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Felgueres MJ, Esteso G, García-Jiménez ÁF, Dopazo A, Aguiló N, Mestre-Durán C, Martínez-Piñeiro L, Pérez-Martínez A, Reyburn HT, Valés-Gómez M. BCG priming followed by a novel interleukin combination activates Natural Killer cells to selectively proliferate and become anti-tumour long-lived effectors. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13133. [PMID: 38849432 PMCID: PMC11161620 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62968-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The short-lived nature and heterogeneity of Natural Killer (NK) cells limit the development of NK cell-based therapies, despite their proven safety and efficacy against cancer. Here, we describe the biological basis, detailed phenotype and function of long-lived anti-tumour human NK cells (CD56highCD16+), obtained without cell sorting or feeder cells, after priming of peripheral blood cells with Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG). Further, we demonstrate that survival doses of a cytokine combination, excluding IL18, administered just weekly to BCG-primed NK cells avoids innate lymphocyte exhaustion and leads to specific long-term proliferation of innate cells that exert potent cytotoxic function against a broad range of solid tumours, mainly through NKG2D. Strikingly, a NKG2C+CD57-FcεRIγ+ NK cell population expands after BCG and cytokine stimulation, independently of HCMV serology. This strategy was exploited to rescue anti-tumour NK cells even from the suppressor environment of cancer patients' bone marrow, demonstrating that BCG confers durable anti-tumour features to NK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- María-José Felgueres
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, National Centre for Biotechnology, Spanish National Research Council (CNB-CSIC), Darwin, 3, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gloria Esteso
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, National Centre for Biotechnology, Spanish National Research Council (CNB-CSIC), Darwin, 3, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Álvaro F García-Jiménez
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, National Centre for Biotechnology, Spanish National Research Council (CNB-CSIC), Darwin, 3, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Dopazo
- Genomics Unit, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Nacho Aguiló
- Department of Microbiology, Pediatrics, Radiology and Public Health of the University of Zaragoza, IIS Aragon, CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Carmen Mestre-Durán
- Translational Research in Pediatric Oncology, Hematopoietic Transplantation and Cell Therapy, IdiPAZ, and Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
- IdiPAZ-CNIO Pediatric Onco-Hematology Clinical Research Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Martínez-Piñeiro
- Urology Department and Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Pérez-Martínez
- Translational Research in Pediatric Oncology, Hematopoietic Transplantation and Cell Therapy, IdiPAZ, and Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
- IdiPAZ-CNIO Pediatric Onco-Hematology Clinical Research Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Pediatric Department, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Hugh T Reyburn
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, National Centre for Biotechnology, Spanish National Research Council (CNB-CSIC), Darwin, 3, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mar Valés-Gómez
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, National Centre for Biotechnology, Spanish National Research Council (CNB-CSIC), Darwin, 3, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
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2
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Wendlinger S, Wohlfarth J, Siedel C, Kreft S, Kilian T, Junker S, Schmid L, Sinnberg T, Dischinger U, Heppt MV, Wistuba-Hamprecht K, Meier F, Erpenbeck L, Neubert E, Goebeler M, Gesierich A, Schrama D, Kosnopfel C, Schilling B. Susceptibility of Melanoma Cells to Targeted Therapy Correlates with Protection by Blood Neutrophils. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1767. [PMID: 38730718 PMCID: PMC11083732 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16091767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Elevated levels of peripheral blood and tumor tissue neutrophils are associated with poorer clinical response and therapy resistance in melanoma. The underlying mechanism and the role of neutrophils in targeted therapy is still not fully understood. Serum samples of patients with advanced melanoma were collected and neutrophil-associated serum markers were measured and correlated with response to targeted therapy. Blood neutrophils from healthy donors and patients with advanced melanoma were isolated, and their phenotypes, as well as their in vitro functions, were compared. In vitro functional tests were conducted through nonadherent cocultures with melanoma cells. Protection of melanoma cell lines by neutrophils was assessed under MAPK inhibition. Blood neutrophils from advanced melanoma patients exhibited lower CD16 expression compared to healthy donors. In vitro, both healthy-donor- and patient-derived neutrophils prevented melanoma cell apoptosis upon dual MAPK inhibition. The effect depended on cell-cell contact and melanoma cell susceptibility to treatment. Interference with protease activity of neutrophils prevented melanoma cell protection during treatment in cocultures. The negative correlation between neutrophils and melanoma outcomes seems to be linked to a protumoral function of neutrophils. In vitro, neutrophils exert a direct protective effect on melanoma cells during dual MAPK inhibition. This study further hints at a crucial role of neutrophil-related protease activity in protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Wendlinger
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
- Mildred Scheel Early Career Center Wuerzburg, University Hospital Wuerzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jonas Wohlfarth
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Siedel
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sophia Kreft
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - Teresa Kilian
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sarah Junker
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Luisa Schmid
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Sinnberg
- Division of Dermatooncology, Department of Dermatology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrich Dischinger
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Markus V. Heppt
- Department of Dermatology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kilian Wistuba-Hamprecht
- Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karl University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Friedegund Meier
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Skin Cancer Center at the University Cancer Centre Dresden and National Center for Tumor Diseases, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Luise Erpenbeck
- Department of Dermatology, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Elsa Neubert
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, 2333 Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center, Göttingen University, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Matthias Goebeler
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Anja Gesierich
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - David Schrama
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Corinna Kosnopfel
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
- Mildred Scheel Early Career Center Wuerzburg, University Hospital Wuerzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Bastian Schilling
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
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Vengurlekar V, Shetty O, Gurav M, Bapat P, Karnik N, Wagh G, Epari S, Rekhi B, Ramadwar M, Desai S. BRAF V600E Mutations and Beyond: A Molecular Perspective of Melanoma from a Tertiary Cancer Referral Center of India. South Asian J Cancer 2023; 12:359-370. [PMID: 38130275 PMCID: PMC10733062 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1760759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaibhavi VengurlekarObjectives Malignant melanoma demonstrates frequently occurring mutations of genes in the serine/threonine kinase pathway, namely BRAF, NRAS, and neurofibromin 1. There is rare documentation of a detailed analysis of these mutations in cases of melanoma among Indian patients. We present molecular features in cases of malignant melanoma, diagnosed at a tertiary cancer referral center in India, over a period of 8 years (2011-2018). Materials and Methods This study was performed on formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissues of 88 histologically confirmed cases of malignant melanoma. BRAF gene alterations were studied by both Sanger sequencing and real-time polymerase chain reaction techniques ( n = 74). Molecular testing for BRAF and NRAS gene alterations was accomplished in 74/88 cases (80%). Molecular test results were correlated with clinicopathological features using IBM SPSS Statistical software 25.0. Results The age ranged from 13 to 79 years (median = 57), with a M:F ratio of 1.4:1. BRAF mutations were observed in 12/74 (16.21%) patients, including V600E ( n = 7), A594T ( n = 1), T599 = ( n = 2), V600K ( n = 1), and Q612P ( n = 1), while NRAS mutations were observed in 6/38 (15.7%) patients. Among various subtypes, nodular melanoma was the most frequent subtype (33%) among cutaneous malignant melanomas. Among non-cutaneous melanomas, mucosal melanomas were observed in 37.5% of cases. Conclusion This constitutes one of the few reports on comprehensive analysis of molecular alterations underlying melanomas in Indian patients. A larger sample size, with more extensive molecular markers, would yield additional information on the disease manifestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaibhavi Vengurlekar
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular Pathology, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Omshree Shetty
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular Pathology, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mamta Gurav
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular Pathology, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Prachi Bapat
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular Pathology, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Nupur Karnik
- Department of Pathology, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Gauri Wagh
- Department of Pathology, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sridhar Epari
- Department of Pathology, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Bharat Rekhi
- Department of Pathology, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mukta Ramadwar
- Department of Pathology, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sangeeta Desai
- Department of Pathology, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Kordaß T, Chao TY, Osen W, Eichmüller SB. Novel microRNAs modulating ecto-5'-nucleotidase expression. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1199374. [PMID: 37409119 PMCID: PMC10318900 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1199374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The expression of immune checkpoint molecules (ICMs) by cancer cells is known to counteract tumor-reactive immune responses, thereby promoting tumor immune escape. For example, upregulated expression of ecto-5'-nucleotidase (NT5E), also designated as CD73, increases extracellular levels of immunosuppressive adenosine, which inhibits tumor attack by activated T cells. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. Thus, the binding of miRNAs to the 3'-untranslated region of target mRNAs either blocks translation or induces degradation of the targeted mRNA. Cancer cells often exhibit aberrant miRNA expression profiles; hence, tumor-derived miRNAs have been used as biomarkers for early tumor detection. Methods In this study, we screened a human miRNA library and identified miRNAs affecting the expression of ICMs NT5E, ENTPD1, and CD274 in the human tumor cell lines SK-Mel-28 (melanoma) and MDA-MB-231 (breast cancer). Thereby, a set of potential tumor-suppressor miRNAs that decreased ICM expression in these cell lines was defined. Notably, this study also introduces a group of potential oncogenic miRNAs that cause increased ICM expression and presents the possible underlying mechanisms. The results of high-throughput screening of miRNAs affecting NT5E expression were validated in vitro in 12 cell lines of various tumor entities. Results As result, miR-1285-5p, miR-155-5p, and miR-3134 were found to be the most potent inhibitors of NT5E expression, while miR-134-3p, miR-6859-3p, miR-6514-3p, and miR-224-3p were identified as miRNAs that strongly enhanced NT5E expression levels. Discussion The miRNAs identified might have clinical relevance as potential therapeutic agents and biomarkers or therapeutic targets, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Kordaß
- GMP & T Cell Therapy Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tsu-Yang Chao
- GMP & T Cell Therapy Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wolfram Osen
- GMP & T Cell Therapy Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan B. Eichmüller
- GMP & T Cell Therapy Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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5
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López-Borrego S, Campos-Silva C, Sandúa A, Camino T, Téllez-Pérez L, Alegre E, Beneitez A, Jara-Acevedo R, Paschen A, Pardo M, González Á, Valés-Gómez M. MAPK inhibitors dynamically affect melanoma release of immune NKG2D-ligands, as soluble protein and extracellular vesicle-associated. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 10:1055288. [PMID: 36726591 PMCID: PMC9884675 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1055288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastatic melanoma presents, in many cases, oncogenic mutations in BRAF, a MAPK involved in proliferation of tumour cells. BRAF inhibitors, used as therapy in patients with these mutations, often lead to tumour resistance and, thus, the use of MEK inhibitors was introduced in clinics. BRAFi/MEKi, a combination that has modestly increased overall survival in patients, has been proven to differentially affect immune ligands, such as NKG2D-ligands, in drug-sensitive vs. drug-resistant cells. However, the fact that NKG2D-ligands can be released as soluble molecules or in extracellular vesicles represents an additional level of complexity that has not been explored. Here we demonstrate that inhibition of MAPK using MEKi, and the combination of BRAFi with MEKi in vitro, modulates NKG2D-ligands in BRAF-mutant and WT melanoma cells, together with other NK activating ligands. These observations reinforce a role of the immune system in the generation of resistance to directed therapies and support the potential benefit of MAPK inhibition in combination with immunotherapies. Both soluble and EV-associated NKG2D-ligands, generally decreased in BRAF-mutant melanoma cell supernatants after MAPKi in vitro, replicating cell surface expression. Because potential NKG2D-ligand fluctuation during MAPKi treatment could have different consequences for the immune response, a pilot study to measure NKG2D-ligand variation in plasma or serum from metastatic melanoma patients, at different time points during MAPKi treatment, was performed. Not all NKG2D-ligands were equally detected. Further, EV detection did not parallel soluble protein. Altogether, our data confirm the heterogeneity between melanoma lesions, and suggest testing several NKG2D-ligands and other melanoma antigens in serum, both as soluble or vesicle-released proteins, to help classifying immune competence of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia López-Borrego
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, National Center for Biotechnology (CNB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Campos-Silva
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, National Center for Biotechnology (CNB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Tamara Camino
- Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Lucía Téllez-Pérez
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, National Center for Biotechnology (CNB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Annette Paschen
- Clinic for Dermatology University Hospital of Essen, Essen, North RhineWestphalia, Germany
| | - María Pardo
- Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | | | - Mar Valés-Gómez
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, National Center for Biotechnology (CNB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain,*Correspondence: Mar Valés-Gómez,
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6
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Jandova J, Park SL, Corenblum MJ, Madhavan L, Snell JA, Rounds L, Wondrak GT. Mefloquine induces ER stress and apoptosis in BRAFi-resistant A375-BRAF V600E /NRAS Q61K malignant melanoma cells targeting intracranial tumors in a bioluminescent murine model. Mol Carcinog 2022; 61:603-614. [PMID: 35417045 PMCID: PMC9133119 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Molecularly targeted therapeutics have revolutionized the treatment of BRAFV600E -driven malignant melanoma, but the rapid development of resistance to BRAF kinase inhibitors (BRAFi) presents a significant obstacle. The use of clinical antimalarials for the investigational treatment of malignant melanoma has shown only moderate promise, attributed mostly to inhibition of lysosomal-autophagic adaptations of cancer cells, but identification of specific antimalarials displaying single-agent antimelanoma activity has remained elusive. Here, we have screened a focused library of clinically used artemisinin-combination therapeutic (ACT) antimalarials for the apoptotic elimination of cultured malignant melanoma cell lines, also examining feasibility of overcoming BRAFi-resistance comparing isogenic melanoma cells that differ only by NRAS mutational status (BRAFi-sensitive A375-BRAFV600E /NRASQ61 vs. BRAFi-resistant A375-BRAFV600E /NRASQ61K ). Among ACT antimalarials tested, mefloquine (MQ) was the only apoptogenic agent causing melanoma cell death at low micromolar concentrations. Comparative gene expression-array analysis (A375-BRAFV600E /NRASQ61 vs. A375-BRAFV600E /NRASQ61K ) revealed that MQ is a dual inducer of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and redox stress responses that precede MQ-induced loss of viability. ER-trackerTM DPX fluorescence imaging and electron microscopy indicated ER swelling, accompanied by rapid induction of ER stress signaling (phospho-eIF2α, XBP-1s, ATF4). Fluo-4 AM-fluorescence indicated the occurrence of cytosolic calcium overload observable within seconds of MQ exposure. In a bioluminescent murine model employing intracranial injection of A375-Luc2 (BRAFV600E /NRASQ61K ) cells, an oral MQ regimen efficiently antagonized brain tumor growth. Taken together, these data suggest that the clinical antimalarial MQ may be a valid candidate for drug repurposing aiming at chemotherapeutic elimination of malignant melanoma cells, even if metastasized to the brain and BRAFi-resistant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Jandova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, RK Coit College of Pharmacy & UA Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Sophia L. Park
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, RK Coit College of Pharmacy & UA Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Mandi J. Corenblum
- Department of Neurology, Evelyn F McKnight Brain Institute and BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Lalitha Madhavan
- Department of Neurology, Evelyn F McKnight Brain Institute and BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Jeremy A. Snell
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, RK Coit College of Pharmacy & UA Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Liliana Rounds
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, RK Coit College of Pharmacy & UA Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Georg T. Wondrak
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, RK Coit College of Pharmacy & UA Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
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7
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Blood Eosinophils Are Associated with Efficacy of Targeted Therapy in Patients with Advanced Melanoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14092294. [PMID: 35565423 PMCID: PMC9104271 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14092294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Eosinophils appear to contribute to the efficacy of immunotherapy and their frequency was suggested as a predictive biomarker. Whether this observation could be transferred to patients treated with targeted therapy remains unknown. Methods: Blood and serum samples of healthy controls and 216 patients with advanced melanoma were prospectively and retrospectively collected. Freshly isolated eosinophils were phenotypically characterized by flow cytometry and co-cultured in vitro with melanoma cells to assess cytotoxicity. Soluble serum markers and peripheral blood counts were used for correlative studies. Results: Eosinophil-mediated cytotoxicity towards melanoma cells, as well as phenotypic characteristics, were similar when comparing healthy donors and patients. However, high relative pre-treatment eosinophil counts were significantly associated with response to MAPKi (p = 0.013). Eosinophil-mediated cytotoxicity towards melanoma cells is dose-dependent and requires proximity of eosinophils and their target in vitro. Treatment with targeted therapy in the presence of eosinophils results in an additive tumoricidal effect. Additionally, melanoma cells affected eosinophil phenotype upon co-culture. Conclusion: High pre-treatment eosinophil counts in advanced melanoma patients were associated with a significantly improved response to MAPKi. Functionally, eosinophils show potent cytotoxicity towards melanoma cells, which can be reinforced by MAPKi. Further studies are needed to unravel the molecular mechanisms of our observations.
