1
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Supino D, Minute L, Mariancini A, Riva F, Magrini E, Garlanda C. Negative Regulation of the IL-1 System by IL-1R2 and IL-1R8: Relevance in Pathophysiology and Disease. Front Immunol 2022; 13:804641. [PMID: 35211118 PMCID: PMC8861086 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.804641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is a primary cytokine of innate immunity and inflammation. IL-1 belongs to a complex family including ligands with agonist activity, receptor antagonists, and an anti-inflammatory cytokine. The receptors for these ligands, the IL-1 Receptor (IL-1R) family, include signaling receptor complexes, decoy receptors, and negative regulators. Agonists and regulatory molecules co-evolved, suggesting the evolutionary relevance of a tight control of inflammatory responses, which ensures a balance between amplification of innate immunity and uncontrolled inflammation. IL-1 family members interact with innate immunity cells promoting innate immunity, as well as with innate and adaptive lymphoid cells, contributing to their differentiation and functional polarization and plasticity. Here we will review the properties of two key regulatory receptors of the IL-1 system, IL-1R2, the first decoy receptor identified, and IL-1R8, a pleiotropic regulator of different IL-1 family members and co-receptor for IL-37, the anti-inflammatory member of the IL-1 family. Their complex impact in pathology, ranging from infections and inflammatory responses, to cancer and neurologic disorders, as well as clinical implications and potential therapeutic exploitation will be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Supino
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Luna Minute
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Science, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Italy
| | - Andrea Mariancini
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Science, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Italy
| | - Federica Riva
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Magrini
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Cecilia Garlanda
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Science, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Italy
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2
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Bose M, Grover P, Sanders AJ, Zhou R, Ahmad M, Shwartz S, Lala P, Nath S, Yazdanifar M, Brouwer C, Mukherjee P. Overexpression of MUC1 Induces Non-Canonical TGF-β Signaling in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:821875. [PMID: 35237602 PMCID: PMC8883581 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.821875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is one of the most lethal human cancers. Transforming Growth Factor Beta (TGF-β) is a cytokine that switches from a tumor-suppressor at early stages to a tumor promoter in the late stages of tumor development, by yet unknown mechanisms. Tumor associated MUC1 is aberrantly glycosylated and overexpressed in >80% of PDAs and is associated with poor prognosis. MUC1 expression is found in the early stages of PDA development with subsequent increase in later stages. Analysis of human PDA samples from TCGA database showed significant differences in gene expression and survival profiles between low and high MUC1 samples. Further, high MUC1 expression was found to positively correlate to TGF-βRII expression and negatively correlate to TGF-βRI expression in PDA cell lines. We hypothesized that MUC1 overexpression induces TGF-β mediated non-canonical signaling pathways which is known to be associated with poor prognosis. In this study, we report that MUC1 overexpression in PDA cells directly activates the JNK pathway in response to TGF-β, and leads to increased cell viability via up-regulation and stabilization of c-Myc. Conversely, in low MUC1 expressing PDA cells, TGF-β preserves its tumor-suppressive function and inhibits phosphorylation of JNK and stabilization of c-Myc. Knockdown of MUC1 in PDA cells also results in decreased phosphorylation of JNK and c-Myc in response to TGF-β treatment. Taken together, the results indicate that overexpression of MUC1 plays a significant role in switching the TGF-β function from a tumor-suppressor to a tumor promoter by directly activating JNK. Lastly, we report that high-MUC1 PDA tumors respond to TGF-β neutralizing antibody in vivo showing significantly reduced tumor growth while low-MUC1 tumors do not respond to TGF-β neutralizing antibody further confirming our hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukulika Bose
- Department of Biological Sciences, UNC Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, United States
| | - Priyanka Grover
- Department of Biological Sciences, UNC Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, United States
| | - Alexa J Sanders
- Department of Bioinformatics, UNC Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, United States
| | - Ru Zhou
- Department of Biological Sciences, UNC Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, United States
| | - Mohammad Ahmad
- Department of Biological Sciences, UNC Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, United States
| | - Sophia Shwartz
- Department of Biological Sciences, UNC Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, United States
| | - Priyanka Lala
- Department of Biological Sciences, UNC Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, United States
| | - Sritama Nath
- Department of Biological Sciences, UNC Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, United States
| | | | - Cory Brouwer
- Department of Bioinformatics, UNC Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, United States
| | - Pinku Mukherjee
- Department of Biological Sciences, UNC Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, United States
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3
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IL-1R2 expression in human gastric cancer and its clinical significance. Biosci Rep 2021; 41:228069. [PMID: 33704402 PMCID: PMC8011276 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20204425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Interleukin-1 receptor type II (IL-1R2), also known as
CD121b, is a member of the IL-1 receptor family. IL-1R2 acts as negative
regulator of the IL-1 system, modulating IL-1 availability for the signaling
receptor. IL-1R2 is abnormally expressed in many human inflammatory diseases and
cancers, and has important clinical significance. The present study was designed
to investigate IL-1R2 expression in human gastric cancer (GC) tissues and the
associated clinical implications. Methods: Immunohistochemistry was
used to identify the clinical significance and prognostic value of IL-1R2
expression in GC tissues. We investigated IL-1R2 expression in GC tissues,
cells, and serum using real-time PCR (RT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent
assay (ELISA) assays. Results: IL-1R2 was highly expressed in GC
tissues, and the overall survival in patients with advanced GC and high IL-1R2
expression was significantly poorer than that in patients with advanced GC and
low IL-1R2 expression. Moreover, IL-1R2 mRNA levels in GC
tissues and most GC cells were higher than those in para-cancer tissues and GES1
human gastric mucosal epithelial cells. The level of plasma-soluble IL-1R2 in GC
patients was higher than that of the healthy control group.
