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Milrad Y, Mosebach L, Buchert F. Regulation of Microalgal Photosynthetic Electron Transfer. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:2103. [PMID: 39124221 PMCID: PMC11314055 DOI: 10.3390/plants13152103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
The global ecosystem relies on the metabolism of photosynthetic organisms, featuring the ability to harness light as an energy source. The most successful type of photosynthesis utilizes a virtually inexhaustible electron pool from water, but the driver of this oxidation, sunlight, varies on time and intensity scales of several orders of magnitude. Such rapid and steep changes in energy availability are potentially devastating for biological systems. To enable a safe and efficient light-harnessing process, photosynthetic organisms tune their light capturing, the redox connections between core complexes and auxiliary electron mediators, ion passages across the membrane, and functional coupling of energy transducing organelles. Here, microalgal species are the most diverse group, featuring both unique environmental adjustment strategies and ubiquitous protective mechanisms. In this review, we explore a selection of regulatory processes of the microalgal photosynthetic apparatus supporting smooth electron flow in variable environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuval Milrad
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Schlossplatz 8, 48143 Münster, Germany
| | - Laura Mosebach
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Schlossplatz 8, 48143 Münster, Germany
| | - Felix Buchert
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Schlossplatz 8, 48143 Münster, Germany
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2
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Deore P, Tsang Min Ching SJ, Nitschke MR, Rudd D, Brumley DR, Hinde E, Blackall LL, van Oppen MJH. Unique photosynthetic strategies employed by closely related Breviolum minutum strains under rapid short-term cumulative heat stress. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:4005-4023. [PMID: 38636949 PMCID: PMC11233414 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erae170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
The thermal tolerance of symbiodiniacean photo-endosymbionts largely underpins the thermal bleaching resilience of their cnidarian hosts such as corals and the coral model Exaiptasia diaphana. While variation in thermal tolerance between species is well documented, variation between conspecific strains is understudied. We compared the thermal tolerance of three closely related strains of Breviolum minutum represented by two internal transcribed spacer region 2 profiles (one strain B1-B1o-B1g-B1p and the other two strains B1-B1a-B1b-B1g) and differences in photochemical and non-photochemical quenching, de-epoxidation state of photopigments, and accumulation of reactive oxygen species under rapid short-term cumulative temperature stress (26-40 °C). We found that B. minutum strains employ distinct photoprotective strategies, resulting in different upper thermal tolerances. We provide evidence for previously unknown interdependencies between thermal tolerance traits and photoprotective mechanisms that include a delicate balancing of excitation energy and its dissipation through fast relaxing and state transition components of non-photochemical quenching. The more thermally tolerant B. minutum strain (B1-B1o-B1g-B1p) exhibited an enhanced de-epoxidation that is strongly linked to the thylakoid membrane melting point and possibly membrane rigidification minimizing oxidative damage. This study provides an in-depth understanding of photoprotective mechanisms underpinning thermal tolerance in closely related strains of B. minutum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranali Deore
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Matthew R Nitschke
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville 4810, Queensland, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6102, New Zealand
| | - David Rudd
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Douglas R Brumley
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Hinde
- School of Physics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Victoria, Australia
| | - Linda L Blackall
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Victoria, Australia
| | - Madeleine J H van Oppen
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville 4810, Queensland, Australia
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3
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Hemker F, Ammelburger N, Jahns P. Intervening dark periods negatively affect the photosynthetic performance of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii during growth under fluctuating high light. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024. [PMID: 38946377 DOI: 10.1111/pce.15020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
The acclimation of the green algae Chlamydomoas reinhardtii to high light (HL) has been studied predominantly under continuous illumination of the cells. Here, we investigated the impact of fluctuating HL in alternation with either low light (LL) or darkness on photosynthetic performance and on photoprotective responses. Compared to intervening LL phases, dark phases led to (1) more pronounced reduction of the photosystem II quantum efficiency, (2) reduced degradation of the PsbS protein, (3) lower energy dissipation capacity and (4) an increased pool size of the xanthophyll cycle pigments. These characteristics indicate increased photo-oxidative stress when HL periods are interrupted by dark phases instead of LL phases. This overall trend was similar when comparing long (8 h) and short (30 min) HL phases being interrupted by long (16 h) and short (60 min) phases of dark or low light, respectively. Only the degradation of PsbS was clearly more efficient during long (16 h) LL phases when compared to short (60 min) LL phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fritz Hemker
- Photosynthesis and Stress Physiology of Plants, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Nicolas Ammelburger
- Photosynthesis and Stress Physiology of Plants, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Peter Jahns
- Photosynthesis and Stress Physiology of Plants, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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4
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Madireddi SK, Yadav RM, Zamal MY, Bag P, Gunasekaran JX, Subramanyam R. Exploring LHCSR3 expression and its role in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii under osmotic stress: Implications for non-photochemical quenching mechanism. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2024; 256:112941. [PMID: 38763078 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2024.112941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Plants have a protective mechanism called non-photochemical quenching to prevent damage caused by excessive sunlight. A critical component of this mechanism is energy-dependent quenching (qE). In Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, the protein expression called light-harvesting complex stress-related protein 3 (LHCSR3) is crucial for the qE mechanism. LHCSR3 expression is observed in various conditions that result in photooxidation, such as exposure to high light or nutrient deprivation, where the amount of captured light surpasses the maximum photosynthetic capacity. Although the role of LHCSR3 has been extensively studied under high light (HL) conditions, its function during nutrient starvation remains unclear. In this study, we demonstrate that LHCSR3 expression can occur under light intensities below saturation without triggering qE, particularly when nutrients are limited. To investigate this, we cultivated C. reinhardtii cells under osmotic stress, which replicates conditions of nutrient scarcity. Furthermore, we examined the photosynthetic membrane complexes of wild-type (WT) and npq4 mutant strains grown under osmotic stress. Our analysis revealed that LHCSR3 expression might modify the interaction between the photosystem II core and its peripheral light-harvesting complex II antennae. This alteration could potentially impede the transfer of excitation energy from the antenna to the reaction center.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Kiran Madireddi
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Ranay Mohan Yadav
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Mohammad Yusuf Zamal
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Pushan Bag
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Jerome Xavier Gunasekaran
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Rajagopal Subramanyam
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India.
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5
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Iwai M, Patel-Tupper D, Niyogi KK. Structural Diversity in Eukaryotic Photosynthetic Light Harvesting. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 75:119-152. [PMID: 38360524 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-070623-015519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Photosynthesis has been using energy from sunlight to assimilate atmospheric CO2 for at least 3.5 billion years. Through evolution and natural selection, photosynthetic organisms have flourished in almost all aquatic and terrestrial environments. This is partly due to the diversity of light-harvesting complex (LHC) proteins, which facilitate photosystem assembly, efficient excitation energy transfer, and photoprotection. Structural advances have provided angstrom-level structures of many of these proteins and have expanded our understanding of the pigments, lipids, and residues that drive LHC function. In this review, we compare and contrast recently observed cryo-electron microscopy structures across photosynthetic eukaryotes to identify structural motifs that underlie various light-harvesting strategies. We discuss subtle monomer changes that result in macroscale reorganization of LHC oligomers. Additionally, we find recurring patterns across diverse LHCs that may serve as evolutionary stepping stones for functional diversification. Advancing our understanding of LHC protein-environment interactions will improve our capacity to engineer more productive crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masakazu Iwai
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA;
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Dhruv Patel-Tupper
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Krishna K Niyogi
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA;
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
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6
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Mosebach L, Ozawa SI, Younas M, Xue H, Scholz M, Takahashi Y, Hippler M. Chemical Protein Crosslinking-Coupled Mass Spectrometry Reveals Interaction of LHCI with LHCII and LHCSR3 in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1632. [PMID: 38931064 PMCID: PMC11207971 DOI: 10.3390/plants13121632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
The photosystem I (PSI) of the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii associates with 10 light-harvesting proteins (LHCIs) to form the PSI-LHCI complex. In the context of state transitions, two LHCII trimers bind to the PSAL, PSAH and PSAO side of PSI to produce the PSI-LHCI-LHCII complex. In this work, we took advantage of chemical crosslinking of proteins in conjunction with mass spectrometry to identify protein-protein interactions between the light-harvesting proteins of PSI and PSII. We detected crosslinks suggesting the binding of LHCBM proteins to the LHCA1-PSAG side of PSI as well as protein-protein interactions of LHCSR3 with LHCA5 and LHCA3. Our data indicate that the binding of LHCII to PSI is more versatile than anticipated and imply that LHCSR3 might be involved in the regulation of excitation energy transfer to the PSI core via LHCA5/LHCA3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Mosebach
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Schlossplatz 8, 48143 Münster, Germany; (L.M.); (M.Y.); (M.S.)
| | - Shin-Ichiro Ozawa
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki 710-0046, Japan;
| | - Muhammad Younas
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Schlossplatz 8, 48143 Münster, Germany; (L.M.); (M.Y.); (M.S.)
| | - Huidan Xue
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Schlossplatz 8, 48143 Münster, Germany; (L.M.); (M.Y.); (M.S.)
| | - Martin Scholz
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Schlossplatz 8, 48143 Münster, Germany; (L.M.); (M.Y.); (M.S.)
| | - Yuichiro Takahashi
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan;
| | - Michael Hippler
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Schlossplatz 8, 48143 Münster, Germany; (L.M.); (M.Y.); (M.S.)