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8
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Campos-Silva C, Cáceres-Martell Y, Sánchez-Herrero E, Sandúa A, Beneitez-Martínez A, González Á, Provencio M, Romero A, Jara-Acevedo R, Yáñez-Mó M, Valés-Gómez M. A simple immunoassay for extracellular vesicle liquid biopsy in microliters of non-processed plasma. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:72. [PMID: 35135541 PMCID: PMC8822649 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01256-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extracellular vesicles (EVs), released by most cell types, provide an excellent source of biomarkers in biological fluids. However, in order to perform validation studies and screenings of patient samples, it is still necessary to develop general techniques permitting rapid handling of small amounts of biological samples from large numbers of donors. RESULTS Here we describe a method that, using just a few microliters of patient's plasma, identifies tumour markers exposed on EVs. Studying physico-chemical properties of EVs in solution, we demonstrate that they behave as stable colloidal suspensions and therefore, in immunocapture assays, many of them are unable to interact with a stationary functionalised surface. Using flocculation methods, like those used to destabilize colloids, we demonstrate that cationic polymers increase EV ζ-potential, diameter, and sedimentation coefficient and thus, allow a more efficient capture on antibody-coated surfaces by both ELISA and bead-assisted flow cytometry. These findings led to optimization of a protocol in microtiter plates allowing effective immunocapture of EVs, directly in plasma without previous ultracentrifugation or other EV enrichment. The method, easily adaptable to any laboratory, has been validated using plasma from lung cancer patients in which the epithelial cell marker EpCAM has been detected on EVs. CONCLUSIONS This optimized high throughput, easy to automate, technology allows screening of large numbers of patients to phenotype tumour markers in circulating EVs, breaking barriers for the validation of proposed EV biomarkers and the discovery of new ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Campos-Silva
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Spanish National Centre for Biotechnology, CNB-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Yaiza Cáceres-Martell
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Spanish National Centre for Biotechnology, CNB-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Estela Sánchez-Herrero
- Laboratorio de Biopsia Líquida, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain.,Atrys Health, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Amaia Sandúa
- Service of Biochemistry, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - Álvaro González
- Service of Biochemistry, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Mariano Provencio
- Laboratorio de Biopsia Líquida, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain.,Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Atocha Romero
- Laboratorio de Biopsia Líquida, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain.,Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - María Yáñez-Mó
- Department of Molecular Biology, UAM - Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación del Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mar Valés-Gómez
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Spanish National Centre for Biotechnology, CNB-CSIC, Madrid, Spain.
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9
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Gil-Rojas Y, Lasalvia P, Hernández F, Castañeda-Cardona C, Castrillón-Correa J, Herrera D, Rosselli D. Cost-Effectiveness of the Dabrafenib Schedule in Combination With Trametinib Compared With Other Targeted Therapies, Immunotherapy, and Dacarbazine for the Treatment of Unresectable or Metastatic Melanoma With BRAFV600 Mutation in Colombia. Value Health Reg Issues 2021; 26:182-190. [PMID: 34673349 DOI: 10.1016/j.vhri.2021.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Advanced melanoma accounts for 4% of malignant skin tumors, and approximately 80% of deaths are attributed to it. The most frequent mutation of the RAF gene is BRAFV600, which has been associated with a worse prognosis. The objective of the research was to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of the combined regimen of dabrafenib plus trametinib (D + T) compared with other targeted therapies, immunotherapy, and dacarbazine for the treatment of unresectable/metastatic melanoma with BRAFV600 mutation from the perspective of the Colombian health system. METHODS A partitioned survival model with 3 states (progression-free survival, progression, and death) was used to evaluate the cost-effectiveness for a time horizon of 20 years. Owing to the perspective of the analysis, only direct medical costs were taken into account. The efficacy of the evaluated treatment and the comparators were measured in terms of overall survival and progression-free survival. All costs were expressed in Colombian pesos as of 2018, and outcomes and costs were discounted at 5% annually. Two analysis scenarios were considered, one in which only monitoring and follow-up costs were included in the progression phase and another in which costs of acquisition of possible treatment sequences were also included. RESULTS In the first scenario (without postprogression medication costs), the combined D + T regimen was a dominant alternative to vemurafenib + cobimetinib but was not a cost-effective option compared with vemurafenib, nivolumab, ipilimumab, nivolumab + ipilimumab, pembrolizumab, and dacarbazine. In the second scenario (with drug costs in postprogression), D + T was dominant compared with vemurafenib + cobimetinib and cost-effective compared with nivolumab and pembrolizumab. Compared with other schemes, the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was above the threshold of 3 gross domestic product per capita. Probabilistic sensitivity analyses showed that a willingness-to-pay threshold of Col$56 484 300 (US$19 108) per quality-adjusted life-year would not be reached at the current price of schema in Colombia. CONCLUSIONS The combined scheme could be a cost-effective and even a cost-saving alternative to vemurafenib + cobimetinib, nivolumab, and pembrolizumab if the costs associated with the use of other medications are taken into account after progression to the first line of treatment. Compared with the other comparators, it produces a greater number of quality-adjusted life-years, but the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio is above that of the willingness to pay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaneth Gil-Rojas
- Department of Economic Studies, Neuroeconomix, Bogotá, Colombia.
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Diego Rosselli
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Hospital San Ignacio, Bogotá, Colombia
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10
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Cells to Surgery Quiz: June 2021. J Invest Dermatol 2021. [PMID: 34024342 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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11
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Scatena C, Murtas D, Tomei S. Cutaneous Melanoma Classification: The Importance of High-Throughput Genomic Technologies. Front Oncol 2021; 11:635488. [PMID: 34123788 PMCID: PMC8193952 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.635488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma is an aggressive tumor responsible for 90% of mortality related to skin cancer. In the recent years, the discovery of driving mutations in melanoma has led to better treatment approaches. The last decade has seen a genomic revolution in the field of cancer. Such genomic revolution has led to the production of an unprecedented mole of data. High-throughput genomic technologies have facilitated the genomic, transcriptomic and epigenomic profiling of several cancers, including melanoma. Nevertheless, there are a number of newer genomic technologies that have not yet been employed in large studies. In this article we describe the current classification of cutaneous melanoma, we review the current knowledge of the main genetic alterations of cutaneous melanoma and their related impact on targeted therapies, and we describe the most recent high-throughput genomic technologies, highlighting their advantages and disadvantages. We hope that the current review will also help scientists to identify the most suitable technology to address melanoma-related relevant questions. The translation of this knowledge and all actual advancements into the clinical practice will be helpful in better defining the different molecular subsets of melanoma patients and provide new tools to address relevant questions on disease management. Genomic technologies might indeed allow to better predict the biological - and, subsequently, clinical - behavior for each subset of melanoma patients as well as to even identify all molecular changes in tumor cell populations during disease evolution toward a real achievement of a personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Scatena
- Division of Pathology, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Daniela Murtas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Cytomorphology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Sara Tomei
- Omics Core, Integrated Genomics Services, Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
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12
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In-Depth Immune-Oncology Studies of the Tumor Microenvironment in a Humanized Melanoma Mouse Model. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031011. [PMID: 33498319 PMCID: PMC7864015 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence and interaction of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment is of significant importance and has a great impact on disease progression and response to therapy. Hence, their identification is of high interest for prognosis and treatment decisions. Besides detailed phenotypic analyses of immune, as well as tumor cells, spatial analyses is an important parameter in the complex interplay of neoplastic and immune cells—especially when moving into focus efforts to develop and validate new therapeutic strategies. Ex vivo analysis of tumor samples by immunohistochemistry staining methods conserves spatial information is restricted to single markers, while flow cytometry (disrupting tissue into single cell suspensions) provides access to markers in larger numbers. Nevertheless, this comes at the cost of scarifying morphological information regarding tissue localization and cell–cell contacts. Further detrimental effects incurred by, for example, tissue digestion include staining artifacts. Consequently, ongoing efforts are directed towards methods that preserve, completely or in part, spatial information, while increasing the number of markers that can potentially be interrogated to the level of conventional flow cytometric methods. Progression in multiplex immunohistochemistry in the last ten years overcame the limitation to 1–2 markers in classical staining methods using DAB with counter stains or even pure chemical staining methods. In this study, we compared the multiplex method Chipcytometry to flow cytometry and classical IHC-P using DAB and hematoxylin. Chipcytometry uses frozen or paraffin-embedded tissue sections stained with readily available commercial fluorophore-labeled antibodies in repetitive cycles of staining and bleaching. The iterative staining approach enables sequential analysis of a virtually unlimited number of markers on the same sample, thereby identifying immune cell subpopulations in the tumor microenvironment in the present study in a humanized mouse melanoma model.
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13
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An Immunocapture-Based Assay for Detecting Multiple Antigens in Melanoma-Derived Extracellular Vesicles. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2265:323-344. [PMID: 33704725 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1205-7_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Most human cells release extracellular vesicles (EVs) of different sizes and composition, containing biomolecules characteristic from the originating tissue. In consequence, when EVs derive from a cancer cell, they also contain tumor antigens. Therefore, isolating and characterizing tumor-derived EVs has attracted great interest as an invaluable source of biomarkers, both for diagnosis and stratification of cancer. In this chapter, we describe a method for flow cytometry assessment of melanoma-derived EVs which are firstly captured onto antibody-coated beads recognizing either a common EV marker, namely, a tetraspanin, or a tumor antigen like the stress-related molecules MICA or PDL1. Then, after staining with a fluorophore-conjugated antibody directed against a different protein present on the EV surface, the EV-bead complex can be visualized in a conventional flow cytometer. The technique allows detection of proteins present on EVs isolated from tissue culture supernatants of melanoma cell lines and, more importantly, directly from plasma.
