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Jędrychowska J, Vardanyan V, Wieczor M, Marciniak A, Czub J, Amini R, Jain R, Shen H, Choi H, Kuznicki J, Korzh V. Mutant analysis of Kcng4b reveals how the different functional states of the voltage-gated potassium channel regulate ear development. Dev Biol 2024; 513:50-62. [PMID: 38492873 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2024.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
The voltage gated (Kv) slow-inactivating delayed rectifier channel regulates the development of hollow organs of the zebrafish. The functional channel consists of the tetramer of electrically active Kcnb1 (Kv2.1) subunits and Kcng4b (Kv6.4) modulatory or electrically silent subunits. The two mutations in zebrafish kcng4b gene - kcng4b-C1 and kcng4b-C2 (Gasanov et al., 2021) - have been studied during ear development using electrophysiology, developmental biology and in silico structural modelling. kcng4b-C1 mutation causes a C-terminal truncation characterized by mild Kcng4b loss-of-function (LOF) manifested by failure of kinocilia to extend and formation of ectopic otoliths. In contrast, the kcng4b-C2-/- mutation causes the C-terminal domain to elongate and the ectopic seventh transmembrane (TM) domain to form, converting the intracellular C-terminus to an extracellular one. Kcng4b-C2 acts as a Kcng4b gain-of-function (GOF) allele. Otoliths fail to develop and kinocilia are reduced in kcng4b-C2-/-. These results show that different mutations of the silent subunit Kcng4 can affect the activity of the Kv channel and cause a wide range of developmental defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Jędrychowska
- International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology in Warsaw, Poland; Department of Genetics, Institute of Physiology and Pathology of Hearing, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Vitya Vardanyan
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Armenian Academy of Sciences, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Milosz Wieczor
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Antoni Marciniak
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Jacek Czub
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Razieh Amini
- International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology in Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ruchi Jain
- International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology in Warsaw, Poland
| | - Hongyuan Shen
- Singapore Nuclear Research and Safety Initiative, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hyungwon Choi
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Health Sciences, Singapore; Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jacek Kuznicki
- International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology in Warsaw, Poland
| | - Vladimir Korzh
- International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology in Warsaw, Poland.
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2
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Leonard J, Wei X, Browning J, Gudenschwager-Basso EK, Li J, Harris EA, Olsen ML, Theus MH. Transcriptomic alterations in cortical astrocytes following the development of post-traumatic epilepsy. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8367. [PMID: 38600221 PMCID: PMC11006850 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58904-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE) stands as one of the numerous debilitating consequences that follow traumatic brain injury (TBI). Despite its impact on many individuals, the current landscape offers only a limited array of reliable treatment options, and our understanding of the underlying mechanisms and susceptibility factors remains incomplete. Among the potential contributors to epileptogenesis, astrocytes, a type of glial cell, have garnered substantial attention as they are believed to promote hyperexcitability and the development of seizures in the brain following TBI. The current study evaluated the transcriptomic changes in cortical astrocytes derived from animals that developed seizures as a result of severe focal TBI. Using RNA-Seq and ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA), we unveil a distinct gene expression profile in astrocytes, including alterations in genes supporting inflammation, early response modifiers, and neuropeptide-amidating enzymes. The findings underscore the complex molecular dynamics in astrocytes during PTE development, offering insights into therapeutic targets and avenues for further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Leonard
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Virginia Tech, 970 Washington Street SW, Life Sciences I; Rm 249 (MC0910), Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Xiaoran Wei
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Jack Browning
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Erwin Kristobal Gudenschwager-Basso
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Virginia Tech, 970 Washington Street SW, Life Sciences I; Rm 249 (MC0910), Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Jiangtao Li
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Harris
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Virginia Tech, 970 Washington Street SW, Life Sciences I; Rm 249 (MC0910), Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Michelle L Olsen
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Michelle H Theus
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Virginia Tech, 970 Washington Street SW, Life Sciences I; Rm 249 (MC0910), Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.
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3
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Mehmood A, Shah S, Guo RY, Haider A, Shi M, Ali H, Ali I, Ullah R, Li B. Methyl-CpG-Binding Protein 2 Emerges as a Central Player in Multiple Sclerosis and Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023; 43:4071-4101. [PMID: 37955798 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-023-01432-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
MECP2 and its product methyl-CpG binding protein 2 (MeCP2) are associated with multiple sclerosis (MS) and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD), which are inflammatory, autoimmune, and demyelinating disorders of the central nervous system (CNS). However, the mechanisms and pathways regulated by MeCP2 in immune activation in favor of MS and NMOSD are not fully understood. We summarize findings that use the binding properties of MeCP2 to identify its targets, particularly the genes recognized by MeCP2 and associated with several neurological disorders. MeCP2 regulates gene expression in neurons, immune cells and during development by modulating various mechanisms and pathways. Dysregulation of the MeCP2 signaling pathway has been associated with several disorders, including neurological and autoimmune diseases. A thorough understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying MeCP2 function can provide new therapeutic strategies for these conditions. The nervous system is the primary system affected in MeCP2-associated disorders, and other systems may also contribute to MeCP2 action through its target genes. MeCP2 signaling pathways provide promise as potential therapeutic targets in progressive MS and NMOSD. MeCP2 not only increases susceptibility and induces anti-inflammatory responses in immune sites but also leads to a chronic increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines gene expression (IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-1β) and downregulates the genes involved in immune regulation (IL-10, FoxP3, and CX3CR1). MeCP2 may modulate similar mechanisms in different pathologies and suggest that treatments for MS and NMOSD disorders may be effective in treating related disorders. MeCP2 regulates gene expression in MS and NMOSD. However, dysregulation of the MeCP2 signaling pathway is implicated in these disorders. MeCP2 plays a role as a therapeutic target for MS and NMOSD and provides pathways and mechanisms that are modulated by MeCP2 in the regulation of gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arshad Mehmood
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Neurology of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Suleman Shah
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ruo-Yi Guo
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Neurology of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Arsalan Haider
- Key Lab of Health Psychology, Institute of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mengya Shi
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Neurology of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Hamid Ali
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Park Road Tarlai Kalan, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Ijaz Ali
- Centre for Applied Mathematics and Bioinformatics, Gulf University for Science and Technology, Hawally, 32093, Kuwait
| | - Riaz Ullah
- Medicinal Aromatic and Poisonous Plants Research Center, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Neurology of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, People's Republic of China.
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4
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Zanoni P, Steindl K, Sticht H, Oneda B, Joset P, Ivanovski I, Horn AHC, Cabello EM, Laube J, Zweier M, Baumer A, Rauch A, Khan N. The genetic landscape and clinical implication of pediatric Moyamoya angiopathy in an international cohort. Eur J Hum Genet 2023; 31:784-792. [PMID: 37012328 PMCID: PMC10325976 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-023-01320-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pediatric Moyamoya Angiopathy (MMA) is a progressive intracranial occlusive arteriopathy that represents a leading cause of transient ischemic attacks and strokes in childhood. Despite this, up to now no large, exclusively pediatric MMA cohort has been subjected to systematic genetic investigation. In this study, we performed molecular karyotyping, exome sequencing and automated structural assessment of missense variants on a series of 88 pediatric MMA patients and correlated genetic, angiographic and clinical (stroke burden) findings. The two largest subgroups in our cohort consisted of RNF213 and neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) patients. While deleterious RNF213 variants were associated with a severe MMA clinical course with early symptom onset, frequent posterior cerebral artery involvement and higher stroke rates in multiple territories, NF1 patients had a similar infarct burden compared to non-NF1 individuals and were often diagnosed incidentally during routine MRIs. Additionally, we found that MMA-associated RNF213 variants have lower predicted functional impact compared to those associated with aortic disease. We also raise the question of MMA as a feature of recurrent as well as rare chromosomal imbalances and further support the possible association of MMA with STAT3 deficiency. In conclusion, we provide a comprehensive characterization at the genetic and clinical level of a large exclusively pediatric MMA population. Due to the clinical differences found across genetic subgroups, we propose genetic testing for risk stratification as part of the routine assessment of pediatric MMA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Zanoni
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zürich, Schlieren-Zurich, 8952, Switzerland.
| | - Katharina Steindl
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zürich, Schlieren-Zurich, 8952, Switzerland
| | - Heinrich Sticht
- Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, 91054, Germany
| | - Beatrice Oneda
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zürich, Schlieren-Zurich, 8952, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Joset
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zürich, Schlieren-Zurich, 8952, Switzerland
| | - Ivan Ivanovski
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zürich, Schlieren-Zurich, 8952, Switzerland
| | - Anselm H C Horn
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zürich, Schlieren-Zurich, 8952, Switzerland
- Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, 91054, Germany
| | - Elena M Cabello
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zürich, Schlieren-Zurich, 8952, Switzerland
| | - Julia Laube
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zürich, Schlieren-Zurich, 8952, Switzerland
| | - Markus Zweier
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zürich, Schlieren-Zurich, 8952, Switzerland
| | - Alessandra Baumer
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zürich, Schlieren-Zurich, 8952, Switzerland
| | - Anita Rauch
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zürich, Schlieren-Zurich, 8952, Switzerland.