Conclusion: Increased IL-1R2 levels are involved in the
initiation and progression of human GC, and IL-1R2 might be employed to develop
immunotherapeutic approaches targeting GC.
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4
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Yan S, Fang J, Zhu Y, Xie Y, Fang F. Comprehensive analysis of prognostic immune-related genes associated with the tumor microenvironment of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:366. [PMID: 33133266 PMCID: PMC7590433 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.12228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a malignant tumor with a specific tumor immune microenvironment (TIME). Therefore, investigating prognostic immune-related genes (IRGs) that are closely associated with TIME to predict PDAC clinical outcomes is necessary. In the present study, 459 samples of PDAC from the Genotype-Tissue Expression database, The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) were included and a survival-associated module was identified using weighted gene co-expression network analysis. Based on the Cox regression analysis and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator analysis, four IRGs (2′-5′-oligoadenylate synthetase 1, MET proto-oncogene, receptor tyrosine kinase, interleukin 1 receptor type 2 and interleukin 20 receptor subunit β) were included in the prognostic model to calculate the risk score (RS), and patients with PDAC were divided into high- and low-RS groups. Kaplan-Meier survival and receiver operating characteristic curve analyses demonstrated that the low-RS group had significantly improved survival conditions compared with the high-RS group in TCGA training set. The prognostic function of the model was also validated using ICGC and GEO cohorts. To investigate the mechanism of different overall survival between the high- and low-RS groups, the present study included Estimation of Stromal and Immune Cells in Malignant Tumor Tissues Using Expression Data and Cell Type Identification by Estimating Relative Subset of Known RNA Transcripts algorithms to investigate the state of the tumor microenvironment and immune infiltration inpatients in the cohort from TCGA. In summary, four genes associated with the TIME of PDAC were identified, which may provide a reference for clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shibai Yan
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Juntao Fang
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Yuanqiang Zhu
- Department of Infertility and Sexual Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Yong Xie
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, P.R. China
| | - Feng Fang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, P.R. China
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5
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Khatri I, Bhasin MK. A Transcriptomics-Based Meta-Analysis Combined With Machine Learning Identifies a Secretory Biomarker Panel for Diagnosis of Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma. Front Genet 2020; 11:572284. [PMID: 33133160 PMCID: PMC7511758 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.572284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is generally incurable due to the late diagnosis and absence of markers that are concordant with expression in several sample sources (i.e., tissue, blood, plasma) and platforms (i.e., Microarray, sequencing). We optimized meta-analysis of 19 PDAC (tissue and blood) transcriptome studies from multiple platforms. The key biomarkers for PDAC diagnosis with secretory potential were identified and validated in different cohorts. Machine learning approach i.e., support vector machine supported by leave-one-out cross-validation was used to build and test the classifier. We identified a 9-gene panel (IFI27, ITGB5, CTSD, EFNA4, GGH, PLBD1, HTATIP2, IL1R2, CTSA) that achieved ∼0.92 average sensitivity and ∼0.90 average specificity in distinguishing PDAC from healthy samples in five training sets using cross-validation. These markers were also validated in proteomics and single-cell transcriptomics studies suggesting their prognostic role in the diagnosis of PDAC. Our 9-gene classifier can not only clearly discriminate between better and poor survivors but can also precisely discriminate PDAC from chronic pancreatitis (AUC = 0.95), early stages of progression [Stage I and II (AUC = 0.82), IPMA and IPMN (AUC = 1), and IPMC (AUC = 0.81)]. The 9-gene marker outperformed the previously known markers in blood studies particularly (AUC = 0.84). The discrimination of PDAC from early precursor lesions in non-malignant tissue (AUC > 0.81) and peripheral blood (AUC > 0.80) may assist in an early diagnosis of PDAC in blood samples and thus will also facilitate risk stratification upon validation in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indu Khatri
- Division of IMBIO, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Lahey Health, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Immunology and Leiden Computational Biology Center, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Manoj K Bhasin
- Division of IMBIO, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Lahey Health, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics and Biomedical Informatics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
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6
