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Lorca-Cámara A, Tourain C, de Sars V, Emiliani V, Accanto N. Multicolor two-photon light-patterning microscope exploiting the spatio-temporal properties of a fiber bundle. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 15:2094-2109. [PMID: 38633065 PMCID: PMC11019707 DOI: 10.1364/boe.507690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
The development of efficient genetically encoded indicators and actuators has opened up the possibility of reading and manipulating neuronal activity in living tissues with light. To achieve precise and reconfigurable targeting of large numbers of neurons with single-cell resolution within arbitrary volumes, different groups have recently developed all-optical strategies based on two-photon excitation and spatio-temporal shaping of ultrashort laser pulses. However, such techniques are often complex to set up and typically operate at a single wavelength only. To address these issues, we have developed a novel optical approach that uses a fiber bundle and a spatial light modulator to achieve simple and dual-color two-photon light patterning in three dimensions. By leveraging the core-to-core temporal delay and the wavelength-independent divergence characteristics of fiber bundles, we have demonstrated the capacity to generate high-resolution excitation spots in a 3D region with two distinct laser wavelengths simultaneously, offering a suitable and simple alternative for precise multicolor cell targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christophe Tourain
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Vincent de Sars
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Valentina Emiliani
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Nicolò Accanto
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 75012 Paris, France
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2
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Yu X, Zhou L, Qi T, Zhao H, Xie H. MEMS Enabled Miniature Two-Photon Microscopy for Biomedical Imaging. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:470. [PMID: 36838170 PMCID: PMC9958604 DOI: 10.3390/mi14020470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Over the last decade, two-photon microscopy (TPM) has been the technique of choice for in vivo noninvasive optical brain imaging for neuroscientific study or intra-vital microendoscopic imaging for clinical diagnosis or surgical guidance because of its intrinsic capability of optical sectioning for imaging deeply below the tissue surface with sub-cellular resolution. However, most of these research activities and clinical applications are constrained by the bulky size of traditional TMP systems. An attractive solution is to develop miniaturized TPMs, but this is challenged by the difficulty of the integration of dynamically scanning optical and mechanical components into a small space. Fortunately, microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) technology, together with other emerging micro-optics techniques, has offered promising opportunities in enabling miniaturized TPMs. In this paper, the latest advancements in both lateral scan and axial scan techniques and the progress of miniaturized TPM imaging will be reviewed in detail. Miniature TPM probes with lateral 2D scanning mechanisms, including electrostatic, electromagnetic, and electrothermal actuation, are reviewed. Miniature TPM probes with axial scanning mechanisms, such as MEMS microlenses, remote-focus, liquid lenses, and deformable MEMS mirrors, are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Biological Effect of Physical Field and Instrument, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610225, China
| | - Liang Zhou
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Tingxiang Qi
- BIT Chongqing Institute of Microelectronics and Microsystems, Chongqing 401332, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- BIT Chongqing Institute of Microelectronics and Microsystems, Chongqing 401332, China
- Foshan Lightview Technology Co., Ltd., Foshan 528000, China
| | - Huikai Xie
- BIT Chongqing Institute of Microelectronics and Microsystems, Chongqing 401332, China
- Foshan Lightview Technology Co., Ltd., Foshan 528000, China
- School of Integrated Circuits and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
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3
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Kučikas V, Werner MP, Schmitz-Rode T, Louradour F, van Zandvoort MAMJ. Two-Photon Endoscopy: State of the Art and Perspectives. Mol Imaging Biol 2023; 25:3-17. [PMID: 34779969 PMCID: PMC9971078 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-021-01665-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the demand for non-destructive deep-tissue imaging modalities has led to interest in multiphoton endoscopy. In contrast to bench top systems, multiphoton endoscopy enables subcellular resolution imaging in areas not reachable before. Several groups have recently presented their development towards the goal of producing user friendly plug and play system, which could be used in biological research and, potentially, clinical applications. We first present the technological challenges, prerequisites, and solutions in two-photon endoscopic systems. Secondly, we focus on the applications already found in literature. These applications mostly serve as a quality check of the built system, but do not answer a specific biomedical research question. Therefore, in the last part, we will describe our vision on the enormous potential applicability of adult two-photon endoscopic systems in biological and clinical research. We will thus bring forward the concept that two-photon endoscopy is a sine qua non in bringing this technique to the forefront in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vytautas Kučikas
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany. .,XLIM Research Institute, Limoges University, CNRS, Limoges, France.
| | - Maximilian P Werner
- Department of Biohybrid and Medical Textiles (BioTex), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Schmitz-Rode
- Department of Biohybrid and Medical Textiles (BioTex), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Marc A M J van Zandvoort
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases CARIM, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
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4
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Accanto N, Blot FGC, Lorca-Cámara A, Zampini V, Bui F, Tourain C, Badt N, Katz O, Emiliani V. A flexible two-photon fiberscope for fast activity imaging and precise optogenetic photostimulation of neurons in freely moving mice. Neuron 2023; 111:176-189.e6. [PMID: 36395773 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2022.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We developed a flexible two-photon microendoscope (2P-FENDO) capable of all-optical brain investigation at near cellular resolution in freely moving mice. The system performs fast two-photon (2P) functional imaging and 2P holographic photostimulation of single and multiple cells using axially confined extended spots. Proof-of-principle experiments were performed in freely moving mice co-expressing jGCaMP7s and the opsin ChRmine in the visual or barrel cortex. On a field of view of 250 μm in diameter, we demonstrated functional imaging at a frame rate of up to 50 Hz and precise photostimulation of selected groups of cells. With the capability to simultaneously image and control defined neuronal networks in freely moving animals, 2P-FENDO will enable a precise investigation of neuronal functions in the brain during naturalistic behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolò Accanto
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, F-75012 Paris, France.
| | - François G C Blot
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, F-75012 Paris, France
| | | | - Valeria Zampini
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, F-75012 Paris, France
| | - Florence Bui
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, F-75012 Paris, France
| | - Christophe Tourain
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, F-75012 Paris, France
| | - Noam Badt
- Department of Applied Physics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Ori Katz
- Department of Applied Physics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Valentina Emiliani
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, F-75012 Paris, France.
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5
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Freymüller C, Ströbl S, Aumiller M, Eisel M, Sroka R, Rühm A. Development of a microstructured tissue phantom with adaptable optical properties for use with microscopes and fluorescence lifetime imaging systems. Lasers Surg Med 2022; 54:1010-1026. [PMID: 35753039 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.23556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES For the development and validation of diagnostic procedures based on microscopic methods, knowledge about the imaging depth and achievable resolution in tissue is crucial. This poses the challenge to develop a microscopic artificial phantom focused on the microscopic instead of the macroscopic optical tissue characteristics. METHODS As existing artificial tissue phantoms designed for image forming systems are primarily targeted at wide field applications, they are unsuited for reaching the formulated objective. Therefore, a microscopy- and microendoscopy-suited artificial tissue phantom was developed and characterized. It is based on a microstructured glass surface coated with fluorescent beads at known depths covered by a scattering agent with modifiable optical properties. The phantom was examined with different kinds of microscopy systems in order to characterize its quality and stability and to demonstrate its usefulness for instrument comparison, for example, regarding structural as well as fluorescence lifetime analysis. RESULTS The analysis of the manufactured microstructured glass surfaces showed high regularity in their physical dimensions in accordance with the specifications. Measurements of the optical parameters of the scattering medium were consistent with simulations. The fluorescent beads coating proved to be stable for a respectable period of time (about a week). The developed artificial tissue phantom was successfully used to detect differences in image quality between a research microscope and an endoscopy based system. Plausible causes for the observed differences could be derived based on the well known microstructure of the phantom. CONCLUSIONS The artificial tissue phantom is well suited for the intended use with microscopic and microendoscopic systems. Due to its configurable design, it can be adapted to a wide range of applications. It is especially targeted at the characterization and calibration of clinical imaging systems that often lack extensive positioning capabilities such as an intrinsic z-stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Freymüller
- Laser-Forschungslabor, LIFE Center, Department of Urology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Urology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Stephan Ströbl
- Laser-Forschungslabor, LIFE Center, Department of Urology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Urology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Research Center for Microtechnology, FH Vorarlberg, Dornbirn, Vorarlberg, Austria
| | - Maximilian Aumiller
- Laser-Forschungslabor, LIFE Center, Department of Urology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Urology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Maximilian Eisel
- Laser-Forschungslabor, LIFE Center, Department of Urology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Urology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ronald Sroka
- Laser-Forschungslabor, LIFE Center, Department of Urology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Urology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Adrian Rühm
- Laser-Forschungslabor, LIFE Center, Department of Urology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Urology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
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6
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Kreiss L, Thoma OM, Lemire S, Lechner K, Carlé B, Dilipkumar A, Kunert T, Scheibe K, Heichler C, Merten AL, Weigmann B, Neufert C, Hildner K, Vieth M, Neurath MF, Friedrich O, Schürmann S, Waldner MJ. Label-Free Characterization and Quantification of Mucosal Inflammation in Common Murine Colitis Models With Multiphoton Imaging. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2022; 28:1637-1646. [PMID: 35699622 PMCID: PMC9629455 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izac114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical challenges in inflammatory bowel diseases require microscopic in vivo evaluation of inflammation. Here, label-free imaging holds great potential, and recently, our group demonstrated the advantage of using in vivo multiphoton endomicroscopy for longitudinal animal studies. This article extends our previous work by in-depth analysis of label-free tissue features in common colitis models quantified by the multiphoton colitis score (MCS). METHODS Fresh mucosal tissues were evaluated from acute and chronic dextran sulfate sodium (DSS), TNBS, oxazolone, and transfer colitis. Label-free imaging was performed by using second harmonic generation and natural autofluorescence. Morphological changes in mucosal crypts, collagen fibers, and cellularity in the stroma were analyzed and graded. RESULTS Our approach discriminated between healthy (mean MCS = 2.5) and inflamed tissue (mean MCS > 5) in all models, and the MCS was validated by hematoxylin and eosin scoring of the same samples (85.2% agreement). Moreover, specific characteristics of each phenotype were identified. While TNBS, oxazolone, and transfer colitis showed high cellularity in stroma, epithelial damage seemed specific for chronic, acute DSS and transfer colitis. Crypt deformations were mostly observed in acute DSS. CONCLUSIONS Quantification of label-free imaging is promising for in vivo endoscopy. In the future, this could be valuable for monitoring of inflammatory pathways in murine models, which is highly relevant for the development of new inflammatory bowel disease therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Kreiss