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki 710-0046, Japan;
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7
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Zheng M, Pang X, Chen M, Tian L. Ultrafast energy quenching mechanism of LHCSR3-dependent photoprotection in Chlamydomonas. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4437. [PMID: 38789432 PMCID: PMC11126702 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48789-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Photosynthetic organisms have evolved an essential energy-dependent quenching (qE) mechanism to avoid any lethal damages caused by high light. While the triggering mechanism of qE has been well addressed, candidates for quenchers are often debated. This lack of understanding is because of the tremendous difficulty in measuring intact cells using transient absorption techniques. Here, we have conducted femtosecond pump-probe measurements to characterize this photophysical reaction using micro-sized cell fractions of the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii that retain physiological qE function. Combined with kinetic modeling, we have demonstrated the presence of an ultrafast excitation energy transfer (EET) pathway from Chlorophyll a (Chl a) Qy to a carotenoid (car) S1 state, therefore proposing that this carotenoid, likely lutein1, is the quencher. This work has provided an easy-to-prepare qE active thylakoid membrane system for advanced spectroscopic studies and demonstrated that the energy dissipation pathway of qE is evolutionarily conserved from green algae to land plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyuan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaojie Pang
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ming Chen
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Lijin Tian
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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8
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Morelli L, Havurinne V, Madeira D, Martins P, Cartaxana P, Cruz S. Photoprotective mechanisms in Elysia species hosting Acetabularia chloroplasts shed light on host-donor compatibility in photosynthetic sea slugs. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2024; 176:e14273. [PMID: 38566156 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Sacoglossa sea slugs have garnered attention due to their ability to retain intracellular functional chloroplasts from algae, while degrading other algal cell components. While protective mechanisms that limit oxidative damage under excessive light are well documented in plants and algae, the photoprotective strategies employed by these photosynthetic sea slugs remain unresolved. Species within the genus Elysia are known to retain chloroplasts from various algal sources, but the extent to which the metabolic processes from the donor algae can be sustained by the sea slugs is unclear. By comparing responses to high-light conditions through kinetic analyses, molecular techniques, and biochemical assays, this study shows significant differences between two photosynthetic Elysia species with chloroplasts derived from the green alga Acetabularia acetabulum. Notably, Elysia timida displayed remarkable tolerance to high-light stress and sophisticated photoprotective mechanisms such as an active xanthophyll cycle, efficient D1 protein recycling, accumulation of heat-shock proteins and α-tocopherol. In contrast, Elysia crispata exhibited absence or limitations in these photoprotective strategies. Our findings emphasize the intricate relationship between the host animal and the stolen chloroplasts, highlighting different capacities to protect the photosynthetic organelle from oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Morelli
- ECOMARE-Laboratory for Innovation and Sustainability of Marine Biological Resources, CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Vesa Havurinne
- ECOMARE-Laboratory for Innovation and Sustainability of Marine Biological Resources, CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Diana Madeira
- ECOMARE-Laboratory for Innovation and Sustainability of Marine Biological Resources, CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Martins
- ECOMARE-Laboratory for Innovation and Sustainability of Marine Biological Resources, CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Paulo Cartaxana
- ECOMARE-Laboratory for Innovation and Sustainability of Marine Biological Resources, CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Sónia Cruz
- ECOMARE-Laboratory for Innovation and Sustainability of Marine Biological Resources, CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
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9
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Liu X, Nawrocki WJ, Croce R. The role of the pigment-protein complex LHCBM1 in nonphotochemical quenching in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 194:936-944. [PMID: 37847042 PMCID: PMC10828212 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) is the process that protects photosynthetic organisms from photodamage by dissipating the energy absorbed in excess as heat. In the model green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, NPQ is abolished in the knock-out mutants of the pigment-protein complexes LHCSR3 and LHCBM1. However, while LHCSR3 is a pH sensor and switches to a quenched conformation at low pH, the role of LHCBM1 in NPQ has not been elucidated yet. In this work, we combined biochemical and physiological measurements to study short-term high-light acclimation of npq5, the mutant lacking LHCBM1. In low light in the absence of this complex, the antenna size of PSII was smaller than in its presence; this effect was marginal in high light (HL), implying that a reduction of the antenna was not responsible for the low NPQ. The mutant expressed LHCSR3 at the wild-type level in HL, indicating that the absence of this complex is also not the reason. Finally, NPQ remained low in the mutant even when the pH was artificially lowered to values that can switch LHCSR3 to the quenched conformation. We concluded that both LHCSR3 and LHCBM1 are required for the induction of NPQ and that LHCBM1 is the interacting partner of LHCSR3. This interaction can either enhance the quenching capacity of LHCSR3 or connect this complex with the PSII supercomplex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- Biophysics of Photosynthesis, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Wojciech J Nawrocki
- Biophysics of Photosynthesis, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Roberta Croce
- Biophysics of Photosynthesis, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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10
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Wang X, Meng X, Dong Y, Song C, Sui F, Lu X, Mei X, Fan Y, Liu Y. Differential protein analysis of saline-alkali promoting the oil accumulation in Nitzschia palea. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2024; 17:11. [PMID: 38282018 PMCID: PMC10823674 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-023-02451-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The increasingly severe salinization of the aquatic environment has led to serious damage to the habitats of aquatic organisms. Benthic diatoms are commonly employed as indicator species for assessing water quality and serve as a reflection of the overall health of the aquatic ecosystem. Nitzschia palea is a common diatom found in freshwater, with high oil content, rapid reproductive rate, and it is a commonly dominant species in various rivers. RESULTS The results showed that after 4 days (d) of saline-alkali stress, the cell density and chlorophyll a content of Nitzschia palea reached their maximum values. Therefore, we selected Nitzschia palea under 4 d stress for Tandem Mass Tag (TMT) quantitative proteomic analysis to explore the molecular adaptation mechanism of freshwater diatoms under saline-alkali stress. Totally, 854 proteins were enriched, of which 439 differentially expressed proteins were identified. Gene ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and subcellular fractionation analysis revealed that these proteins were mainly enriched in the photosynthesis pathway, citric acid cycle (TCA cycle), fatty acid synthesis, and glutathione cycle. CONCLUSIONS This study aims to reveal the physiological, biochemical and proteomic mechanisms of salt and alkali tolerance and molecular adaptation of Nitzschia palea under different saline-alkali concentrations. This study showed that Nitzschia palea is one candidate of the environmental friendly, renewable bioenergy microalgae. Meantime, Nitzschia palea reveals for the proteome of the freshwater and provides the basis, it became a model algal species for freshwater diatoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xintong Wang
- College of Life Sciences and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, China
| | - Xianghong Meng
- College of Life Sciences and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, China
| | - Yanlong Dong
- College of Life Sciences and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, China
| | - Chunhua Song
- College of Life Sciences and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, China
| | - Fengyang Sui
- College of Life Sciences and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, China
| | - Xinxin Lu
- College of Life Sciences and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaoxue Mei
- College of Life Sciences and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, China
| | - Yawen Fan
- College of Life Sciences and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, China.
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity of Aquatic Organisms, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, China.
| | - Yan Liu
- College of Life Sciences and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, China.
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity of Aquatic Organisms, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, China.
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11
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Broderson M, Niyogi KK, Iwai M. Macroscale structural changes of thylakoid architecture during high light acclimation in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2024:10.1007/s11120-023-01067-1. [PMID: 38180578 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-023-01067-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Photoprotection mechanisms are ubiquitous among photosynthetic organisms. The photoprotection capacity of the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is correlated with protein levels of stress-related light-harvesting complex (LHCSR) proteins, which are strongly induced by high light (HL). However, the dynamic response of overall thylakoid structure during acclimation to growth in HL has not been fully understood. Here, we combined live-cell super-resolution microscopy and analytical membrane subfractionation to investigate macroscale structural changes of thylakoid membranes during HL acclimation in Chlamydomonas. Subdiffraction-resolution live-cell imaging revealed that the overall thylakoid structures became thinned and shrunken during HL acclimation. The stromal space around the pyrenoid also became enlarged. Analytical density-dependent membrane fractionation indicated that the structural changes were partly a consequence of membrane unstacking. The analysis of both an LHCSR loss-of-function mutant, npq4 lhcsr1, and a regulatory mutant that over-expresses LHCSR, spa1-1, showed that structural changes occurred independently of LHCSR protein levels, demonstrating that LHCSR was neither necessary nor sufficient to induce the thylakoid structural changes associated with HL acclimation. In contrast, stt7-9, a mutant lacking a kinase of major light-harvesting antenna proteins, had a slower thylakoid structural response to HL relative to all other lines tested but still showed membrane unstacking. These results indicate that neither LHCSR- nor antenna-phosphorylation-dependent HL acclimation are required for the observed macroscale structural changes of thylakoid membranes in HL conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mimi Broderson
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Krishna K Niyogi
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Masakazu Iwai
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
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12
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Zhang L, Yang C, Liu C. Revealing the significance of chlorophyll b in the moss Physcomitrium patens by knocking out two functional chlorophyllide a oxygenase. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2023; 158:171-180. [PMID: 37653264 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-023-01044-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
The chlorophyllide a oxygenase (CAO) plays a crucial role in the biosynthesis of chlorophyll b (Chl b). In the moss Physcomitrium patens (P. patens), two distinct gene copies, PpCAO1 and PpCAO2, are present. In this study, we investigate the differential expression of these CAOs following light exposure after a period of darkness (24 h) and demonstrate that the accumulation of Chl b is only abolished when both genes are knocked out. In the ppcao1cao2 mutant, most of the antenna proteins associated with both photosystems (PS) I and II are absent. Despite of the existence of LHCSR proteins and zeaxanthin, the mutant exhibits minimal non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) capacity. Nevertheless, the ppcao1cao2 mutant retains a certain level of pseudo-cyclic electron transport to provide photoprotection for PSI. These findings shed light on the dual dependency of Chl b synthesis on two CAOs and highlight the distinct effects of Chl b deprival on PSI and PSII core complexes in P. patens, a model species for bryophytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chunhong Yang
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Cheng Liu
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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13
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Adler L, Lau CS, Shaikh KM, van Maldegem KA, Payne-Dwyer AL, Lefoulon C, Girr P, Atkinson N, Barrett J, Emrich-Mills TZ, Dukic E, Blatt MR, Leake MC, Peltier G, Spetea C, Burlacot A, McCormick AJ, Mackinder LCM, Walker CE. The role of BST4 in the pyrenoid of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.15.545204. [PMID: 38014171 PMCID: PMC10680556 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.15.545204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
In many eukaryotic algae, CO2 fixation by Rubisco is enhanced by a CO2-concentrating mechanism, which utilizes a Rubisco-rich organelle called the pyrenoid. The pyrenoid is traversed by a network of thylakoid-membranes called pyrenoid tubules, proposed to deliver CO2. In the model alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (Chlamydomonas), the pyrenoid tubules have been proposed to be tethered to the Rubisco matrix by a bestrophin-like transmembrane protein, BST4. Here, we show that BST4 forms a complex that localizes to the pyrenoid tubules. A Chlamydomonas mutant impaired in the accumulation of BST4 (bst4) formed normal pyrenoid tubules and heterologous expression of BST4 in Arabidopsis thaliana did not lead to the incorporation of thylakoids into a reconstituted Rubisco condensate. Chlamydomonas bst4 mutant did not show impaired growth at air level CO2. By quantifying the non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) of chlorophyll fluorescence, we show that bst4 displays a transiently lower thylakoid lumenal pH during dark to light transition compared to control strains. When acclimated to high light, bst4 had sustained higher NPQ and elevated levels of light-induced H2O2 production. We conclude that BST4 is not a tethering protein, but rather is an ion channel involved in lumenal pH regulation possibly by mediating bicarbonate transport across the pyrenoid tubules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liat Adler
- Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, EH9 3BF, United Kingdom
- Centre for Engineering Biology, University of Edinburgh, EH9 3BF, United Kingdom
- Department of Plant Biology, The Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA, 94305 USA
| | - Chun Sing Lau
- Centre for Novel Agricultural Products (CNAP), Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Kashif M Shaikh
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 40530, Sweden
| | - Kim A van Maldegem
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 40530, Sweden
| | - Alex L Payne-Dwyer
- Centre for Novel Agricultural Products (CNAP), Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
- School of Physics, Engineering and Technology, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Cecile Lefoulon
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Bower Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Philipp Girr
- Centre for Novel Agricultural Products (CNAP), Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Nicky Atkinson
- Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, EH9 3BF, United Kingdom
- Centre for Engineering Biology, University of Edinburgh, EH9 3BF, United Kingdom
| | - James Barrett
- Centre for Novel Agricultural Products (CNAP), Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Tom Z Emrich-Mills
- Centre for Novel Agricultural Products (CNAP), Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Emilija Dukic
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 40530, Sweden
| | - Michael R Blatt
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Bower Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Mark C Leake
- Centre for Novel Agricultural Products (CNAP), Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
- School of Physics, Engineering and Technology, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Gilles Peltier
- Aix-Marseille Université, CEA, CNRS, Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies Aix-Marseille, CEA Cadarache, 13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Cornelia Spetea
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 40530, Sweden
| | - Adrien Burlacot
- Department of Plant Biology, The Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA, 94305 USA
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Alistair J McCormick
- Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, EH9 3BF, United Kingdom
- Centre for Engineering Biology, University of Edinburgh, EH9 3BF, United Kingdom
| | - Luke C M Mackinder
- Centre for Novel Agricultural Products (CNAP), Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte E Walker
- Centre for Novel Agricultural Products (CNAP), Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
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14
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McQuillan JL, Cutolo EA, Evans C, Pandhal J. Proteomic characterization of a lutein-hyperaccumulating Chlamydomonas reinhardtii mutant reveals photoprotection-related factors as targets for increasing cellular carotenoid content. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2023; 16:166. [PMID: 37925447 PMCID: PMC10625216 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-023-02421-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microalgae are emerging hosts for the sustainable production of lutein, a high-value carotenoid; however, to be commercially competitive with existing systems, their capacity for lutein sequestration must be augmented. Previous attempts to boost microalgal lutein production have focussed on upregulating carotenoid biosynthetic enzymes, in part due to a lack of metabolic engineering targets for expanding lutein storage. RESULTS Here, we isolated a lutein hyper-producing mutant of the model green microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and characterized the metabolic mechanisms driving its enhanced lutein accumulation using label-free quantitative proteomics. Norflurazon- and high light-resistant C. reinhardtii mutants were screened to yield four mutant lines that produced significantly more lutein per cell compared to the CC-125 parental strain. Mutant 5 (Mut-5) exhibited a 5.4-fold increase in lutein content per cell, which to our knowledge is the highest fold increase of lutein in C. reinhardtii resulting from mutagenesis or metabolic engineering so far. Comparative proteomics of Mut-5 against its parental strain CC-125 revealed an increased abundance of light-harvesting complex-like proteins involved in photoprotection, among differences in pigment biosynthesis, central carbon metabolism, and translation. Further characterization of Mut-5 under varying light conditions revealed constitutive overexpression of the photoprotective proteins light-harvesting complex stress-related 1 (LHCSR1) and LHCSR3 and PSII subunit S regardless of light intensity, and increased accrual of total chlorophyll and carotenoids as light intensity increased. Although the photosynthetic efficiency of Mut-5 was comparatively lower than CC-125, the amplitude of non-photochemical quenching responses of Mut-5 was 4.5-fold higher than in CC-125 at low irradiance. CONCLUSIONS We used C. reinhardtii as a model green alga and identified light-harvesting complex-like proteins (among others) as potential metabolic engineering targets to enhance lutein accumulation in microalgae. These have the added value of imparting resistance to high light, although partially compromising photosynthetic efficiency. Further genetic characterization and engineering of Mut-5 could lead to the discovery of unknown players in photoprotective mechanisms and the development of a potent microalgal lutein production system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josie L McQuillan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK.