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Liu J, Yang Y, Li H, Liu Y, Sun Y, Wu J, Xiong Z, Jin T. IL1R2 Polymorphisms are Associated with Increased Risk of Esophageal Cancer. Curr Mol Med 2019; 20:379-387. [PMID: 31744444 DOI: 10.2174/1566524019666191025091204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Esophageal cancer (EC) is the sixth leading cause of cancer death worldwide, and the overall incidence is increasing. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms in IL1R2 and EC risk in the Chinese population. METHODS Genotyping of six SNPs of IL1R2 was performed with the Agena MassARRAY platform from 384 EC and 499 controls. The association between polymorphisms and EC risk was assessed by performing genetics models and haplotype analyses. RESULTS Overall analysis results showed that the allele C of rs11674595 (odds ratio [OR] = 1.42, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.14-1.77, p = 0.002) and allele G of rs2072472 (allele: OR = 1.35, 95% CI: 1.08-1.69, p = 0.008) were associated with an increased EC risk. The rs11674595 and rs2072472 were found to be correlated with EC risk under the codominant, dominant, and additive models. Stratification analysis found that rs11674595 and rs2072472 were associated with increased EC risk in male and in age > 55 years old subgroup. In addition, Crs11674595Grs4851527 haplotype was significantly associated with 1.44-fold increased risk of EC (95% CI: 1.12-1.84, p = 0.004). CONCLUSION Our results reveal the significant association between SNPs (rs11674595 and rs2072472) in the IL1R2 and EC risk in the Chinese Han population. The findings may provide meaningful reference for the prevention and treatment of EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yonghui Yang
- Clinical Laboratory, Xi'an 630 Hospital, Yanliang, Xi'an 710089, Shaanxi, China
| | - Haiyue Li
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuanwei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiamin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zichao Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tianbo Jin
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi, China
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7
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Wang C, Zhang C, Xu J, Li Y, Wang J, Liu H, Liu Y, Chen Z, Lin H. Association between IL-1R2 polymorphisms and lung cancer risk in the Chinese Han population: A case-control study. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2019; 7:e644. [PMID: 30895747 PMCID: PMC6503014 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin-1 receptor 2 (IL-1R2), as an anti-inflammatory cytokine, is involved in the pathogenesis and progression of lung cancer. However, the role of IL-1R2 polymorphisms in patients with lung cancer has yet to be fully elucidated. METHODS Six single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in IL-1R2 were genotyped in 259 patients and 346 healthy controls. We used the chi-squared test, genetic model analysis, Haploview analysis, and multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR) to evaluate the potential association between IL-1R2 polymorphisms and lung cancer susceptibility. Bioinformatics analyses were conducted to analyze the expression level of IL-1R2 and its association with the overall survival of lung cancer. RESULTS Our results found that rs3218977-GG was associated with a decreased risk of lung cancer (odds ratio [OR] = 0.39; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.17-0.87; p = 0.023), and rs2072472 had a significant risk-increasing effect in the dominant model (AG + GG vs. AA: OR = 1.54; 95% CI: 1.09-2.20; p = 0.015). The MDR model also revealed that rs2072472 is the most influential risk factor of lung cancer (testing accuracy = 0.543; cross-validation consistency = 10/10; p = 0.032). In addition, our results indicated that the IL-1R2 mRNA level was downregulated in lung cancer patients, whereas the high expression of IL-1R2 was related to a poor prognosis in lung cancer. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that genetic variants of IL-1R2 may play a role in lung cancer susceptibility. Further population and functional validations of our findings are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoying Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Chengsheng Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Junnv Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Yongfu Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Nursing, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Anatomy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Yueli Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Zhong Chen
- Hainan Provincial Third People's Hospital, Sanya, China
| | - Haifeng Lin
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
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8
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Molgora M, Supino D, Mantovani A, Garlanda C. Tuning inflammation and immunity by the negative regulators IL-1R2 and IL-1R8. Immunol Rev 2018; 281:233-247. [PMID: 29247989 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-1 receptor family members (ILRs) and Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs) are key players in immunity and inflammation and are tightly regulated at different levels. Most cell types, including cells of the innate and adaptive immune system express ILRs and TLRs. In addition, IL-1 family members are emerging as key players in the differentiation and function of innate and adaptive lymphoid cells. IL-1R2 and IL-1R8 (also known as TIR8 or SIGIRR) are members of the ILR family acting as negative regulators of the IL-1 system. IL-1R2 binds IL-1 and the accessory protein IL-1RAcP without activating signaling and can be released as a soluble form (sIL-1R2), thus modulating IL-1 availability for the signaling receptor. IL-1R8 dampens ILR- and TLR-mediated cell activation and it is a component of the receptor recognizing human IL-37. Here, we summarize our current understanding of the structure and function of IL-1R2 and IL-1R8, focusing on their role in different pathological conditions, ranging from infectious and sterile inflammation, to autoimmunity and cancer-related inflammation. We also address the emerging evidence regarding the role of IL-1R8 as a crucial checkpoint molecule in NK cells in anti-cancer and antiviral activity and the potential therapeutic implications of IL-1R8 blockade in specific pathological contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Molgora
- Department of Inflammation and Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Domenico Supino
- Department of Inflammation and Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Alberto Mantovani
- Department of Inflammation and Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Italy.,Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele (Milano), Italy.,The William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Cecilia Garlanda
- Department of Inflammation and Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Italy.,Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele (Milano), Italy
