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Avila-Trejo AM, Rodríguez-Páez LI, Alcántara-Farfán V, Aguilar-Faisal JL. Multiple Factors Involved in Bone Damage Caused by Chikungunya Virus Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13087. [PMID: 37685893 PMCID: PMC10488091 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic cases of chikungunya fever represent a public health problem in countries where the virus circulates. The disease is prolonged, in some cases, for years, resulting in disabling pain and bone erosion among other bone and joint problems. As time progresses, tissue damage is persistent, although the virus has not been found in blood or joints. The pathogenesis of these conditions has not been fully explained. Additionally, it has been considered that there are multiple factors that might intervene in the viral pathogenesis of the different conditions that develop. Other mechanisms involved in osteoarthritic diseases of non-viral origin could help explain how damage is produced in chronic conditions. The aim of this review is to analyze the molecular and cellular factors that could be involved in the tissue damage generated by different infectious conditions of the chikungunya virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M. Avila-Trejo
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica Farmacológica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico; (A.M.A.-T.); (L.I.R.-P.); (V.A.-F.)
- Laboratorio de Medicina de Conservación, Secretaría de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Lorena I. Rodríguez-Páez
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica Farmacológica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico; (A.M.A.-T.); (L.I.R.-P.); (V.A.-F.)
| | - Verónica Alcántara-Farfán
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica Farmacológica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico; (A.M.A.-T.); (L.I.R.-P.); (V.A.-F.)
| | - J. Leopoldo Aguilar-Faisal
- Laboratorio de Medicina de Conservación, Secretaría de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
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2
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Varikkodan MM, Kunnathodi F, Azmi S, Wu TY. An Overview of Indian Biomedical Research on the Chikungunya Virus with Particular Reference to Its Vaccine, an Unmet Medical Need. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1102. [PMID: 37376491 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11061102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an infectious agent spread by mosquitos, that has engendered endemic or epidemic outbreaks of Chikungunya fever (CHIKF) in Africa, South-East Asia, America, and a few European countries. Like most tropical infections, CHIKV is frequently misdiagnosed, underreported, and underestimated; it primarily affects areas with limited resources, like developing nations. Due to its high transmission rate and lack of a preventive vaccine or effective treatments, this virus poses a serious threat to humanity. After a 32-year hiatus, CHIKV reemerged as the most significant epidemic ever reported, in India in 2006. Since then, CHIKV-related research was begun in India, and up to now, more than 800 peer-reviewed research papers have been published by Indian researchers and medical practitioners. This review gives an overview of the outbreak history and CHIKV-related research in India, to favor novel high-quality research works intending to promote effective treatment and preventive strategies, including vaccine development, against CHIKV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammed Muhsin Varikkodan
- Department of Bioscience Technology, College of Science, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li, Taoyuan City 320314, Taiwan
| | - Faisal Kunnathodi
- Scientific Research Center, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh 11159, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarfuddin Azmi
- Scientific Research Center, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh 11159, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tzong-Yuan Wu
- Department of Bioscience Technology, College of Science, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li, Taoyuan City 320314, Taiwan
- R&D Center of Membrane Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li, Taoyuan City 320314, Taiwan
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3
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Hakim MS, Aman AT. Understanding the Biology and Immune Pathogenesis of Chikungunya Virus Infection for Diagnostic and Vaccine Development. Viruses 2022; 15:48. [PMID: 36680088 PMCID: PMC9863735 DOI: 10.3390/v15010048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya virus, the causative agent of chikungunya fever, is generally characterized by the sudden onset of symptoms, including fever, rash, myalgia, and headache. In some patients, acute chikungunya virus infection progresses to severe and chronic arthralgia that persists for years. Chikungunya infection is more commonly identified in tropical and subtropical regions. However, recent expansions and epidemics in the temperate regions have raised concerns about the future public health impact of chikungunya diseases. Several underlying factors have likely contributed to the recent re-emergence of chikungunya infection, including urbanization, human travel, viral adaptation to mosquito vectors, lack of effective control measures, and the spread of mosquito vectors to new regions. However, the true burden of chikungunya disease is most likely to be underestimated, particularly in developing countries, due to the lack of standard diagnostic assays and clinical manifestations overlapping with those of other endemic viral infections in the regions. Additionally, there have been no chikungunya vaccines available to prevent the infection. Thus, it is important to update our understanding of the immunopathogenesis of chikungunya infection, its clinical manifestations, the diagnosis, and the development of chikungunya vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad S. Hakim
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
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Role of Arbovirus Infection in Arthritogenic Pain Manifestation—A Systematic Review. Trop Med Infect Dis 2022; 7:tropicalmed7110390. [DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed7110390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of publications on the development of arthritic pain after CHIKV infection is increasing; however, there is still a gap in the pathophysiological mechanisms that explain these outcomes. In this review, we conducted a descriptive analysis of the findings of patients to understand their prognosis and to explore therapeutic options. Here, we searched the Cochrane, BVS, PubMed, and Scielo databases using the keywords “arthritis”, “pain”, “arbovirus”, “disease”, “arthritogenic”, and “arthralgia” during the 2000 to 2022 period. Descriptive analyses were conducted to understand the association between CHIKV infection and arthritogenic pain. The present study shows the persistence of acute phase signals for months, making the chronic phase still marked by the presence of arthralgia, often disabling under stimuli, such as temperature variation. CHIKV infection appears to be remarkably similar to rheumatoid arthritis, since both diseases share common symptoms. Once diagnosed, patients are mostly treated with analgesics, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), corticosteroids, and disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARD). As there are no prophylactic measures or specific treatments for arboviruses, this study gathered information on the development and manifestations of arthritogenic pain.
