RANKL and OPG strongly associated with areal BMD in genomewide association studies were previously genotyped in men aged 40-79 years in the European Male Ageing Study (EMAS). Here, these SNPs were analyzed in a subsample of men (n = 589) who had peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) performed at the distal (4%) and mid-shaft (50%) radius. Estimated parameters were total and trabecular vBMD (mg/mm(3)) and cross-sectional area (mm(2)) at the 4% site and cortical vBMD (mg/mm(3)); total, cortical, and medullary area (mm(2)); cortical thickness (mm); and stress strain index (SSI) (mm(3)) at the 50% site. We identified 12 OPG SNPs associated with vBMD and/or geometric parameters, including rs10505348 associated with total vBMD (β [95% CI] = 9.35 [2.12-16.58], P = 0.011), cortical vBMD (β [95% CI] = 5.62 [2.10-9.14], P = 0.002), cortical thickness (β [95% CI] = 0.08 [0.03-0.13], P = 0.002), and medullary area (β [95% CI] = -2.90 [-4.94 to -0.86], P = 0.005) and rs2073618 associated with cortical vBMD (β [95% CI] = -4.30 [-7.78 to -0.82], P = 0.015) and cortical thickness (β [95% CI] = -0.08 [-0.13 to -0.03], P = 0.001). Three RANK SNPs were associated with vBMD, including rs12956925 associated with trabecular vBMD (β [95% CI] = -7.58 [-14.01 to -1.15], P = 0.021). There were five RANK SNPs associated with geometric parameters, including rs8083511 associated with distal radius cross-sectional area (β [95% CI] = 8.90 [0.92-16.88], P = 0.029). No significant association was observed between RANKL SNPs and pQCT parameters. Our findings suggest that genetic variation in OPG and RANK influences radius vBMD and geometry in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delnaz Roshandel
- Arthritis Research UK Epidemiology Unit, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT UK
| | - Kate L. Holliday
- Arthritis Research UK Epidemiology Unit, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT UK
| | - Stephen R. Pye
- Arthritis Research UK Epidemiology Unit, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT UK
| | - Kate A. Ward
- Clinical Radiology, Imaging Science and Biomedical Engineering, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
- MRC-Human Nutrition Research, Cambridge, UK
| | - Steven Boonen
- Leuven University Division of Geriatric Medicine, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Leuven University Centre for Metabolic Bone Diseases, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dirk Vanderschueren
- Leuven University Centre for Metabolic Bone Diseases, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Andrology and Endocrinology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Herman Borghs
- Leuven University Centre for Metabolic Bone Diseases, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ilpo T. Huhtaniemi
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London, UK
| | - Judith E. Adams
- Clinical Radiology, Imaging Science and Biomedical Engineering, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Gyorgy Bartfai
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Andrology, Albert Szent-Gyorgy Medical University, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Felipe F. Casanueva
- Department of Medicine, Santiago de Compostela University, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS), CIBER de Fisiopatologı’a Obesidad y Nutricion (CB06/03), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Joseph D. Finn
- Arthritis Research UK Epidemiology Unit, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT UK
| | - Gianni Forti
- Andrology Unit, Department of Clinical Physiopathology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Aleksander Giwercman
- Scanian Andrology Centre, Department of Urology, Malmö University Hospital, University of Lund, Lund, Sweden
| | - Thang S. Han
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Krzysztof Kula
- Department of Andrology and Reproductive Endocrinology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Michael E. Lean
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Neil Pendleton
- Clinical Gerontology, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Hope Hospital, Salford, UK
| | - Margus Punab
- Andrology Unit, United Laboratories of Tartu University Clinics, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Alan J. Silman
- Arthritis Research UK Epidemiology Unit, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT UK
| | - Frederick C. Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, Manchester Royal Infirmary, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Wendy Thomson
- Arthritis Research UK Epidemiology Unit, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT UK
| | - Terence W. O’Neill
- Arthritis Research UK Epidemiology Unit, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT UK
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Update on Wnt signaling in bone cell biology and bone disease. Gene 2011; 492:1-18. [PMID: 22079544 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2011.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 288] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2011] [Revised: 10/13/2011] [Accepted: 10/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
For more than a decade, Wnt signaling pathways have been the focus of intense research activity in bone biology laboratories because of their importance in skeletal development, bone mass maintenance, and therapeutic potential for regenerative medicine. It is evident that even subtle alterations in the intensity, amplitude, location, and duration of Wnt signaling pathways affects skeletal development, as well as bone remodeling, regeneration, and repair during a lifespan. Here we review recent advances and discrepancies in how Wnt/Lrp5 signaling regulates osteoblasts and osteocytes, introduce new players in Wnt signaling pathways that have important roles in bone development, discuss emerging areas such as the role of Wnt signaling in osteoclastogenesis, and summarize progress made in translating basic studies to clinical therapeutics and diagnostics centered around inhibiting Wnt pathway antagonists, such as sclerostin, Dkk1 and Sfrp1. Emphasis is placed on the plethora of genetic studies in mouse models and genome wide association studies that reveal the requirement for and crucial roles of Wnt pathway components during skeletal development and disease.