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9
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Yang Z, Li D, Liu Z, Miao X, Yang L, Zou Q, Yuan Y. BIRC7 and KLF4 expression in benign and malignant lesions of pancreas and their clinicopathological significance. Cancer Biomark 2017; 17:437-444. [PMID: 27802195 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-160660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the KLF4 and BIRC7 protein expression in malignant and benign pancreatic tissues by immunohistochemical staining and the clinical and pathological significance of KLF4 and BIRC7 expression in PDAC. KLF4 expression was significantly lower, whereas BIRC7 expression was significantly higher in PDAC than that in peritumoral tissue, benign pancreatic lesions, and normal pancreatic tissue (P < 0.01). The percentage of positive BIRC7 and negative KLF4 expression was significantly lower in PDAC patients with well differentiated tumors, maximum tumor size < 3 cm, no lymph node metastasis, no invasion to the surrounding tissues and organs, and TNM stage I/II stage disease than in patients with poorly differentiated tumor, maximum tumor size > 5 cm, lymph node metastasis, invasion to surrounding tissues and organs, and TNM stage III/IV disease (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the differentiation, maximum tumor size, TNM stage, lymph node metastasis, invasion, negative KLF4 expression, and positive BIRC7 expression were significantly associated with the short survival of patients with PDAC (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Cox multivariate analysis revealed that positive BIRC7 expression and negative KLF4 expression were independent poor prognosis factors in PDAC patients. In conclusions, positive BIRC7 expression and negative KLF4 expression are associated with the progression of PDAC and poor prognosis in patients with PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhulin Yang
- Research Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Daiqiang Li
- Department of Pathology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ziru Liu
- Research Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiongying Miao
- Research Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Leping Yang
- Research Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qiong Zou
- Department of Pathology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Department of Pathology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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10
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Werner K, Lademann F, Thepkaysone ML, Jahnke B, Aust DE, Kahlert C, Weber G, Weitz J, Grützmann R, Pilarsky C. Simultaneous gene silencing of KRAS and anti-apoptotic genes as a multitarget therapy. Oncotarget 2016; 7:3984-92. [PMID: 26716649 PMCID: PMC4826184 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the most lethal tumor types worldwide and an effective therapy is still elusive. Targeted therapy focused against a specific alteration is by definition unable to attack broad pathway signaling modification. Tumor heterogeneity will render targeted therapies ineffective based on the regrowth of cancer cell sub-clones. Therefore multimodal therapy strategies, targeting signaling pathways simultaneously should improve treatment. SiRNAs against KRAS and the apoptosis associated genes BCLXL, FLIP, MCL1L, SURVIVIN and XIAP were transfected into human and murine pancreatic cancer cell lines. Induction of apoptosis was measured by Caspase 3/7 activation, subG1 FACS analysis and PARP cleavage. The therapeutic approach was tested in a subcutaneous allograft model with a murine cancer cell line. By using siRNAs as a systematic approach to remodel signal transduction in pancreatic cancer the results showed increasing inhibition of proliferation and apoptosis induction in vitro and in vivo. Thus, siRNAs are suitable to model multimodal therapy against signaling pathways in pancreatic cancer. Improvements in in vivo delivery of siRNAs against a multitude of targets might therefore be a potential therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Werner
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Franziska Lademann
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - May-Linn Thepkaysone
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Beatrix Jahnke
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Daniela E Aust
- Institute of Pathology, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Christoph Kahlert
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Georg Weber
- Department of Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Weitz
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Robert Grützmann
- Department of Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christian Pilarsky
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
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11
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Bonecchi R, Garlanda C, Mantovani A, Riva F. Cytokine decoy and scavenger receptors as key regulators of immunity and inflammation. Cytokine 2016; 87:37-45. [PMID: 27498604 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2016.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
IL-1R2 was the first decoy receptor to be described. Subsequently receptors which act as pure decoys or scavengers or trigger dampening of cytokine signaling have been described for cytokines and chemokines. Here we review the current understanding of the mode of action and significance in pathology of the chemokine atypical receptor ACKR2, the IL-1 decoy receptor IL-1R2 and the atypical IL-1 receptor family IL-1R8. Decoy and scavenger receptors with no or atypical signaling have emerged as a general strategy conserved in evolution to tune the action of cytokines, chemokines and growth factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Bonecchi
- Istituto Clinico Humanitas IRCCS, via Manzoni 113, 20089 Rozzano, Italy; Humanitas University, via Manzoni 113, 20089 Rozzano, Italy
| | - Cecilia Garlanda
- Istituto Clinico Humanitas IRCCS, via Manzoni 113, 20089 Rozzano, Italy
| | - Alberto Mantovani
- Istituto Clinico Humanitas IRCCS, via Manzoni 113, 20089 Rozzano, Italy; Humanitas University, via Manzoni 113, 20089 Rozzano, Italy.
