1
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Dong Y, Wang X, Wei L, Liu Z, Chu X, Xiong W, Liu W, Li X. The Effectiveness of Four Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD +) Precursors in Alleviating the High-Glucose-Induced Damage to Hepatocytes in Megalobrama amblycephala: Evidence in NAD + Homeostasis, Sirt1/3 Activation, Redox Defense, Inflammatory Response, Apoptosis, and Glucose Metabolism. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:385. [PMID: 38671834 PMCID: PMC11047577 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13040385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The administration of NAD+ precursors is a potential approach to protect against liver damage and metabolic dysfunction. However, the effectiveness of different NAD+ precursors in alleviating metabolic disorders is still poorly elucidated. The current study was performed to compare the effectiveness of four different NAD+ precursors, including nicotinic acid (NA), niacinamide (NAM), nicotinamide riboside (NR), and nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) in alleviating high-glucose-induced injury to hepatocytes in a fish model, Megalobrama amblycephala. An in vitro high-glucose model was successfully established to mimic hyperglycemia-induced damage to the liver, which was evidenced by the reduced cell viability, the increased transaminase activity, and the depletion of cellular NAD+ concentration. The NAD+ precursors all improved cell viability, with the maximal effect observed in NR, which also had the most potent NAD+ boosting capacity and a significant Sirt1/3 activation effect. Meanwhile, NR presented distinct and superior effects in terms of anti-oxidative stress, inflammation inhibition, and anti-apoptosis compared with NA, NAM, and NMN. Furthermore, NR could effectively benefit glucose metabolism by activating glucose transportation, glycolysis, glycogen synthesis and the pentose phosphate pathway, as well as inhibiting gluconeogenesis. Moreover, an oral gavage test confirmed that NR presented the most potent effect in increasing hepatic NAD+ content and the NAD+/NADH ratio among four NAD+ precursors. Together, the present study results demonstrated that NR is most effective in attenuating the high-glucose-induced injury to hepatocytes in fish compared to other NAD+ precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xiangfei Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing 210095, China
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2
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Sanni O, Fasemore T, Nkomozepi P. Non-Genetic-Induced Zebrafish Model for Type 2 Diabetes with Emphasis on Tools in Model Validation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:240. [PMID: 38203409 PMCID: PMC10778736 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The unrelenting increase in the incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) necessitates the urgent need for effective animal models to mimic its pathophysiology. Zebrafish possess human-like metabolic traits and share significant genetic similarities, making them valuable candidates for studying metabolic disorders, including T2D. This review emphasizes the critical role of animal models in diabetes research, especially focusing on zebrafish as an alternative model organism. Different approaches to a non-genetic model of T2D in zebrafish, such as the glucose solution, diet-induced, chemical-induced, and combined diet-induced and glucose solution methods, with an emphasis on model validation using indicators of T2D, were highlighted. However, a significant drawback lies in the validation of these models. Some of these models have not extensively demonstrated persistent hyperglycemia or response to insulin resistance and glucose tolerance tests, depicted the morphology of the pancreatic β-cell, or showed their response to antidiabetic drugs. These tools are crucial in T2D pathology. Future research on non-genetic models of T2D in zebrafish must extensively focus on validating the metabolic deficits existing in the model with the same metabolic defects in humans and improve on the existing models for a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying T2D and exploring potential therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olakunle Sanni
- Department of Human Anatomy and Physiology, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa; (T.F.); (P.N.)
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3
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Reshma A, Tamilanban T, Chitra V, Subramaniyan V, Gupta G, Fuloria NK, Sekar M, Fuloria S, Sahu R, Narayanan J, Chakravarthy S, Selvaraj S. Anti-obesity effects of olivetol in adult zebrafish model induced by short-term high-fat diet. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18449. [PMID: 37891223 PMCID: PMC10611697 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44462-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a complex disease caused by various factors, and synthetic drugs used to treat it can have side effects. Natural compounds, such as olivetol, could be a promising alternative. Olivetol is a substance found in certain lichen species and has anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties. In this study, researchers conducted in-silico molecular docking studies and found that olivetol had significant binding affinity with receptors involved in obesity. They also investigated the effects of olivetol on a diet-induced obese zebrafish model and found that high doses of olivetol reduced excessive fat accumulation and triglyceride and lipid accumulation. The low dose of olivetol showed a significant reduction in liver enzymes' levels. However, the high dose of olivetol resulted in a significant increase in HMG-CoA levels. These results suggest that olivetol may be a promising anti-obesity agent for the treatment of hyperlipidemia-related disorders, but further research is necessary to understand its full effects on the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andukuri Reshma
- Department of Pharmacology, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
| | - T Tamilanban
- Department of Pharmacology, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India.
| | - V Chitra
- Department of Pharmacology, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
| | - Vetriselvan Subramaniyan
- Pharmacology Unit, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
- Centre for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha University, Chennai, 602105, India.
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- School of Pharmacy, Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun, 248007, India
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jagatpura, Jaipur, 302017, India
| | | | - Mahendran Sekar
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia , Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Shivkanya Fuloria
- Faculty of Pharmacy, AIMST University, 08100, Bedong, Kedah, Malaysia
| | | | - J Narayanan
- Department of Pharmacology, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
| | - Srikumar Chakravarthy
- SEGi University, Jalan Teknologi, Taman Sains Selangor, Kota Damansara, PJU 5, 47810, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
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4
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Lopez-Ortiz C, Gracia-Rodriguez C, Belcher S, Flores-Iga G, Das A, Nimmakayala P, Balagurusamy N, Reddy UK. Drosophila melanogaster as a Translational Model System to Explore the Impact of Phytochemicals on Human Health. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13365. [PMID: 37686177 PMCID: PMC10487418 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Fruits, vegetables, and spices are natural sources of bioactive phytochemicals, such as polyphenols, carotenoids, flavonoids, curcuminoids, terpenoids, and capsaicinoids, possessing multiple health benefits and relatively low toxicity. These compounds found in the diet play a central role in organism development and fitness. Given the complexity of the whole-body response to dietary changes, invertebrate model organisms can be valuable tools to examine the interplay between genes, signaling pathways, and metabolism. Drosophila melanogaster, an invertebrate model with its extensively studied genome, has more than 70% gene homology to humans and has been used as a model system in biological studies for a long time. The notable advantages of Drosophila as a model system, such as their low maintenance cost, high reproductive rate, short generation time and lifespan, and the high similarity of metabolic pathways between Drosophila and mammals, have encouraged the use of Drosophila in the context of screening and evaluating the impact of phytochemicals present in the diet. Here, we review the benefits of Drosophila as a model system for use in the study of phytochemical ingestion and describe the previously reported effects of phytochemical consumption in Drosophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Lopez-Ortiz
- Department of Biology, Gus R. Douglass Institute, West Virginia State University, Institute, WV 25112-1000, USA; (C.L.-O.); (C.G.-R.); (S.B.); (G.F.-I.); (A.D.); (P.N.)
| | - Celeste Gracia-Rodriguez
- Department of Biology, Gus R. Douglass Institute, West Virginia State University, Institute, WV 25112-1000, USA; (C.L.-O.); (C.G.-R.); (S.B.); (G.F.-I.); (A.D.); (P.N.)
- Laboratorio de Biorremediación, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Torreón 27275, Coahuila, Mexico;
| | - Samantha Belcher
- Department of Biology, Gus R. Douglass Institute, West Virginia State University, Institute, WV 25112-1000, USA; (C.L.-O.); (C.G.-R.); (S.B.); (G.F.-I.); (A.D.); (P.N.)
| | - Gerardo Flores-Iga
- Department of Biology, Gus R. Douglass Institute, West Virginia State University, Institute, WV 25112-1000, USA; (C.L.-O.); (C.G.-R.); (S.B.); (G.F.-I.); (A.D.); (P.N.)
- Laboratorio de Biorremediación, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Torreón 27275, Coahuila, Mexico;
| | - Amartya Das
- Department of Biology, Gus R. Douglass Institute, West Virginia State University, Institute, WV 25112-1000, USA; (C.L.-O.); (C.G.-R.); (S.B.); (G.F.-I.); (A.D.); (P.N.)
| | - Padma Nimmakayala
- Department of Biology, Gus R. Douglass Institute, West Virginia State University, Institute, WV 25112-1000, USA; (C.L.-O.); (C.G.-R.); (S.B.); (G.F.-I.); (A.D.); (P.N.)
| | - Nagamani Balagurusamy
- Laboratorio de Biorremediación, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Torreón 27275, Coahuila, Mexico;
| | - Umesh K. Reddy
- Department of Biology, Gus R. Douglass Institute, West Virginia State University, Institute, WV 25112-1000, USA; (C.L.-O.); (C.G.-R.); (S.B.); (G.F.-I.); (A.D.); (P.N.)
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5
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Zhong S, Chen L, Li X, Wang X, Ji G, Sun C, Liu Z. Bmp8a deletion leads to obesity through regulation of lipid metabolism and adipocyte differentiation. Commun Biol 2023; 6:824. [PMID: 37553521 PMCID: PMC10409762 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05194-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) in regulating adipose has recently become a field of interest. However, the underlying mechanism of this effect has not been elucidated. Here we show that the anti-fat effect of Bmp8a is mediated by promoting fatty acid oxidation and inhibiting adipocyte differentiation. Knocking out the bmp8a gene in zebrafish results in weight gain, fatty liver, and increased fat production. The bmp8a-/- zebrafish exhibits decreased phosphorylation levels of AMPK and ACC in the liver and adipose tissues, indicating reduced fatty acid oxidation. Also, Bmp8a inhibits the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes into mature adipocytes by activating the Smad2/3 signaling pathway, in which Smad2/3 binds to the central adipogenic factor PPARγ promoter to inhibit its transcription. In addition, lentivirus-mediated overexpression of Bmp8a in 3T3-L1 cells significantly increases NOD-like receptor, TNF, and NF-κB signaling pathways. Furthermore, NF-κB interacts with PPARγ, blocking PPARγ's activation of its target gene Fabp4, thereby inhibiting adipocyte differentiation. These data bring a signal bridge between immune regulation and adipocyte differentiation. Collectively, our findings indicate that Bmp8a plays a critical role in regulating lipid metabolism and adipogenesis, potentially providing a therapeutic approach for obesity and its comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenjie Zhong
- College of Marine Life Science and Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Lihui Chen
- College of Marine Life Science and Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Xinyi Li
- College of Marine Life Science and Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Xinyuan Wang
- College of Marine Life Science and Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Guangdong Ji
- College of Marine Life Science and Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Chen Sun
- College of Marine Life Science and Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266003, China.
| | - Zhenhui Liu
- College of Marine Life Science and Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266003, China.