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5
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Characterization and Involvement of Exosomes Originating from Chikungunya Virus-Infected Epithelial Cells in the Transmission of Infectious Viral Elements. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012117. [PMID: 36292974 PMCID: PMC9603488 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a mosquito-borne alphavirus that affects the world's popula-tion with chikungunya disease. Adaptation of the viral life cycle to their host cells' environment is a key step for establishing their infection and pathogenesis. Recently, the accumulating evidence advocates a principal role of extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes, in both the infection and pathogenesis of infectious diseases. However, the participation of exosomes in CHIKV infec-tion and transmission is not well clarified. Here, we demonstrated that the CHIKV RNA and pro-teins were captured in exosomes, which were released by viral-infected epithelial cells. A viral genomic element in the isolated exosomes was infectious to naïve mammalian epithelial cells. The assay of particle size distribution and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed CHIKV-derived exosomes with a size range from 50 to 250 nm. Treatments with RNase A, Triton X-100, and immunoglobulin G antibodies from CHIKV-positive patient plasma indicated that in-fectious viral elements are encompassed inside the exosomes. Interestingly, our viral plaque for-mation also exhibited that infectious viral elements might be securely transmitted to neighboring cells by a secreted exosomal pathway. Taken together, our recent findings emphasize the evidence for a complementary means of CHIKV infection and suggest the role of exosome-mediated CHIKV transmission.
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Saheb Sharif-Askari N, Saheb Sharif-Askari F, Ahmed SBM, Hannawi S, Hamoudi R, Hamid Q, Halwani R. Enhanced Expression of Autoantigens During SARS-CoV-2 Viral Infection. Front Immunol 2021; 12:686462. [PMID: 34276672 PMCID: PMC8278821 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.686462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune homeostasis is disturbed during severe viral infections, which can lead to loss of tolerance to self-peptides and result in short- or long-term autoimmunity. Using publicly available transcriptomic datasets, we conducted an in-silico analyses to evaluate the expression levels of 52 autoantigens, known to be associated with 24 autoimmune diseases, during SAR-CoV-2 infection. Seven autoantigens (MPO, PRTN3, PADI4, IFIH1, TRIM21, PTPRN2, and TSHR) were upregulated in whole blood samples. MPO and TSHR were overexpressed in both lung autopsies and whole blood tissue and were associated with more severe COVID-19. Neutrophil activation derived autoantigens (MPO, PRTN3, and PADI4) were prominently increased in blood of both SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 viral infections, while TSHR and PTPRN2 autoantigens were specifically increased in SARS-CoV-2. Using single-cell dataset from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), we observed an upregulation of MPO, PRTN3, and PADI4 autoantigens within the low-density neutrophil subset. To validate our in-silico analysis, we measured plasma protein levels of two autoantigens, MPO and PRTN3, in severe and asymptomatic COVID-19. The protein levels of these two autoantigens were significantly upregulated in more severe COVID-19 infections. In conclusion, the immunopathology and severity of COVID-19 could result in transient autoimmune activation. Longitudinal follow-up studies of confirmed cases of COVID-19 could determine the enduring effects of viral infection including development of autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Samrein B M Ahmed
- Sharjah Institute of Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Suad Hannawi
- Department of Rheumatology, Ministry of Health and Prevention, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rifat Hamoudi
- Sharjah Institute of Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Qutayba Hamid
- Sharjah Institute of Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Healthy Center, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Rabih Halwani
- Sharjah Institute of Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Prince Abdullah Ben Khaled Celiac Disease Research Chair, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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7
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Hibl BM, Dailey Garnes NJM, Kneubehl AR, Vogt MB, Spencer Clinton JL, Rico-Hesse RR. Mosquito-bite infection of humanized mice with chikungunya virus produces systemic disease with long-term effects. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009427. [PMID: 34106915 PMCID: PMC8189471 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an emerging, mosquito-borne alphavirus responsible for acute to chronic arthralgias and neuropathies. Although it originated in central Africa, recent reports of disease have come from many parts of the world, including the Americas. While limiting human CHIKV cases through mosquito control has been used, it has not been entirely successful. There are currently no licensed vaccines or treatments specific for CHIKV disease, thus more work is needed to develop effective countermeasures. Current animal research on CHIKV is often not representative of human disease. Most models use CHIKV needle inoculation via unnatural routes to create immediate viremia and localized clinical signs; these methods neglect the natural route of transmission (the mosquito vector bite) and the associated human immune response. Since mosquito saliva has been shown to have a profound effect on viral pathogenesis, we evaluated a novel model of infection that included the natural vector, Aedes species mosquitoes, transmitting CHIKV to mice containing components of the human immune system. Humanized mice infected by 3-6 mosquito bites showed signs of systemic infection, with demonstrable viremia (by qRT-PCR and immunofluorescent antibody assay), mild to moderate clinical signs (by observation, histology, and immunohistochemistry), and immune responses consistent with human infection (by flow cytometry and IgM ELISA). This model should give a better understanding of human CHIKV disease and allow for more realistic evaluations of mechanisms of pathogenesis, prophylaxis, and treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianne M. Hibl
- Center for Comparative Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Natalie J. M. Dailey Garnes
- Section of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Section of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Alexander R. Kneubehl
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Megan B. Vogt
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Integrative Molecular and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jennifer L. Spencer Clinton
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Rebecca R. Rico-Hesse
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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8
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Ding C, Miao G, Liu Y, Wang W, Qi Z. Chikungunya virus and autoimmunity: Consensus immune epitope analysis between chikungunya virus and arthritis. Autoimmun Rev 2021; 20:102789. [PMID: 33609800 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2021.102789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cuiling Ding
- Department of Microbiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Biodefense, Shanghai, China
| | - Gen Miao
- Department of Microbiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Biodefense, Shanghai, China
| | - Yangang Liu
- Department of Microbiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Biodefense, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Biodefense, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongtian Qi
- Department of Microbiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Biodefense, Shanghai, China.
