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Jin Z, Cao Y. Gremlin1: a BMP antagonist with therapeutic potential in Oncology. Invest New Drugs 2024:10.1007/s10637-024-01474-8. [PMID: 39347850 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-024-01474-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2024] [Accepted: 09/18/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024]
Abstract
Gremlins, originating from early 20th-century Western folklore, are mythical creatures known for causing mechanical malfunctions and electronic failures, aptly dubbed "little devils". Analogously, GREM1 acts like a horde of these mischievous entities by antagonizing the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP signaling) pathway or through other non-BMP dependent mechanisms (such as binding to Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 1and Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor) contributing to the malignant progression of various cancers. The overexpression of GREM1 promotes tumor cell growth and survival, enhances angiogenesis within the tumor microenvironment, and creates favorable conditions for tumor development and dissemination. Consequently, inhibiting the activity of GREM1 or blocking its interaction with BMP presents a promising strategy for suppressing tumor growth and metastasis. However, the role of GREM1 in cancer remains a subject of debate, with evidence suggesting both oncogenic and tumor-suppressive functions. Currently, several pharmaceutical companies are researching the GREM1 target, with some advancing to Phase I/II clinical trials. This article will provide a detailed overview of the GREM1 target and explore its potential role in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Jin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Yanshuo Cao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China.
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2
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Tian Y, Lin Y, Qu C, Arndt V, Baurley JW, Berndt SI, Bien SA, Bishop DT, Brenner H, Buchanan DD, Budiarto A, Campbell PT, Carreras-Torres R, Casey G, Chan AT, Chen R, Chen X, Conti DV, Díez-Obrero V, Dimou N, Drew DA, Figueiredo JC, Gallinger S, Giles GG, Gruber SB, Gunter MJ, Harlid S, Harrison TA, Hidaka A, Hoffmeister M, Huyghe JR, Jenkins MA, Jordahl KM, Joshi AD, Keku TO, Kawaguchi E, Kim AE, Kundaje A, Larsson SC, Marchand LL, Lewinger JP, Li L, Moreno V, Morrison J, Murphy N, Nan H, Nassir R, Newcomb PA, Obón-Santacana M, Ogino S, Ose J, Pardamean B, Pellatt AJ, Peoples AR, Platz EA, Potter JD, Prentice RL, Rennert G, Ruiz-Narvaez EA, Sakoda LC, Schoen RE, Shcherbina A, Stern MC, Su YR, Thibodeau SN, Thomas DC, Tsilidis KK, van Duijnhoven FJB, Van Guelpen B, Visvanathan K, White E, Wolk A, Woods MO, Wu AH, Peters U, Gauderman WJ, Hsu L, Chang-Claude J. Genetic risk impacts the association of menopausal hormone therapy with colorectal cancer risk. Br J Cancer 2024; 130:1687-1696. [PMID: 38561434 PMCID: PMC11091089 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-024-02638-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Menopausal hormone therapy (MHT), a common treatment to relieve symptoms of menopause, is associated with a lower risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). To inform CRC risk prediction and MHT risk-benefit assessment, we aimed to evaluate the joint association of a polygenic risk score (PRS) for CRC and MHT on CRC risk. METHODS We used data from 28,486 postmenopausal women (11,519 cases and 16,967 controls) of European descent. A PRS based on 141 CRC-associated genetic variants was modeled as a categorical variable in quartiles. Multiplicative interaction between PRS and MHT use was evaluated using logistic regression. Additive interaction was measured using the relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI). 30-year cumulative risks of CRC for 50-year-old women according to MHT use and PRS were calculated. RESULTS The reduction in odds ratios by MHT use was larger in women within the highest quartile of PRS compared to that in women within the lowest quartile of PRS (p-value = 2.7 × 10-8). At the highest quartile of PRS, the 30-year CRC risk was statistically significantly lower for women taking any MHT than for women not taking any MHT, 3.7% (3.3%-4.0%) vs 6.1% (5.7%-6.5%) (difference 2.4%, P-value = 1.83 × 10-14); these differences were also statistically significant but smaller in magnitude in the lowest PRS quartile, 1.6% (1.4%-1.8%) vs 2.2% (1.9%-2.4%) (difference 0.6%, P-value = 1.01 × 10-3), indicating 4 times greater reduction in absolute risk associated with any MHT use in the highest compared to the lowest quartile of genetic CRC risk. CONCLUSIONS MHT use has a greater impact on the reduction of CRC risk for women at higher genetic risk. These findings have implications for the development of risk prediction models for CRC and potentially for the consideration of genetic information in the risk-benefit assessment of MHT use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Tian
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yi Lin
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Conghui Qu
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Volker Arndt
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - James W Baurley
- Bioinformatics and Data Science Research Center, Bina Nusantara University, Jakarta, Indonesia
- BioRealm LLC, Walnut, CA, USA
| | - Sonja I Berndt
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stephanie A Bien
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - D Timothy Bishop
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniel D Buchanan
- Colorectal Oncogenomics Group, Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
- University of Melbourne Centre for Cancer Research, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
- Genomic Medicine and Family Cancer Clinic, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Arif Budiarto
- Bioinformatics and Data Science Research Center, Bina Nusantara University, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Peter T Campbell
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Robert Carreras-Torres
- Colorectal Cancer Group, ONCOBELL Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Oncology Data Analytics Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Digestive Diseases and Microbiota Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute Dr Josep Trueta (IDIBGI), Salt, 17190, Girona, Spain
| | - Graham Casey
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Andrew T Chan
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rui Chen
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuechen Chen
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David V Conti
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Virginia Díez-Obrero
- Colorectal Cancer Group, ONCOBELL Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Oncology Data Analytics Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Niki Dimou
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - David A Drew
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jane C Figueiredo
- Department of Medicine, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Steven Gallinger
- Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Graham G Giles
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Stephen B Gruber
- Department of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Marc J Gunter
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Sophia Harlid
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology Unit, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Tabitha A Harrison
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Akihisa Hidaka
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Michael Hoffmeister
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jeroen R Huyghe
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Mark A Jenkins
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kristina M Jordahl
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Amit D Joshi
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Temitope O Keku
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Eric Kawaguchi
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Andre E Kim
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Anshul Kundaje
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Susanna C Larsson
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Juan Pablo Lewinger
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Li Li
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Victor Moreno
- Colorectal Cancer Group, ONCOBELL Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Oncology Data Analytics Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and health Sciences and Universitat de Barcelona Institute of Complex Systems (UBICS), University of Barcelona (UB), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - John Morrison
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Neil Murphy
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Hongmei Nan
- Department of Global Health, Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Rami Nassir
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura'a University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | - Polly A Newcomb
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Mireia Obón-Santacana
- Colorectal Cancer Group, ONCOBELL Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Oncology Data Analytics Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Shuji Ogino
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Tokyo Medical and Dental University (Institute of Science Tokyo), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jennifer Ose
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Hochschule Hannover, University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Department III: Media, Information and Design, Hannover, Germany
| | - Bens Pardamean
- Bioinformatics and Data Science Research Center, Bina Nusantara University, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Andrew J Pellatt
- Department of Cancer Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Anita R Peoples
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Platz
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - John D Potter
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Research Centre for Hauora and Health, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Ross L Prentice
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Gad Rennert
- Department of Community Medicine and Epidemiology, Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
- Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
- Clalit National Cancer Control Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Edward A Ruiz-Narvaez
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Lori C Sakoda
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Robert E Schoen
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Anna Shcherbina
- Biomedical Informatics Program, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Mariana C Stern
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yu-Ru Su
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Stephen N Thibodeau
- Division of Laboratory Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Duncan C Thomas
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Konstantinos K Tsilidis
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina, Greece
| | | | - Bethany Van Guelpen
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology Unit, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Kala Visvanathan
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Emily White
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alicja Wolk
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michael O Woods
- Memorial University of Newfoundland, Discipline of Genetics, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Anna H Wu
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ulrike Peters
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - W James Gauderman
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Li Hsu
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
- University Cancer Centre Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
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3
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Zhang M, Wang X, Yang N, Zhu X, Lu Z, Cai Y, Li B, Zhu Y, Li X, Wei Y, Zhang S, Tian J, Miao X. Prioritization of risk genes in colorectal cancer by integrative analysis of multi-omics data and gene networks. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2024; 67:132-148. [PMID: 37747674 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-023-2439-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified over 140 colorectal cancer (CRC)-associated loci; however, target genes at the majority of loci and underlying molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we utilized a Bayesian approach, integrative risk gene selector (iRIGS), to prioritize risk genes at CRC GWAS loci by integrating multi-omics data. As a result, a total of 105 high-confidence risk genes (HRGs) were identified, which exhibited strong gene dependencies for CRC and enrichment in the biological processes implicated in CRC. Among the 105 HRGs, CEBPB, located at the 20q13.13 locus, acted as a transcription factor playing critical roles in cancer. Our subsequent assays indicated the tumor promoter function of CEBPB that facilitated CRC cell proliferation by regulating multiple oncogenic pathways such as MAPK, PI3K-Akt, and Ras signaling. Next, by integrating a fine-mapping analysis and three independent case-control studies in Chinese populations consisting of 8,039 cases and 12,775 controls, we elucidated that rs1810503, a putative functional variant regulating CEBPB, was associated with CRC risk (OR=0.90, 95%CI=0.86-0.93, P=1.07×10-7). The association between rs1810503 and CRC risk was further validated in three additional multi-ancestry populations consisting of 24,254 cases and 58,741 controls. Mechanistically, the rs1810503 A to T allele change weakened the enhancer activity in an allele-specific manner to decrease CEBPB expression via long-range promoter-enhancer interactions, mediated by the transcription factor, REST, and thus decreased CRC risk. In summary, our study provides a genetic resource and a generalizable strategy for CRC etiology investigation, and highlights the biological implications of CEBPB in CRC tumorigenesis, shedding new light on the etiology of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Wuhan, 430071, China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
- Research Center of Public Health, Renmin hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Xiaoyang Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Wuhan, 430071, China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Henan Engineering Research Center of Cancer Prevention and Control, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cancer Prevention, Zhengzhou, 450008, China
| | - Nan Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Wuhan, 430071, China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
- Research Center of Public Health, Renmin hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Xu Zhu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Zequn Lu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Wuhan, 430071, China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Yimin Cai
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Wuhan, 430071, China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Wuhan, 430071, China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Wuhan, 430071, China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Xiangpan Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Yongchang Wei
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Shaokai Zhang
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Henan Engineering Research Center of Cancer Prevention and Control, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cancer Prevention, Zhengzhou, 450008, China.
| | - Jianbo Tian
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Wuhan, 430071, China.
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
- Research Center of Public Health, Renmin hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.
| | - Xiaoping Miao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Wuhan, 430071, China.
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
- Research Center of Public Health, Renmin hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430073, China.
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
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4
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Bonjoch L, Fernandez-Rozadilla C, Alvarez-Barona M, Lopez-Novo A, Herrera-Pariente C, Amigo J, Bujanda L, Remedios D, Dacal A, Cubiella J, Balaguer F, Fernández-Bañares F, Carracedo A, Jover R, Castellvi-Bel S, Ruiz-Ponte C. BMPR2 as a Novel Predisposition Gene for Hereditary Colorectal Polyposis. Gastroenterology 2023; 165:162-172.e5. [PMID: 36907526 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2023.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most prevalent tumors worldwide, with incidence quickly increasing (particularly in the context of early-onset cases), despite important prevention efforts, mainly in the form of population-wide screening programs. Although many cases present a clear familial component, the current list of hereditary CRC genes leaves a considerable proportion of the cases unexplained. METHODS In this work, we used whole-exome sequencing approaches on 19 unrelated patients with unexplained colonic polyposis to identify candidate CRC predisposition genes. The candidate genes were then validated in an additional series of 365 patients. CRISPR-Cas9 models were used to validate BMPR2 as a potential candidate for CRC risk. RESULTS We found 8 individuals carrying 6 different variants in the BMPR2 gene (approximately 2% of our cohort of patients with unexplained colonic polyposis). CRISPR-Cas9 models of 3 of these variants showed that the p.(Asn442Thrfs∗32) truncating variant completely abrogated BMP pathway function in a similar way to the BMPR2 knockout. Missense variants p.(Asn565Ser), p.(Ser967Pro) had varying effects on cell proliferation levels, with the former impairing cell control inhibition via noncanonical pathways. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, these results support loss-of-function BMPR2 variants as candidates to be involved in CRC germline predisposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laia Bonjoch
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer, Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Enfermedades Hepaticas y Digestivas, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ceres Fernandez-Rozadilla
- Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Santiago, Grupo de Medicina Xenomica, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Miriam Alvarez-Barona
- Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Santiago, Grupo de Medicina Xenomica, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Madrid, Spain
| | - Anael Lopez-Novo
- Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Santiago, Grupo de Medicina Xenomica, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Cristina Herrera-Pariente
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer, Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Enfermedades Hepaticas y Digestivas, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jorge Amigo
- Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Santiago, Grupo de Medicina Xenomica, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Bujanda
- Hospital Universitario de Donostia, Instituto Biodonostia, Universidad del Pais Vasco, Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Enfermedades Hepaticas y Digestivas, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - David Remedios
- Department of Gastroenterology, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Ourense, Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Enfermedades Hepaticas y Digestivas, Ourense, Spain
| | - Andrés Dacal
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Lucus Augusti, Lugo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Joaquín Cubiella
- Department of Gastroenterology, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Ourense, Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Enfermedades Hepaticas y Digestivas, Ourense, Spain
| | - Francesc Balaguer
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer, Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Enfermedades Hepaticas y Digestivas, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando Fernández-Bañares
- Hospital Universitari Mutua Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Ourense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Angel Carracedo
- Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Santiago, Grupo de Medicina Xenomica, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rodrigo Jover
- Digestive Medicine Department, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Departamento de Medicina Clínica, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Alicante, Spain
| | - Sergi Castellvi-Bel
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer, Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Enfermedades Hepaticas y Digestivas, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Clara Ruiz-Ponte
- Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Santiago, Grupo de Medicina Xenomica, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Madrid, Spain.