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, 8000, Switzerland.
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8000, Switzerland.
- Moyamoya Center, University Children's Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, 8032, Switzerland.
| | - Nadia Khan
- Moyamoya Center, University Children's Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, 8032, Switzerland.
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Kuk SK, Lee JI, Kim K. Prognostic Genomic Markers of Pathological Stage in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Head Neck Pathol 2023; 17:409-421. [PMID: 36586077 PMCID: PMC10293537 DOI: 10.1007/s12105-022-01516-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To identify the prognostic markers of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), the genetic heterogeneity of the pathological stages was investigated. METHODS The data of 295 patients with primary OSCC obtained from the Cancer Genome Atlas were studied. The genetic prognostic landscape of the pathological stages was systematically analyzed by Cox regressions, Fisher's exact tests, and Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment. RESULTS Stage 4 patients had a poor prognosis in univariate and multivariate Cox models. Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) pathway alterations were found more frequently in stage 4, whereas alterations in cell cycle pathways were significant in stages 1, 2, and 3. The differentially mutated genes were divided into three groups: risk genes of high stage, hazardless genes, and risk genes of low stage. The risk genes of low stage (RNF112, AKR7L, ZSCAN5C, and ZPBP) were independent prognostic factors with stage 4 and treatment modality in multivariate Cox regressions. Additionally, in genetic interaction analysis, NOMO1 and ZNF333 had a high co-occurrence in high stage, and WIZ had high co-occurrence in low stage. In GO enrichment, the prognostic genes were clustered at the functional term of RNA polymerase II transcription, and ZNF333 had an association with RNA transcription. CONCLUSION The genetic mutation type and ratio of tumor heterogeneity are different for each stage of OSCC, and stratification of OSCC patients with differential therapeutic efficacy is needed. Risk genes of both high and low stages must be identified in patients diagnosed with low-stage OSCC. Mutations in NOMO1, ZNF333, and WIZ should be considered as potential prognostic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Kyung Kuk
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Il Lee
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kitae Kim
- Department of Molecular Genetics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, 1, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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6
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Zhang W, Chen Y, Pei H. C1q and central nervous system disorders. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1145649. [PMID: 37033981 PMCID: PMC10076750 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1145649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
C1q is a crucial component of the complement system, which is activated through the classical pathway to perform non-specific immune functions, serving as the first line of defense against pathogens. C1q can also bind to specific receptors to carry out immune and other functions, playing a vital role in maintaining immune homeostasis and normal physiological functions. In the developing central nervous system (CNS), C1q functions in synapse formation and pruning, serving as a key player in the development and homeostasis of neuronal networks in the CNS. C1q has a close relationship with microglia and astrocytes, and under their influence, C1q may contribute to the development of CNS disorders. Furthermore, C1q can also have independent effects on neurological disorders, producing either beneficial or detrimental outcomes. Most of the evidence for these functions comes from animal models, with some also from human specimen studies. C1q is now emerging as a promising target for the treatment of a variety of diseases, and clinical trials are already underway for CNS disorders. This article highlights the role of C1q in CNS diseases, offering new directions for the diagnosis and treatment of these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Zhang
- Department of Emergency Intensive Care Unit, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of General Practice, Xingyang Sishui Central Health Center, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuan Chen
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hui Pei
- Department of Emergency Intensive Care Unit, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Hui Pei,
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7
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Weng A, Rabin EE, Flozak AS, Chiarella SE, Aillon RP, Gottardi CJ. Alpha-T-catenin is expressed in peripheral nerves as a constituent of Schwann cell adherens junctions. Biol Open 2022; 11:bio059634. [PMID: 36420826 PMCID: PMC9793867 DOI: 10.1242/bio.059634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The adherens junction component, alpha-T-catenin (αTcat) is an established contributor to cardiomyocyte junction structure and function, but recent genomic studies link CTNNA3 polymorphisms to diseases with no clear cardiac underpinning, including asthma, autism and multiple sclerosis, suggesting causal contributions from a different cell-type. We show Ctnna3 mRNA is highly expressed in peripheral nerves (e.g. vagus and sciatic), where αTcat protein enriches at paranodes and myelin incisure adherens junctions of Schwann cells. We validate αTcat immunodetection specificity using a new Ctnna3-knock-out fluorescence reporter mouse line yet find no obvious Schwann cell loss-of-function morphology at the light microscopic level. CTNNA3/Ctnna3 mRNA is also abundantly detected in oligodendrocytes of the central nervous system via public databases, supporting a general role for αTcat in these unique cell-cell junctions. These data suggest that the wide range of diseases linked to CTNNA3 may be through its role in maintaining neuroglial functions of central and peripheral nervous systems. This article has a corresponding First Person interview with the co-first authors of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthea Weng
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Erik E. Rabin
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Annette S. Flozak
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Sergio E. Chiarella
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
| | - Raul Piseaux Aillon
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Cara J. Gottardi
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Cell & Developmental Biology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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8
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Investigating the role of common and rare variants in multiplex multiple sclerosis families reveals an increased burden of common risk variation. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16984. [PMID: 36216875 PMCID: PMC9550807 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21484-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Many multiple sclerosis (MS)-associated common risk variants as well as candidate low-frequency and rare variants have been identified; however, approximately half of MS heritability remains unexplained. We studied seven multiplex MS families, six of which with parental consanguinity, to identify genetic factors that increase MS risk. Candidate genomic regions were identified through linkage analysis and homozygosity mapping, and fully penetrant, rare, and low-frequency variants were detected by exome sequencing. Weighted sum score and polygenic risk score (PRS) analyses were conducted in MS families (24 affected, 17 unaffected), 23 sporadic MS cases, 63 individuals in 19 non-MS control families, and 1272 independent, ancestry-matched controls. We found that familial MS cases had a significantly higher common risk variation burden compared with population controls and control families. Sporadic MS cases tended to have a higher PRS compared with familial MS cases, suggesting the presence of a higher rare risk variation burden in the families. In line with this, score distributions among affected and unaffected family members within individual families showed that known susceptibility alleles can explain disease development in some high-risk multiplex families, while in others, additional genetic contributors increase MS risk.
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9
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Chang KJ, Wu HY, Yarmishyn AA, Li CY, Hsiao YJ, Chi YC, Lo TC, Dai HJ, Yang YC, Liu DH, Hwang DK, Chen SJ, Hsu CC, Kao CL. Genetics behind Cerebral Disease with Ocular Comorbidity: Finding Parallels between the Brain and Eye Molecular Pathology. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179707. [PMID: 36077104 PMCID: PMC9456058 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral visual impairments (CVIs) is an umbrella term that categorizes miscellaneous visual defects with parallel genetic brain disorders. While the manifestations of CVIs are diverse and ambiguous, molecular diagnostics stand out as a powerful approach for understanding pathomechanisms in CVIs. Nevertheless, the characterization of CVI disease cohorts has been fragmented and lacks integration. By revisiting the genome-wide and phenome-wide association studies (GWAS and PheWAS), we clustered a handful of renowned CVIs into five ontology groups, namely ciliopathies (Joubert syndrome, Bardet–Biedl syndrome, Alstrom syndrome), demyelination diseases (multiple sclerosis, Alexander disease, Pelizaeus–Merzbacher disease), transcriptional deregulation diseases (Mowat–Wilson disease, Pitt–Hopkins disease, Rett syndrome, Cockayne syndrome, X-linked alpha-thalassaemia mental retardation), compromised peroxisome disorders (Zellweger spectrum disorder, Refsum disease), and channelopathies (neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder), and reviewed several mutation hotspots currently found to be associated with the CVIs. Moreover, we discussed the common manifestations in the brain and the eye, and collated animal study findings to discuss plausible gene editing strategies for future CVI correction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kao-Jung Chang
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yu Wu
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
| | | | - Cheng-Yi Li
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jer Hsiao
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chun Chi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Chen Lo
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
| | - He-Jhen Dai
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chiang Yang
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
| | - Ding-Hao Liu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
| | - De-Kuang Hwang
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Jen Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chien Hsu
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-C.H.); (C.-L.K.); Tel.: +886-2-287-573-25 (C.-C.H.); +886-2-287-573-63 (C.-L.K.)
| | - Chung-Lan Kao
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
- Center for Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-Devices (IDS2B), National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300093, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-C.H.); (C.-L.K.); Tel.: +886-2-287-573-25 (C.-C.H.); +886-2-287-573-63 (C.-L.K.)