| | - Federica Riva
- Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Italy
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12
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Mar AC, Chu CH, Lee HJ, Chien CW, Cheng JJ, Yang SH, Jiang JK, Lee TC. Interleukin-1 Receptor Type 2 Acts with c-Fos to Enhance the Expression of Interleukin-6 and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A in Colon Cancer Cells and Induce Angiogenesis. J Biol Chem 2015. [PMID: 26209639 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.644823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-1 receptor type 2 (IL1R2) acts as a decoy receptor of exogenous IL-1; however, its intracellular activity is poorly understood. We previously demonstrated that IL1R2 intracellularly activates the expression of several proinflammatory cytokines and affects cell migration. In this study, we found that intracellular IL1R2 expression was increased in human colorectal cancer cells (CRCs) compared with normal colon cells. We also observed that the mRNA levels of IL1R2 were highly correlated with IL-6 in tumor tissues of CRC patients. By modulating its expression in CRC cells, we verified that enhanced IL1R2 expression transcriptionally activated the expression of IL-6 and VEGF-A. Conditioned medium harvested from IL1R2-overexpressing CRC cells contained higher levels of IL-6 and VEGF-A than that from vector control cells and significantly enhanced the proliferation, migration, and tube formation of cultured endothelial cells. We further demonstrated a positive association of intracellular IL1R2 levels with tumor growth and microvessel density in xenograft mouse models. These results revealed that IL1R2 activates the expression of angiogenic factors. Mechanistically, we revealed that IL1R2 complexes with c-Fos and binds to the AP-1 site at the IL-6 and VEGF-A promoters. Together, these results reveal a novel function of intracellular IL1R2 that acts with c-Fos to enhance the transcription of IL-6 and VEGF-A, which promotes angiogenesis in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Chung Mar
- From the Taiwan International Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang-Ming University and Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan, the Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ho Chu
- the Institute of Pharmacology and the Department of Surgery, Koo Foundation, Sun Yat-Sen Cancer Center, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ju Lee
- the Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wen Chien
- the Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Jy Cheng
- the National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei 11221, Taiwan, and
| | - Shung-Haur Yang
- the Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11221, Taiwan the School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Jeng-Kai Jiang
- the Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11221, Taiwan the School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Te-Chang Lee
- the Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan,
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13
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Liu X, Min L, Duan H, Shi R, Zhang W, Hong S, Tu C. Short hairpin RNA (shRNA) of type 2 interleukin-1 receptor (IL1R2) inhibits the proliferation of human osteosarcoma U-2 OS cells. Med Oncol 2014; 32:364. [DOI: 10.1007/s12032-014-0364-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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14
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Guven-Maiorov E, Acuner-Ozbabacan SE, Keskin O, Gursoy A, Nussinov R. Structural pathways of cytokines may illuminate their roles in regulation of cancer development and immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2014; 6:663-83. [PMID: 24670367 PMCID: PMC4074797 DOI: 10.3390/cancers6020663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Revised: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytokines are messengers between tissues and the immune system. They play essential roles in cancer initiation, promotion, metastasis, and immunotherapy. Structural pathways of cytokine signaling which contain their interactions can help understand their action in the tumor microenvironment. Here, our aim is to provide an overview of the role of cytokines in tumor development from a structural perspective. Atomic details of protein-protein interactions can help in understanding how an upstream signal is transduced; how higher-order oligomerization modes of proteins can influence their function; how mutations, inhibitors or antagonists can change cellular consequences; why the same protein can lead to distinct outcomes, and which alternative parallel pathways can take over. They also help to design drugs/inhibitors against proteins de novo or by mimicking natural antagonists as in the case of interferon-γ. Since the structural database (PDB) is limited, structural pathways are largely built from a series of predicted binary protein-protein interactions. Below, to illustrate how protein-protein interactions can help illuminate roles played by cytokines, we model some cytokine interaction complexes exploiting a powerful algorithm (PRotein Interactions by Structural Matching-PRISM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Emine Guven-Maiorov
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics and College of Engineering, Koc University, Rumelifeneri Yolu, 34450 Sariyer Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Saliha Ece Acuner-Ozbabacan
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics and College of Engineering, Koc University, Rumelifeneri Yolu, 34450 Sariyer Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Ozlem Keskin
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics and College of Engineering, Koc University, Rumelifeneri Yolu, 34450 Sariyer Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Attila Gursoy
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics and College of Engineering, Koc University, Rumelifeneri Yolu, 34450 Sariyer Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Ruth Nussinov
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
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15
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Gaykalova DA, Mambo E, Choudhary A, Houghton J, Buddavarapu K, Sanford T, Darden W, Adai A, Hadd A, Latham G, Danilova LV, Bishop J, Li RJ, Westra WH, Hennessey P, Koch WM, Ochs MF, Califano JA, Sun W. Novel insight into mutational landscape of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. PLoS One 2014; 9:e93102. [PMID: 24667986 PMCID: PMC3965530 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0093102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is characterized by accumulation of mutations in several oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. We have formerly described the mutation pattern of HNSCC and described NOTCH signaling pathway alterations. Given the complexity of the HNSCC, here we extend the previous study to understand the overall HNSCC mutation context and to discover additional genetic alterations. We performed high depth targeted exon sequencing of 51 highly actionable cancer-related genes with a high frequency of mutation across many cancer types, including head and neck. DNA from primary tumor tissues and matched normal tissues was analyzed for 37 HNSCC patients. We identified 26 non-synonymous or stop-gained mutations targeting 11 of 51 selected genes. These genes were mutated in 17 out of 37 (46%) studied HNSCC patients. Smokers harbored 3.2-fold more mutations than non-smokers. Importantly, TP53 was mutated in 30%, NOTCH1 in 8% and FGFR3 in 5% of HNSCC. HPV negative patients harbored 4-fold more TP53 mutations than HPV positive patients. These data confirm prior reports of the HNSCC mutational profile. Additionally, we detected mutations in two new genes, CEBPA and FES, which have not been previously reported in HNSCC. These data extend the spectrum of HNSCC mutations and define novel mutation targets in HNSCC carcinogenesis, especially for smokers and HNSCC without HPV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria A. Gaykalova
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Will Darden
- Asuragen Inc., Austin, Texas, United States of America
| | - Alex Adai
- Asuragen Inc., Austin, Texas, United States of America
| | - Andrew Hadd
- Asuragen Inc., Austin, Texas, United States of America
| | - Gary Latham
- Asuragen Inc., Austin, Texas, United States of America
| | - Ludmila V. Danilova
- Department of Oncology and Health Science Informatics, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Justin Bishop
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ryan J. Li
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - William H. Westra
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Patrick Hennessey
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Wayne M. Koch
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Michael F. Ochs
- Department of Oncology and Health Science Informatics, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Joseph A. Califano
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Milton J. Dance Head and Neck Center, Greater Baltimore Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail: (WS); (JAC)
| | - Wenyue Sun
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail: (WS); (JAC)
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16
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Abstract
The IL-1 family of ligands and receptors has a central role in both innate and adaptive immune responses and is tightly controlled by antagonists, decoy receptors, scavengers, dominant negative molecules, miRNAs and other mechanisms, acting extracellularly or intracellularly. During evolution, the development of multiple mechanisms of negative regulation reveals the need for tight control of the biological consequences of IL-1 family ligands in order to balance local and systemic inflammation and limit immunopathology. Indeed, studies with gene targeted mice for negative regulators and genetic studies in humans provide evidence for their non-redundant role in controlling inflammation, tissue damage and adaptive responses. In addition, studies have revealed the need of negative regulation of the IL-1 family not only in disease, but also in homeostatic conditions. In this review, the negative regulation mediated by decoy receptors are presented and include IL-1R2 and IL-IL-18BP as well as atypical receptors, which include TIR8/SIGIRR, IL-1RAcPb, TIGIRR-1 and IL-1RAPL. Particular emphasis is given to IL-1R2, since its discovery is the basis for the formulation of the decoy paradigm, now considered a general strategy to counter the primary inflammatory activities of cytokines and chemokines. Emphasis is also given to TIR8, a prototypical negative regulatory receptor having non-redundant roles in limiting inflammation and adaptive responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Garlanda
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Department of Inflammation and Immunology, Rozzano, Italy.
