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Cochin M, Driouich JS, Moureau G, Piorkowski G, de Lamballerie X, Nougairède A. In vivo rescue of arboviruses directly from subgenomic DNA fragments. Emerg Microbes Infect 2024; 13:2356140. [PMID: 38742328 PMCID: PMC11133884 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2024.2356140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Reverse genetic systems are mainly used to rescue recombinant viral strains in cell culture. These tools have also been used to generate, by inoculating infectious clones, viral strains directly in living animals. We previously developed the "Infectious Subgenomic Amplicons" (ISA) method, which enables the rescue of single-stranded positive sense RNA viruses in vitro by transfecting overlapping subgenomic DNA fragments. Here, we provide proof-of-concept for direct in vivo generation of infectious particles following the inoculation of subgenomic amplicons. First, we rescued a strain of tick-borne encephalitis virus in mice to transpose the ISA method in vivo. Subgenomic DNA fragments were amplified using a 3-fragment reverse genetics system and inoculated intramuscularly. Almost all animals were infected when quantities of DNA inoculated were at least 20 µg. We then optimized our procedure in order to increase the animal infection rate. This was achieved by adding an electroporation step and/or using a simplified 2- fragment reverse genetics system. Under optimal conditions, a large majority of animals were infected with doses of 20 ng of DNA. Finally, we demonstrated the versatility of this method by applying it to Japanese encephalitis and Chikungunya viruses. This method provides an efficient strategy for in vivo rescue of arboviruses. Furthermore, in the context of the development of DNA-launched live attenuated vaccines, this new approach may facilitate the generation of attenuated strains in vivo. It also enables to deliver a substance free of any vector DNA, which seems to be an important criterion for the development of human vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Cochin
- Unité des Virus Émergents, UVE: Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | | | - Grégory Moureau
- Unité des Virus Émergents, UVE: Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | | | | | - Antoine Nougairède
- Unité des Virus Émergents, UVE: Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
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2
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Saba Villarroel PM, Chaiphongpachara T, Nurtop E, Laojun S, Pangpoo-Nga T, Songhong T, Supungul D, Baronti C, Thirion L, Leaungwutiwong P, de Lamballerie X, Missé D, Wichit S. Seroprevalence study in humans and molecular detection in Rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus in Thailand. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13397. [PMID: 38862576 PMCID: PMC11167008 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64242-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) is an emerging tick-borne virus with a mortality rate of up to 30%. First identified in China in 2009, it was later reported in other Asian countries, including Thailand in 2020. SFTSV has been detected in several tick species, including Rhipicephalus sanguineus, known for infesting dogs. We conducted a seroprevalence study of SFTSV in Bangkok and Nong Khai, Thailand, by analyzing 1162 human samples collected between 2019 and 2023. The testing method relied on IgG detection using ELISA and confirmed though a virus seroneutralization test. The results indicated that out of the participants, 12 (1.1%) tested positive for anti-SFTSV IgG antibodies; however, none exhibited positive results in the seroneutralization assay. Additionally, molecular detection of SFTSV, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF), Coxiella spp., Bartonella spp., and Rickettsia spp. was performed on 433 Rh. sanguineus ticks collected from 49 dogs in 2023 in Chachoengsao Province, Thailand. No evidence of these pathogens was found in ticks. These findings highlight the importance of exploring viral cross-reactivity. Furthermore, it is important to conduct additional studies to isolate SFTSV from animals and ticks in order to identify the potential transmission routes contributing to human and animal infections in Thailand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Mariela Saba Villarroel
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
- Viral Vector Joint Unit and Joint Laboratory, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Tanawat Chaiphongpachara
- Department of Public Health and Health Promotion, College of Allied Health Sciences, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University, Samut Songkhram, Thailand
| | - Elif Nurtop
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille Univ-IRD 190- Inserm 1207), Marseille, France
| | - Sedthapong Laojun
- Department of Public Health and Health Promotion, College of Allied Health Sciences, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University, Samut Songkhram, Thailand
| | | | - Thanaphon Songhong
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
- Viral Vector Joint Unit and Joint Laboratory, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Dolruethai Supungul
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
- Viral Vector Joint Unit and Joint Laboratory, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Cécile Baronti
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille Univ-IRD 190- Inserm 1207), Marseille, France
| | - Laurence Thirion
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille Univ-IRD 190- Inserm 1207), Marseille, France
| | - Pornsawan Leaungwutiwong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Xavier de Lamballerie
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille Univ-IRD 190- Inserm 1207), Marseille, France
| | - Dorothée Missé
- MIVEGEC, CNRS, IRD, Univ. Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Sineewanlaya Wichit
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand.
- Viral Vector Joint Unit and Joint Laboratory, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand.
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3
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Dähnert L, Aliabadi E, Fast C, Hrabal I, Schröder C, Behrendt P, Protzer U, Groschup MH, Eiden M. Immunisation of pigs with recombinant HEV vaccines does not protect from infection with HEV genotype 3. One Health 2024; 18:100674. [PMID: 39010962 PMCID: PMC11247267 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2023.100674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a major cause of acute viral hepatitis worldwide. Up to now, no approved treatment nor a globally licensed vaccine is available. Several recombinant HEV vaccines have been developed to protect against HEV infection in humans, including the commercially available Hecolin vaccine, which are mainly based on HEV genotype 1. However, the efficacy of these vaccines against other HEV genotypes, especially genotype 3 is unknown. In this study, we evaluated the protective efficacy of Hecolin® and a novel genotype 3-based vaccine p239(gt3) against HEV-3 in a pig infection model. Pigs were divided into three groups: one group was vaccinated with Hecolin®, the second group was vaccinated with p239(gt3), and the control group received no vaccine. All pigs were subsequently challenged with HEV genotype 3 to assess the effectiveness of the vaccines. Although all immunised animals developed a high titer of neutralizing antibodies, the results showed that both vaccine applications could not provide complete protection against HEV (gt3) infection: Two out of four animals of the Hecolin® group displayed even virus shedding, and viral RNA could be detected in bile and/or liver of three out of four animals in both vaccination groups. Only one out of four animals in each group was fully protected. Neither Hecolin® nor the novel p239(gt3) vaccine provided sufficient protection against genotype 3 infection. While Hecolin® only partial protected pigs from HEV shedding, the novel p239(gt3) vaccine was at least able to prevent infected pigs from virus shedding. The results highlight the need for further development of HEV vaccines that exhibit broad protection against multiple HEV genotypes and the use of appropriate animal infection models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Dähnert
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald - Isle of Riems, Germany
| | - Elmira Aliabadi
- TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research GmbH, Hannover, Germany
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (Helmholtz-Zentrum für Infektionsforschung GmbH), Braunschweig, Germany
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christine Fast
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald - Isle of Riems, Germany
| | - Isabella Hrabal
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald - Isle of Riems, Germany
| | - Charlotte Schröder
- Department of Experimental Animal Facilities and Biorisk Management, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Südufer 10, Greifswald-Insel Riems 17493, Germany
| | - Patrick Behrendt
- TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research GmbH, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ulrike Protzer
- Institute of Virology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich / Helmholtz Munich, Munich, Germany
- Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems and Munich, German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Greifswald-Insel Riems 17493, Germany
| | - Martin H. Groschup
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald - Isle of Riems, Germany
- Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems and Munich, German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Greifswald-Insel Riems 17493, Germany
| | - Martin Eiden
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald - Isle of Riems, Germany
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Kiwan P, Masse S, Piorkowski G, Ayhan N, Gasparine M, Vial L, Charrel RN, de Lamballerie X, Falchi A. Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus in Ticks Collected from Cattle, Corsica, France, 2023. Emerg Infect Dis 2024; 30:1036-1039. [PMID: 38666687 PMCID: PMC11060454 DOI: 10.3201/eid3005.231742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
We report the detection of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) in Corsica, France. We identified CCHFV African genotype I in ticks collected from cattle at 2 different sites in southeastern and central-western Corsica, indicating an established CCHFV circulation. Healthcare professionals and at-risk groups should be alerted to CCHFV circulation in Corsica.
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5
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Naskalska A, Heddle JG. Virus-like particles derived from bacteriophage MS2 as antigen scaffolds and RNA protective shells. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2024; 19:1103-1115. [PMID: 38629576 PMCID: PMC11225317 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2023-0362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The versatile potential of bacteriophage MS2-derived virus-like particles (VLPs) in medical biotechnology has been extensively studied during the last 30 years. Since the first reports showing that MS2 VLPs can be produced at high yield and relatively easily engineered, numerous applications have been proposed. Particular effort has been spent in developing MS2 VLPs as protective capsules and delivery platforms for diverse molecules, such as chemical compounds, proteins and nucleic acids. Among these, two are particularly noteworthy: as scaffolds displaying heterologous epitopes for vaccine development and as capsids for encapsulation of foreign RNA. In this review, we summarize the progress in developing MS2 VLPs for these two areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonina Naskalska
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, 30-392, Poland
| | - Jonathan Gardiner Heddle
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, 30-392, Poland
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
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Jaramillo D, Busby BP, Bestbier M, Bennett P, Waddington Z. New Zealand rickettsia-like organism and Tenacibaculum maritimum vaccine efficacy study. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2024; 47:e13883. [PMID: 37975241 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
A cohort of Chinook salmon juveniles was vaccinated, with an autogenous bivalent vaccine against New Zealand RLOs (NZ-RLO1) and Tenacibaculum maritimum. A proportion of the cohort was not vaccinated to act as controls. At smoltification, the fish were challenged with NZ-RLO1, NZ-RLO2, or T. maritimum. We found that challenge with T. maritimum by immersion in (7.5 × 105 cfu/mL of water) did not yield any pathology. Challenge with RLOs produced clinical signs that were more or less severe depending on the challenge route, dose or vaccination status. Survival was significantly higher for vaccinated fish within the groups challenged with NZ-RLO1 by intraperitoneal injection with a relative percent survival (RPS) of 48.84%. Survival was not significantly different between vaccinated and non-vaccinated fish for groups challenged with NZ-RLO2 by intraperitoneal injection or by NZ-RLO1 by immersion. Yet, anecdotally the clinical disease presentation (manifesting as haemorrhagic, ulcerative skin lesions) was more severe for the non-vaccinated fish. This study demonstrates that autogenous vaccine against NZ-RLO is protective against severe disease and death by NZ-RLO1 challenge which warrants implementation and further evaluation under field conditions. Yet, this study also highlights the importance of the route of administration and dose when evaluating pathogenicity and vaccine efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Jaramillo
- Biosecurity New Zealand, Ministry for Primary Industries, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - B P Busby
- Animal Health Laboratory, Ministry for Primary Industries, Upper Hutt, New Zealand
| | - M Bestbier
- Animal Health Laboratory, Ministry for Primary Industries, Upper Hutt, New Zealand
| | - P Bennett
- Animal Health Laboratory, Ministry for Primary Industries, Upper Hutt, New Zealand
| | - Z Waddington
- New Zealand King Salmon Ltd, Picton, New Zealand
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7
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Louboutin L, Cabon J, Beven V, Hirchaud E, Blanchard Y, Morin T. Characterization of a New Toti-like Virus in Sea Bass, Dicentrarchus labrax. Viruses 2023; 15:2423. [PMID: 38140664 PMCID: PMC10748352 DOI: 10.3390/v15122423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The European sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax is the main species reared in Mediterranean aquaculture. Its larval stage, which is very sensitive and highly affected by sanitary and environmental conditions, is particularly scrutinized in hatcheries. Recently, a Mediterranean sea bass farm had to deal with an abnormal increase in mortality, especially between 20 and 35 days post-hatching (dph). Biological investigations led to the observation of cytopathic effects on three different fish cell lines after almost 3 weeks of culture at 14 °C in contact with homogenized affected larvae, suggesting the presence of a viral agent. High-throughput sequencing revealed a 6818-nucleotide-long RNA genome with six putative ORFs, corresponding to the organization of viruses belonging to the Totiviridae family. This genome clustered with the newly described and suggested Pistolvirus genus, sharing 45.5% to 37.2% nucleotide identity with other piscine toti-like viruses such as Cyclopterus lumpus toti-like virus (CLuTLV) or piscine myocarditis virus (PMCV), respectively. Therefore, we propose to name this new viral agent sea bass toti-like virus (SBTLV). Specific real-time RT-PCR confirmed the presence of the viral genome in the affected larval homogenate from different production batches and the corresponding cell culture supernatant. Experimental infections performed on sea bass fingerlings did not induce mortality, although the virus could be detected in various organs and a specific immune response was developed. Additional studies are needed to understand the exact involvement of this virus in the mortality observed in hatcheries and the potential associated cofactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lénaïg Louboutin
- Unité Virologie, Immunologie et Écotoxicologie des Poissons, Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort, National Infrastructure Emerg’In, Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire de l’Alimentation, de l’Environnement et du Travail (ANSES), 29280 Plouzané, France; (L.L.); (J.C.)
| | - Joëlle Cabon
- Unité Virologie, Immunologie et Écotoxicologie des Poissons, Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort, National Infrastructure Emerg’In, Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire de l’Alimentation, de l’Environnement et du Travail (ANSES), 29280 Plouzané, France; (L.L.); (J.C.)
| | - Véronique Beven
- Unité Génétique virale et biosécurité, Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort, Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire de l’Alimentation, de l’Environnement et du Travail (ANSES), 22440 Ploufragan, France; (V.B.); (E.H.)
| | - Edouard Hirchaud
- Unité Génétique virale et biosécurité, Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort, Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire de l’Alimentation, de l’Environnement et du Travail (ANSES), 22440 Ploufragan, France; (V.B.); (E.H.)
| | - Yannick Blanchard
- Unité Génétique virale et biosécurité, Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort, Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire de l’Alimentation, de l’Environnement et du Travail (ANSES), 22440 Ploufragan, France; (V.B.); (E.H.)
| | - Thierry Morin
- Unité Virologie, Immunologie et Écotoxicologie des Poissons, Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort, National Infrastructure Emerg’In, Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire de l’Alimentation, de l’Environnement et du Travail (ANSES), 29280 Plouzané, France; (L.L.); (J.C.)