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Park SJ, Gadi J, Cho KW, Kim KJ, Kim SH, Jung HS, Lim SK. The forkhead transcription factor Foxc2 promotes osteoblastogenesis via up-regulation of integrin β1 expression. Bone 2011; 49:428-38. [PMID: 21640215 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2011.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2011] [Revised: 04/24/2011] [Accepted: 05/11/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The forkhead box C2 (Foxc2) protein, a member of the forkhead/winged helix transcription factor family, plays an important role in regulation of metabolism, arterial specification, and vascular sprouting. Foxc2-null mutants die prenatally or perinatally, and they exhibit hypoplasia of the vertebrae and insufficient chondrification or ossification of medial structures. However, the role of Foxc2 in osteoblastogenesis is not yet fully understood. According to the degree of differentiation of osteoblasts, we found that Foxc2 expression was gradually increased and dose-dependently up-regulated by well-known bone anabolic agents, such as hPTH(1-34) and BMP2. In ex vivo mouse calvarial organ culture, a significant reduction of the basal expression of Foxc2 induced by siFoxc2 remarkably suppressed cell proliferation and differentiation and induced cell death. Knockdown of Foxc2 expression using siFoxc2 in both MC3T3-E1 and primary mouse calvarial cells also resulted in a significant suppression of proliferation and differentiation, and induced cell death, supporting the ex vivo observations. In addition, the resistance to apoptosis induced by serum deprivation and phosphorylation of both Akt and ERK was significantly reduced after siFoxc2 treatment. Conversely, overexpression of Foxc2 increased the proliferation of MC3T3-E1 and primary mouse calvarial cells. Furthermore, we found that Foxc2 enhanced the expression of integrin β1, an important modulator of osteoblastogenesis, by direct binding to a Forkhead-binding element in its promoter. Taken together, these results indicate that Foxc2 plays an important role in osteoblastogenesis by promoting osteoblast proliferation, survival and differentiation through up-regulation of integrin β1 in response to stimuli which induce bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Jin Park
- Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Insights into the genetics of osteoporosis from recent genome-wide association studies. Expert Rev Mol Med 2011; 13:e28. [PMID: 21867596 DOI: 10.1017/s1462399411001980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis, which is characterised by reduced bone mineral density (BMD) and an increased risk of fragility fractures, is the result of a complex interaction between environmental factors and genetic variants that confer susceptibility. Heritability studies have shown that BMD and other osteoporosis-related traits such as ultrasound properties of bone, skeletal geometry and bone turnover have significant inheritable components. Although previous linkage and candidate gene studies have provided few replicated loci for osteoporosis, genome-wide association approaches have produced clear and reproducible findings. To date, 20 genome-wide association studies (GWASs) for osteoporosis and related traits have been conducted, identifying dozens of genes. Further meta-analyses of GWAS data and deep resequencing of rare variants will uncover more novel susceptibility loci and ultimately provide possible therapeutic targets for fracture prevention.