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14
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Pilla L, Alberti A, Di Mauro P, Gemelli M, Cogliati V, Cazzaniga ME, Bidoli P, Maccalli C. Molecular and Immune Biomarkers for Cutaneous Melanoma: Current Status and Future Prospects. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3456. [PMID: 33233603 PMCID: PMC7699774 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in the genomic, molecular and immunological make-up of melanoma allowed the development of novel targeted therapy and of immunotherapy, leading to changes in the paradigm of therapeutic interventions and improvement of patients' overall survival. Nevertheless, the mechanisms regulating either the responsiveness or the resistance of melanoma patients to therapies are still mostly unknown. The development of either the combinations or of the sequential treatment of different agents has been investigated but without a strongly molecularly motivated rationale. The need for robust biomarkers to predict patients' responsiveness to defined therapies and for their stratification is still unmet. Progress in immunological assays and genomic techniques as long as improvement in designing and performing studies monitoring the expression of these markers along with the evolution of the disease allowed to identify candidate biomarkers. However, none of them achieved a definitive role in predicting patients' clinical outcomes. Along this line, the cross-talk of melanoma cells with tumor microenvironment plays an important role in the evolution of the disease and needs to be considered in light of the role of predictive biomarkers. The overview of the relationship between the molecular basis of melanoma and targeted therapies is provided in this review, highlighting the benefit for clinical responses and the limitations. Moreover, the role of different candidate biomarkers is described together with the technical approaches for their identification. The provided evidence shows that progress has been achieved in understanding the molecular basis of melanoma and in designing advanced therapeutic strategies. Nevertheless, the molecular determinants of melanoma and their role as biomarkers predicting patients' responsiveness to therapies warrant further investigation with the vision of developing more effective precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Pilla
- Division of Medical Oncology, San Gerardo Hospital, University of Milano-Bicocca School of Medicine, 20900 Monza, Italy; (P.D.M.); (M.G.); (V.C.); (M.E.C.); (P.B.)
| | - Andrea Alberti
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Health Science and Public Health, University of Brescia, ASST Ospedali Civili, 25123 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Pierluigi Di Mauro
- Division of Medical Oncology, San Gerardo Hospital, University of Milano-Bicocca School of Medicine, 20900 Monza, Italy; (P.D.M.); (M.G.); (V.C.); (M.E.C.); (P.B.)
| | - Maria Gemelli
- Division of Medical Oncology, San Gerardo Hospital, University of Milano-Bicocca School of Medicine, 20900 Monza, Italy; (P.D.M.); (M.G.); (V.C.); (M.E.C.); (P.B.)
| | - Viola Cogliati
- Division of Medical Oncology, San Gerardo Hospital, University of Milano-Bicocca School of Medicine, 20900 Monza, Italy; (P.D.M.); (M.G.); (V.C.); (M.E.C.); (P.B.)
| | - Marina Elena Cazzaniga
- Division of Medical Oncology, San Gerardo Hospital, University of Milano-Bicocca School of Medicine, 20900 Monza, Italy; (P.D.M.); (M.G.); (V.C.); (M.E.C.); (P.B.)
| | - Paolo Bidoli
- Division of Medical Oncology, San Gerardo Hospital, University of Milano-Bicocca School of Medicine, 20900 Monza, Italy; (P.D.M.); (M.G.); (V.C.); (M.E.C.); (P.B.)
| | - Cristina Maccalli
- Laboratory of Immune and Biological Therapy, Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha 26999, Qatar;
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15
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Huang L, Peng B, Nayak Y, Wang C, Si F, Liu X, Dou J, Xu H, Peng G. Baicalein and Baicalin Promote Melanoma Apoptosis and Senescence via Metabolic Inhibition. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:836. [PMID: 32984331 PMCID: PMC7477299 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is one of the most common and dangerous skin cancers with a high rate of death every year. Furthermore, N-RAS and B-RAF mutations in melanoma cells increase the difficulties for clinical treatment in patients. Therefore, development of effective and universal drugs against melanoma is urgently needed. Here we demonstrate that baicalein and baicalin, the active components of the Chinese traditional medicinal plant Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, can significantly inhibit melanoma cell growth and proliferation, suppress tumor cell colony formation and migration, as well as induce apoptosis and senescence in melanoma cells. The anti-tumor effects mediated by baicalein and baicalin are independent of N-RAS and B-RAF mutation statuses in melanoma cells. Mechanistically, we identify that the suppression of baicalein and baicalin on melanoma cells is due to inhibition of tumor cell glucose uptake and metabolism by affecting the mTOR-HIF-1α signaling pathway. In addition, we demonstrated that baicalein and baicalin can suppress tumorigenesis and tumor growth in vivo in the melanoma model. These studies clearly indicate that baicalein and baicalin can control tumor growth and development metabolically and have great potential as novel and universal drugs for melanoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Huang
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Bo Peng
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Yash Nayak
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Cindy Wang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Fusheng Si
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Xia Liu
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Jie Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Sciences and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huaxi Xu
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Guangyong Peng
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, United States
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16
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Bhat H, Zaun G, Hamdan TA, Lang J, Adomati T, Schmitz R, Friedrich SK, Bergerhausen M, Cham LB, Li F, Ali M, Zhou F, Khairnar V, Duhan V, Brandenburg T, Machlah YM, Schiller M, Berry A, Xu H, Vollmer J, Häussinger D, Thier B, Pandyra AA, Schadendorf D, Paschen A, Schuler M, Lang PA, Lang KS. Arenavirus Induced CCL5 Expression Causes NK Cell-Mediated Melanoma Regression. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1849. [PMID: 32973762 PMCID: PMC7472885 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune activation within the tumor microenvironment is one promising approach to induce tumor regression. Certain viruses including oncolytic viruses such as the herpes simplex virus (HSV) and non-oncolytic viruses such as the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) are potent tools to induce tumor-specific immune activation. However, not all tumor types respond to viro- and/or immunotherapy and mechanisms accounting for such differences remain to be defined. In our current investigation, we used the non-cytopathic LCMV in different human melanoma models and found that melanoma cell lines produced high levels of CCL5 in response to immunotherapy. In vivo, robust CCL5 production in LCMV infected Ma-Mel-86a tumor bearing mice led to recruitment of NK cells and fast tumor regression. Lack of NK cells or CCL5 abolished the anti-tumoral effects of immunotherapy. In conclusion, we identified CCL5 and NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity as new factors influencing melanoma regression during virotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilal Bhat
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Immunology, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Gregor Zaun
- Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Thamer A Hamdan
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Immunology, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Judith Lang
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Immunology, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Tom Adomati
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Immunology, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Rosa Schmitz
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Immunology, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Sarah-Kim Friedrich
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Immunology, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Michael Bergerhausen
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Immunology, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Lamin B Cham
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Immunology, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Fanghui Li
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Immunology, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Murtaza Ali
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Immunology, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Fan Zhou
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Immunology, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Vishal Khairnar
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Immunology, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Monrovia, CA, United States
| | - Vikas Duhan
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Immunology, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Tim Brandenburg
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Immunology, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Yara Maria Machlah
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Immunology, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Maximilian Schiller
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Immunology, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Arshia Berry
- Department of Molecular Medicine II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Haifeng Xu
- Department of Molecular Medicine II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Dieter Häussinger
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Beatrice Thier
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Aleksandra A Pandyra
- Department of Molecular Medicine II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Dirk Schadendorf
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Annette Paschen
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Martin Schuler
- Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Philipp A Lang
- Department of Molecular Medicine II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Karl S Lang
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Immunology, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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17
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Vanni I, Tanda ET, Dalmasso B, Pastorino L, Andreotti V, Bruno W, Boutros A, Spagnolo F, Ghiorzo P. Non-BRAF Mutant Melanoma: Molecular Features and Therapeutical Implications. Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:172. [PMID: 32850962 PMCID: PMC7396525 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.00172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is one of the most aggressive tumors of the skin, and its incidence is growing worldwide. Historically considered a drug resistant disease, since 2011 the therapeutic landscape of melanoma has radically changed. Indeed, the improved knowledge of the immune system and its interactions with the tumor, and the ever more thorough molecular characterization of the disease, has allowed the development of immunotherapy on the one hand, and molecular target therapies on the other. The increased availability of more performing technologies like Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS), and the availability of increasingly large genetic panels, allows the identification of several potential therapeutic targets. In light of this, numerous clinical and preclinical trials are ongoing, to identify new molecular targets. Here, we review the landscape of mutated non-BRAF skin melanoma, in light of recent data deriving from Whole-Exome Sequencing (WES) or Whole-Genome Sequencing (WGS) studies on melanoma cohorts for which information on the mutation rate of each gene was available, for a total of 10 NGS studies and 992 samples, focusing on available, or in experimentation, targeted therapies beyond those targeting mutated BRAF. Namely, we describe 33 established and candidate driver genes altered with frequency greater than 1.5%, and the current status of targeted therapy for each gene. Only 1.1% of the samples showed no coding mutations, whereas 30% showed at least one mutation in the RAS genes (mostly NRAS) and 70% showed mutations outside of the RAS genes, suggesting potential new roads for targeted therapy. Ongoing clinical trials are available for 33.3% of the most frequently altered genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Vanni
- Genetics of Rare Cancers, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
- Genetics of Rare Cancers, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Genoa, Genova, Italy
| | | | - Bruna Dalmasso
- Genetics of Rare Cancers, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
- Genetics of Rare Cancers, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Genoa, Genova, Italy
| | - Lorenza Pastorino
- Genetics of Rare Cancers, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
- Genetics of Rare Cancers, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Genoa, Genova, Italy
| | - Virginia Andreotti
- Genetics of Rare Cancers, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
- Genetics of Rare Cancers, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Genoa, Genova, Italy
| | - William Bruno
- Genetics of Rare Cancers, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
- Genetics of Rare Cancers, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Genoa, Genova, Italy
| | - Andrea Boutros
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | | | - Paola Ghiorzo
- Genetics of Rare Cancers, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
- Genetics of Rare Cancers, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Genoa, Genova, Italy
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18
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Ny L, Hernberg M, Nyakas M, Koivunen J, Oddershede L, Yoon M, Wang X, Guyot P, Geisler J. BRAF mutational status as a prognostic marker for survival in malignant melanoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Oncol 2020; 59:833-844. [PMID: 32285732 DOI: 10.1080/0284186x.2020.1747636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Background: The analysis of the BRAF mutational status has been established as a standard procedure during diagnosis of advanced malignant melanoma due to the fact that BRAF inhibitors constitute a cornerstone in the treatment of metastatic disease. However, the general impact of BRAF mutational status on survival remains unclear. Our study aimed to assess the underlying prognostic significance of BRAF mutant versus wild type (WT) malignant melanoma on overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS) and progression-free survival (PFS).Material and methods: A systematic literature search in EMBASE, Medline and Cochrane CENTRAL was performed. Studies were included if they reported survival outcomes for BRAF mutant versus WT patients as hazard ratios (HR) or in Kaplan-Meier (KM) curves. Random-effects meta-analysis models were used to pool HRs across the studies.Results: Data from 52 studies, representing 7519 patients, were pooled for analysis of OS. The presence of a BRAF mutation was statistically significantly associated with a reduced OS (HR [95% confidence interval (CI)]: 1.23 [1.09-1.38]), however, with substantial heterogeneity between the studies (I2: 58.0%). Meta-regression and sensitivity analyses showed that age, sex and BRAF mutation testing method did not have a significant effect on the OS HR. BRAF mutant melanoma showed comparable effect on DFS to non-BRAF mutant melanoma in stage I-III melanoma (combined HR: 1.16, 95% CI: 0.92-1.46), and on PFS in stage III-IV (HR: 0.98 (95% CI: 0.68-1.40)).Conclusion: Although there was substantial heterogeneity between the studies, the overall results demonstrated a poorer prognosis and OS in patients harbouring BRAF mutations. Future studies should take this into account when evaluating epidemiological data and treatment effects of new interventions in patients with malignant melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Ny
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Science, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - M. Hernberg
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - M. Nyakas
- Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - J. Koivunen
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Oulu University Hospital, MRC Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | | | - M. Yoon
- Novartis Healthcare A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - X. Wang
- Commercialization & Outcomes, ICON plc, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - P. Guyot
- Commercialization & Outcomes, ICON plc, Lyon, France
| | - J. Geisler
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Campus AHUS, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Oncology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
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19
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Efficient Suppression of NRAS-Driven Melanoma by Co-Inhibition of ERK1/2 and ERK5 MAPK Pathways. J Invest Dermatol 2020; 140:2455-2465.e10. [PMID: 32376279 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.03.972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma is a highly malignant tumor typically driven by somatic mutation in the oncogenes BRAF or NRAS, leading to uncontrolled activation of the MEK/ERK MAPK pathway. Despite the availability of immunotherapy, MAPK pathway‒targeting regimens are still a valuable treatment option for BRAF-mutant melanoma. Unfortunately, patients with NRAS mutation do not benefit from such therapies owing to the lack of targetable BRAF mutations and a high degree of intrinsic and acquired resistance toward MEK inhibition. Here, we demonstrate that concomitant inhibition of ERK5 removes this constraint and effectively sensitizes NRAS-mutant melanoma cells for MAPK pathway‒targeting therapy. Using approved MEK inhibitors or a pharmacologic ERK inhibitor, we demonstrate that MAPK inhibition triggers a delayed activation of ERK5 through a PDGFR inhibitor-sensitive pathway in NRAS-mutant melanoma cells, resulting in sustained proliferation and survival. ERK5 phosphorylation also occurred naturally in NRAS-mutant melanoma cells and correlated with nuclear localization of its stem cell-associated effector KLF2. Importantly, MEK/ERK5 co-inhibition prevented long-term growth of human NRAS-mutant melanoma cells in vitro and effectively repressed tumor progression in a xenotransplant mouse model. Our findings suggest MEK/ERK5 cotargeting as a potential treatment option for NRAS-mutant melanoma, which currently is not amenable for targeted therapies.