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Goloshchapov OV, Shchukina OB, Kusakin AV, Tsai VV, Kalinin RS, Eismont YA, Glotov OS, Chukhlovin AB. Next-Generation Sequencing-Based Monitoring of Intestinal Bacteria and Bacteriophages Following Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Pathogens 2023; 12:1438. [PMID: 38133321 PMCID: PMC10745900 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12121438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) are associated with persistent intestinal dysfunction preceded by gut bacterial dysbiosis. There are limited data on intestinal bacteriophages in these conditions. The aim of the present work was to detect associations between dominant intestinal bacteria by means of 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and some clinically significant viruses detected with a customized primer panel for NGS-based study. The clinical group included patients with Crohn's disease (IBD, n = 9), or GVHD (n = 6) subjected to fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) from healthy donors. The stool specimens were taken initially, and 5 times post-FMT until day 120. Using NGS approach, we have found a higher abundance of Proteobacterota phylum in GVHD, especially, at later terms post-FMT. Moreover, we found an early increase of Klebsiella and E. coli/Shigella abundance in GVHD, along with decreased relative content of Faecalibacterium. Upon evaluation of intestinal phageome, the relative amount of Caudoviricetes class was higher in GVHD. A significant correlation was found between Proteobacteria and Caudoviricetes, thus suggesting their association during the post-FMT period. Moreover, the relative amounts of five Caudoviricetes phage species showed distinct correlations with Klebsiella and Enterococcus ratios at different terms of FMT. In conclusion, parallel use of 16S rRNA gene sequencing and targeted NGS viral panel is a feasible and useful option for tracing specific viral strains in fecal microbiota. The developed array of viral primers may be extended to detect other phages infecting the clinically relevant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg V. Goloshchapov
- R.M. Gorbacheva Memorial Institute of Oncology, Hematology and Transplantation, Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, 197022 St. Petersburg, Russia; (O.B.S.); (A.B.C.)
| | - Oksana B. Shchukina
- R.M. Gorbacheva Memorial Institute of Oncology, Hematology and Transplantation, Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, 197022 St. Petersburg, Russia; (O.B.S.); (A.B.C.)
| | - Aleksey V. Kusakin
- Pediatric Research and Clinical Center for Infectious Diseases, 197022 St. Petersburg, Russia; (A.V.K.); (R.S.K.); (Y.A.E.); (O.S.G.)
| | | | - Roman S. Kalinin
- Pediatric Research and Clinical Center for Infectious Diseases, 197022 St. Petersburg, Russia; (A.V.K.); (R.S.K.); (Y.A.E.); (O.S.G.)
- Serbalab Laboratory, 199106 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Yury A. Eismont
- Pediatric Research and Clinical Center for Infectious Diseases, 197022 St. Petersburg, Russia; (A.V.K.); (R.S.K.); (Y.A.E.); (O.S.G.)
- Serbalab Laboratory, 199106 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Oleg S. Glotov
- Pediatric Research and Clinical Center for Infectious Diseases, 197022 St. Petersburg, Russia; (A.V.K.); (R.S.K.); (Y.A.E.); (O.S.G.)
| | - Alexei B. Chukhlovin
- R.M. Gorbacheva Memorial Institute of Oncology, Hematology and Transplantation, Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, 197022 St. Petersburg, Russia; (O.B.S.); (A.B.C.)
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Cordonin C, Gomard Y, Monadjem A, Schoeman MC, Le Minter G, Lagadec E, Gudo ES, Goodman SM, Dellagi K, Mavingui P, Tortosa P. Ancestral African Bats Brought Their Cargo of Pathogenic Leptospira to Madagascar under Cover of Colonization Events. Pathogens 2023; 12:859. [PMID: 37513706 PMCID: PMC10385254 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12070859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Madagascar is home to an extraordinary diversity of endemic mammals hosting several zoonotic pathogens. Although the African origin of Malagasy mammals has been addressed for a number of volant and terrestrial taxa, the origin of their hosted zoonotic pathogens is currently unknown. Using bats and Leptospira infections as a model system, we tested whether Malagasy mammal hosts acquired these infections on the island following colonization events, or alternatively brought these bacteria from continental Africa. We first described the genetic diversity of pathogenic Leptospira infecting bats from Mozambique and then tested through analyses of molecular variance (AMOVA) whether the genetic diversity of Leptospira hosted by bats from Mozambique, Madagascar and Comoros is structured by geography or by their host phylogeny. This study reveals a wide diversity of Leptospira lineages shed by bats from Mozambique. AMOVA strongly supports that the diversity of Leptospira sequences obtained from bats sampled in Mozambique, Madagascar, and Comoros is structured according to bat phylogeny. Presented data show that a number of Leptospira lineages detected in bat congeners from continental Africa and Madagascar are imbedded within monophyletic clades, strongly suggesting that bat colonists have indeed originally crossed the Mozambique Channel while infected with pathogenic Leptospira.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colette Cordonin
- Unité Mixte de Recherche PIMIT "Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical", Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 9192, Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale 1187, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement 249, Université de La Réunion, Plateforme de Recherche CYROI, 97490 Sainte Clotilde, Réunion
| | - Yann Gomard
- Unité Mixte de Recherche PIMIT "Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical", Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 9192, Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale 1187, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement 249, Université de La Réunion, Plateforme de Recherche CYROI, 97490 Sainte Clotilde, Réunion
| | - Ara Monadjem
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Eswatini, Private Bag 4, Kwaluseni M202, Eswatini
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Mammal Research Institute, University of Pretoria, Private Bag 20, Hatfield 0028, South Africa
| | - M Corrie Schoeman
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Gildas Le Minter
- Unité Mixte de Recherche PIMIT "Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical", Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 9192, Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale 1187, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement 249, Université de La Réunion, Plateforme de Recherche CYROI, 97490 Sainte Clotilde, Réunion
| | - Erwan Lagadec
- Unité Mixte de Recherche PIMIT "Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical", Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 9192, Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale 1187, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement 249, Université de La Réunion, Plateforme de Recherche CYROI, 97490 Sainte Clotilde, Réunion
| | | | - Steven M Goodman
- Negaunee Integrative Research Center, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL 60605, USA
- Association Vahatra, BP 3972, Antananarivo 101, Madagascar
| | - Koussay Dellagi
- Unité Mixte de Recherche PIMIT "Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical", Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 9192, Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale 1187, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement 249, Université de La Réunion, Plateforme de Recherche CYROI, 97490 Sainte Clotilde, Réunion
| | - Patrick Mavingui
- Unité Mixte de Recherche PIMIT "Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical", Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 9192, Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale 1187, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement 249, Université de La Réunion, Plateforme de Recherche CYROI, 97490 Sainte Clotilde, Réunion
| | - Pablo Tortosa
- Unité Mixte de Recherche PIMIT "Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical", Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 9192, Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale 1187, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement 249, Université de La Réunion, Plateforme de Recherche CYROI, 97490 Sainte Clotilde, Réunion
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10
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Colson P, Penant G, Delerce J, Boschi C, Wurtz N, Bedotto M, Branger S, Brouqui P, Parola P, Lagier JC, Cassir N, Tissot-Dupont H, Million M, Aherfi S, La Scola B. Sequencing of monkeypox virus from infected patients reveals viral genomes with APOBEC3-like editing, gene inactivation, and bacterial agents of skin superinfection. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28799. [PMID: 37342884 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
A large outbreak of Monkeypox virus (MPXV) infections has arisen in May 2022 in nonendemic countries. Here, we performed DNA metagenomics using next-generation sequencing with Illumina or Nanopore technologies for clinical samples from MPXV-infected patients diagnosed between June and July 2022. Classification of the MPXV genomes and determination of their mutational patterns were performed using Nextclade. Twenty-five samples from 25 patients were studied. A MPXV genome was obtained for 18 patients, essentially from skin lesions and rectal swabbing. All 18 genomes were classified in clade IIb, lineage B.1, and we identified four B.1 sublineages (B.1.1, B.1.10, B.1.12, B.1.14). We detected a high number of mutations (range, 64-73) relatively to a 2018 Nigerian genome (genome GenBank Accession no. NC_063383.1), which were harbored by a large part of a set of 3184 MPXV genomes of lineage B.1 recovered from GenBank and Nextstrain; and we detected 35 mutations relatively to genome ON563414.3 (a B.1 lineage reference genome). Nonsynonymous mutations occurred in genes encoding central proteins, among which transcription factors and core and envelope proteins, and included two mutations that would truncate a RNA polymerase subunit and a phospholipase d-like protein, suggesting an alternative start codon and gene inactivation, respectively. A large majority (94%) of nucleotide substitutions were G > A or C > U, suggesting the action of human APOBEC3 enzymes. Finally, >1000 reads were identified as from Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes for 3 and 6 samples, respectively. These findings warrant a close genomic monitoring of MPXV to get a better picture of the genetic micro-evolution and mutational patterns of this virus, and a close clinical monitoring of skin bacterial superinfection in monkeypox patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Colson
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Microbes Evolution Phylogeny and Infections (MEPHI), Aix-Marseille Univ., Marseille, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), Marseille, France
| | - Gwilherm Penant
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), Marseille, France
| | | | - Céline Boschi
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Microbes Evolution Phylogeny and Infections (MEPHI), Aix-Marseille Univ., Marseille, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), Marseille, France
| | - Nathalie Wurtz
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), Marseille, France
| | - Marielle Bedotto
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), Marseille, France
| | - Stéphanie Branger
- Service de Médecine Interne Infectiologie Aïgue Polyvalente, Centre hospitalier d'Avignon, Avignon, France
| | - Philippe Brouqui
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Microbes Evolution Phylogeny and Infections (MEPHI), Aix-Marseille Univ., Marseille, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), Marseille, France
| | - Philippe Parola
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Microbes Evolution Phylogeny and Infections (MEPHI), Aix-Marseille Univ., Marseille, France
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Vecteurs - Infections Tropicales et Méditerranéennes (VITROME), Aix-Marseille Univ., Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Lagier
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Microbes Evolution Phylogeny and Infections (MEPHI), Aix-Marseille Univ., Marseille, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), Marseille, France
| | - Nadim Cassir
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Microbes Evolution Phylogeny and Infections (MEPHI), Aix-Marseille Univ., Marseille, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), Marseille, France
| | - Hervé Tissot-Dupont
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Microbes Evolution Phylogeny and Infections (MEPHI), Aix-Marseille Univ., Marseille, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), Marseille, France
| | - Matthieu Million
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Microbes Evolution Phylogeny and Infections (MEPHI), Aix-Marseille Univ., Marseille, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), Marseille, France
| | - Sarah Aherfi
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Microbes Evolution Phylogeny and Infections (MEPHI), Aix-Marseille Univ., Marseille, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), Marseille, France
| | - Bernard La Scola
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Microbes Evolution Phylogeny and Infections (MEPHI), Aix-Marseille Univ., Marseille, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), Marseille, France
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11
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L'Ambert G, Gendrot M, Briolant S, Nguyen A, Pages S, Bosio L, Palomo V, Gomez N, Benoit N, Savini H, Pradines B, Durand GA, Leparc-Goffart I, Grard G, Fontaine A. Analysis of trapped mosquito excreta as a noninvasive method to reveal biodiversity and arbovirus circulation. Mol Ecol Resour 2023; 23:410-423. [PMID: 36161270 PMCID: PMC10092573 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.13716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Emerging and endemic mosquito-borne viruses can be difficult to detect and monitor because they often cause asymptomatic infections in human or vertebrate animals or cause nonspecific febrile illness with a short recovery waiting period. Some of these pathogens circulate into complex cryptic cycles involving several animal species as reservoir or amplifying hosts. Detection of cases in vertebrate hosts can be complemented by entomological surveillance, but this method is not adapted to low infection rates in mosquito populations that typically occur in low or nonendemic areas. We identified West Nile virus circulation in Camargue, a wetland area in South of France, using a cost-effective xenomonitoring method based on the molecular detection of virus in excreta from trapped mosquitoes. We also succeeded at identifying the mosquito species community on several sampling sites, together with the vertebrate hosts on which they fed prior to being captured using amplicon-based metabarcoding on mosquito excreta without processing any mosquitoes. Mosquito excreta-based virus surveillance can complement standard surveillance methods because it is cost-effective and does not require personnel with a strong background in entomology. This strategy can also be used to noninvasively explore the ecological network underlying arbovirus circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grégory L'Ambert