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5
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Otsuka K, Iwasaki T. Insights into radiation carcinogenesis based on dose-rate effects in tissue stem cells. Int J Radiat Biol 2023; 99:1503-1521. [PMID: 36971595 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2023.2194398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Increasing epidemiological and biological evidence suggests that radiation exposure enhances cancer risk in a dose-dependent manner. This can be attributed to the 'dose-rate effect,' where the biological effect of low dose-rate radiation is lower than that of the same dose at a high dose-rate. This effect has been reported in epidemiological studies and experimental biology, although the underlying biological mechanisms are not completely understood. In this review, we aim to propose a suitable model for radiation carcinogenesis based on the dose-rate effect in tissue stem cells. METHODS We surveyed and summarized the latest studies on the mechanisms of carcinogenesis. Next, we summarized the radiosensitivity of intestinal stem cells and the role of dose-rate in the modulation of stem-cell dynamics after irradiation. RESULTS Consistently, driver mutations can be detected in most cancers from past to present, supporting the hypothesis that cancer progression is initiated by the accumulation of driver mutations. Recent reports demonstrated that driver mutations can be observed even in normal tissues, which suggests that the accumulation of mutations is a necessary condition for cancer progression. In addition, driver mutations in tissue stem cells can cause tumors, whereas they are not sufficient when they occur in non-stem cells. For non-stem cells, tissue remodeling induced by marked inflammation after the loss of tissue cells is important in addition to the accumulation of mutations. Therefore, the mechanism of carcinogenesis differs according to the cell type and magnitude of stress. In addition, our results indicated that non-irradiated stem cells tend to be eliminated from three-dimensional cultures of intestinal stem cells (organoids) composed of irradiated and non-irradiated stem cells, supporting the stem-cell competition. CONCLUSIONS We propose a unique scheme in which the dose-rate dependent response of intestinal stem cells incorporates the concept of the threshold of stem-cell competition and context-dependent target shift from stem cells to whole tissue. The concept highlights four key issues that should be considered in radiation carcinogenesis: i.e. accumulation of mutations; tissue reconstitution; stem-cell competition; and environmental factors like epigenetic modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kensuke Otsuka
- Biology and Environmental Chemistry Division, Sustainable System Research Laboratory, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiyasu Iwasaki
- Strategy and Planning Division, Sustainable System Research Laboratory, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, Tokyo, Japan
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6
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Zhao D, Chen H, Zhong J, Zhou X, Zhang J, Zhang Y. circRNA-ZCCHC14 affects the chondrogenic differentiation ability of peripheral blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells by regulating GREM1 through miR-181a. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2889. [PMID: 36804426 PMCID: PMC9938902 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29561-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2023] Open
Abstract
circRNAs play an important role in the progression of osteoarthritis (OA). Therefore, we aimed to reveal the mechanism of action of circRNA-ZCCHC14 in OA. OA animal and cell models were constructed, and clinical samples were collected. The expression of circRNA-ZCCHC14 and miR-181a was detected by RT‒qPCR. The chondrogenic differentiation ability of peripheral blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells (PBMSCs) was detected by Alcian blue staining. The expression of chondrogenic differentiation-related proteins was detected by Western blotting. Double fluorescein experiments verified the targeting relationship of miR-181a with circRNA-ZCCHC14 and GREM1. Upregulation of circRNA-ZCCHC14 was observed in blood, in BMP-2- and TGF-β3-treated PBMSCs from OA patients and in animal models. Knockdown of circRNA-ZCCHC14 promoted the chondrogenic differentiation ability of PBMSCs. circRNA-ZCCHC14 was found to bind to miR-181a and negatively regulate miR-181a expression. Inhibition of miR-181a reversed the promoting effect of circRNA-ZCCHC14 knockdown on the chondrogenic differentiation ability of PBMSCs. GREM1 was identified as a target of miR-181a. Overexpression and knockdown of GREM1 regulated the expression of BMP2, which in turn affected the chondrogenic differentiation ability of PBMSCs, indicating that GREM1 and BMP2 have antagonistic effects and that they jointly regulate the chondrogenic differentiation of PBMSCs. circRNA-ZCCHC14 may promote the chondrogenic differentiation ability of PBMSCs by regulating miR-181a and inhibiting the expression of GREM1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daohong Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Sports Medicine, The First People’s Hospital of Kunming City, Kunming, China
| | - Jia Zhong
- Department of Orthopaedics, The People’s Hospital of XiShuangBanNa State, Jinghong, China
| | - Xizong Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, The People’s Hospital of YanJing County, Zhaotong, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- grid.415444.40000 0004 1800 0367Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yuhao Zhang
- grid.415444.40000 0004 1800 0367Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
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7
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Mitroi AF, Leopa N, Dumitru E, Dumitru A, Tocia C, Popescu I, Mitroi A, Popescu RC. TCF7L2, CASC8, and GREM1 polymorphism and colorectal cancer in south-eastern Romanian population. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e33056. [PMID: 36800588 PMCID: PMC9936048 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000033056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a heterogeneous disease with an increasing trend and with multiple epigenetic alterations and different molecular features, a major cause of mortality and morbidity. The Wnt/β-Catenin pathway is involved in multiple aspects of cell dynamics, architecture of developing gastrointestinal tissues, and intestinal tissue homeostasis in adults, but its aberrant activity plays an important role in every aspect of colorectal carcinogenesis. The aim of our study was to investigate the association of the TCF7L2 rs7903146, CASC8 rs6983267, and Gremlin1 (GREM1) rs16969681 polymorphism in patients with CRC without other pathologies. A case-control study conducted on 31 patients diagnosed with CRC and 30 healthy controls age and sex-matched with the patients. Real time PCR was used to determine the genotypes of rs7903146, rs698267, rs1696981. We observed no association between rs6983267 and rs16969681 polymorphism and risk of CRC and low association between TCF7L2, rs7903146, polymorphism and risk of CRC. The recessive model of the TCF7L2 rs7903146 had an OR of 1.6 (95% CI 0.058-4.414, P < .05) which means that TT genotype increased the risk and possibility of development of CRC. Our study did not confirm a significant association between TCF7L2 rs7903146, CASC8 rs6983267, and GREM1 rs16969681 with CRC, but emphasizes the possibility of existence of a high risk of CRC development in patients with TT genotype of rs7903146.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca Florentina Mitroi
- Department of Pathology, Emergency Hospital of Constanța, Romania
- Ovidius University, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy Constanta, Romania
| | - Nicoleta Leopa
- Ovidius University, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy Constanta, Romania
- Department of General Surgery, Emergency Hospital of Constanța, Romania
| | - Eugen Dumitru
- Ovidius University, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy Constanta, Romania
- Department of Gastroenterology, Emergency Hospital of Constanța, Romania
| | - Andrei Dumitru
- Ovidius University, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy Constanta, Romania
- Department of Gastroenterology, Emergency Hospital of Constanța, Romania
| | - Cristina Tocia
- Ovidius University, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy Constanta, Romania
- Department of Gastroenterology, Emergency Hospital of Constanța, Romania
| | - Ioana Popescu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Emergency Hospital of Constanța, Romania
| | - Adrian Mitroi
- Ovidius University, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy Constanta, Romania
| | - Răzvan Cătălin Popescu
- Ovidius University, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy Constanta, Romania
- Department of General Surgery, Emergency Hospital of Constanța, Romania
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8
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Tan Y, He Q, Chan KHK. Identification of shared genetic architecture between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and type 2 diabetes: A genome-wide analysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1050049. [PMID: 37033223 PMCID: PMC10073682 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1050049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of complications of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) has been increasing. METHOD In order to identify the shared genetic architecture of the two disease phenotypes of NAFLD and T2D, a European population-based GWAS summary and a cross-trait meta-analysis was used to identify significant shared genes for NAFLD and T2D. The enrichment of shared genes was then determined through the use of functional enrichment analysis to investigate the relationship between genes and phenotypes. Additionally, differential gene expression analysis was performed, significant differentially expressed genes in NAFLD and T2D were identified, genes that overlapped between those that were differentially expressed and cross-trait results were reported, and enrichment analysis was performed on the core genes that had been obtained in this way. Finally, the application of a bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) approach determined the causal link between NAFLD and T2D. RESULT A total of 115 genes were discovered to be shared between NAFLD and T2D in the GWAS analysis. The enrichment analysis of these genes showed that some were involved in the processes such as the decomposition and metabolism of lipids, phospholipids, and glycerophospholipids. Additionally, through the use of differential gene expression analysis, 15 core genes were confirmed to be linked to both T2D and NAFLD. They were correlated with carcinoma cells and inflammation. Furthermore, the bidirectional MR identified a positive causal relationship between NAFLD and T2D. CONCLUSION Our study determined the genetic structure shared between NAFLD and T2D, offering a new reference for the genetic pathogenesis and mechanism of NAFLD and T2D comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajing Tan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Qian He
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kei Hang Katie Chan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Cardiometabolic Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
- *Correspondence: Kei Hang Katie Chan,
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9
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Vignjević Petrinović S, Jauković A, Milošević M, Bugarski D, Budeč M. Targeting Stress Erythropoiesis Pathways in Cancer. Front Physiol 2022; 13:844042. [PMID: 35694408 PMCID: PMC9174937 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.844042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer-related anemia (CRA) is a common multifactorial disorder that adversely affects the quality of life and overall prognosis in patients with cancer. Safety concerns associated with the most common CRA treatment options, including intravenous iron therapy and erythropoietic-stimulating agents, have often resulted in no or suboptimal anemia management for many cancer patients. Chronic anemia creates a vital need to restore normal erythropoietic output and therefore activates the mechanisms of stress erythropoiesis (SE). A growing body of evidence demonstrates that bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) signaling, along with glucocorticoids, erythropoietin, stem cell factor, growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) and hypoxia-inducible factors, plays a pivotal role in SE. Nevertheless, a chronic state of SE may lead to ineffective erythropoiesis, characterized by the expansion of erythroid progenitor pool, that largely fails to differentiate and give rise to mature red blood cells, further aggravating CRA. In this review, we summarize the current state of knowledge on the emerging roles for stress erythroid progenitors and activated SE pathways in tumor progression, highlighting the urgent need to suppress ineffective erythropoiesis in cancer patients and develop an optimal treatment strategy as well as a personalized approach to CRA management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanja Vignjević Petrinović
- Laboratory for Neuroendocrinology, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Jauković
- Laboratory for Experimental Hematology and Stem Cells, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Maja Milošević
- Laboratory for Neuroendocrinology, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Diana Bugarski
- Laboratory for Experimental Hematology and Stem Cells, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mirela Budeč
- Laboratory for Neuroendocrinology, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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10
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Archambault AN, Jeon J, Lin Y, Thomas M, Harrison TA, Bishop DT, Brenner H, Casey G, Chan AT, Chang-Claude J, Figueiredo JC, Gallinger S, Gruber SB, Gunter MJ, Guo F, Hoffmeister M, Jenkins MA, Keku TO, Le Marchand L, Li L, Moreno V, Newcomb PA, Pai R, Parfrey PS, Rennert G, Sakoda LC, Lee JK, Slattery ML, Song M, Win AK, Woods MO, Murphy N, Campbell PT, Su YR, Lansdorp-Vogelaar I, Peterse EFP, Cao Y, Zeleniuch-Jacquotte A, Liang PS, Du M, Corley DA, Hsu L, Peters U, Hayes RB. Risk Stratification for Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer Using a Combination of Genetic and Environmental Risk Scores: An International Multi-Center Study. J Natl Cancer Inst 2022; 114:528-539. [PMID: 35026030 PMCID: PMC9002285 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djac003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) among individuals aged younger than 50 years has been increasing. As screening guidelines lower the recommended age of screening initiation, concerns including the burden on screening capacity and costs have been recognized, suggesting that an individualized approach may be warranted. We developed risk prediction models for early-onset CRC that incorporate an environmental risk score (ERS), including 16 lifestyle and environmental factors, and a polygenic risk score (PRS) of 141 variants. METHODS Relying on risk score weights for ERS and PRS derived from studies of CRC at all ages, we evaluated risks for early-onset CRC in 3486 cases and 3890 controls aged younger than 50 years. Relative and absolute risks for early-onset CRC were assessed according to values of the ERS and PRS. The discriminatory performance of these scores was estimated using the covariate-adjusted area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. RESULTS Increasing values of ERS and PRS were associated with increasing relative risks for early-onset CRC (odds ratio per SD of ERS = 1.14, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.08 to 1.20; odds ratio per SD of PRS = 1.59, 95% CI = 1.51 to 1.68), both contributing to case-control discrimination (area under the curve = 0.631, 95% CI = 0.615 to 0.647). Based on absolute risks, we can expect 26 excess cases per 10 000 men and 21 per 10 000 women among those scoring at the 90th percentile for both risk scores. CONCLUSIONS Personal risk scores have the potential to identify individuals at differential relative and absolute risk for early-onset CRC. Improved discrimination may aid in targeted CRC screening of younger, high-risk individuals, potentially improving outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexi N Archambault
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jihyoun Jeon
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yi Lin
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Minta Thomas
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Tabitha A Harrison
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - D Timothy Bishop
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, St. James’s University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Graham Casey
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Andrew T Chan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, University Cancer Centre Hamburg (UCCH), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jane C Figueiredo
- Department of Medicine, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Steven Gallinger
- Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Stephen B Gruber
- Center for Precision Medicine, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Marc J Gunter
- Nutrition and Metabolism Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Feng Guo
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Hoffmeister
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mark A Jenkins
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Temitope O Keku
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Loïc Le Marchand
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Li Li
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Victor Moreno
- Oncology Data Analytics Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- ONCOBEL Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Polly A Newcomb
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Rish Pai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | | | - Gad Rennert
- Department of Community Medicine and Epidemiology, Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
- Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
- Clalit National Cancer Control Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Lori C Sakoda
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey K Lee
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Martha L Slattery
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Mingyang Song
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aung Ko Win
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael O Woods
- Discipline of Genetics, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John’s, NL, Canada
| | - Neil Murphy
- Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Peter T Campbell
- Department of Population Science, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yu-Ru Su
- Biostatistics Unit, Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Iris Lansdorp-Vogelaar
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth F P Peterse
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Yin Cao
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Washington University School of Medicine, Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, St Louis, MO, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Anne Zeleniuch-Jacquotte
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Peter S Liang
- Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mengmeng Du
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Douglas A Corley
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Li Hsu
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ulrike Peters
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Richard B Hayes
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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Abstract
The F-box proteins (FBP), substrate recognition subunit of the SCF (Skp1-Cullin1-F-box protein complex) E3 ligase, play important roles in the ubiquitylation and subsequent degradation of the target proteins from several cellular processes. Disorders of F-box protein-mediated proteolysis lead to human malignancies. FBP plays an important role in many cellular processes, including cell proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis, migration, invasion, and metastasis, suggesting that it can be associated with tumorigenesis, cancer development and progression. However, the expression and function of FBXO9 (F-box only protein 9) differ in various types of human cancer. Due to the ability to regulate the stability and activity of oncogenes and tumor-suppressor genes, and the physiological functions of many of the F-box proteins remain subtle, further genetic and mechanistic studies will elaborate and help define FBXO9's role. Targeting F-box protein or F-box protein signaling pathways could be an effective strategy for preventing or treating human cancer. This review is presented to summarize the part of FBXO9 in different types of human cancer and its regulation mechanism, and to pave the way to design FBXO9-targeting anticancer therapies.
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12
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Eggington HR, Mulholland EJ, Leedham SJ. Morphogen regulation of stem cell plasticity in intestinal regeneration and carcinogenesis. Dev Dyn 2022; 251:61-74. [PMID: 34716737 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestinal epithelium is a tissue with high cell turnover, supported by adult intestinal stem cells. Intestinal homeostasis is underpinned by crypt basal columnar stem cells, marked by expression of the LGR5 gene. However, recent research has demonstrated considerable stem cell plasticity following injury, with dedifferentiation of a range of other intestinal cell populations, induced by a permissive microenvironment in the regenerating mucosa. The regulation of this profound adaptive cell reprogramming response is the subject of current research. There is a demonstrable contribution from disruption of key homeostatic signaling pathways such as wingless-related integration site and bone morphogenetic protein, and an emerging signaling hub role for the mechanoreceptor transducers Yes-associated protein 1/transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif, negatively regulated by the Hippo pathway. However, a number of outstanding questions remain, including a need to understand how tissues sense damage, and how pathways intersect to mediate dynamic changes in the stem cell population. Better understanding of these pathways, associated functional redundancies, and how they may be both enhanced for recovery of inflammatory diseases, and co-opted in neoplasia development, may have significant clinical implications, and could lead to development of more targeted molecular therapies which target individual stem or stem-like cell populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly R Eggington
- Intestinal Stem Cell Biology Lab, Wellcome Centre Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Eoghan J Mulholland
- Intestinal Stem Cell Biology Lab, Wellcome Centre Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Simon J Leedham
- Intestinal Stem Cell Biology Lab, Wellcome Centre Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Translational Gastroenterology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford and Oxford National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
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13
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Bridger JM, Pereira RT, Pina C, Tosi S, Lewis A. Alterations to Genome Organisation in Stem Cells, Their Differentiation and Associated Diseases. Results Probl Cell Differ 2022; 70:71-102. [PMID: 36348105 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-06573-6_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The organisation of the genome in its home, the cell nucleus, is reliant on a number of different aspects to establish, maintain and alter its functional non-random positioning. The genome is dispersed throughout a cell nucleus in specific chromosome territories which are further divided into topologically associated domains (TADs), where regions of the genome from different and the same chromosomes come together. This organisation is both controlled by DNA and chromatin epigenetic modification and the association of the genome with nuclear structures such as the nuclear lamina, the nucleolus and nuclear bodies and speckles. Indeed, sequences that are associated with the first two structures mentioned are termed lamina-associated domains (LADs) and nucleolar-associated domains (NADs), respectively. The modifications and nuclear structures that regulate genome function are altered through a cell's life from stem cell to differentiated cell through to reversible quiescence and irreversible senescence, and hence impacting on genome organisation, altering it to silence specific genes and permit others to be expressed in a controlled way in different cell types and cell cycle statuses. The structures and enzymes and thus the organisation of the genome can also be deleteriously affected, leading to disease and/or premature ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna M Bridger
- Division of Biosciences, Department of Life Sciences, Centre for Genome Engineering and Maintenance (cenGEM), College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK.
| | - Rita Torres Pereira
- Division of Biosciences, Department of Life Sciences, Centre for Genome Engineering and Maintenance (cenGEM), College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
| | - Cristina Pina
- Division of Biosciences, Department of Life Sciences, Centre for Genome Engineering and Maintenance (cenGEM), College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
| | - Sabrina Tosi
- Division of Biosciences, Department of Life Sciences, Centre for Genome Engineering and Maintenance (cenGEM), College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
| | - Annabelle Lewis
- Division of Biosciences, Department of Life Sciences, Centre for Genome Engineering and Maintenance (cenGEM), College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
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14
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Liu W, Mahdessian H, Helgadottir H, Zhou X, Thutkawkorapin J, Jiao X, Wolk A, Lindblom A. Colorectal cancer risk susceptibility loci in a Swedish population. Mol Carcinog 2021; 61:288-300. [PMID: 34758156 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
To search for colorectal cancer (CRC) risk loci, Swedish samples were used for a genome-wide haplotype analysis. A logistic regression model was employed in 2663 CRC cases and 1642 controls in the discovery analysis. Three analyses were done, on all, familial-, and nonfamilial CRC samples and only results with odds ratio (OR) > 1 were analyzed. single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis did not generate any statistically significant results. Haplotype analysis suggested novel loci, on chromosome 2q36.1 (OR = 1.71, p value = 5.6924 × 10-8 ) in all CRC samples, chromosome 1q43 (OR = 4.04 p value = 3.24 × 10-8 ) in familial CRC samples, and two hits in nonfamilial CRC samples, chromosomes 2q36.1 (OR = 1.71 p value = 5.69 × 10-8 ) and 3p24.3 (OR = 1.62 p value = 6.21 × 10-9 ). Moreover, one locus on chromosome 20q13.33 was suggested in analyses of all samples, and five more novel loci were suggested on chromosomes 10q25.3, 15q,22.31, 17p11.2, 1p34.2, and 3q24. The haplotypes from the analysis of all samples were replicated in a second study of CRC cases and controls from the same part of Sweden. In summary, using haplotype analysis in Swedish CRC samples, the best hits were novel loci and the locus on chromosomes 2q36.1 and 20q13.33 suggested in the analysis of all samples were confirmed in a second cohort. The ORs were often higher than ORs from published genome-wide association study (GWAS). The study suggested it was possible that a risk locus could involve more than one gene, and that haplotypes could give information on the gene or genes possibly involved in the risk at specific locus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Liu
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hovsep Mahdessian
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hafdis Helgadottir
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xingwu Zhou
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Xiang Jiao
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Alicja Wolk
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Annika Lindblom
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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15
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Forgacova N, Gazdarica J, Budis J, Radvanszky J, Szemes T. Repurposing non-invasive prenatal testing data: Population study of single nucleotide variants associated with colorectal cancer and Lynch syndrome. Oncol Lett 2021; 22:779. [PMID: 34594420 PMCID: PMC8456492 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.13040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In our previous work, genomic data generated through non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) based on low-coverage massively parallel whole-genome sequencing of total plasma DNA of pregnant women in Slovakia was described as a valuable source of population specific data. In the present study, these data were used to determine the population allele frequency of common risk variants located in genes associated with colorectal cancer (CRC) and Lynch syndrome (LS). Allele frequencies of identified variants were compared with six world populations to detect significant differences between populations. Finally, variants were interpreted, functional consequences were searched for and clinical significance of variants was investigated using publicly available databases. Although the present study did not identify any pathogenic variants associated with CRC or LS in the Slovak population using NIPT data, significant differences were observed in the allelic frequency of risk CRC variants previously reported in genome-wide association studies and common variants located in genes associated with LS. As Slovakia is one of the leading countries with the highest incidence of CRC among male patients in the world, there is a need for studies dedicated to investigating the cause of such a high incidence of CRC in Slovakia. The present study also assumed that extensive cross-country data aggregation of NIPT results would represent an unprecedented source of information concerning human genome variation in cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Forgacova
- Comenius University Science Park, Comenius University, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia.,Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Juraj Gazdarica
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia.,Geneton Ltd., 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia.,Science Support Section, Slovak Centre of Scientific and Technical Information, 811 04 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jaroslav Budis
- Comenius University Science Park, Comenius University, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia.,Geneton Ltd., 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia.,Science Support Section, Slovak Centre of Scientific and Technical Information, 811 04 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jan Radvanszky
- Comenius University Science Park, Comenius University, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia.,Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia.,Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Tomas Szemes
- Comenius University Science Park, Comenius University, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia.,Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia.,Geneton Ltd., 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia
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16
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Mur P, Bonifaci N, Díez-Villanueva A, Munté E, Alonso MH, Obón-Santacana M, Aiza G, Navarro M, Piñol V, Brunet J, Tomlinson I, Capellá G, Moreno V, Valle L. Non-Lynch Familial and Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer Explained by Accumulation of Low-Risk Genetic Variants. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3857. [PMID: 34359758 PMCID: PMC8345397 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13153857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A large proportion of familial and/or early-onset cancer patients do not carry pathogenic variants in known cancer predisposing genes. We aimed to assess the contribution of previously validated low-risk colorectal cancer (CRC) alleles to familial/early-onset CRC (fCRC) and to serrated polyposis. We estimated the association of CRC with a 92-variant-based weighted polygenic risk score (wPRS) using 417 fCRC patients, 80 serrated polyposis patients, 1077 hospital-based incident CRC patients, and 1642 controls. The mean wPRS was significantly higher in fCRC than in controls or sporadic CRC patients. fCRC patients in the highest (20th) wPRS quantile were at four-fold greater CRC risk than those in the middle quantile (10th). Compared to low-wPRS fCRC, a higher number of high-wPRS fCRC patients had developed multiple primary CRCs, had CRC family history, and were diagnosed at age ≥50. No association with wPRS was observed for serrated polyposis. In conclusion, a relevant proportion of mismatch repair (MMR)-proficient fCRC cases might be explained by the accumulation of low-risk CRC alleles. Validation in independent cohorts and development of predictive models that include polygenic risk score (PRS) data and other CRC predisposing factors will determine the implementation of PRS into genetic testing and counselling in familial and early-onset CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Mur
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, 08908 Barcelona, Spain; (P.M.); (N.B.); (E.M.); (G.A.); (M.N.); (J.B.); (G.C.)
- Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908 Barcelona, Spain; (A.D.-V.); (M.H.A.); (M.O.-S.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Nuria Bonifaci
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, 08908 Barcelona, Spain; (P.M.); (N.B.); (E.M.); (G.A.); (M.N.); (J.B.); (G.C.)
- Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908 Barcelona, Spain; (A.D.-V.); (M.H.A.); (M.O.-S.)
| | - Anna Díez-Villanueva
- Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908 Barcelona, Spain; (A.D.-V.); (M.H.A.); (M.O.-S.)
- Unit of Biomarkers and Susceptibility, Oncology Data Analytics Program (ODAP), Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL, 08908 Barcelona, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Elisabet Munté
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, 08908 Barcelona, Spain; (P.M.); (N.B.); (E.M.); (G.A.); (M.N.); (J.B.); (G.C.)
- Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908 Barcelona, Spain; (A.D.-V.); (M.H.A.); (M.O.-S.)
| | - Maria Henar Alonso
- Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908 Barcelona, Spain; (A.D.-V.); (M.H.A.); (M.O.-S.)
- Unit of Biomarkers and Susceptibility, Oncology Data Analytics Program (ODAP), Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL, 08908 Barcelona, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mireia Obón-Santacana
- Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908 Barcelona, Spain; (A.D.-V.); (M.H.A.); (M.O.-S.)
- Unit of Biomarkers and Susceptibility, Oncology Data Analytics Program (ODAP), Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL, 08908 Barcelona, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gemma Aiza
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, 08908 Barcelona, Spain; (P.M.); (N.B.); (E.M.); (G.A.); (M.N.); (J.B.); (G.C.)
- Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908 Barcelona, Spain; (A.D.-V.); (M.H.A.); (M.O.-S.)
| | - Matilde Navarro
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, 08908 Barcelona, Spain; (P.M.); (N.B.); (E.M.); (G.A.); (M.N.); (J.B.); (G.C.)
- Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908 Barcelona, Spain; (A.D.-V.); (M.H.A.); (M.O.-S.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Virginia Piñol
- Gastroenterology Unit, Hospital Universitario de Girona Dr Josep Trueta, 17007 Girona, Spain;
- School of Medicine, University of Girona, 17071 Girona, Spain
| | - Joan Brunet
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, 08908 Barcelona, Spain; (P.M.); (N.B.); (E.M.); (G.A.); (M.N.); (J.B.); (G.C.)
- Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908 Barcelona, Spain; (A.D.-V.); (M.H.A.); (M.O.-S.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- School of Medicine, University of Girona, 17071 Girona, Spain
- Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBGi, 17007 Girona, Spain
| | - Ian Tomlinson
- Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK;
| | - Gabriel Capellá
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, 08908 Barcelona, Spain; (P.M.); (N.B.); (E.M.); (G.A.); (M.N.); (J.B.); (G.C.)
- Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908 Barcelona, Spain; (A.D.-V.); (M.H.A.); (M.O.-S.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Victor Moreno
- Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908 Barcelona, Spain; (A.D.-V.); (M.H.A.); (M.O.-S.)
- Unit of Biomarkers and Susceptibility, Oncology Data Analytics Program (ODAP), Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL, 08908 Barcelona, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, 08907 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Valle
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, 08908 Barcelona, Spain; (P.M.); (N.B.); (E.M.); (G.A.); (M.N.); (J.B.); (G.C.)
- Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908 Barcelona, Spain; (A.D.-V.); (M.H.A.); (M.O.-S.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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17
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Erben V, Carr PR, Guo F, Weigl K, Hoffmeister M, Brenner H. Individual and Joint Associations of Genetic Risk and Healthy Lifestyle Score with Colorectal Neoplasms Among Participants of Screening Colonoscopy. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2021; 14:649-658. [PMID: 33653736 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-20-0576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Genetic and lifestyle factors contribute to colorectal cancer risk. We investigated their individual and joint associations with various stages of colorectal carcinogenesis. We assessed associations of a polygenic risk score (PRS) and a healthy lifestyle score (HLS) with presence of nonadvanced adenomas and advanced neoplasms among 2,585 participants of screening colonoscopy from Germany. The PRS and HLS individually showed only weak associations with presence of nonadvanced adenomas; stronger associations were observed with advanced neoplasms (ORs, 95% CI, for highest vs. lowest risk tertile: PRS 2.27, 1.78-2.88; HLS 1.96, 1.53-2.51). The PRS was associated with higher odds of advanced neoplasms among carriers of any neoplasms (1.65, 1.23-2.22). Subjects in the highest risk tertile (vs. lowest tertile) of both scores had higher risks for nonadvanced adenomas (1.77, 1.09-2.86), for advanced neoplasms (3.95, 2.53-6.16) and, among carriers of any neoplasms, for advanced versus nonadvanced neoplasms (2.26, 1.31-3.92). Both scores were individually associated with increased risk of nonadvanced adenomas and, much more pronounced, advanced neoplasms. The similarly strong association in relative terms across all levels of genetic risk implies that a healthy lifestyle may be particularly beneficial in those at highest genetic risk, given that the same relative risk reduction in this group would imply a stronger absolute risk reduction. Genetic factors may be of particular relevance for the transition of nonadvanced to advanced adenomas. PREVENTION RELEVANCE: Genetic factors have strong impact on the risk of colorectal neoplasms, which may be reduced by healthy lifestyle. Similarly strong associations in relative terms across all levels of genetic risk imply that a healthy lifestyle may be beneficial due to higher absolute risk reduction in those at highest genetic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Erben
- Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
- Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Prudence R Carr
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Feng Guo
- Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Korbinian Weigl
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Hoffmeister
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany.
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
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18
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Guo X, Lin W, Wen W, Huyghe J, Bien S, Cai Q, Harrison T, Chen Z, Qu C, Bao J, Long J, Yuan Y, Wang F, Bai M, Abecasis GR, Albanes D, Berndt SI, Bézieau S, Bishop DT, Brenner H, Buch S, Burnett-Hartman A, Campbell PT, Castellví-Bel S, Chan AT, Chang-Claude J, Chanock SJ, Cho SH, Conti DV, Chapelle ADL, Feskens EJM, Gallinger SJ, Giles GG, Goodman PJ, Gsur A, Guinter M, Gunter MJ, Hampe J, Hampel H, Hayes RB, Hoffmeister M, Kampman E, Kang HM, Keku TO, Kim HR, Le Marchand L, Lee SC, Li CI, Li L, Lindblom A, Lindor N, Milne RL, Moreno V, Murphy N, Newcomb PA, Nickerson DA, Offit K, Pearlman R, Pharoah PDP, Platz EA, Potter JD, Rennert G, Sakoda LC, Schafmayer C, Schmit SL, Schoen RE, Schumacher FR, Slattery ML, Su YR, Tangen CM, Ulrich CM, van Duijnhoven FJB, Van Guelpen B, Visvanathan K, Vodicka P, Vodickova L, Vymetalkova V, Wang X, White E, Wolk A, Woods MO, Casey G, Hsu L, Jenkins MA, Gruber SB, Peters U, Zheng W. Identifying Novel Susceptibility Genes for Colorectal Cancer Risk From a Transcriptome-Wide Association Study of 125,478 Subjects. Gastroenterology 2021; 160:1164-1178.e6. [PMID: 33058866 PMCID: PMC7956223 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.08.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Susceptibility genes and the underlying mechanisms for the majority of risk loci identified by genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for colorectal cancer (CRC) risk remain largely unknown. We conducted a transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS) to identify putative susceptibility genes. METHODS Gene-expression prediction models were built using transcriptome and genetic data from the 284 normal transverse colon tissues of European descendants from the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx), and model performance was evaluated using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (n = 355). We applied the gene-expression prediction models and GWAS data to evaluate associations of genetically predicted gene-expression with CRC risk in 58,131 CRC cases and 67,347 controls of European ancestry. Dual-luciferase reporter assays and knockdown experiments in CRC cells and tumor xenografts were conducted. RESULTS We identified 25 genes associated with CRC risk at a Bonferroni-corrected threshold of P < 9.1 × 10-6, including genes in 4 novel loci, PYGL (14q22.1), RPL28 (19q13.42), CAPN12 (19q13.2), MYH7B (20q11.22), and MAP1L3CA (20q11.22). In 9 known GWAS-identified loci, we uncovered 9 genes that have not been reported previously, whereas 4 genes remained statistically significant after adjusting for the lead risk variant of the locus. Through colocalization analysis in GWAS loci, we additionally identified 12 putative susceptibility genes that were supported by TWAS analysis at P < .01. We showed that risk allele of the lead risk variant rs1741640 affected the promoter activity of CABLES2. Knockdown experiments confirmed that CABLES2 plays a vital role in colorectal carcinogenesis. CONCLUSIONS Our study reveals new putative susceptibility genes and provides new insight into the biological mechanisms underlying CRC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyi Guo
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee.
| | - Weiqiang Lin
- The Kidney Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wanqing Wen
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Jeroen Huyghe
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Stephanie Bien
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Qiuyin Cai
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Tabitha Harrison
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Zhishan Chen
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Conghui Qu
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Jiandong Bao
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Jirong Long
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Yuan Yuan
- The Kidney Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fangqin Wang
- The Kidney Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengqiu Bai
- The Kidney Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Goncalo R Abecasis
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Demetrius Albanes
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Sonja I Berndt
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Stéphane Bézieau
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Nantes, France
| | - D Timothy Bishop
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center and National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stephan Buch
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Peter T Campbell
- Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Sergi Castellví-Bel
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrew T Chan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, University Cancer Centre Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stephen J Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Sang Hee Cho
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Hwasun, South Korea
| | - David V Conti
- Department of Preventive Medicine and University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Albert de la Chapelle
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics and the Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Edith J M Feskens
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Steven J Gallinger
- Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Graham G Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Phyllis J Goodman
- SWOG Statistical Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Andrea Gsur
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mark Guinter
- Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Marc J Gunter
- Nutrition and Metabolism Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Jochen Hampe
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Heather Hampel
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Richard B Hayes
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Michael Hoffmeister
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ellen Kampman
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Hyun Min Kang
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Temitope O Keku
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Hyeong Rok Kim
- Department of Surgery, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital and Medical School, Hwasun, Korea
| | | | - Soo Chin Lee
- National University Cancer Institute, Singapore; Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Christopher I Li
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Li Li
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Annika Lindblom
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Roger L Milne
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Victor Moreno
- Oncology Data Analytics Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain
| | - Neil Murphy
- Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Polly A Newcomb
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington; School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Deborah A Nickerson
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Kenneth Offit
- Clinical Genetics Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Rachel Pearlman
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Paul D P Pharoah
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth A Platz
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - John D Potter
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Gad Rennert
- Department of Community Medicine and Epidemiology, Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel; Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Lori C Sakoda
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington; Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California
| | - Clemens Schafmayer
- Department of General Surgery, University Hospital Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Stephanie L Schmit
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Robert E Schoen
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Fredrick R Schumacher
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Martha L Slattery
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Yu-Ru Su
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Catherine M Tangen
- SWOG Statistical Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Cornelia M Ulrich
- Huntsman Cancer Institute and Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | | | - Bethany Van Guelpen
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology Unit, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Kala Visvanathan
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Pavel Vodicka
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic; Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ludmila Vodickova
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic; Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Vymetalkova
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic; Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Xiaoliang Wang
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Emily White
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington; Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, Washington
| | - Alicja Wolk
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michael O Woods
- Memorial University of Newfoundland, Discipline of Genetics, St John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Graham Casey
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Li Hsu
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Mark A Jenkins
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stephen B Gruber
- Department of Preventive Medicine and University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Ulrike Peters
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington; Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, Washington
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
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Sphyris N, Hodder MC, Sansom OJ. Subversion of Niche-Signalling Pathways in Colorectal Cancer: What Makes and Breaks the Intestinal Stem Cell. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1000. [PMID: 33673710 PMCID: PMC7957493 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13051000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal epithelium fulfils pleiotropic functions in nutrient uptake, waste elimination, and immune surveillance while also forming a barrier against luminal toxins and gut-resident microbiota. Incessantly barraged by extraneous stresses, the intestine must continuously replenish its epithelial lining and regenerate the full gamut of specialized cell types that underpin its functions. Homeostatic remodelling is orchestrated by the intestinal stem cell (ISC) niche: a convergence of epithelial- and stromal-derived cues, which maintains ISCs in a multipotent state. Following demise of homeostatic ISCs post injury, plasticity is pervasive among multiple populations of reserve stem-like cells, lineage-committed progenitors, and/or fully differentiated cell types, all of which can contribute to regeneration and repair. Failure to restore the epithelial barrier risks seepage of toxic luminal contents, resulting in inflammation and likely predisposing to tumour formation. Here, we explore how homeostatic niche-signalling pathways are subverted in tumorigenesis, enabling ISCs to gain autonomy from niche restraints ("ISC emancipation") and transform into cancer stem cells capable of driving tumour initiation, progression, and therapy resistance. We further consider the implications of the pervasive plasticity of the intestinal epithelium for the trajectory of colorectal cancer, the emergence of distinct molecular subtypes, the propensity to metastasize, and the development of effective therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Sphyris
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK; (N.S.); (M.C.H.)
| | - Michael C. Hodder
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK; (N.S.); (M.C.H.)
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Owen J. Sansom
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK; (N.S.); (M.C.H.)