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20
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Balatoni T, Ladányi A, Fröhlich G, Czirbesz K, Kovács P, Pánczél G, Bence E, Plótár V, Liszkay G. Biomarkers Associated with Clinical Outcome of Advanced Melanoma Patients Treated with Ipilimumab. Pathol Oncol Res 2020; 26:317-325. [PMID: 30225783 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-018-0466-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ipilimumab was the first immunotherapy approved for metastatic melanoma in decades and is currently registered as a second-line treatment. However, new immunotherapies, in combination with ipilimumab, offer even better clinical outcomes for patients compared with single-agent treatments, at the expense of improved toxicity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of ipilimumab outside the clinical trials and to identify survival predictors for treatment benefit. Data were collected on 47 advanced melanoma patients treated with ipilimumab between 2010 and 2015 at a single center. Association of clinical characteristics (including primary tumor characteristics), serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), erythrocyte sedimentation rate, absolute eosinophil, lymphocyte, and neutrophil count, neutrophil/lymphocyte and eosinophil/lymphocyte ratio with toxicity and clinical outcome were assessed using univariate and multivariate analysis. Median progression-free survival at a median follow-up of 10 months was 2.7 months and median overall survival was 9.8 months. Objective response was observed in 17% of patients and the disease control rate at week 24 was 40%. The 1- and 2-year survival rates documented were 40 and 28%, respectively. Significant association between high LDH level (>1.5× upper limit of normal) and decreased overall survival was demonstrated in uni- and multivariate analysis (hazard ratio [HR]: 3.554, 95% CI: 1.225-10.306, p = 0.019). Neither biomarkers nor clinical outcome were associated with toxicity. Using baseline serum LDH to identify patients most likely to benefit from ipilimumab therapy could serve as a simple and inexpensive biomarker of clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tímea Balatoni
- Department of Oncodermatology, National Institute of Oncology, 7-9. Ráth Gy. u., Budapest, H-1122, Hungary.
| | - Andrea Ladányi
- Department of Surgical and Molecular Pathology, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Georgina Fröhlich
- Center of Radiotherapy, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kata Czirbesz
- Department of Oncodermatology, National Institute of Oncology, 7-9. Ráth Gy. u., Budapest, H-1122, Hungary
| | - Péter Kovács
- Department of Oncodermatology, National Institute of Oncology, 7-9. Ráth Gy. u., Budapest, H-1122, Hungary
| | - Gitta Pánczél
- Department of Oncodermatology, National Institute of Oncology, 7-9. Ráth Gy. u., Budapest, H-1122, Hungary
| | - Eszter Bence
- Department of Surgical and Molecular Pathology, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Vanda Plótár
- Department of Surgical and Molecular Pathology, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gabriella Liszkay
- Department of Oncodermatology, National Institute of Oncology, 7-9. Ráth Gy. u., Budapest, H-1122, Hungary
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21
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Textoris-Taube K, Cammann C, Henklein P, Topfstedt E, Ebstein F, Henze S, Liepe J, Zhao F, Schadendorf D, Dahlmann B, Uckert W, Paschen A, Mishto M, Seifert U. ER-aminopeptidase 1 determines the processing and presentation of an immunotherapy-relevant melanoma epitope. Eur J Immunol 2019; 50:270-283. [PMID: 31729751 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201948116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Dissecting the different steps of the processing and presentation of tumor-associated antigens is a key aspect of immunotherapies enabling to tackle the immune response evasion attempts of cancer cells. The immunodominant glycoprotein gp100209-217 epitope, which is liberated from the melanoma differentiation antigen gp100PMEL17 , is part of immunotherapy trials. By analyzing different human melanoma cell lines, we here demonstrate that a pool of N-terminal extended peptides sharing the common minimal epitope is generated by melanoma proteasome subtypes. In vitro and in cellulo experiments indicate that ER-resident aminopeptidase 1 (ERAP1)-but not ERAP2-defines the processing of this peptide pool thereby modulating the T-cell recognition of melanoma cells. By combining the outcomes of our studies and others, we can sketch the complex processing and endogenous presentation pathway of the gp100209-217 -containing epitope/peptides, which are produced by proteasomes and are translocated to the vesicular compartment through different pathways, where the precursor peptides that reach the endoplasmic reticulum are further processed by ERAP1. The latter step enhances the activation of epitope-specific T lymphocytes, which might be a target to improve the efficiency of anti-melanoma immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Textoris-Taube
- Shared Facility for Mass Spectrometry, Berlin Institute of Health, Institut für Biochemie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Clemens Cammann
- Friedrich Loeffler Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie-Virologie, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Petra Henklein
- Berlin Institute of Health, Institut für Biochemie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eylin Topfstedt
- Friedrich Loeffler Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie-Virologie, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Frédéric Ebstein
- Berlin Institute of Health, Institut für Biochemie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sarah Henze
- Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Juliane Liepe
- Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Fang Zhao
- Klinik für Dermatologie, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Essen and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Dirk Schadendorf
- Klinik für Dermatologie, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Essen and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Burkhardt Dahlmann
- Berlin Institute of Health, Institut für Biochemie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Uckert
- Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin in der Helmholtz Gemeinschaft, Berlin, Germany
| | - Annette Paschen
- Klinik für Dermatologie, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Essen and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Michele Mishto
- Centre for Inflammation Biology and Cancer Immunology (CIBCI) & Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca sul Cancro "Giorgio Prodi", University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Ulrike Seifert
- Friedrich Loeffler Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie-Virologie, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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22
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Belgrano V, Mattsson J, Nilsson J, Olofsson Bagge R, Katsarelias D. BRAF status as a predictive factor for response in isolated limb perfusion. Int J Hyperthermia 2019; 36:511-515. [DOI: 10.1080/02656736.2019.1601778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Valerio Belgrano
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jan Mattsson
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jonas Nilsson
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Roger Olofsson Bagge
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Dimitrios Katsarelias
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
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23
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Daßler-Plenker J, Paschen A, Putschli B, Rattay S, Schmitz S, Goldeck M, Bartok E, Hartmann G, Coch C. Direct RIG-I activation in human NK cells induces TRAIL-dependent cytotoxicity toward autologous melanoma cells. Int J Cancer 2019; 144:1645-1656. [PMID: 30230526 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Activation of the innate immune receptor retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) by its specific ligand 5'-triphosphate RNA (3pRNA) triggers anti-tumor immunity, which is dependent on natural killer (NK) cell activation and cytokine induction. However, to date, RIG-I expression and the functional consequences of RIG-I activation in NK cells have not been examined. Here, we show for the first time the expression of RIG-I in human NK cells and their activation upon RIG-I ligand (3pRNA) transfection. 3pRNA-activated NK cells killed melanoma cells more efficiently than NK cells activated by type I interferon. Stimulation of RIG-I in NK cells specifically increased the surface expression of membrane-bound TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) on NK cells, while activated NK cell receptors were not affected. RIG-I-induced membrane-bound TRAIL initiated death-receptor-pathway-mediated apoptosis not only in allogeneic but also in autologous human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I-positive and HLA class I-negative melanoma cells. These results identify the direct activation of RIG-I in NK cells as a novel mechanism for how RIG-I can trigger enhanced NK cell killing of tumor cells, underscoring the potential of RIG-I activation for tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Daßler-Plenker
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Annette Paschen
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45112, Essen, Germany
| | - Bastian Putschli
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Stephanie Rattay
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Saskia Schmitz
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Marion Goldeck
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Eva Bartok
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Gunther Hartmann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christoph Coch
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, 53127, Bonn, Germany
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24
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Clinical Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Considerations in the (Modern) Treatment of Melanoma. Clin Pharmacokinet 2019; 58:1029-1043. [DOI: 10.1007/s40262-019-00753-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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25
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Ahmad F, Avabhrath N, Natarajan S, Parikh J, Patole K, Das BR. Molecular evaluation of BRAF V600 mutation and its association with clinicopathological characteristics: First findings from Indian malignant melanoma patients. Cancer Genet 2019; 231-232:46-53. [PMID: 30803557 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the BRAF gene have been described to occur in two-third of melanomas. The objective of the study was to establish the frequency of BRAF V600E/K/R mutation in a series of melanomas from Indian origin and to correlate mutation status with clinicopathological features. Seventy melanoma cases were evaluated for BRAF V600 mutation by pyrosequencing. Overall, BRAF mutations were detected in 30% of the patients. All mutations observed were missense type (GTG > GAG) resulting in p.V600E, while none showed V600K/R mutation. The frequency of BRAF V600E mutations were more in patients with onset age of 50 years. BRAF mutations were significantly associated with tumor site wherein more mutations were seen in tumors from head and neck and extremities region. Acral and mucosal tumor subtype showed a mutation frequency of 31% and 20%, respectively. Epithelial cell morphology tends to harbor frequent BRAF V600E mutation (36%) than other morphological subtypes. Tumors with ulceration and necrosis showed increased BRAF mutation rate (32.5% and 33%) respectively. In conclusion, this is the first study to report a mutation frequency of 30% in this cohort. Our results demonstrated that the BRAF V600E mutation is a frequent event in Indian melanomas, and represents an important molecular target for novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firoz Ahmad
- Research and Development, Division, SRL Ltd, Plot no.1, Prime Square building, S.V.Road, Goregaon (W), Mumbai, India
| | - Nagashree Avabhrath
- Research and Development, Division, SRL Ltd, Plot no.1, Prime Square building, S.V.Road, Goregaon (W), Mumbai, India
| | - Sripriya Natarajan
- Research and Development, Division, SRL Ltd, Plot no.1, Prime Square building, S.V.Road, Goregaon (W), Mumbai, India
| | - Jeenal Parikh
- Histopathology Division, Division, SRL Ltd, Plot no.1, Prime Square building, S.V.Road, Goregaon (W), Mumbai, India
| | - Kamlakar Patole
- Histopathology Division, Division, SRL Ltd, Plot no.1, Prime Square building, S.V.Road, Goregaon (W), Mumbai, India
| | - Bibhu Ranjan Das
- Research and Development, Division, SRL Ltd, Plot no.1, Prime Square building, S.V.Road, Goregaon (W), Mumbai, India.
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26
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Pharmacokinetic and cytokine profiles of melanoma patients with dabrafenib and trametinib-induced pyrexia. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2019; 83:693-704. [DOI: 10.1007/s00280-019-03780-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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27
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Pseudotime Dynamics in Melanoma Single-Cell Transcriptomes Reveals Different Mechanisms of Tumor Progression. BIOLOGY 2018; 7:biology7020023. [PMID: 29614062 PMCID: PMC6022966 DOI: 10.3390/biology7020023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Single-cell transcriptomics has been used for analysis of heterogeneous populations of cells during developmental processes and for analysis of tumor cell heterogeneity. More recently, analysis of pseudotime (PT) dynamics of heterogeneous cell populations has been established as a powerful concept to study developmental processes. Here we perform PT analysis of 3 melanoma short-term cultures with different genetic backgrounds to study specific and concordant properties of PT dynamics of selected cellular programs with impact on melanoma progression. Overall, in our setting of melanoma cells PT dynamics towards higher tumor malignancy appears to be largely driven by cell cycle genes. Single cells of all three short-term cultures show a bipolar expression of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) and AXL receptor tyrosine kinase (AXL) signatures. Furthermore, opposing gene expression changes are observed for genes regulated by epigenetic mechanisms suggesting epigenetic reprogramming during melanoma progression. The three melanoma short-term cultures show common themes of PT dynamics such as a stromal signature at initiation, bipolar expression of the MITF/AXL signature and opposing regulation of poised and activated promoters. Differences are observed at the late stage of PT dynamics with high, low or intermediate MITF and anticorrelated AXL signatures. These findings may help to identify targets for interference at different stages of tumor progression.