- Entente Interdépartementale Pour la Démoustication du Littoral Méditerranéen (EID Méditerranée), Montpellier, France
| | - Mathieu Gendrot
- Unité Parasitologie et Entomologie, Département Microbiologie et Maladies Infectieuses, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), Marseille, France.,IRD, SSA, AP-HM, VITROME, Aix Marseille Univ, Marseille, France.,IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Sébastien Briolant
- Unité Parasitologie et Entomologie, Département Microbiologie et Maladies Infectieuses, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), Marseille, France.,IRD, SSA, AP-HM, VITROME, Aix Marseille Univ, Marseille, France.,IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | | | - Sylvain Pages
- Entente Interdépartementale Pour la Démoustication du Littoral Méditerranéen (EID Méditerranée), Montpellier, France
| | - Laurent Bosio
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille Univ-IRD 190-Inserm 1207), Marseille, France.,Centre National de Référence des Arbovirus, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Marseille, France
| | - Vincent Palomo
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille Univ-IRD 190-Inserm 1207), Marseille, France.,Centre National de Référence des Arbovirus, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Marseille, France
| | - Nicolas Gomez
- Unité Parasitologie et Entomologie, Département Microbiologie et Maladies Infectieuses, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), Marseille, France.,IRD, SSA, AP-HM, VITROME, Aix Marseille Univ, Marseille, France.,IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Nicolas Benoit
- Unité Parasitologie et Entomologie, Département Microbiologie et Maladies Infectieuses, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), Marseille, France.,IRD, SSA, AP-HM, VITROME, Aix Marseille Univ, Marseille, France.,IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Hélène Savini
- IRD, SSA, AP-HM, VITROME, Aix Marseille Univ, Marseille, France.,Service des Maladies Infectieuses, Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées Laveran, Marseille, France
| | - Bruno Pradines
- Unité Parasitologie et Entomologie, Département Microbiologie et Maladies Infectieuses, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), Marseille, France.,IRD, SSA, AP-HM, VITROME, Aix Marseille Univ, Marseille, France.,IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.,Centre National de Référence du Paludisme, Marseille, France
| | - Guillaume André Durand
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille Univ-IRD 190-Inserm 1207), Marseille, France.,Centre National de Référence des Arbovirus, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Marseille, France
| | - Isabelle Leparc-Goffart
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille Univ-IRD 190-Inserm 1207), Marseille, France.,Centre National de Référence des Arbovirus, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Marseille, France
| | - Gilda Grard
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille Univ-IRD 190-Inserm 1207), Marseille, France.,Centre National de Référence des Arbovirus, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Marseille, France
| | - Albin Fontaine
- Unité Parasitologie et Entomologie, Département Microbiologie et Maladies Infectieuses, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), Marseille, France.,IRD, SSA, AP-HM, VITROME, Aix Marseille Univ, Marseille, France.,IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
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12
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Hoang VT, Dao TL, Ly TDA, Drali T, Yezli S, Parola P, Pommier de Santi V, Gautret P. Respiratory pathogens among ill pilgrims and the potential benefit of using point-of-care rapid molecular diagnostic tools during the Hajj. Acta Microbiol Immunol Hung 2022; 69:283-289. [PMID: 36370366 DOI: 10.1556/030.2022.01895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
We investigated respiratory pathogens among ill Hajj pilgrims from Marseille. We also discuss the potential role of point-of-care (POC) rapid molecular diagnostic tools for this purpose. Clinical data were collected using a standardised questionnaire. Influenza A and B viruses, human rhinovirus and human coronaviruses, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Klebsiella pneumoniae were investigated using real-time PCR in respiratory samples obtained during travel, at the onset of symptoms. 207 participants were included. A cough, expectoration, rhinitis and a sore throat were the most frequent respiratory symptoms, followed by loss of voice and dyspnoea. 38.7% and 25.1% of pilgrims reported a fever and influenza-like symptoms, respectively. 59.4% pilgrims received antibiotics. Rhinovirus (40.6%) was the most frequent pathogen, followed by S. aureus (35.8%) and H. influenzae (30.4%). Virus and bacteria co-infections were identified in 28.5% of participants. 25.1% pilgrims who were positive for respiratory bacteria did not receive antibiotic treatment. In the context of the Hajj pilgrimage, it is important to detect infections that can be easily managed with appropriate treatment, and those that can affect prognosis, requiring hospitalisation. POC rapid molecular diagnostic tools could be used for patient management at small Hajj medical missions and to rationalise antibiotic consumption among Hajj pilgrims.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van-Thuan Hoang
- 1Thai Binh University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Thai Binh, Vietnam
| | - Thi-Loi Dao
- 1Thai Binh University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Thai Binh, Vietnam
| | - Tran Duc Anh Ly
- 2IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.,3Aix Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France
| | | | - Saber Yezli
- 4The Global Centre for Mass Gatherings Medicine, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Philippe Parola
- 2IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.,3Aix Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France
| | - Vincent Pommier de Santi
- 2IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.,3Aix Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France.,5French Military Centre for Epidemiology and Public Health, Marseille, France
| | - Philippe Gautret
- 2IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.,3Aix Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France
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13
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Crone MA, Freemont PS. Simple Low-Cost Production of DNA MS2 Virus-Like Particles As Molecular Diagnostic Controls. GEN BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 1:496-503. [PMID: 36644571 PMCID: PMC9814128 DOI: 10.1089/genbio.2022.0033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Suitable controls are integral for the validation and continued quality assurance of diagnostic workflows. Plasmids, DNA, or in vitro transcribed RNA are often used to validate novel diagnostic workflows, however, they are poorly representative of clinical samples. RNA phage virus-like particles (VLPs) packaged with exogenous RNA have been used in clinical diagnostics as workflow controls, serving as surrogates for infectious viral particles. Comparable controls for DNA viruses are more challenging to produce, with analogous DNA phages being infectious and packaging of DNA within RNA phages requiring complex purification procedures and expensive chemical linkers. We present a simple and inexpensive method to produce Emesvirus zinderi (MS2) VLPs, packaged with DNA, that makes use of affinity chromatography for purification and enzymatic production of exogenous DNA suitable for packaging. The produced VLPs were packaged with hepatitis B virus DNA and were then quantified using droplet digital PCR and calibrated against the WHO international standard using a commercial assay in an accredited clinical laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A. Crone
- London Biofoundry, Imperial College Translation and Innovation Hub, London, United Kingdom; Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.,Section of Structural and Synthetic Biology, Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; and Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.,UK Dementia Research Institute Care Research and Technology Centre, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paul S. Freemont
- London Biofoundry, Imperial College Translation and Innovation Hub, London, United Kingdom; Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.,Section of Structural and Synthetic Biology, Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; and Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.,UK Dementia Research Institute Care Research and Technology Centre, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.,Address correspondence to: Paul S. Freemont, London Biofoundry, Imperial College Translation and Innovation Hub, White City Campus, 84 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom,
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14
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Moody NJG, Mohr PG, Williams LM, Cummins DM, Hoad J, Slater J, Valdeter ST, Colling A, Singanallur NB, Gardner IA, Gudkovs N, Crane MSJ. Performance characteristics of two real-time TaqMan polymerase chain reaction assays for the detection of WSSV in clinically diseased and apparently healthy prawns. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2022; 150:169-182. [PMID: 35979991 DOI: 10.3354/dao03687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to generate data on performance characteristics for 2 real-time TaqMan PCR assays (CSIRO and WOAH WSSV qPCRs) for the purposes of (1) detection of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) in clinically diseased prawns and (2) detection of WSSV in apparently healthy prawns. Analytical sensitivity of both assays was 2 to 20 genome copies per reaction, and analytical specificity was 100% after testing nucleic acid from 9 heterologous prawn pathogens and 4 prawn species. Results obtained after testing more than 20 000 samples in up to 559 runs with the CSIRO WSSV qPCR and up to 293 runs with the WOAH WSSV qPCR demonstrated satisfactory repeatability for both assays. Both assays demonstrated median diagnostic sensitivity (DSe) 100% (95% CI: 94.9-100%) when testing clinically diseased prawns. When 1591 test results from apparently healthy prawns were analysed by Bayesian latent class analysis, median DSe and diagnostic specificity (DSp) were 82.9% (95% probability interval [PI]: 75.0-90.2%) and 99.7% (95% PI: 98.6-99.99%) for the CSIRO WSSV qPCR and 76.8% (95% PI: 68.9-84.9%) and 99.7% (95% PI: 98.7-99.99%) for the WOAH WSSV qPCR. When both assays were interpreted in parallel, median DSe increased to 98.3 (95% PI: 91.6-99.99%), and median DSp decreased slightly to 99.4% (95% PI: 97.9-99.99%). Routine testing of quantified positive controls by laboratories in the Australian laboratory network demonstrated satisfactory reproducibility of the CSIRO WSSV qPCR assay. Both assays demonstrated comparable performance characteristics, and the results contribute to the validation data required in the WOAH validation pathway for the purposes of detection of WSSV in clinically diseased and apparently healthy prawns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J G Moody
- CSIRO Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, 5 Portarlington Rd, East Geelong, Victoria 3220, Australia
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15
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Priemer G, Cierniak F, Wolf C, Ulrich RG, Groschup MH, Eiden M. Co-Circulation of Different Hepatitis E Virus Genotype 3 Subtypes in Pigs and Wild Boar in North-East Germany, 2019. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11070773. [PMID: 35890018 PMCID: PMC9317891 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11070773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis E is a major cause of acute liver disease in humans worldwide. The infection is caused by hepatitis E virus (HEV) which is transmitted in Europe to humans primarily through zoonotic foodborne transmission from domestic pigs, wild boar, rabbits, and deer. HEV belongs to the family Hepeviridae, and possesses a positive-sense, single stranded RNA genome. This agent usually causes an acute self-limited infection in humans, but in people with low immunity, e.g., immunosuppressive therapy or underlying liver diseases, the infection can evolve to chronicity and is able to induce a variety of extrahepatic manifestations. Pig and wild boar have been identified as the primary animal reservoir in Europe, and consumption of raw and undercooked pork is known to pose a potential risk of foodborne HEV infection. In this study, we analysed pig and wild boar liver, faeces, and muscle samples collected in 2019 in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, north-east Germany. A total of 393 animals of both species were investigated using quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), conventional nested RT-PCR and sequence analysis of amplification products. In 33 animals, HEV RNA was detected in liver and/or faeces. In one individual, viral RNA was detected in muscle tissue. Sequence analysis of a partial open reading frame 1 region demonstrated a broad variety of genotype 3 (HEV-3) subtypes. In conclusion, the study demonstrates a high, but varying prevalence of HEV RNA in swine populations in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania. The associated risk of foodborne HEV infection needs the establishment of sustainable surveillance and treatment strategies at the interface between humans, animals, and the environment within a One Health framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grit Priemer
- Department 2—Animal Disease Diagnostics, State Office for Agriculture, Food Safety and Fisheries Mecklenburg—Western Pomerania, 18059 Rostock, Germany; (G.P.); (C.W.)
| | - Filip Cierniak
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases at the Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany; (F.C.); (R.G.U.); (M.H.G.)
| | - Carola Wolf
- Department 2—Animal Disease Diagnostics, State Office for Agriculture, Food Safety and Fisheries Mecklenburg—Western Pomerania, 18059 Rostock, Germany; (G.P.); (C.W.)
| | - Rainer G. Ulrich
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases at the Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany; (F.C.); (R.G.U.); (M.H.G.)
- Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Martin H. Groschup
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases at the Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany; (F.C.); (R.G.U.); (M.H.G.)
- Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Martin Eiden
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases at the Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany; (F.C.); (R.G.U.); (M.H.G.)