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6
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Zhao T, Wang M, Li Z, Li H, Yuan D, Zhang X, Guo M, Qian W, Cheng D. Wds-Mediated H3K4me3 Modification Regulates Lipid Synthesis and Transport in Drosophila. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076125. [PMID: 37047100 PMCID: PMC10093852 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid homeostasis is essential for insect growth and development. The complex of proteins associated with Set 1 (COMPASS)-catalyzed Histone 3 lysine 4 trimethylation (H3K4me3) epigenetically activates gene transcription and is involved in various biological processes, but the role and molecular mechanism of H3K4me3 modification in lipid homeostasis remains largely unknown. In the present study, we showed in Drosophila that fat body-specific knockdown of will die slowly (Wds) as one of the COMPASS complex components caused a decrease in lipid droplet (LD) size and triglyceride (TG) levels. Mechanistically, Wds-mediated H3K4me3 modification in the fat body targeted several lipogenic genes involved in lipid synthesis and the Lpp gene associated with lipid transport to promote their expressions; the transcription factor heat shock factor (Hsf) could interact with Wds to modulate H3K4me3 modification within the promoters of these targets; and fat body-specific knockdown of Hsf phenocopied the effects of Wds knockdown on lipid homeostasis in the fat body. Moreover, fat body-specific knockdown of Wds or Hsf reduced high-fat diet (HFD)-induced oversized LDs and high TG levels. Altogether, our study reveals that Wds-mediated H3K4me3 modification is required for lipid homeostasis during Drosophila development and provides novel insights into the epigenetic regulation of insect lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tujing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Min Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Zheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Hao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Dongqin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xing Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Mengge Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Wenliang Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Daojun Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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7
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Liao WN, You MS, Ulhaq ZS, Li JP, Jiang YJ, Chen JK, Tse WKF. Micro-CT analysis reveals the changes in bone mineral density in zebrafish craniofacial skeleton with age. J Anat 2023; 242:544-551. [PMID: 36256534 PMCID: PMC9919479 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone has multiple functions in animals, such as supporting the body for mobility. The zebrafish skeleton is composed of craniofacial and axial skeletons. It shares a physiological curvature and consists of a similar number of vertebrae as humans. Bone degeneration and malformations have been widely studied in zebrafish as human disease models. High-resolution imaging and different bone properties such as density and volume can be obtained using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). This study aimed to understand the possible changes in the structure and bone mineral density (BMD) of the vertebrae and craniofacial skeleton with age (4, 12 and 24 months post fertilisation [mpf]) in zebrafish. Our data showed that the BMD in the vertebrae and specific craniofacial skeleton (mandibular arch, ceratohyal and ethmoid plate) of 12 and 24 mpf fish were higher than that of the 4 mpf fish. In addition, we found the age-dependent increase in BMD was not ubiquitously observed in facial bones, and such differences were not correlated with bone type. In summary, such additional information on the craniofacial skeleton could help in understanding bone development throughout the lifespan of zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Neng Liao
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - May-Su You
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Zulvikar Syambani Ulhaq
- Laboratory of Developmental Disorders and Toxicology, Center for Promotion of International Education and Research, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,National Research and Innovation Agency, Republic of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.,Department of Biochemistry, Maulana Malik Ibrahim State Islamic University, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Jui-Ping Li
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Jin Jiang
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan.,Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Kun Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan.,Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, Taiwan.,Graduated Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - William Ka Fai Tse
- Laboratory of Developmental Disorders and Toxicology, Center for Promotion of International Education and Research, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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8
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Anwer H, O'Dea RE, Mason D, Zajitschek S, Klinke A, Reid M, Hesselson D, Noble DWA, Morris MJ, Lagisz M, Nakagawa S. The effects of an obesogenic diet on behavior and cognition in zebrafish (
Danio rerio
): Trait average, variability, repeatability, and behavioral syndromes. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e9511. [DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hamza Anwer
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales Australia
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division Garvan Institute of Medical Research Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Rose E. O'Dea
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Dominic Mason
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales Australia
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division Garvan Institute of Medical Research Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Susanne Zajitschek
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales Australia
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division Garvan Institute of Medical Research Sydney New South Wales Australia
- Liverpool John Moores University School of Biological and Environmental Sciences Liverpool UK
| | - Annabell Klinke
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Madeleine Reid
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division Garvan Institute of Medical Research Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Daniel Hesselson
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division Garvan Institute of Medical Research Sydney New South Wales Australia
- Centenary Institute and Faculty of Medicine and Health University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Daniel W. A. Noble
- Division of Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology The Australian National University Canberra Australian Capital Territory Australia
| | - Margaret J. Morris
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Malgorzata Lagisz
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales Australia
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division Garvan Institute of Medical Research Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Shinichi Nakagawa
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales Australia
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division Garvan Institute of Medical Research Sydney New South Wales Australia
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9
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Drosophila transcription factor NF-Y suppresses transcription of the lipase 4 gene, a key gene for lipid storage. Exp Cell Res 2022; 420:113307. [PMID: 36028059 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2022.113307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The CCAAT motif-binding factor NF-Y consists of three different subunits, NF-YA, NF-YB, and NF-YC. Although it is suggested that NF-Y activity is essential for normal tissue homeostasis, survival, and metabolic function, its precise role in lipid metabolism is not clarified yet. In Drosophila, eye disc specific knockdown of Drosophila NF-YA (dNF-YA) induced aberrant morphology of the compound eye, the rough eye phenotype in adults and mutation of the lipase 4 (lip4) gene suppressed the rough eye phenotype. RNA-seq analyses with dNF-YA knockdown third instar larvae identified the lip4 gene as one of the genes that are up-regulated by the dNF-YA knockdown. We identified three dNF-Y-binding consensuses in the 5'flanking region of the lip4 gene, and a chromatin immunoprecipitation assay with the specific anti-dNF-YA IgG demonstrated dNF-Y binding to this genomic region. The luciferase transient expression assay with cultured Drosophila S2 cells and the lip4 promoter-luciferase fusion genes with and without mutations in the dNF-Y-binding consensuses showed that each of the three dNF-Y consensus sequences negatively regulated lip4 gene promoter activity. Consistent with these results, qRT-PCR analysis with the dNF-YA knockdown third instar larvae revealed that endogenous lip4 mRNA levels were increased by the knockdown of dNF-YA in vivo. The specific knockdown of dNF-YA in the fat body with the collagen-GAL4 driver resulted in smaller oil droplets in the fat body cells. Collectively, these results suggest that dNF-Y is involved in lipid storage through its negative regulation of lip4 gene transcription.
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10
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Dong Y, Yu M, Wu Y, Xia T, Wang L, Song K, Zhang C, Lu K, Rahimnejad S. Hydroxytyrosol Promotes the Mitochondrial Function through Activating Mitophagy. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:893. [PMID: 35624756 PMCID: PMC9138034 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11050893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that mitochondrial dysfunction mediates the pathogenesis for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Hydroxytyrosol (HT) is a key component of extra virgin olive oil which can exert beneficial effects on NAFLD through modulating mitochondria. However, the mechanism of the impacts of HT still remains elusive. Thus, an in vivo and a series of in vitro experiments were carried out to examine the impacts of hydroxytyrosol (HT) on lipid metabolism and mitochondrial function in fish. For the in vivo experiment, two diets were produced to contain 10% and 16% fat as normal-fat and high-fat diets (NFD and HFD) and two additional diets were prepared by supplementing 200 mg/kg of HT to the NFD and HFD. The test diets were fed to triplicate groups of spotted seabass (Lateolabrax maculatus) juveniles for 8 weeks. The results showed that feeding HFD leads to increased fat deposition in the liver and induces oxidative stress, both of which were ameliorated by HT application. Furthermore, transmission electron microscopy revealed that HFD destroyed mitochondrial cristae and matrix and induced severe hydropic phenotype, while HT administration relieved these alterations. The results of in vitro studies using zebrafish liver cell line (ZFL) showed that HT promotes mitochondrial function and activates PINK1-mediated mitophagy. These beneficial effects of HT disappeared when the cells were treated with cyclosporin A (Csa) as a mitophagy inhibitor. Moreover, the PINK1-mediated mitophagy activation by HT was blocked when compound C (CC) was used as an AMPK inhibitor. In conclusion, our findings demonstrated that HT alleviates fat accumulation, oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, and its effects are deemed to be mediated via activating mitophagy through the AMPK/PINK1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzou Dong
- Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; (Y.D.); (M.Y.); (T.X.); (L.W.); (K.S.); (C.Z.)
| | - Manhan Yu
- Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; (Y.D.); (M.Y.); (T.X.); (L.W.); (K.S.); (C.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Swine Nutrition and Feed Science of Fujian Province, Fujian Aonong Biological Science and Technology Group Co., Ltd., Zhangzhou 363000, China;
| | - Youlin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Swine Nutrition and Feed Science of Fujian Province, Fujian Aonong Biological Science and Technology Group Co., Ltd., Zhangzhou 363000, China;
| | - Tian Xia
- Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; (Y.D.); (M.Y.); (T.X.); (L.W.); (K.S.); (C.Z.)
| | - Ling Wang
- Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; (Y.D.); (M.Y.); (T.X.); (L.W.); (K.S.); (C.Z.)
| | - Kai Song
- Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; (Y.D.); (M.Y.); (T.X.); (L.W.); (K.S.); (C.Z.)
| | - Chunxiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; (Y.D.); (M.Y.); (T.X.); (L.W.); (K.S.); (C.Z.)
| | - Kangle Lu
- Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; (Y.D.); (M.Y.); (T.X.); (L.W.); (K.S.); (C.Z.)
| | - Samad Rahimnejad
- South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Zatisi 728/II, 389 25 Vodnany, Czech Republic;
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11
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Kassotis CD, Vom Saal FS, Babin PJ, Lagadic-Gossmann D, Le Mentec H, Blumberg B, Mohajer N, Legrand A, Munic Kos V, Martin-Chouly C, Podechard N, Langouët S, Touma C, Barouki R, Ji Kim M, Audouze K, Choudhury M, Shree N, Bansal A, Howard S, Heindel JJ. Obesity III: Obesogen assays: Limitations, strengths, and new directions. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 199:115014. [PMID: 35393121 PMCID: PMC9050906 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence of a role for environmental contaminants in disrupting metabolic health in both humans and animals. Despite a growing need for well-understood models for evaluating adipogenic and potential obesogenic contaminants, there has been a reliance on decades-old in vitro models that have not been appropriately managed by cell line providers. There has been a quick rise in available in vitro models in the last ten years, including commercial availability of human mesenchymal stem cell and preadipocyte models; these models require more comprehensive validation but demonstrate real promise in improved translation to human metabolic health. There is also progress in developing three-dimensional and co-culture techniques that allow for the interrogation of a more physiologically relevant state. While diverse rodent models exist for evaluating putative obesogenic and/or adipogenic chemicals in a physiologically relevant context, increasing capabilities have been identified for alternative model organisms such as Drosophila, C. elegans, zebrafish, and medaka in metabolic health testing. These models have several appreciable advantages, including most notably their size, rapid development, large brood sizes, and ease of high-resolution lipid accumulation imaging throughout the organisms. They are anticipated to expand the capabilities of metabolic health research, particularly when coupled with emerging obesogen evaluation techniques as described herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D Kassotis
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, United States.