- Address correspondence to: Lucas Kreiss, Dr.-Ing, Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Paul-Gordan-Str 3, 91052 Erlangen, Germany ()
| | | | - Sarah Lemire
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander UniversityErlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany,Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kristina Lechner
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander UniversityErlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany,Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Birgitta Carlé
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Friedrich-Alexander UniversityErlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ashwathama Dilipkumar
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Friedrich-Alexander UniversityErlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany,Erlangen Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technologies, Friedrich-Alexander UniversityErlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Timo Kunert
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander UniversityErlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany,Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kristina Scheibe
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander UniversityErlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany,Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christina Heichler
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander UniversityErlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany,Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anna-Lena Merten
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Friedrich-Alexander UniversityErlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany,Erlangen Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technologies, Friedrich-Alexander UniversityErlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Benno Weigmann
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander UniversityErlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany,Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Clemens Neufert
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander UniversityErlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany,Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kai Hildner
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander UniversityErlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany,Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Vieth
- Institute of Pathology, Klinikum Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany,Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander UniversityErlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Markus F Neurath
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander UniversityErlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany,Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Oliver Friedrich
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Friedrich-Alexander UniversityErlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany,Erlangen Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technologies, Friedrich-Alexander UniversityErlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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7
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Mehidine H, Devaux B, Varlet P, Abi Haidar D. Comparative Study Between a Customized Bimodal Endoscope and a Benchtop Microscope for Quantitative Tissue Diagnosis. Front Oncol 2022; 12:881331. [PMID: 35686105 PMCID: PMC9171499 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.881331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, surgical removal remains the standard method to treat brain tumors. During surgery, the neurosurgeon may encounter difficulties to delimitate tumor boundaries and the infiltrating areas as they have a similar visual appearance to adjacent healthy zones. These infiltrating residuals increase the tumor recurrence risk, which decreases the patient’s post-operation survival time. To help neurosurgeons improve the surgical act by accurately delimitating healthy from cancerous areas, our team is developing an intraoperative multimodal imaging tool. It consists of a two-photon fluorescence fibered endomicroscope that is intended to provide a fast, real-time, and reliable diagnosis information. In parallel to the instrumental development, a large optical database is currently under construction in order to characterize healthy and tumor brain tissues with their specific optical signature using multimodal analysis of the endogenous fluorescence. Our previous works show that this multimodal analysis could provide a reliable discrimination response between different tissue types based on several optical indicators. Here, our goal is to show that the two-photon fibered endomicroscope is able to provide, based on the same approved indicators in the tissue database, the same reliable response that could be used intraoperatively. We compared the spectrally resolved and time-resolved fluorescence signal, generated by our two-photon bimodal endoscope from 46 fresh brain tissue samples, with a similar signal provided by a standard reference benchtop multiphoton microscope that has been validated for tissue diagnosis. The higher excitation efficiency and collection ability of an endogenous fluorescence signal were shown for the endoscope setup. Similar molecular ratios and fluorescence lifetime distributions were extracted from the two compared setups. Spectral discrimination ability of the bimodal endoscope was validated. As a preliminary step before tackling multimodality, the ability of the developed bimodal fibered endoscope to excite and to collect efficiently as well as to provide a fast exploitable high-quality signal that is reliable to discriminate different types of human brain tissues was validated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bertrand Devaux
- Université Paris Cité - Faculté de Médecine Paris Descartes, Paris, France.,Service de Neurochirurgie, Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France.,Department of Neurosurgery, GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neuroscience, Paris, France
| | - Pascale Varlet
- Université Paris Cité - Faculté de Médecine Paris Descartes, Paris, France.,Department of Neuropathology, GHU Paris-Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France.,IMA BRAIN, INSERM UMR S1266, Centre de Psychiatrie et de Neurosciences, Paris, France
| | - Darine Abi Haidar
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France.,Université Paris Cité, IJCLab, Orsay, France
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8
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Ranjit S, Lanzanò L, Libby AE, Gratton E, Levi M. Advances in fluorescence microscopy techniques to study kidney function. Nat Rev Nephrol 2020; 17:128-144. [PMID: 32948857 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-020-00337-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence microscopy, in particular immunofluorescence microscopy, has been used extensively for the assessment of kidney function and pathology for both research and diagnostic purposes. The development of confocal microscopy in the 1950s enabled imaging of live cells and intravital imaging of the kidney; however, confocal microscopy is limited by its maximal spatial resolution and depth. More recent advances in fluorescence microscopy techniques have enabled increasingly detailed assessment of kidney structure and provided extraordinary insights into kidney function. For example, nanoscale precise imaging by rapid beam oscillation (nSPIRO) is a super-resolution microscopy technique that was originally developed for functional imaging of kidney microvilli and enables detection of dynamic physiological events in the kidney. A variety of techniques such as fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP), fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) and Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) enable assessment of interaction between proteins. The emergence of other super-resolution techniques, including super-resolution stimulated emission depletion (STED), photoactivated localization microscopy (PALM), stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (STORM) and structured illumination microscopy (SIM), has enabled functional imaging of cellular and subcellular organelles at ≤50 nm resolution. The deep imaging via emission recovery (DIVER) detector allows deep, label-free and high-sensitivity imaging of second harmonics, enabling assessment of processes such as fibrosis, whereas fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) enables assessment of metabolic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Ranjit
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA. .,Laboratory for Fluorescence Dynamics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
| | - Luca Lanzanò
- Nanoscopy and NIC@IIT, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy.,Department of Physics and Astronomy "Ettore Majorana", University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Andrew E Libby
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Enrico Gratton
- Laboratory for Fluorescence Dynamics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
| | - Moshe Levi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA.
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9
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Garofalakis A, Kruglik SG, Mansuryan T, Gillibert A, Thiberville L, Louradour F, Vever-Bizet C, Bourg-Heckly G. Characterization of a multicore fiber image guide for nonlinear endoscopic imaging using two-photon fluorescence and second-harmonic generation. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2019; 24:1-12. [PMID: 31646840 PMCID: PMC7000885 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.24.10.106004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Multiphoton microscopy (MPM) has the capacity to record second-harmonic generation (SHG) and endogenous two-photon excitation fluorescence (2PEF) signals emitted from biological tissues. The development of fiber-based miniaturized endomicroscopes delivering pulses in the femtosecond range will allow the transfer of MPM to clinical endoscopy. We present real-time SHG and 2PEF ex vivo images using an endomicroscope, which totally complies with clinical endoscopy regulations. This system is based on the proximal scanning of a commercial multicore image guide (IG). For understanding the inhomogeneities of the recorded images, we quantitatively characterize the IG at the single-core level during nonlinear excitation. The obtained results suggest that these inhomogeneities originate from the variable core geometries that, therefore, exhibit variable nonlinear and dispersive properties. Finally, we propose a method based on modulation of dispersion precompensation to address the image inhomogeneity issue and, as a proof of concept, we demonstrate its capability to improve the nonlinear image quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anikitos Garofalakis
- Sorbonne Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, Laboratoire Jean Perrin, Paris, France
| | - Sergei G. Kruglik
- Sorbonne Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, Laboratoire Jean Perrin, Paris, France
| | | | - André Gillibert
- Rouen University Hospital, Department of Biostatistics, Rouen, France
| | - Luc Thiberville
- CHU Rouen, Service de Pneumologie, Oncologie Thoracique et Soins Intensifs Respiratoires, Rouen, France
| | | | - Christine Vever-Bizet
- Sorbonne Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, Laboratoire Jean Perrin, Paris, France
| | - Genevieve Bourg-Heckly
- Sorbonne Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, Laboratoire Jean Perrin, Paris, France
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10