- Correspondence:
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16
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Mélade J, Piorkowski G, Touret F, Fourié T, Driouich JS, Cochin M, Bouzidi HS, Coutard B, Nougairède A, de Lamballerie X. A simple reverse genetics method to generate recombinant coronaviruses. EMBO Rep 2022; 23:e53820. [PMID: 35239997 PMCID: PMC9066064 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202153820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Engineering recombinant viruses is a pre‐eminent tool for deciphering the biology of emerging viral pathogens such as the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). However, the large size of coronavirus genomes renders the current reverse genetics methods challenging. Here, we describe a simple method based on “infectious subgenomic amplicons” (ISA) technology to generate recombinant infectious coronaviruses with no need for reconstruction of the complete genomic cDNA and apply this method to SARS‐CoV‐2 and also to the feline enteric coronavirus. In both cases we rescue wild‐type viruses with biological characteristics similar to original strains. Specific mutations and fluorescent red reporter genes can be readily incorporated into the SARS‐CoV‐2 genome enabling the generation of a genomic variants and fluorescent reporter strains for in vivo experiments, serological diagnosis, and antiviral assays. The swiftness and simplicity of the ISA method has the potential to facilitate the advance of coronavirus reverse genetics studies, to explore the molecular biological properties of the SARS‐CoV‐2 variants, and to accelerate the development of effective therapeutic reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Mélade
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille Univ-IRD 190-Inserm 1207), Marseille, France
| | - Géraldine Piorkowski
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille Univ-IRD 190-Inserm 1207), Marseille, France
| | - Franck Touret
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille Univ-IRD 190-Inserm 1207), Marseille, France
| | - Toscane Fourié
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille Univ-IRD 190-Inserm 1207), Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Sélim Driouich
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille Univ-IRD 190-Inserm 1207), Marseille, France
| | - Maxime Cochin
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille Univ-IRD 190-Inserm 1207), Marseille, France
| | - Hawa Sophia Bouzidi
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille Univ-IRD 190-Inserm 1207), Marseille, France
| | - Bruno Coutard
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille Univ-IRD 190-Inserm 1207), Marseille, France
| | - Antoine Nougairède
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille Univ-IRD 190-Inserm 1207), Marseille, France
| | - Xavier de Lamballerie
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille Univ-IRD 190-Inserm 1207), Marseille, France
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17
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Stoek F, Rissmann M, Ulrich R, Eiden M, Groschup MH. Black rats (Rattus rattus) as potential reservoir hosts for Rift Valley fever phlebovirus: Experimental infection results in viral replication and shedding without clinical manifestation. Transbound Emerg Dis 2022; 69:1307-1318. [PMID: 33794070 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Rift Valley fever phlebovirus (RVFV) is an arthropod-borne virus that can cause severe disease in ruminants and humans. Epidemics occur mainly after heavy rainfall, which leads to a significant increase in the occurrence of RVFV-transmitting mosquitoes. During inter-epidemic periods, the virus is assumed to be maintained between mosquitoes, susceptible livestock and yet unknown wildlife. The widespread rodent Rattus rattus (black rat) has been suspected to be involved in RVFV maintenance. In order to elucidate its susceptibility and thus its possible role in the transmission cycle of the virus, an experimental infection study was performed. Black rats were subcutaneously infected with highly virulent RVFV strain 35/74 and euthanized on days 3, 14 and 28 post-infection. Additional black rats served as non-infected contact animals. The infected black rats showed high susceptibility to RVFV infection. Generation of RVFV-neutralizing antibodies was found, and the rats developed viraemias lasting up to 17 days. Viral RNA was found in tissues until the last day of the experiment. However, neither a clinical manifestation nor virus-induced histopathological lesions were observed in any rat. These findings indicate the persistence of RVFV in black rats without affecting the animals. In contact animals, no evidence of horizontal RVFV transmission was found, although the co-housed infected rats showed oral, rectal and conjunctival RVFV shedding. Results of this study point to an involvement of black rats in the RVFV transmission cycle, and further studies are needed to investigate their potential role in the maintenance of the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Stoek
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Melanie Rissmann
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Reiner Ulrich
- Department of Experimental Animal Facilities and Biorisk Management, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Veterinary-Pathology, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martin Eiden
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Martin H Groschup
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
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18
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Zhou H, Ni WJ, Huang W, Wang Z, Cai M, Sun YC. Advances in Pathogenesis, Progression, Potential Targets and Targeted Therapeutic Strategies in SARS-CoV-2-Induced COVID-19. Front Immunol 2022; 13:834942. [PMID: 35450063 PMCID: PMC9016159 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.834942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
As the new year of 2020 approaches, an acute respiratory disease quietly caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), also known as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was reported in Wuhan, China. Subsequently, COVID-19 broke out on a global scale and formed a global public health emergency. To date, the destruction that has lasted for more than two years has not stopped and has caused the virus to continuously evolve new mutant strains. SARS-CoV-2 infection has been shown to cause multiple complications and lead to severe disability and death, which has dealt a heavy blow to global development, not only in the medical field but also in social security, economic development, global cooperation and communication. To date, studies on the epidemiology, pathogenic mechanism and pathological characteristics of SARS-CoV-2-induced COVID-19, as well as target confirmation, drug screening, and clinical intervention have achieved remarkable effects. With the continuous efforts of the WHO, governments of various countries, and scientific research and medical personnel, the public’s awareness of COVID-19 is gradually deepening, a variety of prevention methods and detection methods have been implemented, and multiple vaccines and drugs have been developed and urgently marketed. However, these do not appear to have completely stopped the pandemic and ravages of this virus. Meanwhile, research on SARS-CoV-2-induced COVID-19 has also seen some twists and controversies, such as potential drugs and the role of vaccines. In view of the fact that research on SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 has been extensive and in depth, this review will systematically update the current understanding of the epidemiology, transmission mechanism, pathological features, potential targets, promising drugs and ongoing clinical trials, which will provide important references and new directions for SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Anhui Provincial Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Wei-Jian Ni
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory of Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Provincial Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Wei Huang
- The Third People's Hospital of Hefei, The Third Clinical College of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Anhui Provincial Children's Hospital, Children's Hospital of Fudan University-Anhui Campus, Hefei, China
| | - Ming Cai
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Yan-Cai Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Anhui Provincial Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
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19
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Cicculli V, Maitre A, Ayhan N, Mondoloni S, Paoli JC, Vial L, de Lamballerie XN, Charrel R, Falchi A. Lack of Evidence for Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus in Ticks Collected from Animals, Corsica, France. Emerg Infect Dis 2022; 28:1035-1038. [PMID: 35447051 PMCID: PMC9045455 DOI: 10.3201/eid2805.211996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In Corsica, France, 9.1% of livestock serum samples collected during 2014–2016 were found to have antibodies against Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV), an emerging tickborne zoonotic disease. We tested 8,051 ticks for CCHFV RNA and Nairovirus RNA. The results indicate that Corsica is not a hotspot for CCHFV.
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20
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Stoek F, Barry Y, Ba A, Schulz A, Rissmann M, Wylezich C, Sadeghi B, Beyit AD, Eisenbarth A, N’diaye FB, Haki ML, Doumbia BA, Gueya MB, Bah MY, Eiden M, Groschup MH. Mosquito survey in Mauritania: Detection of Rift Valley fever virus and dengue virus and the determination of feeding patterns. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0010203. [PMID: 35427361 PMCID: PMC9113561 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In Mauritania, several mosquito-borne viruses have been reported that can cause devastating diseases in animals and humans. However, monitoring data on their occurrence and local distribution are limited. Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is an arthropod-borne virus that causes major outbreaks throughout the African continent and the Arabian Peninsula. The first Rift Valley fever (RVF) epidemic in Mauritania occurred in 1987 and since then the country has been affected by recurrent outbreaks of the disease. To gain information on the occurrence of RVFV as well as other mosquito-borne viruses and their vectors in Mauritania, we collected and examined 4,950 mosquitoes, belonging to four genera and 14 species. The mosquitoes were captured during 2018 in the capital Nouakchott and in southern parts of Mauritania. Evidence of RVFV was found in a mosquito pool of female Anopheles pharoensis mosquitoes collected in December on a farm near the Senegal River. At that time, 37.5% of 16 tested Montbéliarde cattle on the farm showed RVFV-specific IgM antibodies. Additionally, we detected IgM antibodies in 10.7% of 28 indigenous cattle that had been sampled on the same farm one month earlier. To obtain information on potential RVFV reservoir hosts, blood meals of captured engorged mosquitoes were analyzed. The mosquitoes mainly fed on humans (urban areas) and cattle (rural areas), but also on small ruminants, donkeys, cats, dogs and straw-colored fruit bats. Results of this study demonstrate the circulation of RVFV in Mauritania and thus the need for further research to investigate the distribution of the virus and its vectors. Furthermore, factors that may contribute to its maintenance should be analyzed more closely. In addition, two mosquito pools containing Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes showed evidence of dengue virus (DENV) 2 circulation in the city of Rosso. Further studies are therefore needed to also examine DENV circulation in Mauritania. In Mauritania, various mosquito-borne viruses responsible for devastating diseases in livestock and/or humans occur, threatening both human and animal health. One of these viruses is the Rift Valley fever phlebovirus (RVFV), which is widespread throughout the African continent and the Arabian Peninsula. The first outbreak in Mauritania occurred in 1987, and epidemics have recurred since then. However, little is known about the maintenance of RVFV during inter-epidemic periods, in the absence of reported outbreaks, and although there is evidence of an active circulation of the virus during these times, only limited data are available on the abundance of RVFV and its vectors in Mauritania. Therefore, this study aimed to collect and examine mosquitoes in different areas where outbreaks have already occurred. Additionally, blood of collected blood-fed mosquitoes was analyzed to identify feeding patterns and thus wildlife potentially acting as RVFV reservoir hosts. Furthermore, the collected mosquitoes were analyzed for the presence of other neglected viruses in order to participate in an elucidation of the circulation of different viruses within the mosquito population in Mauritania and to be able to better prevent disease outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Stoek
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Yahya Barry
- Office National de Recherche et de Développement de l’Elevage (ONARDEL), Nouakchott, Mauritania
| | - Aliou Ba
- Office National de Recherche et de Développement de l’Elevage (ONARDEL), Nouakchott, Mauritania
| | - Ansgar Schulz
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Melanie Rissmann
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Claudia Wylezich
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Balal Sadeghi
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Abdellahi Diambar Beyit
- Office National de Recherche et de Développement de l’Elevage (ONARDEL), Nouakchott, Mauritania
| | - Albert Eisenbarth
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | | | - Mohamed Lemine Haki
- Office National de Recherche et de Développement de l’Elevage (ONARDEL), Nouakchott, Mauritania
| | | | | | | | - Martin Eiden
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Martin H. Groschup
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
- * E-mail:
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21
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Joyce MG, King HAD, Elakhal-Naouar I, Ahmed A, Peachman KK, Macedo Cincotta C, Subra C, Chen RE, Thomas PV, Chen WH, Sankhala RS, Hajduczki A, Martinez EJ, Peterson CE, Chang WC, Choe M, Smith C, Lee PJ, Headley JA, Taddese MG, Elyard HA, Cook A, Anderson A, McGuckin Wuertz K, Dong M, Swafford I, Case JB, Currier JR, Lal KG, Molnar S, Nair MS, Dussupt V, Daye SP, Zeng X, Barkei EK, Staples HM, Alfson K, Carrion R, Krebs SJ, Paquin-Proulx D, Karasavva N, Polonis VR, Jagodzinski LL, Amare MF, Vasan S, Scott PT, Huang Y, Ho DD, de Val N, Diamond MS, Lewis MG, Rao M, Matyas GR, Gromowski GD, Peel SA, Michael NL, Bolton DL, Modjarrad K. A SARS-CoV-2 ferritin nanoparticle vaccine elicits protective immune responses in nonhuman primates. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabi5735. [PMID: 34914540 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abi5735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants stresses the continued need for next-generation vaccines that confer broad protection against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We developed and evaluated an adjuvanted SARS-CoV-2 spike ferritin nanoparticle (SpFN) vaccine in nonhuman primates. High-dose (50 μg) SpFN vaccine, given twice 28 days apart, induced a Th1-biased CD4 T cell helper response and elicited neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 wild-type and variants of concern, as well as against SARS-CoV-1. These potent humoral and cell-mediated immune responses translated into rapid elimination of replicating virus in the upper and lower airways and lung parenchyma of nonhuman primates following high-dose SARS-CoV-2 respiratory challenge. The immune response elicited by SpFN vaccination and resulting efficacy in nonhuman primates supports the utility of SpFN as a vaccine candidate for SARS-causing betacoronaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gordon Joyce
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Hannah A D King
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA.,U.S. Military HIV Research Program, WRAIR, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| | - Ines Elakhal-Naouar
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA.,Diagnostics and Countermeasures Branch, WRAIR, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| | - Aslaa Ahmed
- Viral Diseases Branch, WRAIR, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| | | | - Camila Macedo Cincotta
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA.,Diagnostics and Countermeasures Branch, WRAIR, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| | - Caroline Subra
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA.,U.S. Military HIV Research Program, WRAIR, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| | - Rita E Chen
- Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.,Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Paul V Thomas
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Wei-Hung Chen
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Rajeshwer S Sankhala
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Agnes Hajduczki
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Elizabeth J Martinez
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Caroline E Peterson
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - William C Chang
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Misook Choe
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Clayton Smith
- Center for Molecular Microscopy, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Parker J Lee
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Jarrett A Headley
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Mekdi G Taddese
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | | | | | - Alexander Anderson
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, WRAIR, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA.,Oak Ridge Institute of Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA
| | | | - Ming Dong
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA.,U.S. Military HIV Research Program, WRAIR, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| | - Isabella Swafford
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA.,U.S. Military HIV Research Program, WRAIR, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| | - James Brett Case
- Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | | | - Kerri G Lal
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA.,U.S. Military HIV Research Program, WRAIR, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| | - Sebastian Molnar
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA.,U.S. Military HIV Research Program, WRAIR, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| | - Manoj S Nair
- Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Vincent Dussupt
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA.,U.S. Military HIV Research Program, WRAIR, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| | - Sharon P Daye
- Center for Infectious Diseases Research, WRAIR, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| | - Xiankun Zeng
- Division of Pathology, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Erica K Barkei
- Veterinary Pathology Department, WRAIR, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| | - Hilary M Staples
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA
| | - Kendra Alfson
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA
| | - Ricardo Carrion
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA
| | - Shelly J Krebs
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA.,U.S. Military HIV Research Program, WRAIR, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| | - Dominic Paquin-Proulx
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA.,U.S. Military HIV Research Program, WRAIR, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| | - Nicos Karasavva
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA.,Diagnostics and Countermeasures Branch, WRAIR, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| | | | | | - Mihret F Amare
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Sandhya Vasan
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA.,U.S. Military HIV Research Program, WRAIR, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| | - Paul T Scott
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| | - Yaoxing Huang
- Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - David D Ho
- Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Natalia de Val
- Center for Molecular Microscopy, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Michael S Diamond
- Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.,Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.,Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | | | - Mangala Rao
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, WRAIR, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| | - Gary R Matyas
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, WRAIR, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| | | | - Sheila A Peel
- Diagnostics and Countermeasures Branch, WRAIR, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| | - Nelson L Michael
- Center for Infectious Diseases Research, WRAIR, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| | - Diane L Bolton
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA.,U.S. Military HIV Research Program, WRAIR, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| | - Kayvon Modjarrad
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
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22
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Michaely LM, Rissmann M, Keller M, König R, von Arnim F, Eiden M, Rohn K, Baumgärtner W, Groschup M, Ulrich R. NSG-Mice Reveal the Importance of a Functional Innate and Adaptive Immune Response to Overcome RVFV Infection. Viruses 2022; 14:v14020350. [PMID: 35215938 PMCID: PMC8880686 DOI: 10.3390/v14020350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a zoonotic disease caused by RVF Phlebovirus (RVFV). The RVFV MP-12 vaccine strain is known to exhibit residual virulence in the case of a deficient interferon type 1 response. The hypothesis of this study is that virus replication and severity of lesions induced by the MP-12 strain in immunocompromised mice depend on the specific function of the disturbed pathway. Therefore, 10 strains of mice with deficient innate immunity (B6-IFNARtmAgt, C.129S7(B6)-Ifngtm1Ts/J, B6-TLR3tm1Flv, B6-TLR7tm1Aki, NOD/ShiLtJ), helper T-cell- (CD4tm1Mak), cytotoxic T-cell- (CD8atm1Mak), B-cell- (Igh-Jtm1DhuN?+N2), combined T- and B-cell- (NU/J) and combined T-, B-, natural killer (NK) cell- and macrophage-mediated immunity (NOD.Cg-PrkdcscidIl2rgtm1WjI/SzJ (NSG) mice) were subcutaneously infected with RVFV MP-12. B6-IFNARtmAgt mice were the only strain to develop fatal disease due to RVFV-induced severe hepatocellular necrosis and apoptosis. Notably, no clinical disease and only mild multifocal hepatocellular necrosis and apoptosis were observed in NSG mice, while immunohistochemistry detected the RVFV antigen in the liver and the brain. No or low virus expression and no lesions were observed in the other mouse strains. Conclusively, the interferon type 1 response is essential for early control of RVFV replication and disease, whereas functional NK cells, macrophages and lymphocytes are essential for virus clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Mathias Michaely
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany;
- Center for Systems Neuroscience Hannover, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bünteweg 2, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Melanie Rissmann
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Südufer 10, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany; (M.R.); (M.K.); (R.K.); (F.v.A.); (M.E.); (M.G.)