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28
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Gerber T, Willscher E, Loeffler-Wirth H, Hopp L, Schadendorf D, Schartl M, Anderegg U, Camp G, Treutlein B, Binder H, Kunz M. Mapping heterogeneity in patient-derived melanoma cultures by single-cell RNA-seq. Oncotarget 2018; 8:846-862. [PMID: 27903987 PMCID: PMC5352202 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent technological advances in single-cell genomics make it possible to analyze cellular heterogeneity of tumor samples. Here, we applied single-cell RNA-seq to measure the transcriptomes of 307 single cells cultured from three biopsies of three different patients with a BRAF/NRAS wild type, BRAF mutant/NRAS wild type and BRAF wild type/NRAS mutant melanoma metastasis, respectively. Analysis based on self-organizing maps identified sub-populations defined by multiple gene expression modules involved in proliferation, oxidative phosphorylation, pigmentation and cellular stroma. Gene expression modules had prognostic relevance when compared with gene expression data from published melanoma samples and patient survival data. We surveyed kinome expression patterns across sub-populations of the BRAF/NRAS wild type sample and found that CDK4 and CDK2 were consistently highly expressed in the majority of cells, suggesting that these kinases might be involved in melanoma progression. Treatment of cells with the CDK4 inhibitor palbociclib restricted cell proliferation to a similar, and in some cases greater, extent than MAPK inhibitors. Finally, we identified a low abundant sub-population in this sample that highly expressed a module containing ABC transporter ABCB5, surface markers CD271 and CD133, and multiple aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs). Patient-derived cultures of the BRAF mutant/NRAS wild type and BRAF wild type/NRAS mutant metastases showed more homogeneous single-cell gene expression patterns with gene expression modules for proliferation and ABC transporters. Taken together, our results describe an intertumor and intratumor heterogeneity in melanoma short-term cultures which might be relevant for patient survival, and suggest promising targets for new treatment approaches in melanoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Gerber
- Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Edith Willscher
- Interdisciplinary Center for Bioinformatics, University of Leipzig, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Henry Loeffler-Wirth
- Interdisciplinary Center for Bioinformatics, University of Leipzig, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Lydia Hopp
- Interdisciplinary Center for Bioinformatics, University of Leipzig, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Dirk Schadendorf
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Manfred Schartl
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Biozentrum, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University Clinic Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Advanced Study, 3572 Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3572, USA
| | - Ulf Anderegg
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gray Camp
- Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Barbara Treutlein
- Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hans Binder
- Interdisciplinary Center for Bioinformatics, University of Leipzig, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Manfred Kunz
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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29
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Lee SH, Kim JE, Jang HS, Park KH, Oh BH, Shin SJ, Chung KY, Roh MR, Rha SY. Genetic Alterations among Korean Melanoma Patients Showing Tumor Heterogeneity: A Comparison between Primary Tumors and Corresponding Metastatic Lesions. Cancer Res Treat 2018; 50:1378-1387. [PMID: 29361821 PMCID: PMC6192908 DOI: 10.4143/crt.2017.535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Melanoma is a highly heterogeneous neoplasm, composed of subpopulations of tumor cells with distinct molecular and biological phenotypes and genotypes. In this study, to determine the genetic heterogeneity between primary and metastatic melanoma in Korean melanoma patients, we evaluated several well-known genetic alterations of melanoma. In addition, to elucidate the clinical relevance of each genetic alteration and heterogeneity between primary and metastatic lesions, clinical features and patient outcome were collected. Materials and Methods In addition to clinical data, BRAF, NRAS, GNAQ/11 mutation and KIT amplification data was acquired from an archived primary Korean melanoma cohort (KMC) of 188 patients. Among these patients, 43 patients were included for investigation of tumor heterogeneity between primary melanoma and its corresponding metastatic lesions. Results Overall incidence of genetic aberrations of the primary melanomas in KMC was 17.6% of BRAF V600, 12.6% of NRAS mutation, and 28.6% of KIT amplification. GNAQ/11 mutation was seen in 66.6% of the uveal melanoma patients. Patients with BRAF mutation were associated with advanced stage and correlated to poor prognosis (p < 0.01). Among 43 patients, 55.8% showed heterogeneity between primary and metastatic lesion. The frequency of BRAF mutation and KIT amplification significantly increased in the metastatic lesions compared to primary melanomas. GNAQ/11 mutation showed 100% homogeneity in uveal melanoma patients. Conclusion Our data demonstrated heterogeneity between primary melanomas and corresponding metastatic lesions for BRAF, NRAS mutation and KIT amplification. However, GNAQ/11 mutation was genetically homogeneous between primary and metastatic melanoma lesions in uveal melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Hyung Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jee Eun Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hong Sun Jang
- Department of Dermatology, Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyu Hyun Park
- Songdang Institute for Cancer Research, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byung Ho Oh
- Department of Dermatology, Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Joon Shin
- Songdang Institute for Cancer Research, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kee Yang Chung
- Department of Dermatology, Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mi Ryung Roh
- Department of Dermatology, Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun Young Rha
- Songdang Institute for Cancer Research, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Seoul, Korea
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30
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Gaiser MR, Skorokhod A, Gransheier D, Weide B, Koch W, Schif B, Enk A, Garbe C, Bauer J. Variables that influence BRAF mutation probability: A next-generation sequencing, non-interventional investigation of BRAFV600 mutation status in melanoma. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188602. [PMID: 29176861 PMCID: PMC5703505 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The incidence of melanoma, particularly in older patients, has steadily increased over the past few decades. Activating mutations of BRAF, the majority occurring in BRAFV600, are frequently detected in melanoma; however, the prognostic significance remains unclear. This study aimed to define the probability and distribution of BRAFV600 mutations, and the clinico-pathological factors that may affect BRAF mutation status, in patients with advanced melanoma using next-generation sequencing. Materials and methods This was a non-interventional, retrospective study of BRAF mutation testing at two German centers, in Heidelberg and Tübingen. Archival tumor samples from patients with histologically confirmed melanoma (stage IIIB, IIIC, IV) were analyzed using PCR amplification and deep sequencing. Clinical, histological, and mutation data were collected. The statistical influence of patient- and tumor-related characteristics on BRAFV600 mutation status was assessed using multiple logistic regression (MLR) and a prediction profiler. Results BRAFV600 mutation status was assessed in 453 samples. Mutations were detected in 57.6% of patients (n = 261), with 48.1% (n = 102) at the Heidelberg site and 66.0% (n = 159) at the Tübingen site. The decreasing influence of increasing age on mutation probability was quantified. A main effects MLR model identified age (p = 0.0001), center (p = 0.0004), and melanoma subtype (p = 0.014) as significantly influencing BRAFV600 mutation probability; ultraviolet (UV) exposure showed a statistical trend (p = 0.1419). An interaction model of age versus other variables showed that center (p<0.0001) and melanoma subtype (p = 0.0038) significantly influenced BRAF mutation probability; age had a statistically significant effect only as part of an interaction with both UV exposure (p = 0.0110) and melanoma subtype (p = 0.0134). Conclusions This exploratory study highlights that testing center, melanoma subtype, and age in combination with UV exposure and melanoma subtype significantly influence BRAFV600 mutation probability in patients with melanoma. Further validation of this model, in terms of reproducibility and broader relevance, is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rita Gaiser
- Department of Dermatology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karl University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Alexander Skorokhod
- Department of Dermatology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Diana Gransheier
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Benjamin Weide
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | | | - Alexander Enk
- Department of Dermatology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Claus Garbe
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Bauer
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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31
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López-Cobo S, Pieper N, Campos-Silva C, García-Cuesta EM, Reyburn HT, Paschen A, Valés-Gómez M. Impaired NK cell recognition of vemurafenib-treated melanoma cells is overcome by simultaneous application of histone deacetylase inhibitors. Oncoimmunology 2017; 7:e1392426. [PMID: 29308322 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2017.1392426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapy of metastatic melanoma advanced recently with the clinical implementation of signalling pathway inhibitors, such as vemurafenib, specifically targeting mutant BRAFV600E. In general, patients experience remarkable clinical responses under BRAF inhibitor (BRAFi) treatment but eventually progress within 6-8 months due to resistance development. Responding metastases show an increased immune cell infiltrate, including also NK cells, that, however, is no longer detectable in BRAFi-resistant lesions, suggesting NK cell activity should be exploited to prevent disease progression. Here, we examined the effects of BRAFi on the expression of ligands targeting activating NK cells receptors immediately after treatment onset, prior to resistance development. We demonstrate that BRAFV600E mutant melanoma cells cultured in the presence of vemurafenib, strongly decreased surface expression of ligands for NK activating receptors including the NKG2D-ligand, MICA, and the DNAM-1 ligand, CD155, and became significantly less susceptible to NK cell attack. NKG2D-ligand protein downregulation was due to a significant decrease in mRNA levels, already detectable 24 h after drug treatment. Interestingly, vemurafenib-induced MICA downregulation could be counteracted by treatment of melanoma cells with the histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor (HDACi) sodium butyrate, that also upregulated the DNAM1-ligand, Nectin-2. HDACi treatment enhanced surface expression of NKG2D-ligands in the presence of BRAFi, accompanied by recovery of NK cell recognition, but only upon simultaneous drug application. These results suggest that co-administration of BRAFi and HDAC inhibitors as well as having direct effects on melanoma cell survival, could also synergise to improve NK cell recognition and avoid tumour immune evasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila López-Cobo
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, National Centre for Biotechnology, CNB-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Natalia Pieper
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) partner site Essen/Düsseldorf, Essen; Germany
| | - Carmen Campos-Silva
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, National Centre for Biotechnology, CNB-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva M García-Cuesta
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, National Centre for Biotechnology, CNB-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Hugh T Reyburn
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, National Centre for Biotechnology, CNB-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Annette Paschen
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) partner site Essen/Düsseldorf, Essen; Germany
| | - Mar Valés-Gómez
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, National Centre for Biotechnology, CNB-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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32
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Wittig-Blaich S, Wittig R, Schmidt S, Lyer S, Bewerunge-Hudler M, Gronert-Sum S, Strobel-Freidekind O, Müller C, List M, Jaskot A, Christiansen H, Hafner M, Schadendorf D, Block I, Mollenhauer J. Systematic screening of isogenic cancer cells identifies DUSP6 as context-specific synthetic lethal target in melanoma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:23760-23774. [PMID: 28423600 PMCID: PMC5410342 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Next-generation sequencing has dramatically increased genome-wide profiling options and conceptually initiates the possibility for personalized cancer therapy. State-of-the-art sequencing studies yield large candidate gene sets comprising dozens or hundreds of mutated genes. However, few technologies are available for the systematic downstream evaluation of these results to identify novel starting points of future cancer therapies. We improved and extended a site-specific recombination-based system for systematic analysis of the individual functions of a large number of candidate genes. This was facilitated by a novel system for the construction of isogenic constitutive and inducible gain- and loss-of-function cell lines. Additionally, we demonstrate the construction of isogenic cell lines with combinations of the traits for advanced functional in vitro analyses. In a proof-of-concept experiment, a library of 108 isogenic melanoma cell lines was constructed and 8 genes were identified that significantly reduced viability in a discovery screen and in an independent validation screen. Here, we demonstrate the broad applicability of this recombination-based method and we proved its potential to identify new drug targets via the identification of the tumor suppressor DUSP6 as potential synthetic lethal target in melanoma cell lines with BRAF V600E mutations and high DUSP6 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Wittig-Blaich
- Former Affiliation: Department of Molecular Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69118 Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute for Comparative Molecular Endocrinology, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Rainer Wittig
- Former Affiliation: Department of Molecular Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69118 Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute for Laser Technologies in Medicine and Metrology, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Steffen Schmidt
- Former Affiliation: Lundbeckfonden Center of Excellence NanoCAN, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark.,Former Affiliation: Molecular Oncology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Stefan Lyer
- Former Affiliation: Department of Molecular Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69118 Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Section for Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), University Hospital Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Melanie Bewerunge-Hudler
- Former Affiliation: Department of Molecular Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69118 Heidelberg, Germany.,Genomics and Proteomics Core Facility, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69118 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sabine Gronert-Sum
- Former Affiliation: Department of Molecular Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69118 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Olga Strobel-Freidekind
- Former Affiliation: Department of Molecular Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69118 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carolin Müller
- Former Affiliation: Lundbeckfonden Center of Excellence NanoCAN, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark.,Former Affiliation: Molecular Oncology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Markus List
- Former Affiliation: Lundbeckfonden Center of Excellence NanoCAN, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark.,Former Affiliation: Molecular Oncology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Aleksandra Jaskot
- Former Affiliation: Lundbeckfonden Center of Excellence NanoCAN, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark.,Former Affiliation: Molecular Oncology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Helle Christiansen
- Former Affiliation: Lundbeckfonden Center of Excellence NanoCAN, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark.,Former Affiliation: Molecular Oncology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Mathias Hafner
- Department of Biotechnology, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, 68163 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Dirk Schadendorf
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany and German Cancer Consortium, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ines Block
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark.,Lundbeckfonden Center of Excellence NanoCAN, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Jan Mollenhauer
- Lundbeckfonden Center of Excellence NanoCAN, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark.,Molecular Oncology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark
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Amelot A, Terrier LM, Mazeron JJ, Valery CA, Cornu P, Carpentier A, Leveque M. Timeline metastatic progression: in the wake of the « seed and soil » theory. Med Oncol 2017; 34:185. [DOI: 10.1007/s12032-017-1045-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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34