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Matos ADMB, Maia Carvalho FM, Malta DL, Rodrigues CL, Félix AC, Pannuti CS, Lima ADDR, Espósito DLA, Dos Santos LMB, von Glehn F, Colares JKB, da Fonseca BAL, de Oliveira ACP, Romano CM. High proportion of Guillain-Barré syndrome associated with chikungunya in Northeast Brazil. NEUROLOGY-NEUROIMMUNOLOGY & NEUROINFLAMMATION 2020; 7:7/5/e833. [PMID: 32631972 PMCID: PMC7357417 DOI: 10.1212/nxi.0000000000000833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aline de Moura Brasil Matos
- From the Universidade de São Paulo (A.d.M.B.M., A.C.F., C.S.P., C.M.R.), Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina; Hospital Geral de Fortaleza (F.M.M.C., C.L.R.), Serviço de Neurologia, CE; Universidade de Fortaleza (F.M.M.C., D.L.M., J.K.B.C.), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, CE; Universidade de Campinas (A.D.d.R.L., L.M.B.d.S., F.V.G.), Instituto de Biologia, SP; Universidade de São Paulo (D.L.A.E., B.A.L.d.F.), Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto; Instituto de Infectologia Emilio Ribas (A.C.P.d.O.), São Paulo; and Laboratório de Virologia (LIMHC 52) (C.M.R.), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Martins Maia Carvalho
- From the Universidade de São Paulo (A.d.M.B.M., A.C.F., C.S.P., C.M.R.), Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina; Hospital Geral de Fortaleza (F.M.M.C., C.L.R.), Serviço de Neurologia, CE; Universidade de Fortaleza (F.M.M.C., D.L.M., J.K.B.C.), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, CE; Universidade de Campinas (A.D.d.R.L., L.M.B.d.S., F.V.G.), Instituto de Biologia, SP; Universidade de São Paulo (D.L.A.E., B.A.L.d.F.), Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto; Instituto de Infectologia Emilio Ribas (A.C.P.d.O.), São Paulo; and Laboratório de Virologia (LIMHC 52) (C.M.R.), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Danielle Lima Malta
- From the Universidade de São Paulo (A.d.M.B.M., A.C.F., C.S.P., C.M.R.), Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina; Hospital Geral de Fortaleza (F.M.M.C., C.L.R.), Serviço de Neurologia, CE; Universidade de Fortaleza (F.M.M.C., D.L.M., J.K.B.C.), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, CE; Universidade de Campinas (A.D.d.R.L., L.M.B.d.S., F.V.G.), Instituto de Biologia, SP; Universidade de São Paulo (D.L.A.E., B.A.L.d.F.), Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto; Instituto de Infectologia Emilio Ribas (A.C.P.d.O.), São Paulo; and Laboratório de Virologia (LIMHC 52) (C.M.R.), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cleonisio Leite Rodrigues
- From the Universidade de São Paulo (A.d.M.B.M., A.C.F., C.S.P., C.M.R.), Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina; Hospital Geral de Fortaleza (F.M.M.C., C.L.R.), Serviço de Neurologia, CE; Universidade de Fortaleza (F.M.M.C., D.L.M., J.K.B.C.), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, CE; Universidade de Campinas (A.D.d.R.L., L.M.B.d.S., F.V.G.), Instituto de Biologia, SP; Universidade de São Paulo (D.L.A.E., B.A.L.d.F.), Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto; Instituto de Infectologia Emilio Ribas (A.C.P.d.O.), São Paulo; and Laboratório de Virologia (LIMHC 52) (C.M.R.), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alvina Clara Félix
- From the Universidade de São Paulo (A.d.M.B.M., A.C.F., C.S.P., C.M.R.), Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina; Hospital Geral de Fortaleza (F.M.M.C., C.L.R.), Serviço de Neurologia, CE; Universidade de Fortaleza (F.M.M.C., D.L.M., J.K.B.C.), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, CE; Universidade de Campinas (A.D.d.R.L., L.M.B.d.S., F.V.G.), Instituto de Biologia, SP; Universidade de São Paulo (D.L.A.E., B.A.L.d.F.), Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto; Instituto de Infectologia Emilio Ribas (A.C.P.d.O.), São Paulo; and Laboratório de Virologia (LIMHC 52) (C.M.R.), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Claudio Sergio Pannuti
- From the Universidade de São Paulo (A.d.M.B.M., A.C.F., C.S.P., C.M.R.), Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina; Hospital Geral de Fortaleza (F.M.M.C., C.L.R.), Serviço de Neurologia, CE; Universidade de Fortaleza (F.M.M.C., D.L.M., J.K.B.C.), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, CE; Universidade de Campinas (A.D.d.R.L., L.M.B.d.S., F.V.G.), Instituto de Biologia, SP; Universidade de São Paulo (D.L.A.E., B.A.L.d.F.), Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto; Instituto de Infectologia Emilio Ribas (A.C.P.d.O.), São Paulo; and Laboratório de Virologia (LIMHC 52) (C.M.R.), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Amanda Dias da Rocha Lima
- From the Universidade de São Paulo (A.d.M.B.M., A.C.F., C.S.P., C.M.R.), Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina; Hospital Geral de Fortaleza (F.M.M.C., C.L.R.), Serviço de Neurologia, CE; Universidade de Fortaleza (F.M.M.C., D.L.M., J.K.B.C.), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, CE; Universidade de Campinas (A.D.d.R.L., L.M.B.d.S., F.V.G.), Instituto de Biologia, SP; Universidade de São Paulo (D.L.A.E., B.A.L.d.F.), Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto; Instituto de Infectologia Emilio Ribas (A.C.P.d.O.), São Paulo; and Laboratório de Virologia (LIMHC 52) (C.M.R.), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Danilo Lucas Alves Espósito