| | - Markus Keller
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Südufer 10, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany; (M.R.); (M.K.); (R.K.); (F.v.A.); (M.E.); (M.G.)
| | - Rebecca König
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Südufer 10, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany; (M.R.); (M.K.); (R.K.); (F.v.A.); (M.E.); (M.G.)
| | - Felicitas von Arnim
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Südufer 10, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany; (M.R.); (M.K.); (R.K.); (F.v.A.); (M.E.); (M.G.)
| | - Martin Eiden
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Südufer 10, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany; (M.R.); (M.K.); (R.K.); (F.v.A.); (M.E.); (M.G.)
| | - Karl Rohn
- Institute for Biometry, Epidemiology and Information Processing, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bünteweg 2, 30559 Hannover, Germany;
| | - Wolfgang Baumgärtner
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany;
- Center for Systems Neuroscience Hannover, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bünteweg 2, 30559 Hannover, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-511-953-8620; Fax: +49-511-953-8675
| | - Martin Groschup
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Südufer 10, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany; (M.R.); (M.K.); (R.K.); (F.v.A.); (M.E.); (M.G.)
| | - Reiner Ulrich
- Institute of Veterinary-Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
- Department of Experimental Animal Facilities and Biorisk Management, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Südufer 10, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
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23
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Le Cam S, Gallian P, Ricard C, Narboux C, Barlet V, Maugard C, Hauser L, Brisbarre N, Cappy P, Pillonel J, Laperche S, Morel P. Low rate of RNAemia in blood donations collected during the first wave of COVID-19 in France. Transfusion 2022; 62:633-640. [PMID: 35089597 DOI: 10.1111/trf.16812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 via blood, we conducted retrospective molecular screening in blood donated during the first pandemic peak in the two French regions with the highest community transmission. METHODS Archived plasma samples randomly selected from donations collected between 23 and 29 March, 2020, in Eastern and Northern regions of France were tested for SARS-CoV-2 RNA in minipools of 4 donations (MP4) using the Grifols ProcleixSARS-CoV-2 assay. Reactive MP4 and the 4 corresponding plasmas were further tested with alternative RT-PCRs and sequencing. Testing for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and in-vitro infectivity in cell culture were also performed. RESULTS Among the 2,818 MP4 (corresponding to 9,672 donations) tested for viral RNA, 5 were weakly reactive. Among the 20 plasmas included in these 5 MP4, one presented low-level reactivity with RT-PCRs and Procleix SARS-CoV-2 and was confirmed on sequencing. The estimated prevalence was 1.03/10,000 (95% CI 0-3.1). The 20 plasmas were antibody non-reactive and none of them showed cytopathic effects in cell-culture. When recalled, the index-donor declared having had symptoms compatible with SARS-CoV-2 infection a few days after donation. The two immunocompromised recipients transfused with red blood cells and an inactivated pooled platelet product did not develop COVID-19. CONCLUSION Our results indicated a low prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the plasma of asymptomatic blood donors during the pandemic peak and no evidence of infectivity in vivo and in vitro. The transfusion risk remains theoretical and does not justify the implementation of SARS-CoV-2 NAT for blood donations. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Le Cam
- Etablissement Français du Sang, Centre Pays de la Loire, Angers, France
| | - Pierre Gallian
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille Université - IRD 190 - Inserm 1207 - IHU Méditerranée Infection), Marseille, France.,Etablissement Français du Sang Provence Alpes Côte d'Azur et Corse, Marseille, France
| | - Celine Ricard
- Etablissement Français du Sang Hauts de France Normandie, Loos, France
| | - Céline Narboux
- Etablissement Français du Sang Hauts de France Normandie, Loos, France
| | - Valérie Barlet
- Etablissement Français du Sang Auvergne Rhône Alpes, Metz, Tessy, France
| | - Claude Maugard
- Etablissement Français du Sang Occitanie, Montpellier, France
| | - Lisette Hauser
- Etablissement Français du Sang Ile de France, Ivry, France
| | - Nadège Brisbarre
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille Université - IRD 190 - Inserm 1207 - IHU Méditerranée Infection), Marseille, France.,Etablissement Français du Sang Provence Alpes Côte d'Azur et Corse, Marseille, France
| | - Pierre Cappy
- Centre National de Référence Risques Infectieux Transfusionnels, Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, Paris, France
| | - Josiane Pillonel
- Santé publique France, Département des maladies infectieuses, Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Syria Laperche
- Centre National de Référence Risques Infectieux Transfusionnels, Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, Paris, France
| | - Pascal Morel
- Etablissement Français du Sang, La Plaine St-Denis, France.,UMR 1098 RIGHT INSERM Université de Franche-Comté Etablissement Français du Sang, Besançon, France
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24
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Capai L, Piorkowski G, Maestrini O, Casabianca F, Masse S, de Lamballerie X, Charrel RN, Falchi A. Detection of porcine enteric viruses (Kobuvirus, Mamastrovirus and Sapelovirus) in domestic pigs in Corsica, France. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0260161. [PMID: 35030164 PMCID: PMC8759673 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Many enteric viruses are found in pig farms around the world and can cause death of animals or important production losses for breeders. Among the wide spectrum of enteric viral species, porcine Sapelovirus (PSV), porcine Kobuvirus (PKoV) and porcine Astrovirus (PAstV) are frequently found in pig feces. In this study we investigated sixteen pig farms in Corsica, France, to evaluate the circulation of three enteric viruses (PKoV, PAstV-1 and PSV). In addition to the three viruses studied by RT-qPCR (908 pig feces samples), 26 stool samples were tested using the Next Generation Sequencing method (NGS). Our results showed viral RNA detection rates (i) of 62.0% [58.7-65.1] (n = 563/908) for PSV, (ii) of 44.8% [41.5-48.1] (n = 407/908) for PKoV and (iii) of 8.6% [6.8-10.6] (n = 78/908) for PAstV-1. Significant differences were observed for all three viruses according to age (P-value = 2.4e-13 for PAstV-1; 2.4e-12 for PKoV and 0.005 for PSV). The type of breeding was significantly associated with RNA detection only for PAstV-1 (P-value = 9.6e-6). Among the 26 samples tested with NGS method, consensus sequences corresponding to 10 different species of virus were detected. This study provides first insight on the presence of three common porcine enteric viruses in France. We also showed that they are frequently encountered in pigs born and bred in Corsica, which demonstrates endemic local circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisandru Capai
- UR 7310, Laboratoire de Virologie, Université de Corse, Corte, France
| | - Géraldine Piorkowski
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille Univ-IRD 190-Inserm 1207), Marseille, France
| | - Oscar Maestrini
- Laboratoire de Recherche sur le Développement de l’Elevage (LRDE), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Corte, France
| | - François Casabianca
- Laboratoire de Recherche sur le Développement de l’Elevage (LRDE), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Corte, France
| | - Shirley Masse
- UR 7310, Laboratoire de Virologie, Université de Corse, Corte, France
| | - Xavier de Lamballerie
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille Univ-IRD 190-Inserm 1207), Marseille, France
| | - Rémi N. Charrel
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille Univ-IRD 190-Inserm 1207), Marseille, France
| | - Alessandra Falchi
- UR 7310, Laboratoire de Virologie, Université de Corse, Corte, France
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25
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Cichon N, Barry Y, Stoek F, Diambar A, Ba A, Ziegler U, Rissmann M, Schulz J, Haki ML, Höper D, Doumbia BA, Bah MY, Groschup MH, Eiden M. Co-circulation of Orthobunyaviruses and Rift Valley Fever Virus in Mauritania, 2015. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:766977. [PMID: 35003005 PMCID: PMC8739971 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.766977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Ngari virus (NRIV) has been mostly detected during concurrent outbreaks of Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV). NRIV is grouped in the genus Orthobunyavirus within the Bunyaviridae family and RVFV in the genus Phlebovirus in the family Phenuiviridae. Both are zoonotic arboviruses and can induce hemorrhagic fever displaying the same clinical picture in humans and small ruminants. To investigate if NRIV and its parental viruses, Bunyamwera virus (BUNV) and Batai virus (BATV), played a role during the Mauritanian RVF outbreak in 2015/16, we analyzed serum samples of sheep and goats from central and southern regions in Mauritania by quantitative real-time RT-PCR, serum neutralization test (SNT) and ELISA. 41 of 458 samples exhibited neutralizing reactivity against NRIV, nine against BATV and three against BUNV. Moreover, complete virus genomes from BUNV could be recovered from two sheep as well as two NRIV isolates from a goat and a sheep. No RVFV-derived viral RNA was detected, but 81 seropositive animals including 22 IgM-positive individuals were found. Of these specimens, 61 samples revealed antibodies against RVFV and at least against one of the three orthobunyaviruses. An indirect ELISA based on NRIV/BATV and BUNV derived Gc protein was established as complement to SNT, which showed high performance regarding NRIV, but decreased sensitivity and specificity regarding BATV and BUNV. Moreover, we observed high cross-reactivity among NRIV and BATV serological assays. Taken together, the data indicate the co-circulation of at least BUNV and NRIV in the Mauritanian sheep and goat populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Cichon
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Yahya Barry
- Office National de Recherche et de Développement de l'Elevage (ONARDEL), Nouakchott, Mauritania
| | - Franziska Stoek
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Abdellah Diambar
- Office National de Recherche et de Développement de l'Elevage (ONARDEL), Nouakchott, Mauritania
| | - Aliou Ba
- Office National de Recherche et de Développement de l'Elevage (ONARDEL), Nouakchott, Mauritania
| | - Ute Ziegler
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Melanie Rissmann
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany.,Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jana Schulz
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany.,Institute of Epidemiology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Mohamed L Haki
- Office National de Recherche et de Développement de l'Elevage (ONARDEL), Nouakchott, Mauritania
| | - Dirk Höper
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Baba A Doumbia
- Ministère du Développement Rural, Nouakchott, Mauritania
| | - Mohamed Y Bah
- Ministère du Développement Rural, Nouakchott, Mauritania
| | - Martin H Groschup
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Martin Eiden
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
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26
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Sharma P, Batheja G, Verma HN, Seth P. Development of a novel molecular assay based on conventional PCR liquid hybridization and ELISA (NAT-ELISA) for the detection of HIV, HCV, and HBV in blood donors. Indian J Med Microbiol 2022; 40:122-126. [PMID: 35016792 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmmb.2021.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Development of a simple, affordable, and sensitive method based on gene amplification by PCR followed by liquid hybridization for detection of HIV-1 & 2, HCV and HBV in plasma samples (NAT-ELISA) for detection of these viruses particularly in their window period. METHODS Viral nucleic acid extracted from WHO International Standards for HIV1, HIV2, HCV and HBV and 199 blood donor plasma samples were amplified by reverse transcription -PCR with forward and biotinylated reverse primers designed from the conserved regions of p-24 gene of HIV-1 and HIV-2, 5' UTR of HCV and middle part of S gene of HBV respectively. The biotinylated amplicons were immobilized on streptavidin coated ELISA plates, denatured chemically, and were hybridized with digoxigenin labelled specific oligonucleotide probes of HIV-1, HIV2, HCV and HBV. Hybridization signals were measured colorimetrically by indirect ELISA using anti-digoxigenin HRP conjugate and TMB substrate at 450 nm. Analytical Sensitivity or lower limit of detection (LOD) of this assay was determined with WHO standards. RESULTS PCR amplified products of WHO standards were 321bp of HIV-1, 291bp of HIV- 2, 229bp of HBV, and 105bp of HCV. The LOD95 and LOD99.7 endpoints of HIV1, HIV2, HCV and HBV were 13, 6, 15 and 11 IU/ml and 15, 7, 17 and 12 IU/ml respectively. Diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of NAT-ELISA assay were calculated on 199 samples and was 97.4% and 99.4% respectively. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that this assay is highly suitable for the blood banks which do not have facilities for exorbitantly expensive NAT test for the detection of these viruses during their window period particularly in the blood donors who test negative by antibody/antigen screening tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Sharma
- Seth Research Foundation, Gurugram, Haryana, 122002, India; Jaipur National University, Jagatpura, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 302017, India
| | - Gunjan Batheja
- Seth Research Foundation, Gurugram, Haryana, 122002, India
| | | | - Pradeep Seth
- Seth Research Foundation, Gurugram, Haryana, 122002, India.