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10
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Mattana M, Tomasello R, Cammarata C, Di Carlo P, Fasciana T, Giordano G, Lucchesi A, Siragusa S, Napolitano M. Clostridium difficile Induced Inflammasome Activation and Coagulation Derangements. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10081624. [PMID: 36014040 PMCID: PMC9416296 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10081624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
C. difficile enterocolitis (CDAC) is the most common hospital infection, burdened by an increased incidence of coagulation-related complications such as deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) as well as a significant sepsis-related mortality. In this review, we analyzed the available data concerning the correlation between coagulation complications related to C. difficile infection (CDI) and inflammasome activation, in particular the pyrin-dependent one. The little but solid available preclinical and clinical evidence shows that inflammasome activation increases the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). As proof of this, it has been observed that in vitro inhibition of the molecules (e.g., tissue factor) mainly involved in coagulation activation could block the process. In vivo studies show that it could be possible to reduce the incidence of complications associated with C. difficile infection (CDI) and mortality due to a state of hypercoagulability. A personalized therapeutic approach to reduce the inflammatory activity and prevent thromboembolic complications could be preliminarily defined to reduce mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Mattana
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (ProMISE), University of Palermo, 90141 Palermo, Italy
| | - Riccardo Tomasello
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (ProMISE), University of Palermo, 90141 Palermo, Italy
| | - Claudia Cammarata
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (ProMISE), University of Palermo, 90141 Palermo, Italy
| | - Paola Di Carlo
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (ProMISE), University of Palermo, 90141 Palermo, Italy
| | - Teresa Fasciana
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (ProMISE), University of Palermo, 90141 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giulio Giordano
- Division of Internal Medicine, Hematology Service, Regional Hospital “A. Cardarelli”, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
| | - Alessandro Lucchesi
- Hematology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy
| | - Sergio Siragusa
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (ProMISE), University of Palermo, 90141 Palermo, Italy
| | - Mariasanta Napolitano
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (ProMISE), University of Palermo, 90141 Palermo, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0916554519; Fax: +39-0916554500
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11
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Lee EJ, Napier RJ, Vance EE, Lashley SJ, Truax AD, Ting JP, Rosenzweig HL. The innate immune receptor Nlrp12 suppresses autoimmunity to the retina. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:69. [PMID: 35313917 PMCID: PMC8939070 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02425-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nod-like receptors (NLRs) are critical to innate immune activation and induction of adaptive T cell responses. Yet, their role in autoinflammatory diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) remains incompletely defined. The NLR, Nlrp12, has been reported to both inhibit and promote neuroinflammation in an animal model of multiple sclerosis (experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, EAE), where its T cell-specific role has been investigated. Uveitis resulting from autoimmunity of the neuroretina, an extension of the CNS, involves a breach in immune privilege and entry of T cells into the eye. Here, we examined the contribution of Nlrp12 in a T cell-mediated model of uveitis, experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU). Methods Mice were immunized with interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein peptide 1–20 (IRBP1–20) emulsified in Complete Freund’s adjuvant, CFA. Uveitis was evaluated by clinical and histopathological scoring, and comparisons were made in WT vs. Nlrp12−/− mice, lymphopenic Rag1−/− mice reconstituted with WT vs. Nlrp12−/− CD4+ T cells, or among bone marrow (BM) chimeric mice. Antigen-specific Th-effector responses were evaluated by ELISA and intracellular cytokine staining. Cellular composition of uveitic eyes from WT or Nlrp12−/− mice was compared using flow cytometry. Expression of Nlrp12 and of cytokines/chemokines within the neuroretina was evaluated by immunoblotting and quantitative PCR. Results Nlrp12−/− mice developed exacerbated uveitis characterized by extensive vasculitis, chorioretinal infiltrates and photoreceptor damage. Nlrp12 was dispensable for T cell priming and differentiation of peripheral Th1 or Th17 cells, and uveitis in immunodeficient mice reconstituted with either Nlrp12−/− or WT T cells was similar. Collectively, this ruled out T cells as the source of Nlrp12-mediated protection to EAU. Uveitic Nlrp12−/− eyes had more pronounced myeloid cell accumulation than uveitic WT eyes. Transplantation of Nlrp12−/− BM resulted in increased susceptibility to EAU regardless of host genotype, but interestingly, a non-hematopoietic origin for Nlrp12 function was also observed. Indeed, Nlrp12 was found to be constitutively expressed in the neuroretina, where it suppressed chemokine/cytokine induction. Conclusions Our data identify a combinatorial role for Nlrp12 in dampening autoimmunity of the neuroretina. These findings could provide a pathway for development of therapies for uveitis and potentially other autoinflammatory/autoimmune diseases of the CNS. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12974-022-02425-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen J Lee
- VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, USA.,Dept. of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Ruth J Napier
- VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, USA.,Dept. of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Emily E Vance
- VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, USA.,Dept. of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | | | - Agnieszka D Truax
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jenny P Ting
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Depts. Genetics and Microbiology-Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Holly L Rosenzweig
- VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, USA. .,Dept. of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA. .,Oregon Health & Science University, VA Portland Health Care System, 3710 SW US Veterans Hospital Rd., Bldg 103, Room E-222, Mail stop: VA R&D-14, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
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12
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Hone L, Giovannoni G, Dobson R, Jacobs BM. Predicting Multiple Sclerosis: Challenges and Opportunities. Front Neurol 2022; 12:761973. [PMID: 35211072 PMCID: PMC8860835 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.761973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Determining effective means of preventing Multiple Sclerosis (MS) relies on testing preventive strategies in trial populations. However, because of the low incidence of MS, demonstrating that a preventive measure has benefit requires either very large trial populations or an enriched population with a higher disease incidence. Risk scores which incorporate genetic and environmental data could be used, in principle, to identify high-risk individuals for enrolment in preventive trials. Here we discuss the concepts of developing predictive scores for identifying individuals at high risk of MS. We discuss the empirical efforts to do so using real cohorts, and some of the challenges-both theoretical and practical-limiting this work. We argue that such scores could offer a means of risk stratification for preventive trial design, but are unlikely to ever constitute a clinically-helpful approach to predicting MS for an individual.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Hone
- Preventive Neurology Unit, Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Barts and Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gavin Giovannoni
- Preventive Neurology Unit, Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Barts and Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom.,Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth Dobson
- Preventive Neurology Unit, Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Barts and Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom.,Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin Meir Jacobs
- Preventive Neurology Unit, Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Barts and Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom.,Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
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13
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Lindahl H, Bryceson YT. Neuroinflammation Associated With Inborn Errors of Immunity. Front Immunol 2022; 12:827815. [PMID: 35126383 PMCID: PMC8807658 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.827815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The advent of high-throughput sequencing has facilitated genotype-phenotype correlations in congenital diseases. This has provided molecular diagnosis and benefited patient management but has also revealed substantial phenotypic heterogeneity. Although distinct neuroinflammatory diseases are scarce among the several thousands of established congenital diseases, elements of neuroinflammation are increasingly recognized in a substantial proportion of inborn errors of immunity, where it may even dominate the clinical picture at initial presentation. Although each disease entity is rare, they collectively can constitute a significant proportion of neuropediatric patients in tertiary care and may occasionally also explain adult neurology patients. We focus this review on the signs and symptoms of neuroinflammation that have been reported in association with established pathogenic variants in immune genes and suggest the following subdivision based on proposed underlying mechanisms: autoinflammatory disorders, tolerance defects, and immunodeficiency disorders. The large group of autoinflammatory disorders is further subdivided into IL-1β-mediated disorders, NF-κB dysregulation, type I interferonopathies, and hemophagocytic syndromes. We delineate emerging pathogenic themes underlying neuroinflammation in monogenic diseases and describe the breadth of the clinical spectrum to support decisions to screen for a genetic diagnosis and encourage further research on a neglected phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Lindahl
- Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yenan T. Bryceson
- Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
- Brogelmann Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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14
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Mascia E, Clarelli F, Zauli A, Guaschino C, Sorosina M, Barizzone N, Basagni C, Santoro S, Ferrè L, Bonfiglio S, Biancolini D, Pozzato M, Guerini FR, Protti A, Liguori M, Moiola L, Vecchio D, Bresolin N, Comi G, Filippi M, Esposito F, D'Alfonso S, Martinelli-Boneschi F. Burden of rare coding variants in an Italian cohort of familial multiple sclerosis. J Neuroimmunol 2022; 362:577760. [PMID: 34922125 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2021.577760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory and neurodegenerative demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. It is a complex and heterogeneous disease caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors, and it can cluster in families. OBJECTIVE to evaluate at gene-level the aggregate contribution of predicted damaging low-frequency and rare variants to MS risk in multiplex families. METHODS We performed whole exome sequencing (WES) in 28 multiplex MS families with at least 3 MS cases (81 affected and 42 unaffected relatives) and 38 unrelated healthy controls. A gene-based burden test was then performed, focusing on two sets of candidate genes: i) literature-driven selection and ii) data-driven selection. RESULTS We identified 11 genes enriched with predicted damaging low-frequency and rare variants in MS compared to healthy individuals. Among them, UBR2 and DST were the two genes with the strongest enrichment (p = 5 × 10-4 and 3 × 10-4, respectively); interestingly enough the association signal in UBR2 is driven by rs62414610, which was present in 25% of analysed families. CONCLUSION Despite limitations, this is one of the first studies evaluating the aggregate contribution of predicted damaging low-frequency and rare variants in MS families using WES data. A replication effort in independent cohorts is warranted to validate our findings and to evaluate the role of identified genes in MS pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Mascia
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Neurological Disorders, Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - F Clarelli
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Neurological Disorders, Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - A Zauli
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Neurological Disorders, Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - C Guaschino
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Neurological Disorders, Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology, Sant'Antonio Abate Hospital, Gallarate, Italy
| | - M Sorosina
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Neurological Disorders, Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - N Barizzone
- Department of Health Sciences, Center on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases (CAAD), UPO, University of Eastern Piedmont, A. Avogadro, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - C Basagni
- Department of Health Sciences, Center on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases (CAAD), UPO, University of Eastern Piedmont, A. Avogadro, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - S Santoro
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Neurological Disorders, Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - L Ferrè
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Neurological Disorders, Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy; Neurology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 48, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - S Bonfiglio
- Center for Omics Sciences, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - D Biancolini
- Center for Omics Sciences, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - M Pozzato
- Neurology Unit and MS Centre, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - F R Guerini
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, ONLUS, Milan, Italy
| | - A Protti
- Ospedale Niguarda, Department of Neurology, Milan, Italy
| | - M Liguori
- National Research Council, Institute of Biomedical Technologies, Bari Unit, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - L Moiola
- Neurology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 48, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - D Vecchio
- SCDU Neurology, AOU Maggiore della Carità, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - N Bresolin
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), Dino Ferrari Centre, Neuroscience Section, University of Milan, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - G Comi
- Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - M Filippi
- Neurology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 48, 20132 Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy; Neuroimaging Research Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 48, 20132 Milan, Italy; Neurophysiology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 48, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - F Esposito
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Neurological Disorders, Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy; Neurology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 48, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - S D'Alfonso
- Department of Health Sciences, Center on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases (CAAD), UPO, University of Eastern Piedmont, A. Avogadro, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - F Martinelli-Boneschi
- Neurology Unit and MS Centre, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy; Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), Dino Ferrari Centre, Neuroscience Section, University of Milan, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy.
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15
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Roy V, Ross JP, Pépin R, Cortez Ghio S, Brodeur A, Touzel Deschênes L, Le-Bel G, Phillips DE, Milot G, Dion PA, Guérin S, Germain L, Berthod F, Auger FA, Rouleau GA, Dupré N, Gros-Louis F. Moyamoya Disease Susceptibility Gene RNF213 Regulates Endothelial Barrier Function. Stroke 2022; 53:1263-1275. [PMID: 34991336 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.120.032691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Variants in the ring finger protein 213 (RNF213) gene are known to be associated with increased predisposition to cerebrovascular diseases development. Genomic studies have identified RNF213 as a major risk factor of Moyamoya disease in East Asian descendants. However, little is known about the RNF213 (ring finger protein 213) biological functions or its associated pathogenic mechanisms underlying Moyamoya disease. METHODS To investigate RNF213 loss-of-function effect in endothelial cell, stable RNF213-deficient human cerebral endothelial cells were generated using the CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing technology. RESULTS In vitro assays, using RNF213 knockout brain endothelial cells, showed clear morphological changes and increased blood-brain barrier permeability. Downregulation and delocalization of essential interendothelial junction proteins involved in the blood-brain barrier maintenance, such as PECAM-1 (platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1), was also observed. Brain endothelial RNF213-deficient cells also showed an abnormal potential to transmigration of leukocytes and secreted high amounts of proinflammatory cytokines. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these results indicate that RNF213 could be a key regulator of cerebral endothelium integrity, whose disruption could be an early pathological mechanism leading to Moyamoya disease. This study also further reinforces the importance of blood-brain barrier integrity in the development of Moyamoya disease and other RNF213-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Roy
- CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Canada (V.R., R.P., S.C.G., A.B., L.T.D., G.L.-B., G.M., S.G., L.G., F.B., F.A.A., N.D., F.G.-L.)
| | - Jay P Ross
- McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada (J.P.R., D.E.P., P.A.D., G.A.R.)
| | - Rémy Pépin
- CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Canada (V.R., R.P., S.C.G., A.B., L.T.D., G.L.-B., G.M., S.G., L.G., F.B., F.A.A., N.D., F.G.-L.)
| | - Sergio Cortez Ghio
- CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Canada (V.R., R.P., S.C.G., A.B., L.T.D., G.L.-B., G.M., S.G., L.G., F.B., F.A.A., N.D., F.G.-L.)
| | - Alyssa Brodeur
- CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Canada (V.R., R.P., S.C.G., A.B., L.T.D., G.L.-B., G.M., S.G., L.G., F.B., F.A.A., N.D., F.G.-L.)
| | - Lydia Touzel Deschênes
- CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Canada (V.R., R.P., S.C.G., A.B., L.T.D., G.L.-B., G.M., S.G., L.G., F.B., F.A.A., N.D., F.G.-L.)
| | - Gaëtan Le-Bel
- CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Canada (V.R., R.P., S.C.G., A.B., L.T.D., G.L.-B., G.M., S.G., L.G., F.B., F.A.A., N.D., F.G.-L.)
| | - Daniel E Phillips
- McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada (J.P.R., D.E.P., P.A.D., G.A.R.)
| | - Geneviève Milot
- CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Canada (V.R., R.P., S.C.G., A.B., L.T.D., G.L.-B., G.M., S.G., L.G., F.B., F.A.A., N.D., F.G.-L.)
| | - Patrick A Dion
- McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada (J.P.R., D.E.P., P.A.D., G.A.R.)
| | - Sylvain Guérin
- CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Canada (V.R., R.P., S.C.G., A.B., L.T.D., G.L.-B., G.M., S.G., L.G., F.B., F.A.A., N.D., F.G.-L.)
| | - Lucie Germain
- CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Canada (V.R., R.P., S.C.G., A.B., L.T.D., G.L.-B., G.M., S.G., L.G., F.B., F.A.A., N.D., F.G.-L.)
| | - François Berthod
- CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Canada (V.R., R.P., S.C.G., A.B., L.T.D., G.L.-B., G.M., S.G., L.G., F.B., F.A.A., N.D., F.G.-L.)
| | - François A Auger
- CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Canada (V.R., R.P., S.C.G., A.B., L.T.D., G.L.-B., G.M., S.G., L.G., F.B., F.A.A., N.D., F.G.-L.)
| | - Guy A Rouleau
- McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada (J.P.R., D.E.P., P.A.D., G.A.R.)
| | - Nicolas Dupré
- CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Canada (V.R., R.P., S.C.G., A.B., L.T.D., G.L.-B., G.M., S.G., L.G., F.B., F.A.A., N.D., F.G.-L.)
| | - François Gros-Louis
- CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Canada (V.R., R.P., S.C.G., A.B., L.T.D., G.L.-B., G.M., S.G., L.G., F.B., F.A.A., N.D., F.G.-L.)