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Dilipkumar A, Al‐Shemmary A, Kreiß L, Cvecek K, Carlé B, Knieling F, Gonzales Menezes J, Thoma O, Schmidt M, Neurath MF, Waldner M, Friedrich O, Schürmann S. Label-Free Multiphoton Endomicroscopy for Minimally Invasive In Vivo Imaging. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2019; 6:1801735. [PMID: 31016109 PMCID: PMC6468963 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201801735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Multiphoton microscopy of cellular autofluorescence and second harmonic generation from collagen facilitates imaging of living cells and tissues without the need for additional fluorescent labels. Here, a compact multiphoton endomicroscope for label-free in vivo imaging in small animals via side-viewing needle objectives is presented. Minimal invasive imaging at cellular resolution is performed in colonoscopy of mice without surgical measures and without fluorescent dyes as a contrast agent. The colon mucosa is imaged repeatedly in the same animal in a mouse model of acute intestinal inflammation to study the process of inflammation at the tissue level within a time period of ten days, demonstrating the capabilities of label-free endomicroscopy for longitudinal studies for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwathama Dilipkumar
- Institute of Medical BiotechnologyFriedrich‐Alexander‐Universität Erlangen‐Nürnberg (FAU)Paul‐Gordan‐Str. 391052ErlangenGermany
- Erlangen Graduate School in Advanced Optical TechnologiesFriedrich‐Alexander‐Universität Erlangen‐Nürnberg (FAU)Paul‐Gordan‐Str. 791052ErlangenGermany
| | - Alaa Al‐Shemmary
- Institute of Medical BiotechnologyFriedrich‐Alexander‐Universität Erlangen‐Nürnberg (FAU)Paul‐Gordan‐Str. 391052ErlangenGermany
- Erlangen Graduate School in Advanced Optical TechnologiesFriedrich‐Alexander‐Universität Erlangen‐Nürnberg (FAU)Paul‐Gordan‐Str. 791052ErlangenGermany
| | - Lucas Kreiß
- Institute of Medical BiotechnologyFriedrich‐Alexander‐Universität Erlangen‐Nürnberg (FAU)Paul‐Gordan‐Str. 391052ErlangenGermany
- Erlangen Graduate School in Advanced Optical TechnologiesFriedrich‐Alexander‐Universität Erlangen‐Nürnberg (FAU)Paul‐Gordan‐Str. 791052ErlangenGermany
| | - Kristian Cvecek
- Erlangen Graduate School in Advanced Optical TechnologiesFriedrich‐Alexander‐Universität Erlangen‐Nürnberg (FAU)Paul‐Gordan‐Str. 791052ErlangenGermany
- Institute of Photonic TechnologiesFriedrich‐Alexander‐Universität Erlangen‐Nürnberg (FAU)Konrad‐Zuse‐Str. 3–591052ErlangenGermany
| | - Birgitta Carlé
- Institute of Medical BiotechnologyFriedrich‐Alexander‐Universität Erlangen‐Nürnberg (FAU)Paul‐Gordan‐Str. 391052ErlangenGermany
- Erlangen Graduate School in Advanced Optical TechnologiesFriedrich‐Alexander‐Universität Erlangen‐Nürnberg (FAU)Paul‐Gordan‐Str. 791052ErlangenGermany
| | - Ferdinand Knieling
- Department of Internal Medicine 1University Hospital ErlangenUlmenweg 1891054ErlangenGermany
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent MedicineUniversity Hospital ErlangenLoschgestr. 1591054ErlangenGermany
| | - Jean Gonzales Menezes
- Department of Internal Medicine 1University Hospital ErlangenUlmenweg 1891054ErlangenGermany
| | - Oana‐Maria Thoma
- Erlangen Graduate School in Advanced Optical TechnologiesFriedrich‐Alexander‐Universität Erlangen‐Nürnberg (FAU)Paul‐Gordan‐Str. 791052ErlangenGermany
- Department of Internal Medicine 1University Hospital ErlangenUlmenweg 1891054ErlangenGermany
| | - Michael Schmidt
- Erlangen Graduate School in Advanced Optical TechnologiesFriedrich‐Alexander‐Universität Erlangen‐Nürnberg (FAU)Paul‐Gordan‐Str. 791052ErlangenGermany
- Institute of Photonic TechnologiesFriedrich‐Alexander‐Universität Erlangen‐Nürnberg (FAU)Konrad‐Zuse‐Str. 3–591052ErlangenGermany
| | - Markus F. Neurath
- Erlangen Graduate School in Advanced Optical TechnologiesFriedrich‐Alexander‐Universität Erlangen‐Nürnberg (FAU)Paul‐Gordan‐Str. 791052ErlangenGermany
- Department of Internal Medicine 1University Hospital ErlangenUlmenweg 1891054ErlangenGermany
| | - Maximilian Waldner
- Erlangen Graduate School in Advanced Optical TechnologiesFriedrich‐Alexander‐Universität Erlangen‐Nürnberg (FAU)Paul‐Gordan‐Str. 791052ErlangenGermany
- Department of Internal Medicine 1University Hospital ErlangenUlmenweg 1891054ErlangenGermany
| | - Oliver Friedrich
- Institute of Medical BiotechnologyFriedrich‐Alexander‐Universität Erlangen‐Nürnberg (FAU)Paul‐Gordan‐Str. 391052ErlangenGermany
- Erlangen Graduate School in Advanced Optical TechnologiesFriedrich‐Alexander‐Universität Erlangen‐Nürnberg (FAU)Paul‐Gordan‐Str. 791052ErlangenGermany
| | - Sebastian Schürmann
- Institute of Medical BiotechnologyFriedrich‐Alexander‐Universität Erlangen‐Nürnberg (FAU)Paul‐Gordan‐Str. 391052ErlangenGermany
- Erlangen Graduate School in Advanced Optical TechnologiesFriedrich‐Alexander‐Universität Erlangen‐Nürnberg (FAU)Paul‐Gordan‐Str. 791052ErlangenGermany
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11
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Kim DY, Hwang K, Ahn J, Seo YH, Kim JB, Lee S, Yoon JH, Kong E, Jeong Y, Jon S, Kim P, Jeong KH. Lissajous Scanning Two-photon Endomicroscope for In vivo Tissue Imaging. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3560. [PMID: 30837501 PMCID: PMC6401070 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-38762-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
An endomicroscope opens new frontiers of non-invasive biopsy for in vivo imaging applications. Here we report two-photon laser scanning endomicroscope for in vivo cellular and tissue imaging using a Lissajous fiber scanner. The fiber scanner consists of a piezoelectric (PZT) tube, a single double-clad fiber (DCF) with high fluorescence collection, and a micro-tethered-silicon-oscillator (MTSO) for the separation of biaxial resonant scanning frequencies. The endomicroscopic imaging exhibits 5 frames/s with 99% in scanning density by using the selection rule of scanning frequencies. The endomicroscopic scanner was compactly packaged within a stainless tube of 2.6 mm in diameter with a high NA gradient-index (GRIN) lens, which can be easily inserted into the working channel of a conventional laparoscope. The lateral and axial resolutions of the endomicroscope are 0.70 µm and 7.6 μm, respectively. Two-photon fluorescence images of a stained kidney section and miscellaneous ex vivo and in vivo organs from wild type and green fluorescent protein transgenic (GFP-TG) mice were successfully obtained by using the endomicroscope. The endomicroscope also obtained label free images including autofluorescence and second-harmonic generation of an ear tissue of Thy1-GCaMP6 (GP5.17) mouse. The Lissajous scanning two-photon endomicroscope can provide a compact handheld platform for in vivo tissue imaging or optical biopsy applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Youngsuk Kim
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,KAIST Institute of Health science and technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungmin Hwang
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,KAIST Institute of Health science and technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhyo Ahn
- Biomedical Science and Engineering Interdisciplinary Program, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,KAIST Institute of Health science and technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong-Hyeon Seo
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,KAIST Institute of Health science and technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Beom Kim
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,KAIST Institute of Health science and technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyoung Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,KAIST Institute for the BioCentury, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Hui Yoon
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,KAIST Institute of Health science and technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunji Kong
- Biomedical Science and Engineering Interdisciplinary Program, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,KAIST Institute of Health science and technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Jeong
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,KAIST Institute of Health science and technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangyong Jon
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,KAIST Institute for the BioCentury, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Pilhan Kim
- Biomedical Science and Engineering Interdisciplinary Program, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,KAIST Institute of Health science and technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Hun Jeong
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea. .,KAIST Institute of Health science and technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Choi J, Duan X, Li H, Wang TD, Oldham KR. Multi-photon vertical cross-sectional imaging with a dynamically-balanced thin-film PZT z-axis microactuator. JOURNAL OF MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS : A JOINT IEEE AND ASME PUBLICATION ON MICROSTRUCTURES, MICROACTUATORS, MICROSENSORS, AND MICROSYSTEMS 2017; 26:1018-1029. [PMID: 29398884 PMCID: PMC5790190 DOI: 10.1109/jmems.2017.2701798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Use of a thin-film piezoelectric microactuator for axial scanning during multi-photon vertical cross-sectional imaging is described. The actuator uses thin-film lead-zirconate-titanate (PZT) to generate upward displacement of a central mirror platform, micro-machined from a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafer to dimensions compatible with endoscopic imaging instruments. Device modeling in this paper focuses on existence of frequencies near device resonance producing vertical motion with minimal off-axis tilt even in the presence of multiple vibration modes and non-uniformity in fabrication outcomes. Operation near rear resonance permits large stroke lengths at low voltages relative to other vertical microactuators. Highly uniform vertical motion of the mirror platform is a key requirement for vertical cross-sectional imaging in the remote scan architecture being used for multi-photon instrument prototyping. The stage is installed in a benchtop testbed in combination with an electrostatic mirror that performs in-plane scanning. Vertical sectional images are acquired from 15 μm diameter beads and excised mouse colon tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongsoo Choi
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, mi, 48109. He is now with Vesper Technologies, Boston, ma
| | - Xiyu Duan
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, mi, 48109
| | - Haijun Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, mi, 48109
| | - Thomas D Wang
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Biomedical Engineering, and Mechanical Engineering at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, mi 48109
| | - Kenn R Oldham
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ann Arbor, mi 48109
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13
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Xu J, Chen Y, Chen H, Hong Z, Shi Z, Zhuo S, Zhu X, Chen J. Identifying the neck margin status of ductal adenocarcinoma in the pancreatic head by multiphoton microscopy. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4586. [PMID: 28676646 PMCID: PMC5496940 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04771-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Complete surgical resection is the only option for improving the survival of patients with ductal adenocarcinoma in the pancreatic head. After resection, determining the status of resection margins (RMs) is crucial for deciding on the nature of the follow-up treatment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether multiphoton microscopy (MPM) could be considered a reliable tool for determining the status of pancreatic neck margins by identifying tumour cells of ductal adenocarcinoma in these margins in the pancreatic head, and our results were affirmative. In particular, MPM could identify tumour cells in the nerves. It was also found that the quantification of the difference between normal duct cells and tumour cells was possible. In addition, the content of collagen could be quantified and used as a marker for differentiating ductal adenocarcinoma in the pancreatic head from normal pancreatic tissues, eventually leading to the identification of R0 and R1 resections of the pancreatic neck margin. With the development of the clinical applications of the multiphoton endoscope, MPM has the potential to provide in vivo real-time identification of RM status during surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Xu
- Institute of Laser and Optoelectronics Technology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology, Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, P. R. China
| | - Youting Chen
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, P. R. China
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, P. R. China
| | - Zhipeng Hong
- Derpartment of General Surgery, the Affiliated Quanzhou First Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, 362000, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Shi
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, P. R. China.
| | - Shuangmu Zhuo
- Institute of Laser and Optoelectronics Technology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology, Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqin Zhu
- Institute of Laser and Optoelectronics Technology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology, Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, P. R. China
| | - Jianxin Chen
- Institute of Laser and Optoelectronics Technology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology, Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, P. R. China.