| | - Edoardo Andrea Cutolo
- Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Bioenergy, Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 15, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Caroline Evans
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK
| | - Jagroop Pandhal
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK.
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15
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Feng Y, Li Z, Li X, Shen L, Liu X, Zhou C, Zhang J, Sang M, Han G, Yang W, Kuang T, Wang W, Shen JR. Structure of a diatom photosystem II supercomplex containing a member of Lhcx family and dimeric FCPII. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadi8446. [PMID: 37878698 PMCID: PMC10599620 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi8446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Diatoms rely on fucoxanthin chlorophyll a/c-binding proteins (FCPs) for their great success in oceans, which have a great diversity in their pigment, protein compositions, and subunit organizations. We report a unique structure of photosystem II (PSII)-FCPII supercomplex from Thalassiosira pseudonana at 2.68-Å resolution by cryo-electron microscopy. FCPIIs within this PSII-FCPII supercomplex exist in dimers and monomers, and a homodimer and a heterodimer were found to bind to a PSII core. The FCPII homodimer is formed by Lhcf7 and associates with PSII through an Lhcx family antenna Lhcx6_1, whereas the heterodimer is formed by Lhcf6 and Lhcf11 and connects to the core together with an Lhcf5 monomer through Lhca2 monomer. An extended pigment network consisting of diatoxanthins, diadinoxanthins, fucoxanthins, and chlorophylls a/c is revealed, which functions in efficient light harvesting, energy transfer, and dissipation. These results provide a structural basis for revealing the energy transfer and dissipation mechanisms and also for the structural diversity of FCP antennas in diatoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Feng
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhenhua Li
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaoyi Li
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Lili Shen
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xueyang Liu
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Cuicui Zhou
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jinyang Zhang
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Min Sang
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Guangye Han
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Wenqiang Yang
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Tingyun Kuang
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Wenda Wang
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Jian-Ren Shen
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
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16
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Cecchin M, Simicevic J, Chaput L, Hernandez Gil M, Girolomoni L, Cazzaniga S, Remacle C, Hoeng J, Ivanov NV, Titz B, Ballottari M. Acclimation strategies of the green alga Chlorella vulgaris to different light regimes revealed by physiological and comparative proteomic analyses. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:4540-4558. [PMID: 37155956 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Acclimation to different light regimes is at the basis of survival for photosynthetic organisms, regardless of their evolutionary origin. Previous research efforts largely focused on acclimation events occurring at the level of the photosynthetic apparatus and often highlighted species-specific mechanisms. Here, we investigated the consequences of acclimation to different irradiances in Chlorella vulgaris, a green alga that is one of the most promising species for industrial application, focusing on both photosynthetic and mitochondrial activities. Moreover, proteomic analysis of cells acclimated to high light (HL) or low light (LL) allowed identification of the main targets of acclimation in terms of differentially expressed proteins. The results obtained demonstrate photosynthetic adaptation to HL versus LL that was only partially consistent with previous findings in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, a model organism for green algae, but in many cases similar to vascular plant acclimation events. Increased mitochondrial respiration measured in HL-acclimated cells mainly relied on alternative oxidative pathway dissipating the excessive reducing power produced due to enhanced carbon flow. Finally, proteins involved in cell metabolism, intracellular transport, gene expression, and signaling-including a heliorhodopsin homolog-were identified as strongly differentially expressed in HL versus LL, suggesting their key roles in acclimation to different light regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Cecchin
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Università di Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Jovan Simicevic
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Louise Chaput
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Manuel Hernandez Gil
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Laura Girolomoni
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Università di Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Stefano Cazzaniga
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Università di Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Claire Remacle
- Genetics and Physiology of Microalgae, InBios/Phytosystems Research Unit, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Julia Hoeng
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Nikolai V Ivanov
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Bjoern Titz
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Matteo Ballottari
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Università di Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
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17
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Pang X, Nawrocki WJ, Cardol P, Zheng M, Jiang J, Fang Y, Yang W, Croce R, Tian L. Weak acids produced during anaerobic respiration suppress both photosynthesis and aerobic respiration. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4207. [PMID: 37452043 PMCID: PMC10349137 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39898-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
While photosynthesis transforms sunlight energy into sugar, aerobic and anaerobic respiration (fermentation) catabolizes sugars to fuel cellular activities. These processes take place within one cell across several compartments, however it remains largely unexplored how they interact with one another. Here we report that the weak acids produced during fermentation down-regulate both photosynthesis and aerobic respiration. This effect is mechanistically explained with an "ion trapping" model, in which the lipid bilayer selectively traps protons that effectively acidify subcellular compartments with smaller buffer capacities - such as the thylakoid lumen. Physiologically, we propose that under certain conditions, e.g., dim light at dawn, tuning down the photosynthetic light reaction could mitigate the pressure on its electron transport chains, while suppression of respiration could accelerate the net oxygen evolution, thus speeding up the recovery from hypoxia. Since we show that this effect is conserved across photosynthetic phyla, these results indicate that fermentation metabolites exert widespread feedback control over photosynthesis and aerobic respiration. This likely allows algae to better cope with changing environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Pang
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100093, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Wojciech J Nawrocki
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and LaserLab Amsterdam Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Laboratoire de Biologie du Chloroplaste et Perception de la Lumière chez les Microalgues, UMR7141, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Sorbonne Université, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, 13 Rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Cardol
- Génétique et Physiologie des Microalgues, InBioS/Phytosystems, Institut de Botanique, Université de Liège, B22, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Mengyuan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100093, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Jingjing Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100093, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Fang
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100093, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Wenqiang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100093, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Roberta Croce
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and LaserLab Amsterdam Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lijin Tian
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100093, Beijing, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China.
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18
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Yadav RM, Marriboina S, Zamal MY, Pandey J, Subramanyam R. High light-induced changes in whole-cell proteomic profile and its correlation with the organization of thylakoid super-complex in cyclic electron transport mutants of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1198474. [PMID: 37521924 PMCID: PMC10374432 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1198474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Light and nutrients are essential components of photosynthesis. Activating the signaling cascades is critical in starting adaptive processes in response to high light. In this study, we have used wild-type (WT), cyclic electron transport (CET) mutants like Proton Gradient Regulation (PGR) (PGRL1), and PGR5 to elucidate the actual role in regulation and assembly of photosynthetic pigment-protein complexes under high light. Here, we have correlated the biophysical, biochemical, and proteomic approaches to understand the targeted proteins and the organization of thylakoid pigment-protein complexes in the photoacclimation. The proteomic analysis showed that 320 proteins were significantly affected under high light compared to the control and are mainly involved in the photosynthetic electron transport chain, protein synthesis, metabolic process, glycolysis, and proteins involved in cytoskeleton assembly. Additionally, we observed that the cytochrome (Cyt) b6 expression is increased in the pgr5 mutant to regulate proton motive force and ATPase across the thylakoid membrane. The increased Cyt b6 function in pgr5 could be due to the compromised function of chloroplast (cp) ATP synthase subunits for energy generation and photoprotection under high light. Moreover, our proteome data show that the photosystem subunit II (PSBS) protein isoforms (PSBS1 and PSBS2) expressed more than the Light-Harvesting Complex Stress-Related (LHCSR) protein in pgr5 compared to WT and pgrl1 under high light. The immunoblot data shows the photosystem II proteins D1 and D2 accumulated more in pgrl1 and pgr5 than WT under high light. In high light, CP43 and CP47 showed a reduced amount in pgr5 under high light due to changes in chlorophyll and carotenoid content around the PSII protein, which coordinates as a cofactor for efficient energy transfer from the light-harvesting antenna to the photosystem core. BN-PAGE and circular dichroism studies indicate changes in macromolecular assembly and thylakoid super-complexes destacking in pgrl1 and pgr5 due to changes in the pigment-protein complexes under high light. Based on this study, we emphasize that this is an excellent aid in understanding the role of CET mutants in thylakoid protein abundances and super-complex organization under high light.