- From the Universidade de São Paulo (A.d.M.B.M., A.C.F., C.S.P., C.M.R.), Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina; Hospital Geral de Fortaleza (F.M.M.C., C.L.R.), Serviço de Neurologia, CE; Universidade de Fortaleza (F.M.M.C., D.L.M., J.K.B.C.), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, CE; Universidade de Campinas (A.D.d.R.L., L.M.B.d.S., F.V.G.), Instituto de Biologia, SP; Universidade de São Paulo (D.L.A.E., B.A.L.d.F.), Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto; Instituto de Infectologia Emilio Ribas (A.C.P.d.O.), São Paulo; and Laboratório de Virologia (LIMHC 52) (C.M.R.), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leonilda Maria Barbosa Dos Santos
- From the Universidade de São Paulo (A.d.M.B.M., A.C.F., C.S.P., C.M.R.), Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina; Hospital Geral de Fortaleza (F.M.M.C., C.L.R.), Serviço de Neurologia, CE; Universidade de Fortaleza (F.M.M.C., D.L.M., J.K.B.C.), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, CE; Universidade de Campinas (A.D.d.R.L., L.M.B.d.S., F.V.G.), Instituto de Biologia, SP; Universidade de São Paulo (D.L.A.E., B.A.L.d.F.), Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto; Instituto de Infectologia Emilio Ribas (A.C.P.d.O.), São Paulo; and Laboratório de Virologia (LIMHC 52) (C.M.R.), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Felipe von Glehn
- From the Universidade de São Paulo (A.d.M.B.M., A.C.F., C.S.P., C.M.R.), Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina; Hospital Geral de Fortaleza (F.M.M.C., C.L.R.), Serviço de Neurologia, CE; Universidade de Fortaleza (F.M.M.C., D.L.M., J.K.B.C.), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, CE; Universidade de Campinas (A.D.d.R.L., L.M.B.d.S., F.V.G.), Instituto de Biologia, SP; Universidade de São Paulo (D.L.A.E., B.A.L.d.F.), Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto; Instituto de Infectologia Emilio Ribas (A.C.P.d.O.), São Paulo; and Laboratório de Virologia (LIMHC 52) (C.M.R.), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jeová Keny Baima Colares
- From the Universidade de São Paulo (A.d.M.B.M., A.C.F., C.S.P., C.M.R.), Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina; Hospital Geral de Fortaleza (F.M.M.C., C.L.R.), Serviço de Neurologia, CE; Universidade de Fortaleza (F.M.M.C., D.L.M., J.K.B.C.), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, CE; Universidade de Campinas (A.D.d.R.L., L.M.B.d.S., F.V.G.), Instituto de Biologia, SP; Universidade de São Paulo (D.L.A.E., B.A.L.d.F.), Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto; Instituto de Infectologia Emilio Ribas (A.C.P.d.O.), São Paulo; and Laboratório de Virologia (LIMHC 52) (C.M.R.), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Benedito Antônio Lopes da Fonseca
- From the Universidade de São Paulo (A.d.M.B.M., A.C.F., C.S.P., C.M.R.), Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina; Hospital Geral de Fortaleza (F.M.M.C., C.L.R.), Serviço de Neurologia, CE; Universidade de Fortaleza (F.M.M.C., D.L.M., J.K.B.C.), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, CE; Universidade de Campinas (A.D.d.R.L., L.M.B.d.S., F.V.G.), Instituto de Biologia, SP; Universidade de São Paulo (D.L.A.E., B.A.L.d.F.), Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto; Instituto de Infectologia Emilio Ribas (A.C.P.d.O.), São Paulo; and Laboratório de Virologia (LIMHC 52) (C.M.R.), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Augusto César Penalva de Oliveira
- From the Universidade de São Paulo (A.d.M.B.M., A.C.F., C.S.P., C.M.R.), Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina; Hospital Geral de Fortaleza (F.M.M.C., C.L.R.), Serviço de Neurologia, CE; Universidade de Fortaleza (F.M.M.C., D.L.M., J.K.B.C.), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, CE; Universidade de Campinas (A.D.d.R.L., L.M.B.d.S., F.V.G.), Instituto de Biologia, SP; Universidade de São Paulo (D.L.A.E., B.A.L.d.F.), Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto; Instituto de Infectologia Emilio Ribas (A.C.P.d.O.), São Paulo; and Laboratório de Virologia (LIMHC 52) (C.M.R.), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camila Malta Romano
- From the Universidade de São Paulo (A.d.M.B.M., A.C.F., C.S.P., C.M.R.), Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina; Hospital Geral de Fortaleza (F.M.M.C., C.L.R.), Serviço de Neurologia, CE; Universidade de Fortaleza (F.M.M.C., D.L.M., J.K.B.C.), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, CE; Universidade de Campinas (A.D.d.R.L., L.M.B.d.S., F.V.G.), Instituto de Biologia, SP; Universidade de São Paulo (D.L.A.E., B.A.L.d.F.), Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto; Instituto de Infectologia Emilio Ribas (A.C.P.d.O.), São Paulo; and Laboratório de Virologia (LIMHC 52) (C.M.R.), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil.