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14
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Narice BF, Green NH, MacNeil S, Anumba D. Second Harmonic Generation microscopy reveals collagen fibres are more organised in the cervix of postmenopausal women. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2016; 14:70. [PMID: 27769268 PMCID: PMC5073459 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-016-0204-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During labour, the cervix undergoes a series of changes to allow the passage of the fetoplacental unit. While this visible transformation is well-described, the underlying and causative microscopic changes, in which collagen plays a major role, are poorly understood and difficult to visualise. Recent studies in mice and humans have shown that Second Harmonic Generation (SHG) microscopy, a non-destructive imaging technique, can detect changes in the cervical collagen. However, the question of whether SHG can identify changes in the arrangement of cervical collagen at different physiological stages still needs addressing. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the cervical collagen alignment between pre- and postmenopausal women using SHG and to generate proof-of-concept data prior to assessing this technique in pregnancy. METHODS Cervical biopsies from premenopausal (n = 4) and postmenopausal (n = 4) multiparous women undergoing hysterectomy for benign conditions were cross-sectionally scanned using an upright confocal microscope. SHG images were collected in Z-stacks and qualitatively evaluated using semi-quantitative scoring (0-3 in ascending degree of alignment) by assessors who were unaware of the classification of the SHG images, and quantitatively, using 2D Fourier transformation analysis. The dominant orientation and difference in dispersion of collagen fibres in each z-stack (X ± SD) was calculated and compared between groups. RESULTS Qualitatively, collagen fibres appeared more organised in postmenopausal women, [premenopausal: median 0, range (0-1), postmenopausal: median 1.25, range (1-3); X 2 (df = 5) = 19.35, p = 0.002]. Quantitatively, there was a statistically significant difference in collagen fibre dispersion between premenopausal (5.39° ± 12.68°) and postmenopausal women (-1.58° ± 8.24°), [Welch's t-test (245.54) = 5.54, p < 0.01], with no significant differences in dispersion within each group [premenopausal, Welch's F (7, 57.23) = 1.84, p = 0.098; postmenopausal, Welch's F (7, 57.28) = 1.39, p = 0.23]. CONCLUSION These results suggest an increased alignment of cervical collagen in postmenopausal women which may result in increased stiffness and reduced compliance, confirm that SHG microscopy can provide qualitative and quantitative information about cervical collagen orientation without sample preparation, and support further research to explore SHG as a means of assessing cervical remodelling to predict the timing of term and preterm labour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda F. Narice
- Academic Unit of Reproductive and Developmental Medicine, University of Sheffield, Jessop Wing, Sheffield, S10 2SF UK
| | - Nicola H. Green
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kroto Research Institute, University of Sheffield, Broad Lane, Sheffield, S3 7HQ UK
| | - Sheila MacNeil
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kroto Research Institute, University of Sheffield, Broad Lane, Sheffield, S3 7HQ UK
| | - Dilly Anumba
- Academic Unit of Reproductive and Developmental Medicine, University of Sheffield, Jessop Wing, Sheffield, S10 2SF UK
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15
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Krolopp Á, Csákányi A, Haluszka D, Csáti D, Vass L, Kolonics A, Wikonkál N, Szipőcs R. Handheld nonlinear microscope system comprising a 2 MHz repetition rate, mode-locked Yb-fiber laser for in vivo biomedical imaging. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 7:3531-3542. [PMID: 27699118 PMCID: PMC5030030 DOI: 10.1364/boe.7.003531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A novel, Yb-fiber laser based, handheld 2PEF/SHG microscope imaging system is introduced. It is suitable for in vivo imaging of murine skin at an average power level as low as 5 mW at 200 kHz sampling rate. Amplified and compressed laser pulses having a spectral bandwidth of 8 to 12 nm at around 1030 nm excite the biological samples at a ~1.89 MHz repetition rate, which explains how the high quality two-photon excitation fluorescence (2PEF) and second harmonic generation (SHG) images are obtained at the average power level of a laser pointer. The scanning, imaging and detection head, which comprises a conventional microscope objective for beam focusing, has a physical length of ~180 mm owing to the custom designed imaging telescope system between the laser scanner mirrors and the entrance aperture of the microscope objective. Operation of the all-fiber, all-normal dispersion Yb-fiber ring laser oscillator is electronically controlled by a two-channel polarization controller for Q-switching free mode-locked operation. The whole nonlinear microscope imaging system has the main advantages of the low price of the fs laser applied, fiber optics flexibility, a relatively small, light-weight scanning and detection head, and a very low risk of thermal or photochemical damage of the skin samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ádám Krolopp
- Wigner RCP, Institute for Solid State Physics and Optics, P.O. Box 49, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary
- R & D Ultrafast Lasers Ltd, P.O. Box 622, H-1539 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Csákányi
- Wigner RCP, Institute for Solid State Physics and Optics, P.O. Box 49, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dóra Haluszka
- Wigner RCP, Institute for Solid State Physics and Optics, P.O. Box 49, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Semmelweis University, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dániel Csáti
- R & D Ultrafast Lasers Ltd, P.O. Box 622, H-1539 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Lajos Vass
- R & D Ultrafast Lasers Ltd, P.O. Box 622, H-1539 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Kolonics
- Wigner RCP, Institute for Solid State Physics and Optics, P.O. Box 49, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary
- R & D Ultrafast Lasers Ltd, P.O. Box 622, H-1539 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Norbert Wikonkál
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Semmelweis University, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Róbert Szipőcs
- Wigner RCP, Institute for Solid State Physics and Optics, P.O. Box 49, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary
- R & D Ultrafast Lasers Ltd, P.O. Box 622, H-1539 Budapest, Hungary
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16
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Prieto SP, Lai KK, Laryea JA, Mizell JS, Muldoon TJ. Quantitative analysis of ex vivo colorectal epithelium using an automated feature extraction algorithm for microendoscopy image data. J Med Imaging (Bellingham) 2016; 3:024502. [PMID: 27335893 DOI: 10.1117/1.jmi.3.2.024502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Qualitative screening for colorectal polyps via fiber bundle microendoscopy imaging has shown promising results, with studies reporting high rates of sensitivity and specificity, as well as low interobserver variability with trained clinicians. A quantitative image quality control and image feature extraction algorithm (QFEA) was designed to lessen the burden of training and provide objective data for improved clinical efficacy of this method. After a quantitative image quality control step, QFEA extracts field-of-view area, crypt area, crypt circularity, and crypt number per image. To develop and validate this QFEA, a training set of microendoscopy images was collected from freshly resected porcine colon epithelium. The algorithm was then further validated on ex vivo image data collected from eight human subjects, selected from clinically normal appearing regions distant from grossly visible tumor in surgically resected colorectal tissue. QFEA has proven flexible in application to both mosaics and individual images, and its automated crypt detection sensitivity ranges from 71 to 94% despite intensity and contrast variation within the field of view. It also demonstrates the ability to detect and quantify differences in grossly normal regions among different subjects, suggesting the potential efficacy of this approach in detecting occult regions of dysplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra P Prieto
- University of Arkansas , Department of Biomedical Engineering, 1 University Boulevard, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
| | - Keith K Lai
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Department of Pathology, 4301 West Markham Street, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, United States
| | - Jonathan A Laryea
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, 4301 West Markham Street, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, United States
| | - Jason S Mizell
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, 4301 West Markham Street, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, United States
| | - Timothy J Muldoon
- University of Arkansas , Department of Biomedical Engineering, 1 University Boulevard, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
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17
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Tate TH, Baggett B, Rice PFS, Koevary JW, Orsinger GV, Nymeyer AC, Welge WA, Saboda K, Roe DJ, Hatch KD, Chambers SK, Utzinger U, Barton JK. Multispectral fluorescence imaging of human ovarian and fallopian tube tissue for early-stage cancer detection. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2016; 21:56005. [PMID: 27220626 PMCID: PMC5996865 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.21.5.056005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
With early detection, 5-year survival rates for ovarian cancer exceed 90%, yet no effective early screening method exists. Emerging consensus suggests over 50% of the most lethal form of the disease originates in the fallopian tube. Twenty-eight women undergoing oophorectomy or debulking surgery provided informed consent for the use of surgical discard tissue samples for multispectral fluorescence imaging. Using multiple ultraviolet and visible excitation wavelengths and emissions bands, 12 fluorescence and 6 reflectance images of 47 ovarian and 31 fallopian tube tissue samples were recorded. After imaging, each sample was fixed, sectioned, and stained for pathological evaluation. Univariate logistic regression showed cancerous tissue samples had significantly lower intensity than noncancerous tissue for 17 image types. The predictive power of multiple image types was evaluated using multivariate logistic regression (MLR) and quadratic discriminant analysis (QDA). Two MLR models each using two image types had receiver operating characteristic curves with area under the curve exceeding 0.9. QDA determined 56 image type combinations with perfect resubstituting using as few as five image types. Adaption of the system for future in vivo fallopian tube and ovary endoscopic imaging is possible, which may enable sensitive detection of ovarian cancer with no exogenous contrast agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler H. Tate
- University of Arizona, College of Optical Sciences, 1630 East University Boulevard, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Brenda Baggett
- University of Arizona, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 1657 East Helen Street, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Photini F. S. Rice
- University of Arizona, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 1657 East Helen Street, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Jennifer Watson Koevary
- University of Arizona, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 1657 East Helen Street, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Gabriel V. Orsinger
- University of Arizona, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 1657 East Helen Street, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Ariel C. Nymeyer
- University of Arizona, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 1657 East Helen Street, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Weston A. Welge
- University of Arizona, College of Optical Sciences, 1630 East University Boulevard, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Kathylynn Saboda
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, 1515 North Campbell Avenue, Tucson, Arizona 85724, United States
| | - Denise J. Roe
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, 1515 North Campbell Avenue, Tucson, Arizona 85724, United States
| | - Kenneth D. Hatch
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, 1515 North Campbell Avenue, Tucson, Arizona 85724, United States
| | - Setsuko K. Chambers
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, 1515 North Campbell Avenue, Tucson, Arizona 85724, United States
| | - Urs Utzinger
- University of Arizona, College of Optical Sciences, 1630 East University Boulevard, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
- University of Arizona, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 1657 East Helen Street, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Jennifer Kehlet Barton
- University of Arizona, College of Optical Sciences, 1630 East University Boulevard, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
- University of Arizona, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 1657 East Helen Street, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
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18
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Mekhail SP, Arbuthnott G, Chormaic SN. Advances in Fibre Microendoscopy for Neuronal Imaging. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/odps-2016-0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractTraditionally, models for neural dynamics in the brain have been formed through research conducted on slices, with electrodes, or by lesions to functional areas. Recent developments in functional dyes and optogenetics has made brain research more accessible through the use of light. However, this improved accessibility does not necessarily apply to deep regions of the brain which are surrounded by scattering tissue. In this article we give an overview of some of the latest methods in development for neural measurement and imaging.We specifically address methods designed to overcome the problem of imaging invivo for regions far beyond the mean free path of photons in brain tissue. These methodswould permit previously restricted neural research.