| | - Federica Riva
- Department of Veterinary Science and Public Health, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Eduardo Bonavita
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Department of Inflammation and Immunology, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Alberto Mantovani
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Department of Inflammation and Immunology, Rozzano, Italy; Department of Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Rozzano (Milano), Italy
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17
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Kang BH, Jensen KJ, Hatch JA, Janes KA. Simultaneous profiling of 194 distinct receptor transcripts in human cells. Sci Signal 2013; 6:rs13. [PMID: 23921087 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2003624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Many signal transduction cascades are initiated by transmembrane receptors with the presence or absence and abundance of receptors dictating cellular responsiveness. We provide a validated array of quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) reagents for high-throughput profiling of the presence and relative abundance of transcripts for 194 transmembrane receptors in the human genome. We found that the qRT-PCR array had greater sensitivity and specificity for the detected receptor transcript profiles compared to conventional oligonucleotide microarrays or exon microarrays. The qRT-PCR array also distinguished functional receptor presence versus absence more accurately than deep sequencing of adenylated RNA species by RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). By applying qRT-PCR-based receptor transcript profiling to 40 human cell lines representing four main tissues (pancreas, skin, breast, and colon), we identified clusters of cell lines with enhanced signaling capabilities and revealed a role for receptor silencing in defining tissue lineage. Ectopic expression of the interleukin-10 (IL-10) receptor-encoding gene IL10RA in melanoma cells engaged an IL-10 autocrine loop not otherwise present in this cell type, which altered signaling, gene expression, and cellular responses to proinflammatory stimuli. Our array provides a rapid, inexpensive, and convenient means for assigning a receptor signature to any human cell or tissue type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byong H Kang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
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18
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Garlanda C, Riva F, Bonavita E, Gentile S, Mantovani A. Decoys and Regulatory "Receptors" of the IL-1/Toll-Like Receptor Superfamily. Front Immunol 2013; 4:180. [PMID: 23847621 PMCID: PMC3705552 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 06/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the IL-1 family play a key role in innate and adaptive immunity and in the pathogenesis of diverse diseases. Members of IL-1R like receptor (ILR) family include signaling molecules and negative regulators. The latter include decoy receptors (IL-1RII; IL-18BP) and “receptors” with regulatory function (TIR8/SIGIRR; IL-1RAcPb; DIGIRR). Structural considerations suggest that also TIGIRR-1 and IL-1RAPL may have regulatory function. The presence of multiple pathways of negative regulation of members of the IL-1/IL-1R family emphasizes the need for a tight control of members of this fundamental system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Garlanda
- Department of Inflammation and Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center , Rozzano , Italy
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19
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Zheng Y, Humphry M, Maguire JJ, Bennett MR, Clarke MCH. Intracellular interleukin-1 receptor 2 binding prevents cleavage and activity of interleukin-1α, controlling necrosis-induced sterile inflammation. Immunity 2013; 38:285-95. [PMID: 23395675 PMCID: PMC3659285 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2013.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2012] [Accepted: 01/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Necrosis can induce profound inflammation or be clinically silent. However, the mechanisms underlying such tissue specificity are unknown. Interleukin-1α (IL-1α) is a key danger signal released upon necrosis that exerts effects on both innate and adaptive immunity and is considered to be constitutively active. In contrast, we have shown that necrosis-induced IL-1α activity is tightly controlled in a cell type-specific manner. Most cell types examined expressed a cytosolic IL-1 receptor 2 (IL-1R2) whose binding to pro-IL-1α inhibited its cytokine activity. In cell types exhibiting a silent necrotic phenotype, IL-1R2 remained associated with pro-IL-1α. Cell types possessing inflammatory necrotic phenotypes either lacked IL-1R2 or had activated caspase-1 before necrosis, which degraded and dissociated IL-1R2 from pro-IL-1α. Full IL-1α activity required cleavage by calpain after necrosis, which increased its affinity for IL-1 receptor 1. Thus, we report a cell type-dependent process that fundamentally governs IL-1α activity postnecrosis and the mechanism allowing conditional release of this blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zheng
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
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20
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Kelder T, van Iersel MP, Hanspers K, Kutmon M, Conklin BR, Evelo CT, Pico AR. WikiPathways: building research communities on biological pathways. Nucleic Acids Res 2011; 40:D1301-7. [PMID: 22096230 PMCID: PMC3245032 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkr1074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 372] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we describe the development of WikiPathways (http://www.wikipathways.org), a public wiki for pathway curation, since it was first published in 2008. New features are discussed, as well as developments in the community of contributors. New features include a zoomable pathway viewer, support for pathway ontology annotations, the ability to mark pathways as private for a limited time and the availability of stable hyperlinks to pathways and the elements therein. WikiPathways content is freely available in a variety of formats such as the BioPAX standard, and the content is increasingly adopted by external databases and tools, including Wikipedia. A recent development is the use of WikiPathways as a staging ground for centrally curated databases such as Reactome. WikiPathways is seeing steady growth in the number of users, page views and edits for each pathway. To assess whether the community curation experiment can be considered successful, here we analyze the relation between use and contribution, which gives results in line with other wiki projects. The novel use of pathway pages as supplementary material to publications, as well as the addition of tailored content for research domains, is expected to stimulate growth further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Kelder