| | - Frederick S Vom Saal
- Division of Biological Sciences, The University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States
| | - Patrick J Babin
- Department of Life and Health Sciences, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Pessac, France
| | - Dominique Lagadic-Gossmann
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Research Institute for Environmental and Occupational Health) - UMR_S 1085, 35 000 Rennes, France
| | - Helene Le Mentec
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Research Institute for Environmental and Occupational Health) - UMR_S 1085, 35 000 Rennes, France
| | - Bruce Blumberg
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, The University of California, Irvine, Irvine CA 92697, United States
| | - Nicole Mohajer
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, The University of California, Irvine, Irvine CA 92697, United States
| | - Antoine Legrand
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Research Institute for Environmental and Occupational Health) - UMR_S 1085, 35 000 Rennes, France
| | - Vesna Munic Kos
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden
| | - Corinne Martin-Chouly
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Research Institute for Environmental and Occupational Health) - UMR_S 1085, 35 000 Rennes, France
| | - Normand Podechard
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Research Institute for Environmental and Occupational Health) - UMR_S 1085, 35 000 Rennes, France
| | - Sophie Langouët
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Research Institute for Environmental and Occupational Health) - UMR_S 1085, 35 000 Rennes, France
| | - Charbel Touma
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Research Institute for Environmental and Occupational Health) - UMR_S 1085, 35 000 Rennes, France
| | - Robert Barouki
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Paris, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Min Ji Kim
- University of Sorbonne Paris Nord, Bobigny, INSERM U1124 (T3S), Paris, France
| | | | - Mahua Choudhury
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX 77843, United States
| | - Nitya Shree
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX 77843, United States
| | - Amita Bansal
- College of Health & Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2611, Australia
| | - Sarah Howard
- Healthy Environment and Endocrine Disruptor Strategies, Commonweal, Bolinas, CA 92924, United States
| | - Jerrold J Heindel
- Healthy Environment and Endocrine Disruptor Strategies, Commonweal, Bolinas, CA 92924, United States
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12
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Torzewski M. C-Reactive Protein: Friend or Foe? Phylogeny From Heavy Metals to Modified Lipoproteins and SARS-CoV-2. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:797116. [PMID: 35402541 PMCID: PMC8987351 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.797116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal C-reactive protein (CRP) has a widespread existence throughout phylogeny implying that these proteins have essential functions mandatory to be preserved. About 500 million years of evolution teach us that there is a continuous interplay between emerging antigens and components of innate immunity. The most archaic physiological roles of CRP seem to be detoxication of heavy metals and other chemicals followed or accompanied by an acute phase response and host defense against bacterial, viral as well as parasitic infection. On the other hand, unusual antigens have emerged questioning the black-and-white perception of CRP as being invariably beneficial. Such antigens came along either as autoantigens like excessive tissue-stranded modified lipoprotein due to misdirected food intake linking CRP with atherosclerosis with an as yet open net effect, or as foreign antigens like SARS-CoV-2 inducing an uncontrolled CRP-mediated autoimmune response. The latter two examples impressingly demonstrate that a component of ancient immunity like CRP should not be considered under identical “beneficial” auspices throughout phylogeny but might effect quite the reverse as well.
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13
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Zhao P, Huang P, Xu T, Xiang X, Sun Y, Liu J, Yan C, Wang L, Gao J, Cui S, Wang X, Zhan L, Song H, Liu J, Song W, Liu Y. Fat body Ire1 regulates lipid homeostasis through the Xbp1s-FoxO axis in Drosophila. iScience 2021; 24:102819. [PMID: 34381963 PMCID: PMC8333185 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident transmembrane protein kinase/RNase Ire1 is a conserved sensor of the cellular unfolded protein response and has been implicated in lipid homeostasis, including lipid synthesis and transport, across species. Here we report a novel catabolic role of Ire1 in regulating lipid mobilization in Drosophila. We found that Ire1 is activated by nutrient deprivation, and, importantly, fat body-specific Ire1 deficiency leads to increased lipid mobilization and sensitizes flies to starvation, whereas fat body Ire1 overexpression results in the opposite phenotypes. Genetic interaction and biochemical analyses revealed that Ire1 regulates lipid mobilization by promoting Xbp1s-associated FoxO degradation and suppressing FoxO-dependent lipolytic programs. Our results demonstrate that Ire1 is a catabolic sensor and acts through the Xbp1s-FoxO axis to hamper the lipolytic response during chronic food deprivation. These findings offer new insights into the conserved Ire1 regulation of lipid homeostasis. Food deprivation systemically activates Ire1 and increases Xbp1 splicing Fat body Ire1-Xbp1s axis regulates lipid mobilization and survival during starvation Ire1-Xbp1s pathway enhances proteasomal degradation of FoxO Fat body Ire1-Xbp1s pathway hampers FoxO-associated lipid mobilization under starvation
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences; the Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Ping Huang
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Tongfu Xu
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xiaoxiang Xiang
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jingqi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Cheng Yan
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institute Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jiamei Gao
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Shang Cui
- Department of Cell Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China, 250012
| | - Xiangdong Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China, 250012
| | - Lixing Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Haiyun Song
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jingnan Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Wei Song
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences; the Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.,Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
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14
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Andreana M, Sturtzel C, Spielvogel CP, Papp L, Leitgeb R, Drexler W, Distel M, Unterhuber A. Toward Quantitative in vivo Label-Free Tracking of Lipid Distribution in a Zebrafish Cancer Model. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:675636. [PMID: 34277618 PMCID: PMC8280786 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.675636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells often adapt their lipid metabolism to accommodate the increased fatty acid demand for membrane biogenesis and energy production. Upregulation of fatty acid uptake from the environment of cancer cells has also been reported as an alternative mechanism. To investigate the role of lipids in tumor onset and progression and to identify potential diagnostic biomarkers, lipids are ideally imaged directly within the intact tumor tissue in a label-free way. In this study, we investigated lipid accumulation and distribution in living zebrafish larvae developing a tumor by means of coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering microscopy. Quantitative textural features based on radiomics revealed higher lipid accumulation in oncogene-expressing larvae compared to healthy ones. This high lipid accumulation could reflect an altered lipid metabolism in the hyperproliferating oncogene-expressing cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Andreana
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Caterina Sturtzel
- Innovative Cancer Models, St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute, Vienna, Austria.,Zebrafish Platform Austria for Preclinical Drug Screening (ZANDR), Vienna, Austria
| | - Clemens P Spielvogel
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Medical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Applied Metabolomics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Laszlo Papp
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rainer Leitgeb
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Christian Doppler Laboratory OPTRAMED, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Drexler
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Distel
- Innovative Cancer Models, St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute, Vienna, Austria.,Zebrafish Platform Austria for Preclinical Drug Screening (ZANDR), Vienna, Austria
| | - Angelika Unterhuber
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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15
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Zebrafish and Flavonoids: Adjuvants against Obesity. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26103014. [PMID: 34069388 PMCID: PMC8158719 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26103014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a pathological condition, defined as an excessive accumulation of fat, primarily caused by an energy imbalance. The storage of excess energy in the form of triglycerides within the adipocyte leads to lipotoxicity and promotes the phenotypic switch in the M1/M2 macrophage. These changes induce the development of a chronic state of low-grade inflammation, subsequently generating obesity-related complications, commonly known as metabolic syndromes. Over the past decade, obesity has been studied in many animal models. However, due to its competitive aspects and unique characteristics, the use of zebrafish has begun to gain traction in experimental obesity research. To counteract obesity and its related comorbidities, several natural substances have been studied. One of those natural substances reported to have substantial biological effects on obesity are flavonoids. This review summarizes the results of studies that examined the effects of flavonoids on obesity and related diseases and the emergence of zebrafish as a model of diet-induced obesity.
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16
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Salehpour A, Rezaei M, Khoradmehr A, Tahamtani Y, Tamadon A. Which Hyperglycemic Model of Zebrafish ( Danio rerio) Suites My Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Research? A Scoring System for Available Methods. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:652061. [PMID: 33791308 PMCID: PMC8005598 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.652061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite extensive studies on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), there is no definitive cure, drug, or prevention. Therefore, for developing new therapeutics, proper study models of T2DM is necessary to conduct further preclinical researches. Diabetes has been induced in animals using chemical, genetic, hormonal, antibody, viral, and surgical methods or a combination of them. Beside different approaches of diabetes induction, different animal species have been suggested. Although more than 85% of articles have proposed rat (genus Rattus) as the proper model for diabetes induction, zebrafish (Danio rerio) models of diabetes are being used more frequently in diabetes related studies. In this systematic review, we compare different aspects of available methods of inducing hyperglycemia referred as T2DM in zebrafish by utilizing a scoring system. Evaluating 26 approved models of T2DM in zebrafish, this scoring system may help researchers to compare different T2DM zebrafish models and select the best one regarding their own research theme. Eventually, glyoxalase1 (glo1-/-) knockout model of hyperglycemia achieved the highest score. In addition to assessment of hyperglycemic induction methods in zebrafish, eight most commonly proposed diabetic induction approval methods are suggested to help researchers confirm their subsequent proposed models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aria Salehpour
- The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Bushehr, Iran
| | - Mohammad Rezaei
- Department of Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arezoo Khoradmehr
- The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Bushehr, Iran
| | - Yaser Tahamtani
- Department of Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research, Tehran, Iran
- Reproductive Epidemiology Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amin Tamadon
- The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Bushehr, Iran
- Center of Marine Experimental and Comparative Medicine, The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Bushehr, Iran
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17
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Banerji R, Huynh C, Figueroa F, Dinday MT, Baraban SC, Patel M. Enhancing glucose metabolism via gluconeogenesis is therapeutic in a zebrafish model of Dravet syndrome. Brain Commun 2021; 3:fcab004. [PMID: 33842883 PMCID: PMC8023476 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcab004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Energy-producing pathways are novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of neurodevelopmental disorders. Here, we focussed on correcting metabolic defects in a catastrophic paediatric epilepsy, Dravet syndrome which is caused by mutations in sodium channel NaV1.1 gene, SCN1A. We utilized a translatable zebrafish model of Dravet syndrome (scn1lab) which exhibits key characteristics of patients with Dravet syndrome and shows metabolic deficits accompanied by down-regulation of gluconeogenesis genes, pck1 and pck2. Using a metabolism-based small library screen, we identified compounds that increased gluconeogenesis via up-regulation of pck1 gene expression in scn1lab larvae. Treatment with PK11195, a pck1 activator and a translocator protein ligand, normalized dys-regulated glucose levels, metabolic deficits, translocator protein expression and significantly decreased electrographic seizures in mutant larvae. Inhibition of pck1 in wild-type larvae mimicked metabolic and behaviour defects observed in scn1lab mutants. Together, this suggests that correcting dys-regulated metabolic pathways can be therapeutic in neurodevelopmental disorders such as Dravet syndrome arising from ion channel dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeswari Banerji
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, CA 80045, USA
| | - Christopher Huynh
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, CA 80045, USA
| | - Francisco Figueroa
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Epilepsy Research Laboratory, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Matthew T Dinday
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Epilepsy Research Laboratory, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Scott C Baraban
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Epilepsy Research Laboratory, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Manisha Patel
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, CA 80045, USA
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18
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Hanna EM, Zhang X, Eide M, Fallahi S, Furmanek T, Yadetie F, Zielinski DC, Goksøyr A, Jonassen I. ReCodLiver0.9: Overcoming Challenges in Genome-Scale Metabolic Reconstruction of a Non-model Species. Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:591406. [PMID: 33324679 PMCID: PMC7726423 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.591406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The availability of genome sequences, annotations, and knowledge of the biochemistry underlying metabolic transformations has led to the generation of metabolic network reconstructions for a wide range of organisms in bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes. When modeled using mathematical representations, a reconstruction can simulate underlying genotype-phenotype relationships. Accordingly, genome-scale metabolic models (GEMs) can be used to predict the response of organisms to genetic and environmental variations. A bottom-up reconstruction procedure typically starts by generating a draft model from existing annotation data on a target organism. For model species, this part of the process can be straightforward, due to the abundant organism-specific biochemical data. However, the process becomes complicated for non-model less-annotated species. In this paper, we present a draft liver reconstruction, ReCodLiver0.9, of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua), a non-model teleost fish, as a practicable guide for cases with comparably few resources. Although the reconstruction is considered a draft version, we show that it already has utility in elucidating metabolic response mechanisms to environmental toxicants by mapping gene expression data of exposure experiments to the resulting model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eileen Marie Hanna