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27
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Saba Villarroel PM, Castro Soto MDR, Melendres Flores O, Peralta Landívar A, Calderón ME, Loayza R, Boucraut J, Thirion L, Dubot-Pérès A, Ninove L, de Lamballerie X. A clinical, aetiological, and public health perspective on central nervous system infections in Bolivia, 2017-2018. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23235. [PMID: 34853372 PMCID: PMC8636643 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02592-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) infections are important causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In Bolivia, aetiologies, case fatality, and determinants of outcome are poorly characterised. We attempted to investigate such parameters to guide diagnosis, treatment, prevention, and health policy. From Nov-2017 to Oct-2018, we prospectively enrolled 257 inpatients (20.2% HIV-positive patients) of all ages from healthcare centers of Cochabamba and Santa Cruz, Bolivia with a suspected CNS infection and a lumbar puncture performed. Biological diagnosis included classical microbiology, molecular, serological and immunohistochemical tests. An infectious aetiology was confirmed in 128/257 (49.8%) inpatients, including, notably among confirmed single and co-infections, Cryptococcus spp. (41.7%) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (27.8%) in HIV-positive patients, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (26.1%) and Streptococcus pneumoniae (18.5%) in HIV-negative patients. The total mortality rate was high (94/223, 42.1%), including six rabies cases. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, mortality was associated with thrombocytopenia (Odds ratio (OR) 5.40, 95%-CI 2.40-11.83) and hydrocephalus (OR 4.07, 95%-CI 1.35-12.23). The proportion of untreated HIV patients, late presentations of neurotuberculosis, the rate of pneumococcal cases, and rabies patients who did not benefit from a post-exposure prophylaxis, suggest that decreasing the burden of CNS infections requires reinforcing health policy regarding tuberculosis, rabies, S. pneumoniae vaccination, and HIV-infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Mariela Saba Villarroel
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille Univ.-IRD 190-INSERM 1207-IHU Méditerranée Infection), 13005, Marseille, France.
- Molecular Biology Unit, Centro Nacional de Enfermedades Tropicales (CENETROP), Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia.
| | | | | | | | - María E Calderón
- Infectology Department, Manuel Ascencio Villarroel Hospital, Cochabamba, Bolivia
| | - Roxana Loayza
- Molecular Biology Unit, Centro Nacional de Enfermedades Tropicales (CENETROP), Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia
| | - José Boucraut
- Immunology Laboratory, Conception Hospital, 13005, Marseille, France
- Timone Neuroscience Institute, Aix-Marseille University, 13005, Marseille, France
| | - Laurence Thirion
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille Univ.-IRD 190-INSERM 1207-IHU Méditerranée Infection), 13005, Marseille, France
| | - Audrey Dubot-Pérès
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille Univ.-IRD 190-INSERM 1207-IHU Méditerranée Infection), 13005, Marseille, France
| | - Laetitia Ninove
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille Univ.-IRD 190-INSERM 1207-IHU Méditerranée Infection), 13005, Marseille, France
| | - Xavier de Lamballerie
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille Univ.-IRD 190-INSERM 1207-IHU Méditerranée Infection), 13005, Marseille, France
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28
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Hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin used alone or combined are not effective against SARS-CoV-2 ex vivo and in a hamster model. Antiviral Res 2021; 197:105212. [PMID: 34838583 PMCID: PMC8611861 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2021.105212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Drug repositioning has been used extensively since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic in an attempt to identify antiviral molecules for use in human therapeutics. Hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin have shown inhibitory activity against SARS-CoV-2 replication in different cell lines. Based on such in vitro data and despite the weakness of preclinical assessment, many clinical trials were set up using these molecules. In the present study, we show that hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin alone or combined does not block SARS-CoV-2 replication in human bronchial airway epithelia. When tested in a Syrian hamster model, hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin administrated alone or combined displayed no significant effect on viral replication, clinical course of the disease and lung impairments, even at high doses. Hydroxychloroquine quantification in lung tissues confirmed strong exposure to the drug, above in vitro inhibitory concentrations. Overall, this study does not support the use of hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin as antiviral drugs for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infections.
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29
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King HAD, Joyce MG, Lakhal-Naouar I, Ahmed A, Cincotta CM, Subra C, Peachman KK, Hack HR, Chen RE, Thomas PV, Chen WH, Sankhala RS, Hajduczki A, Martinez EJ, Peterson CE, Chang WC, Choe M, Smith C, Headley JA, Elyard HA, Cook A, Anderson A, Wuertz KM, Dong M, Swafford I, Case JB, Currier JR, Lal KG, Amare MF, Dussupt V, Molnar S, Daye SP, Zeng X, Barkei EK, Alfson K, Staples HM, Carrion R, Krebs SJ, Paquin-Proulx D, Karasavvas N, Polonis VR, Jagodzinski LL, Vasan S, Scott PT, Huang Y, Nair MS, Ho DD, de Val N, Diamond MS, Lewis MG, Rao M, Matyas GR, Gromowski GD, Peel SA, Michael NL, Modjarrad K, Bolton DL. Efficacy and breadth of adjuvanted SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain nanoparticle vaccine in macaques. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2106433118. [PMID: 34470866 PMCID: PMC8463842 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2106433118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Emergence of novel variants of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) underscores the need for next-generation vaccines able to elicit broad and durable immunity. Here we report the evaluation of a ferritin nanoparticle vaccine displaying the receptor-binding domain of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (RFN) adjuvanted with Army Liposomal Formulation QS-21 (ALFQ). RFN vaccination of macaques using a two-dose regimen resulted in robust, predominantly Th1 CD4+ T cell responses and reciprocal peak mean serum neutralizing antibody titers of 14,000 to 21,000. Rapid control of viral replication was achieved in the upper and lower airways of animals after high-dose SARS-CoV-2 respiratory challenge, with undetectable replication within 4 d in seven of eight animals receiving 50 µg of RFN. Cross-neutralization activity against SARS-CoV-2 variant B.1.351 decreased only approximately twofold relative to WA1/2020. In addition, neutralizing, effector antibody and cellular responses targeted the heterotypic SARS-CoV-1, highlighting the broad immunogenicity of RFN-ALFQ for SARS-CoV-like Sarbecovirus vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah A D King
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817
| | - M Gordon Joyce
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817
| | - Ines Lakhal-Naouar
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817
- Diagnostics and Countermeasures Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910
| | - Aslaa Ahmed
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910
| | - Camila Macedo Cincotta
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817
- Diagnostics and Countermeasures Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910
| | - Caroline Subra
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817
| | - Kristina K Peachman
- Diagnostics and Countermeasures Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910
| | - Holly R Hack
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817
- Diagnostics and Countermeasures Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910
| | - Rita E Chen
- Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130
| | - Paul V Thomas
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817
| | - Wei-Hung Chen
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817
| | - Rajeshwer S Sankhala
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817
| | - Agnes Hajduczki
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817
| | - Elizabeth J Martinez
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817
| | - Caroline E Peterson
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817
| | - William C Chang
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817
| | - Misook Choe
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817
| | - Clayton Smith
- Center for Molecular Microscopy, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Frederick, MD 21702
| | - Jarrett A Headley
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817
| | | | | | - Alexander Anderson
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817
| | - Kathryn McGuckin Wuertz
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910
| | - Ming Dong
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817
| | - Isabella Swafford
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817
| | - James B Case
- Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130
| | - Jeffrey R Currier
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910
| | - Kerri G Lal
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817
| | - Mihret F Amare
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817
| | - Vincent Dussupt
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817
| | - Sebastian Molnar
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817
| | - Sharon P Daye
- Center for Infectious Diseases Research, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910
| | - Xiankun Zeng
- Division of Pathology, US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD 21702
| | - Erica K Barkei
- Veterinary Pathology Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910
| | - Kendra Alfson
- Disease Intervention and Prevention, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227
| | - Hilary M Staples
- Disease Intervention and Prevention, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227
| | - Ricardo Carrion
- Disease Intervention and Prevention, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227
| | - Shelly J Krebs
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817
| | - Dominic Paquin-Proulx
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817
| | - Nicos Karasavvas
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817
- Diagnostics and Countermeasures Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910
| | - Victoria R Polonis
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910
| | - Linda L Jagodzinski
- Diagnostics and Countermeasures Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910
| | - Sandhya Vasan
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817
| | - Paul T Scott
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910
| | - Yaoxing Huang
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032
| | - Manoj S Nair
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032
| | - David D Ho
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032
| | - Natalia de Val
- Center for Molecular Microscopy, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Frederick, MD 21702
| | - Michael S Diamond
- Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130
| | | | - Mangala Rao
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910
| | - Gary R Matyas
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910
| | - Gregory D Gromowski
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910
| | - Sheila A Peel
- Diagnostics and Countermeasures Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910
| | - Nelson L Michael
- Center for Infectious Diseases Research, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910
| | - Kayvon Modjarrad
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910;
| | - Diane L Bolton
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910;
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817
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Simo-Fouda F, Ninove L, Luciani L, Zandotti C, Gazin C, Charrel RN, Nougairède A. Evaluation of the Ridaquick Rotavirus/Adenovirus Immuno-Chromatographic Assay in Real-Life Situation. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10091213. [PMID: 34578247 PMCID: PMC8472841 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10091213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunochromatographic tests (ICT) are diagnostics tools providing rapid results without the need for specialized equipment. Our aim was to evaluate retrospectively the rotavirus and adenovirus ICT routinely used in the virology laboratory serving the University Hospital of Marseille, France. From January 2017 to March 2020, 715 stool specimens from patients were screened using the Ridaquick Rotavirus/Adenovirus Combi ICT (RR/AC ICT) and a commercially available multiplex PCR detection kit. Rotavirus was detected in 9.2% of specimens by PCR and 7.7% of specimens by RR/AC ICT while adenovirus was detected in 8.5% of specimens by PCR and 2.4% of specimens by RR/AC ICT. The RR/AC ICT parameters for rotavirus were 75.8% sensitivity, 99.2% specificity, 90.9% positive predictive value (PPV) and 97.6% negative predictive value (NPV). The RR/AC ICT parameters for adenovirus were 6.6% sensitivity, 98.0% specificity, 23.5% PPV and 91.8% NPV. While the ICT test may be suitable for rotavirus detection, a PCR–based assay is better adapted for adenovirus detection in stools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Simo-Fouda
- Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE: Aix Marseille Univ, IRD 190, INSERM 1207, IHU Méditerranée Infection), 13005 Marseille, France; (F.S.-F.); (L.N.); (L.L.); (C.Z.); (R.N.C.)
| | - Laetitia Ninove
- Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE: Aix Marseille Univ, IRD 190, INSERM 1207, IHU Méditerranée Infection), 13005 Marseille, France; (F.S.-F.); (L.N.); (L.L.); (C.Z.); (R.N.C.)
| | - Léa Luciani
- Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE: Aix Marseille Univ, IRD 190, INSERM 1207, IHU Méditerranée Infection), 13005 Marseille, France; (F.S.-F.); (L.N.); (L.L.); (C.Z.); (R.N.C.)
| | - Christine Zandotti
- Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE: Aix Marseille Univ, IRD 190, INSERM 1207, IHU Méditerranée Infection), 13005 Marseille, France; (F.S.-F.); (L.N.); (L.L.); (C.Z.); (R.N.C.)
| | - Céline Gazin
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire (IHU) Méditerranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France;
| | - Remi N. Charrel
- Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE: Aix Marseille Univ, IRD 190, INSERM 1207, IHU Méditerranée Infection), 13005 Marseille, France; (F.S.-F.); (L.N.); (L.L.); (C.Z.); (R.N.C.)
| | - Antoine Nougairède
- Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE: Aix Marseille Univ, IRD 190, INSERM 1207, IHU Méditerranée Infection), 13005 Marseille, France; (F.S.-F.); (L.N.); (L.L.); (C.Z.); (R.N.C.)