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Heppt MV, Siepmann T, Engel J, Schubert-Fritschle G, Eckel R, Mirlach L, Kirchner T, Jung A, Gesierich A, Ruzicka T, Flaig MJ, Berking C. Prognostic significance of BRAF and NRAS mutations in melanoma: a German study from routine care. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:536. [PMID: 28797232 PMCID: PMC5553744 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3529-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hotspot mutations of the oncogenes BRAF and NRAS are the most common genetic alterations in cutaneous melanoma. Specific inhibitors of BRAF and MEK have shown significant survival benefits in large phase III trials. However, the prognostic significance of BRAF and NRAS mutations outside of clinical trials remains unclear. METHODS The mutational status of BRAF (exon 15) and NRAS (exon 2 and 3) was determined in melanoma samples of 217 patients with pyrosequencing and Sanger sequencing. The genotypes were correlated with clinical outcomes and pathologic features of the primary tumors. Time to disease progression was calculated with the cumulative incidence function. Survival analyses were performed with Kaplan-Meier estimates and Cox proportional hazards regression analysis. Relative survival was calculated with the Ederer-II method. Treatment with BRAF and MEK inhibitors and immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) was allowed. RESULTS Mutations in BRAF and NRAS were identified in 40.1 and 24.4% of cases, respectively. Concurrent mutations in both genes were detected in further 2.3%. The remaining 33.2% were wild type for the investigated exons (WT). BRAF mutations were significantly associated with younger age at first diagnosis (p < 0.001) and truncal localization of the culprit primary (p = 0.002). The nodular subtype was most common in the NRAS cohort. In addition, NRAS-mutant melanoma patients showed a higher frequency of nodal relapse (p = 0.013) and development of metastatic disease (p = 0.021). The time to loco-regional nodal relapse was shortest in NRAS-mutant melanoma (p = 0.002). Presence of NRAS mutation was an independent risk factor for disease progression in multivariate analysis (HR 2.01; 95% CI 1.02 - 3.98). BRAF-mutant melanoma patients showed a tendency for better overall and relative survival. Genotype was not a consistent risk factor in multivariate analysis. Instead, positive sentinel lymph node status (HR 2.65; 95% CI 1.15 - 6.10) and treatment with ICB in stage IV disease (HR 0.17; 95% CI 0.06-0.48) were significant multivariate risk factors. CONCLUSIONS NRAS-mutant tumors tended to behave more aggressively particularly in early stages of the disease in this high-risk melanoma population. Treatment with immune checkpoint blockade improved survival in stage IV disease in a real-world setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus V. Heppt
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital of Munich (LMU), Frauenlobstr. 9-11, 80337 Munich, Germany
- Division of Health Care Sciences, Center for Clinical Research and Management Education, Dresden International University, Freiberger Str. 37, 01067 Dresden, Germany
| | - Timo Siepmann
- Division of Health Care Sciences, Center for Clinical Research and Management Education, Dresden International University, Freiberger Str. 37, 01067 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jutta Engel
- Munich Cancer Registry (MCR) of the Munich Tumor Centre (TZM), Department of Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology (IBE), University Hospital of Munich, Ludwig-Maximilian-University (LMU), Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Gabriele Schubert-Fritschle
- Munich Cancer Registry (MCR) of the Munich Tumor Centre (TZM), Department of Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology (IBE), University Hospital of Munich, Ludwig-Maximilian-University (LMU), Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Renate Eckel
- Munich Cancer Registry (MCR) of the Munich Tumor Centre (TZM), Department of Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology (IBE), University Hospital of Munich, Ludwig-Maximilian-University (LMU), Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Laura Mirlach
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital of Munich (LMU), Frauenlobstr. 9-11, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Kirchner
- Department of Pathology, University of Munich (LMU), Thalkirchner Str. 36, 80337 Munich, Germany
- DKTK (German Cancer Consortium), DKFZ (German Cancer Research Centre), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Jung
- Department of Pathology, University of Munich (LMU), Thalkirchner Str. 36, 80337 Munich, Germany
- DKTK (German Cancer Consortium), DKFZ (German Cancer Research Centre), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anja Gesierich
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Ruzicka
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital of Munich (LMU), Frauenlobstr. 9-11, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Michael J. Flaig
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital of Munich (LMU), Frauenlobstr. 9-11, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Carola Berking
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital of Munich (LMU), Frauenlobstr. 9-11, 80337 Munich, Germany
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35
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Adler NR, Wolfe R, Kelly JW, Haydon A, McArthur GA, McLean CA, Mar VJ. Tumour mutation status and sites of metastasis in patients with cutaneous melanoma. Br J Cancer 2017; 117:1026-1035. [PMID: 28787433 PMCID: PMC5625668 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2017.254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cutaneous melanoma can metastasise haematogenously and/or lymphogenously to form satellite/in-transit, lymph node or distant metastasis. This study aimed to determine if BRAF and NRAS mutant and wild-type tumours differ in their site of first tumour metastasis and anatomical metastatic pathway. Methods: Prospective cohort of patients with a histologically confirmed primary cutaneous melanoma at three tertiary referral centres in Melbourne, Australia from 2010 to 2015. Multinomial regression determined clinical, histological and mutational factors associated with the site of first metastasis and metastatic pathway. Results: Of 1048 patients, 306 (29%) developed metastasis over a median 4.7 year follow-up period. 73 (24%), 192 (63%) and 41 (13%) developed distant, regional lymph node and satellite/in-transit metastasis as the first site of metastasis, respectively. BRAF mutation was associated with lymph node metastasis (adjusted RRR 2.46 95% CI 1.07–5.69, P=0.04) and sentinel lymph node positivity (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.14–2.10, P=0.005). BRAF mutation and NRAS mutation were associated with increased odds of developing liver metastasis (aOR 3.09, 95% CI 1.49–6.42, P=0.003; aOR 3.17, 95% CI 1.32–7.58, P=0.01) and central nervous system (CNS) metastasis (aOR 4.65, 95% CI 2.23–9.69, P<0.001; aOR 4.03, 95% CI 1.72–9.44, P=0.001). NRAS mutation was associated with lung metastasis (aOR 2.44, 95% CI 1.21–4.93, P=0.01). Conclusions: BRAF mutation was found to be associated with lymph node metastasis as first metastasis and sentinel lymph node positivity. BRAF and NRAS mutations were associated with CNS and liver metastasis and NRAS mutation with lung metastasis. If these findings are validated in additional prospective studies, a role for heightened visceral organ surveillance may be warranted in patients with tumours harbouring these somatic mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikki R Adler
- Victorian Melanoma Service, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia.,School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Rory Wolfe
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - John W Kelly
- Victorian Melanoma Service, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Andrew Haydon
- Victorian Melanoma Service, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia.,Department of Medical Oncology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Grant A McArthur
- Divisions of Research and Cancer Medicine, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Catriona A McLean
- Victorian Melanoma Service, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia.,Department of Anatomical Pathology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Victoria J Mar
- Victorian Melanoma Service, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia.,School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia.,Skin and Cancer Foundation, Carlton, Victoria 3053, Australia
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36
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Kalkavan H, Sharma P, Kasper S, Helfrich I, Pandyra AA, Gassa A, Virchow I, Flatz L, Brandenburg T, Namineni S, Heikenwalder M, Höchst B, Knolle PA, Wollmann G, von Laer D, Drexler I, Rathbun J, Cannon PM, Scheu S, Bauer J, Chauhan J, Häussinger D, Willimsky G, Löhning M, Schadendorf D, Brandau S, Schuler M, Lang PA, Lang KS. Spatiotemporally restricted arenavirus replication induces immune surveillance and type I interferon-dependent tumour regression. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14447. [PMID: 28248314 PMCID: PMC5337983 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune-mediated effector molecules can limit cancer growth, but lack of sustained immune activation in the tumour microenvironment restricts antitumour immunity. New therapeutic approaches that induce a strong and prolonged immune activation would represent a major immunotherapeutic advance. Here we show that the arenaviruses lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) and the clinically used Junin virus vaccine (Candid#1) preferentially replicate in tumour cells in a variety of murine and human cancer models. Viral replication leads to prolonged local immune activation, rapid regression of localized and metastatic cancers, and long-term disease control. Mechanistically, LCMV induces antitumour immunity, which depends on the recruitment of interferon-producing Ly6C+ monocytes and additionally enhances tumour-specific CD8+ T cells. In comparison with other clinically evaluated oncolytic viruses and to PD-1 blockade, LCMV treatment shows promising antitumoural benefits. In conclusion, therapeutically administered arenavirus replicates in cancer cells and induces tumour regression by enhancing local immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halime Kalkavan
- Institute of Immunology, Medical Faculty, University Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
- Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Piyush Sharma
- Institute of Immunology, Medical Faculty, University Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Stefan Kasper
- Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Iris Helfrich
- Department of Dermatology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Aleksandra A. Pandyra
- Institute of Immunology, Medical Faculty, University Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Asmae Gassa
- Institute of Immunology, Medical Faculty, University Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Cologne University Heart Center, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Isabel Virchow
- Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Lukas Flatz
- Department of Dermatology/Allergology, Cantonal Hospital, Rorschacher Strasse 95, St. Gallen 9007, Switzerland
| | - Tim Brandenburg
- Institute of Immunology, Medical Faculty, University Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Sukumar Namineni
- Department of Virology, Technical University of Munich, Schneckenburgstrasse 8, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Mathias Heikenwalder
- Department of Virology, Technical University of Munich, Schneckenburgstrasse 8, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Bastian Höchst
- Institute of Molecular Immunology/Experimental Oncology, München Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Percy A. Knolle
- Institute of Molecular Immunology/Experimental Oncology, München Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Guido Wollmann
- Division for Virology, Medical University Innsbruck, Peter-Mayr-Strasse 4b, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Dorothee von Laer
- Division for Virology, Medical University Innsbruck, Peter-Mayr-Strasse 4b, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ingo Drexler
- Institute of Virology, Düsseldorf University Hospital, Heinrich Heine University, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jessica Rathbun
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, 90033 California, USA
| | - Paula M. Cannon
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, 90033 California, USA
| | - Stefanie Scheu
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, University of Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jens Bauer
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, University of Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jagat Chauhan
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Research Building, Old Road Campus, Headington, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Dieter Häussinger
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University of Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Gerald Willimsky
- Institute of Immunology (Charité - University Medicine Berlin), 3125 Berlin, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 13125 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Max Löhning
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité—University Medicine Berlin and German Rheumatism Research Center (DRFZ), Charitéplatz 1, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dirk Schadendorf
- Department of Dermatology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site University Hospital Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Sven Brandau
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Martin Schuler
- Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site University Hospital Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Philipp A. Lang
- Department of Molecular Medicine II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Universitätsstrasse 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Karl S. Lang
- Institute of Immunology, Medical Faculty, University Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
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Thomas KH, Ramirez RA. Leptomeningeal Disease and the Evolving Role of Molecular Targeted Therapy and Immunotherapy. Ochsner J 2017; 17:362-378. [PMID: 29230121 PMCID: PMC5718449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leptomeningeal disease (LMD) is a complication that results from solid tumor metastasis. Prognosis is extremely poor. As therapeutic options for solid tumors improve, the rate of LMD continues to increase. Until recently, treatment has been limited to radiation therapy, intrathecal chemotherapy, and systemic chemotherapy, with an overall survival of 2-3 months. Targeted molecular therapy and immunotherapies are promising new options for increasing overall survival and clinical improvement; however, optimal clinical management remains unknown. METHODS In this review, we discuss targeted molecular therapy and immunotherapy treatment options for LMD resulting from primary lung, breast, and melanoma tumors. In addition, we summarize dosing strategies, overall survival, clinical outcomes, and novel approaches to treatment. RESULTS Our review indicates a deficiency in the current literature. Presently, intrathecal trastuzumab administration may be an effective option for patients with HER2-positive breast cancer. BRAF inhibitors and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 targets have shown promising results in LMD resulting from melanoma. Finally, tyrosine kinase inhibitors may increase overall survival in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutant non-small cell lung cancer. Pulsatile drug administration or dual therapy may be beneficial for patients who progress to LMD while being treated with EGFR targets for their primary malignancy. CONCLUSION Targeted molecular therapy and immunotherapy in LMD may provide favorable treatment options. Current literature is lacking in safety, efficacy, and overall response rates from the use of targeted therapy. Research is needed to draw significant conclusions about the most appropriate therapy for patients with LMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine Hall Thomas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ochsner Clinic Foundation, New Orleans, LA
- The University of Queensland School of Medicine, Ochsner Clinical School, New Orleans, LA
| | - Robert A. Ramirez
- The University of Queensland School of Medicine, Ochsner Clinical School, New Orleans, LA
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Ochsner Clinic Foundation, New Orleans, LA
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38
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Ide M, Koba S, Sueoka-Aragane N, Sato A, Nagano Y, Inoue T, Misago N, Narisawa Y, Kimura S, Sueoka E. Mutation Profile of B-Raf Gene Analyzed by fully Automated System and Clinical Features in Japanese Melanoma Patients. Pathol Oncol Res 2016; 23:181-188. [DOI: 10.1007/s12253-016-0121-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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39
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Amdahl J, Chen L, Delea TE. Network Meta-analysis of Progression-Free Survival and Overall Survival in First-Line Treatment of BRAF Mutation-Positive Metastatic Melanoma. Oncol Ther 2016; 4:239-256. [PMID: 28261653 PMCID: PMC5315084 DOI: 10.1007/s40487-016-0030-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The present study aimed to inform an economic evaluation of dabrafenib and trametinib combination as first-line treatment of metastatic melanoma in a Canadian setting. A network meta-analysis was conducted to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for progression-free survival (PFS)and overall survival (OS) of dabrafenib plus trametinib versus other first-line treatments of BRAF mutation-positive metastatic melanoma including dabrafenib, trametinib, vemurafenib, ipilimumab, and dacarbazine (DTIC). METHODS HRs for PFS and OS were from randomized controlled trials identified from systematic literature reviews. HRs for PFS and OS (adjusted for crossover as appropriate) were analyzed using multivariate and univariate Bayesian network meta-analysis. RESULTS In multivariate network-meta analyses (HRs for PFS and OS estimated simultaneously to account for the correlation of treatment effects on PFS and OS), HRs (95% credible interval) for PFS and OS favored dabrafenib plus trametinib [PFS: 0.23 (0.18-0.29) versus DTIC, 0.32 (0.24-0.42) versus ipilimumab plus DTIC, 0.52 (0.32-0.83) versus trametinib, 0.57 (0.48-0.69) versus vemurafenib, and 0.59 (0.50-0.71) versus dabrafenib]; OS [0.41 (0.29-0.56) versus DTIC, 0.52 (0.38-0.71) versus ipilimumab plus DTIC, 0.68 (0.47-0.95) versus trametinib, 0.69 (0.57-0.84) versus vemurafenib, and 0.72 (0.60-0.85) versus dabrafenib]. The beneficial effects on OS of dabrafenib plus trametinib versus ipilimumab plus DTIC and versus trametinib were attenuated when HRs were estimated using univariate network meta-analysis (HRs for PFS and OS estimated separately). CONCLUSION This analysis demonstrates improved PFS and OS with dabrafenib + trametinib versus dabrafenib, trametinib, vemurafenib, ipilimumab plus DTIC, and DTIC as first-line treatment for patients with BRAF mutation-positive metastatic melanoma. FUNDING Novartis Pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Amdahl