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16
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Gaweda-Walerych K, Sitek EJ, Borczyk M, Berdyński M, Narożańska E, Brockhuis B, Korostyński M, Sławek J, Zekanowski C. Two Rare Variants in PLAU and BACE1 Genes-Do They Contribute to Semantic Dementia Clinical Phenotype? Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12111806. [PMID: 34828412 PMCID: PMC8624613 DOI: 10.3390/genes12111806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We have performed whole-genome sequencing to identify the genetic variants potentially contributing to the early-onset semantic dementia phenotype in a patient with family history of dementia and episodic memory deficit accompanied with profound semantic loss. Only very rare variants of unknown significance (VUS) have been identified: a nonsense variant c.366C>A/p.Cys122* in plasminogen activator, urokinase (PLAU) and a missense variant c.944C>T/p.Thr315Met in β-site APP-cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1)-along with known disease-modifying variants of moderate penetrance. Patient-derived fibroblasts showed reduced PLAU and elevated BACE1 mRNA and protein levels compared to control fibroblasts. Successful rescue of PLAU mRNA levels by nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) inhibitor (puromycin) confirmed NMD as the underlying mechanism. This is the first report of the PLAU variant with the confirmed haploinsufficiency, associated with semantic dementia phenotype. Our results suggest that rare variants in the PLAU and BACE1 genes should be considered in future studies on early-onset dementias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Gaweda-Walerych
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (M.B.); (C.Z.)
- Correspondence: (K.G.-W.); (E.J.S.)
| | - Emilia J. Sitek
- Neurology Department, St. Adalbert Hospital, Copernicus PL, 80-462 Gdansk, Poland; (E.N.); (J.S.)
- Division of Neurological and Psychiatric Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-462 Gdansk, Poland
- Correspondence: (K.G.-W.); (E.J.S.)
| | - Małgorzata Borczyk
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics, Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-343 Krakow, Poland; (M.B.); (M.K.)
| | - Mariusz Berdyński
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (M.B.); (C.Z.)
| | - Ewa Narożańska
- Neurology Department, St. Adalbert Hospital, Copernicus PL, 80-462 Gdansk, Poland; (E.N.); (J.S.)
| | - Bogna Brockhuis
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-214 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Michał Korostyński
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics, Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-343 Krakow, Poland; (M.B.); (M.K.)
| | - Jarosław Sławek
- Neurology Department, St. Adalbert Hospital, Copernicus PL, 80-462 Gdansk, Poland; (E.N.); (J.S.)
- Division of Neurological and Psychiatric Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-462 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Cezary Zekanowski
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (M.B.); (C.Z.)
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17
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Expression and clinical significance of IL7R, NFATc2, and RNF213 in familial and sporadic multiple sclerosis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19260. [PMID: 34584155 PMCID: PMC8478940 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98691-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory and autoimmune disorder of the central nervous system characterized by myelin loss and axonal dysfunction. Increased production of inflammatory factors such as cytokines has been implicated in axon destruction. In the present study, we compared the expression level of IL7R, NFATc2, and RNF213 genes in the peripheral blood of 72 MS patients (37 familial MS, 35 sporadic MS) and 74 healthy controls (34 individuals with a family history of the disease, 40 healthy controls without a family history) via Real-time PCR. Our results showed that the expression level of IL7R was decreased in the sporadic patients in comparison with other groups. Additionally, there was an increased NFATc2 expression level in MS patients versus healthy controls. Increased expression of NFATc2 in sporadic and familial groups compared to the controls, and familial group versus FDR was also seen. Our results also represented an increased expression level of RNF213 in familial patients as compared to the control group. The similar RNF213 expression between sporadic and control group, as well as FDR and familial group was also seen. Diagnostic evaluation was performed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and area under the curve (AUC) calculation. The correlation of clinical parameters including onset age and Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) with our gene expression levels were also assessed. Overall, decreased expression level of IL7R in the sporadic cases and increased expression level of NFATc2 may be associated with the pathogenesis of MS disease. Confirmation of the effects of differential expression of RNF213 gene requires further studies in the wider statistical populations.
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van Rensburg SJ, van Toorn R, Erasmus RT, Hattingh C, Johannes C, Moremi KE, Kemp MC, Engel-Hills P, Kotze MJ. Pathology-supported genetic testing as a method for disability prevention in multiple sclerosis (MS). Part I. Targeting a metabolic model rather than autoimmunity. Metab Brain Dis 2021; 36:1151-1167. [PMID: 33909200 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-021-00711-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In this Review (Part I), we investigate the scientific evidence that multiple sclerosis (MS) is caused by the death of oligodendrocytes, the cells that synthesize myelin, due to a lack of biochemical and nutritional factors involved in mitochondrial energy production in these cells. In MS, damage to the myelin sheaths surrounding nerve axons causes disruption of signal transmission from the brain to peripheral organs, which may lead to disability. However, the extent of disability is not deterred by the use of MS medication, which is based on the autoimmune hypothesis of MS. Rather, disability is associated with the loss of brain volume, which is related to the loss of grey and white matter. A pathology-supported genetic testing (PSGT) method, developed for personalized assessment and treatment to prevent brain volume loss and disability progression in MS is discussed. This involves identification of MS-related pathogenic pathways underpinned by genetic variation and lifestyle risk factors that may converge into biochemical abnormalities associated with adverse expanded disability status scale (EDSS) outcomes and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings during patient follow-up. A Metabolic Model is presented which hypothesizes that disability may be prevented or reversed when oligodendrocytes are protected by nutritional reserve. Evidence for the validity of the Metabolic Model may be evaluated in consecutive test cases following the PSGT method. In Part II of this Review, two cases are presented that describe the PSGT procedures and the clinical outcomes of these individuals diagnosed with MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan J van Rensburg
- Division of Chemical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Ronald van Toorn
- Department of Pediatric Medicine and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Rajiv T Erasmus
- Division of Chemical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS), Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Coenraad Hattingh
- Division of Chemical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Clint Johannes
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Kelebogile E Moremi
- Division of Chemical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS), Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Merlisa C Kemp
- Department of Medical Imaging and Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health and Wellness Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Penelope Engel-Hills
- Faculty of Health and Wellness Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Maritha J Kotze
- Division of Chemical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS), Cape Town, South Africa
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Koptan DMT, Rasheed Bahgat DM, Abdelrasool AA, Allam RSHM, Elgengehy FT, Abdel Baki NM, Medhat BM. Analysis of Nuclear Receptor Coactivator 5 (NCOA5) Messenger RNA Expression and rs2903908 Single Nucleotide Polymorphism of NCOA5 in an Egyptian Cohort with Behçet's Disease: A Single-Center Case-control Study. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2021; 30:1436-1446. [PMID: 34255592 DOI: 10.1080/09273948.2021.1889610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The nuclear receptor coactivator 5 (NCOA5) has been linked to several inflammatory disorders, including Behçet's disease (BD). We evaluated the expression of NCOA5 messenger RNA (mRNA) using real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and analyzed the rs2903908 T > C of NCOA5 using TaqMan allelic discrimination assay in 49 Egyptian BD patients and 50 controls. The NCOA5 mRNA levels were higher in patients compared to controls (p = .02), female patients compared to males (p = .037), and in patients with ocular involvement (p = .049). Non-CC genotype carriers had a higher frequency of articular manifestations compared with CC carriers (p = .047). Genotypes CC + CT were associated with reduced risk of cutaneous involvement (OR = 0.27, p = .04). CC carriers with active BD or cutaneous manifestations displayed significantly lower NCOA5 mRNA expression than TT carriers. Our results demonstrate that NCOA5 is linked to BD clinical findings and activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina M T Koptan
- Faculty of Medicine, Kasr Al Ainy, Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Dina M Rasheed Bahgat
- Faculty of Medicine, Kasr Al Ainy, Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Asmaa A Abdelrasool
- Faculty of Medicine, Kasr Al Ainy, Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Riham S H M Allam
- Faculty of Medicine, Kasr Al Ainy, Department of Ophthalmology, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Fatema T Elgengehy
- Faculty of Medicine, Kasr Al Ainy, Department of Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Noha M Abdel Baki
- Faculty of Medicine, Kasr Al Ainy, Department of Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Basma M Medhat
- Faculty of Medicine, Kasr Al Ainy, Department of Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Cairo University, Egypt
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20
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Zhang HL, Zhao B, Yang P, Du YQ, Han W, Xu J, Yin DM. Steroid Receptor Coactivator 3 Regulates Synaptic Plasticity and Hippocampus-dependent Memory. Neurosci Bull 2021; 37:1645-1657. [PMID: 34228315 PMCID: PMC8643392 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-021-00741-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Steroid hormones play important roles in brain development and function. The signaling of steroid hormones depends on the interaction between steroid receptors and their coactivators. Although the function of steroid receptor coactivators has been extensively studied in other tissues, their functions in the central nervous system are less well investigated. In this study, we addressed the function of steroid receptor coactivator 3 (SRC3) - a member of the p160 SRC protein family that is expressed predominantly in the hippocampus. While hippocampal development was not altered in Src3+/- mice, hippocampus-dependent functions such as short-term memory and spatial memory were impaired. We further demonstrated that the deficient learning and memory in Src3+/- mice was strongly associated with the impairment of long-term potentiation (LTP) at Schaffer Collateral-CA1 synapses. Mechanistic studies indicated that Src3+/- mutation altered the composition of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunits in the postsynaptic densities of hippocampal neurons. Finally, we showed that SRC3 regulated synaptic plasticity and learning mainly dependent on its lysine acetyltransferase activity. Taken together, these results reveal previously unknown functions of SRC3 in the hippocampus and thus may provide insight into how steroid hormones regulate brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Long Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, Ministry of Education and Shanghai, School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Bing Zhao
- MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institute for Translational Brain Research, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Pin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, Ministry of Education and Shanghai, School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Yin-Quan Du
- Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, Ministry of Education and Shanghai, School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Wei Han
- Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, Ministry of Education and Shanghai, School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Jianming Xu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Dong-Min Yin
- Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, Ministry of Education and Shanghai, School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China.
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Exome sequencing reveals novel rare variants in Iranian familial multiple sclerosis: The importance of POLD2 in the disease pathogenesis. Genomics 2021; 113:2645-2655. [PMID: 34116171 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2021.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of familial multiple sclerosis (FMS) is increasing worldwide which endorses the heritability of the disease. Given that many genome variations are ethnicity-specific and consanguineous marriage could affect genetic diseases, hereditary disease gene analysis among FMS patients from Iran, a country with high rates of parental consanguinity, could be highly effective in finding mutations underlying disease pathogenesis. To examine rare genetic mutations, we selected three Iranian FMS cases with ≥3 MS patients in more than one generation and performed whole exome sequencing. We identified a homozygous rare missense variant in POLD2 (p. Arg141Cys; rs372336011). Molecular dynamics analysis showed reduced polar dehydration energy and conformational changes in POLD2 mutant. Further, we found a heterozygote rare missense variant in NBFP1 (p. Gly487Asp; rs778806175). Our study revealed the possible role of novel rare variants in FMS. Molecular dynamic simulation provided the initial evidence of the structural changes behind POLD2 mutant.
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Exome Sequencing Analysis of Familial Cases of Multiple Sclerosis and a Monozygotic Discordant Twin. ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13369-020-05242-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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23
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Potential clinical value of circular RNAs as peripheral biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment of major depressive disorder. EBioMedicine 2021; 66:103337. [PMID: 33862583 PMCID: PMC8054154 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background circular RNAs (circRNAs) are expressed abundantly in the brain and are implicated in the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric disease. However, the potential clinical value of circRNAs in major depressive disorder (MDD) remains unclear. Methods RNA sequencing was conducted in whole-blood samples in a discovery set (7 highly homogeneous MDD patients and 7 matched healthy controls [HCs]). The differential expression of circRNAs was verified in an independent validation set. The interventional study was conducted to assess the potential effect of the antidepressive treatment on the circRNA expression. Findings in the validation set, compared with 52 HCs, significantly decreased circFKBP8 levels (Diff: -0.24; [95% CI -0.39 ~ -0.09]) and significantly elevated circMBNL1 levels (Diff: 0.37; [95% CI 0.09 ~ 0.64]) were observed in 53 MDD patients. The expression of circMBNL1 was negatively correlated with 24-item Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD-24) scores in 53 MDD patients. A mediation model indicated that circMBNL1 affected HAMD-24 scores through a mediator, serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor. In 53 MDD patients, the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations in the right orbital part middle frontal gyrus was positively correlated with circFKBP8 and circMBNL1 expression. Furthermore, the interventional study of 53 MDD patients demonstrated that antidepressive treatment partly increased circFKBP8 expression and the change in expression of circFKBP8 was predictive of further reduced HAMD-24 scores. Interpretation whole-blood circFKBP8 and circMBNL1 may be potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of MDD, respectively, and circFKBP8 may show great potential for the antidepressive treatment.
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24
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Chase Huizar C, Raphael I, Forsthuber TG. Genomic, proteomic, and systems biology approaches in biomarker discovery for multiple sclerosis. Cell Immunol 2020; 358:104219. [PMID: 33039896 PMCID: PMC7927152 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2020.104219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neuroinflammatory disorder characterized by autoimmune-mediated inflammatory lesions in CNS leading to myelin damage and axonal loss. MS is a heterogenous disease with variable and unpredictable disease course. Due to its complex nature, MS is difficult to diagnose and responses to specific treatments may vary between individuals. Therefore, there is an indisputable need for biomarkers for early diagnosis, prediction of disease exacerbations, monitoring the progression of disease, and for measuring responses to therapy. Genomic and proteomic studies have sought to understand the molecular basis of MS and find biomarker candidates. Advances in next-generation sequencing and mass-spectrometry techniques have yielded an unprecedented amount of genomic and proteomic data; yet, translation of the results into the clinic has been underwhelming. This has prompted the development of novel data science techniques for exploring these large datasets to identify biologically relevant relationships and ultimately point towards useful biomarkers. Herein we discuss optimization of omics study designs, advances in the generation of omics data, and systems biology approaches aimed at improving biomarker discovery and translation to the clinic for MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol Chase Huizar
- Department of Biology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Itay Raphael
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, UPMC Children's Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Thomas G Forsthuber
- Department of Biology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
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25
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Ferrè L, Filippi M, Esposito F. Involvement of Genetic Factors in Multiple Sclerosis. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:612953. [PMID: 33335478 PMCID: PMC7735985 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.612953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Ferrè
- Neurology Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Neurorehabilitation Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Neurological Disorders, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Filippi
- Neurology Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Neurorehabilitation Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- Neurophysiology Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Esposito
- Neurology Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Neurorehabilitation Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Neurological Disorders, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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26
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Mozafari S, Starost L, Manot-Saillet B, Garcia-Diaz B, Xu YKT, Roussel D, Levy MJF, Ottoboni L, Kim KP, Schöler HR, Kennedy TE, Antel JP, Martino G, Angulo MC, Kuhlmann T, Baron-Van Evercooren A. Multiple sclerosis iPS-derived oligodendroglia conserve their properties to functionally interact with axons and glia in vivo. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:6/49/eabc6983. [PMID: 33277253 PMCID: PMC7821889 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abc6983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Remyelination failure in multiple sclerosis (MS) is associated with a migration/differentiation block of oligodendroglia. The reason for this block is highly debated. It could result from disease-related extrinsic or intrinsic regulators in oligodendroglial biology. To avoid confounding immune-mediated extrinsic effect, we used an immune-deficient mouse model to compare induced pluripotent stem cell-derived oligodendroglia from MS and healthy donors following engraftment in the developing CNS. We show that the MS-progeny behaves and differentiates into oligodendrocytes to the same extent as controls. They generate equal amounts of myelin, with bona fide nodes of Ranvier, and promote equal restoration of their host slow conduction. MS-progeny expressed oligodendrocyte- and astrocyte-specific connexins and established functional connections with donor and host glia. Thus, MS oligodendroglia, regardless of major immune manipulators, are intrinsically capable of myelination and making functional axo-glia/glia-glia connections, reinforcing the view that the MS oligodendrocyte differentiation block is not from major intrinsic oligodendroglial deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabah Mozafari
- INSERM, U1127, F-75013 Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR 7225, F-75013 Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université UPMC Paris 06, UM-75, F-75005, Paris, France
- ICM-GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Laura Starost
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Blandine Manot-Saillet
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM, Université de Paris, U1266, F-75014 Paris, France
- GHU PARIS Psychiatrie & Neurosciences, Paris, France
| | - Beatriz Garcia-Diaz
- INSERM, U1127, F-75013 Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR 7225, F-75013 Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université UPMC Paris 06, UM-75, F-75005, Paris, France
- ICM-GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Yu Kang T Xu
- McGill Program in Neuroengineering, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Delphine Roussel
- INSERM, U1127, F-75013 Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR 7225, F-75013 Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université UPMC Paris 06, UM-75, F-75005, Paris, France
- ICM-GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Marion J F Levy
- INSERM, U1127, F-75013 Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR 7225, F-75013 Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université UPMC Paris 06, UM-75, F-75005, Paris, France
- ICM-GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Linda Ottoboni
- Institute of Experimental Neurology-DIBIT 2, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital and Vita San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Kee-Pyo Kim
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Hans R Schöler
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Timothy E Kennedy
- McGill Program in Neuroengineering, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Jack P Antel
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gianvito Martino
- Institute of Experimental Neurology-DIBIT 2, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital and Vita San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Cecilia Angulo
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM, Université de Paris, U1266, F-75014 Paris, France
- GHU PARIS Psychiatrie & Neurosciences, Paris, France
| | - Tanja Kuhlmann
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Anne Baron-Van Evercooren
- INSERM, U1127, F-75013 Paris, France.