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19
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Biswal S, Gupta PSS, Panda SK, Bhat HR, Rana MK. Insights into the binding mechanism of ascorbic acid and violaxanthin with violaxanthin de-epoxidase (VDE) and chlorophycean violaxanthin de-epoxidase (CVDE) enzymes. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2023; 156:337-354. [PMID: 36847893 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-023-01006-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthetic organisms have evolved to work under low and high lights in photoprotection, acting as a scavenger of reactive oxygen species. The light-dependent xanthophyll cycle involved in this process is performed by a key enzyme (present in the thylakoid lumen), Violaxanthin De-Epoxidase (VDE), in the presence of violaxanthin (Vio) and ascorbic acid substrates. Phylogenetically, VDE is found to be connected with an ancestral enzyme Chlorophycean Violaxanthin De-Epoxidase (CVDE), present in the green algae on the stromal side of the thylakoid membrane. However, the structure and functions of CVDE were not known. In search of functional similarities involving this cycle, the structure, binding conformation, stability, and interaction mechanism of CVDE are explored with the two substrates compared to VDE. The structure of CVDE was determined by homology modeling and validated. In silico docking (of first-principles optimized substrates) revealed it has a larger catalytic domain than VDE. A thorough analysis of the binding affinity and stability of four enzyme-substrate complexes is performed by computing free energies and their decomposition, the root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) and fluctuation (RMSF), the radius of gyration, salt bridge, and hydrogen bonding interactions in molecular dynamics. Based on these, violaxanthin interacts with CVDE to a similar extent as that of VDE. Hence, its role is expected to be the same for both enzymes. On the contrary, ascorbic acid has a weaker interaction with CVDE than VDE. Given these interactions drive epoxidation or de-epoxidation in the xanthophyll cycle, it immediately discerns that either ascorbic acid does not participate in de-epoxidation or a different cofactor is necessary as CVDE has a weaker interaction with ascorbic acid than VDE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satyaranjan Biswal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Berhampur, Ganjam, Odisha, 760010, India
| | - Parth Sarthi Sen Gupta
- School of Biosciences and Bioengineering, D Y Patil International University, Akurdi, Pune, Maharashtra-411044, India
| | - Saroj Kumar Panda
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Berhampur, Ganjam, Odisha, 760010, India
| | - Haamid Rasool Bhat
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Berhampur, Ganjam, Odisha, 760010, India
| | - Malay Kumar Rana
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Berhampur, Ganjam, Odisha, 760010, India.
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20
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Wilson S, Kim E, Ishii A, Ruban AV, Minagawa J. Overexpression of LHCSR and PsbS enhance light tolerance in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2023; 244:112718. [PMID: 37156084 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2023.112718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) is a crucial mechanism for fine-tuning light harvesting and protecting the photosystem II (PSII) reaction centres from excess light energy in plants and algae. This process is regulated by photoprotective proteins LHCSR1, LHCSR3, and PsbS in green algae, such as Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. The det1-2 phot mutant, which overexpresses these photoprotective proteins, resulting in a significantly higher NPQ response, has been recently discovered in C. reinhardtii. Here, we analysed the physiological impact of this response on algal cells and found that det1-2 phot was capable of efficient growth under high light intensities, where wild-type (WT) cells were unable to survive. The mutant exhibited a smaller PSII cross-section in the dark and showed a detachment of the peripheral light-harvesting complex II (LHCII) antenna in the NPQ state, as suggested by a rise in the chlorophyll fluorescence parameter of photochemical quenching in the dark (qPd > 1). Furthermore, fluorescence decay-associated spectra demonstrated a decreased excitation pressure on PSII, with excess energy being directed toward PSI. The amount of LHCSR1, LHCSR3, and PsbS in the mutant correlated with the magnitude of the protective NPQ response. Overall, the study suggests the mechanism by which the overexpression of photoprotective proteins in det1-2 phot brings about an efficient and effective photoprotective response, enabling the mutant to grow and survive under high light intensities that would otherwise be lethal for WT cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Wilson
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - Eunchul Kim
- Division of Environmental Photobiology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan; Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, Japan
| | - Asako Ishii
- Division of Environmental Photobiology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan; Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, Japan
| | - Alexander V Ruban
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - Jun Minagawa
- Division of Environmental Photobiology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan; Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, Japan.
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21
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Pluciński B, Nowicka B, Waloszek A, Rutkowska J, Strzałka K. The role of antioxidant response and nonphotochemical quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence in long-term adaptation to Cu-induced stress in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:67250-67262. [PMID: 37103714 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27175-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Copper is an essential micronutrient, but at supraoptimal concentrations it is also highly toxic, inducing oxidative stress and disrupting photosynthesis. The aim of the present study was to analyze selected protective mechanisms in strains of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii adapted and not adapted for growth in the presence of elevated copper concentrations. Two algal lines (tolerant and non-tolerant to high Cu2+ concentrations) were used in experiments to study photosynthetic pigment content, peroxidase activity, and non-photochemical quenching. The content of prenyllipids was studied in four different algal lines (two of the same as above and two new ones). The copper-adapted strains contained about 2.6 times more α-tocopherol and plastoquinol and about 1.7 times more total plastoquinone than non-tolerant strains. Exposure to excess copper led to oxidation of the plastoquinone pool in non-tolerant strains, whereas this effect was less pronounced or did not occur in copper-tolerant strains. Peroxidase activity was approximately 1.75 times higher in the tolerant strain than in the non-tolerant one. The increase in peroxidase activity in the tolerant strain was less pronounced when the algae were grown in dim light. In the tolerant line nonphotochemical quenching was induced faster and was usually about 20-30% more efficient than in the non-tolerant line. The improvement of antioxidant defense and photoprotection may be important factors in the evolutionary processes leading to tolerance to heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Pluciński
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Beatrycze Nowicka
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Andrzej Waloszek
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Joanna Rutkowska
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Kazimierz Strzałka
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Gronostajowa 7a, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
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22
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Ozawa SI, Buchert F, Reuys R, Hippler M, Takahashi Y. Algal PETC-Pro171-Leu suppresses electron transfer in cytochrome b6f under acidic lumenal conditions. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 191:1803-1817. [PMID: 36516417 PMCID: PMC10022631 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Linear photosynthetic electron flow (LEF) produces NADPH and generates a proton electrochemical potential gradient across the thylakoid membrane to synthesize ATP, both of which are required for CO2 fixation. As cellular demand for ATP and NADPH varies, cyclic electron flow (CEF) between Photosystem I and the cytochrome b6f complex (b6f) produces extra ATP. b6f regulates LEF and CEF via photosynthetic control, which is a pH-dependent b6f slowdown of plastoquinol oxidation at the lumenal site. This protection mechanism is triggered at more alkaline lumen pH in the pgr1 (proton gradient regulation 1) mutant of the vascular plant Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), which contains a Pro194Leu substitution in the b6f Rieske Iron-sulfur protein Photosynthetic Electron Transfer C (PETC) subunit. In this work, we introduced the equivalent pgr1 mutation in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii to generate PETC-P171L. Consistent with the pgr1 phenotype, PETC-P171L displayed impaired NPQ induction along with slower photoautotrophic growth under high light conditions. Our data provide evidence that the ΔpH component in PETC-P171L depends on oxygen availability. Only under low oxygen conditions was the ΔpH component sufficient to trigger a phenotype in algal PETC-P171L where the mutant b6f was more restricted to oxidize the plastoquinol pool and showed diminished electron flow through the b6f complex. These results demonstrate that photosynthetic control of different stringency are established in C. reinhardtii depending on the cellular metabolism, and the lumen pH-sensitive PETC-P171L was generated to read out various associated effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Felix Buchert
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, 48143 Münster, Germany
| | - Ruby Reuys
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, 48143 Münster, Germany
| | - Michael Hippler
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki 710-0046, Japan
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, 48143 Münster, Germany
| | - Yuichiro Takahashi
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
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23
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Shang H, Li M, Pan X. Dynamic Regulation of the Light-Harvesting System through State Transitions in Land Plants and Green Algae. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1173. [PMID: 36904032 PMCID: PMC10005731 DOI: 10.3390/plants12051173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthesis constitutes the only known natural process that captures the solar energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into biomass. The primary reactions of photosynthesis are catalyzed by the photosystem II (PSII) and photosystem I (PSI) complexes. Both photosystems associate with antennae complexes whose main function is to increase the light-harvesting capability of the core. In order to maintain optimal photosynthetic activity under a constantly changing natural light environment, plants and green algae regulate the absorbed photo-excitation energy between PSI and PSII through processes known as state transitions. State transitions represent a short-term light adaptation mechanism for balancing the energy distribution between the two photosystems by relocating light-harvesting complex II (LHCII) proteins. The preferential excitation of PSII (state 2) results in the activation of a chloroplast kinase which in turn phosphorylates LHCII, a process followed by the release of phosphorylated LHCII from PSII and its migration to PSI, thus forming the PSI-LHCI-LHCII supercomplex. The process is reversible, as LHCII is dephosphorylated and returns to PSII under the preferential excitation of PSI. In recent years, high-resolution structures of the PSI-LHCI-LHCII supercomplex from plants and green algae were reported. These structural data provide detailed information on the interacting patterns of phosphorylated LHCII with PSI and on the pigment arrangement in the supercomplex, which is critical for constructing the excitation energy transfer pathways and for a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanism of state transitions progress. In this review, we focus on the structural data of the state 2 supercomplex from plants and green algae and discuss the current state of knowledge concerning the interactions between antenna and the PSI core and the potential energy transfer pathways in these supercomplexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Shang
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Mei Li
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiaowei Pan
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
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24