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19
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Ducourthial G, Leclerc P, Mansuryan T, Fabert M, Brevier J, Habert R, Braud F, Batrin R, Vever-Bizet C, Bourg-Heckly G, Thiberville L, Druilhe A, Kudlinski A, Louradour F. Development of a real-time flexible multiphoton microendoscope for label-free imaging in a live animal. Sci Rep 2015; 5:18303. [PMID: 26673905 PMCID: PMC4682136 DOI: 10.1038/srep18303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We present a two-photon microendoscope capable of in vivo label-free deep-tissue high-resolution fast imaging through a very long optical fiber. First, an advanced light-pulse spectro-temporal shaping device optimally precompensates for linear and nonlinear distortions occurring during propagation within the endoscopic fiber. This enables the delivery of sub-40-fs duration infrared excitation pulses at the output of 5 meters of fiber. Second, the endoscopic fiber is a custom-made double-clad polarization-maintaining photonic crystal fiber specifically designed to optimize the imaging resolution and the intrinsic luminescence backward collection. Third, a miniaturized fiber-scanner of 2.2 mm outer diameter allows simultaneous second harmonic generation (SHG) and two-photon excited autofluorescence (TPEF) imaging at 8 frames per second. This microendoscope’s transverse and axial resolutions amount respectively to 0.8 μm and 12 μm, with a field-of-view as large as 450 μm. This microendoscope’s unprecedented capabilities are validated during label-free imaging, ex vivo on various fixed human tissue samples, and in vivo on an anesthetized mouse kidney demonstrating an imaging penetration depth greater than 300 μm below the surface of the organ. The results reported in this manuscript confirm that nonlinear microendoscopy can become a valuable clinical tool for real-time in situ assessment of pathological states.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Marc Fabert
- XLIM, UMR-CNRS 7252, Université de Limoges, France
| | | | - Rémi Habert
- PhLAM, UMR-CNRS 8523, Université Lille I, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Flavie Braud
- PhLAM, UMR-CNRS 8523, Université Lille I, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | | | - Christine Vever-Bizet
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 06, LJP, F-75005 Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR 8237, LJP, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Geneviève Bourg-Heckly
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 06, LJP, F-75005 Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR 8237, LJP, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Luc Thiberville
- Laboratoire LITIS-QuantIF, EA 4108, Clinique Pneumologique, CHU de Rouen, France
| | - Anne Druilhe
- CRIBL, UMR-CNRS 7276, Université de Limoges, France
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20
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Maiti P, Manna J, McDonald MP. Merging advanced technologies with classical methods to uncover dendritic spine dynamics: A hot spot of synaptic plasticity. Neurosci Res 2015; 96:1-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2015.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Revised: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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21
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Chen X, Xu X, McCormick DT, Wong K, Wong ST. Multimodal nonlinear endo-microscopy probe design for high resolution, label-free intraoperative imaging. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 6. [PMID: 26203361 PMCID: PMC4505689 DOI: 10.1364/boe.6.002283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
We present a portable, multimodal, nonlinear endo-microscopy probe designed for intraoperative oncological imaging. Application of a four-wave mixing noise suppression scheme using dual wavelength wave plates (DWW) and a polarization-maintaining fiber improves tissue signal collection efficiency, allowing for miniaturization. The probe, with a small 14 mm transversal diameter, includes a customized miniaturized two-axis MEMS (micro-electromechanical system) raster scanning mirror and micro-optics with an illumination laser delivered by a polarization-maintaining fiber. The probe can potentially be integrated into the arms of a surgical robot, such as da Vinci robotic surgery system, due to its minimal cross sectional area. It has the ability to incorporate multiple imaging modalities including CARS (coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering), SHG (second harmonic generation), and TPEF (two-photon excited fluorescence) in order to allow the surgeon to locate tumor cells within the context of normal stromal tissue. The resolution of the endo-microscope is experimentally determined to be 0.78 µm, a high level of accuracy for such a compact probe setup. The expected resolution of the as-built multimodal, nonlinear, endo-microscopy probe is 1 µm based on the calculation tolerance allocation using Monte-Carlo simulation. The reported probe is intended for use in laparoscopic or radical prostatectomy, including detection of tumor margins and avoidance of nerve impairment during surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Chen
- Department of Systems Medicine and Bioengineering, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Xiaoyun Xu
- Department of Systems Medicine and Bioengineering, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | | | - Kelvin Wong
- Department of Systems Medicine and Bioengineering, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
- Department of Radiology, Houston Methodist Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Stephen T.C. Wong
- Department of Systems Medicine and Bioengineering, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
- Department of Radiology, Houston Methodist Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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22
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Improving femtosecond laser pulse delivery through a hollow core photonic crystal fiber for temporally focused two-photon endomicroscopy. Sci Rep 2014; 4:6626. [PMID: 25316120 PMCID: PMC4894416 DOI: 10.1038/srep06626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we present a strategy to improve delivery of femtosecond laser pulses from a regenerative amplifier through a hollow core photonic crystal fiber for temporally focused wide-field two-photon endomicroscopy. For endomicroscope application, wide-field two-photon excitation has the advantage of requiring no scanning in the distal end. However, wide-field two-photon excitation requires peak power that is 10(4)-10(5) times higher than the point scanning approach corresponding to femtosecond pulses with energy on the order of 1-10 μJ at the specimen plane. The transmission of these high energy pulses through a single mode fiber into the microendoscope is a significant challenge. Two approaches were pursued to partially overcome this limitation. First, a single high energy pulse is split into a train of pulses with energy below the fiber damage threshold better utilizing the available laser energy. Second, stretching the pulse width in time by introducing negative dispersion was shown to have the dual benefit of reducing fiber damage probability and compensating for the positive group velocity dispersion induced by the fiber. With these strategy applied, 11 fold increase in the two photon excitation signal has been demonstrated.
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23
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Klimas A, Entcheva E. Toward microendoscopy-inspired cardiac optogenetics in vivo: technical overview and perspective. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2014; 19:080701. [PMID: 25117076 PMCID: PMC4161000 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.19.8.080701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The ability to perform precise, spatially localized actuation and measurements of electrical activity in the heart is crucial in understanding cardiac electrophysiology and devising new therapeutic solutions for control of cardiac arrhythmias. Current cardiac imaging techniques (i.e. optical mapping) employ voltage- or calcium-sensitive fluorescent dyes to visualize the electrical signal propagation through cardiac syncytium in vitro or in situ with very high-spatiotemporal resolution. The extension of optogenetics into the cardiac field, where cardiac tissue is genetically altered to express light-sensitive ion channels allowing electrical activity to be elicited or suppressed in a precise cell-specific way, has opened the possibility for all-optical interrogation of cardiac electrophysiology. In vivo application of cardiac optogenetics faces multiple challenges and necessitates suitable optical systems employing fiber optics to actuate and sense electrical signals. In this technical perspective, we present a compendium of clinically relevant access routes to different parts of the cardiac electrical conduction system based on currently employed catheter imaging systems and determine the quantitative size constraints for endoscopic cardiac optogenetics. We discuss the relevant technical advancements in microendoscopy, cardiac imaging, and optogenetics and outline the strategies for combining them to create a portable, miniaturized fiber-based system for all-optical interrogation of cardiac electrophysiology in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Klimas
- Stony Brook University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Emilia Entcheva
- Stony Brook University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
- Stony Brook University, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
- Stony Brook University, Institute for Molecular Cardiology, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
- Address all correspondence to: Emilia Entcheva, E-mail:
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24
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Wang T, Li Q, Xiao P, Ahn J, Kim YE, Park Y, Kim M, Song M, Chung E, Chung WK, Ahn GO, Kim S, Kim P, Myung SJ, Kim KH. Gradient index lens based combined two-photon microscopy and optical coherence tomography. OPTICS EXPRESS 2014; 22:12962-70. [PMID: 24921493 DOI: 10.1364/oe.22.012962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
We report a miniaturized probe-based combined two-photon microscopy (TPM) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) system. This system is to study the colorectal cancer in mouse models by visualizing both cellular and structural information of the colon in 3D with TPM and OCT respectively. The probe consisted of gradient index (GRIN) lenses and a 90° reflecting prism at its distal end for side-viewing, and it was added onto an objective lens-based TPM and OCT system. The probe was 2.2 mm in diameter and 60 mm in length. TPM imaging was performed by raster scanning of the excitation focus at the imaging speed of 15.4 frames/s. OCT imaging was performed by combining the linear sample translation and probe rotation along its axis. This miniaturized probe based dual-modal system was characterized with tissue phantoms containing fluorescent microspheres, and applied to image mouse colonic tissues ex vivo as a demonstration. As OCT and TPM provided structural and cellular information of the tissues respectively, this probe based multi-modal imaging system can be helpful for in vivo studies of preclinical animal models such as mouse colonic tumorigenesis.
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25
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GU M, BAO H, KANG H. Fibre-optical microendoscopy. J Microsc 2014; 254:13-18. [DOI: 10.1111/jmi.12119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 02/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. GU
- Centre for Micro-Photonics; Faculty of Science; Engineering and Technology; Swinburne University of Technology; Hawthorn Victoria Australia
| | - H. BAO
- Centre for Micro-Photonics; Faculty of Science; Engineering and Technology; Swinburne University of Technology; Hawthorn Victoria Australia
| | - H. KANG
- Centre for Micro-Photonics; Faculty of Science; Engineering and Technology; Swinburne University of Technology; Hawthorn Victoria Australia
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26
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Gu M, Kang H, Li X. Breaking the diffraction-limited resolution barrier in fiber-optical two-photon fluorescence endoscopy by an azimuthally-polarized beam. Sci Rep 2014; 4:3627. [PMID: 24406685 PMCID: PMC3887375 DOI: 10.1038/srep03627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Although fiber-optical two-photon endoscopy has been recognized as a potential high-resolution diagnostic and therapeutic procedure in vivo, its resolution is limited by the optical diffraction nature to a few micrometers due to the low numerical aperture of an endoscopic objective. On the other hand, stimulated emission depletion (STED) achieved by a circularly-polarized vortex beam has been used to break the diffraction-limited resolution barrier in a bulky microscope. It has been a challenge to apply the STED principle to a fiber-optical two-photon endoscope as a circular polarization state cannot be maintained due to the birefringence of a fiber. Here, we demonstrate the first fiber-optical STED two-photon endoscope using an azimuthally-polarized beam directly generated from a double-clad fiber. As such, the diffraction-limited resolution barrier of fiber-optical two-photon endoscopy can be broken by a factor of three. Our new accomplishment has paved a robust way for high-resolution in vivo biomedical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Gu
- Centre for Micro-Photonics, Faculty of Engineering & Industrial Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
| | - Hong Kang
- Centre for Micro-Photonics, Faculty of Engineering & Industrial Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
| | - Xiangping Li
- Centre for Micro-Photonics, Faculty of Engineering & Industrial Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
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27
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Chung HY, Kuo WC, Cheng YH, Yu CH, Chia SH, Lin CY, Chen JS, Tsai HJ, Fedotov AB, Ivanov AA, Zheltikov AM, Sun CK. Blu-ray disk lens as the objective of a miniaturized two-photon fluorescence microscope. OPTICS EXPRESS 2013; 21:31604-31614. [PMID: 24514733 DOI: 10.1364/oe.21.031604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we examine the performance of a Blu-ray disk (BD) aspheric lens as the objective of a miniaturized scanning nonlinear optical microscope. By combining a single 2D micro-electro mechanical system (MEMS) mirror as the scanner and with different tube lens pairs, the field of view (FOV) of the studied microscope varies from 59 μm × 93 μm up to 178 μm × 280 μm, while the corresponding lateral resolution varies from 0.6 μm to 2 μm for two-photon fluorescence (2PF) signals. With a 34/s video frame rate, in vivo dynamic observation of zebrafish heartbeat through 2PF of the excited green fluorescence protein (GFP) is demonstrated.