- CNRS, UMR 7225, F-75013 Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université UPMC Paris 06, UM-75, F-75005, Paris, France
- ICM-GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, F-75013, Paris, France
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Schartz ND, Tenner AJ. The good, the bad, and the opportunities of the complement system in neurodegenerative disease. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:354. [PMID: 33239010 PMCID: PMC7690210 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-02024-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The complement cascade is a critical effector mechanism of the innate immune system that contributes to the rapid clearance of pathogens and dead or dying cells, as well as contributing to the extent and limit of the inflammatory immune response. In addition, some of the early components of this cascade have been clearly shown to play a beneficial role in synapse elimination during the development of the nervous system, although excessive complement-mediated synaptic pruning in the adult or injured brain may be detrimental in multiple neurogenerative disorders. While many of these later studies have been in mouse models, observations consistent with this notion have been reported in human postmortem examination of brain tissue. Increasing awareness of distinct roles of C1q, the initial recognition component of the classical complement pathway, that are independent of the rest of the complement cascade, as well as the relationship with other signaling pathways of inflammation (in the periphery as well as the central nervous system), highlights the need for a thorough understanding of these molecular entities and pathways to facilitate successful therapeutic design, including target identification, disease stage for treatment, and delivery in specific neurologic disorders. Here, we review the evidence for both beneficial and detrimental effects of complement components and activation products in multiple neurodegenerative disorders. Evidence for requisite co-factors for the diverse consequences are reviewed, as well as the recent studies that support the possibility of successful pharmacological approaches to suppress excessive and detrimental complement-mediated chronic inflammation, while preserving beneficial effects of complement components, to slow the progression of neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole D. Schartz
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California Irvine, 3205 McGaugh Hall, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - Andrea J. Tenner
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California Irvine, 3205 McGaugh Hall, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California Irvine, 3205 McGaugh Hall, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Irvine, 3205 McGaugh Hall, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
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28
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Mozafari S, Baron-Van Evercooren A. Human stem cell-derived oligodendrocytes: From humanized animal models to cell therapy in myelin diseases. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2020; 116:53-61. [PMID: 33082116 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Oligodendrocytes are main targets in demyelinating and dysmyelinating diseases of the central nervous system (CNS), but are also involved in accidental, neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders. The underlying pathology of these diseases is not fully understood and treatments are still lacking. The recent discovery of the induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology has open the possibility to address the biology of human oligodendroglial cells both in the dish and in vivo via engraftment in animal models, and paves the way for the development of treatment for myelin disorders. In this review, we make a short overview of the different sources human oligodendroglial cells, and animal models available for pre-clinical cell therapy. We discuss the anatomical and functional benefit of grafted iPSC-progenitors over their brain counterparts, their use in disease modeling and the missing gaps that still prevent to study their biology in the most integrated way, and to translate iPSC-stem cell based therapy to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabah Mozafari
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière-Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, INSERM, U1127, CNRS, UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université UM75, F-75013 Paris, France; CNRS, UMR 7225, Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et MarieCurie Paris 06, UM-75, Paris, France
| | - Anne Baron-Van Evercooren
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière-Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, INSERM, U1127, CNRS, UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université UM75, F-75013 Paris, France; CNRS, UMR 7225, Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et MarieCurie Paris 06, UM-75, Paris, France.
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29
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Becquart P, Vilariño-Güell C, Quandt JA. Enhanced expression of complement and microglial-specific genes prior to clinical progression in the MOG-experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis model of multiple sclerosis. Brain Res Bull 2020; 165:63-69. [PMID: 32979467 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2020.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the biological changes responsible for failures in repair and the development of progressive MS is paramount for therapeutic intervention. In a well characterized experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model of MS the clinical phenotype features an acute attack with partial recovery followed by a chronic or progressive disease phase. Neuropathology-focused gene expression profiles were generated from spinal cord, hindbrain and forebrain of mice 25 days after the induction of EAE, the time when recovery plateaus and transitions to a chronic or worsening phase. Differences in gene expression were most pronounced in the spinal cord of EAE mice compared to sham-immunized animals, with a subset of genes also found to be differentially expressed in the hindbrain and the forebrain, albeit with smaller fold-changes in expression. Our data suggests that changes in complement components, chemoattractant cytokines and especially enrichment in microglial cells may be the primary drivers of processes that limit recovery in EAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Becquart
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Carles Vilariño-Güell
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jacqueline A Quandt
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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Govindarajan V, de Rivero Vaccari JP, Keane RW. Role of inflammasomes in multiple sclerosis and their potential as therapeutic targets. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:260. [PMID: 32878648 PMCID: PMC7469327 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-01944-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS), and it remains the most common immune-mediated disorder affecting the CNS. While the cause of MS is unclear, the underlying pathomechanisms are thought to be either destruction by autoimmune T cells or dysfunction of myelin-producing cells. Recent advances have indicated that inflammasomes contribute the etiology of MS. Inflammasomes are multiprotein complexes of the innate immune response involved in the processing of caspase-1, the activation of pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 as well as the cell death-mediated mechanism of pyroptosis and the activation of the adaptive immune response. Here we review the literature to date on the role of different inflammasome signaling pathways in the pathogenesis of MS and how these pathways may be targeted to reduce deleterious inflammatory processes and improve outcomes in this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaidya Govindarajan
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1600 NW 10th Ave RMSB 5058, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Juan Pablo de Rivero Vaccari
- Department of Neurological Surgery and The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Robert W Keane
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1600 NW 10th Ave RMSB 5058, Miami, FL, 33136, USA. .,Department of Neurological Surgery and The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
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Zrzavy T, Leutmezer F, Kristoferitsch W, Kornek B, Schneider C, Rommer P, Berger T, Zimprich A. Exome-Sequence Analyses of Four Multi-Incident Multiple Sclerosis Families. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:E988. [PMID: 32854198 PMCID: PMC7563748 DOI: 10.3390/genes11090988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the Central Nervous System (CNS). Currently, it is estimated that 30-40% of the phenotypic variability of MS can be explained by genetic factors. However, low susceptibility variants identified through Genome Wide Association Study (GWAS) were calculated to explain about 50% of the heritability. Whether familial high-risk variants also contribute to heritability is a subject of controversy. In the last few years, several familial variants have been nominated, but none of them have been unequivocally confirmed. One reason for this may be that genetic heterogeneity and reduced penetrance are hindering detection. Sequencing a large number of MS families is needed to answer this question. In this study, we performed whole exome sequencing in four multi-case families, of which at least three affected individuals per family were analyzed. We identified a total of 138 rare variants segregating with disease in each of the families. Although no single variant showed convincing evidence for disease causation, some genes seemed particularly interesting based on their biological function. The main aim of this study was to provide a complete list of all rare segregating variants to provide the possibility for other researchers to cross-check familial candidate genes in an unbiased manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Zrzavy
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (T.Z.); (F.L.); (B.K.); (P.R.); (T.B.)