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Liu C, Guo H, Zhao X, Zou B, Sun T, Feng J, Zeng Z, Wen X, Chen J, Hu Z, Lou S, Li H. Overexpression of 18S rRNA methyltransferase CrBUD23 enhances biomass and lutein content in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1102098. [PMID: 36815903 PMCID: PMC9935685 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1102098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-transcriptional modification of nucleic acids including transfer RNA (tRNA), ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and messenger RNA (mRNA) is vital for fine-tunning of mRNA translation. Methylation is one of the most widespread post-transcriptional modifications in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes. HsWBSCR22 and ScBUD23 encodes a 18S rRNA methyltransferase that positively regulates cell growth by mediating ribosome maturation in human and yeast, respectively. However, presence and function of 18S rRNA methyltransferase in green algae are still elusive. Here, through bioinformatic analysis, we identified CrBUD23 as the human WBSCR22 homolog in genome of the green algae model organism Chlamydonomas reinhardtii. CrBUD23 was a conserved putative 18S rRNA methyltransferase widely exited in algae, plants, insects and mammalians. Transcription of CrBUD23 was upregulated by high light and down-regulated by low light, indicating its role in photosynthesis and energy metabolism. To characterize its biological function, coding sequence of CrBUD23 fused with a green fluorescence protein (GFP) tag was derived by 35S promoter and stably integrated into Chlamydomonas genome by glass bead-mediated transformation. Compared to C. reinhardtii wild type CC-5325, transgenic strains overexpressing CrBUD23 resulted in accelerated cell growth, thereby leading to elevated biomass, dry weight and protein content. Moreover, overexpression of CrBUD23 increased content of photosynthetic pigments but not elicit the activation of antioxidative enzymes, suggesting CrBUD23 favors growth and proliferation in the trade-off with stress responses. Bioinformatic analysis revealed the G1177 was the putative methylation site in 18S rRNA of C. reinhardtii CC-849. G1177 was conserved in other Chlamydonomas isolates, indicating the conserved methyltransferase activity of BUD23 proteins. In addition, CrTrm122, the homolog of BUD23 interactor Trm112, was found involved in responses to high light as same as CrBUD23. Taken together, our study revealed that cell growth, protein content and lutein accumulation of Chlamydomonas were positively regulated by the 18S rRNA methyltransferase CrBUD23, which could serve as a promising candidate for microalgae genetic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglong Liu
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-Environmental Science, Longhua Innovation Institute for Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China,College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Haoze Guo
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-Environmental Science, Longhua Innovation Institute for Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xinmei Zhao
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-Environmental Science, Longhua Innovation Institute for Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bingxi Zou
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-Environmental Science, Longhua Innovation Institute for Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ting Sun
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-Environmental Science, Longhua Innovation Institute for Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jinwei Feng
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-Environmental Science, Longhua Innovation Institute for Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhiyong Zeng
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-Environmental Science, Longhua Innovation Institute for Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xueer Wen
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-Environmental Science, Longhua Innovation Institute for Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-Environmental Science, Longhua Innovation Institute for Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhangli Hu
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-Environmental Science, Longhua Innovation Institute for Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Sulin Lou
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-Environmental Science, Longhua Innovation Institute for Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China,*Correspondence: Hui Li, ; Sulin Lou,
| | - Hui Li
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-Environmental Science, Longhua Innovation Institute for Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China,*Correspondence: Hui Li, ; Sulin Lou,
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25
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Böhmer S, Marx C, Goss R, Gilbert M, Sasso S, Happe T, Hemschemeier A. Chlamydomonas reinhardtii mutants deficient for Old Yellow Enzyme 3 exhibit increased photooxidative stress. PLANT DIRECT 2023; 7:e480. [PMID: 36685735 PMCID: PMC9840898 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Old Yellow Enzymes (OYEs) are flavin-containing ene-reductases that have been intensely studied with regard to their biotechnological potential for sustainable chemical syntheses. OYE-encoding genes are found throughout the domains of life, but their physiological role is mostly unknown, one reason for this being the promiscuity of most ene-reductases studied to date. The unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii possesses four genes coding for OYEs, three of which we have analyzed biochemically before. Ene-reductase CrOYE3 stood out in that it showed an unusually narrow substrate scope and converted N-methylmaleimide (NMI) with high rates. This was recapitulated in a C. reinhardtii croye3 mutant that, in contrast to the wild type, hardly degraded externally added NMI. Here we show that CrOYE3-mediated NMI conversion depends on electrons generated photosynthetically by photosystem II (PSII) and that the croye3 mutant exhibits slightly decreased photochemical quenching in high light. Non-photochemical quenching is strongly impaired in this mutant, and it shows enhanced oxidative stress. The phenotypes of the mutant suggest that C. reinhardtii CrOYE3 is involved in the protection against photooxidative stress, possibly by converting reactive carbonyl species derived from lipid peroxides or maleimides from tetrapyrrole degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Böhmer
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, PhotobiotechnologyRuhr University BochumBochumGermany
| | - Christina Marx
- SolarBioproducts RuhrBusiness Development Agency HerneHerneGermany
| | - Reimund Goss
- Institute of Biology, Plant PhysiologyLeipzig UniversityLeipzigGermany
| | - Matthias Gilbert
- Institute of Biology, Plant PhysiologyLeipzig UniversityLeipzigGermany
| | - Severin Sasso
- Institute of Biology, Plant PhysiologyLeipzig UniversityLeipzigGermany
| | - Thomas Happe
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, PhotobiotechnologyRuhr University BochumBochumGermany
| | - Anja Hemschemeier
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, PhotobiotechnologyRuhr University BochumBochumGermany
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26
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Virtanen O, Tyystjärvi E. Plastoquinone pool redox state and control of state transitions in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii in darkness and under illumination. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2023; 155:59-76. [PMID: 36282464 PMCID: PMC9792418 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-022-00970-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Movement of LHCII between two photosystems has been assumed to be similarly controlled by the redox state of the plastoquinone pool (PQ-pool) in plants and green algae. Here we show that the redox state of the PQ-pool of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii can be determined with HPLC and use this method to compare the light state in C. reinhardtii with the PQ-pool redox state in a number of conditions. The PQ-pool was at least moderately reduced under illumination with all tested types of visible light and oxidation was achieved only with aerobic dark treatment or with far-red light. Although dark incubations and white light forms with spectral distribution favoring one photosystem affected the redox state of PQ-pool differently, they induced similar Stt7-dependent state transitions. Thus, under illumination the dynamics of the PQ-pool and its connection with light state appears more complicated in C. reinhardtii than in plants. We suggest this to stem from the larger number of LHC-units and from less different absorption profiles of the photosystems in C. reinhardtii than in plants. The data demonstrate that the two different control mechanisms required to fulfill the dual function of state transitions in C. reinhardtii in photoprotection and in balancing light utilization are activated via different means.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olli Virtanen
- Department of Life Technologies/Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku, 20014, Turku, Finland
| | - Esa Tyystjärvi
- Department of Life Technologies/Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku, 20014, Turku, Finland.
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27
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Chouhan N, Yadav RM, Pandey J, Subramanyam R. High light-induced changes in thylakoid supercomplexes organization from cyclic electron transport mutants of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOENERGETICS 2023; 1864:148917. [PMID: 36108725 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2022.148917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The localization of carotenoids and macromolecular organization of thylakoid supercomplexes have not been reported yet in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii WT and cyclic electron transport mutants (pgrl1 and pgr5) under high light. Here, the various pigments, protein composition, and pigment-protein interactions were analyzed from the cells, thylakoids, and sucrose density gradient (SDG) fractions. Also, the supercomplexes of thylakoids were separated from BN-PAGE and SDG. The abundance of light-harvesting complex (LHC) II trimer complexes and pigment-pigment interaction were changed slightly under high light, shown by circular dichroism. However, a drastic change was seen in photosystem (PS)I-LHCI complexes than PSII complexes, especially in pgrl1 and pgr5. The lutein and β-carotene increased under high light in LHCII trimers compared to other supercomplexes, indicating that these pigments protected the LHCII trimers against high light. However, the presence of xanthophylls, lutein, and β-carotene was less in PSI-LHCI, indicating that pigment-protein complexes altered in high light. Even the real-time PCR data shows that the pgr5 mutant does not accumulate zeaxanthin dependent genes under high light, which shows that violaxanthin is not converting into zeaxanthin under high light. Also, the protein data confirms that the LHCSR3 expression is absent in pgr5, however it is presented in LHCII trimer in WT and pgrl1. Interestingly, some of the core proteins were aggregated in pgr5, which led to change in photosynthesis efficiency in high light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Chouhan
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Ranay Mohan Yadav
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Jayendra Pandey
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Rajagopal Subramanyam
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India.
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28
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Falciatore A, Bailleul B, Boulouis A, Bouly JP, Bujaldon S, Cheminant-Navarro S, Choquet Y, de Vitry C, Eberhard S, Jaubert M, Kuras R, Lafontaine I, Landier S, Selles J, Vallon O, Wostrikoff K. Light-driven processes: key players of the functional biodiversity in microalgae. C R Biol 2022; 345:15-38. [PMID: 36847462 DOI: 10.5802/crbiol.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Microalgae are prominent aquatic organisms, responsible for about half of the photosynthetic activity on Earth. Over the past two decades, breakthroughs in genomics and ecosystem biology, as well as the development of genetic resources in model species, have redrawn the boundaries of our knowledge on the relevance of these microbes in global ecosystems. However, considering their vast biodiversity and complex evolutionary history, our comprehension of algal biology remains limited. As algae rely on light, both as their main source of energy and for information about their environment, we focus here on photosynthesis, photoperception, and chloroplast biogenesis in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and marine diatoms. We describe how the studies of light-driven processes are key to assessing functional biodiversity in evolutionary distant microalgae. We also emphasize that integration of laboratory and environmental studies, and dialogues between different scientific communities are both timely and essential to understand the life of phototrophs in complex ecosystems and to properly assess the consequences of environmental changes on aquatic environments globally.