- Department of Computer Science and Mathematics, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
- Computational Biology Unit, Department of Informatics, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Xiaokang Zhang
- Computational Biology Unit, Department of Informatics, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Marta Eide
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Shirin Fallahi
- Department of Mathematics, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Fekadu Yadetie
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Daniel Craig Zielinski
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Anders Goksøyr
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Inge Jonassen
- Computational Biology Unit, Department of Informatics, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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19
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Chaudhari R, Fong LW, Tan Z, Huang B, Zhang S. An up-to-date overview of computational polypharmacology in modern drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2020; 15:1025-1044. [PMID: 32452701 PMCID: PMC7415563 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2020.1767063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In recent years, computational polypharmacology has gained significant attention to study the promiscuous nature of drugs. Despite tremendous challenges, community-wide efforts have led to a variety of novel approaches for predicting drug polypharmacology. In particular, some rapid advances using machine learning and artificial intelligence have been reported with great success. AREAS COVERED In this article, the authors provide a comprehensive update on the current state-of-the-art polypharmacology approaches and their applications, focusing on those reports published after our 2017 review article. The authors particularly discuss some novel, groundbreaking concepts, and methods that have been developed recently and applied to drug polypharmacology studies. EXPERT OPINION Polypharmacology is evolving and novel concepts are being introduced to counter the current challenges in the field. However, major hurdles remain including incompleteness of high-quality experimental data, lack of in vitro and in vivo assays to characterize multi-targeting agents, shortage of robust computational methods, and challenges to identify the best target combinations and design effective multi-targeting agents. Fortunately, numerous national/international efforts including multi-omics and artificial intelligence initiatives as well as most recent collaborations on addressing the COVID-19 pandemic have shown significant promise to propel the field of polypharmacology forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajan Chaudhari
- Intelligent Molecular Discovery Laboratory, Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Long Wolf Fong
- Intelligent Molecular Discovery Laboratory, Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
- MD Anderson UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 6767 Bertner Avenue, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Zhi Tan
- Intelligent Molecular Discovery Laboratory, Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Beibei Huang
- Intelligent Molecular Discovery Laboratory, Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Shuxing Zhang
- Intelligent Molecular Discovery Laboratory, Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
- MD Anderson UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 6767 Bertner Avenue, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
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20
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Raj A, Shah P, Singh A, Agrawal N. Discriminatory alteration of carbohydrate homeostasis by gold nanoparticles ingestion in Drosophila. Toxicol Ind Health 2020; 36:769-778. [PMID: 33241774 DOI: 10.1177/0748233720947211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
With the extensive usage of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) in various industrial sectors and biomedical applications, evaluation of their possible effects on human health becomes imperative. Therefore, the present study was aimed toward assessing the dose-dependent impact of AuNPs ingestion on metabolic homeostasis using Drosophila melanogaster as a model system. We found that larval ingestion of higher dose of AuNPs significantly reduced body weight. Further analysis of the crucial energy reservoir showed selective alteration in carbohydrate levels without any change in the lipid and protein levels. Transcriptional downregulation of glycogen synthase further supported impaired glycogen metabolism in flies supplemented with higher dose of AuNPs. Additionally, ingestion of higher dose of AuNPs in larvae results in significantly increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the peripheral tissues, suggestive of stress condition. Our findings clearly imply that supplementing higher doses of AuNPs at an early developmental stage can potentially cause weight loss, impair glycogen metabolism, and elevate ROS production. Therefore, determination of a biologically effective dose is critical for the safety of mankind and vulnerable populations at the workplace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akanksha Raj
- Department of Zoology, 28742University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Prasanna Shah
- Department of Physics, 209337Acropolis Institute of Technology and Research, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Akanksha Singh
- Department of Zoology, 28742University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Namita Agrawal
- Department of Zoology, 28742University of Delhi, Delhi, India
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21
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Gillette CM, Hazegh KE, Nemkov T, Stefanoni D, D'Alessandro A, Taliaferro JM, Reis T. Gene-Diet Interactions: Dietary Rescue of Metabolic Effects in spen-Depleted Drosophila melanogaster. Genetics 2020; 214:961-975. [PMID: 32107279 PMCID: PMC7153938 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.119.303015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and its comorbidities are a growing health epidemic. Interactions between genetic background, the environment, and behavior (i.e., diet) greatly influence organismal energy balance. Previously, we described obesogenic mutations in the gene Split ends (Spen) in Drosophila melanogaster, and roles for Spen in fat storage and metabolic state. Lipid catabolism is impaired in Spen-deficient fat storage cells, accompanied by a compensatory increase in glycolytic flux and protein catabolism. Here, we investigate gene-diet interactions to determine if diets supplemented with specific macronutrients can rescue metabolic dysfunction in Spen-depleted animals. We show that a high-yeast diet partially rescues adiposity and developmental defects. High sugar partially improves developmental timing as well as longevity of mated females. Gene-diet interactions were heavily influenced by developmental-stage-specific organismal needs: extra yeast provides benefits early in development (larval stages) but becomes detrimental in adulthood. High sugar confers benefits to Spen-depleted animals at both larval and adult stages, with the caveat of increased adiposity. A high-fat diet is detrimental according to all tested criteria, regardless of genotype. Whereas Spen depletion influenced phenotypic responses to supplemented diets, diet was the dominant factor in directing the whole-organism steady-state metabolome. Obesity is a complex disease of genetic, environmental, and behavioral inputs. Our results show that diet customization can ameliorate metabolic dysfunction underpinned by a genetic factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire M Gillette
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Kelsey E Hazegh
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Travis Nemkov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Davide Stefanoni
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Angelo D'Alessandro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - J Matthew Taliaferro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045
- RNA Bioscience Initiative, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Tânia Reis
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045
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22
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Yang Q, Wu F, Mi Y, Wang F, Cai K, Yang X, Zhang R, Liu L, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Wang X, Xu M, Gui Y, Li Q. Aberrant expression of miR-29b-3p influences heart development and cardiomyocyte proliferation by targeting NOTCH2. Cell Prolif 2020; 53:e12764. [PMID: 32077168 PMCID: PMC7106969 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives microRNA‐29 (miR‐29) family have shown different expression patterns in cardiovascular diseases. Our study aims to explore the effect and mechanism of miR‐29 family on cardiac development. Materials and methods A total of 13 patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) and 7 controls were included in our study. Tissues were obtained from the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) after surgical resection or autopsy. The next‐generation sequencing was applied to screen the microRNA expression profiles of CHD. Quantitative RT‐PCR and Western blot were employed to measure genes expression. Tg Cmlc2: GFP reporter zebrafish embryos were injected with microRNA (miRNA) to explore its role in cardiac development in vivo. Dual‐luciferase reporter assay was designed to validate the target gene of miRNAs. CCK‐8 and EdU incorporation assays were performed to evaluate cardiomyocyte proliferation. Results Our study showed miR‐29b‐3p expression was significantly increased in the RVOT of the CHD patients. Injection of miR‐29b‐3p into zebrafish embryos induced higher mortality and malformation rates, developmental delay, cardiac malformation and dysfunction. miR‐29b‐3p inhibited cardiomyocyte proliferation, and its inhibitor promoted cardiomyocyte proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, we identified that miR‐29b‐3p influenced cardiomyocyte proliferation by targeting NOTCH2, which was down‐regulated in the RVOT of the CHD patients. Conclusion This study reveals that miR‐29b‐3p functions as a novel regulator of cardiac development and inhibits cardiomyocyte proliferation via NOTCH2, which provides novel insights into the aetiology and potential treatment of CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yang
- Translational Medical Center for Development and Disease, Institute of Pediatrics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defect, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Cardiovascular Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Wu
- Translational Medical Center for Development and Disease, Institute of Pediatrics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defect, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Cardiovascular Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaping Mi
- Cardiovascular Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Translational Medical Center for Development and Disease, Institute of Pediatrics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defect, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Cardiovascular Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ke Cai
- Cardiovascular Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoshan Yang
- Department of Bioscience, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Ranran Zhang
- Cardiovascular Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lian Liu
- Cardiovascular Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yawen Zhang
- Translational Medical Center for Development and Disease, Institute of Pediatrics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defect, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Cardiovascular Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Youhua Wang
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Cancer Metabolism Laboratory, Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingqing Xu
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yonghao Gui
- Translational Medical Center for Development and Disease, Institute of Pediatrics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defect, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Cardiovascular Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Translational Medical Center for Development and Disease, Institute of Pediatrics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defect, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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23
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Yamada Y, Chensom S, Yonemoto H, Nakayama H, Zang L, Nishimura N, Mishima T, Shimada Y. Water Extract of Yamato Tachibana (Citrus tachibana) Induces Food Intake in Adult and Larval Zebrafish. J Med Food 2020; 23:65-71. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2019.4484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Yamada
- Graduate School of Regional Innovation Studies, Mie University, Tsu, Mie, Japan
| | - Sasicha Chensom
- Graduate School of Regional Innovation Studies, Mie University, Tsu, Mie, Japan
| | - Hisataka Yonemoto
- Department of Integrative Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu, Mie, Japan
| | - Hiroko Nakayama
- Graduate School of Regional Innovation Studies, Mie University, Tsu, Mie, Japan
- Zebrafish Drug Screening Center, Mie University, Tsu, Mie, Japan
| | - Liqing Zang
- Graduate School of Regional Innovation Studies, Mie University, Tsu, Mie, Japan
- Zebrafish Drug Screening Center, Mie University, Tsu, Mie, Japan
| | - Norihiro Nishimura
- Graduate School of Regional Innovation Studies, Mie University, Tsu, Mie, Japan
- Zebrafish Drug Screening Center, Mie University, Tsu, Mie, Japan
| | - Takashi Mishima
- Graduate School of Regional Innovation Studies, Mie University, Tsu, Mie, Japan
- Graduate School of Bioresources, Mie University, Tsu, Mie, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Shimada
- Department of Integrative Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu, Mie, Japan
- Zebrafish Drug Screening Center, Mie University, Tsu, Mie, Japan
- Department of Bioinformatics, Advanced Science Research Promotion Center, Mie University, Tsu, Mie, Japan
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24
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Black Raspberry ( Rubus coreanus Miquel) Promotes Browning of Preadipocytes and Inguinal White Adipose Tissue in Cold-Induced Mice. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11092164. [PMID: 31509935 PMCID: PMC6769844 DOI: 10.3390/nu11092164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The alteration of white adipose tissue (WAT) "browning", a change of white into beige fat, has been considered as a new therapeutic strategy to treat obesity. In this study, we investigated the browning effect of black raspberry (Rubus coreanus Miquel) using in vitro and in vivo models. Black raspberry water extract (BRWE) treatment inhibited lipid accumulation in human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and zebrafish. To evaluate the thermogenic activity, BRWE was orally administered for 2 weeks, and then, the mice were placed in a 4 °C environment. As a result, BRWE treatment increased rectal temperature and inguinal WAT (iWAT) thermogenesis by inducing the expression of beige fat specific markers such as PR domain zinc-finger protein 16 (PRDM16), uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC1α), and t-box protein 1 (TBX1) in cold-exposed mice. Furthermore, ellagic acid (EA), a constituent of BRWE, markedly promoted beige specific markers: UCP1, PGC1α, TBX1, and nuclear respiratory factor 1 in beige differentiation media (DM)-induced 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Our findings indicate that BRWE can promote beige differentiation/activation, and EA is the active compound responsible for such effect. Thus, we suggest the nature-derived agents BRWE and EA as potential agents for obesity treatment.