- Policy Analysis Inc. (PAI), 4 Davis Court, Brookline, MA 02445 USA
| | - Lei Chen
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ USA
| | - Thomas E Delea
- Policy Analysis Inc. (PAI), 4 Davis Court, Brookline, MA 02445 USA
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Mitchell B, Dhingra JK, Mahalingam M. BRAF and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition: Lessons From Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma and Primary Cutaneous Melanoma. Adv Anat Pathol 2016; 23:244-71. [PMID: 27145091 DOI: 10.1097/pap.0000000000000113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The increased prevalence of BRAF mutations in thyroid carcinoma and primary cutaneous melanoma (PCM) hint that dysregulation of BRAF might contribute to the noted association between PCM and thyroid carcinoma. A recent study evaluating the rate of BRAFV600E mutations among patients who had been diagnosed with primary papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and PCM showed that patients with either PCM or PTC were at an increased risk of developing the other as a second primary malignant neoplasm. Furthermore, the authors noted that samples from patients suffering from both malignancies exhibited a higher rate of incidence of the BRAFV600E mutation, compared with patients not suffering from both malignancies. These studies support the hypothesis that the pathogenesis of these 2 malignancies might share a conserved molecular pattern associated with dysregulation of the BRAF protein. One mechanism through which BRAF might contribute to PCM and thyroid carcinoma progression is through induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Specifically, the Snail/E-cadherin axis has been demonstrated as a pathway dysregulated by BRAF, leading to EMT in both malignancies. Our analysis focuses on the results of these recent investigations, and through a review of select molecules relevant to EMT, looks to provide a context by which to better understand the relevance and role of stromal-parenchymal signaling and the BRAF mutation in the pathogenesis of PTC and PCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendon Mitchell
- *University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL †Department of Otolaryngology, Tufts Medical center, Boston, MA ‡Dermatopathology Section, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, VA Consolidated Laboratories, West Roxbury, MA
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Ulivieri A, Cardillo G, Manente L, Paone G, Mancuso AP, Vigna L, Di Stasio E, Gasbarra R, Girlando S, Leone A. Molecular characterization of a selected cohort of patients affected by pulmonary metastases of malignant melanoma: Hints from BRAF, NRAS and EGFR evaluation. Oncotarget 2016; 6:19868-79. [PMID: 26305188 PMCID: PMC4637326 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Melanoma is highly curable in early stages but holds devastating consequences in advanced phases with a median survival of 6–10 months. Lungs are a common metastasis target, but despite this, limited data are available on the molecular status of pulmonary lesions. Materials and Methods 25 patients with surgically resected melanoma lung metastases were screened for BRAF, NRAS, CKIT and EGFR alterations. The results were correlated with time to lung metastasis (TLM), relapse-free survival after metastasectomy (RFS) and overall survival (OS). Results BRAF or NRAS were mutated in 52% and 20% of cases while CKIT was unaffected. Chromosome 7 polysomy was detected in 47% of cases with 17.5% showing EGFR amplification and concomitant BRAF mutation. NRAS mutated patients developed LM within 5 yrs from primary melanoma with larger lesions compared with BRAF (mean diameter 3.3 ± 2.2cm vs 1.9 ± 1.1cm, p = 0.2). NRAS was also associated with a shorter median RFS and OS after metastasectomy. Moreover, Cox regression analysis revealed that NRAS mutation was the only predictive factor of shorter survival from primary melanoma (p = 0.039, OR = 5.5 (1.1–27.6)). Conclusions Molecular characterization identifies advanced melanoma subgroups with distinct prognosis and therapeutic options. The presence of NRAS mutation was associated to a worse disease evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Ulivieri
- Anatomic Pathology Unit, San Camillo-Forlanini Hospitals, Rome, Italy.,Laboratory of Biomedical research "Fondazione Niccolò Cusano per la Ricerca Medico-Scientifica" Niccolò Cusano University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Liborio Manente
- Anatomic Pathology Unit, San Camillo-Forlanini Hospitals, Rome, Italy
| | - Gregorino Paone
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, San Camillo-Forlanini Hospitals, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Leonardo Vigna
- Department of Medical Oncology, San Camillo-Forlanini Hospitals, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Di Stasio
- Institute of Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Rita Gasbarra
- Anatomic Pathology Unit, San Camillo-Forlanini Hospitals, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Alvaro Leone
- Anatomic Pathology Unit, San Camillo-Forlanini Hospitals, Rome, Italy
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Lu H, Liu S, Zhang G, Kwong LN, Zhu Y, Miller JP, Hu Y, Zhong W, Zeng J, Wu L, Krepler C, Sproesser K, Xiao M, Xu W, Karakousis GC, Schuchter LM, Field J, Zhang PJ, Herlyn M, Xu X, Guo W. Oncogenic BRAF-Mediated Melanoma Cell Invasion. Cell Rep 2016; 15:2012-24. [PMID: 27210749 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.04.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Revised: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma patients with oncogenic BRAF(V600E) mutation have poor prognoses. While the role of BRAF(V600E) in tumorigenesis is well established, its involvement in metastasis that is clinically observed in melanoma patients remains a topic of debate. Here, we show that BRAF(V600E) melanoma cells have extensive invasion activity as assayed by the generation of F-actin and cortactin foci that mediate membrane protrusion, and degradation of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Inhibition of BRAF(V600E) blocks melanoma cell invasion. In a BRAF(V600E)-driven murine melanoma model or in patients' tumor biopsies, cortactin foci decrease upon inhibitor treatment. In addition, genome-wide expression analysis shows that a number of invadopodia-related genes are downregulated after BRAF(V600E) inhibition. Mechanistically, BRAF(V600E) induces phosphorylation of cortactin and the exocyst subunit Exo70 through ERK, which regulates actin dynamics and matrix metalloprotease secretion, respectively. Our results provide support for the role of BRAF(V600E) in metastasis and suggest that inhibiting invasion is a potential therapeutic strategy against melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hezhe Lu
- Department of Biology, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Shujing Liu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Gao Zhang
- Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program and Melanoma Research Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Lawrence N Kwong
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 770303, USA
| | - Yueyao Zhu
- Department of Biology, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - John P Miller
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 770303, USA
| | - Yi Hu
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Wenqun Zhong
- Department of Biology, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jingwen Zeng
- Department of Biology, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Lawrence Wu
- Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program and Melanoma Research Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Clemens Krepler
- Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program and Melanoma Research Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Katrin Sproesser
- Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program and Melanoma Research Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Min Xiao
- Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program and Melanoma Research Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Wei Xu
- Abramson Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Giorgos C Karakousis
- Department of Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Lynn M Schuchter
- Abramson Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jeffery Field
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Paul J Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Meenhard Herlyn
- Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program and Melanoma Research Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Xiaowei Xu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Biology, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Modelling Comparative Efficacy of Drugs with Different Survival Profiles: Ipilimumab, Vemurafenib and Dacarbazine in Advanced Melanoma. BioDrugs 2016; 30:307-19. [DOI: 10.1007/s40259-016-0178-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Pinheiro C, Miranda-Gonçalves V, Longatto-Filho A, Vicente ALSA, Berardinelli GN, Scapulatempo-Neto C, Costa RFA, Viana CR, Reis RM, Baltazar F, Vazquez VL. The metabolic microenvironment of melanomas: Prognostic value of MCT1 and MCT4. Cell Cycle 2016; 15:1462-70. [PMID: 27105345 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2016.1175258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BRAF mutations are known drivers of melanoma development and, recently, were also described as players in the Warburg effect, while this reprogramming of energy metabolism has been identified as a possible strategy for treating melanoma patients. Therefore, the aim of this work was to evaluate the expression and prognostic value of a panel of glycolytic metabolism-related proteins in a series of melanomas. The immunohistochemical expression of MCT1, MCT4, GLUT1, and CAIX was evaluated in 356 patients presenting melanoma and 20 patients presenting benign nevi. Samples included 20 benign nevi, 282 primary melanomas, 117 lymph node and 54 distant metastases samples. BRAF mutation was observed in 29/92 (31.5%) melanoma patients and 17/20 (85%) benign nevi samples. NRAS mutation was observed in 4/36 (11.1%) melanoma patients and 1/19 (5.3%) benign nevi samples. MCT4 and GLUT1 expression was significantly increased in metastatic samples, and MCT1, MCT4 and GLUT1 were significantly associated with poor prognostic variables. Importantly, MCT1 and MCT4 were associated with shorter overall survival. In conclusion, the present study brings new insights on metabolic aspects of melanoma, paving the way for the development of new-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Pinheiro
- a Barretos School of Health Sciences, Dr. Paulo Prata - FACISB , Barretos , São Paulo , Brazil.,b Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital , Barretos , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Vera Miranda-Gonçalves
- c Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho , Braga , Portugal.,d ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory , Braga/Guimarães , Portugal
| | - Adhemar Longatto-Filho
- b Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital , Barretos , São Paulo , Brazil.,c Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho , Braga , Portugal.,d ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory , Braga/Guimarães , Portugal.,e Laboratory of Medical Investigation (LIM-14), School of Medicine, University of São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Anna L S A Vicente
- b Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital , Barretos , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Gustavo N Berardinelli
- b Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital , Barretos , São Paulo , Brazil
| | | | - Ricardo F A Costa
- a Barretos School of Health Sciences, Dr. Paulo Prata - FACISB , Barretos , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Cristiano R Viana
- f Pathology Department , Barretos Cancer Hospital , Barretos , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Rui M Reis
- b Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital , Barretos , São Paulo , Brazil.,c Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho , Braga , Portugal.,d ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory , Braga/Guimarães , Portugal
| | - Fátima Baltazar
- c Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho , Braga , Portugal.,d ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory , Braga/Guimarães , Portugal
| | - Vinicius L Vazquez
- b Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital , Barretos , São Paulo , Brazil.,g Surgery Department , Melanoma/Sarcoma, Barretos Cancer Hospital , Barretos , São Paulo , Brazil
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Frauchiger AL, Mangana J, Rechsteiner M, Moch H, Seifert B, Braun RP, Dummer R, Goldinger SM. Prognostic relevance of lactate dehydrogenase and serum S100 levels in stage IV melanoma with known BRAF mutation status. Br J Dermatol 2016; 174:823-30. [PMID: 26659191 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.14347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Activating mutations of BRAF provide an important treatment target in patients with melanoma. The prognostic role of several biochemical markers in relation to mutation status is not clear. OBJECTIVES To analyse the prognostic significance of BRAF mutation in patients with melanoma and correlate it to different markers. METHODS In total, 162 patients with stage IV melanoma and known BRAF mutation status were included. Clinical, histopathological and laboratory information was collected and compared between patients with BRAF mutant (BRAFm) and wild-type (BRAFwt) melanoma at the time of first distant metastasis. RESULTS In total, 88 patients (54%) had BRAFm melanoma (V600E/V600K). At the first distant metastasis, S100B levels in BRAFm patients were more frequently elevated (P = 0·01) and significantly higher (P = 0·02). Median overall survival (mOS) was significantly longer in BRAFwt patients with normal compared with patients with elevated S100B levels (P < 0·01). In BRAFm melanoma, elevated S100B levels showed no prognostic influence (P = 0·18). Elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels had a significantly negative impact on mOS in both groups. mOS was increased for BRAFm patients treated with a BRAF inhibitor (BRAFi) compared with BRAFm patients not receiving BRAFi (P = 0·01). No difference in mOS between BRAFm patients who did not receive BRAFi treatment and BRAFwt patients was observed. CONCLUSIONS Better mOS was observed in BRAFm patients treated with BRAFi. BRAFm patients not treated with BRAFi show similar survival curves to BRAFwt patients. Elevated LDH is a BRAF-independent prognostic parameter; S100B has prognostic significance in BRAFwt melanoma only.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Frauchiger
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Gloriastrasse 31, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - J Mangana
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Gloriastrasse 31, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M Rechsteiner
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse 12, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - H Moch
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse 12, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - B Seifert
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, Department of Biostatistics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - R P Braun
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Gloriastrasse 31, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - R Dummer
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Gloriastrasse 31, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - S M Goldinger
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Gloriastrasse 31, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
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Clinicopathological characteristics and mutation profiling in primary cutaneous melanoma. Am J Dermatopathol 2016; 37:389-97. [PMID: 25357015 DOI: 10.1097/dad.0000000000000241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of mutations in malignant melanoma varies remarkably according to the subtype of melanoma, and this in itself is affected by racial and geographical factors. Studies screening melanoma case series for different types of mutations are relatively rare. METHOD The authors analyzed the frequency of various somatic point mutations of 10 genes in 106 primary cutaneous melanoma cases. The mutations (BRAF, NRAS, KIT, CDKN2A, KRAS, HRAS, PIK3CA, STK11, GNAQ, CTNNB1) were evaluated with real-time PCR-based PCR-Array through allele-specific amplification, and the results were correlated with various clinicopathological characteristics. RESULTS Mutations were found in 64.2% of the melanomas overall. BRAF (42.5%), NRAS (15.1%), and CDKN2A (13.2%) were the 3 most common mutations. BRAF and NRAS mutations were more frequent in nodular and superficial spreading melanomas (P < 0.001). Associations with BRAF mutation were as follows: male gender [odds ratio (OR) = 2.4], younger age (OR = 2.7), superficial spreading (OR = 15.6) and nodular melanoma (OR = 9.5), trunk localization (OR = 6.3), and intermittent sun exposure (OR = 4.6). A considerable percentage of V600K (44.4%) mutations were found among the BRAF mutations, whereas KIT mutations (3.8%) were less frequent. Multiple mutations were detected in 13.2% of the melanomas. The most common co-occurrences were in the BRAF, NRAS, and CDKN2A genes. CONCLUSIONS The authors analyzed 10 somatic mutations in the main subtypes of primary cutaneous melanomas from the western region of Turkey. Mutations were found in 64.2% of the melanomas overall. The most common mutations were in the BRAF and NRAS genes. In addition to other less common mutations, a notable number of multiple mutations were encountered. The multiplicity and concurrence of mutations in this study may provide further study areas for personalized targeted therapy.