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
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20
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Northcutt MJ, Shi Z, Zijlstra M, Shah A, Zheng S, Yen EF, Khan O, Beig MI, Imas P, Vanderloo A, Ansari O, Xu J, Goldstein JL. Polygenic risk score is a predictor of adenomatous polyps at screening colonoscopy. BMC Gastroenterol 2021; 21:65. [PMID: 33579203 PMCID: PMC7881602 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-021-01645-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based polygenic risk scoring is predictive of colorectal cancer (CRC) risk. However, few studies have investigated the association of genetic risk score (GRS) with detection of adenomatous polyps at screening colonoscopy. METHODS We randomly selected 1769 Caucasian subjects who underwent screening colonoscopy from the Genomic Health Initiative (GHI), a biobank of NorthShore University HealthSystem. Outcomes from initial screening colonoscopy were recorded. Twenty-two CRC risk-associated SNPs were obtained from the Affymetrix™ SNP array and used to calculate an odds ratio (OR)-weighted and population-standardized GRS. Subjects with GRS of < 0.5, 0.5-1.5, and > 1.5 were categorized as low, average and elevated risk. RESULTS Among 1,769 subjects, 520 (29%) had 1 or more adenomatous polyps. GRS was significantly higher in subjects with adenomatous polyps than those without; mean (95% confidence interval) was 1.02 (1.00-1.05) and 0.97 (0.95-0.99), respectively, p < 0.001. The association remained significant after adjusting for age, gender, body mass index, and family history, p < 0.001. The detection rate of adenomatous polyps was 10.8%, 29.0% and 39.7% in subjects with low, average and elevated GRS, respectively, p-trend < 0.001. Higher GRS was also associated with early age diagnosis of adenomatous polyps, p < 0.001. In contrast, positive family history was not associated with risk and age of adenomatous polyps. CONCLUSIONS GRS was significantly associated with adenomatous polyps in subjects undergoing screening colonoscopy. This result may help in stratifying average risk patients and facilitating personalized colonoscopy screening strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Northcutt
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Chicago Medicine, NorthShore University HealthSystem, 2650 Ridge Ave, Evanston, IL 60201 USA
| | - Zhuqing Shi
- Program for Personalized Cancer Care, NorthShore University HealthSystem, 1001 University Place, 1001 University Place, Evanston, IL 60201 USA
| | - Michael Zijlstra
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Chicago Medicine, NorthShore University HealthSystem, 2650 Ridge Ave, Evanston, IL 60201 USA
| | - Ayush Shah
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Chicago Medicine, NorthShore University HealthSystem, 2650 Ridge Ave, Evanston, IL 60201 USA
| | - Siqun Zheng
- Program for Personalized Cancer Care, NorthShore University HealthSystem, 1001 University Place, 1001 University Place, Evanston, IL 60201 USA
| | - Eugene F. Yen
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Chicago Medicine, NorthShore University HealthSystem, 2650 Ridge Ave, Evanston, IL 60201 USA
| | - Omar Khan
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Chicago Medicine, NorthShore University HealthSystem, 2650 Ridge Ave, Evanston, IL 60201 USA
| | - Mohammad Imran Beig
- Department of Clinical Analytics and Health Information Technology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, 4901 Searle Parkway, Skokie, IL 60076 USA
| | - Polina Imas
- Department of Clinical Analytics and Health Information Technology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, 4901 Searle Parkway, Skokie, IL 60076 USA
| | - Adam Vanderloo
- Department of Clinical Analytics and Health Information Technology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, 4901 Searle Parkway, Skokie, IL 60076 USA
| | - Obaid Ansari
- Department of Clinical Analytics and Health Information Technology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, 4901 Searle Parkway, Skokie, IL 60076 USA
| | - Jianfeng Xu
- Program for Personalized Cancer Care, NorthShore University HealthSystem, 1001 University Place, 1001 University Place, Evanston, IL 60201 USA
| | - Jay L. Goldstein
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Chicago Medicine, NorthShore University HealthSystem, 2650 Ridge Ave, Evanston, IL 60201 USA
- Chicago, IL 60647 USA
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21
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Fortini BK, Tring S, Devall MA, Ali MW, Plummer SJ, Casey G. SNPs associated with colorectal cancer at 15q13.3 affect risk enhancers that modulate GREM1 gene expression. Hum Mutat 2021; 42:237-245. [PMID: 33476087 PMCID: PMC7898835 DOI: 10.1002/humu.24166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Several genome wide association studies of colorectal cancer (CRC) have identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on chromosome 15q13.3 associated with CRC risk. To identify functional variant(s) underlying this association, we investigated SNPs in linkage disequilibrium with the risk‐associated SNP rs4779584 that overlapped regulatory regions/enhancer elements characterized in colon‐related tissues and cells. We identified several SNP‐containing regulatory regions that exhibited enhancer activity in vitro, including one SNP (rs1406389) that correlated with allele‐specific effects on enhancer activity. Deletion of either this enhancer or another enhancer that had previously been reported in this region correlated with decreased expression of GREM1 following CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing. That GREM1 is one target of these enhancers was further supported by an expression quantitative trait loci correlation between rs1406389 and GREM1 expression in the transverse but not sigmoid colon in the Genotype‐Tissue Expression dataset. Taken together, we conclude that the 15q13.3 region contains at least two functional variants that map to distinct enhancers and impact CRC risk through modulation of GREM1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephanie Tring
- Molecular Genomics Core, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Matthew A Devall
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Mourad Wagdy Ali
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Sarah J Plummer
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Graham Casey
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
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22
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Yuan Y, Bao J, Chen Z, Villanueva AD, Wen W, Wang F, Zhao D, Fu X, Cai Q, Long J, Shu XO, Zheng D, Moreno V, Zheng W, Lin W, Guo X. Multi-omics analysis to identify susceptibility genes for colorectal cancer. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 30:321-330. [PMID: 33481017 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddab021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Most genetic variants for colorectal cancer (CRC) identified in genome-wide association studies (GWAS) are located in intergenic regions, implying pathogenic dysregulations of gene expression. However, comprehensive assessments of target genes in CRC remain to be explored. We conducted a multi-omics analysis using transcriptome and/or DNA methylation data from the Genotype-Tissue Expression, The Cancer Genome Atlas and the Colonomics projects. We identified 116 putative target genes for 45 GWAS-identified variants. Using summary-data-based Mendelian randomization approach (SMR), we demonstrated that the CRC susceptibility for 29 out of the 45 CRC variants may be mediated by cis-effects on gene regulation. At a cutoff of the Bonferroni-corrected PSMR < 0.05, we determined 66 putative susceptibility genes, including 39 genes that have not been previously reported. We further performed in vitro assays for two selected genes, DIP2B and SFMBT1, and provide functional evidence that they play a vital role in colorectal carcinogenesis via disrupting cell behavior, including migration, invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Our study reveals a large number of putative novel susceptibility genes and provides additional insight into the underlying mechanisms for CRC genetic risk loci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yuan
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, Zhejiang 322000, China
| | - Jiandong Bao
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37203, USA.,College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Zhishan Chen
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37203, USA
| | - Anna Díez Villanueva
- Unit of Biomarkers and Susceptibility, Oncology Data Analytics Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO); Colorectal Cancer Group, ONCOBELL Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL); Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP); Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08908, Spain
| | - Wanqing Wen
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37203, USA
| | - Fangqin Wang
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, Zhejiang 322000, China
| | - Dejian Zhao
- Departments of Genetics, Neurology and Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Xianghui Fu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Qiuyin Cai
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37203, USA
| | - Jirong Long
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37203, USA
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37203, USA
| | - Deyou Zheng
- Departments of Genetics, Neurology and Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Victor Moreno
- Unit of Biomarkers and Susceptibility, Oncology Data Analytics Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO); Colorectal Cancer Group, ONCOBELL Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL); Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP); Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08908, Spain
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37203, USA
| | - Weiqiang Lin
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, Zhejiang 322000, China
| | - Xingyi Guo
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37203, USA.,Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37203, USA
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23
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Guo F, Weigl K, Carr PR, Heisser T, Jansen L, Knebel P, Chang-Claude J, Hoffmeister M, Brenner H. Use of Polygenic Risk Scores to Select Screening Intervals After Negative Findings From Colonoscopy. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 18:2742-2751.e7. [PMID: 32376506 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2020.04.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Polygenic risk scores (PRSs) could help to define starting ages for colorectal cancer (CRC) screening. However, the role of PRS in determining the length of screening interval after negative findings from colonoscopies is unclear. We aimed to evaluate CRC risk according to PRS and time since last negative colonoscopy. METHODS We collected data from 3827 cases and 2641 CRC-free controls in a population-based case-control study in Germany. We constructed a polygenic risk scoring system, based on 90 single-nucleotide polymorphisms, associated with risk of CRC in people of European descent. Participants were classified as having low, medium, or high genetic risk according to tertiles of PRSs among controls. Multiple logistic regression models were used to assess CRC risk according to PRS and time since last negative colonoscopy. RESULTS Compared to individuals without colonoscopy in the low PRS category, a 42%-85% lower risk of CRC was observed for individuals who had a negative finding from colonoscopy within 10 years. Beyond 10 years after a negative finding from colonoscopy, significantly lower risk only persisted for the low and medium PRS groups, but not for the high PRS group. Adjusted odds ratios were 0.44 (95% CI, 0.29-0.68), 0.51 (95% CI, 0.34-0.77), and 0.85 (95% CI, 0.58-1.23) in the low, medium, and high PRS group, respectively. Within any time interval, risks were lower for distal than for proximal CRCs. CONCLUSIONS Based on findings from a population-based case-control study, the recommended 10-year screening interval for colonoscopy may not need to be shortened among people with high PRSs, but could potentially be prolonged for people with low and medium PRSs. Studies are needed to address personalized time intervals for repeat colonoscopies in average-risk screening cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Guo
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg; Medical Faculty Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg
| | - Korbinian Weigl
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg
| | - Prudence Rose Carr
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg
| | - Thomas Heisser
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg; Medical Faculty Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg
| | - Lina Jansen
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg
| | - Philip Knebel
- Department for General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg; Genetic Tumour Epidemiology Group, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, University Cancer Center Hamburg, Hamburg
| | - Michael Hoffmeister
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg; Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany.
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24
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Saya S, Emery JD, Dowty JG, McIntosh JG, Winship IM, Jenkins MA. The Impact of a Comprehensive Risk Prediction Model for Colorectal Cancer on a Population Screening Program. JNCI Cancer Spectr 2020; 4:pkaa062. [PMID: 33134836 PMCID: PMC7583148 DOI: 10.1093/jncics/pkaa062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In many countries, population colorectal cancer (CRC) screening is based on age and family history, though more precise risk prediction could better target screening. We examined the impact of a CRC risk prediction model (incorporating age, sex, lifestyle, genomic, and family history factors) to target screening under several feasible screening scenarios. METHODS We estimated the model's predicted CRC risk distribution in the Australian population. Predicted CRC risks were categorized into screening recommendations under 3 proposed scenarios to compare with current recommendations: 1) highly tailored, 2) 3 risk categories, and 3) 4 sex-specific risk categories. Under each scenario, for 35- to 74-year-olds, we calculated the number of CRC screens by immunochemical fecal occult blood testing (iFOBT) and colonoscopy and the proportion of predicted CRCs over 10 years in each screening group. RESULTS Currently, 1.1% of 35- to 74-year-olds are recommended screening colonoscopy and 56.2% iFOBT, and 5.7% and 83.2% of CRCs over 10 years were predicted to occur in these groups, respectively. For the scenarios, 1) colonoscopy was recommended to 8.1% and iFOBT to 37.5%, with 36.1% and 50.1% of CRCs in each group; 2) colonoscopy was recommended to 2.4% and iFOBT to 56.0%, with 13.2% and 76.9% of cancers in each group; and 3) colonoscopy was recommended to 5.0% and iFOBT to 54.2%, with 24.5% and 66.5% of cancers in each group. CONCLUSIONS A highly tailored CRC screening scenario results in many fewer screens but more cancers in those unscreened. Category-based scenarios may provide a good balance between number of screens and cancers detected and are simpler to implement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibel Saya
- Department of General Practice and Centre for Cancer Research, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jon D Emery
- Department of General Practice and Centre for Cancer Research, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - James G Dowty
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jennifer G McIntosh
- Department of General Practice and Centre for Cancer Research, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ingrid M Winship
- Genomic Medicine and Family Cancer Clinic, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Mark A Jenkins
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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25
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Todd GM, Gao Z, Hyvönen M, Brazil DP, Ten Dijke P. Secreted BMP antagonists and their role in cancer and bone metastases. Bone 2020; 137:115455. [PMID: 32473315 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are multifunctional secreted cytokines that act in a highly context-dependent manner. BMP action extends beyond the induction of cartilage and bone formation, to encompass pivotal roles in controlling tissue and organ homeostasis during development and adulthood. BMPs signal via plasma membrane type I and type II serine/threonine kinase receptors and intracellular SMAD transcriptional effectors. Exquisite temporospatial control of BMP/SMAD signalling and crosstalk with other cellular cues is achieved by a series of positive and negative regulators at each step in the BMP/SMAD pathway. The interaction of BMP ligand with its receptors is carefully controlled by a diverse set of secreted antagonists that bind BMPs and block their interaction with their cognate BMP receptors. Perturbations in this BMP/BMP antagonist balance are implicated in a range of developmental disorders and diseases, including cancer. Here, we provide an overview of the structure and function of secreted BMP antagonists, and summarize recent novel insights into their role in cancer progression and bone metastasis. Gremlin1 (GREM1) is a highly studied BMP antagonist, and we will focus on this molecule in particular and its role in cancer. The therapeutic potential of pharmacological inhibitors for secreted BMP antagonists for cancer and other human diseases will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace M Todd
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Zhichun Gao
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Marko Hyvönen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1GA, UK.
| | - Derek P Brazil
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK.
| | - Peter Ten Dijke
- Oncode Institute, Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
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Carr PR, Weigl K, Edelmann D, Jansen L, Chang-Claude J, Brenner H, Hoffmeister M. Estimation of Absolute Risk of Colorectal Cancer Based on Healthy Lifestyle, Genetic Risk, and Colonoscopy Status in a Population-Based Study. Gastroenterology 2020; 159:129-138.e9. [PMID: 32179093 PMCID: PMC7387145 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Estimates of absolute risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) are needed to facilitate communication and better inform the public about the potentials and limits of cancer prevention. METHODS Using data from a large population-based case-control study in Germany (Darmkrebs: Chancen der Verhütung durch Screening [DACHS] study, which began in 2003) and population registry data, we calculated 30-year absolute risk estimates for development of CRC based on a healthy lifestyle score (derived from 5 modifiable lifestyle factors: smoking, alcohol consumption, diet, physical activity, and body fatness), a polygenic risk score (based on 90 single-nucleotide polymorphisms), and colonoscopy history. RESULTS We analyzed data from 4220 patients with CRC and 3338 individuals without CRC. Adherence to a healthy lifestyle and colonoscopy in the preceding 10 years were associated with a reduced relative risk of CRC in men and women. We observed a higher CRC risk in participants with high or intermediate genetic risk scores. For 50-year-old men and women without a colonoscopy, the absolute risk of CRC varied according to the polygenic risk score and the healthy lifestyle score (men, 3.5%-13.4%; women, 2.5%-10.6%). For 50-year-old men and women with a colonoscopy, the absolute risk of developing CRC was much lower but still varied according to the polygenic risk score and the healthy lifestyle score (men, 1.2%-4.8%; women, 0.9%-4.2%). Among all risk factor profiles, the 30-year absolute risk estimates consistently decreased with adherence to a healthy lifestyle. CONCLUSIONS In a population-based study, we found that a colonoscopy can drastically reduce the absolute risk of CRC and that the genetically predetermined risk of CRC can be further reduced by adherence to a healthy lifestyle. Our results show the magnitude of CRC prevention possible through colonoscopy and lifestyle at a predefined genetic risk. This observational study has been registered in the German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS00011793), which is a primary registry in the World Health Organization Registry Network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prudence R Carr
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Korbinian Weigl
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany, 69120,German Cancer Consortium, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany, 69120
| | - Dominic Edelmann
- Division of Biostatistics, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany, 69120
| | - Lina Jansen
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany, 69120
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- Genetic Tumour Epidemiology Group, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, University Cancer Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, 20246,Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany, 69120
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany, 69120,German Cancer Consortium, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany, 69120,Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany, 69120
| | - Michael Hoffmeister
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany, 69120
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Arnau-Collell C, Soares de Lima Y, Díaz-Gay M, Muñoz J, Carballal S, Bonjoch L, Moreira L, Lozano JJ, Ocaña T, Cuatrecasas M, Díaz de Bustamante A, Castells A, Capellà G, Bujanda L, Cubiella J, Rodríguez-Alcalde D, Balaguer F, Ruiz-Ponte C, Valle L, Moreno V, Castellvi-Bel S. Colorectal cancer genetic variants are also associated with serrated polyposis syndrome susceptibility. J Med Genet 2020; 57:677-682. [PMID: 32170005 PMCID: PMC7525772 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2019-106374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Serrated polyposis syndrome (SPS) is a clinical entity characterised by large and/ormultiple serrated polyps throughout the colon and increased risk for colorectal cancer (CRC). The basis for SPS genetic predisposition is largely unknown. Common, low-penetrance genetic variants have been consistently associated with CRC susceptibility, however, their role in SPS genetic predisposition has not been yet explored. Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate if common, low-penetrance genetic variants for CRC risk are also implicated in SPS genetic susceptibility. Methods A case-control study was performed in 219 SPS patients and 548 asymptomatic controls analysing 65 CRC susceptibility variants. A risk prediction model for SPS predisposition was developed. Results Statistically significant associations with SPS were found for seven genetic variants (rs4779584-GREM1, rs16892766-EIF3H, rs3217810-CCND2, rs992157-PNKD1/TMBIM1, rs704017-ZMIZ1, rs11196172-TCF7L2, rs6061231-LAMA5). The GREM1 risk allele was remarkably over-represented in SPS cases compared with controls (OR=1.573, 1.21–2.04, p value=0.0006). A fourfold increase in SPS risk was observed when comparing subjects within the highest decile of variants (≥65) with those in the first decile (≤50). Conclusions Genetic variants for CRC risk are also involved in SPS susceptibility, being the most relevant ones rs4779584-GREM1, rs16892766-EIF3H and rs3217810-CCND2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coral Arnau-Collell
- Gastroenterology Department, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yasmin Soares de Lima
- Gastroenterology Department, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marcos Díaz-Gay
- Gastroenterology Department, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jenifer Muñoz
- Gastroenterology Department, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sabela Carballal
- Gastroenterology Department, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laia Bonjoch
- Gastroenterology Department, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Leticia Moreira
- Gastroenterology Department, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan José Lozano
- Bioinformatics Platform, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Teresa Ocaña
- Gastroenterology Department, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miriam Cuatrecasas
- Pathology Department, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD) and Tumor Bank-Biobank, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Antoni Castells
- Gastroenterology Department, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gabriel Capellà
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Oncobell, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luis Bujanda
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Donostia-Instituto Biodonostia, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Basque Country University (UPV/EHU), San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Joaquin Cubiella
- Gastroenterology Department, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Ourense, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Ourense, Spain
| | | | - Francesc Balaguer
- Gastroenterology Department, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Clara Ruiz-Ponte
- Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica, Grupo de Medicina Xenómica_USC, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Laura Valle
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Oncobell, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Victor Moreno
- Unit of Biomarkers and Susceptibility, Oncology Data Analytics Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO); Colorectal Cancer Group, ONCOBELL Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL); Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP); Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergi Castellvi-Bel
- Gastroenterology Department, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