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25
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Binh TD, Pham TL, Men TT, Kamei K. Dysfunction of LSD-1 induces JNK signaling pathway-dependent abnormal development of thorax and apoptosis cell death in Drosophila melanogaster. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 516:451-456. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.06.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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26
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Sanghera DK, Hopkins R, Malone-Perez MW, Bejar C, Tan C, Mussa H, Whitby P, Fowler B, Rao CV, Fung KA, Lightfoot S, Frazer JK. Targeted sequencing of candidate genes of dyslipidemia in Punjabi Sikhs: Population-specific rare variants in GCKR promote ectopic fat deposition. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0211661. [PMID: 31369557 PMCID: PMC6675050 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dyslipidemia is a well-established risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Although, advances in genome-wide technologies have enabled the discovery of hundreds of genes associated with blood lipid phenotypes, most of the heritability remains unexplained. Here we performed targeted resequencing of 13 bona fide candidate genes of dyslipidemia to identify the underlying biological functions. We sequenced 940 Sikh subjects with extreme serum levels of hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) and 2,355 subjects were used for replication studies; all 3,295 participants were part of the Asian Indians Diabetic Heart Study. Gene-centric analysis revealed burden of variants for increasing HTG risk in GCKR (p = 2.1x10-5), LPL (p = 1.6x10-3) and MLXIPL (p = 1.6x10-2) genes. Of these, three missense and damaging variants within GCKR were further examined for functional consequences in vivo using a transgenic zebrafish model. All three mutations were South Asian population-specific and were largely absent in other multiethnic populations of Exome Aggregation Consortium. We built different transgenic models of human GCKR with and without mutations and analyzed the effects of dietary changes in vivo. Despite the short-term of feeding, profound phenotypic changes were apparent in hepatocyte histology and fat deposition associated with increased expression of GCKR in response to a high fat diet (HFD). Liver histology of the GCKRmut showed severe fatty metamorphosis which correlated with ~7 fold increase in the mRNA expression in the GCKRmut fish even in the absence of a high fat diet. These findings suggest that functionally disruptive GCKR variants not only increase the risk of HTG but may enhance ectopic lipid/fat storage defects in absence of obesity and HFD. To our knowledge, this is the first transgenic zebrafish model of a putative human disease gene built to accurately assess the influence of genetic changes and their phenotypic consequences in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharambir K. Sanghera
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
- Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Ruth Hopkins
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Megan W. Malone-Perez
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Cynthia Bejar
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Chengcheng Tan
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Huda Mussa
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Infectious Diseases, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Paul Whitby
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Infectious Diseases, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Ben Fowler
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Imaging Core Facility, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Chinthapally V. Rao
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug Development, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - KarMing A. Fung
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Stan Lightfoot
- Department of Surgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - J. Kimble Frazer
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
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27
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Abstract
Diabetes and obesity are the two notorious metabolic disorders in today's world. Both diabetes and obesity are interlinked with each other and often referred to as 'Diabesity'. It is a complex and multi-organ failure disorder. Thus, many researches and tremendous efforts have been made toward prevention, treatment as well as early detection of diabesity. However, and still, there is a large gap in understanding the etiology as well as treatment of diabesity. Various animal models are also used to decipher the mechanism underlying diabesity. Among all the model organism, recently Drosophila melanogaster is gaining its importance to study diabetes, obesity, and other metabolic disorder. Various experimental methods like histological, biochemical, developmental, and behavioral assays are described in this study to detect diabetes as well as obesity in the fly model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nibedita Nayak
- Neural Developmental Biology Lab, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology , Rourkela , India
| | - Monalisa Mishra
- Neural Developmental Biology Lab, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology , Rourkela , India
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28
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Monma Y, Shimada Y, Nakayama H, Zang L, Nishimura N, Tanaka T. Aging-associated microstructural deterioration of vertebra in zebrafish. Bone Rep 2019; 11:100215. [PMID: 31388517 PMCID: PMC6676153 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2019.100215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish, a small teleost fish, is currently emerging as an animal model of local and systemic aging. In this study, we assessed age-related degenerative changes in the vertebral bone of zebrafish (3–12 month-post-fertilisation [mpf]) using micro-CT scanning. The bone volume (BV) of the trabecular bone in the male and female fish peaked at 6 mpf and reduced with age. In contrast to BV, bone mineral density and tissue volume did not change after 6 mpf, implying that the total mineral volume in the trabecular area remains unchanged, retaining the strength of vertebra. In addition, we performed micro-structural analysis of the trabecular thickness, trabecular number, and star volume of the tissue space and trabeculae, and found that the size of the trabecular bone reduced with age. Furthermore, aged zebrafish (45 mpf) exhibited ectopic ossification inside or outside of their vertebrae. In summary, we analysed bone structural parameters in adult zebrafish vertebra, which are also used in humans, and demonstrated that aged zebrafish have deteriorated microarchitecture (trabecular thickness and number, tissue space star volume and trabecular star volume) with reduction of trabecular bones, similar to that observed during aging in humans. Zebrafish can be utilised as an animal model to understand the pathology of human bone aging, and the discovery of new therapeutic agents against age-related osteoporosis. We analysed bone structural parameters in adult zebrafish vertebrae. Microstructural changes in aged-zebrafish are similar to those in humans. Aged zebrafish exhibited ectopic ossification inside or outside of their vertebrae.
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Key Words
- Aging
- BMC, bone mineral content
- BMD, bone mineral density
- BV, bone volume
- CT, Computed Tomography
- FCV, first caudal vertebra
- Micro CT
- Osteoporosis
- TV, tissue volume
- Tb, trabecular bone
- Tb.N, trabecular number
- Tb.Th, trabecular thickness
- Teleost
- V*m, tissue space star volume
- V*tr, trabecular star volume
- mpf, month-post-fertilisation
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuyuki Monma
- Department of Systems Pharmacology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Shimada
- Department of Integrative Pharmacology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, Japan
- Department of Bioinformatics, Mie University Advanced Science Research Promotion Center, Tsu, Mie, Japan
- Mie University Zebrafish Drug Screening Center, Tsu, Mie, Japan
| | - Hiroko Nakayama
- Mie University Zebrafish Drug Screening Center, Tsu, Mie, Japan
- Graduate School of Regional Innovation Studies, Mie University, Tsu, Mie, Japan
| | - Liqing Zang
- Mie University Zebrafish Drug Screening Center, Tsu, Mie, Japan
- Graduate School of Regional Innovation Studies, Mie University, Tsu, Mie, Japan
| | - Norihiro Nishimura
- Mie University Zebrafish Drug Screening Center, Tsu, Mie, Japan
- Graduate School of Regional Innovation Studies, Mie University, Tsu, Mie, Japan
| | - Toshio Tanaka
- Department of Systems Pharmacology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, Japan
- Mie University Zebrafish Drug Screening Center, Tsu, Mie, Japan
- Corresponding author at: Department of Systems Pharmacology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, Japan.