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Carlino MS, Long GV, Kefford RF, Rizos H. Targeting oncogenic BRAF and aberrant MAPK activation in the treatment of cutaneous melanoma. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2015; 96:385-98. [PMID: 26358420 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2015.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2015] [Revised: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BRAF and MEK inhibitors, alone or in combination, are highly active in the 40% of patients with BRAF mutant metastatic melanoma. Despite this activity resistance often develops in patients treated with these agents. This review summarises the biology of the mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, with particular reference to the effects of BRAF and MEK inhibitors in BRAF mutant melanoma. The clinical and molecular predictors of response and mechanisms of resistance are discussed in detail along with the biological rationale and evidence for future treatment strategies in both MAPK inhibitor naïve and resistant BRAF mutant melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo S Carlino
- Departments of Medical Oncology, Crown Princess Mary Cancer Centre, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Centre for Cancer Research, Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia; Melanoma Institute Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; The Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Georgina V Long
- Melanoma Institute Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; The Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; The Mater Hospital, North Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Richard F Kefford
- Departments of Medical Oncology, Crown Princess Mary Cancer Centre, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Centre for Cancer Research, Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia; Melanoma Institute Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Macquarie University, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Helen Rizos
- Centre for Cancer Research, Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia; Melanoma Institute Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Macquarie University, New South Wales, Australia
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Riesenberg S, Groetchen A, Siddaway R, Bald T, Reinhardt J, Smorra D, Kohlmeyer J, Renn M, Phung B, Aymans P, Schmidt T, Hornung V, Davidson I, Goding CR, Jönsson G, Landsberg J, Tüting T, Hölzel M. MITF and c-Jun antagonism interconnects melanoma dedifferentiation with pro-inflammatory cytokine responsiveness and myeloid cell recruitment. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8755. [PMID: 26530832 PMCID: PMC4659938 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation promotes phenotypic plasticity in melanoma, a source of non-genetic heterogeneity, but the molecular framework is poorly understood. Here we use functional genomic approaches and identify a reciprocal antagonism between the melanocyte lineage transcription factor MITF and c-Jun, which interconnects inflammation-induced dedifferentiation with pro-inflammatory cytokine responsiveness of melanoma cells favouring myeloid cell recruitment. We show that pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α instigate gradual suppression of MITF expression through c-Jun. MITF itself binds to the c-Jun regulatory genomic region and its reduction increases c-Jun expression that in turn amplifies TNF-stimulated cytokine expression with further MITF suppression. This feed-forward mechanism turns poor peak-like transcriptional responses to TNF-α into progressive and persistent cytokine and chemokine induction. Consistently, inflammatory MITF(low)/c-Jun(high) syngeneic mouse melanomas recruit myeloid immune cells into the tumour microenvironment as recapitulated by their human counterparts. Our study suggests myeloid cell-directed therapies may be useful for MITF(low)/c-Jun(high) melanomas to counteract their growth-promoting and immunosuppressive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Riesenberg
- Unit for RNA Biology, Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Angela Groetchen
- Unit for RNA Biology, Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Robert Siddaway
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Headington, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Tobias Bald
- Laboratory for Experimental Dermatology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Julia Reinhardt
- Unit for RNA Biology, Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Denise Smorra
- Unit for RNA Biology, Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Judith Kohlmeyer
- Laboratory for Experimental Dermatology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Marcel Renn
- Laboratory for Experimental Dermatology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Bengt Phung
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Barngatan 2B, Lund 221 85, Sweden
| | - Pia Aymans
- Laboratory for Experimental Dermatology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Tobias Schmidt
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University Hospital, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Veit Hornung
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University Hospital, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Irwin Davidson
- Department of Functional Genomics and Cancer, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS/INSERM/ULP, 1 Rue Laurent Fries, Illkirch Cédex 67404, France
| | - Colin R Goding
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Headington, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Göran Jönsson
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Barngatan 2B, Lund 221 85, Sweden
| | - Jennifer Landsberg
- Laboratory for Experimental Dermatology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Thomas Tüting
- Laboratory for Experimental Dermatology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Hölzel
- Unit for RNA Biology, Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany
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Keller M, Ebstein F, Bürger E, Textoris-Taube K, Gorny X, Urban S, Zhao F, Dannenberg T, Sucker A, Keller C, Saveanu L, Krüger E, Rothkötter HJ, Dahlmann B, Henklein P, Voigt A, Kuckelkorn U, Paschen A, Kloetzel PM, Seifert U. The proteasome immunosubunits, PA28 and ER-aminopeptidase 1 protect melanoma cells from efficient MART-126-35 -specific T-cell recognition. Eur J Immunol 2015; 45:3257-68. [PMID: 26399368 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201445243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Revised: 08/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The immunodominant MART-1(26(27)-35) epitope, liberated from the differentiation antigen melanoma antigen recognized by T cells/melanoma antigen A (MART-1/Melan-A), has been frequently targeted in melanoma immunotherapy, but with limited clinical success. Previous studies suggested that this is in part due to an insufficient peptide supply and epitope presentation, since proteasomes containing the immunosubunits β5i/LMP7 (LMP, low molecular weight protein) or β1i/LMP2 and β5i/LMP7 interfere with MART-1(26-35) epitope generation in tumor cells. Here, we demonstrate that in addition the IFN-γ-inducible proteasome subunit β2i/MECL-1 (multicatalytic endopeptidase complex-like 1), proteasome activator 28 (PA28), and ER-resident aminopeptidase 1 (ERAP1) impair MART-1(26-35) epitope generation. β2i/MECL-1 and PA28 negatively affect C- and N-terminal cleavage and therefore epitope liberation from the proteasome, whereas ERAP1 destroys the MART-1(26-35) epitope by overtrimming activity. Constitutive expression of PA28 and ERAP1 in melanoma cells indicate that both interfere with MART-1(26-35) epitope generation even in the absence of IFN-γ. In summary, our results provide first evidence that activities of different antigen-processing components contribute to an inefficient MART-1(26-35) epitope presentation, suggesting the tumor cell's proteolytic machinery might have an important impact on the outcome of epitope-specific immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Keller
- Institut für Biochemie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Frédéric Ebstein
- Institut für Biochemie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Elke Bürger
- Institut für Biochemie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Xenia Gorny
- Institut für Molekulare und Klinische Immunologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Sabrina Urban
- Institut für Biochemie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Fang Zhao
- Klinik für Dermatologie, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Essen and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Tanja Dannenberg
- Klinik für Dermatologie, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Essen and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Antje Sucker
- Klinik für Dermatologie, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Essen and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Christin Keller
- Institut für Biochemie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Elke Krüger
- Institut für Biochemie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hermann-Josef Rothkötter
- Institut für Anatomie, Medizinische Fakultät, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Burkhardt Dahlmann
- Institut für Biochemie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Petra Henklein
- Institut für Biochemie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Antje Voigt
- Institut für Biochemie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Institut für Biochemie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrike Kuckelkorn
- Institut für Biochemie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Annette Paschen
- Klinik für Dermatologie, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Essen and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Ulrike Seifert
- Institut für Biochemie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Institut für Molekulare und Klinische Immunologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
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50
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Mangana J, Cheng PF, Schindler K, Weide B, Held U, Frauchiger AL, Romano E, Kähler KC, Rozati S, Rechsteiner M, Moch H, Michielin O, Garbe C, Hauschild A, Hoeller C, Dummer R, Goldinger SM. Analysis of BRAF and NRAS Mutation Status in Advanced Melanoma Patients Treated with Anti-CTLA-4 Antibodies: Association with Overall Survival? PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139438. [PMID: 26426340 PMCID: PMC4591284 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Ipilimumab and tremelimumab are human monoclonal antibodies (Abs) against cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4). Ipilimumab was the first agent to show a statistically significant benefit in overall survival in advanced melanoma patients. Currently, there is no proven association between the BRAFV600 mutation and the disease control rate in response to ipilimumab. This analysis was carried out to assess if BRAFV600 and NRAS mutation status affects the clinical outcome of anti-CTLA-4-treated melanoma patients. This is a retrospective multi-center analysis of 101 patients, with confirmed BRAF and NRAS mutation status, treated with anti-CTLA-4 antibodies from December 2006 until August 2012. The median overall survival, defined from the treatment start date with the anti-CTLA-4. Abs-treatment to death or till last follow up, of BRAFV600 or NRAS mutant patients (n = 62) was 10.12 months (95% CI 6.78–13.2) compared to 8.26 months (95% CI 6.02–19.9) in BRAFV600/NRASwt subpopulation (n = 39) (p = 0.67). The median OS of NRAS mutated patients (n = 24) was 12.1 months and although was prolonged compared to the median OS of BRAF mutated patients (n = 38, mOS = 8.03 months) or BRAFV600/NRASwt patients (n = 39, mOS = 8.26 months) the difference didn’t reach statistical significance (p = 0.56). 69 patients were able to complete 4 cycles of anti-CTLA-4 treatment. Of the 24 patients treated with selected BRAF- or MEK-inhibitors, 16 patients received anti-CTLA 4 Abs following either a BRAF or MEK inhibitor with only 8 of them being able to finish 4 cycles of treatment. Based on our results, there is no difference in the median OS in patients treated with anti-CTLA-4 Abs implying that the BRAF/NRAS mutation status alone is not sufficient to predict the outcome of patients treated with anti-CTLA-4 Abs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Mangana
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Phil F. Cheng
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Katja Schindler
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Benjamin Weide
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ulrike Held
- Horten Centre for Patient Oriented Research and Knowledge Transfer, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anna L. Frauchiger
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Katharina C. Kähler
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Sima Rozati
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States of America
| | - Markus Rechsteiner
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Holger Moch
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Claus Garbe
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Axel Hauschild
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Christoph Hoeller
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Reinhard Dummer
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- * E-mail: (RD); (SMG)
| | - Simone M. Goldinger
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- * E-mail: (RD); (SMG)
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