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29
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Steen CJ, Burlacot A, Short AH, Niyogi KK, Fleming GR. Interplay between LHCSR proteins and state transitions governs the NPQ response in Chlamydomonas during light fluctuations. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2022; 45:2428-2445. [PMID: 35678230 PMCID: PMC9540987 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthetic organisms use sunlight as the primary energy source to fix CO2 . However, in nature, light energy is highly variable, reaching levels of saturation for periods ranging from milliseconds to hours. In the green microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, safe dissipation of excess light energy by nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) is mediated by light-harvesting complex stress-related (LHCSR) proteins and redistribution of light-harvesting antennae between the photosystems (state transition). Although each component underlying NPQ has been documented, their relative contributions to NPQ under fluctuating light conditions remain unknown. Here, by monitoring NPQ in intact cells throughout high light/dark cycles of various illumination periods, we find that the dynamics of NPQ depend on the timescales of light fluctuations. We show that LHCSRs play a major role during the light phases of light fluctuations and describe their role in growth under rapid light fluctuations. We further reveal an activation of NPQ during the dark phases of all high light/dark cycles and show that this phenomenon arises from state transition. Finally, we show that LHCSRs and state transition synergistically cooperate to enable NPQ response during light fluctuations. These results highlight the dynamic functioning of photoprotection under light fluctuations and open a new way to systematically characterize the photosynthetic response to an ever-changing light environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Collin J. Steen
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
- Kavli Energy Nanoscience InstituteBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
| | - Adrien Burlacot
- Howard Hughes Medical InstituteUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Plant and Microbial BiologyUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Plant BiologyCarnegie Institution for ScienceStanfordCaliforniaUSA
| | - Audrey H. Short
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
- Kavli Energy Nanoscience InstituteBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
- Graduate Group in BiophysicsUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
| | - Krishna K. Niyogi
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
- Howard Hughes Medical InstituteUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Plant and Microbial BiologyUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
| | - Graham R. Fleming
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
- Kavli Energy Nanoscience InstituteBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
- Graduate Group in BiophysicsUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
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30
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Macromolecular conformational changes in photosystem II: interaction between structure and function. Biophys Rev 2022; 14:871-886. [DOI: 10.1007/s12551-022-00979-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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31
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The relationship between photosystem II regulation and light-dependent hydrogen production by microalgae. Biophys Rev 2022; 14:893-904. [DOI: 10.1007/s12551-022-00977-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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32
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Arshad R, Saccon F, Bag P, Biswas A, Calvaruso C, Bhatti AF, Grebe S, Mascoli V, Mahbub M, Muzzopappa F, Polyzois A, Schiphorst C, Sorrentino M, Streckaité S, van Amerongen H, Aro EM, Bassi R, Boekema EJ, Croce R, Dekker J, van Grondelle R, Jansson S, Kirilovsky D, Kouřil R, Michel S, Mullineaux CW, Panzarová K, Robert B, Ruban AV, van Stokkum I, Wientjes E, Büchel C. A kaleidoscope of photosynthetic antenna proteins and their emerging roles. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 189:1204-1219. [PMID: 35512089 PMCID: PMC9237682 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthetic light-harvesting antennae are pigment-binding proteins that perform one of the most fundamental tasks on Earth, capturing light and transferring energy that enables life in our biosphere. Adaptation to different light environments led to the evolution of an astonishing diversity of light-harvesting systems. At the same time, several strategies have been developed to optimize the light energy input into photosynthetic membranes in response to fluctuating conditions. The basic feature of these prompt responses is the dynamic nature of antenna complexes, whose function readily adapts to the light available. High-resolution microscopy and spectroscopic studies on membrane dynamics demonstrate the crosstalk between antennae and other thylakoid membrane components. With the increased understanding of light-harvesting mechanisms and their regulation, efforts are focusing on the development of sustainable processes for effective conversion of sunlight into functional bio-products. The major challenge in this approach lies in the application of fundamental discoveries in light-harvesting systems for the improvement of plant or algal photosynthesis. Here, we underline some of the latest fundamental discoveries on the molecular mechanisms and regulation of light harvesting that can potentially be exploited for the optimization of photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rameez Arshad
- Department of Biophysics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc 783 71, Czech Republic
- Electron Microscopy Group, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Francesco Saccon
- School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Pushan Bag
- Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Umeå University, Umeå 901 87, Sweden
| | - Avratanu Biswas
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and LaserLaB, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - Claudio Calvaruso
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences, Goethe University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt 60438, Germany
| | - Ahmad Farhan Bhatti
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Steffen Grebe
- Department of Life Technologies, MolecularPlant Biology, University of Turku, Turku FI–20520, Finland
| | - Vincenzo Mascoli
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and LaserLaB, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - Moontaha Mahbub
- School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Department of Botany, Jagannath University, Dhaka 1100, Bangladesh
| | - Fernando Muzzopappa
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif sur Yvette 1198, France
| | - Alexandros Polyzois
- Université de Paris, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, CiTCoM UMR 8038 CNRS, Paris 75006, France
| | | | - Mirella Sorrentino
- Photon Systems Instruments, spol. s.r.o., Drásov, Czech Republic
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80138, Italy
| | - Simona Streckaité
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif sur Yvette 1198, France
| | | | - Eva-Mari Aro
- Department of Life Technologies, MolecularPlant Biology, University of Turku, Turku FI–20520, Finland
| | - Roberto Bassi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Università di Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Egbert J Boekema
- Electron Microscopy Group, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Roberta Croce
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and LaserLaB, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Dekker
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and LaserLaB, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - Rienk van Grondelle
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and LaserLaB, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan Jansson
- Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Umeå University, Umeå 901 87, Sweden
| | - Diana Kirilovsky
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif sur Yvette 1198, France
| | - Roman Kouřil
- Department of Biophysics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc 783 71, Czech Republic
| | - Sylvie Michel
- Université de Paris, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, CiTCoM UMR 8038 CNRS, Paris 75006, France
| | - Conrad W Mullineaux
- School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Klára Panzarová
- Photon Systems Instruments, spol. s.r.o., Drásov, Czech Republic
| | - Bruno Robert
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif sur Yvette 1198, France
| | - Alexander V Ruban
- School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Ivo van Stokkum
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and LaserLaB, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - Emilie Wientjes
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Claudia Büchel
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences, Goethe University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt 60438, Germany
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Redekop P, Sanz-Luque E, Yuan Y, Villain G, Petroutsos D, Grossman AR. Transcriptional regulation of photoprotection in dark-to-light transition-More than just a matter of excess light energy. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabn1832. [PMID: 35658034 PMCID: PMC9166400 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abn1832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In nature, photosynthetic organisms are exposed to different light spectra and intensities depending on the time of day and atmospheric and environmental conditions. When photosynthetic cells absorb excess light, they induce nonphotochemical quenching to avoid photodamage and trigger expression of "photoprotective" genes. In this work, we used the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii to assess the impact of light intensity, light quality, photosynthetic electron transport, and carbon dioxide on induction of the photoprotective genes (LHCSR1, LHCSR3, and PSBS) during dark-to-light transitions. Induction (mRNA accumulation) occurred at very low light intensity and was independently modulated by blue and ultraviolet B radiation through specific photoreceptors; only LHCSR3 was strongly controlled by carbon dioxide levels through a putative enhancer function of CIA5, a transcription factor that controls genes of the carbon concentrating mechanism. We propose a model that integrates inputs of independent signaling pathways and how they may help the cells anticipate diel conditions and survive in a dynamic light environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Redekop
- Department of Plant Biology, The Carnegie Institution for Science, 260 Panama St, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Corresponding author. (E.S.-L.); (P.R.)
| | - Emanuel Sanz-Luque
- Department of Plant Biology, The Carnegie Institution for Science, 260 Panama St, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Cordoba, 14071 Cordoba, Spain
- Corresponding author. (E.S.-L.); (P.R.)
| | - Yizhong Yuan
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, INRAe, IRIG-LPCV, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Gaelle Villain
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, INRAe, IRIG-LPCV, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Dimitris Petroutsos
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, INRAe, IRIG-LPCV, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Arthur R. Grossman
- Department of Plant Biology, The Carnegie Institution for Science, 260 Panama St, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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Burlacot A, Dao O, Auroy P, Cuiné S, Li-Beisson Y, Peltier G. Alternative photosynthesis pathways drive the algal CO 2-concentrating mechanism. Nature 2022; 605:366-371. [PMID: 35477755 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04662-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Global photosynthesis consumes ten times more CO2 than net anthropogenic emissions, and microalgae account for nearly half of this consumption1. The high efficiency of algal photosynthesis relies on a mechanism concentrating CO2 (CCM) at the catalytic site of the carboxylating enzyme RuBisCO, which enhances CO2 fixation2. Although many cellular components involved in the transport and sequestration of inorganic carbon have been identified3,4, how microalgae supply energy to concentrate CO2 against a thermodynamic gradient remains unknown4-6. Here we show that in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, the combined action of cyclic electron flow and O2 photoreduction-which depend on PGRL1 and flavodiiron proteins, respectively-generate a low luminal pH that is essential for CCM function. We suggest that luminal protons are used downstream of thylakoid bestrophin-like transporters, probably for the conversion of bicarbonate to CO2. We further establish that an electron flow from chloroplast to mitochondria contributes to energizing non-thylakoid inorganic carbon transporters, probably by supplying ATP. We propose an integrated view of the network supplying energy to the CCM, and describe how algal cells distribute energy from photosynthesis to power different CCM processes. These results suggest a route for the transfer of a functional algal CCM to plants to improve crop productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrien Burlacot
- Aix Marseille Univ, CEA, CNRS, Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies Aix-Marseille, CEA Cadarache, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France.,Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ousmane Dao
- Aix Marseille Univ, CEA, CNRS, Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies Aix-Marseille, CEA Cadarache, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Pascaline Auroy
- Aix Marseille Univ, CEA, CNRS, Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies Aix-Marseille, CEA Cadarache, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Stephan Cuiné
- Aix Marseille Univ, CEA, CNRS, Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies Aix-Marseille, CEA Cadarache, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Yonghua Li-Beisson
- Aix Marseille Univ, CEA, CNRS, Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies Aix-Marseille, CEA Cadarache, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Gilles Peltier
- Aix Marseille Univ, CEA, CNRS, Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies Aix-Marseille, CEA Cadarache, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France.
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Fang Y, Liu D, Jiang J, He A, Zhu R, Tian L. Photoprotective energy quenching in the red alga Porphyridium purpureum occurs at the core antenna of the photosystem II but not at its reaction center. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101783. [PMID: 35245502 PMCID: PMC8978274 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Photosynthetic organisms have evolved light-harvesting antennae over time. In cyanobacteria, external phycobilisomes (PBSs) are the dominant antennae, whereas in green algae and higher plants, PBSs have been replaced by proteins of the Lhc family that are integrated in the membrane. Red algae represent an evolutionary intermediate between these two systems, as they employ both PBSs and membrane LHCR proteins as light-harvesting units. Understanding how red algae cope with light is not only interesting for biotechnological applications, but is also of evolutionary interest. For example, energy-dependent quenching (qE) is an essential photoprotective mechanism widely used by species from cyanobacteria to higher plants to avoid light damage; however, the quenching mechanism in red algae remains largely unexplored. Here, we used both pulse amplitude-modulated (PAM) and time-resolved chlorophyll fluorescence to characterize qE kinetics in the red alga Porphyridium purpureum. PAM traces confirmed that qE in P. purpureum is activated by a decrease in the thylakoid lumen pH, whereas time-resolved fluorescence results further revealed the quenching site and ultrafast quenching kinetics. We found that quenching exclusively takes place in the photosystem II (PSII) complexes and preferentially occurs at PSII’s core antenna rather than at its reaction center, with an overall quenching rate of 17.6 ± 3.0 ns−1. In conclusion, we propose that qE in red algae is not a reaction center type of quenching, and that there might be a membrane-bound protein that resembles PsbS of higher plants or LHCSR of green algae that senses low luminal pH and triggers qE in red algae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Fang
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dongyang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jingjing Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Axin He
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructures and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Zhu
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lijin Tian
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Photoprotective conformational dynamics of photosynthetic light-harvesting proteins. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOENERGETICS 2022; 1863:148543. [PMID: 35202576 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2022.148543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Under high light conditions, excess energy can damage the machinery of oxygenic photosynthesis. Plants have evolved a series of photoprotective processes, including conformational changes of the light-harvesting complexes that activate dissipation of energy as heat. In this mini-review, we will summarize our recent work developing and applying single-molecule methods to investigate the conformational states of the light-harvesting complexes. Through these measurements, we identified dissipative conformations and how they depend on conditions that mimic high light. Our studies revealed an equilibrium between the light-harvesting and dissipative conformations, and that the nature of the equilibrium varies with cellular environment, between proteins, and between species. Finally, we conclude with an outlook on open questions and implications for photosynthetic yields.
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Simkin AJ, Kapoor L, Doss CGP, Hofmann TA, Lawson T, Ramamoorthy S. The role of photosynthesis related pigments in light harvesting, photoprotection and enhancement of photosynthetic yield in planta. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2022; 152:23-42. [PMID: 35064531 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-021-00892-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthetic pigments are an integral and vital part of all photosynthetic machinery and are present in different types and abundances throughout the photosynthetic apparatus. Chlorophyll, carotenoids and phycobilins are the prime photosynthetic pigments which facilitate efficient light absorption in plants, algae, and cyanobacteria. The chlorophyll family plays a vital role in light harvesting by absorbing light at different wavelengths and allowing photosynthetic organisms to adapt to different environments, either in the long-term or during transient changes in light. Carotenoids play diverse roles in photosynthesis, including light capture and as crucial antioxidants to reduce photodamage and photoinhibition. In the marine habitat, phycobilins capture a wide spectrum of light and have allowed cyanobacteria and red algae to colonise deep waters where other frequencies of light are attenuated by the water column. In this review, we discuss the potential strategies that photosynthetic pigments provide, coupled with development of molecular biological techniques, to improve crop yields through enhanced light harvesting, increased photoprotection and improved photosynthetic efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Simkin
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7NJ, United Kingdom
| | - Leepica Kapoor
- School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - C George Priya Doss
- School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Tanja A Hofmann
- OSFC, Scrivener Drive, Pinewood, Ipswich, IP8 3SU, United Kingdom
| | - Tracy Lawson
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, United Kingdom
| | - Siva Ramamoorthy
- School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Structure of the stress-related LHCSR1 complex determined by an integrated computational strategy. Commun Biol 2022; 5:145. [PMID: 35177775 PMCID: PMC8854571 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03083-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Light-harvesting complexes (LHCs) are pigment-protein complexes whose main function is to capture sunlight and transfer the energy to reaction centers of photosystems. In response to varying light conditions, LH complexes also play photoregulation and photoprotection roles. In algae and mosses, a sub-family of LHCs, light-harvesting complex stress-related (LHCSR), is responsible for photoprotective quenching. Despite their functional and evolutionary importance, no direct structural information on LHCSRs is available that can explain their unique properties. In this work, we propose a structural model of LHCSR1 from the moss P. patens, obtained through an integrated computational strategy that combines homology modeling, molecular dynamics, and multiscale quantum chemical calculations. The model is validated by reproducing the spectral properties of LHCSR1. Our model reveals the structural specificity of LHCSR1, as compared with the CP29 LH complex, and poses the basis for understanding photoprotective quenching in mosses. The structure of the moss P. patens light-harvesting complex stress-related 1 (LHCSR1) is determined using a multi-scale computational approach for investigations of its photoprotective function.