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Relationship of sclerostin and secreted frizzled protein polymorphisms with bone mineral density. Menopause 2011; 18:802-7. [DOI: 10.1097/gme.0b013e3182091664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Potti TA, Petty EM, Lesperance MM. A comprehensive review of reported heritable noggin-associated syndromes and proposed clinical utility of one broadly inclusive diagnostic term: NOG-related-symphalangism spectrum disorder (NOG-SSD). Hum Mutat 2011; 32:877-86. [PMID: 21538686 DOI: 10.1002/humu.21515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2010] [Accepted: 04/12/2011] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The NOG gene encodes noggin, a secreted polypeptide that is important for regulating multiple signaling pathways during human development, particularly in cartilage and bone. The hallmark of NOG-related syndromes is proximal symphalangism, defined by abnormal fusion of the proximal interphalangeal joints of the hands and feet. Many additional features secondary to NOG mutations are commonly but inconsistently observed, including a characteristic facies with a hemicylindrical nose, congenital conductive hearing loss due to stapes fixation, and hyperopia. The variable clinical presentations led to the designation of five different autosomal dominant syndromes, all subsequently found to have resulted from NOG mutations. These include (1) proximal symphalangism; (2) multiple synostoses syndrome 1; (3) stapes ankylosis with broad thumbs and toes; (4) tarsal-carpal coalition syndrome; and (5) brachydactyly type B2. Herein, we review the phenotypic features associated with mutations in the NOG gene, demonstrating the overlapping characteristics of these syndromes. Due to the variable phenotypic spectrum within families and among families with the same mutation, we propose a unifying term, NOG-related symphalangism spectrum disorder (NOG-SSD), to aid in the clinical recognition and evaluation of all affected individuals with these phenotypes. These NOG gene variants are available in a new locus-specific database (https://NOG.lovd.nl).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommy A Potti
- Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Peter I, Crosier MD, Yoshida M, Booth SL, Cupples LA, Dawson-Hughes B, Karasik D, Kiel DP, Ordovas JM, Trikalinos TA. Associations of APOE gene polymorphisms with bone mineral density and fracture risk: a meta-analysis. Osteoporos Int 2011; 22:1199-209. [PMID: 20533025 PMCID: PMC3144470 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-010-1311-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2010] [Accepted: 05/03/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED To determine the association of the Apolipoprotein E (APOE) E4 gene polymorphism with bone mineral density (BMD) and fractures we conducted a meta-analysis of 17 reports. Despite lower trochanteric and lumbar BMD in APOE4 carriers, there is insufficient evidence to support a consistent association of APOE with bone health. INTRODUCTION APOE has been studied for its potential role in osteoporosis risk. It is hypothesized that genetic variation at APOE locus, known as E2, E3, and E4, may modulate BMD through its effects on lipoproteins and vitamin K transport. The purpose of this study was to determine the association of the APOE-E4 gene polymorphism with bone-related phenotypes. METHODS We conducted a meta-analysis that combined newly analyzed individual data from two community-based cohorts, the Framingham Offspring Study (N = 1,495) and the vitamin K clinical trial (N = 377), with 15 other eligible published reports. Bone phenotypes included BMD measurements of the hip (total hip and trochanteric and femoral neck sites) and lumbar spine (from the L2 to L4 vertebrae) and prevalence or incidence of vertebral, hip, and other fractures. RESULTS In sex-pooled analyses, APOE4 carriers had a 0.018 g/cm(2) lower weighted mean trochanteric BMD than non carriers (p = 0.0002) with no evidence for between-study heterogeneity. A significant association was also detected with lumbar spine BMD (p = 0.006); however, inter-study heterogeneity was observed. Associations with lumbar spine and trochanteric BMD were observed predominantly in women and became less significant in meta-regression (p = 0.055 and 0.01, respectively). There were no consistent associations of APOE4 genotype with BMD at other skeletal sites or with fracture risk. CONCLUSIONS Based on these findings, there is insufficient evidence to support a strong and consistent association of the APOE genotype with BMD and fracture incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Peter
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York 10029, USA.