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10
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Nayak K, Jain V, Kaur M, Khan N, Gottimukkala K, Aggarwal C, Sagar R, Gupta S, Rai RC, Dixit K, Islamuddin M, Khan WH, Verma A, Maheshwari D, Chawla YM, Reddy ES, Panda H, Sharma P, Bhatnagar P, Singh P, Raghavendhar B S, Patel AK, Ratageri VH, Chandele A, Ray P, Murali-Krishna K. Antibody response patterns in chikungunya febrile phase predict protection versus progression to chronic arthritis. JCI Insight 2020; 5:130509. [PMID: 32155134 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.130509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection causes acute febrile illness in humans, and some of these individuals develop a debilitating chronic arthritis that can persist for months to years for reasons that remain poorly understood. In this study from India, we characterized antibody response patterns in febrile chikungunya patients and further assessed the association of these initial febrile-phase antibody response patterns with protection versus progression to developing chronic arthritis. We found 5 distinct patterns of the antibody responses in the febrile phase: no CHIKV binding or neutralizing (NT) antibodies but PCR positive, IgM alone with no NT activity, IgM alone with NT activity, IgM and IgG without NT activity, and IgM and IgG with NT activity. A 20-month follow-up showed that appearance of NT activity regardless of antibody isotype or appearance of IgG regardless of NT activity during the initial febrile phase was associated with a robust protection against developing chronic arthritis in the future. These findings, while providing potentially novel insights on correlates of protective immunity against chikungunya-induced chronic arthritis, suggest that qualitative differences in the antibody response patterns that have evolved during the febrile phase can serve as biomarkers that allow prediction of protection or progression to chronic arthritis in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaustuv Nayak
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Centre, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Vineet Jain
- Department of Medicine, Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences and Research (HIMSAR), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Manpreet Kaur
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Centre, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Naushad Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical & Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Kamalvishnu Gottimukkala
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Centre, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Charu Aggarwal
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Centre, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Rohit Sagar
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical & Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Shipra Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical & Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Ramesh Chandra Rai
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Centre, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Kritika Dixit
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Centre, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohammad Islamuddin
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical & Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Wajihul Hasan Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical & Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Anil Verma
- Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Deepti Maheshwari
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Centre, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Yadya M Chawla
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Centre, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Elluri Seetharami Reddy
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Centre, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Harekrushna Panda
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Centre, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Pragati Sharma
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Centre, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Priya Bhatnagar
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Centre, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Prabhat Singh
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Centre, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Siva Raghavendhar B
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), New Delhi, India
| | - Ashok Kumar Patel
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), New Delhi, India
| | - Vinod H Ratageri
- Department of Pediatrics, Karnataka Institute of Medical Sciences (KIMS), Hubli, Karnataka, India
| | - Anmol Chandele
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Centre, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Pratima Ray
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical & Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Kaja Murali-Krishna
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Centre, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India.,Emory Vaccine Center and.,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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11
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Kumar R, Shrivastava T, Samal S, Ahmed S, Parray HA. Antibody-based therapeutic interventions: possible strategy to counter chikungunya viral infection. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:3209-3228. [PMID: 32076776 PMCID: PMC7223553 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10437-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), a mosquito-transmitted disease that belongs to the genus Alphaviruses, has been emerged as an epidemic threat over the last two decades, and the recent co-emergence of this virus along with other circulating arboviruses and comorbidities has influenced atypical mortality rate up to 10%. Genetic variation in the virus has resulted in its adaptability towards the new vector Aedes albopictus other than Aedes aegypti, which has widen the horizon of distribution towards non-tropical and non-endemic areas. As of now, no licensed vaccines or therapies are available against CHIKV; the treatment regimens for CHIKV are mostly symptomatic, based on the clinical manifestations. Development of small molecule drugs and neutralizing antibodies are potential alternatives of worth investigating until an efficient or safe vaccine is approved. Neutralizing antibodies play an important role in antiviral immunity, and their presence is a hallmark of viral infection. In this review, we describe prospects for effective vaccines and highlight importance of neutralizing antibody-based therapeutic and prophylactic applications to combat CHIKV infections. We further discuss about the progress made towards CHIKV therapeutic interventions as well as challenges and limitation associated with the vaccine development. Furthermore this review describes the lesson learned from chikungunya natural infection, which could help in better understanding for future development of antibody-based therapeutic measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Kumar
- Translational Health Science & Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana, 121001, India.