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van den Berg TE, Croce R. The Loroxanthin Cycle: A New Type of Xanthophyll Cycle in Green Algae (Chlorophyta). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:797294. [PMID: 35251077 PMCID: PMC8891138 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.797294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Xanthophyll cycles (XC) have proven to be major contributors to photoacclimation for many organisms. This work describes a light-driven XC operating in the chlorophyte Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and involving the xanthophylls Lutein (L) and Loroxanthin (Lo). Pigments were quantified during a switch from high to low light (LL) and at different time points from cells grown in Day/Night cycle. Trimeric LHCII was purified from cells acclimated to high or LL and their pigment content and spectroscopic properties were characterized. The Lo/(L + Lo) ratio in the cells varies by a factor of 10 between cells grown in low or high light (HL) leading to a change in the Lo/(L + Lo) ratio in trimeric LHCII from .5 in low light to .07 in HL. Trimeric LhcbMs binding Loroxanthin have 5 ± 1% higher excitation energy (EE) transfer (EET) from carotenoid to Chlorophyll as well as higher thermo- and photostability than trimeric LhcbMs that only bind Lutein. The Loroxanthin cycle operates on long time scales (hours to days) and likely evolved as a shade adaptation. It has many similarities with the Lutein-epoxide - Lutein cycle (LLx) of plants.
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Giovagnetti V, Jaubert M, Shukla MK, Ungerer P, Bouly JP, Falciatore A, Ruban AV. Biochemical and molecular properties of LHCX1, the essential regulator of dynamic photoprotection in diatoms. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 188:509-525. [PMID: 34595530 PMCID: PMC8774712 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Light harvesting is regulated by a process triggered by the acidification of the thylakoid lumen, known as nonphotochemical "energy-dependent quenching" (qE). In diatoms, qE is controlled by the light-harvesting complex (LHC) protein LHCX1, while the LHC stress-related (LHCSR) and photosystem II subunit S proteins are essential for green algae and plants, respectively. Here, we report a biochemical and molecular characterization of LHCX1 to investigate its role in qE. We found that, when grown under intermittent light, Phaeodactylum tricornutum forms very large qE, due to LHCX1 constitutive upregulation. This "super qE" is abolished in LHCX1 knockout mutants. Biochemical and spectroscopic analyses of LHCX1 reveal that this protein might differ in the character of binding pigments relative to the major pool of light-harvesting antenna proteins. The possibility of transient pigment binding or not binding pigments at all is discussed. Targeted mutagenesis of putative protonatable residues (D95 and E205) in transgenic P. tricornutum lines does not alter qE capacity, showing that they are not involved in sensing lumen pH, differently from residues conserved in LHCSR3. Our results suggest functional divergence between LHCX1 and LHCSR3 in qE modulation. We propose that LHCX1 evolved independently to facilitate dynamic tracking of light fluctuations in turbulent waters. The evolution of LHCX(-like) proteins in organisms with secondary red plastids, such as diatoms, might have conferred a selective advantage in the control of dynamic photoprotection, ultimately resulting in their ecological success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasco Giovagnetti
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Marianne Jaubert
- Laboratoire de Biologie du Chloroplaste et Perception de la Lumière Chez les Micro-algues, UMR7141, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Paris 75005, France
| | - Mahendra K Shukla
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Petra Ungerer
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Jean-Pierre Bouly
- Laboratoire de Biologie du Chloroplaste et Perception de la Lumière Chez les Micro-algues, UMR7141, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Paris 75005, France
| | - Angela Falciatore
- Laboratoire de Biologie du Chloroplaste et Perception de la Lumière Chez les Micro-algues, UMR7141, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Paris 75005, France
| | - Alexander V Ruban
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
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Gao S, Pinnola A, Zhou L, Zheng Z, Li Z, Bassi R, Wang G. Light-harvesting complex stress-related proteins play crucial roles in the acclimation of Physcomitrella patens under fluctuating light conditions. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2022; 151:1-10. [PMID: 34468919 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-021-00874-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthetic organisms have evolved photoprotective mechanisms to acclimate to light intensity fluctuations in their natural growth environments. Photosystem (PS) II subunit S (PsbS) and light-harvesting complex (LHC) stress-related proteins (LhcSR) are essential for triggering photoprotection in vascular plants and green algae, respectively. The activity of both proteins is strongly enhanced in the moss Physcomitrella patens under high-light conditions. However, their role in regulating photosynthesis acclimation in P. patens under fluctuating light (FL) conditions is still unknown. Here, we compare the responses of wild-type (WT) P. patens and mutants lacking PsbS (psbs KO) or LhcSR1 and 2 (lhcsr KO) to FL conditions in which the low-light phases were periodically interrupted with high-light pulses. lhcsr KO mutant showed a strong reduction in growth with respect to WT and psbs KO under FL conditions. The lack of LhcSR not only decreased the level of non-photochemical quenching, resulting in an over-reduced plastoquinone pool, but also significantly increased the PSI acceptor limitation values with respect to WT and psbs KO under FL conditions. Moreover, in lhcsr KO mutant, the abundance of PSI core and PSI-LHCI complex decreased greatly under FL conditions compared with the WT and psbs KO. We proposed that LhcSR in P. patens play a crucial role in moss acclimation to dynamic light changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Gao
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Alberta Pinnola
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology 'L. Spallanzani'(DBB), University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Lu Zhou
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- College of Earth Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhenbing Zheng
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhuangyue Li
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA
| | - Roberto Bassi
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Guangce Wang
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.
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Couso I, Smythers AL, Ford MM, Umen JG, Crespo JL, Hicks LM. Inositol polyphosphates and target of rapamycin kinase signalling govern photosystem II protein phosphorylation and photosynthetic function under light stress in Chlamydomonas. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 232:2011-2025. [PMID: 34529857 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Stress and nutrient availability influence cell proliferation through complex intracellular signalling networks. In a previous study it was found that pyro-inositol polyphosphates (InsP7 and InsP8 ) produced by VIP1 kinase, and target of rapamycin (TOR) kinase signalling interacted synergistically to control cell growth and lipid metabolism in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. However, the relationship between InsPs and TOR was not completely elucidated. We used an in vivo assay for TOR activity together with global proteomic and phosphoproteomic analyses to assess differences between wild-type and vip1-1 in the presence and absence of rapamycin. We found that TOR signalling is more severely affected by the inhibitor rapamycin in a vip1-1 mutant compared with wild-type, indicating that InsP7 and InsP8 produced by VIP1 act independently but also coordinately with TOR. Additionally, among hundreds of differentially phosphorylated peptides detected, an enrichment for photosynthesis-related proteins was observed, particularly photosystem II proteins. The significance of these results was underscored by the finding that vip1-1 strains show multiple defects in photosynthetic physiology that were exacerbated under high light conditions. These results suggest a novel role for inositol pyrophosphates and TOR signalling in coordinating photosystem phosphorylation patterns in Chlamydomonas cells in response to light stress and possibly other stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inmaculada Couso
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Américo Vespucio, 49, Sevilla, 41092, Spain
| | - Amanda L Smythers
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Megan M Ford
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - James G Umen
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St Louis, MO, 63132, USA
| | - José L Crespo
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Américo Vespucio, 49, Sevilla, 41092, Spain
| | - Leslie M Hicks
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
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43
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Buck JM, Kroth PG, Lepetit B. Identification of sequence motifs in Lhcx proteins that confer qE-based photoprotection in the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 108:1721-1734. [PMID: 34651379 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthetic organisms in nature often experience light fluctuations. While low light conditions limit the energy uptake by algae, light absorption exceeding the maximal rate of photosynthesis may go along with enhanced formation of potentially toxic reactive oxygen species. To preempt high light-induced photodamage, photosynthetic organisms evolved numerous photoprotective mechanisms. Among these, energy-dependent fluorescence quenching (qE) provides a rapid mechanism to dissipate thermally the excessively absorbed energy. Diatoms thrive in all aquatic environments and thus belong to the most important primary producers on earth. qE in diatoms is provided by a concerted action of Lhcx proteins and the xanthophyll cycle pigment diatoxanthin. While the exact Lhcx activation mechanism of diatom qE is unknown, two lumen-exposed acidic amino acids within Lhcx proteins were proposed to function as regulatory switches upon light-induced lumenal acidification. By introducing a modified Lhcx1 lacking these amino acids into a Phaeodactylum tricornutum Lhcx1-null qE knockout line, we demonstrate that qE is unaffected by these two amino acids. Based on sequence comparisons with Lhcx4, being incapable of providing qE, we perform domain swap experiments of Lhcx4 with Lhcx1 and identify two peptide motifs involved in conferring qE. Within one of these motifs, we identify a tryptophan residue with a major influence on qE establishment. This tryptophan residue is located in close proximity to the diadinoxanthin/diatoxanthin-binding site based on the recently revealed diatom Lhc crystal structure. Our findings provide a structural explanation for the intimate link of Lhcx and diatoxanthin in providing qE in diatoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jochen M Buck
- Plant Ecophysiology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, 78457, Germany
| | - Peter G Kroth
- Plant Ecophysiology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, 78457, Germany
| | - Bernard Lepetit
- Plant Ecophysiology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, 78457, Germany
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44
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Phenoplate: An innovative method for assessing interacting effects of temperature and light on non-photochemical quenching in microalgae under chemical stress. N Biotechnol 2021; 66:89-96. [PMID: 34715374 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2021.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Rapid light curves are one of the most widely used methods for assessing the physiological state of photosynthetic organisms. While the method has been applied in a range of physiological studies over the last 20 years, little progress has been made in adapting it for the new age of multi-parametric phenotyping. In order to advance research that is aimed at evaluating the physiological impact of multiple factors, the Phenoplate was developed: a simultaneous assessment of temperature and light gradients. It was used to measure rapid light curves of three marine microalgae across a temperature gradient and altered phosphate availability. The results revealed that activation of photoprotective mechanisms occurred with high efficiency at lower temperatures, and relaxation of photoprotection was negatively impacted above a certain temperature threshold in Tetraselmis sp. It was observed that Thalassiosira pseudonana and Nannochloropsis oceanica exhibited two unique delayed non-photochemical quenching signatures: in combinations of low light with low temperature, and darkness with high temperature, respectively. These findings demonstrate that the Phenoplate approach can be used as a rapid and simple tool to gain insight into the photobiology of microalgae.