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29
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Yang Q, Wu F, Wang F, Cai K, Zhang Y, Sun Q, Zhao X, Gui Y, Li Q. Impact of DNA methyltransferase inhibitor 5-azacytidine on cardiac development of zebrafish in vivo and cardiomyocyte proliferation, apoptosis, and the homeostasis of gene expression in vitro. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:17459-17471. [PMID: 31271227 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac development is a peculiar process involving coordinated cellular differentiation, migration, proliferation, and apoptosis. DNA methylation plays a key role in genomic stability, tissue-specific gene expression, cell proliferation, and apoptosis. Hypomethylation in the global genome has been reported in cardiovascular diseases. However, little is known about the impact and specific mechanism of global hypomethylation on cardiomyocytes. In the present study, we explored the impact of DNA methyltransferase inhibitors 5-azacytidine on cardiac development. In vivo experiment showed that hypomethylation of zebrafish embryos with 5-azacytidine exposure significantly reduced survival, induced malformations, and delayed general development process. Furthermore, zebrafish embryos injected with 5-azacytidine developed pericardial edema, ventricular volume reduction, looping deformity, and reduction in heart rate and ventricular shortening fraction. Cardiomyocytes treated with 5-azacytidine in vitro decreased proliferation and induced apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, 5-azacytidine treatment in cardiomyocytes resulted in 20 downregulated genes expression and two upregulated genes expression in 45 candidate genes, which indicated that DNA methylation functions as a bidirectional modulator in regulating gene expression. In conclusion, these results show the regulative effects of the epigenetic modifier 5-azacytidine in cardiac development of zebrafish embryos in vivo and cardiomyocyte proliferation and apoptosis and the homeostasis of gene expression in vitro, which offer a novel understanding of aberrant DNA methylation in the etiology of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defect, Translational Medical Center for Development and Disease, Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Cardiovascular Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defect, Translational Medical Center for Development and Disease, Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Cardiovascular Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defect, Translational Medical Center for Development and Disease, Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Cardiovascular Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ke Cai
- Cardiovascular Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yawen Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defect, Translational Medical Center for Development and Disease, Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Cardiovascular Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Quanya Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaolong Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yonghao Gui
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defect, Translational Medical Center for Development and Disease, Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Cardiovascular Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defect, Translational Medical Center for Development and Disease, Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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30
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Benchoula K, Khatib A, Jaffar A, Ahmed QU, Sulaiman WMAW, Wahab RA, El-Seedi HR. The promise of zebrafish as a model of metabolic syndrome. Exp Anim 2019; 68:407-416. [PMID: 31118344 PMCID: PMC6842808 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.18-0168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is a cluster including hyperglycaemia, obesity, hypertension, and
hypertriglyceridaemia as a result of biochemical and physiological alterations and can
increase the risk of cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Fundamental research on this
disease requires validated animal models. One potential animal model that is rapidly
gaining in popularity is zebrafish (Danio rerio). The use of zebrafish as
an animal model conveys several advantages, including high human genetic homology,
transparent embryos and larvae that allow easier visualization. This review discusses how
zebrafish models contribute to the development of metabolic syndrome studies. Different
diseases in the cluster of metabolic syndrome, such as hyperglycaemia, obesity, diabetes,
and hypertriglyceridaemia, have been successfully studied using zebrafish; and the model
is promising for hypertension and cardiovascular metabolic-related diseases due to its
genetic similarity to mammals. Genetic mutation, chemical induction, and dietary
alteration are among the tools used to improve zebrafish models. This field is expanding,
and thus, more effective and efficient techniques are currently developed to fulfil the
increasing demand for thorough investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Benchoula
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Sultan Ahmad Shah Street, Kuantan 25200, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Alfi Khatib
- Pharmacognosy Research Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Sultan Ahmad Shah Street, Kuantan 25200, Pahang, Malaysia.,Central Research and Animal Facility (CREAM), Kulliyyah of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia, Sultan Ahamad Shah Street, Kuantan 25200, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Ashika Jaffar
- School of Biosciences & Technology, VIT University, Vellore 632014, India
| | - Qamar Udin Ahmed
- Pharmacognosy Research Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Sultan Ahmad Shah Street, Kuantan 25200, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Wan Mohd Azizi Wan Sulaiman
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Sultan Ahmad Shah Street, Kuantan 25200, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Ridhwan Abd Wahab
- Kulliyah of Allied Health Science, International Islamic University Malaysia, Sultan Ahmad Shah Street, Kuantan 25200, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Hesham R El-Seedi
- Pharmacognosy Group, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University, Box 574, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden.,Alrayan Medical colleges, Medina 42541, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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31
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Optimizing the Use of Zebrafish Feeding Trials for the Safety Evaluation of Genetically Modified Crops. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20061472. [PMID: 30909578 PMCID: PMC6471220 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In Europe, the toxicological safety of genetically modified (GM) crops is routinely evaluated using rodent feeding trials, originally designed for testing oral toxicity of chemical compounds. We aimed to develop and optimize methods for advancing the use of zebrafish feeding trials for the safety evaluation of GM crops, using maize as a case study. In a first step, we evaluated the effect of different maize substitution levels. Our results demonstrate the need for preliminary testing to assess potential feed component-related effects on the overall nutritional balance. Next, since a potential effect of a GM crop should ideally be interpreted relative to the natural response variation (i.e., the range of biological values that is considered normal for a particular endpoint) in order to assess the toxicological relevance, we established natural response variation datasets for various zebrafish endpoints. We applied equivalence testing to calculate threshold equivalence limits (ELs) based on the natural response variation as a method for quantifying the range within which a GM crop and its control are considered equivalent. Finally, our results illustrate that the use of commercial control diets (CCDs) and null segregant (NS) controls (helpful for assessing potential effects of the transformation process) would be valuable additions to GM safety assessment strategies.
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32
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Schilder RJ, Stewart H. Parasitic gut infection in Libellula pulchella causes functional and molecular resemblance of dragonfly flight muscle to skeletal muscle of obese vertebrates. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 222:jeb.188508. [PMID: 30659084 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.188508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated the existence of a naturally occurring metabolic disease phenotype in Libellula pulchella dragonflies that shows high similarity to vertebrate obesity and type II diabetes, and is caused by a protozoan gut parasite. To further mechanistic understanding of how this metabolic disease phenotype affects fitness of male L. pulchella in vivo, we examined infection effects on in situ muscle performance and molecular traits relevant to dragonfly flight performance in nature. Importantly, these traits were previously shown to be affected in obese vertebrates. Similarly to obesity effects in rat skeletal muscle, dragonfly gut infection caused a disruption of relationships between body mass, flight muscle power output and alternative pre-mRNA splicing of troponin T, which affects muscle calcium sensitivity and performance in insects and vertebrates. In addition, when simulated in situ to contract at cycle frequencies ranging from 20 to 45 Hz, flight muscles of infected individuals displayed a left shift in power-cycle frequency curves, indicating a significant reduction in their optimal cycle frequency. Interestingly, these power-cycle curves were similar to those produced by flight muscles of non-infected teneral (i.e. physiologically immature) adult L. pulchella males. Overall, our results indicate that the effects of metabolic disease on skeletal muscle physiology in natural insect systems are similar to those observed in vertebrates maintained in laboratory settings. More generally, they indicate that study of natural, host-parasite interactions can contribute important insight into how environmental factors other than diet and exercise may contribute to the development of metabolic disease phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudolf J Schilder
- Pennsylvania State University, Department of Entomology, 501 Ag Sciences & Industries Building, State College, PA 16802, USA .,Pennsylvania State University, Department of Biology, 501 Ag Sciences & Industries Building, State College, PA 16802, USA
| | - Hannah Stewart
- Pennsylvania State University, Department of Entomology, 501 Ag Sciences & Industries Building, State College, PA 16802, USA
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Weisz ED, Towheed A, Monyak RE, Toth MS, Wallace DC, Jongens TA. Loss of Drosophila FMRP leads to alterations in energy metabolism and mitochondrial function. Hum Mol Genet 2019; 27:95-106. [PMID: 29106525 PMCID: PMC5886180 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Fragile X Syndrome (FXS), the most prevalent form of inherited intellectual disability and the foremost monogenetic cause of autism, is caused by loss of expression of the FMR1 gene . Here, we show that dfmr1 modulates the global metabolome in Drosophila. Despite our previous discovery of increased brain insulin signaling, our results indicate that dfmr1 mutants have reduced carbohydrate and lipid stores and are hypersensitive to starvation stress. The observed metabolic deficits cannot be explained by feeding behavior, as we report that dfmr1 mutants are hyperphagic. Rather, our data identify dfmr1 as a regulator of mitochondrial function. We demonstrate that under supersaturating conditions, dfmr1 mutant mitochondria have significantly increased maximum electron transport system (ETS) capacity. Moreover, electron micrographs of indirect flight muscle reveal striking morphological changes in the dfmr1 mutant mitochondria. Taken together, our results illustrate the importance of dfmr1 for proper maintenance of nutrient homeostasis and mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliana D Weisz
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Atif Towheed
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Rachel E Monyak
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Meridith S Toth
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Douglas C Wallace
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Thomas A Jongens
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Gao X, Xie XJ, Hsu FN, Li X, Liu M, Hemba-Waduge RUS, Xu W, Ji JY. CDK8 mediates the dietary effects on developmental transition in Drosophila. Dev Biol 2018; 444:62-70. [PMID: 30352217 PMCID: PMC6263851 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Revised: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors, such as diet and lifestyle, defines the initiation and progression of multifactorial diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, and neurological disorders. Given that most of the studies have been performed in controlled experimental settings to ensure the consistency and reproducibility, the impacts of environmental factors, such as dietary perturbation, on the development of animals with different genotypes and the pathogenesis of these diseases remain poorly understood. By analyzing the cdk8 and cyclin C (cycC) mutant larvae in Drosophila, we have previously reported that the CDK8-CycC complex coordinately regulates lipogenesis by repressing dSREBP (sterol regulatory element-binding protein)-activated transcription and developmental timing by activating EcR (ecdysone receptor)-dependent gene expression. Here we report that dietary nutrients, particularly proteins and carbohydrates, modulate the developmental timing through the CDK8/CycC/EcR pathway. We observed that cdk8 and cycC mutants are sensitive to the levels of dietary proteins and seven amino acids (arginine, glutamine, isoleucine, leucine, methionine, threonine, and valine). Those mutants are also sensitive to dietary carbohydrates, and they are more sensitive to monosaccharides than disaccharides. These results suggest that CDK8-CycC mediates the dietary effects on lipid metabolism and developmental timing in Drosophila larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinsheng Gao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Xiao-Jun Xie
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Fu-Ning Hsu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Mengmeng Liu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | | | - Wu Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA 70504, USA
| | - Jun-Yuan Ji
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
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Abhyankar V, Kaduskar B, Kamat SS, Deobagkar D, Ratnaparkhi GS. Drosophila DNA/RNA methyltransferase contributes to robust host defense in aging animals by regulating sphingolipid metabolism. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 221:jeb.187989. [PMID: 30254027 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.187989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Drosophila methyltransferase (Mt2) has been implicated in the methylation of both DNA and tRNA. In this study, we demonstrate that loss of Mt2 activity leads to an age-dependent decline of immune function in the adult fly. A newly eclosed adult has mild immune defects that are exacerbated in a 15 day old Mt2-/- fly. The age-dependent effects appear to be systemic, including disturbances in lipid metabolism, changes in cell shape of hemocytes and significant fold-changes in levels of transcripts related to host defense. Lipid imbalance, as measured by quantitative lipidomics, correlates with immune dysfunction, with high levels of immunomodulatory lipids, sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and ceramides, along with low levels of storage lipids. Activity assays on fly lysates confirm the age-dependent increase in S1P and concomitant reduction of S1P lyase activity. We hypothesize that Mt2 functions to regulate genetic loci such as S1P lyase and this regulation is essential for robust host defense as the animal ages. Our study uncovers novel links between age--dependent Mt2 function, innate immune response and lipid homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varada Abhyankar
- Department of Zoology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, India
| | - Bhagyashree Kaduskar
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education & Research (IISER), Pune 411008, India
| | - Siddhesh S Kamat
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education & Research (IISER), Pune 411008, India
| | - Deepti Deobagkar
- Department of Zoology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, India .,Center of Advanced Studies, Department of Zoology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, India
| | - Girish S Ratnaparkhi
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education & Research (IISER), Pune 411008, India
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36
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Santangeli S, Notarstefano V, Maradonna F, Giorgini E, Gioacchini G, Forner-Piquer I, Habibi HR, Carnevali O. Effects of diethylene glycol dibenzoate and Bisphenol A on the lipid metabolism of Danio rerio. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 636:641-655. [PMID: 29723837 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are known to disrupt normal metabolism and can influence the incidence of obesity in animals and humans. EDCs can exert adverse effects at low concentrations, often in a non-monotonic dose-related fashion. Among EDCs, Bisphenol A (BPA) is extensively used in the production of polycarbonate plastic, and is among the most abundant contaminants in the world. Diethylene glycol dibenzoate (DGB), an approved alternative to phthalates in the production of plastic and latex products, however, is less abundant and its effects are almost completely unknown. The aim of this study is to provide information on the hepatic effects of BPA and DGB on lipid metabolism, and investigate possible links between these contaminants and the increased incidence of obesity. In the present study, we exposed zebrafish to three different BPA doses (5; 10; 20 μg/L) and five different doses of DGB (0.01; 0.1; 1; 10; 100 μg/L) for a period of 21 days, and investigated transcript levels for genes involved in lipid metabolism as well as measuring liver content of phosphates, lipids and proteins. The results demonstrate disruptive effects of BPA and DGB on lipid metabolism in a non-monotonic dose-related fashion. The lowest dose of BPA increased the storage of triglycerides and promoted fatty acid synthesis, while the highest concentration promoted de novo lipogenesis and cholesterologenesis. Exposure to DGB was also found to affect lipid metabolism leading to increased lipid production and mobilization in a non-monotonic dose-related fashion. Analysis of BPA and DGB by FT-IR revealed that exposure to both compounds lead to changes in the biochemical composition of liver. The findings provide a support for the hypothesis that BPA and DGB may be among the environmental contaminants with obesogenic property.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Santangeli
- Dipartimento Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Valentina Notarstefano
- Dipartimento Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Francesca Maradonna
- Dipartimento Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; INBB Consorzio Interuniversitario di Biosistemi e Biostrutture, 00136 Roma, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Giorgini
- Dipartimento Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Giorgia Gioacchini
- Dipartimento Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Isabel Forner-Piquer
- Dipartimento Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Hamid R Habibi
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Oliana Carnevali
- Dipartimento Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; INBB Consorzio Interuniversitario di Biosistemi e Biostrutture, 00136 Roma, Italy.