- Correspondence:
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Touret F, Driouich JS, Cochin M, Petit PR, Gilles M, Barthélémy K, Moureau G, Mahon FX, Malvy D, Solas C, de Lamballerie X, Nougairède A. Preclinical evaluation of Imatinib does not support its use as an antiviral drug against SARS-CoV-2. Antiviral Res 2021; 193:105137. [PMID: 34265358 PMCID: PMC8274277 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2021.105137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Following the emergence of SARS-CoV-2, the search for an effective and rapidly available treatment was initiated worldwide based on repurposing of available drugs. Previous reports described the antiviral activity of certain tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) targeting the Abelson kinase 2 against pathogenic coronaviruses. Imatinib, one of them, has more than twenty years of safe utilization for the treatment of hematological malignancies. In this context, Imatinib was rapidly evaluated in clinical trials against Covid-19. Here, we present the pre-clinical evaluation of imatinib in multiple models. Our results indicated that imatinib and another TKI, the masitinib, exhibit an antiviral activity in VeroE6 cells. However, imatinib was inactive in a reconstructed bronchial human airway epithelium model. In vivo, imatinib therapy failed to impair SARS-CoV-2 replication in a golden Syrian hamster model despite high concentrations in plasma and in the lung. Overall, these results do not support the use of imatinib and similar TKIs as antivirals in the treatment of Covid-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franck Touret
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille University -IRD 190-Inserm 1207-IHU Méditerranée Infection), Marseille, France.
| | - Jean-Sélim Driouich
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille University -IRD 190-Inserm 1207-IHU Méditerranée Infection), Marseille, France
| | - Maxime Cochin
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille University -IRD 190-Inserm 1207-IHU Méditerranée Infection), Marseille, France
| | - Paul Rémi Petit
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille University -IRD 190-Inserm 1207-IHU Méditerranée Infection), Marseille, France
| | - Magali Gilles
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille University -IRD 190-Inserm 1207-IHU Méditerranée Infection), Marseille, France
| | - Karine Barthélémy
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille University -IRD 190-Inserm 1207-IHU Méditerranée Infection), Marseille, France
| | - Grégory Moureau
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille University -IRD 190-Inserm 1207-IHU Méditerranée Infection), Marseille, France
| | - Francois-Xavier Mahon
- Cancer Center of Bordeaux, Institut Bergonié, INSERM U1218, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Denis Malvy
- Department for Infectious and Tropical Diseases, University Hospital Center of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Inserm 1219, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Caroline Solas
- APHM, Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE: Aix Marseille University IRD 190-Inserm 1207-IHU Méditerranée Infection), Laboratoire de Pharmacocinétique et Toxicologie, Hôpital La Timone, Marseille, France
| | - Xavier de Lamballerie
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille University -IRD 190-Inserm 1207-IHU Méditerranée Infection), Marseille, France
| | - Antoine Nougairède
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille University -IRD 190-Inserm 1207-IHU Méditerranée Infection), Marseille, France
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Melo Costa M, Benoit N, Dormoi J, Amalvict R, Gomez N, Tissot-Dupont H, Million M, Pradines B, Granjeaud S, Almeras L. Salivette, a relevant saliva sampling device for SARS-CoV-2 detection. J Oral Microbiol 2021; 13:1920226. [PMID: 33986939 PMCID: PMC8098750 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2021.1920226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The gold standard for COVID-19 diagnosis relies on quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase-chain reaction (RT-qPCR) from nasopharyngeal swab (NPS) specimens, but NPSs present several limitations. The simplicity, low invasive and possibility of self-collection of saliva imposed these specimens as a relevant alternative for SARS-CoV-2 detection. However, the discrepancy of saliva test results compared to NPSs made of its use controversial. Here, we assessed Salivettes®, as a standardized saliva collection device, and compared SARS-CoV-2 positivity on paired NPS and saliva specimens. Methods: A total of 303 individuals randomly selected among those investigated for SARS-CoV-2 were enrolled, including 30 (9.9%) patients previously positively tested using NPS (follow-up group), 90 (29.7%) mildly symptomatic and 183 (60.4%) asymptomatic. Results: The RT-qPCR revealed a positive rate of 11.6% (n = 35) and 17.2% (n = 52) for NPSs and saliva samples, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of saliva samples were 82.9% and 91.4%, respectively, using NPS as reference. The highest proportion of discordant results concerned the follow-up group (33.3%). Although the agreement exceeded 90.0% in the symptomatic and asymptomatic groups, 17 individuals were detected positive only in saliva samples, with consistent medical arguments. Conclusion Saliva collected with Salivette® was more sensitive for detecting symptomatic and pre-symptomatic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique Melo Costa
- Unité Parasitologie Et Entomologie, Département Microbiologie Et Maladies Infectieuses, Institut De Recherche Biomédicale Des Armées, Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, SSA, AP-HM, VITROME, Marseille, France
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Nicolas Benoit
- Unité Parasitologie Et Entomologie, Département Microbiologie Et Maladies Infectieuses, Institut De Recherche Biomédicale Des Armées, Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, SSA, AP-HM, VITROME, Marseille, France
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- Centre National De Référence Du Paludisme, Marseille, France
| | - Jerome Dormoi
- Unité Parasitologie Et Entomologie, Département Microbiologie Et Maladies Infectieuses, Institut De Recherche Biomédicale Des Armées, Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, SSA, AP-HM, VITROME, Marseille, France
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Remy Amalvict
- Unité Parasitologie Et Entomologie, Département Microbiologie Et Maladies Infectieuses, Institut De Recherche Biomédicale Des Armées, Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, SSA, AP-HM, VITROME, Marseille, France
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- Centre National De Référence Du Paludisme, Marseille, France
| | - Nicolas Gomez
- Unité Parasitologie Et Entomologie, Département Microbiologie Et Maladies Infectieuses, Institut De Recherche Biomédicale Des Armées, Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, SSA, AP-HM, VITROME, Marseille, France
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Hervé Tissot-Dupont
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, SSA, AP-HM, VITROME, Marseille, France
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Matthieu Million
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, SSA, AP-HM, VITROME, Marseille, France
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Bruno Pradines
- Unité Parasitologie Et Entomologie, Département Microbiologie Et Maladies Infectieuses, Institut De Recherche Biomédicale Des Armées, Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, SSA, AP-HM, VITROME, Marseille, France
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- Centre National De Référence Du Paludisme, Marseille, France
| | - Samuel Granjeaud
- CRCM Integrative Bioinformatics Platform, Centre De Recherche En Cancérologie De Marseille, INSERM, U1068, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CNRS, UMR7258, Aix-Marseille Université UM 105, Marseille, France
| | - Lionel Almeras
- Unité Parasitologie Et Entomologie, Département Microbiologie Et Maladies Infectieuses, Institut De Recherche Biomédicale Des Armées, Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, SSA, AP-HM, VITROME, Marseille, France
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
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King HAD, Gordon Joyce M, Naouar IE, Ahmed A, Cincotta CM, Subra C, Peachman KK, Hack HH, Chen RE, Thomas PV, Chen WH, Sankhala RS, Hajduczki A, Martinez EJ, Peterson CE, Chang WC, Choe M, Smith C, Headley JA, Elyard HA, Cook A, Anderson A, Wuertz KM, Dong M, Swafford I, Case JB, Currier JR, Lal KG, Amare MF, Dussupt V, Molnar S, Daye SP, Zeng X, Barkei EK, Alfson K, Staples HM, Carrion R, Krebs SJ, Paquin-Proulx D, Karasavvas N, Polonis VR, Jagodzinski LL, Vasan S, Scott PT, Huang Y, Nair MS, Ho DD, de Val N, Diamond MS, Lewis MG, Rao M, Matyas GR, Gromowski GD, Peel SA, Michael NL, Modjarrad K, Bolton DL. Efficacy and breadth of adjuvanted SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain nanoparticle vaccine in macaques. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2021. [PMID: 33851155 DOI: 10.1101/2021.04.09.439166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Emergence of novel variants of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) underscores the need for next-generation vaccines able to elicit broad and durable immunity. Here we report the evaluation of a ferritin nanoparticle vaccine displaying the receptor-binding domain of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (RFN) adjuvanted with Army Liposomal Formulation QS-21 (ALFQ). RFN vaccination of macaques using a two-dose regimen resulted in robust, predominantly Th1 CD4+ T cell responses and reciprocal peak mean neutralizing antibody titers of 14,000-21,000. Rapid control of viral replication was achieved in the upper and lower airways of animals after high-dose SARS-CoV-2 respiratory challenge, with undetectable replication within four days in 7 of 8 animals receiving 50 µg RFN. Cross-neutralization activity against SARS-CoV-2 variant B.1.351 decreased only ∼2-fold relative to USA-WA1. In addition, neutralizing, effector antibody and cellular responses targeted the heterotypic SARS-CoV-1, highlighting the broad immunogenicity of RFN-ALFQ for SARS-like betacoronavirus vaccine development. Significance Statement The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOC) that reduce the efficacy of current COVID-19 vaccines is a major threat to pandemic control. We evaluate a SARS-CoV-2 Spike receptor-binding domain ferritin nanoparticle protein vaccine (RFN) in a nonhuman primate challenge model that addresses the need for a next-generation, efficacious vaccine with increased pan-SARS breadth of coverage. RFN, adjuvanted with a liposomal-QS21 formulation (ALFQ), elicits humoral and cellular immune responses exceeding those of current vaccines in terms of breadth and potency and protects against high-dose respiratory tract challenge. Neutralization activity against the B.1.351 VOC within two-fold of wild-type virus and against SARS-CoV-1 indicate exceptional breadth. Our results support consideration of RFN for SARS-like betacoronavirus vaccine development.
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Farnsworth CW, Wallace MA, Liu A, Gronowski AM, Burnham CAD, Yarbrough ML. Evaluation of the Risk of Laboratory Microbial Contamination during Routine Testing in Automated Clinical Chemistry and Microbiology Laboratories. Clin Chem 2021; 66:1190-1199. [PMID: 32870987 DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/hvaa128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Every clinical specimen is potentially infectious, but data regarding risk for contamination of the laboratory environment during routine testing are scarce. We assessed contamination during routine sample analysis in automated clinical chemistry and microbiology laboratories. METHODS A fluorescent marker was applied to specimen container exteriors to assess the impact of gross contamination. Nonpathogenic MS2 virus was added to remnant blood, urine, and ESwab matrices as a biomarker of cross-contamination. Samples were processed and analyzed using Roche Cobas 8100 and ISE, c502, e602, and c702 modules (blood) and BD Kiestra total laboratory automation (blood, urine, ESwabs) over 3 experiments. Fluorescence transfer to laboratory surfaces and personnel was visualized using ultraviolet light. Surfaces were swabbed and assessed for MS2 cross-contamination by RT-PCR. Adherence to standard precautions by laboratory staff was assessed by observation. RESULTS Fluorescence was observed on 49 of 165 (30%) laboratory surfaces and personnel and 21 of 93 (23%) total laboratory automation instruments. Fluorescence transferred most frequently to gloves (31/40), computer accessories (9/18), and specimen loading racks (12/12). None of 123 areas swabbed were positive for MS2. Improper personal protective equipment use occurred at a rate of 0.36 and 0.15 events per staff per hour in the chemistry and microbiology laboratories, respectively. Hand-washing compliance was observed for 61 of 132 (46%) staff members evaluated. CONCLUSIONS Analysis of grossly contaminated specimens on automated chemistry and microbiology equipment elicits a low likelihood of instrument contamination. However, handling contaminated specimen containers can result in contamination of environmental laboratory surfaces, representing a source of risk that is heightened by low adherence to appropriate personal protective equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Meghan A Wallace
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Albert Liu
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Ann M Gronowski
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Carey-Ann D Burnham
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Melanie L Yarbrough
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
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Favipiravir antiviral efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 in a hamster model. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1735. [PMID: 33741945 PMCID: PMC7979801 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21992-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite no or limited pre-clinical evidence, repurposed drugs are massively evaluated in clinical trials to palliate the lack of antiviral molecules against SARS-CoV-2. Here we use a Syrian hamster model to assess the antiviral efficacy of favipiravir, understand its mechanism of action and determine its pharmacokinetics. When treatment is initiated before or simultaneously to infection, favipiravir has a strong dose effect, leading to reduction of infectious titers in lungs and clinical alleviation of the disease. Antiviral effect of favipiravir correlates with incorporation of a large number of mutations into viral genomes and decrease of viral infectivity. Antiviral efficacy is achieved with plasma drug exposure comparable with those previously found during human clinical trials. Notably, the highest dose of favipiravir tested is associated with signs of toxicity in animals. Thereby, pharmacokinetic and tolerance studies are required to determine whether similar effects can be safely achieved in humans.
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36
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Investigation of skin microbiota reveals Mycobacterium ulcerans-Aspergillus sp. trans-kingdom communication. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3777. [PMID: 33580189 PMCID: PMC7881091 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83236-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium ulcerans secrete a series of non-ribosomal-encoded toxins known as mycolactones that are responsible for causing a disabling ulceration of the skin and subcutaneous tissues named Buruli ulcer. The disease is the sole non-contagion among the three most common mycobacterial diseases in humans. Direct contact with contaminated wetlands is a risk factor for Buruli ulcer, responsible for M. ulcerans skin carriage before transcutaneous inoculation with this opportunistic pathogen. In this study, we analysed the bacterial and fungal skin microbiota in individuals exposed to M. ulcerans in Burkina Faso. We showed that M. ulcerans-specific DNA sequences were detected on the unbreached skin of 6/52 (11.5%) asymptomatic farmers living in Sindou versus 0/52 (0%) of those living in the non-endemic region of Tenkodogo. Then, we cultured the skin microbiota of asymptomatic M. ulcerans carriers and negative control individuals, all living in the region of Sindou. A total of 84 different bacterial and fungal species were isolated, 21 from M. ulcerans-negative skin samples, 31 from M. ulcerans-positive samples and 32 from both. More specifically, Actinobacteria, Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus flavus were significantly associated with M. ulcerans skin carriage. We further observed that in vitro, mycolactones induced spore germination of A. flavus, attracting the fungal network. These unprecedented observations suggest that interactions with fungi may modulate the outcome of M. ulcerans skin carriage, opening new venues to the understanding of Buruli ulcer pathology, prophylaxis and treatment of this still neglected tropical infection.