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28
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Sarder P, Yazdanfar S, Akers WJ, Tang R, Sudlow GP, Egbulefu C, Achilefu S. All-near-infrared multiphoton microscopy interrogates intact tissues at deeper imaging depths than conventional single- and two-photon near-infrared excitation microscopes. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2013; 18:106012. [PMID: 24150231 PMCID: PMC3805921 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.18.10.106012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The era of molecular medicine has ushered in the development of microscopic methods that can report molecular processes in thick tissues with high spatial resolution. A commonality in deep-tissue microscopy is the use of near-infrared (NIR) lasers with single- or multiphoton excitations. However, the relationship between different NIR excitation microscopic techniques and the imaging depths in tissue has not been established. We compared such depth limits for three NIR excitation techniques: NIR single-photon confocal microscopy (NIR SPCM), NIR multiphoton excitation with visible detection (NIR/VIS MPM), and all-NIR multiphoton excitation with NIR detection (NIR/NIR MPM). Homologous cyanine dyes provided the fluorescence. Intact kidneys were harvested after administration of kidney-clearing cyanine dyes in mice. NIR SPCM and NIR/VIS MPM achieved similar maximum imaging depth of ∼100 μm. The NIR/NIR MPM enabled greater than fivefold imaging depth (>500 μm) using the harvested kidneys. Although the NIR/NIR MPM used 1550-nm excitation where water absorption is relatively high, cell viability and histology studies demonstrate that the laser did not induce photothermal damage at the low laser powers used for the kidney imaging. This study provides guidance on the imaging depth capabilities of NIR excitation-based microscopic techniques and reveals the potential to multiplex information using these platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinaki Sarder
- Washington University, Department of Radiology, 4225 Scott Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri 63108
| | - Siavash Yazdanfar
- GE Global Research, Applied Optics Lab, 1 Research Circle, Niskayuna, New York 12309
| | - Walter J. Akers
- Washington University, Department of Radiology, 4225 Scott Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri 63108
| | - Rui Tang
- Washington University, Department of Radiology, 4225 Scott Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri 63108
| | - Gail P. Sudlow
- Washington University, Department of Radiology, 4225 Scott Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri 63108
| | - Christopher Egbulefu
- Washington University, Department of Radiology, 4225 Scott Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri 63108
| | - Samuel Achilefu
- Washington University, Department of Radiology, 4225 Scott Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri 63108
- Washington University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 4225 Scott Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri 63108
- Washington University, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biophysics, 4225 Scott Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri 63108
- Address all correspondence to: Samuel Achilefu, Washington University, Department of Radiology, 4225 Scott Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri 63108. Tel: +314-362-8599; Fax: +314-747-5191; E-mail:
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29
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Mittal R, Balu M, Wilder-Smith P, Potma EO. Achromatic miniature lens system for coherent Raman scattering microscopy. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2013; 4:2196-2206. [PMID: 24156075 PMCID: PMC3799677 DOI: 10.1364/boe.4.002196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Revised: 08/03/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We discuss the design and performance of a miniature objective lens optimized for coherent Raman scattering microscopy. The packaged lens assembly has a numerical aperture of 0.51 in water and an outer diameter of 8 mm. The lens system exhibits minimum chromatic aberrations, and produces coherent Raman scattering images with sub-micrometer lateral resolution (0.648 μm) using near-infrared excitation pulses. We demonstrate that despite the small dimensions of the miniature objective, the performance of this lens system is comparable to standard microscope objective lenses, offering opportunities for miniaturizing coherent Raman scattering imaging probes without sacrificing the image quality.
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30
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Andresen ER, Bouwmans G, Monneret S, Rigneault H. Two-photon lensless endoscope. OPTICS EXPRESS 2013; 21:20713-21. [PMID: 24103944 DOI: 10.1364/oe.21.020713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
We report a first demonstration of two-photon endoscopic imaging with a lensless endoscope. The endoscope probe is a double-clad bundle of single-mode fibers; point excitation and scanning is achieved by coherent combining of femtosecond light pulses propagating in the single-mode fibers; and back-scattered two-photon signal is collected through the multi-mode inner cladding. We demonstrate the two-photon endoscope on a test sample of rhodamine 6G crystals.
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31
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Ouzounov DG, Rivera DR, Webb WW, Bentley J, Xu C. Miniature varifocal objective lens for endomicroscopy. OPTICS LETTERS 2013; 38:3103-3106. [PMID: 24104660 DOI: 10.1364/ol.38.003103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A miniature catadioptric lens for endoscopic imaging based on the principle of wavelength division multiplexing is presented. We demonstrate change of the magnification and the field of view (FOV) of the lens without any mechanical adjustment of the optical elements. The lens provides magnifications of ~-1.5× at 406-750 nm and ~-0.2× at 800 nm. The lens is used to demonstrate large-FOV (1.3 mm) reflectance imaging and high-resolution (0.57 μm) multiphoton fluorescence imaging of unstained mouse tissues.
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32
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Ouzounov DG, Rivera DR, Williams WO, Stupinski JA, Southard TL, Hume KH, Bentley J, Weiss RS, Webb WW, Xu C. Dual modality endomicroscope with optical zoom capability. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2013; 4:1494-503. [PMID: 24049671 PMCID: PMC3771821 DOI: 10.1364/boe.4.001494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/21/2013] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We present a miniature endomicroscope that combines large field-of-view (FOV) (1.15 mm) reflectance imaging with high-resolution (~0.5 μm) multiphoton intrinsic fluorescence imaging. We acquired in vivo and ex vivo images of unstained normal and tumor-laden tissues by using the large-FOV mode to navigate to the site of interest and then switching to the high-resolution modality to resolve cellular details.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitre G. Ouzounov
- Schol of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - David R. Rivera
- Schol of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Wendy O. Williams
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - John A. Stupinski
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Teresa L. Southard
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- Section of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Kelly H. Hume
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853 USA
| | - Julie Bentley
- The Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY USA
| | - Robert S. Weiss
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Watt W. Webb
- Schol of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Chris Xu
- Schol of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
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33
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Smith B, Naji M, Murugkar S, Alarcon E, Brideau C, Stys P, Anis H. Portable, miniaturized, fibre delivered, multimodal CARS exoscope. OPTICS EXPRESS 2013; 21:17161-75. [PMID: 23938563 DOI: 10.1364/oe.21.017161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate for the first time, a portable multimodal coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering microscope (exoscope) for minimally invasive in-vivo imaging of tissues. This device is based around a micro-electromechanical system scanning mirror and miniaturized optics with light delivery accomplished by a photonic crystal fibre. A single Ti:sapphire femtosecond pulsed laser is used as the light source to produce CARS, two photon excitation fluorescence and second harmonic generation images. The high resolution and distortion-free images obtained from various resolution and bio-samples, particularly in backward direction (epi) successfully demonstrate proof of concept, and pave the path towards future non or minimally-invasive in vivo imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett Smith
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Ottawa, 800 King Edward, PO Box450 Stn A, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada.
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34
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Dhawan AP, D'Alessandro B, Fu X. Optical imaging modalities for biomedical applications. IEEE Rev Biomed Eng 2012; 3:69-92. [PMID: 22275202 DOI: 10.1109/rbme.2010.2081975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Optical photographic imaging is a well known imaging method that has been successfully translated into biomedical applications such as microscopy and endoscopy. Although several advanced medical imaging modalities are used today to acquire anatomical, physiological, metabolic, and functional information from the human body, optical imaging modalities including optical coherence tomography, confocal microscopy, multiphoton microscopy, multispectral endoscopy, and diffuse reflectance imaging have recently emerged with significant potential for non-invasive, portable, and cost-effective imaging for biomedical applications spanning tissue, cellular, and molecular levels. This paper reviews methods for modeling the propagation of light photons in a biological medium, as well as optical imaging from organ to cellular levels using visible and near-infrared wavelengths for biomedical and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atam P Dhawan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA.
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35
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A compact fiber-optic SHG scanning endomicroscope and its application to visualize cervical remodeling during pregnancy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012; 109:12878-83. [PMID: 22826263 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1121495109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the development of an all-fiber-optic scanning endomicroscope capable of high-resolution second harmonic generation (SHG) imaging of biological tissues and demonstrate its utility for monitoring the remodeling of cervical collagen during gestation in mice. The endomicroscope has an overall 2.0 mm diameter and consists of a single customized double-clad fiber, a compact rapid two-dimensional beam scanner, and a miniature compound objective lens for excitation beam delivery, scanning, focusing, and efficient SHG signal collection. Endomicroscopic SHG images of murine cervical tissue sections at different stages of normal pregnancy reveal progressive, quantifiable changes in cervical collagen morphology with resolution similar to that of bench-top SHG microscopy. SHG endomicroscopic imaging of ex vivo murine and human cervical tissues through intact epithelium has also been performed. Our findings demonstrate the feasibility of SHG endomicroscopy technology for staging normal pregnancy, and suggest its potential application as a minimally invasive tool for clinical assessment of abnormal cervical remodeling associated with preterm birth.
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36
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Saunter CD, Semprini S, Buckley C, Mullins J, Girkin JM. Micro-endoscope for in vivo widefield high spatial resolution fluorescent imaging. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2012; 3:1274-8. [PMID: 22741074 PMCID: PMC3370968 DOI: 10.1364/boe.3.001274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2012] [Revised: 04/27/2012] [Accepted: 04/30/2012] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In this paper we report the design, testing and use of a scannerless probe specifically for minimally invasive imaging of deep tissue in vivo with an epi-fluorescence modality. The probe images a 500 μm diameter field of view through a 710 μm outer diameter probe with a maximum tissue penetration depth of 15 mm specifically configured for eGFP imaging. Example results are given from imaging the pituitary gland of rats and zebrafish hearts with lateral resolution of 2.5 μm.