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Li WF, Hou SX, Yu B, Jin D, Férec C, Chen JM. Genetics of osteoporosis: perspectives for personalized medicine. Per Med 2010; 7:655-668. [PMID: 29788568 DOI: 10.2217/pme.10.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is the most common metabolic bone disorder worldwide. At least 15 genes (e.g., ESR1, LRP5, SOST, OPG, RANK and RANKL) have been confirmed as osteoporosis susceptibility genes, and another 30 have been highlighted as promising susceptibility genes. Notably, these genes are clustered in three biological pathways: the estrogen endocrine pathway, the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and the RANK/RANKL/osteoprotegerin (OPG) pathway. In this article, using data pertaining to these three biological pathways as examples, we illustrate possible principles of personalized therapy for osteoporosis. In particular, we propose to use inhibitors (e.g., denosumab) of the RANK/RANKL/OPG signaling pathway to circumvent resistance to estrogen-replacement therapy: a novel idea resulting from the consideration of a mechanistic link between the estrogen endocrine pathway and the RANK/RANKL/OPG signaling pathway. In addition, we call for more attention to be focused on rare variants of major effects in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Feng Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, General Hospital of the People’s Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Shu-Xun Hou
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, General Hospital of the People’s Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Yu
- Department of Orthopaedic Trauma, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dan Jin
- Department of Orthopaedic Trauma, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Claude Férec
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U613, Brest, France; INSERM, U613 and EFS – Bretagne, 46 rue Félix Le Dantec, 29218 Brest, France
- Etablissement Français du Sang (EFS) – Bretagne, Brest, France
- Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Bretagne Occidentale (UBO), Brest, France
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Cauley JA, Blackwell T, Zmuda JM, Fullman RL, Ensrud KE, Stone KL, Barrett-Connor E, Orwoll ES. Correlates of trabecular and cortical volumetric bone mineral density at the femoral neck and lumbar spine: the osteoporotic fractures in men study (MrOS). J Bone Miner Res 2010; 25:1958-71. [PMID: 20572023 PMCID: PMC3727421 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this cross-sectional analysis was to examine the correlates of trabecular and cortical volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) in 3670 community-dwelling men, mean age 73.6 ± 5.9 years. vBMD was measured by quantitative computed tomography (QCT) and areal BMD by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Demographic, historical, and lifestyle information was obtained by interview, and height, weight, and neuromuscular function were determined by examination. To express the strength of the associations, percent differences (95% confidence interval) were calculated from multivariable linear regression models using the formula 100 (β × unit/mean BMD). Units for continuous variables were chosen to approximate 1 standard deviation (SD). The multivariable linear regression models predicted 15%, 21%, and 20% of the overall variance in trabecular and cortical vBMD of the femoral neck and vBMD of the lumbar spine, respectively. Diabetes was associated with a 16.5% greater trabecular vBMD at the femoral neck and 11% at the lumbar spine but less than 2% for cortical vBMD. For femoral neck trabecular vBMD, the strongest negative correlates were past smoking (-9%), fracture history (-15%), kidney stones (-7%), corticosteroids (-11%), and insulin therapy (-26%). For cortical vBMD, the strongest negative correlate was use of thyroid medication (-2.8%). The strongest negative correlates for lumbar spine trabecular vBMD were fracture history (-5%), antiandrogen use (-19%), height (-8%), and thiazoliainedione use (-22%). Bioavailable estradiol and testosterone levels were positively related and sex hormone-binding globulin was negatively related to trabecular vBMD of the spine. There was no relationship between sex hormones and femoral neck trabecular vBMD. Our conclusion is that correlates of trabecular vBMD and cortical vBMD appear to differ in older men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane A Cauley
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
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Abstract
Osteoporosis is an important and complex disorder that is highly prevalent worldwide. This disease poses a major challenge to modern medicine and its treatment is associated with high costs. Numerous studies have endeavored to decipher the pathogenesis of this disease. The clinical assessment of patients often incorporates information about a family history of osteoporotic fractures. Indeed, the observation of an increased risk of fracture in an individual with a positive parental history of hip fracture provides strong evidence for the heritability of osteoporosis. The onset and progression of osteoporosis are generally controlled by multiple genetic and environmental factors, as well as interactions between them, with rare cases determined by a single gene. In an attempt to identify the genetic markers of complex diseases such as osteoporosis, there has been a move away from traditional linkage mapping studies and candidate gene association studies to higher-density genome-wide association studies. The advent of high-throughput technology enables genotyping of millions of DNA markers in the human genome, and consequently the identification and characterization of causal variants and loci that underlie osteoporosis. This Review presents an overview of the major findings since 2007 and clinical applications of these genome-wide linkage and association studies.