- Department of Bioinformatics-BiGCaT, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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21
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Tahira AC, Kubrusly MS, Faria MF, Dazzani B, Fonseca RS, Maracaja-Coutinho V, Verjovski-Almeida S, Machado MCC, Reis EM. Long noncoding intronic RNAs are differentially expressed in primary and metastatic pancreatic cancer. Mol Cancer 2011; 10:141. [PMID: 22078386 PMCID: PMC3225313 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-10-141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2011] [Accepted: 11/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is known by its aggressiveness and lack of effective therapeutic options. Thus, improvement in current knowledge of molecular changes associated with pancreatic cancer is urgently needed to explore novel venues of diagnostics and treatment of this dismal disease. While there is mounting evidence that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) transcribed from intronic and intergenic regions of the human genome may play different roles in the regulation of gene expression in normal and cancer cells, their expression pattern and biological relevance in pancreatic cancer is currently unknown. In the present work we investigated the relative abundance of a collection of lncRNAs in patients' pancreatic tissue samples aiming at identifying gene expression profiles correlated to pancreatic cancer and metastasis. Methods Custom 3,355-element spotted cDNA microarray interrogating protein-coding genes and putative lncRNA were used to obtain expression profiles from 38 clinical samples of tumor and non-tumor pancreatic tissues. Bioinformatics analyses were performed to characterize structure and conservation of lncRNAs expressed in pancreatic tissues, as well as to identify expression signatures correlated to tissue histology. Strand-specific reverse transcription followed by PCR and qRT-PCR were employed to determine strandedness of lncRNAs and to validate microarray results, respectively. Results We show that subsets of intronic/intergenic lncRNAs are expressed across tumor and non-tumor pancreatic tissue samples. Enrichment of promoter-associated chromatin marks and over-representation of conserved DNA elements and stable secondary structure predictions suggest that these transcripts are generated from independent transcriptional units and that at least a fraction is under evolutionary selection, and thus potentially functional. Statistically significant expression signatures comprising protein-coding mRNAs and lncRNAs that correlate to PDAC or to pancreatic cancer metastasis were identified. Interestingly, loci harboring intronic lncRNAs differentially expressed in PDAC metastases were enriched in genes associated to the MAPK pathway. Orientation-specific RT-PCR documented that intronic transcripts are expressed in sense, antisense or both orientations relative to protein-coding mRNAs. Differential expression of a subset of intronic lncRNAs (PPP3CB, MAP3K14 and DAPK1 loci) in metastatic samples was confirmed by Real-Time PCR. Conclusion Our findings reveal sets of intronic lncRNAs expressed in pancreatic tissues whose abundance is correlated to PDAC or metastasis, thus pointing to the potential relevance of this class of transcripts in biological processes related to malignant transformation and metastasis in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C Tahira
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-900, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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22
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Schürks M, Buring JE, Ridker PM, Chasman DI, Kurth T. Genetic determinants of cardiovascular events among women with migraine: a genome-wide association study. PLoS One 2011; 6:e22106. [PMID: 21779381 PMCID: PMC3136515 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0022106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2011] [Accepted: 06/17/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Migraine is associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Both migraine and CVD are highly heritable. However, the genetic liability for CVD among migraineurs is unclear. Methods We performed a genome-wide association study for incident CVD events during 12 years of follow-up among 5,122 migraineurs participating in the population-based Women's Genome Health Study. Migraine was self-reported and CVD events were confirmed after medical records review. We calculated odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) and considered a genome-wide p-value <5×10−8 as significant. Results Among the 5,122 women with migraine 164 incident CVD events occurred during follow-up. No SNP was associated with major CVD, ischemic stroke, myocardial infarction, or CVD death at the genome-wide level; however, five SNPs showed association with p<5×10−6. Among migraineurs with aura rs7698623 in MEPE (OR = 6.37; 95% CI 3.15–12.90; p = 2.7×10−7) and rs4975709 in IRX4 (OR = 5.06; 95% CI 2.66–9.62; p = 7.7×10−7) appeared to be associated with ischemic stroke, rs2143678 located close to MDF1 with major CVD (OR = 3.05; 95% CI 1.98–4.69; p = 4.3×10−7), and the intergenic rs1406961 with CVD death (OR = 12.33; 95% CI 4.62–32.87; p = 5.2×10−7). Further, rs1047964 in BACE1 appeared to be associated with CVD death among women with any migraine (OR = 4.67; 95% CI 2.53–8.62; p = 8.0×10−7). Conclusion Our results provide some suggestion for an association of five SNPs with CVD events among women with migraine; none of the results was genome-wide significant. Four associations appeared among migraineurs with aura, two of those with ischemic stroke. Although our population is among the largest with migraine and incident CVD information, these results must be treated with caution, given the limited number of CVD events among women with migraine and the low minor allele frequencies for three of the SNPs. Our results await independent replication and should be considered hypothesis generating for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Schürks
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.