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Affiliation(s)
- C D Saunter
- Department of Physics, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - S. Semprini
- Molecular Physiology, University of Edinburgh/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - C. Buckley
- Department of Physics, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
- Molecular Physiology, University of Edinburgh/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - J Mullins
- Molecular Physiology, University of Edinburgh/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - J M Girkin
- Department of Physics, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
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37
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Peyrot DA, Lefort C, Steffenhagen M, Mansuryan T, Ducourthial G, Abi-Haidar D, Sandeau N, Vever-Bizet C, Kruglik SG, Thiberville L, Louradour F, Bourg-Heckly G. Development of a nonlinear fiber-optic spectrometer for human lung tissue exploration. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2012; 3:840-53. [PMID: 22567579 PMCID: PMC3342191 DOI: 10.1364/boe.3.000840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2012] [Revised: 03/23/2012] [Accepted: 03/23/2012] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Several major lung pathologies are characterized by early modifications of the extracellular matrix (ECM) fibrillar collagen and elastin network. We report here the development of a nonlinear fiber-optic spectrometer, compatible with an endoscopic use, primarily intended for the recording of second-harmonic generation (SHG) signal of collagen and two-photon excited fluorescence (2PEF) of both collagen and elastin. Fiber dispersion is accurately compensated by the use of a specific grism-pair stretcher, allowing laser pulse temporal width around 70 fs and excitation wavelength tunability from 790 to 900 nm. This spectrometer was used to investigate the excitation wavelength dependence (from 800 to 870 nm) of SHG and 2PEF spectra originating from ex vivo human lung tissue samples. The results were compared with spectral responses of collagen gel and elastin powder reference samples and also with data obtained using standard nonlinear microspectroscopy. The excitation-wavelength-tunable nonlinear fiber-optic spectrometer presented in this study allows performing nonlinear spectroscopy of human lung tissue ECM through the elastin 2PEF and the collagen SHG signals. This work opens the way to tunable excitation nonlinear endomicroscopy based on both distal scanning of a single optical fiber and proximal scanning of a fiber-optic bundle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald A. Peyrot
- UPMC Univ. Paris 06, FRE 3231, Laboratoire Jean Perrin, F-75005, Paris, France
- CNRS, FRE 3231, Laboratoire Jean Perrin, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Claire Lefort
- Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Univ. Limoges, F-87060 Limoges, France
- XLIM, UMR CNRS 6172, F-87060 Limoges, France
| | - Marie Steffenhagen
- UPMC Univ. Paris 06, FRE 3231, Laboratoire Jean Perrin, F-75005, Paris, France
- CNRS, FRE 3231, Laboratoire Jean Perrin, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Tigran Mansuryan
- Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Univ. Limoges, F-87060 Limoges, France
- XLIM, UMR CNRS 6172, F-87060 Limoges, France
| | - Guillaume Ducourthial
- Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Univ. Limoges, F-87060 Limoges, France
- XLIM, UMR CNRS 6172, F-87060 Limoges, France
| | - Darine Abi-Haidar
- UPMC Univ. Paris 06, FRE 3231, Laboratoire Jean Perrin, F-75005, Paris, France
- CNRS, FRE 3231, Laboratoire Jean Perrin, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Sandeau
- UPMC Univ. Paris 06, FRE 3231, Laboratoire Jean Perrin, F-75005, Paris, France
- CNRS, FRE 3231, Laboratoire Jean Perrin, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Christine Vever-Bizet
- UPMC Univ. Paris 06, FRE 3231, Laboratoire Jean Perrin, F-75005, Paris, France
- CNRS, FRE 3231, Laboratoire Jean Perrin, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Sergei G. Kruglik
- UPMC Univ. Paris 06, FRE 3231, Laboratoire Jean Perrin, F-75005, Paris, France
- CNRS, FRE 3231, Laboratoire Jean Perrin, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Luc Thiberville
- Clinique de pneumologie, CHU Rouen, F-76000 Rouen, France
- Laboratoire LITIS-QuantIF EA 4108, Rouen Univ., F-76000 Rouen, France
| | - Frédéric Louradour
- Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Univ. Limoges, F-87060 Limoges, France
- XLIM, UMR CNRS 6172, F-87060 Limoges, France
| | - Geneviève Bourg-Heckly
- UPMC Univ. Paris 06, FRE 3231, Laboratoire Jean Perrin, F-75005, Paris, France
- CNRS, FRE 3231, Laboratoire Jean Perrin, F-75005, Paris, France
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Rivera DR, Brown CM, Ouzounov DG, Webb WW, Xu C. Multifocal multiphoton endoscope. OPTICS LETTERS 2012; 37:1349-51. [PMID: 22513682 DOI: 10.1364/ol.37.001349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
We report a miniaturized resonant/non-resonant multi-fiber raster scanner that is paired with a gradient-index lens assembly to achieve a compact and flexible multifocal multiphoton endoscope capable of longitudinal parallel image acquisition. Multiphoton images are obtained simultaneously at three axial depths, separated by ≥4.8 μm, by incorporating three axially offset double clad optical fibers into the miniaturized scanner. The fabricated endoscope has an outer diameter of 3 mm, a rigid length of 4 cm, and acquires images at 4 frames/s per focal plane, with lateral and axial resolutions for two-photon imaging of 0.8 and 10 μm, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Rivera
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA.
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Brown CM, Rivera DR, Pavlova I, Ouzounov DG, Williams WO, Mohanan S, Webb WW, Xu C. In vivo imaging of unstained tissues using a compact and flexible multiphoton microendoscope. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2012; 17:040505. [PMID: 22559671 PMCID: PMC3382343 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.17.4.040505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2012] [Revised: 02/28/2012] [Accepted: 03/01/2012] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
We use a compact and flexible multiphoton microendoscope (MPME) to acquire in vivo images of unstained liver, kidney, and colon from an anesthetized rat. The device delivers femtosecond pulsed 800 nm light from the core of a raster-scanned dual-clad fiber (DCF), which is focused by a miniaturized gradient-index lens assembly into tissue. Intrinsic fluorescence and second-harmonic generation signal from the tissue is epi-collected through the core and inner clad of the same DCF. The MPME has a rigid distal tip of 3 mm in outer diameter and 4 cm in length. The image field-of-view measures 115 μm by 115 μm and was acquired at 4.1 frames/s with 75 mW illumination power at the sample. Organs were imaged after anesthetizing Sprague-Dawley rats with isofluorane gas, accessing tissues via a ventral-midline abdominal incision, and isolating the organs with tongue depressors. In vivo multiphoton images acquired from liver, kidney, and colon using this device show features similar to that of conventional histology slides, without motion artifact, in ~75% of imaged frames. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of multiphoton imaging of unstained tissue from a live subject using a compact and flexible MPME device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M. Brown
- Cornell University, School of Applied and Engineering Physics, 271 Clark Hall, Ithaca, New York 14853-2501
- Address all correspondence to: Christopher M. Brown, Cornell University, School of Applied and Engineering Physics, 271 Clark Hall, Ithaca, New York 14853-2501; Tel: (607)255-8034; E-mail:
| | - David R. Rivera
- Cornell University, School of Applied and Engineering Physics, 271 Clark Hall, Ithaca, New York 14853-2501
| | - Ina Pavlova
- Rice University, Department of Bioengineering, 6500 Main Street Suite 135, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Dimitre G. Ouzounov
- Cornell University, School of Applied and Engineering Physics, 271 Clark Hall, Ithaca, New York 14853-2501
| | - Wendy O. Williams
- Cornell University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, New York 14853-6401
| | - Sunish Mohanan
- Cornell University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, New York 14853-6401
| | - Watt W. Webb
- Cornell University, School of Applied and Engineering Physics, 271 Clark Hall, Ithaca, New York 14853-2501
| | - Chris Xu
- Cornell University, School of Applied and Engineering Physics, 271 Clark Hall, Ithaca, New York 14853-2501
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Safdarian N, Liu Z, Zhou X, Appelman H, Nostrant TT, Wang TD, Wang ET. Quantifying human eosinophils using three-dimensional volumetric images collected with multiphoton fluorescence microscopy. Gastroenterology 2012; 142:15-20.e1. [PMID: 22100819 PMCID: PMC3244565 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2011.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nastaran Safdarian
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Zhongyao Liu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Xiaoming Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Henry Appelman
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109
| | | | - Thomas D. Wang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Ann Arbor, MI 48109,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Emily T. Wang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
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Berezin MY, Zhan C, Lee H, Joo C, Akers WJ, Yazdanfar S, Achilefu S. Two-photon optical properties of near-infrared dyes at 1.55 μm excitation. J Phys Chem B 2011; 115:11530-5. [PMID: 21866928 PMCID: PMC3233988 DOI: 10.1021/jp207618e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Two-photon (2P) optical properties of cyanine dyes were evaluated using a 2P fluorescence spectrophotometer with 1.55 μm excitation. We report the 2P characteristics of common NIR polymethine dyes, including their 2P action cross sections and the 2P excited fluorescence lifetime. One of the dyes, DTTC, showed the highest 2P action cross-section (∼103 ± 19 GM) and relatively high 2P excited fluorescence lifetime and can be used as a scaffold for the synthesis of 2P molecular imaging probes. The 2P action cross-section of DTTC and the lifetime were also highly sensitive to the solvent polarity, providing other additional parameters for its use in optical imaging and the mechanism for probing environmental factors. Overall, this study demonstrated the quantitative measurement of 2P properties of NIR dyes and established the foundation for designing molecular probes for 2P imaging applications in the NIR region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Y Berezin
- Department of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.