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37
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Zang L, Maddison LA, Chen W. Zebrafish as a Model for Obesity and Diabetes. Front Cell Dev Biol 2018; 6:91. [PMID: 30177968 PMCID: PMC6110173 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2018.00091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and diabetes now considered global epidemics. The prevalence rates of diabetes are increasing in parallel with the rates of obesity and the strong connection between these two diseases has been coined as “diabesity.” The health risks of overweight or obesity include Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), coronary heart disease and cancer of numerous organs. Both obesity and diabetes are complex diseases that involve the interaction of genetics and environmental factors. The underlying pathogenesis of obesity and diabetes are not well understood and further research is needed for pharmacological and surgical management. Consequently, the use of animal models of obesity and/or diabetes is important for both improving the understanding of these diseases and to identify and develop effective treatments. Zebrafish is an attractive model system for studying metabolic diseases because of the functional conservation in lipid metabolism, adipose biology, pancreas structure, and glucose homeostasis. It is also suited for identification of novel targets associated with the risk and treatment of obesity and diabetes in humans. In this review, we highlight studies using zebrafish to model metabolic diseases, and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of studying pathologies associated with obesity and diabetes in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqing Zang
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States.,Graduate School of Regional Innovation Studies, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
| | - Lisette A Maddison
- Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Wenbiao Chen
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States
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38
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Adam AC, Skjærven KH, Whatmore P, Moren M, Lie KK. Parental high dietary arachidonic acid levels modulated the hepatic transcriptome of adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) progeny. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0201278. [PMID: 30070994 PMCID: PMC6071982 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Disproportionate high intake of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in the diet is considered as a major human health concern. The present study examines changes in the hepatic gene expression pattern of adult male zebrafish progeny associated with high levels of the n-6 PUFA arachidonic acid (ARA) in the parental diet. The parental generation (F0) was fed a diet which was either low (control) or high in ARA (high ARA). Progenies of both groups (F1) were given the control diet. No differences in body weight were found between the diet groups within adult stages of either F0 or F1 generation. Few differentially expressed genes were observed between the two dietary groups in the F0 in contrast to the F1 generation. Several links were found between the previous metabolic analysis of the parental fish and the gene expression analysis in their adult progeny. Main gene expression differences in the progeny were observed related to lipid and retinoid metabolism by PPARα/RXRα playing a central role in mediating changes to lipid and long-chain fatty acid metabolism. The enrichment of genes involved in β-oxidation observed in the progeny, corresponded to the increase in peroxisomal β-oxidative degradation of long-chain fatty acids in the parental fish metabolomics data. Similar links between the F0 and F1 generation were identified for the methionine cycle and transsulfuration pathway in the high ARA group. In addition, estrogen signalling was found to be affected by parental high dietary ARA levels, where gene expression was opposite directed in F1 compared to F0. This study shows that the dietary n-3/n-6 PUFA ratio can alter gene expression patterns in the adult progeny. Whether the effect is mediated by permanent epigenetic mechanisms regulating gene expression in developing gametes needs to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Paul Whatmore
- Institute of Marine Research, Nordnes, Bergen, Norway
| | - Mari Moren
- Institute of Marine Research, Nordnes, Bergen, Norway
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39
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Yang YHC, Kawakami K, Stainier DY. A new mode of pancreatic islet innervation revealed by live imaging in zebrafish. eLife 2018; 7:34519. [PMID: 29916364 PMCID: PMC6039180 DOI: 10.7554/elife.34519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic islets are innervated by autonomic and sensory nerves that influence their function. Analyzing the innervation process should provide insight into the nerve-endocrine interactions and their roles in development and disease. Here, using in vivo time-lapse imaging and genetic analyses in zebrafish, we determined the events leading to islet innervation. Comparable neural density in the absence of vasculature indicates that it is dispensable for early pancreatic innervation. Neural crest cells are in close contact with endocrine cells early in development. We find these cells give rise to neurons that extend axons toward the islet as they surprisingly migrate away. Specific ablation of these neurons partly prevents other neurons from migrating away from the islet resulting in diminished innervation. Thus, our studies establish the zebrafish as a model to interrogate mechanisms of organ innervation, and reveal a novel mode of innervation whereby neurons establish connections with their targets before migrating away.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Hsuan Carol Yang
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Koichi Kawakami
- Division of Molecular and Developmental Biology, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan.,Department of Genetics, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Mishima, Japan
| | - Didier Yr Stainier
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
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40
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Nakayama H, Katayama K, Onabe Y, Sato A, Nishimura N, Shimada Y. Dried Rotifer Sheet: A Novel Live Feed for Rearing First-Feeding Larvae. Zebrafish 2018; 15:291-294. [DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2017.1553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Nakayama
- Graduate School of Regional Innovation Studies, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
| | - Kan Katayama
- Department of Cardiology and Nephrology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | | | | | - Norihio Nishimura
- Graduate School of Regional Innovation Studies, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Shimada
- Department of Integrative Pharmacology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
- Department of Bioinformatics, Advanced Science Research Promotion Center, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
- Mie University Zebrafish Drug Screening Center, Tsu, Japan
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41
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Walczyńska A, Labecka AM, Sobczyk M. What may a fussy creature reveal about body/cell size integration under stressful conditions? Dev Genes Evol 2018; 228:179-188. [PMID: 29728762 PMCID: PMC6013519 DOI: 10.1007/s00427-018-0613-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
There is a growing amount of empirical evidence on the important role of cell size in body size adjustment in ambient or changing conditions. Though the adaptive significance of their correspondence is well understood and demonstrated, the proximate mechanisms are still in a phase of speculation. We made interesting observations on body/cell size adjustment under stressful conditions during an experiment designed for another purpose. We found that the strength of the body/cell size match is condition-dependent. Specifically, it is stronger under more stressful conditions, and it changes depending on exposure to lower temperature vs. exposure to higher temperature. The question whether these observations are of limiting or adaptive character remains open; yet, according to our results, both versions are possible but may differ in response to stress caused by too low vs. too high temperatures. Our results suggest that testing the hypotheses on body/cell size match may be a promising study system for the recent scientific dispute on the evolutionary meaning of developmental noise as opposed to phenotypic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Walczyńska
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Anna Maria Labecka
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Mateusz Sobczyk
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
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42
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Zhong S, Wang Y, Li J, Wang M, Meng L, Ma Z, Zhang S, Liu Z. Spatial and temporal expression of bmp8a and its role in regulation of lipid metabolism in zebrafish Danio rerio. GENE REPORTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2017.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Raj A, Shah P, Agrawal N. Sedentary behavior and altered metabolic activity by AgNPs ingestion in Drosophila melanogaster. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15617. [PMID: 29142316 PMCID: PMC5688153 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15645-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Among several nanoparticles, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are extensively used in a wide variety of consumer products due to its unique antimicrobial property. However, dosage effect of AgNPs on behavior and metabolic activity in an in vivo condition is not well studied. Therefore, to elucidate the impact of AgNPs on behavior and metabolism, systematic and detailed dosages study of AgNPs was performed by rearing Drosophila melanogaster on food without and with AgNPs. We found that dietary intake of AgNPs at early larval stage leads to behavioral abnormalities such as poor crawling and climbing ability of larvae and adults respectively. Interestingly, intake of higher dosage of AgNPs at larval stage significantly altered metabolic activity that includes lipid, carbohydrate and protein levels in adult flies. Further, detailed analysis revealed that AgNPs causes remarkable reduction in the number of lipid droplets (LDs) which are lipid storage organelles in Drosophila. We also observed an increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in AgNPs ingested larval tissues. These results strongly imply that higher dosage of AgNPs ingestion from early larval stage of Drosophila is inimical and thereby draws concern towards the usage of AgNPs in consumer goods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akanksha Raj
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Prasanna Shah
- Acropolis Institute of Technology and Research, Indore, 453771, India
| | - Namita Agrawal
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India.
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The tumor suppressor LKB1 regulates starvation-induced autophagy under systemic metabolic stress. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7327. [PMID: 28779098 PMCID: PMC5544676 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07116-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved process that degrades cellular components to restore energy homeostasis under limited nutrient conditions. How this starvation-induced autophagy is regulated at the whole-body level is not fully understood. Here, we show that the tumor suppressor Lkb1, which activates the key energy sensor AMPK, also regulates starvation-induced autophagy at the organismal level. Lkb1-deficient zebrafish larvae fail to activate autophagy in response to nutrient restriction upon yolk termination, shown by reduced levels of the autophagy-activating proteins Atg5, Lc3-II and Becn1, and aberrant accumulation of the cargo receptor and autophagy substrate p62. We demonstrate that the autophagy defect in lkb1 mutants can be partially rescued by inhibiting mTOR signaling but not by inhibiting the PI3K pathway. Interestingly, mTOR-independent activation of autophagy restores degradation of the aberrantly accumulated p62 in lkb1 mutants and prolongs their survival. Our data uncover a novel critical role for Lkb1 in regulating starvation-induced autophagy at the organismal level, providing mechanistic insight into metabolic adaptation during development.