| | - Fritz Leutmezer
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (T.Z.); (F.L.); (B.K.); (P.R.); (T.B.)
| | - Wolfgang Kristoferitsch
- Karl Landsteiner Institute for Neuroimmunological and Neurodegenerative Disorders, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Barbara Kornek
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (T.Z.); (F.L.); (B.K.); (P.R.); (T.B.)
| | - Christine Schneider
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Augsburg, 86156 Augsburg, Germany;
| | - Paulus Rommer
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (T.Z.); (F.L.); (B.K.); (P.R.); (T.B.)
| | - Thomas Berger
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (T.Z.); (F.L.); (B.K.); (P.R.); (T.B.)
| | - Alexander Zimprich
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (T.Z.); (F.L.); (B.K.); (P.R.); (T.B.)
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Genetic analysis of nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) receptors in multiple sclerosis. Immunogenetics 2020; 72:381-385. [PMID: 32529290 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-020-01170-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Genetic and functional analyses of the inflammasome suggest a role for this multiprotein complex in the biological mechanisms leading to the onset and progression of multiple sclerosis (MS). Nucleotide-binding, leucine-rich repeat (NLR) receptors trigger the activation and assembly of specific inflammasomes in response to danger signals. Mining exome sequencing data from 326 MS patients identified 17 rare missense or nonsense variants in NLR family pyrin domain containing 1 (NLRP1), NLRP3, NLRP6, NLRP7 and NLR family CARD domain containing 4 (NLRC4). Genotyping these variants in 2503 MS cases and 1076 healthy controls did not result in statistically significant differences between groups, and segregation analysis within MS families was largely unsupportive of co-segregation of these variants with disease. However, the identification of MS patients harboring rare homozygote variants in NLRP1 (p.Ile601Phe and p.Ser1387Ile), a variant in NLRP3 (p.Leu832Ile) resulting in the substitution of a critical amino acid for the formation of its leucine-rich repeat domain, and several MS patients with NLRC4 variants (p.Arg310Ter and p.Glu600Ter) causing protein truncations suggest that rare protein-altering variants in inflammasome-activating NLR receptors may contribute to MS risk.
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Correction: Exome sequencing in multiple sclerosis families identifies 12 candidate genes and nominates biological pathways for the genesis of disease. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1008737. [PMID: 32271753 PMCID: PMC7144959 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Moos WH, Faller DV, Glavas IP, Harpp DN, Kanara I, Mavrakis AN, Pernokas J, Pernokas M, Pinkert CA, Powers WR, Sampani K, Steliou K, Vavvas DG, Zamboni RJ, Kodukula K, Chen X. Klotho Pathways, Myelination Disorders, Neurodegenerative Diseases, and Epigenetic Drugs. Biores Open Access 2020; 9:94-105. [PMID: 32257625 PMCID: PMC7133426 DOI: 10.1089/biores.2020.0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review we outline a rationale for identifying neuroprotectants aimed at inducing endogenous Klotho activity and expression, which is epigenetic action, by definition. Such an approach should promote remyelination and/or stimulate myelin repair by acting on mitochondrial function, thereby heralding a life-saving path forward for patients suffering from neuroinflammatory diseases. Disorders of myelin in the nervous system damage the transmission of signals, resulting in loss of vision, motion, sensation, and other functions depending on the affected nerves, currently with no effective treatment. Klotho genes and their single-pass transmembrane Klotho proteins are powerful governors of the threads of life and death, true to the origin of their name, Fates, in Greek mythology. Among its many important functions, Klotho is an obligatory co-receptor that binds, activates, and/or potentiates critical fibroblast growth factor activity. Since the discovery of Klotho a little over two decades ago, it has become ever more apparent that when Klotho pathways go awry, oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction take over, and age-related chronic disorders are likely to follow. The physiological consequences can be wide ranging, potentially wreaking havoc on the brain, eye, kidney, muscle, and more. Central nervous system disorders, neurodegenerative in nature, and especially those affecting the myelin sheath, represent worthy targets for advancing therapies that act upon Klotho pathways. Current drugs for these diseases, even therapeutics that are disease modifying rather than treating only the symptoms, leave much room for improvement. It is thus no wonder that this topic has caught the attention of biomedical researchers around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter H. Moos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
- ShangPharma Innovation, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Douglas V. Faller
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
- Cancer Research Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ioannis P. Glavas
- Department of Ophthalmology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - David N. Harpp
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Anastasios N. Mavrakis
- Department of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Julie Pernokas
- Advanced Dental Associates of New England, Woburn, Massachusetts
| | - Mark Pernokas
- Advanced Dental Associates of New England, Woburn, Massachusetts
| | - Carl A. Pinkert
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama
| | - Whitney R. Powers
- Department of Health Sciences, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Anatomy, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Konstantina Sampani
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Beetham Eye Institute, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kosta Steliou
- Cancer Research Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
- PhenoMatriX, Inc., Natick, Massachusetts
| | - Demetrios G. Vavvas
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Retina Service, Angiogenesis Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Xiaohong Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Retina Service, Angiogenesis Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts
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Reworking GWAS Data to Understand the Role of Nongenetic Factors in MS Etiopathogenesis. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11010097. [PMID: 31947683 PMCID: PMC7017269 DOI: 10.3390/genes11010097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies have identified more than 200 multiple sclerosis (MS)-associated loci across the human genome over the last decade, suggesting complexity in the disease etiology. This complexity poses at least two challenges: the definition of an etiological model including the impact of nongenetic factors, and the clinical translation of genomic data that may be drivers for new druggable targets. We reviewed studies dealing with single genes of interest, to understand how MS-associated single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) variants affect the expression and the function of those genes. We then surveyed studies on the bioinformatic reworking of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) data, with aggregate analyses of many GWAS loci, each contributing with a small effect to the overall disease predisposition. These investigations uncovered new information, especially when combined with nongenetic factors having possible roles in the disease etiology. In this context, the interactome approach, defined as “modules of genes whose products are known to physically interact with environmental or human factors with plausible relevance for MS pathogenesis”, will be reported in detail. For a future perspective, a polygenic risk score, defined as a cumulative risk derived from aggregating the contributions of many DNA variants associated with a complex trait, may be integrated with data on environmental factors affecting the disease risk or protection.
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Analysis of galanin receptor GALR2 in multiple sclerosis. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2019; 19:499-500. [PMID: 31611593 DOI: 10.1038/s41397-019-0100-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Barsh GS, Cooper GM, Copenhaver GP, Sirugo G, Tang H, Williams SM. Evaluating the strength of genetic results: Risks and responsibilities. PLoS Genet 2019; 15:e1008437. [PMID: 31603891 PMCID: PMC6788678 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory S. Barsh
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, Alabama, United States of America
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (GSB); (GPC)
| | - Gregory M. Cooper
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Gregory P. Copenhaver
- Department of Biology and the Integrative Program for Biological and Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail: (GSB); (GPC)
| | - Giorgio Sirugo
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Hua Tang
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Scott M. Williams
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
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Expression of Concern: Exome sequencing in multiple sclerosis families identifies 12 candidate genes and nominates biological pathways for the genesis of disease. PLoS Genet 2019; 15:e1008436. [PMID: 31603893 PMCID: PMC6788677 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Fyfe I. Mendelian multiple sclerosis triggers mechanistic rethink. Nat Rev Neurol 2019; 15:436. [DOI: 10.1038/s41582-019-0223-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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