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Roshandel D, Holliday KL, Pye SR, Boonen S, Borghs H, Vanderschueren D, Huhtaniemi IT, Adams JE, Ward KA, Bartfai G, Casanueva F, Finn JD, Forti G, Giwercman A, Han TS, Kula K, Lean ME, Pendleton N, Punab M, Silman AJ, Wu FC, Thomson W, O'Neill TW. Genetic variation in the RANKL/RANK/OPG signaling pathway is associated with bone turnover and bone mineral density in men. J Bone Miner Res 2010; 25:1830-8. [PMID: 20205168 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine if single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in RANKL, RANK, and OPG influence bone turnover and bone mineral density (BMD) in men. Pairwise tag SNPs (r(2) > or = 0.8) were selected for RANKL, RANK, and OPG and their 10-kb flanking regions. Selected tag SNPs plus five SNPs near RANKL and OPG, associated with BMD in published genome-wide association studies (GWAS), were genotyped in 2653 men aged 40 to 79 years of age recruited for participation in a population-based study of male aging, the European Male Ageing Study (EMAS). N-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen (PINP) and C-terminal cross-linked telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX-I) serum levels were measured in all men. BMD at the calcaneus was estimated by quantitative ultrasound (QUS) in all men. Lumbar spine and total-hip areal BMD (BMD(a)) was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in a subsample of 620 men. Multiple OPG, RANK, and RANKL SNPs were associated with bone turnover markers. We also identified a number of SNPs associated with BMD, including rs2073618 in OPG and rs9594759 near RANKL. The minor allele of rs2073618 (C) was associated with higher levels of both PINP (beta = 1.83, p = .004) and CTX-I (beta = 17.59, p = 4.74 x 10(-4)), and lower lumbar spine BMD(a) (beta = -0.02, p = .026). The minor allele of rs9594759 (C) was associated with lower PINP (beta = -1.84, p = .003) and CTX-I (beta = -27.02, p = 6.06 x 10(-8)) and higher ultrasound BMD at the calcaneus (beta = 0.01, p = .037). Our findings suggest that genetic variation in the RANKL/RANK/OPG signaling pathway influences bone turnover and BMD in European men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delnaz Roshandel
- Arthritis Research UK, Epidemiology Unit, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
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Xu XH, Dong SS, Guo Y, Yang TL, Lei SF, Papasian CJ, Zhao M, Deng HW. Molecular genetic studies of gene identification for osteoporosis: the 2009 update. Endocr Rev 2010; 31:447-505. [PMID: 20357209 PMCID: PMC3365849 DOI: 10.1210/er.2009-0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2009] [Accepted: 02/02/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a complex human disease that results in increased susceptibility to fragility fractures. It can be phenotypically characterized using several traits, including bone mineral density, bone size, bone strength, and bone turnover markers. The identification of gene variants that contribute to osteoporosis phenotypes, or responses to therapy, can eventually help individualize the prognosis, treatment, and prevention of fractures and their adverse outcomes. Our previously published reviews have comprehensively summarized the progress of molecular genetic studies of gene identification for osteoporosis and have covered the data available to the end of September 2007. This review represents our continuing efforts to summarize the important and representative findings published between October 2007 and November 2009. The topics covered include genetic association and linkage studies in humans, transgenic and knockout mouse models, as well as gene-expression microarray and proteomics studies. Major results are tabulated for comparison and ease of reference. Comments are made on the notable findings and representative studies for their potential influence and implications on our present understanding of the genetics of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Hong Xu
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
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Li WF, Hou SX, Yu B, Li MM, Férec C, Chen JM. Genetics of osteoporosis: accelerating pace in gene identification and validation. Hum Genet 2009; 127:249-85. [PMID: 20101412 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-009-0773-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2009] [Accepted: 11/25/2009] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is characterized by low bone mineral density and structural deterioration of bone tissue, leading to an increased risk of fractures. It is the most common metabolic bone disorder worldwide, affecting one in three women and one in eight men over the age of 50. In the past 15 years, a large number of genes have been reported as being associated with osteoporosis. However, only in the past 4 years we have witnessed an accelerated pace in identifying and validating osteoporosis susceptibility loci. This increase in pace is mostly due to large-scale association studies, meta-analyses, and genome-wide association studies of both single nucleotide polymorphisms and copy number variations. A comprehensive review of these developments revealed that, to date, at least 15 genes (VDR, ESR1, ESR2, LRP5, LRP4, SOST, GRP177, OPG, RANK, RANKL, COLIA1, SPP1, ITGA1, SP7, and SOX6) can be reasonably assigned as confirmed osteoporosis susceptibility genes, whereas, another >30 genes are promising candidate genes. Notably, confirmed and promising genes are clustered in three biological pathways, the estrogen endocrine pathway, the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway, and the RANKL/RANK/OPG pathway. New biological pathways will certainly emerge when more osteoporosis genes are identified and validated. These genetic findings may provide new routes toward improved therapeutic and preventive interventions of this complex disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Feng Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, General Hospital of the People's Liberation Army, 100037 Beijing, China
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