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Tian J, Lou J, Cai Y, Rao M, Lu Z, Zhu Y, Zou D, Peng X, Wang H, Zhang M, Niu S, Li Y, Zhong R, Chang J, Miao X. Risk SNP-Mediated Enhancer-Promoter Interaction Drives Colorectal Cancer through Both FADS2 and AP002754.2. Cancer Res 2020; 80:1804-1818. [PMID: 32127356 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-2389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Although genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified more than 100 colorectal cancer risk loci, most of the biological mechanisms associated with these loci remain unclear. Here we first performed a comprehensive expression quantitative trait loci analysis in colorectal cancer tissues adjusted for multiple confounders to test the determinants of germline variants in established GWAS susceptibility loci on mRNA and long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) expression. Combining integrative functional genomic/epigenomic analyses and a large-scale population study consisting of 6,024 cases and 10,022 controls, we then prioritized rs174575 with a C>G change as a potential causal candidate for colorectal cancer at 11q12.2, as its G allele was associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer (OR = 1.26; 95% confidence interval = 1.17-1.36; P = 2.57 × 10-9). rs174575 acted as an allele-specific enhancer to distally facilitate expression of both FADS2 and lncRNA AP002754.2 via long-range enhancer-promoter interaction loops, which were mediated by E2F1. AP002754.2 further activated a transcriptional activator that upregulated FADS2 expression. FADS2, in turn, was overexpressed in colorectal cancer tumor tissues and functioned as a potential oncogene that facilitated colorectal cancer cell proliferation and xenograft growth in vitro and in vivo by increasing the metabolism of PGE2, an oncogenic molecule involved in colorectal cancer tumorigenesis. Our findings represent a novel mechanism by which a noncoding variant can facilitate long-range genome interactions to modulate the expression of multiple genes including not only mRNA, but also lncRNA, which provides new insights into the understanding of colorectal cancer etiology. SIGNIFICANCE: This study provides an oncogenic regulatory circuit among several oncogenes including E2F1, FADS2, and AP002754.2 underlying the association of rs174575 with colorectal cancer risk, which is driven by long-range enhancer-promoter interaction loops. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT: http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/canres/80/9/1804/F1.large.jpg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbo Tian
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiao Lou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Quality Management, Shanghai Center for Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai, China
| | - Yimin Cai
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Meilin Rao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zequn Lu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Danyi Zou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiating Peng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Haoxue Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Siyuan Niu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Rong Zhong
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiang Chang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoping Miao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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29
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Lu Y, Kweon SS, Cai Q, Tanikawa C, Shu XO, Jia WH, Xiang YB, Huyghe JR, Harrison TA, Kim J, Shin A, Kim DH, Matsuo K, Jee SH, Guo X, Wen W, Shi J, Li B, Wang N, Shin MH, Li HL, Ren Z, Oh JH, Oze I, Ahn YO, Jung KJ, Gao J, Gao YT, Pan ZZ, Kamatani Y, Chan AT, Gsur A, Hampe J, Le Marchand L, Li L, Lindblom A, Moreno V, Newcomb PA, Offit K, Pharoah PDP, van Duijnhoven FJB, Van Guelpen B, Vodicka P, Weinstein SJ, Wolk A, Wu AH, Hsu L, Zeng YX, Long J, Peters U, Matsuda K, Zheng W. Identification of Novel Loci and New Risk Variant in Known Loci for Colorectal Cancer Risk in East Asians. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020; 29:477-486. [PMID: 31826910 PMCID: PMC7571256 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-19-0755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Risk variants identified so far for colorectal cancer explain only a small proportion of familial risk of this cancer, particularly in Asians. METHODS We performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of colorectal cancer in East Asians, including 23,572 colorectal cancer cases and 48,700 controls. To identify novel risk loci, we selected 60 promising risk variants for replication using data from 58,131 colorectal cancer cases and 67,347 controls of European descent. To identify additional risk variants in known colorectal cancer loci, we performed conditional analyses in East Asians. RESULTS An indel variant, rs67052019 at 1p13.3, was found to be associated with colorectal cancer risk at P = 3.9 × 10-8 in Asians (OR per allele deletion = 1.13, 95% confidence interval = 1.08-1.18). This association was replicated in European descendants using a variant (rs2938616) in complete linkage disequilibrium with rs67052019 (P = 7.7 × 10-3). Of the remaining 59 variants, 12 showed an association at P < 0.05 in the European-ancestry study, including rs11108175 and rs9634162 at P < 5 × 10-8 and two variants with an association near the genome-wide significance level (rs60911071, P = 5.8 × 10-8; rs62558833, P = 7.5 × 10-8) in the combined analyses of Asian- and European-ancestry data. In addition, using data from East Asians, we identified 13 new risk variants at 11 loci reported from previous GWAS. CONCLUSIONS In this large GWAS, we identified three novel risk loci and two highly suggestive loci for colorectal cancer risk and provided evidence for potential roles of multiple genes and pathways in the etiology of colorectal cancer. In addition, we showed that additional risk variants exist in many colorectal cancer risk loci identified previously. IMPACT Our study provides novel data to improve the understanding of the genetic basis for colorectal cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingchang Lu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Sun-Seog Kweon
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
- Jeonnam Regional Cancer Center, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, South Korea
| | - Qiuyin Cai
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Chizu Tanikawa
- Laboratory of Genome Technology, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Wei-Hua Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong-Bing Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogene and Related Genes & Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jeroen R Huyghe
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Tabitha A Harrison
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Jeongseon Kim
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Aesun Shin
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Cancer Research Institute, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong-Hyun Kim
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Okcheon-dong, Korea
| | - Keitaro Matsuo
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Epidemiology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Epidemiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Sun Ha Jee
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Xingyi Guo
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Wanqing Wen
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Jiajun Shi
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Bingshan Li
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Nan Wang
- General Surgery Department, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Min-Ho Shin
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Hong-Lan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogene and Related Genes & Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zefang Ren
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jae Hwan Oh
- Center for Colorectal Cancer, National Cancer Center Hospital, National Cancer Center, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Isao Oze
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Okcheon-dong, Korea
| | - Yoon-Ok Ahn
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Keum Ji Jung
- Institute for Health Promotion, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jing Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogene and Related Genes & Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Tang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogene and Related Genes & Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-Zhong Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yoichiro Kamatani
- Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
- Kyoto-McGill International Collaborative School in Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Andrew T Chan
- Division of Gastroenterology, and Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Department of Epidemiology, and Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Andrea Gsur
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jochen Hampe
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden (TU Dresden), Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Li Li
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Annika Lindblom
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Victor Moreno
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Polly A Newcomb
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
- School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Kenneth Offit
- Clinical Genetics Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Paul D P Pharoah
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Bethany Van Guelpen
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology Unit, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Pavel Vodicka
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Center in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Stephanie J Weinstein
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Alicja Wolk
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna H Wu
- University of Southern California, Preventative Medicine, Los Angeles, California
| | - Li Hsu
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Yi-Xin Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jirong Long
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Ulrike Peters
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Koichi Matsuda
- Laboratory of Clinical Genome Sequencing, Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee.
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30
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Balavarca Y, Weigl K, Thomsen H, Brenner H. Performance of individual and joint risk stratification by an environmental risk score and a genetic risk score in a colorectal cancer screening setting. Int J Cancer 2020; 146:627-634. [PMID: 30868574 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Early detection of colorectal neoplasms can reduce the disease burden of colorectal cancer by timely intervention of individuals at high risk. Our aim was to evaluate a joint environmental-genetic risk score as a risk stratification tool for early detection of advanced colorectal neoplasm (ACRN). Known environmental risk factors and high-risk genetic loci were summarized into risk scores for ACRN in 1014 eligible participants of a screening study. The performances of single and joint environmental-genetic scores were evaluated with estimates and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of the absolute risk, relative risk and predictive ability using the area under the curve (AUC). Individuals with higher environmental risk scores showed increasing ACRN risk, with 3.1-fold for intermediate risk and 4.8-fold for very high risk, compared to the very low environmental risk group. Similarly, individuals with higher genetic risk scores showed increasing ACRN risk, with 2.2-fold for intermediate risk and 3.5-fold for very high risk, compared to the lowest genetic risk group. Moreover, the joint environmental-genetic score improved the ACRN risk stratification and showed higher predictive values (AUC = 0.64; 95%CI = 0.60-0.67) with substantial difference (p = 0.0002) compared to the single environmental score (0.58; 0.55-0.62). The integration of environmental and genetic factors looks promising for improving targeting individuals at high-risk of colorectal neoplasm. Applications in practical screening programs require optimization with additional genetic and other biomarkers involved in colorectal carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yesilda Balavarca
- Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Korbinian Weigl
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Medical Faculty, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hauke Thomsen
- Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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Hang D, Joshi AD, He X, Chan AT, Jovani M, Gala MK, Ogino S, Kraft P, Turman C, Peters U, Bien SA, Lin Y, Hu Z, Shen H, Wu K, Giovannucci EL, Song M. Colorectal cancer susceptibility variants and risk of conventional adenomas and serrated polyps: results from three cohort studies. Int J Epidemiol 2020; 49:259-269. [PMID: 31038671 PMCID: PMC7426026 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyz096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing evidence suggests that conventional adenomas (CAs) and serrated polyps (SPs) represent two distinct groups of precursor lesions for colorectal cancer (CRC). The influence of common genetic variants on risk of CAs and SPs remain largely unknown. METHODS Among 27 426 participants within three prospective cohort studies, we created a weighted genetic risk score (GRS) based on 40 CRC-related single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) identified in previous genome-wide association studies; and we examined the association of GRS (per one standard deviation increment) with risk of CAs, SPs and synchronous CAs and SPs, by multivariable logistic regression. We also analysed individual variants in the secondary analysis. RESULTS During 18-20 years of follow-up, we documented 2952 CAs, 1585 SPs and 794 synchronous CAs and SPs. Higher GRS was associated with increased risk of CAs [odds ratio (OR) = 1.17, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.12-1.21] and SPs (OR = 1.09, 95% CI: 1.03-1.14), with a stronger association for CAs than SPs (Pheterogeneity=0.01). An even stronger association was found for patients with synchronous CAs and SPs (OR = 1.32), advanced CAs (OR = 1.22) and multiple CAs (OR = 1.25). Different sets of variants were associated with CAs and SPs, with a Spearman correlation coefficient of 0.02 between the ORs associating the 40 SNPs with the two lesions. After correcting for multiple testing, three variants were associated with CAs (rs3802842, rs6983267 and rs7136702) and two with SPs (rs16892766 and rs4779584). CONCLUSIONS Common genetic variants play a potential role in the conventional and serrated pathways of CRC. Different sets of variants are identified for the two pathways, further supporting the aetiological heterogeneity of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amit D Joshi
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit and Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xiaosheng He
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit and Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Andrew T Chan
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit and Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Manol Jovani
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit and Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Manish K Gala
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit and Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shuji Ogino
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peter Kraft
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Constance Turman
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ulrike Peters
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Stephanie A Bien
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Yi Lin
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Zhibin Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongbing Shen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kana Wu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edward L Giovannucci
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mingyang Song
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit and Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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Weigl K, Chang-Claude J, Hsu L, Hoffmeister M, Brenner H. Establishing a valid approach for estimating familial risk of cancer explained by common genetic variants. Int J Cancer 2020; 146:68-75. [PMID: 31483856 PMCID: PMC7121903 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We critically examined existing approaches for the estimation of the excess familial risk of cancer that can be attributed to identified common genetic risk variants and propose an alternative, more straightforward approach for calculating this proportion using well-established epidemiological methodology. We applied the underlying equations of the traditional approaches and the new epidemiological approach for colorectal cancer (CRC) in a large population-based case-control study in Germany with 4,447 cases and 3,480 controls, who were recruited from 2003 to 2016 and for whom interview, medical and genomic data were available. Having a family history of CRC (FH) was associated with a 1.77-fold risk increase in our study population (95% CI 1.52-2.07). Traditional approaches yielded estimates of the FH-associated risk explained by 97 common genetics variants from 9.6% to 23.1%, depending on various assumptions. Our alternative approach resulted in smaller and more consistent estimates of this proportion, ranging from 5.4% to 14.3%. Commonly employed methods may lead to strongly divergent and possibly exaggerated estimates of excess familial risk of cancer explained by associated known common genetic variants. Our results suggest that familial risk and risk associated with known common genetic variants might reflect two complementary major sources of risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Korbinian Weigl
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- Unit of Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Li Hsu
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Michael Hoffmeister
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center of Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
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33
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Single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with susceptibility for development of colorectal cancer: Case-control study in a Basque population. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0225779. [PMID: 31821333 PMCID: PMC6903717 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Given the significant population diversity in genetic variation, we aimed to investigate whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) previously identified in studies of colorectal cancer (CRC) susceptibility were also relevant to the population of the Basque Country (North of Spain). We genotyped 230 CRC cases and 230 healthy controls for 48 previously reported CRC-susceptibility SNPs. Only the rs6687758 in DUPS10 exhibited a statistically significant association with CRC risk based on the crude analysis. The rs6687758 AG genotype conferred about 2.13-fold increased risk for CRC compared to the AA genotype. Moreover, we found significant associations in cases between smoking status, physical activity, and the rs6687758 SNP. The results of a Genetic Risk Score (GRS) showed that the risk alleles were more frequent in cases than controls and the score was associated with CRC in crude analysis. In conclusion, we have confirmed a CRC susceptibility locus and the existence of associations between modifiable factors and the rs6687758 SNP; moreover, the GRS was associated with CRC. However, further experimental validations are needed to establish the role of this SNP, the function of the gene identified, as well as the contribution of the interaction between environmental factors and this locusto the risk of CRC.
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Wang X, O'Connell K, Jeon J, Song M, Hunter D, Hoffmeister M, Lin Y, Berndt S, Brenner H, Chan AT, Chang-Claude J, Gong J, Gunter MJ, Harrison TA, Hayes RB, Joshi A, Newcomb P, Schoen R, Slattery ML, Vargas A, Potter JD, Le Marchand L, Giovannucci E, White E, Hsu L, Peters U, Du M. Combined effect of modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors for colorectal cancer risk in a pooled analysis of 11 population-based studies. BMJ Open Gastroenterol 2019; 6:e000339. [PMID: 31875139 PMCID: PMC6904202 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgast-2019-000339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE 'Environmental' factors associated with colorectal cancer (CRC) risk include modifiable and non-modifiable variables. Whether those with different non-modifiable baseline risks will benefit similarly from reducing their modifiable CRC risks remains unclear. DESIGN Using 7945 cases and 8893 controls from 11 population-based studies, we combined 17 risk factors to characterise the overall environmental predisposition to CRC (environmental risk score (E-score)). We estimated the absolute risks (ARs) of CRC of 10 and 30 years across E-score using incidence-rate data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results programme. We then combined the modifiable risk factors and estimated ARs across the modifiable risk score, stratified by non-modifiable risk profile based on genetic predisposition, family history and height. RESULTS Higher E-score was associated with increased CRC risk (ORquartile, 1.33; 95% CI 1.30 to 1.37). Across E-scores, 30-year ARs of CRC increased from 2.5% in the lowest quartile (Q1) to 5.9% in the highest (Q4) quartile for men, and from 2.1% to 4.5% for women. The modifiable risk score had a stronger association in those with high non-modifiable risk (relative excess risk due to interaction=1.2, 95% CI 0.5 to 1.9). For those in Q4 of non-modifiable risk, a decrease in modifiable risk reduced 30-year ARs from 8.9% to 3.4% for men and from 6.0% to 3.2% for women, a level lower or comparable to the average population risk. CONCLUSIONS Changes in modifiable risk factors may result in a substantial decline in CRC risk in both sexes. Those with high inherited risk may reap greater benefit from lifestyle modifications. Our results suggested comprehensive evaluation of environmental factors may facilitate CRC risk stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoliang Wang
- Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Kelli O'Connell
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jihyoun Jeon
- Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Mingyang Song
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Nutrition, Harvard University T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David Hunter
- Epidemiology, Harvard University T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Michael Hoffmeister
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yi Lin
- Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Sonja Berndt
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andrew T Chan
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jian Gong
- Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Marc J Gunter
- Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Tabitha A Harrison
- Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Richard B Hayes
- Epidemiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Amit Joshi
- Epidemiology, Harvard University T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Polly Newcomb
- Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Robert Schoen
- Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Martha L Slattery
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Ashley Vargas
- Office of Disease Prevention, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - John D Potter
- Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Loic Le Marchand
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawai'i Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Edward Giovannucci
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Nutrition, Harvard University T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Emily White
- Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Li Hsu
- Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Ulrike Peters
- Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Mengmeng Du
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
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Jenkins MA, Win AK, Dowty JG, MacInnis RJ, Makalic E, Schmidt DF, Dite GS, Kapuscinski M, Clendenning M, Rosty C, Winship IM, Emery JD, Saya S, Macrae FA, Ahnen DJ, Duggan D, Figueiredo JC, Lindor NM, Haile RW, Potter JD, Cotterchio M, Gallinger S, Newcomb PA, Buchanan DD, Casey G, Hopper JL. Ability of known susceptibility SNPs to predict colorectal cancer risk for persons with and without a family history. Fam Cancer 2019; 18:389-397. [PMID: 31209717 PMCID: PMC6785388 DOI: 10.1007/s10689-019-00136-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Before SNP-based risk can be incorporated in colorectal cancer (CRC) screening, the ability of these SNPs to estimate CRC risk for persons with and without a family history of CRC, and the screening implications need to be determined. We estimated the association with CRC of a 45 SNP-based risk using 1181 cases and 999 controls, and its correlation with CRC risk predicted from detailed family history. We estimated the predicted change in the distribution across predefined risk categories, and implications for recommended screening commencement age, from adding SNP-based risk to family history. The inter-quintile risk ratio for colorectal cancer risk of the SNP-based risk was 3.28 (95% CI 2.54-4.22). SNP-based and family history-based risks were not correlated (r = 0.02). For persons with no first-degree relatives with CRC, screening could commence 4 years earlier for women (5 years for men) in the highest quintile of SNP-based risk. For persons with two first-degree relatives with CRC, screening could commence 16 years earlier for men and women in the highest quintile, and 7 years earlier for the lowest quintile. This 45 SNP panel in conjunction with family history, can identify people who could benefit from earlier screening. Risk reclassification by 45 SNPs could inform targeted screening for CRC prevention, particularly in clinical genetics settings when mutations in high-risk genes cannot be identified. Yet to be determined is cost-effectiveness, resources requirements, community, patient and clinician acceptance, and feasibility with potentially ethical, legal and insurance implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Jenkins
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.