| | - Tripti Shrivastava
- Translational Health Science & Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana, 121001, India
| | - Sweety Samal
- Translational Health Science & Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana, 121001, India
| | - Shubbir Ahmed
- Translational Health Science & Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana, 121001, India
| | - Hilal Ahmad Parray
- Translational Health Science & Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana, 121001, India
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12
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A possible role for autoimmunity through molecular mimicry in alphavirus mediated arthritis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:938. [PMID: 31969581 PMCID: PMC6976597 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55730-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Alphaviral infections are foremost in causing debilitating clinical outcomes in humans characterized by rheumatic arthritis like conditions. Though the presence of virus in joints and associated inflammation has been implicated as one of the reasons for the acute and chronic polyarthritis post alphaviral infections, the basis for rheumatic like outcomes is not clear. Through an in silico analysis, we have investigated the possibility of an autoimmune process mediated through molecular mimicry in alphaviral infection induced pathogenicity. Interestingly, sequence alignment of the structural polyproteins belonging to arthritogenic alphaviruses revealed conserved regions which share homology with human proteins implicated in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). These conserved regions were predicted to exhibit binding to HLA class II alleles, showcasing their potential to incite T cell help. Molecular docking of the viral peptide and the corresponding homologous region in the human protein onto HLA-DRB1 revealed strong similarities in their binding patterns. Linear and conformational B cell epitope prediction analyses showed that these potential mimics have high propensity to elicit an efficient B cell response. We thus propose that the origin of polyarthritis post-arthritogenic alphaviral infections may also be mediated through a hitherto unknown autoimmune response due to the presence of cross-reactive epitopes between viral and human proteins.
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13
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Amaral JK, Sutaria R, Schoen RT. Treatment of Chronic Chikungunya Arthritis With Methotrexate: A Systematic Review. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2019; 70:1501-1508. [PMID: 29361202 DOI: 10.1002/acr.23519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chikungunya virus infection is a rapidly emerging global viral infection that can cause chronic, debilitating arthritis that in some ways mimics rheumatoid arthritis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the available evidence regarding the efficacy and safety of methotrexate (MTX), a therapy that is widely used in rheumatoid arthritis, for the treatment of chronic chikungunya arthritis. METHODS A systematic literature search was performed to identify all published trials that evaluated MTX as monotherapy or combination therapy in patients with chronic chikungunya arthritis. PubMed, SciELO, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases were searched from study inception to August 2017. We also searched Google Scholar, the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform Search Portal, and clinicaltrials.gov. RESULTS Among 131 possibly relevant studies, 6 met our criteria for evaluation: 4 were retrospective studies, 1 was a non-controlled prospective study, and 1 was an unblinded randomized clinical trial of combination MTX therapy. In the randomized clinical trial, triple therapy with MTX, hydroxychloroquine, and sulfasalazine was superior to hydroxychloroquine monotherapy, as assessed by the mean ± SD Disease Activity Score in 28 joints using the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (3.39 ± 0.87 versus 4.74 ± 0.65; P < 0.0001) and the Health Assessment Questionnaire score (1.14 ± 0.31 versus 1.88 ± 0.47; P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION The number of available studies is limited, but taken together, these studies demonstrate that MTX is sufficiently efficacious to justify further study of MTX for the treatment of chronic chikungunya arthritis. The trials lacked rigorous study designs and used different treatment strategies and outcome measures. This systematic review underscores the need for randomized, prospective, placebo-controlled studies of MTX monotherapy for the treatment of chronic chikungunya arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kennedy Amaral
- Faculty of Medicine Estácio of Juazeiro de Norte, Juazeiro de Norte, Brazil
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14
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Franco EJ, Rodriquez JL, Pomeroy JJ, Hanrahan KC, Brown AN. The effectiveness of antiviral agents with broad-spectrum activity against chikungunya virus varies between host cell lines. Antivir Chem Chemother 2019; 26:2040206618807580. [PMID: 30354193 PMCID: PMC6202740 DOI: 10.1177/2040206618807580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a mosquito-borne virus that has recently emerged in the Western Hemisphere. Approved antiviral therapies or vaccines for the treatment or prevention of CHIKV infections are not available. This study aims to evaluate the antiviral activity of commercially available broad-spectrum antivirals against CHIKV. Due to host cell-specific variability in uptake and intracellular processing of drug, we evaluated the antiviral effects of each agent in three cell lines. Antiviral activities of ribavirin (RBV), interferon-alfa (IFN-α) and favipiravir (FAV) were assessed in CHIKV-infected Vero, HUH-7, and A549 cells. CHIKV-infected cells were treated with increasing concentrations of each agent for three days and viral burden was quantified by plaque assay on Vero cells. Cytotoxic effects of RBV, FAV and IFN-α were also evaluated. Antiviral activity differed depending on the cell line used for evaluation. RBV had the greatest antiviral effect in HUH-7 cells (EC50 = 2.575 µg/mL); IFN-α was most effective in A549 cells (EC50 = 4.235 IU/mL); and FAV in HUH-7 cells (EC50 = 20.00 μg/mL). The results of our study show FAV and IFN-α are the most promising candidates, as their use led to substantial reductions in viral burden at clinically achievable concentrations in two human-derived cell lines. FAV is an especially attractive candidate for further investigation due to its oral bioavailability. These findings also highlight the importance of cell line selection for preclinical drug trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn J Franco