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23
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Röder C, Trauzold A, Kalthoff H. Impact of death receptor signaling on the malignancy of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Eur J Cell Biol 2011; 90:450-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2010.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2010] [Accepted: 10/13/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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Rückert F, Aust D, Böhme I, Werner K, Brandt A, Diamandis EP, Krautz C, Hering S, Saeger HD, Grützmann R, Pilarsky C. Five primary human pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell lines established by the outgrowth method. J Surg Res 2011; 172:29-39. [PMID: 21683373 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2011.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2011] [Revised: 03/22/2011] [Accepted: 04/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is an aggressive tumor; treatment remains a challenge because of the lack of effective therapeutic strategies. Basic research in this field is dependent on the availability of model systems. New pancreatic cancer cell lines are therefore important for the study of its biology. In the present study, we report the establishment and characterization of five new pancreatic cancer cell lines (PaCaDD-43, -60, -119, -135, -137). MATERIAL AND METHODS All cell lines were derived from pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas by the Dresden outgrowth protocol. The five cell lines originated from primary pancreatic tumors, lymph node metastases, or malignant pleural effusions. We characterized the cell lines by examining their morphology and their cytostructural and functional profiles. RESULTS All cell lines grew as adherent monolayers and were cultured in optimized Dresden-medium. The doubling time ranged from 22 to 47 h. v-Ki-ras2 Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) mutations were detected in four of the five cell lines. KRAS mutations were identical between each primary tumor and the cell line derived from it. Immunohistochemical staining showed cytoplasmic expression of CK8/18, mostly membrane and partially cytoplasmic expression of E-cadherin and strong expression of ezrin in all cell lines. Three cell lines showed nuclear p53 accumulation and heterogeneous expression of vimentin. SMAD4 was heterogeneously expressed in four of the cell lines. CONCLUSIONS We were able to establish five new primary pancreatic carcinoma cell lines. As applicable tools for basic research, these cell lines might contribute to a better understanding and treatment of this aggressive tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Rückert
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic, and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany.
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Samm N, Werner K, Rückert F, Saeger HD, Grützmann R, Pilarsky C. The role of apoptosis in the pathology of pancreatic cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2010; 3:1-16. [PMID: 24212603 PMCID: PMC3756346 DOI: 10.3390/cancers3010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2010] [Revised: 12/14/2010] [Accepted: 12/21/2010] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a disease with high resistance to most common therapies and therefore has a poor prognosis, which is partly due to a lack of reaction to apoptotic stimuli. Signal transduction of such stimuli includes a death receptor-mediated extrinsic pathway as well as an intrinsic pathway linked to the mitochondria. Defects in apoptotic pathways and the deregulation of apoptotic proteins, such as Survivin, Bcl-2, Bcl-xL and Mcl-1, play decisive roles in the development of pancreatic cancer. Investigation of the molecular mechanism allowing tumors to resist apoptotic cell death would lead to an improved understanding of the physiology and the development of new molecular strategies in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Samm
- Department of Visceral-, Thoracic-and Vascular-Surgery, University Hospital Dresden, Dresden, Germany; E-Mails: (N.S.); (K.W.); (F.R.); (H.D.S.); (R.G.)
| | - Kristin Werner
- Department of Visceral-, Thoracic-and Vascular-Surgery, University Hospital Dresden, Dresden, Germany; E-Mails: (N.S.); (K.W.); (F.R.); (H.D.S.); (R.G.)
| | - Felix Rückert
- Department of Visceral-, Thoracic-and Vascular-Surgery, University Hospital Dresden, Dresden, Germany; E-Mails: (N.S.); (K.W.); (F.R.); (H.D.S.); (R.G.)
| | - Hans Detlev Saeger
- Department of Visceral-, Thoracic-and Vascular-Surgery, University Hospital Dresden, Dresden, Germany; E-Mails: (N.S.); (K.W.); (F.R.); (H.D.S.); (R.G.)
| | - Robert Grützmann
- Department of Visceral-, Thoracic-and Vascular-Surgery, University Hospital Dresden, Dresden, Germany; E-Mails: (N.S.); (K.W.); (F.R.); (H.D.S.); (R.G.)
| | - Christian Pilarsky
- Department of Visceral-, Thoracic-and Vascular-Surgery, University Hospital Dresden, Dresden, Germany; E-Mails: (N.S.); (K.W.); (F.R.); (H.D.S.); (R.G.)
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