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45
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Longoni FP, Goldschmidt-Clermont M. Thylakoid Protein Phosphorylation in Chloroplasts. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 62:1094-1107. [PMID: 33768241 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcab043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Because of their abundance and extensive phosphorylation, numerous thylakoid proteins stand out amongst the phosphoproteins of plants and algae. In particular, subunits of light-harvesting complex II (LHCII) and of photosystem II (PSII) are dynamically phosphorylated and dephosphorylated in response to light conditions and metabolic demands. These phosphorylations are controlled by evolutionarily conserved thylakoid protein kinases and counteracting protein phosphatases, which have distinct but partially overlapping substrate specificities. The best characterized are the kinases STATE TRANSITION 7 (STN7/STT7) and STATE TRANSITION 8 (STN8), and the antagonistic phosphatases PROTEIN PHOSPHATASE 1/THYLAKOID-ASSOCIATED PHOSPHATASE 38 (PPH1/TAP38) and PHOTOSYSTEM II CORE PHOSPHATASE (PBCP). The phosphorylation of LHCII is mainly governed by STN7 and PPH1/TAP38 in plants. LHCII phosphorylation is essential for state transitions, a regulatory feedback mechanism that controls the allocation of this antenna to either PSII or PSI, and thus maintains the redox balance of the electron transfer chain. Phosphorylation of several core subunits of PSII, regulated mainly by STN8 and PBCP, correlates with changes in thylakoid architecture, the repair cycle of PSII after photodamage as well as regulation of light harvesting and of alternative routes of photosynthetic electron transfer. Other kinases, such as the PLASTID CASEIN KINASE II (pCKII), also intervene in thylakoid protein phosphorylation and take part in the chloroplast kinase network. While some features of thylakoid phosphorylation were conserved through the evolution of photosynthetic eukaryotes, others have diverged in different lineages possibly as a result of their adaptation to varied environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiamma Paolo Longoni
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel 2000, Switzerland
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46
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Cecchin M, Paloschi M, Busnardo G, Cazzaniga S, Cuine S, Li‐Beisson Y, Wobbe L, Ballottari M. CO 2 supply modulates lipid remodelling, photosynthetic and respiratory activities in Chlorella species. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:2987-3001. [PMID: 33931891 PMCID: PMC8453743 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae represent a potential solution to reduce CO2 emission exploiting their photosynthetic activity. Here, the physiologic and metabolic responses at the base of CO2 assimilation were investigated in conditions of high or low CO2 availability in two of the most promising algae species for industrial cultivation, Chlorella sorokiniana and Chlorella vulgaris. In both species, high CO2 availability increased biomass accumulation with specific increase of triacylglycerols in C. vulgaris and polar lipids and proteins in C. sorokiniana. Moreover, high CO2 availability caused only in C. vulgaris a reduced NAD(P)H/NADP+ ratio and reduced mitochondrial respiration, suggesting a CO2 dependent increase of reducing power consumption in the chloroplast, which in turn influences the redox state of the mitochondria. Several rearrangements of the photosynthetic machinery were observed in both species, differing from those described for the model organism Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, where adaptation to carbon availability is mainly controlled by the translational repressor NAB1. NAB1 homologous protein could be identified only in C. vulgaris but lacked the regulation mechanisms previously described in C. reinhardtii. Acclimation strategies to cope with a fluctuating inorganic carbon supply are thus diverse among green microalgae, and these results suggest new biotechnological strategies to boost CO2 fixation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Cecchin
- Dipartimento di BiotecnologieUniversità di VeronaVeronaItaly
| | - Matteo Paloschi
- Dipartimento di BiotecnologieUniversità di VeronaVeronaItaly
| | | | | | - Stephan Cuine
- Aix‐Marseille Univ., CEA, CNRSInstitute of Biosciences and Biotechnologies of Aix‐Marseille, UMR7265, CEA CadaracheSaint‐Paul‐lez DuranceFrance
| | - Yonghua Li‐Beisson
- Aix‐Marseille Univ., CEA, CNRSInstitute of Biosciences and Biotechnologies of Aix‐Marseille, UMR7265, CEA CadaracheSaint‐Paul‐lez DuranceFrance
| | - Lutz Wobbe
- Bielefeld UniversityCenter for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Faculty of BiologyBielefeldGermany
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47
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Camargo FA, Perozeni F, Valbuena GDLC, Zuliani L, Sardar S, Cerullo G, D’Andrea C, Ballottari M. The Role of Acidic Residues in the C Terminal Tail of the LHCSR3 Protein of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii in Non-Photochemical Quenching. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:6895-6900. [PMID: 34279961 PMCID: PMC8327309 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c01382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Light-harvesting complex stress-related (LHCSR) proteins in green algae are essential for photoprotection via a non-photochemical quenching (NPQ), playing the dual roles of pH sensing and dissipation of chlorophylls excited-state energy. pH sensing occurs via a protonation of acidic residues located mainly on its lumen-exposed C-terminus. Here, we combine in vivo and in vitro studies to ascertain the role in NPQ of these protonatable C-terminal residues in LHCSR3 from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. In vivo studies show that four of the residues, D239, D240, E242, and D244, are not involved in NPQ. In vitro experiments on an LHCSR3 chimeric protein, obtained by a substitution of the C terminal with that of another LHC protein lacking acidic residues, show a reduction of NPQ compared to the wild type but preserve the quenching mechanism involving a charge transfer from carotenoids to chlorophylls. NPQ in LHCSR3 is thus a complex mechanism, composed of multiple contributions triggered by different acidic residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franco
V. A. Camargo
- IFN-CNR,
Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Federico Perozeni
- Dipartimento
di Biotecnologie, Università di Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | | | - Luca Zuliani
- Dipartimento
di Biotecnologie, Università di Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Samim Sardar
- Istituto
Italiano di Tecnologia, Center for Nano
Science and Technology, via Pascoli 70/3, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Giulio Cerullo
- IFN-CNR,
Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Cosimo D’Andrea
- IFN-CNR,
Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Istituto
Italiano di Tecnologia, Center for Nano
Science and Technology, via Pascoli 70/3, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Matteo Ballottari
- Dipartimento
di Biotecnologie, Università di Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
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48
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Bassi R, Dall'Osto L. Dissipation of Light Energy Absorbed in Excess: The Molecular Mechanisms. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 72:47-76. [PMID: 34143647 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-071720-015522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Light is essential for photosynthesis. Nevertheless, its intensity widely changes depending on time of day, weather, season, and localization of individual leaves within canopies. This variability means that light collected by the light-harvesting system is often in excess with respect to photon fluence or spectral quality in the context of the capacity of photosynthetic metabolism to use ATP and reductants produced from the light reactions. Absorption of excess light can lead to increased production of excited, highly reactive intermediates, which expose photosynthetic organisms to serious risks of oxidative damage. Prevention and management of such stress are performed by photoprotective mechanisms, which operate by cutting down light absorption, limiting the generation of redox-active molecules, or scavenging reactive oxygen species that are released despite the operation of preventive mechanisms. Here, we describe the major physiological and molecular mechanisms of photoprotection involved in the harmless removal of the excess light energy absorbed by green algae and land plants. In vivo analyses of mutants targeting photosynthetic components and the enhanced resolution of spectroscopic techniques have highlighted specific mechanisms protecting the photosynthetic apparatus from overexcitation. Recent findings unveil a network of multiple interacting elements, the reaction times of which vary from a millisecond to weeks, that continuously maintain photosynthetic organisms within the narrow safety range between efficient light harvesting and photoprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Bassi
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy;
| | - Luca Dall'Osto
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy;
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49
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Bag P. Light Harvesting in Fluctuating Environments: Evolution and Function of Antenna Proteins across Photosynthetic Lineage. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:1184. [PMID: 34200788 PMCID: PMC8230411 DOI: 10.3390/plants10061184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthesis is the major natural process that can harvest and harness solar energy into chemical energy. Photosynthesis is performed by a vast number of organisms from single cellular bacteria to higher plants and to make the process efficient, all photosynthetic organisms possess a special type of pigment protein complex(es) that is (are) capable of trapping light energy, known as photosynthetic light-harvesting antennae. From an evolutionary point of view, simpler (unicellular) organisms typically have a simple antenna, whereas higher plants possess complex antenna systems. The higher complexity of the antenna systems provides efficient fine tuning of photosynthesis. This relationship between the complexity of the antenna and the increasing complexity of the organism is mainly related to the remarkable acclimation capability of complex organisms under fluctuating environmental conditions. These antenna complexes not only harvest light, but also provide photoprotection under fluctuating light conditions. In this review, the evolution, structure, and function of different antenna complexes, from single cellular organisms to higher plants, are discussed in the context of the ability to acclimate and adapt to cope under fluctuating environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pushan Bag
- Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, UPSC, Umeå University, 90736 Umeå, Sweden
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50
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Fernández-Marín B, Roach T, Verhoeven A, García-Plazaola JI. Shedding light on the dark side of xanthophyll cycles. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 230:1336-1344. [PMID: 33452715 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Xanthophyll cycles are broadly important in photoprotection, and the reversible de-epoxidation of xanthophylls typically occurs in excess light conditions. However, as presented in this review, compiling evidence in a wide range of photosynthetic eukaryotes shows that xanthophyll de-epoxidation also occurs under diverse abiotic stress conditions in darkness. Light-driven photochemistry usually leads to the pH changes that activate de-epoxidases (e.g. violaxanthin de-epoxidase), but in darkness alternative electron transport pathways and luminal domains enriched in monogalactosyl diacyl glycerol (which enhance de-epoxidase activity) likely enable de-epoxidation. Another 'dark side' to sustaining xanthophyll de-epoxidation is inactivation and/or degradation of epoxidases (e.g. zeaxanthin epoxidase). There are obvious benefits of such activity regarding stress tolerance, and indeed this phenomenon has only been reported in stressful conditions. However, more research is required to unravel the mechanisms and understand the physiological roles of dark-induced formation of zeaxanthin. Notably, the de-epoxidation of violaxanthin to antheraxanthin and zeaxanthin in darkness is still a frequently ignored process, perhaps because it questions a previous paradigm. With that in mind, this review seeks to shed some light on the dark side of xanthophyll de-epoxidation, and point out areas for future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Fernández-Marín
- Department of Botany, Ecology and Plant Physiology, University of La Laguna (ULL), Tenerife, 38200, Spain
| | - Thomas Roach
- Department of Botany, University of Innsbruck and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), Sternwartestrasse 15, Innsbruck, 6020, Austria
| | - Amy Verhoeven
- Department of Biology, University of St Thomas, 2115 Summit Ave, St Paul, MN, 55105, USA
| | - José Ignacio García-Plazaola
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, Leioa, 48940, Spain
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