- Department of Medicine, Institute for Therapeutic Innovation, University of Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, FL, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Florida College of Pharmacy, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Jaime L Rodriquez
- Department of Medicine, Institute for Therapeutic Innovation, University of Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Justin J Pomeroy
- Department of Medicine, Institute for Therapeutic Innovation, University of Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Kaley C Hanrahan
- Department of Medicine, Institute for Therapeutic Innovation, University of Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Ashley N Brown
- Department of Medicine, Institute for Therapeutic Innovation, University of Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, FL, USA
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15
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To review the emergence, clinical features, pathogenesis, and treatment of acute chikungunya (CHIK) fever and chronic CHIK arthritis. RECENT FINDINGS Since 2004, CHIK, an arboviral infection, has spread throughout the world, infecting millions of people. The illness occurs in two phases: an acute viremic infection followed by chronic arthritis. In less developed countries, there are limited resources and effective treatment. For acutely ill CHIK fever patients, management is symptomatic. The treatment of chronic CHIK arthritis should be determined by an understanding of pathogenesis. Is chronic CHIK arthritis a persistent viral infection or a postinfectious inflammatory process? Multiple proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors have been identified in chronic CHIK arthritis. Attempts to isolate CHIK virus from synovial fluid have been unsuccessful. Given pathogenetic similarities (as well as differences) compared with rheumatoid arthritis and the painful, disabling nature of the arthritis, it is not surprising that disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs such as methotrexate have begun to be used. SUMMARY CHIK infection has emerged with major arthritic epidemics for which evidence-based therapy is limited. But there is an opportunity to improve the treatment of chronic CHIK arthritis and, from this disease, to gain understanding of the pathogenesis and treatment of inflammatory arthritis more generally.
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16
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Tanabe ISB, Tanabe ELL, Santos EC, Martins WV, Araújo IMTC, Cavalcante MCA, Lima ARV, Câmara NOS, Anderson L, Yunusov D, Bassi ÊJ. Cellular and Molecular Immune Response to Chikungunya Virus Infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2018; 8:345. [PMID: 30364124 PMCID: PMC6191487 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a re-emergent arthropod-borne virus (arbovirus) that causes a disease characterized primarily by fever, rash and severe persistent polyarthralgia. In the last decade, CHIKV has become a serious public health problem causing several outbreaks around the world. Despite the fact that CHIKV has been around since 1952, our knowledge about immunopathology, innate and adaptive immune response involved in this infectious disease is incomplete. In this review, we provide an updated summary of the current knowledge about immune response to CHIKV and about soluble immunological markers associated with the morbidity, prognosis and chronicity of this arbovirus disease. In addition, we discuss the progress in the research of new vaccines for preventing CHIKV infection and the use of monoclonal antibodies as a promising therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ithallo S B Tanabe
- IMUNOREG-Grupo de Pesquisa em Regulação da Resposta Imune, Laboratório de Pesquisas em Virologia e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil
| | - Eloiza L L Tanabe
- IMUNOREG-Grupo de Pesquisa em Regulação da Resposta Imune, Laboratório de Pesquisas em Virologia e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil
| | - Elane C Santos
- IMUNOREG-Grupo de Pesquisa em Regulação da Resposta Imune, Laboratório de Pesquisas em Virologia e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil
| | - Wanessa V Martins
- IMUNOREG-Grupo de Pesquisa em Regulação da Resposta Imune, Laboratório de Pesquisas em Virologia e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil
| | - Isadora M T C Araújo
- IMUNOREG-Grupo de Pesquisa em Regulação da Resposta Imune, Laboratório de Pesquisas em Virologia e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil
| | - Maria C A Cavalcante
- IMUNOREG-Grupo de Pesquisa em Regulação da Resposta Imune, Laboratório de Pesquisas em Virologia e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil
| | - Ana R V Lima
- IMUNOREG-Grupo de Pesquisa em Regulação da Resposta Imune, Laboratório de Pesquisas em Virologia e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil
| | - Niels O S Câmara
- Laboratório de Imunobiologia dos Transplantes, Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leticia Anderson
- IMUNOREG-Grupo de Pesquisa em Regulação da Resposta Imune, Laboratório de Pesquisas em Virologia e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil.,Centro Universitário CESMAC, Maceió, Brazil
| | - Dinar Yunusov
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Genome Research Center, Woodbury, NY, United States
| | - Ênio J Bassi
- IMUNOREG-Grupo de Pesquisa em Regulação da Resposta Imune, Laboratório de Pesquisas em Virologia e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil
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17
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Abstract
Since the discovery of HLA 60 years ago, it has contributed to the understanding of the immune system as well as of the pathogenesis of several diseases. Aside from its essential role in determining donor-recipient immune compatibility in organ transplantation, HLA genotyping is meanwhile performed routinely as part of the diagnostic work-up of certain autoimmune diseases. Considering the ability of HLA to influence thymic selection as well as peripheral anergy of T cells, its role in the pathogenesis of autoimmunity is understandable. The aim of this paper is to provide a brief overview of the role and current clinical relevance of HLA-B27 in spondyloarthritis and HLA-B51 in Behçet's disease as well as HLA-DQ2/DQ8 in celiac disease and HLA-DRB1 in rheumatoid arthritis and to discuss possible future implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gergely Bodis
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital, Mainz, Germany.,Institut für Medizinische Diagnostik GmbH, Bioscientia Labor Ingelheim, Ingelheim Am Rhein, Germany
| | - Victoria Toth
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital, Mainz, Germany.,Institut für Medizinische Diagnostik GmbH, Bioscientia Labor Ingelheim, Ingelheim Am Rhein, Germany
| | - Andreas Schwarting
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital, Mainz, Germany. .,ACURA Center for Rheumatic Diseases, Bad Kreuznach, Germany.