- Centre for Cancer Research, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
| | - Aung K Win
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
- Centre for Cancer Research, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Genetic Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - James G Dowty
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Robert J MacInnis
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Enes Makalic
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Daniel F Schmidt
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Gillian S Dite
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Mirosl Kapuscinski
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Mark Clendenning
- Colorectal Oncogenomics Group, Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Christophe Rosty
- Colorectal Oncogenomics Group, Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Envoi Specialist Pathologists, Herston, QLD, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Ingrid M Winship
- Genetic Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Jon D Emery
- Department of General Practice, Centre for Cancer Research, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- The Primary Care Unit, Department of Public Health & Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sibel Saya
- Department of General Practice, Centre for Cancer Research, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- The Primary Care Unit, Department of Public Health & Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Finlay A Macrae
- Genetic Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Colorectal Medicine and Genetics, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Dennis J Ahnen
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, CO, USA
| | - David Duggan
- Office of the Chief Operating Officer, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Jane C Figueiredo
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Noralane M Lindor
- Department of Health Science Research, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Robert W Haile
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - John D Potter
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Centre for Public Health Research, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand
| | | | - Steven Gallinger
- Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Polly A Newcomb
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Daniel D Buchanan
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
- Centre for Cancer Research, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Genetic Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Colorectal Oncogenomics Group, Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Graham Casey
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - John L Hopper
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
- Centre for Cancer Research, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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Ignatieva EV, Yurchenko AA, Voevoda MI, Yudin NS. Exome-wide search and functional annotation of genes associated in patients with severe tick-borne encephalitis in a Russian population. BMC Med Genomics 2019; 12:61. [PMID: 31122248 PMCID: PMC6533173 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-019-0503-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is a viral infectious disease caused by tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV). TBEV infection is responsible for a variety of clinical manifestations ranging from mild fever to severe neurological illness. Genetic factors involved in the host response to TBEV that may potentially play a role in the severity of the disease are still poorly understood. In this study, using whole-exome sequencing, we aimed to identify genetic variants and genes associated with severe forms of TBE as well as biological pathways through which the identified variants may influence the severity of the disease. Results Whole-exome sequencing data analysis was performed on 22 Russian patients with severe forms of TBE and 17 Russian individuals from the control group. We identified 2407 candidate genes harboring rare, potentially pathogenic variants in exomes of patients with TBE and not containing any rare, potentially pathogenic variants in exomes of individuals from the control group. According to DAVID tool, this set of 2407 genes was enriched with genes involved in extracellular matrix proteoglycans pathway and genes encoding proteins located at the cell periphery. A total of 154 genes/proteins from these functional groups have been shown to be involved in protein-protein interactions (PPIs) with the known candidate genes/proteins extracted from TBEVHostDB database. By ranking these genes according to the number of rare harmful minor alleles, we identified two genes (MSR1 and LMO7), harboring five minor alleles, and three genes (FLNA, PALLD, PKD1) harboring four minor alleles. When considering genes harboring genetic variants associated with severe forms of TBE at the suggestive P-value < 0.01, 46 genes containing harmful variants were identified. Out of these 46 genes, eight (MAP4, WDFY4, ACTRT2, KLHL25, MAP2K3, MBD1, OR10J1, and OR2T34) were additionally found among genes containing rare pathogenic variants identified in patients with TBE; and five genes (WDFY4,ALK, MAP4, BNIPL, EPPK1) were found to encode proteins that are involved in PPIs with proteins encoded by genes from TBEVHostDB. Three genes out of five (MAP4, EPPK1, ALK) were found to encode proteins located at cell periphery. Conclusions Whole-exome sequencing followed by systems biology approach enabled to identify eight candidate genes (MAP4, WDFY4, ACTRT2, KLHL25, MAP2K3, MBD1, OR10J1, and OR2T34) that can potentially determine predisposition to severe forms of TBE. Analyses of the genetic risk factors for severe forms of TBE revealed a significant enrichment with genes controlling extracellular matrix proteoglycans pathway as well as genes encoding components of cell periphery. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12920-019-0503-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena V Ignatieva
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Bioinformatics and Theoretical Genetics, The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia. .,Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.
| | - Andrey A Yurchenko
- Laboratory of Infectious Disease Genomics, The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Mikhail I Voevoda
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.,Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630004, Russia
| | - Nikolay S Yudin
- Laboratory of Infectious Disease Genomics, The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.,Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
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Law PJ, Timofeeva M, Fernandez-Rozadilla C, Broderick P, Studd J, Fernandez-Tajes J, Farrington S, Svinti V, Palles C, Orlando G, Sud A, Holroyd A, Penegar S, Theodoratou E, Vaughan-Shaw P, Campbell H, Zgaga L, Hayward C, Campbell A, Harris S, Deary IJ, Starr J, Gatcombe L, Pinna M, Briggs S, Martin L, Jaeger E, Sharma-Oates A, East J, Leedham S, Arnold R, Johnstone E, Wang H, Kerr D, Kerr R, Maughan T, Kaplan R, Al-Tassan N, Palin K, Hänninen UA, Cajuso T, Tanskanen T, Kondelin J, Kaasinen E, Sarin AP, Eriksson JG, Rissanen H, Knekt P, Pukkala E, Jousilahti P, Salomaa V, Ripatti S, Palotie A, Renkonen-Sinisalo L, Lepistö A, Böhm J, Mecklin JP, Buchanan DD, Win AK, Hopper J, Jenkins ME, Lindor NM, Newcomb PA, Gallinger S, Duggan D, Casey G, Hoffmann P, Nöthen MM, Jöckel KH, Easton DF, Pharoah PDP, Peto J, Canzian F, Swerdlow A, Eeles RA, Kote-Jarai Z, Muir K, Pashayan N, Harkin A, Allan K, McQueen J, Paul J, Iveson T, Saunders M, Butterbach K, Chang-Claude J, Hoffmeister M, Brenner H, Kirac I, Matošević P, Hofer P, Brezina S, Gsur A, Cheadle JP, Aaltonen LA, Tomlinson I, Houlston RS, Dunlop MG. Association analyses identify 31 new risk loci for colorectal cancer susceptibility. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2154. [PMID: 31089142 PMCID: PMC6517433 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09775-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, and has a strong heritable basis. We report a genome-wide association analysis of 34,627 CRC cases and 71,379 controls of European ancestry that identifies SNPs at 31 new CRC risk loci. We also identify eight independent risk SNPs at the new and previously reported European CRC loci, and a further nine CRC SNPs at loci previously only identified in Asian populations. We use in situ promoter capture Hi-C (CHi-C), gene expression, and in silico annotation methods to identify likely target genes of CRC SNPs. Whilst these new SNP associations implicate target genes that are enriched for known CRC pathways such as Wnt and BMP, they also highlight novel pathways with no prior links to colorectal tumourigenesis. These findings provide further insight into CRC susceptibility and enhance the prospects of applying genetic risk scores to personalised screening and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip J Law
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Maria Timofeeva
- Colon Cancer Genetics Group, Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Ceres Fernandez-Rozadilla
- Grupo de Medicina Xenómica, Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica, Instituto de Investigación de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Spain
- Cancer Genetics and Evolution Laboratory, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Vincent Drive, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Peter Broderick
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK
| | - James Studd
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Juan Fernandez-Tajes
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, McCarthy Group, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Susan Farrington
- Colon Cancer Genetics Group, Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Victoria Svinti
- Colon Cancer Genetics Group, Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Claire Palles
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Vincent Drive, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Giulia Orlando
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Amit Sud
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Amy Holroyd
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Steven Penegar
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Evropi Theodoratou
- Colon Cancer Genetics Group, Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, UK
| | - Peter Vaughan-Shaw
- Colon Cancer Genetics Group, Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Harry Campbell
- Colon Cancer Genetics Group, Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, UK
| | - Lina Zgaga
- Colon Cancer Genetics Group, Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Institute of Population Health, Trinity College Dublin, University of Dublin, Dublin, D02 PN40, Ireland
| | - Caroline Hayward
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Archie Campbell
- Generation Scotland, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Sarah Harris
- Generation Scotland, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Ian J Deary
- Generation Scotland, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - John Starr
- Generation Scotland, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
- Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomics and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
- Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Laura Gatcombe
- Cancer Genetics and Evolution Laboratory, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Vincent Drive, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Maria Pinna
- Cancer Genetics and Evolution Laboratory, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Vincent Drive, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Sarah Briggs
- Cancer Genetics and Evolution Laboratory, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Vincent Drive, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Lynn Martin
- Cancer Genetics and Evolution Laboratory, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Vincent Drive, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Emma Jaeger
- Cancer Genetics and Evolution Laboratory, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Vincent Drive, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Archana Sharma-Oates
- Cancer Genetics and Evolution Laboratory, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Vincent Drive, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - James East
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department. of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Simon Leedham
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, McCarthy Group, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
- Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Roland Arnold
- Cancer Bioinfomatics Laboratory, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Vincent Drive, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Elaine Johnstone
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford, OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Haitao Wang
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford, OX3 7LE, UK
| | - David Kerr
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Rachel Kerr
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford, OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Tim Maughan
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford, OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Richard Kaplan
- Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit, Aviation House, 125 Kingsway, London, WC2B 6NH, UK
| | - Nada Al-Tassan
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kimmo Palin
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum and Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Ulrika A Hänninen
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum and Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Tatiana Cajuso
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum and Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Tomas Tanskanen
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum and Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Johanna Kondelin
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum and Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Eevi Kaasinen
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum and Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Antti-Pekka Sarin
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Johan G Eriksson
- Folkhälsan Research Centre, 00250, Helsinki, Finland
- Unit of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Harri Rissanen
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, 00271, Finland
| | - Paul Knekt
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, 00271, Finland
| | - Eero Pukkala
- Finnish Cancer Registry, Institute for Statistical and Epidemiological Cancer Research, Helsinki, Finland, and Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, 33014, Finland
- Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, 33014, Finland
| | - Pekka Jousilahti
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, 00271, Finland
| | - Veikko Salomaa
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, 00271, Finland
| | - Samuli Ripatti
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Aarno Palotie
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Laura Renkonen-Sinisalo
- Department of Surgery, Abdominal Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, 00029, Finland
| | - Anna Lepistö
- Department of Surgery, Abdominal Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, 00029, Finland
| | - Jan Böhm
- Department of Pathology, Central Finland Central Hospital, Jyväskylä, 40620, Finland
| | - Jukka-Pekka Mecklin
- Department of Surgery, Jyväskylä Central Hospital, Jyväskylä, 40620, Finland
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, 40014, Finland
| | - Daniel D Buchanan
- Colorectal Oncogenomics Group, Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
- Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, University of Melbourne, Centre for Cancer Research, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
- Genomic Medicine and Family Cancer Clinic, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Aung-Ko Win
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - John Hopper
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Mark E Jenkins
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Noralane M Lindor
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, 85259, USA
| | - Polly A Newcomb
- Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Steven Gallinger
- Mount Sinai Hospital, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - David Duggan
- Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), An Affiliate of City of Hope, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - Graham Casey
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Virginia, VA, 22903, USA
| | - Per Hoffmann
- Human Genomics Research Group, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, 4031, Switzerland
- Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, 53127, Germany
| | - Markus M Nöthen
- Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, 53127, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, 53127, Germany
| | - Karl-Heinz Jöckel
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, 45147, Germany
| | - Douglas F Easton
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Paul D P Pharoah
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Julian Peto
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Federico Canzian
- Genomic Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Anthony Swerdlow
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK
- Division of Breast Cancer Research, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Rosalind A Eeles
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK
- Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - Zsofia Kote-Jarai
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Kenneth Muir
- Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7HL, UK
| | - Nora Pashayan
- Department of Applied Health Research, University College London, London, WC1E 7HB, UK
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, Strangeways Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Andrea Harkin
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Karen Allan
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - John McQueen
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - James Paul
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Timothy Iveson
- University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Mark Saunders
- The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, M20 4BX, UK
| | - Katja Butterbach
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- Unit of Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
- University Cancer Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, 20251, Germany
| | - Michael Hoffmeister
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
- Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Iva Kirac
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University Hospital for Tumours, Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, 10000, Croatia
| | - Petar Matošević
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Center Zagreb, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Philipp Hofer
- Department of Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefanie Brezina
- Department of Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrea Gsur
- Department of Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jeremy P Cheadle
- Division of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Lauri A Aaltonen
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum and Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Ian Tomlinson
- Cancer Genetics and Evolution Laboratory, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Vincent Drive, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Richard S Houlston
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK.
| | - Malcolm G Dunlop
- Colon Cancer Genetics Group, Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
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Shi Z, Yu H, Wu Y, Lin X, Bao Q, Jia H, Perschon C, Duggan D, Helfand BT, Zheng SL, Xu J. Systematic evaluation of cancer-specific genetic risk score for 11 types of cancer in The Cancer Genome Atlas and Electronic Medical Records and Genomics cohorts. Cancer Med 2019; 8:3196-3205. [PMID: 30968590 PMCID: PMC6558466 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic risk score (GRS) is an odds ratio (OR)-weighted and population-standardized method for measuring cumulative effect of multiple risk-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). We hypothesize that GRS is a valid tool for risk assessment of most common cancers. METHODS Utilizing genotype and phenotype data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Electronic Medical Records and Genomics (eMERGE), we tested 11 cancer-specific GRSs (bladder, breast, colorectal, glioma, lung, melanoma, ovarian, pancreatic, prostate, renal, and thyroid cancer) for association with the respective cancer type. Cancer-specific GRSs were calculated, for the first time in these cohorts, based on previously published risk-associated SNPs using the Caucasian subjects in these two cohorts. RESULTS Mean cancer-specific GRS in the population controls of eMERGE approximated the expected value of 1.00 (between 0.98 and 1.02) for all 11 types of cancer. Mean cancer-specific GRS was consistently higher in respective cancer patients than controls for all 11 types of cancer (P < 0.05). When subjects were categorized into low-, average-, and high-risk groups based on cancer-specific GRS (<0.5, 0.5-1.5, and >1.5, respectively), significant dose-response associations of higher cancer-specific GRS with higher OR of respective type of cancer were found for nine types of cancer (P-trend < 0.05). More than 64% subjects in the population controls of eMERGE can be classified as high risk for at least one type of these cancers. CONCLUSION Validity of GRS for predicting cancer risk is demonstrated for most types of cancer. If confirmed in larger studies, cancer-specific GRS may have the potential for developing personalized cancer screening strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuqing Shi
- Program for Personalized Cancer Care, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois.,State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongjie Yu
- Program for Personalized Cancer Care, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois
| | - Yishuo Wu
- Fudan Institute of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoling Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Fudan Institute of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Quanwa Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haifei Jia
- Fudan Institute of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chelsea Perschon
- Program for Personalized Cancer Care, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois
| | - David Duggan
- Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Brian T Helfand
- Program for Personalized Cancer Care, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois
| | - Siqun L Zheng
- Program for Personalized Cancer Care, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois
| | - Jianfeng Xu
- Program for Personalized Cancer Care, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois.,State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Fudan Institute of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Tanikawa C, Kamatani Y, Takahashi A, Momozawa Y, Leveque K, Nagayama S, Mimori K, Mori M, Ishii H, Inazawa J, Yasuda J, Tsuboi A, Shimizu A, Sasaki M, Yamaji T, Sawada N, Iwasaki M, Tsugane S, Naito M, Wakai K, Koyama T, Takezaki T, Yuji K, Murakami Y, Nakamura Y, Kubo M, Matsuda K. GWAS identifies two novel colorectal cancer loci at 16q24.1 and 20q13.12. Carcinogenesis 2019; 39:652-660. [PMID: 29471430 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgy026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the fourth leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) identified more than 50 CRC loci. However, most of the previous studies were conducted in European population, and host genetic factors among Japanese population are largely remained to be identified. To identify novel loci in the Japanese population, here, we performed a large-scale GWAS using 6692 cases and 27 178 controls followed by a replication analysis using more than 11 000 case-control samples. We found the significant association of 10 loci (P < 5 × 10-8), including 2 novel loci on 16q24.1 (IRF8-FOXF1, rs847208, P = 3.15 × 10-9 and odds ratio = 1.107 with 95% confidence interval (CI) of 1.071-1.145) and 20q13.12 (TOX2, rs6065668, P = 4.47 × 10-11 and odds ratio = 0.897 with 95% CI of 0.868-0.926). Moreover, 35 previously reported single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 24 regions were validated in the Japanese population (P < 0.05) with the same risk allele as in the previous studies. SNP rs6065668 was significantly associated with TOX2 expression in the sigmoid colon. In addition, nucleotide substitutions in the regulatory region of TOX2 were predicted to alter the binding of several transcription factors, including KLF5. Our findings elucidate the important role of genetic variations in the development of CRC in the Japanese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chizu Tanikawa
- Laboratory of Genome Technology, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Kamatani
- Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Atsushi Takahashi
- Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, Kanagawa, Japan.,Department of Genomic Medicine, Research Institute, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yukihide Momozawa
- Laboratory for Genotyping Development, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Karine Leveque
- Laboratory of Clinical Genome Sequencing, Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Oncology Master Progam, University Claude Bernard, Lyon I, Lyon, France
| | - Satoshi Nagayama
- Department of Gastroenterology, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koshi Mimori
- Department of Surgery and Molecular Oncology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Oita, Japan
| | - Masaki Mori
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery and Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hideshi Ishii
- Department of Medical Data Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Johji Inazawa
- Department of Molecular Cytogenetics, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Yasuda
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Akito Tsuboi
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Atsushi Shimizu
- Iwate Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Iwate Medical University, Iwate, Japan
| | - Makoto Sasaki
- Iwate Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Iwate Medical University, Iwate, Japan
| | - Taiki Yamaji
- Division of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norie Sawada
- Division of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motoki Iwasaki
- Division of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Tsugane
- Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mariko Naito
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kenji Wakai
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Teruhide Koyama
- Department of Epidemiology for Community Health and Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toshiro Takezaki
- Department of International Island and Community Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Koichiro Yuji
- Project Division of International Advanced Medical Research, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Murakami
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Nakamura
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, IL, USA.,Center for Personalized Therapeutics, The University of Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Michiaki Kubo
- Laboratory for Genotyping Development, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Koichi Matsuda
- Laboratory of Genome Technology, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Laboratory of Clinical Genome Sequencing, Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Huyghe JR, Bien SA, Harrison TA, Kang HM, Chen S, Schmit SL, Conti DV, Qu C, Jeon J, Edlund CK, Greenside P, Wainberg M, Schumacher FR, Smith JD, Levine DM, Nelson SC, Sinnott-Armstrong NA, Albanes D, Alonso MH, Anderson K, Arnau-Collell C, Arndt V, Bamia C, Banbury BL, Baron JA, Berndt SI, Bézieau S, Bishop DT, Boehm J, Boeing H, Brenner H, Brezina S, Buch S, Buchanan DD, Burnett-Hartman A, Butterbach K, Caan BJ, Campbell PT, Carlson CS, Castellví-Bel S, Chan AT, Chang-Claude J, Chanock SJ, Chirlaque MD, Cho SH, Connolly CM, Cross AJ, Cuk K, Curtis KR, de la Chapelle A, Doheny KF, Duggan D, Easton DF, Elias SG, Elliott F, English DR, Feskens EJM, Figueiredo JC, Fischer R, FitzGerald LM, Forman D, Gala M, Gallinger S, Gauderman WJ, Giles GG, Gillanders E, Gong J, Goodman PJ, Grady WM, Grove JS, Gsur A, Gunter MJ, Haile RW, Hampe J, Hampel H, Harlid S, Hayes RB, Hofer P, Hoffmeister M, Hopper JL, Hsu WL, Huang WY, Hudson TJ, Hunter DJ, Ibañez-Sanz G, Idos GE, Ingersoll R, Jackson RD, Jacobs EJ, Jenkins MA, Joshi AD, Joshu CE, Keku TO, Key TJ, Kim HR, Kobayashi E, Kolonel LN, Kooperberg C, Kühn T, Küry S, Kweon SS, Larsson SC, Laurie CA, Le Marchand L, Leal SM, Lee SC, Lejbkowicz F, Lemire M, Li CI, Li L, Lieb W, Lin Y, Lindblom A, Lindor NM, Ling H, Louie TL, Männistö S, Markowitz SD, Martín V, Masala G, McNeil CE, Melas M, Milne RL, Moreno L, Murphy N, Myte R, Naccarati A, Newcomb PA, Offit K, Ogino S, Onland-Moret NC, Pardini B, Parfrey PS, Pearlman R, Perduca V, Pharoah PDP, Pinchev M, Platz EA, Prentice RL, Pugh E, Raskin L, Rennert G, Rennert HS, Riboli E, Rodríguez-Barranco M, Romm J, Sakoda LC, Schafmayer C, Schoen RE, Seminara D, Shah M, Shelford T, Shin MH, Shulman K, Sieri S, Slattery ML, Southey MC, Stadler ZK, Stegmaier C, Su YR, Tangen CM, Thibodeau SN, Thomas DC, Thomas SS, Toland AE, Trichopoulou A, Ulrich CM, Van Den Berg DJ, van Duijnhoven FJB, Van Guelpen B, van Kranen H, Vijai J, Visvanathan K, Vodicka P, Vodickova L, Vymetalkova V, Weigl K, Weinstein SJ, White E, Win AK, Wolf CR, Wolk A, Woods MO, Wu AH, Zaidi SH, Zanke BW, Zhang Q, Zheng W, Scacheri PC, Potter JD, Bassik MC, Kundaje A, Casey G, Moreno V, Abecasis GR, Nickerson DA, Gruber SB, Hsu L, Peters U. Discovery of common and rare genetic risk variants for colorectal cancer. Nat Genet 2019; 51:76-87. [PMID: 30510241 PMCID: PMC6358437 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-018-0286-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 336] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