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45
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Gut P, Reischauer S, Stainier DYR, Arnaout R. LITTLE FISH, BIG DATA: ZEBRAFISH AS A MODEL FOR CARDIOVASCULAR AND METABOLIC DISEASE. Physiol Rev 2017; 97:889-938. [PMID: 28468832 PMCID: PMC5817164 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00038.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The burden of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases worldwide is staggering. The emergence of systems approaches in biology promises new therapies, faster and cheaper diagnostics, and personalized medicine. However, a profound understanding of pathogenic mechanisms at the cellular and molecular levels remains a fundamental requirement for discovery and therapeutics. Animal models of human disease are cornerstones of drug discovery as they allow identification of novel pharmacological targets by linking gene function with pathogenesis. The zebrafish model has been used for decades to study development and pathophysiology. More than ever, the specific strengths of the zebrafish model make it a prime partner in an age of discovery transformed by big-data approaches to genomics and disease. Zebrafish share a largely conserved physiology and anatomy with mammals. They allow a wide range of genetic manipulations, including the latest genome engineering approaches. They can be bred and studied with remarkable speed, enabling a range of large-scale phenotypic screens. Finally, zebrafish demonstrate an impressive regenerative capacity scientists hope to unlock in humans. Here, we provide a comprehensive guide on applications of zebrafish to investigate cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. We delineate advantages and limitations of zebrafish models of human disease and summarize their most significant contributions to understanding disease progression to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Gut
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne, Switzerland; Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany; and Cardiovascular Research Institute and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Sven Reischauer
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne, Switzerland; Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany; and Cardiovascular Research Institute and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Didier Y R Stainier
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne, Switzerland; Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany; and Cardiovascular Research Institute and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Rima Arnaout
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne, Switzerland; Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany; and Cardiovascular Research Institute and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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Hazegh KE, Nemkov T, D’Alessandro A, Diller JD, Monks J, McManaman JL, Jones KL, Hansen KC, Reis T. An autonomous metabolic role for Spen. PLoS Genet 2017. [PMID: 28640815 PMCID: PMC5501677 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Preventing obesity requires a precise balance between deposition into and mobilization from fat stores, but regulatory mechanisms are incompletely understood. Drosophila Split ends (Spen) is the founding member of a conserved family of RNA-binding proteins involved in transcriptional regulation and frequently mutated in human cancers. We find that manipulating Spen expression alters larval fat levels in a cell-autonomous manner. Spen-depleted larvae had defects in energy liberation from stores, including starvation sensitivity and major changes in the levels of metabolic enzymes and metabolites, particularly those involved in β-oxidation. Spenito, a small Spen family member, counteracted Spen function in fat regulation. Finally, mouse Spen and Spenito transcript levels scaled directly with body fat in vivo, suggesting a conserved role in fat liberation and catabolism. This study demonstrates that Spen is a key regulator of energy balance and provides a molecular context to understand the metabolic defects that arise from Spen dysfunction. All animals need energy to fuel development and survive as adults. Excess energy stored as fat provides a means to endure periods when external energy is unavailable, but there is a delicate balance between accumulating sufficient fat stores and becoming obese. While the enzymes that mediate energy deposition into and mobilization from fat stores are well studied, the complex upstream regulatory pathways have not been fully worked out. We report here that two members of a conserved family of RNA-binding proteins, Spen and Nito, operate in fat storage cells in fruit fly larvae to control the expression of genes that mediate energy liberation from fat stores. Manipulating Spen or Spenito function grossly perturbs larval energy metabolism, including imbalances in the amounts of stored fats, key metabolites, and metabolic enzymes, and resulting in defects in survival under starvation conditions. Interestingly, Nito opposes Spen functions, indicative of a regulatory mechanism that helps keep energy balance in check. We find that the mouse homologs of Spen and Nito, which were known to regulate gene expression in other pathways, respond similarly to changes in body fat induced by a high-fat diet, suggesting that the balancing effect of these two proteins also prevents mammalian obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey E. Hazegh
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO United States of America
| | - Travis Nemkov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO United States of America
| | - Angelo D’Alessandro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO United States of America
| | - John D. Diller
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO United States of America
| | - Jenifer Monks
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO United States of America
| | - James L. McManaman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO United States of America
| | - Kenneth L. Jones
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology, Oncology, and Bone Marrow Transplant, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO United States of America
| | - Kirk C. Hansen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO United States of America
| | - Tânia Reis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Mechaly AS, Richardson E, Rinkwitz S. Activity of etv5a and etv5b genes in the hypothalamus of fasted zebrafish is influenced by serotonin. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2017; 246:233-240. [PMID: 28041791 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2016.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 12/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Serotonin has been implicated in the inhibition of food intake in vertebrates. However, the mechanisms through which serotonin acts has yet to be elucidated. Recently, ETV5 (ets variant gene 5) has been associated with obesity and food intake control mechanisms in mammals. We have analyzed a putative physiological function of the two etv5 paralogous genes (etv5a and etv5b) in neuronal food intake control in adult zebrafish that have been exposed to different nutritional conditions. A feeding assay was established and fluoxetine, a selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor (SSRI), was applied. Gene expression changes in the hypothalamus were determined using real-time PCR. Fasting induced an up-regulation of etv5a and etv5b in the hypothalamus, whereas increased serotonin levels in the fasted fish counteracted the increase in expression. To investigate potential mechanisms the expression of further food intake control genes was determined. The results show that an increase of serotonin in fasting fish causes a reduction in the activity of genes stimulating food intake. This is in line with a previously demonstrated anorexigenic function of serotonin. Our results suggest that obesity-associated ETV5 has a food intake stimulating function and that this function is modulated through serotonin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro S Mechaly
- Dept. of Physiology, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown 2050, Australia.
| | - Ebony Richardson
- Dept. of Physiology, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown 2050, Australia
| | - Silke Rinkwitz
- Dept. of Physiology, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown 2050, Australia.
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High dietary arachidonic acid levels induce changes in complex lipids and immune-related eicosanoids and increase levels of oxidised metabolites in zebrafish (Danio rerio). Br J Nutr 2017; 117:1075-1085. [PMID: 28485254 PMCID: PMC5481881 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114517000903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This study explores the effect of high dietary arachidonic acid (ARA) levels (high ARA) compared with low dietary ARA levels (control) on the general metabolism using zebrafish as the model organism. The fatty acid composition of today's 'modern diet' tends towards higher n-6 PUFA levels in relation to n-3 PUFA. Low dietary n-3:n-6 PUFA ratio is a health concern, as n-6 PUFA give rise to eicosanoids and PG, which are traditionally considered pro-inflammatory, especially when derived from ARA. Juvenile zebrafish fed a high-ARA diet for 17 d had a lower whole-body n-3:n-6 PUFA ratio compared with zebrafish fed a low-ARA (control) diet (0·6 in the control group v. 0·2 in the high-ARA group). Metabolic profiling revealed altered levels of eicosanoids, PUFA, dicarboxylic acids and complex lipids such as glycerophospholipids and lysophospholipids as the most significant differences compared with the control group. ARA-derived hydroxylated eicosanoids, such as hydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acids, were elevated in response to high-ARA feed. In addition, increased levels of oxidised lipids and amino acids indicated an oxidised environment due to n-6 PUFA excess in the fish. To conclude, our results indicate that an ARA-enriched diet induces changes in complex lipids and immune-related eicosanoids and increases levels of oxidised lipids and amino acids, suggesting oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation.
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Landgraf K, Schuster S, Meusel A, Garten A, Riemer T, Schleinitz D, Kiess W, Körner A. Short-term overfeeding of zebrafish with normal or high-fat diet as a model for the development of metabolically healthy versus unhealthy obesity. BMC PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 17:4. [PMID: 28327129 PMCID: PMC5361797 DOI: 10.1186/s12899-017-0031-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obese individuals differ in their risk of developing metabolic and cardiovascular complications depending on fat distribution (subcutaneous versus visceral) and adipose tissue (AT) phenotype (hyperplasic versus hypertrophic). However, the exact mechanisms which determine whether an obese individual is metabolically healthy or unhealthy are not clear, and analyses of the underlying pathomechanisms are limited by the lack of suitable in vivo models in which metabolically healthy versus metabolically unhealthy AT accumulation can be specifically induced. In the current study, we aimed to establish a protocol for the use of zebrafish as a model for obesity-related metabolically healthy versus metabolically unhealthy AT accumulation. METHODS We overfed adult male zebrafish of the AB strain with normal fat diet (NFD) or high fat diet (HFD) for 8 weeks and compared parameters related to obesity, i.e. body weight, body mass index, condition index and body fat percentage, to control zebrafish fed under physiological conditions. In addition, we investigated the presence of early obesity-related metabolic alterations by quantifying blood glucose levels, plasma triglyceride and cholesterol levels, and by assessing ectopic lipid accumulation in the liver of zebrafish. Finally, we determined gene expression levels of marker genes related to lipid metabolism, inflammation and fibrosis in visceral AT and liver. RESULTS We show that 8-weeks overfeeding with either NFD or HFD leads to a significant increase in body weight and AT mass compared to controls. In contrast to NFD-overfed zebrafish, HFD-overfed zebrafish additionally present metabolic alterations, e.g. hyperglycemia and ectopic lipid accumulation in the liver, and a metabolically unhealthy AT phenotype with adipocyte hypertrophy especially in the visceral AT depot, which is accompanied by changes in the expression of marker genes for lipid metabolism, inflammation and fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS In summary, we have established a method for the specific induction of metabolically distinct obesity phenotypes in zebrafish. Our results indicate that zebrafish represents an attractive model to study regulatory mechanisms involved in the determination of AT phenotype during development of metabolically healthy versus metabolically unhealthy obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Landgraf
- Center for Pediatric Research Leipzig (CPL), University Hospital for Children & Adolescents, University of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 21, 04103, Leipzig, Germany. .,Integrated Research and Treatment Center (IFB) Adiposity Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Susanne Schuster
- Center for Pediatric Research Leipzig (CPL), University Hospital for Children & Adolescents, University of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 21, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andrej Meusel
- Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Antje Garten
- Center for Pediatric Research Leipzig (CPL), University Hospital for Children & Adolescents, University of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 21, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas Riemer
- Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Dorit Schleinitz
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center (IFB) Adiposity Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Wieland Kiess
- Center for Pediatric Research Leipzig (CPL), University Hospital for Children & Adolescents, University of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 21, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Antje Körner
- Center for Pediatric Research Leipzig (CPL), University Hospital for Children & Adolescents, University of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 21, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.,Integrated Research and Treatment Center (IFB) Adiposity Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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Quinlivan VH, Wilson MH, Ruzicka J, Farber SA. An HPLC-CAD/fluorescence lipidomics platform using fluorescent fatty acids as metabolic tracers. J Lipid Res 2017; 58:1008-1020. [PMID: 28280113 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.d072918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorescent lipids are important tools for live imaging in cell culture and animal models, yet their metabolism has not been well-characterized. Here we describe a novel combined HPLC and LC-MS/MS method developed to characterize both total lipid profiles and the products of fluorescently labeled lipids. Using this approach, we found that lipids labeled with the fluorescent tags, 4,4-difluoro-5,7-dimethyl-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene (BODIPY FL), 4,4-difluoro-5-(2-thienyl)-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene [BODIPY(558/568)], and dipyrrometheneboron difluoride undecanoic acid (TopFluor) are all metabolized into varying arrays of polar and nonpolar fluorescent lipid products when they are fed to larval zebrafish. Quantitative metabolic labeling experiments performed in this system revealed significant effects of total dietary lipid composition on fluorescent lipid partitioning. We provide evidence that cholesterol metabolism in the intestine is important in determining the metabolic fates of dietary FAs. Using this method, we found that inhibitors of dietary cholesterol absorption and esterification both decreased incorporation of dietary fluorescent FAs into cholesterol esters (CEs), suggesting that CE synthesis in enterocytes is primarily responsive to the availability of dietary cholesterol. These results are the first to comprehensively characterize fluorescent FA metabolism and to demonstrate their utility as metabolic labeling reagents, effectively coupling quantitative biochemistry with live imaging studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa H Quinlivan
- Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, MD 21218.,Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218; and
| | - Meredith H Wilson
- Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, MD 21218
| | | | - Steven A Farber
- Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, MD 21218; .,Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218; and
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