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18
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Abstract
The aim of this review is to provide a brief overview of the role and current clinical relevance of HLA-B27 in spondyloarthritis and HLA-B51 in Behcet's disease as well as HLA-DQ2/DQ8 in celiac disease and HLA-DRB1 in rheumatoid arthritis and to discuss possible future implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gergely Bodis
- Bioscientia Institut für Medizinische Diagnostik GmbH, Ingelheim, Germany
- Acura Rheumatology Center Rhineland Palatine, Bad Kreuznach, Germany
| | - Victoria Toth
- Bioscientia Institut für Medizinische Diagnostik GmbH, Ingelheim, Germany
- Acura Rheumatology Center Rhineland Palatine, Bad Kreuznach, Germany
| | - Andreas Schwarting
- Acura Rheumatology Center Rhineland Palatine, Bad Kreuznach, Germany.
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
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19
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Priya SP, Sakinah S, Sharmilah K, Hamat RA, Sekawi Z, Higuchi A, Ling MP, Nordin SA, Benelli G, Kumar SS. Leptospirosis: Molecular trial path and immunopathogenesis correlated with dengue, malaria and mimetic hemorrhagic infections. Acta Trop 2017; 176:206-223. [PMID: 28823908 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2017.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Immuno-pathogenesis of leptospirosis can be recounted well by following its trail path from entry to exit, while inducing disastrous damages in various tissues of the host. Dysregulated, inappropriate and excessive immune responses are unanimously blamed in fatal leptospirosis. The inherent abilities of the pathogen and inabilities of the host were debated targeting the severity of the disease. Hemorrhagic manifestation through various mechanisms leading to a fatal end is observed when this disease is unattended. The similar vascular destructions and hemorrhage manifestations are noted in infections with different microbes in endemic areas. The simultaneous infection in a host with more than one pathogen or parasite is referred as the coinfection. Notably, common endemic infections such as leptospirosis, dengue, chikungunya, and malaria, harbor favorable environments to flourish in similar climates, which is aggregated with stagnated water and aggravated with the poor personal and environmental hygiene of the inhabitants. These factors aid the spread of pathogens and parasites to humans and potential vectors, eventually leading to outbreaks of public health relevance. Malaria, dengue and chikungunya need mosquitoes as vectors, in contrast with leptospirosis, which directly invades human, although the environmental bacterial load is maintained through other mammals, such as rodents. The more complicating issue is that infections by different pathogens exhibiting similar symptoms but require different treatment management. The current review explores different pathogens expressing specific surface proteins and their ability to bind with array of host proteins with or without immune response to enter into the host tissues and their ability to evade the host immune responses to invade and their affinity to certain tissues leading to the common squeal of hemorrhage. Furthermore, at the host level, the increased susceptibility and inability of the host to arrest the pathogens' and parasites' spread in different tissues, various cytokines accumulated to eradicate the microorganisms and their cellular interactions, the antibody dependent defense and the susceptibility of individual organs bringing the manifestation of the diseases were explored. Lastly, we provided a discussion on the immune trail path of pathogenesis from entry to exit to narrate the similarities and dissimilarities among various hemorrhagic fevers mentioned above, in order to outline future possibilities of prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of coinfections, with special reference to endemic areas.
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Management of chikungunya arthritis. Clin Rheumatol 2017; 36:2179-2186. [PMID: 28776302 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-017-3766-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Chikungunya fever (CHIKF) is an emerging viral infection that has spread widely, along with its Aedes vectors, throughout the tropics and beyond, causing explosive epidemics of both acute illness and persistent disabling arthritis. There is an urgent need to mitigate the devastating impact of this illness, through vector control, personal protection, and possibly vaccine development. There is also a need to improve treatment for both acute illness and chronic arthritis. In this review, we will review the emergence of CHIK, what is known about pathogenesis and clinical manifestations, and then focus on current understanding of how to treat individual patients, in particular, those who develop chronic arthritis.
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