To further dissect the genetic architecture of colorectal cancer (CRC), we performed whole-genome sequencing of 1,439 cases and 720 controls, imputed discovered sequence variants and Haplotype Reference Consortium panel variants into genome-wide association study data, and tested for association in 34,869 cases and 29,051 controls. Findings were followed up in an additional 23,262 cases and 38,296 controls. We discovered a strongly protective 0.3% frequency variant signal at CHD1. In a combined meta-analysis of 125,478 individuals, we identified 40 new independent signals at P < 5 × 10-8, bringing the number of known independent signals for CRC to ~100. New signals implicate lower-frequency variants, Krüppel-like factors, Hedgehog signaling, Hippo-YAP signaling, long noncoding RNAs and somatic drivers, and support a role for immune function. Heritability analyses suggest that CRC risk is highly polygenic, and larger, more comprehensive studies enabling rare variant analysis will improve understanding of biology underlying this risk and influence personalized screening strategies and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen R Huyghe
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Stephanie A Bien
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Tabitha A Harrison
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Hyun Min Kang
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sai Chen
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Stephanie L Schmit
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - David V Conti
- Department of Preventive Medicine, USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Conghui Qu
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jihyoun Jeon
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Christopher K Edlund
- Department of Preventive Medicine, USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Peyton Greenside
- Biomedical Informatics Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Michael Wainberg
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Fredrick R Schumacher
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Joshua D Smith
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - David M Levine
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sarah C Nelson
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Demetrius Albanes
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - M Henar Alonso
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kristin Anderson
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Coral Arnau-Collell
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Volker Arndt
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christina Bamia
- Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece
- WHO Collaborating Center for Nutrition and Health, Unit of Nutritional Epidemiology and Nutrition in Public Health, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Barbara L Banbury
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - John A Baron
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Sonja I Berndt
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stéphane Bézieau
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - D Timothy Bishop
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Juergen Boehm
- Huntsman Cancer Institute and Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Heiner Boeing
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE), Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Germany
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Brezina
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stephan Buch
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden (TU Dresden), Dresden, Germany
| | - Daniel D Buchanan
- Colorectal Oncogenomics Group, Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- University of Melbourne Centre for Cancer Research, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Genomic Medicine and Family Cancer Clinic, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Katja Butterbach
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bette J Caan
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Peter T Campbell
- Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Christopher S Carlson
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sergi Castellví-Bel
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrew T Chan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Cancer Epidemiology Group, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, University Cancer Centre Hamburg (UCCH), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stephen J Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Maria-Dolores Chirlaque
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Epidemiology, Regional Health Council, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia University, Murcia, Spain
| | - Sang Hee Cho
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Hwasun, South Korea
| | - Charles M Connolly
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Amanda J Cross
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Katarina Cuk
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Keith R Curtis
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Albert de la Chapelle
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics and the Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Kimberly F Doheny
- Center for Inherited Disease Research (CIDR), Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David Duggan
- Translational Genomics Research Institute - An Affiliate of City of Hope, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Douglas F Easton
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sjoerd G Elias
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Faye Elliott
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Dallas R English
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Cancer Epidemiology and Intelligence Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Edith J M Feskens
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jane C Figueiredo
- Department of Medicine, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rocky Fischer
- University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Liesel M FitzGerald
- Cancer Epidemiology and Intelligence Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - David Forman
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Manish Gala
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Steven Gallinger
- Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - W James Gauderman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Graham G Giles
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Cancer Epidemiology and Intelligence Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Gillanders
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jian Gong
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Phyllis J Goodman
- SWOG Statistical Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - William M Grady
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - John S Grove
- University of Hawaii Cancer Research Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Andrea Gsur
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marc J Gunter
- Nutrition and Metabolism Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Robert W Haile
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jochen Hampe
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden (TU Dresden), Dresden, Germany
| | - Heather Hampel
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Sophia Harlid
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology Unit, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Richard B Hayes
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Philipp Hofer
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Hoffmeister
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - John L Hopper
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Wan-Ling Hsu
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Wen-Yi Huang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Thomas J Hudson
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David J Hunter
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Gemma Ibañez-Sanz
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Gastroenterology Department, Bellvitge University Hospital, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Colorectal Cancer Group, ONCOBELL Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gregory E Idos
- Department of Preventive Medicine, USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Roxann Ingersoll
- Center for Inherited Disease Research (CIDR), Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rebecca D Jackson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Eric J Jacobs
- Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mark A Jenkins
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Amit D Joshi
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Corinne E Joshu
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Temitope O Keku
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Timothy J Key
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Hyeong Rok Kim
- Department of Surgery, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital and Medical School, Hwasun, Korea
| | - Emiko Kobayashi
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Laurence N Kolonel
- Office of Public Health Studies, University of Hawaii Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Charles Kooperberg
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Tilman Kühn
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sébastien Küry
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Sun-Seog Kweon
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
- Jeonnam Regional Cancer Center, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Korea
| | - Susanna C Larsson
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cecelia A Laurie
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Suzanne M Leal
- Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Soo Chin Lee
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore, Singapore
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Flavio Lejbkowicz
- The Clalit Health Services, Personalized Genomic Service, Carmel, Haifa, Israel
- Department of Community Medicine and Epidemiology, Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
- Clalit National Cancer Control Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Mathieu Lemire
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christopher I Li
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Li Li
- Center for Community Health Integration and Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Wolfgang Lieb
- Institute of Epidemiology, PopGen Biobank, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Yi Lin
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Annika Lindblom
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Noralane M Lindor
- Department of Health Science Research, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Hua Ling
- Center for Inherited Disease Research (CIDR), Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Tin L Louie
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Satu Männistö
- Department of Public Health Solutions, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sanford D Markowitz
- Departments of Medicine and Genetics, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, and University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Vicente Martín
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Biomedicine Institute (IBIOMED), University of León, León, Spain
| | - Giovanna Masala
- Cancer Risk Factors and Life-Style Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network - ISPRO, Florence, Italy
| | - Caroline E McNeil
- USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Marilena Melas
- Department of Preventive Medicine, USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Roger L Milne
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Cancer Epidemiology and Intelligence Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lorena Moreno
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Neil Murphy
- Nutrition and Metabolism Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Robin Myte
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology Unit, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Alessio Naccarati
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine (IIGM), Turin, Italy
| | - Polly A Newcomb
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kenneth Offit
- Clinical Genetics Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shuji Ogino
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - N Charlotte Onland-Moret
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Barbara Pardini
- Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine (IIGM), Turin, Italy
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Patrick S Parfrey
- The Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Memorial University Medical School, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Rachel Pearlman
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Vittorio Perduca
- Laboratoire de Mathématiques Appliquées MAP5 (UMR CNRS 8145), Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- CESP (Inserm U1018), Facultés de Medicine Université Paris-Sud, UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Paul D P Pharoah
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mila Pinchev
- Department of Community Medicine and Epidemiology, Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Elizabeth A Platz
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ross L Prentice
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Pugh
- Center for Inherited Disease Research (CIDR), Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Leon Raskin
- Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Gad Rennert
- Department of Community Medicine and Epidemiology, Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
- Clalit National Cancer Control Center, Haifa, Israel
- Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Hedy S Rennert
- Department of Community Medicine and Epidemiology, Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
- Clalit National Cancer Control Center, Haifa, Israel
- Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Elio Riboli
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Miguel Rodríguez-Barranco
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública. Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Hospitales Universitarios de Granada, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Jane Romm
- Center for Inherited Disease Research (CIDR), Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lori C Sakoda
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Clemens Schafmayer
- Department of General and Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Robert E Schoen
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Daniela Seminara
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mitul Shah
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tameka Shelford
- Center for Inherited Disease Research (CIDR), Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Min-Ho Shin
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | | | - Sabina Sieri
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Martha L Slattery
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Melissa C Southey
- Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Zsofia K Stadler
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Yu-Ru Su
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Catherine M Tangen
- SWOG Statistical Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Stephen N Thibodeau
- Division of Laboratory Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Duncan C Thomas
- Department of Preventive Medicine, USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sushma S Thomas
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Amanda E Toland
- Departments of Cancer Biology and Genetics and Internal Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Antonia Trichopoulou
- Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece
- WHO Collaborating Center for Nutrition and Health, Unit of Nutritional Epidemiology and Nutrition in Public Health, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Cornelia M Ulrich
- Huntsman Cancer Institute and Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - David J Van Den Berg
- Department of Preventive Medicine, USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Bethany Van Guelpen
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology Unit, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Henk van Kranen
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Joseph Vijai
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kala Visvanathan
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Pavel Vodicka
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Center in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Ludmila Vodickova
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Center in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Vymetalkova
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Center in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Korbinian Weigl
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Medical Faculty, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stephanie J Weinstein
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Emily White
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Aung Ko Win
- Genomic Medicine and Family Cancer Clinic, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - C Roland Wolf
- School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, UK
| | - Alicja Wolk
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Michael O Woods
- Memorial University of Newfoundland, Discipline of Genetics, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Anna H Wu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Syed H Zaidi
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brent W Zanke
- Division of Hematology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Qing Zhang
- Genomics Shared Resource, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Peter C Scacheri
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - John D Potter
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Anshul Kundaje
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Graham Casey
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Victor Moreno
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Colorectal Cancer Group, ONCOBELL Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Goncalo R Abecasis
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Stephen B Gruber
- Department of Preventive Medicine, USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Li Hsu
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ulrike Peters
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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Gargallo CJ, Lanas Á, Carrera‐Lasfuentes P, Ferrandez Á, Quintero E, Carrillo M, Alonso‐Abreu I, García‐Gonzalez MA. Genetic susceptibility in the development of colorectal adenomas according to family history of colorectal cancer. Int J Cancer 2018; 144:489-502. [PMID: 30194776 PMCID: PMC6587859 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Our study aimed to evaluate the relevance of genetic susceptibility in the development of colorectal adenomas (CRA) and its relationship with the presence of family history of colorectal cancer (CRC). Genomic DNA from 750 cases (first degree relatives of patients with CRC) and 750 controls (subjects with no family history of CRC) was genotyped for 99 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) previously associated with CRC/CRA risk by GWAS and candidate gene studies by using the MassArray™ (Sequenom) platform. Cases and controls were matched by gender, age and histological lesion. Eight hundred and fifty‐eight patients showed no neoplastic lesions, whereas 288 patients showed low‐risk adenomas, and 354 patients presented high‐risk adenomas. Two SNPs (rs10505477, rs6983267) in the CASC8 gene were associated with a reduced risk of CRA in controls (log‐additive models, OR: 0.67, 95%CI:0.54–0.83, and OR:0.66, 95%CI:0.54–0.84, respectively). Stratified analysis by histological lesion revealed the association of rs10505477 and rs6983267 variants with reduced risk of low‐ and high‐risk adenomas in controls, being this effect stronger in low‐risk adenomas (log‐additive models, OR:0.63, 95%CI:0.47–0.84 and OR:0.64, 95%CI:0.47–0.86, respectively). Moreover, 2 SNPs (rs10795668, rs11255841) in the noncoding LINC00709 gene were significantly associated with a reduced risk of low‐risk adenomas in cases (recessive models, OR:0.22, 95%CI:0.06–0.72, and OR:0.08, 95%CI:0.03–0.61) and controls (dominant models, OR:0.50, 95%CI:0.34–0.75, and OR:0.52, 95%CI:0.35–0.78, respectively). In conclusion, some variants associated with CRC risk (rs10505477, rs6983267, rs10795668 and rs11255841) are also involved in the susceptibility to CRA and specific subtypes. These associations are influenced by the presence of family history of CRC. What's new? While numerous candidate gene variants have been associated with colorectal cancer, little is known about the relevance of genetic susceptibility or influence of family history in the development of precancerous colorectal adenomas. In the present study, certain genetic variants previously associated with colorectal cancer risk, including two variants in the CASC8 gene and two in the lnc‐RNA LINC00709 gene, were found to be also involved in susceptibility to colorectal adenomas. The associations were modified by family history of colorectal cancer. The results could have implications for colorectal cancer screening and the identification of individuals at increased risk of colorectal adenoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla J. Gargallo
- Department of GastroenterologyHospital Clínico Universitario Lozano BlesaZaragozaSpain
- Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragon)ZaragozaSpain
| | - Ángel Lanas
- Department of GastroenterologyHospital Clínico Universitario Lozano BlesaZaragozaSpain
- Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragon)ZaragozaSpain
- University of Zaragoza School of MedicineZaragozaSpain
- CIBERehdZaragozaSpain
| | | | - Ángel Ferrandez
- Department of GastroenterologyHospital Clínico Universitario Lozano BlesaZaragozaSpain
- Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragon)ZaragozaSpain
| | - Enrique Quintero
- University of La Laguna, School of MedicineCanary IslandsSpain
- Hospital Universitario de CanariasCanary IslandsSpain
| | | | | | - María Asunción García‐Gonzalez
- Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragon)ZaragozaSpain
- CIBERehdZaragozaSpain
- Aragon Institute of Health Sciences (IACS)ZaragozaSpain
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42
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Liu Y, Li Y, Hou R, Shu Z. Knockdown GREM1 suppresses cell growth, angiogenesis, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in colon cancer. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:5583-5596. [PMID: 30426548 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Gremlin 1 (GREM1), as a bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) antagonist and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR2) novel agonist, has been confirmed as overexpressed in colorectal cancer (CRC) tissues but its role in carcinogenesis remains unclear. Here we reported that the GREM1 expression in mesenchymal-like colon cancer cells (SW620 and SW480) was significantly higher than that of epithelial-like colon cancer cells (Caco-2, HTC116, and HT29) and normal colon cell. Simultaneously, we analyzed two series of CRC transcriptomes from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases and found the great majority of primary CRC tissues expressed high level of GREM1 messenger RNA (mRNA) compared with adjacent normal tissues, and that the GREM1 mRNA expression is correlated with low histological grade development and stage 2 to 3 metastatic recurrence in CRC based on a data analysis of 104 different stage CRC tissue from the GEO databases. Functional studies showed that GREM1 silencing by short hairpin RNA (shRNA) significantly inhibited CRC cells proliferation, migration, the formation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced capillary structure of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in colon cancer cells by repressing phosphorylation levels of BMP downstream signal Smad1, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) downstream signal matrix metallopeptidase 2 (MMP2), and metastasis-related factor C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12) expression. In addition, shGREM1 combined with VEGF inhibitor BAW2881 displayed more effective antiangiogenesis to inhibit the tube formation of HUVEC. Hence, these experiments demonstrated that GREM1 is involved in CRC development and procession and provide a new idea for CRC diagnosis, resistance therapy, and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- Department of Ultrasonography, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yongchao Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Colorectal and Anal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ruizhe Hou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Colorectal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Department of Gastrointestinal Colorectal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhenbo Shu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Colorectal and Anal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Department of Gastrointestinal Colorectal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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43
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Weigl K, Thomsen H, Balavarca Y, Hellwege JN, Shrubsole MJ, Brenner H. Genetic Risk Score Is Associated With Prevalence of Advanced Neoplasms in a Colorectal Cancer Screening Population. Gastroenterology 2018; 155:88-98.e10. [PMID: 29574091 PMCID: PMC6035076 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2018.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The presence of specific single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) can be used to calculate an individual's risk for colorectal cancer (CRC), called a genetic risk score (GRS). We investigated whether GRS can identify individuals with clinically relevant neoplasms in a screening colonoscopy population. METHODS We derived a GRS based on 48 SNPs associated with CRC, identified in a comprehensive literature search. We obtained genetic data from 1043 participants (50-79 years old) in a screening colonoscopy study in Germany, recruited from 2005 through 2013 (294 with advanced neoplasms, 249 with non-advanced adenoma (NAAs), and 500 without neoplasms). Each participant was assigned a GRS by aggregating their risk alleles (0, 1, or 2). Risk of advanced neoplasms and NAA according to GRS was calculated by multiple logistic regression. Risk advancement periods were calculated. We replicated our findings using data from a subset of the Tennessee Colorectal Polyp Study. RESULTS An increased GRS was associated with higher prevalence of advanced neoplasms, but not NAAs. Participants in the middle and upper tertiles of GRS had a 2.2-fold and 2.7-fold increase in risk, respectively, of advanced neoplasms compared to those in the lower tertile. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) were 1.09 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.76-1.57) for NAA in the middle tertile and 1.05 (95% CI, 0.70-1.55) for NAA in the upper tertile. The ORs were largest for proximal advanced neoplasms for participants in the middle tertile (OR, 3.55; 95% CI 1.85-6.82) and the upper tertile (OR, 3.61; 95% CI 1.84-7.10). The risk advancement period for medium vs low GRS was 13.4 years (95% CI 4.8-22.0) and for high vs low GRS was 17.5 years (95% CI, 7.8-27.3). CONCLUSIONS In a genetic analysis of participants in a CRC screening study in Germany, an increased GRS (based on CRC-associated SNPs) was associated with increased prevalence of advanced neoplasms. These findings might be used in defining risk-adapted screening ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Korbinian Weigl
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; German Cancer Consortium, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Medical Faculty Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hauke Thomsen
- Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yesilda Balavarca
- Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center and National Center of Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jacklyn N Hellwege
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Martha J Shrubsole
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; German Cancer Consortium, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center and National Center of Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg, Germany.