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42
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Tao W, Bao H, Gu M. Enhanced two-channel nonlinear imaging by a highly polarized supercontinuum light source generated from a nonlinear photonic crystal fiber with two zero-dispersion wavelengths. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2011; 16:056010. [PMID: 21639578 DOI: 10.1117/1.3580279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Real-time monitoring the variation of chlorophyll distributions and cellular structures in leaves during plant growth provides important information for understanding the physiological statuses of plants. Two-photon-excited autofluorescence imaging and second harmonic generation imaging of leaves can be used for monitoring the nature intrinsic fluorophores distribution and cellular structures of leaves by the use of the near-infrared region of light which has minimal light absorption by endogenous molecules and thus increases tissue penetration. However, the two-photon absorption peak of intrinsic fluorophores of a ficus benjamina leaf is 50 nm away from the second harmonic generation excitation wavelength, which cannot be effectively excited by a femtosecond laser beam with one central wavelength. This paper shows that a highly polarized supercontinuum light generated from a birefringent nonlinear photonic crystal fiber with two zero-dispersion wavelengths can effectively excite two-photon autofluorescence as well as second harmonic generation signals for simultaneously monitoring intrinsic fluorophore distributions and non-centrosymmetric structures of leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Tao
- Swinburne University of Technology, Centre for Micro-Photonics, Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Sciences, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
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Safdarian N, Liu Z, Wang TD, Wang ET. Identification of nasal eosinophils using two-photon excited fluorescence. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2011; 106:394-400. [PMID: 21530871 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2010.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2010] [Revised: 12/19/2010] [Accepted: 12/29/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eosinophils trigger symptoms in allergic rhinitis. New diagnostic methods for identifying nasal eosinophils based on autofluorescence of flavin adenine dinucleotide in eosinophil granules could offer rapid monitoring without fixation or staining. Two-photon excitation is a powerful method for detecting this intrinsic fluorescence. OBJECTIVES To demonstrate the use of 2-photon excited fluorescence (TPEF) to detect eosinophils from nasal mucosa in a proof-of-concept study for a future miniature in vivo imaging instrument. METHODS Thirty subjects with rhinitis were recruited. Results of our standard environmental panel were recorded. Fluorescence images were collected from nasal cytology smears with a 2-photon microscope. Cells were evaluated for intensity and size, and compared with Hansel stains. Correlation of cell count was made by linear regression, diagnostic performance was evaluated at various intensity thresholds, and correlation of nasal eosinophil count to allergic status was done through the Wilcoxon rank-sum test. RESULTS The fluorescence intensity of eosinophils compared with epithelial cells was 13.8 ± 4.3 versus 3.7 ± 1.8 (P < .01), and the size was 27.0 ± 10.2 versus 392.0 ± 214.6 μm2 (P < .01), respectively. Using both fluorescence intensity and size, a total accuracy of 100% is achieved. Eosinophil count on TPEF correlates with Hansel stain, R(2) = 0.91. Nasal eosinophil count correlates with allergic status on both TPEF (P = .008) and Hansel stain images (P = .027). CONCLUSIONS TPEF is a promising novel technique for identifying and quantifying nasal eosinophils on nasal cytology specimens without the need for fixation or staining. Future development of a rhinoscope-compatible 2-photon microscope could be used as a clinical adjunct for the diagnosis and management of rhinitis patients in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nastaran Safdarian
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Amornphimoltham P, Masedunskas A, Weigert R. Intravital microscopy as a tool to study drug delivery in preclinical studies. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2011; 63:119-28. [PMID: 20933026 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2010.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2010] [Revised: 09/15/2010] [Accepted: 09/21/2010] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The technical developments in the field of non-linear microscopy have made intravital microscopy one of the most successful techniques for studying physiological and pathological processes in live animals. Intravital microscopy has been utilized to address many biological questions in basic research and is now a fundamental tool for preclinical studies, with an enormous potential for clinical applications. The ability to dynamically image cellular and subcellular structures combined with the possibility to perform longitudinal studies have empowered investigators to use this discipline to study the mechanisms of action of therapeutic agents and assess the efficacy on their targets in vivo. The goal of this review is to provide a general overview of the recent advances in intravital microscopy and to discuss some of its applications in preclinical studies.
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Murugkar S, Smith B, Srivastava P, Moica A, Naji M, Brideau C, Stys PK, Anis H. Miniaturized multimodal CARS microscope based on MEMS scanning and a single laser source. OPTICS EXPRESS 2010; 18:23796-804. [PMID: 21164724 DOI: 10.1364/oe.18.023796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a novel miniaturized multimodal coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscope based on microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) scanning mirrors and custom miniature optics. A single Ti:sapphire femtosecond pulsed laser is used as the light source to produce the CARS, two photon excitation fluorescence (TPEF) and second harmonic generation (SHG) images using this miniaturized microscope. The high resolution and distortion-free images obtained from various samples such as a USAF target, fluorescent and polystyrene microspheres and biological tissue successfully demonstrate proof of concept, and pave the path towards future integration of parts into a handheld multimodal CARS probe for non- or minimally-invasive in vivo imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangeeta Murugkar
- School of Information Technology and Engineering (SITE), University of Ottawa 800 King Edward, P.O. Box 450, Stn A, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada.
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In vivo simultaneous intra- and extracellular potassium recordings using a micro-optrode. J Neurosci Methods 2010; 194:206-17. [PMID: 20951737 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2010.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2010] [Revised: 09/28/2010] [Accepted: 10/07/2010] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
This technique proposes a new approach to correlate intra- and extracellular variations of the ionic concentrations in vivo by means of tapered optical waveguides coupled to standard electrophysiological electrodes to monitor in vivo simultaneously the intracellular and extracellular K(+) concentration as well as the neighboring field potential. The optical fibers were tapered to a final diameter of approximately 10 μm and were used to guide the excitation light deep into the tissue and to collect the fluorescence emanating from the intracellular milieu. This fiber was coupled to a double barrel ion-sensitive electrode forming a micro-optrode with a final diameter around 15 μm. The method was successfully used to record the intracellular K(+) evolution with the fluorescent indicator PBFI during three states: normal sleep-like patterns, paroxysmal seizures, and coma. While we could not disclose any phasic fluctuations of the intracellular K(+) during normal sleep patterns, they were clearly present during seizures and coma. In the majority of cases (58%), paroxysmal discharges were associated with positive variations of the intracellular fluorescence of 62±5% corresponding to extracellular K(+) increases of 2.04±0.4 mM. In the remaining cases (42%) intracellular K(+) dropped by 44.4±12% for an extracellular K(+) increase of 2.62±0.47 mM. We suggest that this differential behavior might reflect different cellular populations (glia vs. neurons, respectively). Comatose states were accompanied by an extracellular drop of K(+) of 1.31±0.13 mM, which was reflected, in all cases, by an intracellular K(+) increase of 39±4%.
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47
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Gu M, Bao HC, Li JL. Cancer-cell microsurgery using nonlinear optical endomicroscopy. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2010; 15:050502. [PMID: 21054074 DOI: 10.1117/1.3502566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Near-infrared laser-based microsurgery is promising for noninvasive cancer treatment. To make it a safe technique, a therapeutic process should be controllable and energy efficient, which requires the cancer cells to be identifiable and observable. In this work, for the first time we use a miniaturized nonlinear optical endomicroscope to achieve microtreatment of cancer cells labeled with gold nanorods. Due to the high two-photon-excited photoluminescence of gold nanorods, HeLa cells inside a tissue phantom up to 250 μm deep can be imaged by the nonlinear optical endomicroscope. This facilitates microsurgery of selected cancer cells by inducing instant damage through the necrosis process, or by stopping cell proliferation through the apoptosis process. The results indicate that a combination of nonlinear endomicroscopy with gold nanoparticles is potentially viable for minimally invasive cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Gu
- Swinburne University of Technology, Centre for Micro-Photonics, Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Sciences, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia.
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Strategies for high-resolution imaging of epithelial ovarian cancer by laparoscopic nonlinear microscopy. Transl Oncol 2010; 3:181-94. [PMID: 20563260 DOI: 10.1593/tlo.09310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2009] [Revised: 12/22/2009] [Accepted: 12/29/2009] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer remains the most frequently lethal of the gynecologic cancers owing to the late detection of this disease. Here, by using human specimens and three mouse models of ovarian cancer, we tested the feasibility of nonlinear imaging approaches, the multiphoton microscopy (MPM) and second harmonic generation (SHG) to serve as complementary tools for ovarian cancer diagnosis. We demonstrate that MPM/SHG of intrinsic tissue emissions allows visualization of unfixed, unsectioned, and unstained tissues at a resolution comparable to that of routinely processed histologic sections. In addition to permitting discrimination between normal and neoplastic tissues according to pathological criteria, the method facilitates morphometric assessment of specimens and detection of very early cellular changes in the ovarian surface epithelium. A red shift in cellular intrinsic fluorescence and collagen structural alterations have been identified as additional cancer-associated changes that are indiscernible by conventional pathologic techniques. Importantly, the feasibility of in vivo laparoscopic MPM/SHG is demonstrated by using a "stick" objective lens. Intravital detection of neoplastic lesions has been further facilitated by low-magnification identification of an indicator for cathepsin activity followed by MPM laparoscopic imaging. Taken together, these results demonstrate that MPM may be translatable to clinical settings as an endoscopic approach suitable for high-resolution optical biopsies as well as a pathology tool for rapid initial assessment of ovarian cancer samples.
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Bao H, Ryu SY, Lee BH, Tao W, Gu M. Nonlinear endomicroscopy using a double-clad fiber coupler. OPTICS LETTERS 2010; 35:995-7. [PMID: 20364195 DOI: 10.1364/ol.35.000995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
A double-clad fiber coupler is developed to be used in two-photon-excited fluorescence endomicroscopy to replace a dichroic mirror and separate the fluorescence signal from the excitation laser beam. With the double-clad fiber coupler, the endomicroscope becomes more compact, easier to be aligned, and more stable in alignment. The double-clad fiber coupler can transmit 62% of the excitation laser beam through the core. The fluorescence collection efficiency of the double-clad fiber coupler is 34%, which is, to the best of our knowledge, the highest fluorescence collection efficiency achieved by couplers used in two-photon-excited fluorescence endomicroscopes. As a result, the contrast of endomicroscopy imaging is enhanced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongchun Bao
- Centre for Micro-Photonics, Faculty of Engineering & Industrial Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
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Akins ML, Luby-Phelps K, Mahendroo M. Second harmonic generation imaging as a potential tool for staging pregnancy and predicting preterm birth. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2010; 15:026020. [PMID: 20459265 PMCID: PMC2874049 DOI: 10.1117/1.3381184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
We use second harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy to assess changes in collagen structure of murine cervix during cervical remodeling of normal pregnancy and in a preterm birth model. Visual inspection of SHG images revealed substantial changes in collagen morphology throughout normal gestation. SHG images collected in both the forward and backward directions were analyzed quantitatively for changes in overall mean intensity, forward to backward intensity ratio, collagen fiber size, and porosity. Changes in mean SHG intensity and intensity ratio take place in early pregnancy, suggesting that submicroscopic changes in collagen fibril size and arrangement occur before macroscopic changes become evident. Fiber size progressively increased from early to late pregnancy, while pores between collagen fibers became larger and farther apart. Analysis of collagen features in premature cervical remodeling show that changes in collagen structure are dissimilar from normal remodeling. The ability to quantify multiple morphological features of collagen that characterize normal cervical remodeling and distinguish abnormal remodeling in preterm birth models supports future studies aimed at development of SHG endoscopic devices for clinical assessment of collagen changes during pregnancy in women and for predicting risk of preterm labor which occurs in 12.5% of all pregnancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith L Akins
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
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