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44
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Jeon J, Du M, Schoen RE, Hoffmeister M, Newcomb PA, Berndt SI, Caan B, Campbell PT, Chan AT, Chang-Claude J, Giles GG, Gong J, Harrison TA, Huyghe JR, Jacobs EJ, Li L, Lin Y, Le Marchand L, Potter JD, Qu C, Bien SA, Zubair N, Macinnis RJ, Buchanan DD, Hopper JL, Cao Y, Nishihara R, Rennert G, Slattery ML, Thomas DC, Woods MO, Prentice RL, Gruber SB, Zheng Y, Brenner H, Hayes RB, White E, Peters U, Hsu L. Determining Risk of Colorectal Cancer and Starting Age of Screening Based on Lifestyle, Environmental, and Genetic Factors. Gastroenterology 2018; 154:2152-2164.e19. [PMID: 29458155 PMCID: PMC5985207 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2018.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Guidelines for initiating colorectal cancer (CRC) screening are based on family history but do not consider lifestyle, environmental, or genetic risk factors. We developed models to determine risk of CRC, based on lifestyle and environmental factors and genetic variants, and to identify an optimal age to begin screening. METHODS We collected data from 9748 CRC cases and 10,590 controls in the Genetics and Epidemiology of Colorectal Cancer Consortium and the Colorectal Transdisciplinary study, from 1992 through 2005. Half of the participants were used to develop the risk determination model and the other half were used to evaluate the discriminatory accuracy (validation set). Models of CRC risk were created based on family history, 19 lifestyle and environmental factors (E-score), and 63 CRC-associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms identified in genome-wide association studies (G-score). We evaluated the discriminatory accuracy of the models by calculating area under the receiver operating characteristic curve values, adjusting for study, age, and endoscopy history for the validation set. We used the models to project the 10-year absolute risk of CRC for a given risk profile and recommend ages to begin screening in comparison to CRC risk for an average individual at 50 years of age, using external population incidence rates for non-Hispanic whites from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program registry. RESULTS In our models, E-score and G-score each determined risk of CRC with greater accuracy than family history. A model that combined both scores and family history estimated CRC risk with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve value of 0.63 (95% confidence interval, 0.62-0.64) for men and 0.62 (95% confidence interval, 0.61-0.63) for women; area under the receiver operating characteristic curve values based on only family history ranged from 0.53 to 0.54 and those based only E-score or G-score ranged from 0.59 to 0.60. Although screening is recommended to begin at age 50 years for individuals with no family history of CRC, starting ages calculated based on combined E-score and G-score differed by 12 years for men and 14 for women, for individuals with the highest vs the lowest 10% of risk. CONCLUSIONS We used data from 2 large international consortia to develop CRC risk calculation models that included genetic and environmental factors along with family history. These determine risk of CRC and starting ages for screening with greater accuracy than the family history only model, which is based on the current screening guideline. These scoring systems might serve as a first step toward developing individualized CRC prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihyoun Jeon
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
| | - Mengmeng Du
- Memorial Sloan Kettering, New York, New York
| | - Robert E Schoen
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael Hoffmeister
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center and National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg, Germany; German Cancer Consortium, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Polly A Newcomb
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Sonja I Berndt
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Bette Caan
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program, Oakland, California
| | - Peter T Campbell
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Andrew T Chan
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center and National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg, Germany; German Cancer Consortium, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Graham G Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology and Intelligence Division, Cancer Council Victoria, and Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Global and Population Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jian Gong
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Tabitha A Harrison
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Jeroen R Huyghe
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Eric J Jacobs
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Li Li
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Yi Lin
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Loïc Le Marchand
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - John D Potter
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Conghui Qu
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Stephanie A Bien
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Niha Zubair
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Robert J Macinnis
- Cancer Epidemiology and Intelligence Division, Cancer Council Victoria, and Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Global and Population Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Daniel D Buchanan
- Colorectal Oncogenomics Group, Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Genetic Medicine and Family Cancer Clinic, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - John L Hopper
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yin Cao
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Reiko Nishihara
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Martha L Slattery
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Duncan C Thomas
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Michael O Woods
- Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John's, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Ross L Prentice
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Stephen B Gruber
- USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Yingye Zheng
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center and National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg, Germany; German Cancer Consortium, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Richard B Hayes
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Emily White
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Ulrike Peters
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington.
| | - Li Hsu
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington.
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Fernandez-Rozadilla C, Kartsonaki C, Woolley C, McClellan M, Whittington D, Horgan G, Leedham S, Kriaucionis S, East J, Tomlinson I. Telomere length and genetics are independent colorectal tumour risk factors in an evaluation of biomarkers in normal bowel. Br J Cancer 2018; 118:727-732. [PMID: 29438375 PMCID: PMC5846076 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2017.486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) screening might be improved by using a measure of prior risk to modulate screening intensity or the faecal immunochemical test threshold. Intermediate molecular biomarkers could aid risk prediction by capturing both known and unknown risk factors. METHODS We sampled normal bowel mucosa from the proximal colon, distal colon and rectum of 317 individuals undergoing colonoscopy. We defined cases as having a personal history of colorectal polyp(s)/cancer, and controls as having no history of colorectal neoplasia. Molecular analyses were performed for: telomere length (TL); global methylation; and the expression of genes in molecular pathways associated with colorectal tumourigenesis. We also calculated a polygenic risk score (PRS) based on CRC susceptibility polymorphisms. RESULTS Bowel TL was significantly longer in cases than controls, but was not associated with blood TL. PRS was significantly and independently higher in cases. Hypermethylation showed a suggestive association with case:control status. No gene or pathway was differentially expressed between cases and controls. Gene expression often varied considerably between bowel locations. CONCLUSIONS PRS and bowel TL (but not blood TL) may be clinically-useful predictors of CRC risk. Sample collection to assess these biomarkers is feasible in clinical practice, especially where population screening uses flexible sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christiana Kartsonaki
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, Old Road Campus, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Connor Woolley
- Molecular and Population Genetics Laboratory University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Michael McClellan
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Deb Whittington
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Experimental Medicine Division, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Gareth Horgan
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Experimental Medicine Division, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Simon Leedham
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Experimental Medicine Division, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
- Gastrointestinal Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Oxford Centre for Cancer Gene Research and
| | - Skirmantas Kriaucionis
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - James East
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Ian Tomlinson
- Molecular and Population Genetics Laboratory University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Vincent Drive, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
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46
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Integrative expression quantitative trait locus-based analysis of colorectal cancer identified a functional polymorphism regulating SLC22A5 expression. Eur J Cancer 2018; 93:1-9. [PMID: 29428571 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2018.01.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Multiple single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been found to be highly correlated with colorectal cancer (CRC) risk. However, the variants identified thus far only explain a small part of the cases, suggesting the existence of many uncharacterised genetic determinants. In this study, using the multilevel 'omics' data provided in The Cancer Genome Atlas, we systematically performed expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) analysis for CRC and identified nine SNPs with significant effects on mRNA expression (correlation |r| > 0.3 and FDR < 0.01). Then we conducted a two-stage case-control study consisting of 1528 cases and 1528 controls to examine the associations between candidate SNPs and CRC risk. We found that rs27437 in SLC22A5 was significantly correlated with CRC risk in both stages and the combined study (additive model, OR = 1.31, 95%CI = 1.17-1.47, P = 1.97 × 10-6). eQTL analysis showed that rs27437 GG and GA genotypes were associated with lower expression of SLC22A5 compared with the AA genotype. Dual-luciferase reporter assays confirmed that the G risk allele could decrease the expression of luciferase. SLC22A5 was significantly decreased in CRC tumour tissues compared with adjacent normal tissues, indicating that SLC22A5 may play important roles in CRC, and rs27437 in SLC22A5 might serve as a novel biomarker for early detection and prevention of CRC.
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47
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Weigl K, Chang-Claude J, Knebel P, Hsu L, Hoffmeister M, Brenner H. Strongly enhanced colorectal cancer risk stratification by combining family history and genetic risk score. Clin Epidemiol 2018; 10:143-152. [PMID: 29403313 PMCID: PMC5783152 DOI: 10.2147/clep.s145636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aim Family history (FH) and genetic risk scores (GRSs) are increasingly used for risk stratification for colorectal cancer (CRC) screening. However, they were mostly considered alternatively rather than jointly. The aim of this study was to assess the potential of individual and joint risk stratification for CRC by FH and GRS. Patients and methods A GRS was built based on the number of risk alleles in 53 previously identified single-nucleotide polymorphisms among 2,363 patients with a first diagnosis of CRC and 2,198 controls in DACHS [colorectal cancer: chances for prevention through screening], a population-based case-control study in Germany. Associations between GRS and FH with CRC risk were quantified by multiple logistic regression. Results A total of 316 cases (13.4%) and 214 controls (9.7%) had a first-degree relative (FDR) with CRC (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.86, 95% CI 1.52–2.29). A GRS in the highest decile was associated with a 3.0-fold increased risk of CRC (aOR 3.00, 95% CI 2.24–4.02) compared with the lowest decile. This association was tentatively more pronounced in older age groups. FH and GRS were essentially unrelated, and their joint consideration provided more accurate risk stratification than risk stratification based on each of the variables individually. For example, risk was 6.1-fold increased in the presence of both FH in a FDR and a GRS in the highest decile (aOR 6.14, 95% CI 3.47–10.84) compared to persons without FH and a GRS in the lowest decile. Conclusion Both FH and the so far identified genetic variants carry essentially independent risk information and in combination provide great potential for CRC risk stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Korbinian Weigl
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- Unit of Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg.,University Cancer Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg
| | - Phillip Knebel
- Department for General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Li Hsu
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Michael Hoffmeister
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg.,Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
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48
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Ke J, Lou J, Chen X, Li J, Liu C, Gong Y, Yang Y, Zhu Y, Zhang Y, Tian J, Chang J, Zhong R, Gong J, Miao X. Identification of a functional variant for colorectal cancer risk mapping to chromosome 5q31.1. Oncotarget 2018; 7:35199-207. [PMID: 27177089 PMCID: PMC5085221 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have established chromosome 5q31.1 as a risk locus for colorectal cancer (CRC). We previously identified a potentially regulatory single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs17716310 within 5q31.1. Now, we extended our study with another independent Chinese population, functional assays and analyses of TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) data. Significant associations between rs17716310 and CRC risk were found in Present Study including 1075 CRC cases and 1999 controls (additive model: OR = 1.149, 95% CI = 1.027–1.286, P = 0.016), and in Combined Study including 1766 cases and 2708 controls (additive model: OR = 1.145, 95% CI = 1.045–1.254, P = 0.004). Dual luciferase reporter gene assays indicated that the variant C allele obviously increased transcriptional activity. Using TCGA datasets, we indicated rs17716310 as a cis expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) for the gene SMAD5, whose expression was significantly higher in CRC tissues. These findings suggested that the functional polymorphism rs17716310 A > C might be a genetic modifier for CRC, promoting the expression of SMAD5 that belonged to the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juntao Ke
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), MOE (Ministry of Education) Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan) and School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiao Lou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), MOE (Ministry of Education) Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan) and School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xueqin Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), MOE (Ministry of Education) Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan) and School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiaoyuan Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), MOE (Ministry of Education) Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan) and School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Cheng Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), MOE (Ministry of Education) Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan) and School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yajie Gong
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), MOE (Ministry of Education) Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan) and School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), MOE (Ministry of Education) Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan) and School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), MOE (Ministry of Education) Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan) and School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), MOE (Ministry of Education) Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan) and School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianbo Tian
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), MOE (Ministry of Education) Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan) and School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiang Chang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Rong Zhong
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), MOE (Ministry of Education) Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan) and School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Gong
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), MOE (Ministry of Education) Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan) and School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoping Miao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), MOE (Ministry of Education) Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan) and School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Abstract
Tumorigenesis begins long before the growth of a clinically detectable lesion and, indeed, even before any of the usual morphological correlates of pre-malignancy are recognizable. Field cancerization, which is the replacement of the normal cell population by a cancer-primed cell population that may show no morphological change, is now recognized to underlie the development of many types of cancer, including the common carcinomas of the lung, colon, skin, prostate and bladder. Field cancerization is the consequence of the evolution of somatic cells in the body that results in cells that carry some but not all phenotypes required for malignancy. Here, we review the evidence of field cancerization across organs and examine the biological mechanisms that drive the evolutionary process that results in field creation. We discuss the clinical implications, principally, how measurements of the cancerized field could improve cancer risk prediction in patients with pre-malignant disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kit Curtius
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, EC1M 6BQ London, UK
| | - Nicholas A Wright
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, EC1M 6BQ London, UK
| | - Trevor A Graham
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, EC1M 6BQ London, UK
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50
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Song N, Shin A, Jung HS, Oh JH, Kim J. Effects of interactions between common genetic variants and smoking on colorectal cancer. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:869. [PMID: 29258461 PMCID: PMC5737484 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3886-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified variants in approximately 40 susceptibility loci for colorectal cancer (CRC), there are few studies on the interactions between identified single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and lifestyle risk factors. We evaluated whether smoking could modify associations between these genetic variants and CRC risk. Methods A total of 703 CRC patients and 1406 healthy controls were included in this case-control study from the National Cancer Center in Korea. Thirty CRC susceptibility SNPs identified in previous GWAS were genotyped. A logistic regression model was used to examine associations between the SNPs and smoking behaviors by sex. The interaction was estimated by including an additional interaction term in the model. Results In men, an increased CRC risk was observed for longer durations (OR>28 vs. ≤28years = 1.49 (95% CI = 1.11–1.98)), greater quantities (OR≥20 vs. <20cigarettes/day = 2.12 (1.61–2.79)), and longer pack-years of smoking (OR≥21 vs. <21pack-years = 1.78 (1.35–2.35)). In women, longer pack-years of smoking significantly increased CRC risk (OR≥5 vs. <5pack-years = 6.11 (1.10–34.00)). Moreover, there were significant interactions between smoking status and the polymorphisms rs1957636 at 14q22.3 (Pinteraction = 5.5 × 10−4) and rs4813802 at 20p12.3 (Pinteraction = 0.04) in men. Interactions between smoking status and the rs6687758 at 1q41 (Pinteraction = 0.03), duration and the rs174537 at 11q12.2 (Pinteraction = 0.05), and pack-years and the rs4813802 (Pinteraction = 0.04) were also found in women. Conclusions Associations between susceptibility SNPs and CRC risk may be modified by smoking behaviors, supporting the existence of gene-smoking interactions. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-017-3886-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Song
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Aesun Shin
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea. .,Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea. .,Molecular Epidemiology Branch, National Cancer Center, Goyang, South Korea.
| | - Hye Soo Jung
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae Hwan Oh
- Center for Colorectal Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Jeongseon Kim
- Molecular Epidemiology Branch, National Cancer Center, Goyang, South Korea. .,Molecular Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-ro, Insandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 10408, South Korea.
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