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Bouam A, Vincent JJ, Drancourt M, Raoult D, Levy PY. Preventing contamination of PCR-based multiplex assays including the use of a dedicated biosafety cabinet. Lett Appl Microbiol 2021; 72:98-103. [PMID: 33245575 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
We retrospectively investigated cases of false-positive diagnoses using the BIOFIRE® FilmArray® meningitis/encephalitis (ME) panel to measure the impact of using a dedicated biosafety cabinet combined with preventive measures to reduce the prevalence of false-positive diagnoses due to pre-analytical in-laboratory contamination. False-positive results were identified by reviewing clinical data, biological parameters and cytology results of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples showing discrepant results between the FilmArray ME panel and routine PCR assays. A total of 327 CSF were analysed over 16 weeks in point-of-care (POC) A and B, over two 8-week periods, periods 1 and 2. The analysis yielded 30 (9·17%) detection of at least one pathogen including 21/30 (70%) viruses and 9/30 (30%) bacteria. During period 1, POC-A and POC-B manipulated CSF under a non-dedicated hood featuring laminar flow, whereas during period 2, CSFs were manipulated under a dedicated biosafety cabinet without any airflow in POC-A. During period 1, false positives were detected in 3/114 CSF (2·63%) in POC-A and 1/36 (2·77%) in POC-B (P = 0·97); during period 2, false positives were detected in 0/139 CSF (0%) in POC-A and 1/38 (2·63%) in POC-B (P = 0·23). All false positives were bacterial. The use of a dedicated cabinet without ventilation along with preventive measures during period 2 in POC-A significantly reduced the number of false-positive results (P = 0·05). Preventive measures described in this study can mitigate false positives when using PCR-based multiplex assays such as the BIOFIRE FilmArray ME Panel for the diagnosis of meningitis and other infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bouam
- POCRAMé, Marseille, France
- IRD, MEPHI, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - J J Vincent
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - M Drancourt
- IRD, MEPHI, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - D Raoult
- IRD, MEPHI, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - P Y Levy
- POCRAMé, Marseille, France
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
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Louboutin L, Cabon J, Vigouroux E, Morin T, Danion M. Comparative analysis of the course of infection and the immune response in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) infected with the 5 genotypes of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus. Virology 2021; 552:20-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2020.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Enteroviruses from Humans and Great Apes in the Republic of Congo: Recombination within Enterovirus C Serotypes. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8111779. [PMID: 33202777 PMCID: PMC7709013 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8111779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Enteroviruses (EVs) are viruses of the family Picornaviridae that cause mild to severe infections in humans and in several animal species, including non-human primates (NHPs). We conducted a survey and characterization of enteroviruses circulating between humans and great apes in the Congo. Fecal samples (N = 24) of gorillas and chimpanzees living close to or distant from humans in three Congolese parks were collected, as well as from healthy humans (N = 38) living around and within these parks. Enteroviruses were detected in 29.4% of gorilla and 13.15% of human feces, including wild and human-habituated gorillas, local humans and eco-guards. Two identical strains were isolated from two humans coming from two remote regions. Their genomes were similar and all genes showed their close similarity to coxsackieviruses, except for the 3C, 3D and 5′-UTR regions, where they were most similar to poliovirus 1 and 2, suggesting recombination. Recombination events were found between these strains, poliovirus 1 and 2 and EV-C99. It is possible that the same EV-C species circulated in both humans and apes in different regions in the Congo, which must be confirmed in other investigations. In addition, other studies are needed to further investigate the circulation and genetic diversity of enteroviruses in the great ape population, to draw a definitive conclusion on the different species and types of enteroviruses circulating in the Republic of Congo.
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Rissmann M, Kley N, Ulrich R, Stoek F, Balkema-Buschmann A, Eiden M, Groschup MH. Competency of Amphibians and Reptiles and Their Potential Role as Reservoir Hosts for Rift Valley Fever Virus. Viruses 2020; 12:v12111206. [PMID: 33114178 PMCID: PMC7690770 DOI: 10.3390/v12111206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Rift Valley fever phlebovirus (RVFV) is an arthropod-borne zoonotic pathogen, which is endemic in Africa, causing large epidemics, characterized by severe diseases in ruminants but also in humans. As in vitro and field investigations proposed amphibians and reptiles to potentially play a role in the enzootic amplification of the virus, we experimentally infected African common toads and common agamas with two RVFV strains. Lymph or sera, as well as oral, cutaneous and anal swabs were collected from the challenged animals to investigate seroconversion, viremia and virus shedding. Furthermore, groups of animals were euthanized 3, 10 and 21 days post-infection (dpi) to examine viral loads in different tissues during the infection. Our data show for the first time that toads are refractory to RVFV infection, showing neither seroconversion, viremia, shedding nor tissue manifestation. In contrast, all agamas challenged with the RVFV strain ZH501 carried virus genomes in the spleens at 3 dpi, but the animals displayed neither viremia nor virus shedding. In conclusion, the results of this study indicate that amphibians are not susceptible and reptiles are only susceptible to a low extent to RVFV, indicating that both species play, if at all, rather a subordinate role in the RVF virus ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Rissmann
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany; (M.R.); (N.K.); (F.S.); (A.B.-B.); (M.E.)
| | - Nils Kley
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany; (M.R.); (N.K.); (F.S.); (A.B.-B.); (M.E.)
| | - Reiner Ulrich
- Department of Experimental Animal Facilities and Biorisk Management, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany;
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Franziska Stoek
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany; (M.R.); (N.K.); (F.S.); (A.B.-B.); (M.E.)
| | - Anne Balkema-Buschmann
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany; (M.R.); (N.K.); (F.S.); (A.B.-B.); (M.E.)
| | - Martin Eiden
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany; (M.R.); (N.K.); (F.S.); (A.B.-B.); (M.E.)
| | - Martin H. Groschup
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany; (M.R.); (N.K.); (F.S.); (A.B.-B.); (M.E.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-38351-7-1163
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Pezzi L, Charrel RN, Ninove L, Nougairede A, Molle G, Coutard B, Durand G, Leparc-Goffart I, de Lamballerie X, Thirion L. Development and Evaluation of a duo SARS-CoV-2 RT-qPCR Assay Combining Two Assays Approved by the World Health Organization Targeting the Envelope and the RNA-Dependant RNA Polymerase (RdRp) Coding Regions. Viruses 2020; 12:E686. [PMID: 32630601 PMCID: PMC7354606 DOI: 10.3390/v12060686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) worldwide has highlighted the importance of reliable and rapid diagnostic testing to prevent and control virus circulation. Dozens of monoplex in-house RT-qPCR assays are already available; however, the development of dual-target assays is suited to avoid false-negative results caused by polymorphisms or point mutations, that can compromise the accuracy of diagnostic and screening tests. In this study, two mono-target assays recommended by WHO (E-Sarbeco (enveloppe gene, Charite University, Berlin, Germany) and RdRp-IP4 (RdRp, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France)) were selected and combined in a unique robust test; the resulting duo SARS-CoV-2 RT-qPCR assay was compared to the two parental monoplex tests. The duo SARS-CoV-2 assay performed equally, or better, in terms of sensitivity, specificity, linearity and signal intensity. We demonstrated that combining two single systems into a dual-target assay (with or without an MS2-based internal control) did not impair performances, providing a potent tool adapted for routine molecular diagnosis in clinical microbiology laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Pezzi
- UR7310, Laboratoire de Virologie, Université de Corse-Inserm, 20250 Corte, France;
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille Univ-IRD 190-Inserm 1207-IHU Méditerranée Infection), 13005 Marseille, France; (L.N.); (A.N.); (G.M.); (B.C.); (G.D.); (I.L.-G.); (X.d.L.); (L.T.)
| | - Remi N. Charrel
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille Univ-IRD 190-Inserm 1207-IHU Méditerranée Infection), 13005 Marseille, France; (L.N.); (A.N.); (G.M.); (B.C.); (G.D.); (I.L.-G.); (X.d.L.); (L.T.)
| | - Laetitia Ninove
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille Univ-IRD 190-Inserm 1207-IHU Méditerranée Infection), 13005 Marseille, France; (L.N.); (A.N.); (G.M.); (B.C.); (G.D.); (I.L.-G.); (X.d.L.); (L.T.)
| | - Antoine Nougairede
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille Univ-IRD 190-Inserm 1207-IHU Méditerranée Infection), 13005 Marseille, France; (L.N.); (A.N.); (G.M.); (B.C.); (G.D.); (I.L.-G.); (X.d.L.); (L.T.)
| | - Gregory Molle
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille Univ-IRD 190-Inserm 1207-IHU Méditerranée Infection), 13005 Marseille, France; (L.N.); (A.N.); (G.M.); (B.C.); (G.D.); (I.L.-G.); (X.d.L.); (L.T.)
| | - Bruno Coutard
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille Univ-IRD 190-Inserm 1207-IHU Méditerranée Infection), 13005 Marseille, France; (L.N.); (A.N.); (G.M.); (B.C.); (G.D.); (I.L.-G.); (X.d.L.); (L.T.)
| | - Guillaume Durand
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille Univ-IRD 190-Inserm 1207-IHU Méditerranée Infection), 13005 Marseille, France; (L.N.); (A.N.); (G.M.); (B.C.); (G.D.); (I.L.-G.); (X.d.L.); (L.T.)
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, National Reference Laboratory for Arboviruses, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Isabelle Leparc-Goffart
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille Univ-IRD 190-Inserm 1207-IHU Méditerranée Infection), 13005 Marseille, France; (L.N.); (A.N.); (G.M.); (B.C.); (G.D.); (I.L.-G.); (X.d.L.); (L.T.)
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, National Reference Laboratory for Arboviruses, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Xavier de Lamballerie
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille Univ-IRD 190-Inserm 1207-IHU Méditerranée Infection), 13005 Marseille, France; (L.N.); (A.N.); (G.M.); (B.C.); (G.D.); (I.L.-G.); (X.d.L.); (L.T.)
| | - Laurence Thirion
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille Univ-IRD 190-Inserm 1207-IHU Méditerranée Infection), 13005 Marseille, France; (L.N.); (A.N.); (G.M.); (B.C.); (G.D.); (I.L.-G.); (X.d.L.); (L.T.)
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Medkour H, Amona I, Akiana J, Davoust B, Bitam I, Levasseur A, Tall ML, Diatta G, Sokhna C, Hernandez-Aguilar RA, Barciela A, Gorsane S, La Scola B, Raoult D, Fenollar F, Mediannikov O. Adenovirus Infections in African Humans and Wild Non-Human Primates: Great Diversity and Cross-Species Transmission. Viruses 2020; 12:v12060657. [PMID: 32570742 PMCID: PMC7354429 DOI: 10.3390/v12060657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-human primates (NHPs) are known hosts for adenoviruses (AdVs), so there is the possibility of the zoonotic or cross-species transmission of AdVs. As with humans, AdV infections in animals can cause diseases that range from asymptomatic to fatal. The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence and diversity of AdVs in: (i) fecal samples of apes and monkeys from different African countries (Republic of Congo, Senegal, Djibouti and Algeria), (ii) stool of humans living near gorillas in the Republic of Congo, in order to explore the potential zoonotic risks. Samples were screened by real-time and standard PCRs, followed by the sequencing of the partial DNA polymerase gene in order to identify the AdV species. The prevalence was 3.3 folds higher in NHPs than in humans. More than 1/3 (35.8%) of the NHPs and 1/10 (10.5%) of the humans excreted AdVs in their feces. The positive rate was high in great apes (46%), with a maximum of 54.2% in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and 35.9% in gorillas (Gorilla gorilla), followed by monkeys (25.6%), with 27.5% in Barbary macaques (Macaca sylvanus) and 23.1% in baboons (seven Papio papio and six Papio hamadryas). No green monkeys (Chlorocebus sabaeus) were found to be positive for AdVs. The AdVs detected in NHPs were members of Human mastadenovirus E (HAdV-E), HAdV-C or HAdV-B, and those in the humans belonged to HAdV-C or HAdV-D. HAdV-C members were detected in both gorillas and humans, with evidence of zoonotic transmission since phylogenetic analysis revealed that gorilla AdVs belonging to HAdV-C were genetically identical to strains detected in humans who had been living around gorillas, and, inversely, a HAdV-C member HAdV type was detected in gorillas. This confirms the gorilla-to-human transmission of adenovirus. which has been reported previously. In addition, HAdV-E members, the most often detected here, are widely distributed among NHP species regardless of their origin, i.e., HAdV-E members seem to lack host specificity. Virus isolation was successful from a human sample and the strain of the Mbo024 genome, of 35 kb, that was identified as belonging to HAdV-D, exhibited close identity to HAdV-D members for all genes. This study provides information on the AdVs that infect African NHPs and the human populations living nearby, with an evident zoonotic transmission. It is likely that AdVs crossed the species barrier between different NHP species (especially HAdV-E members), between NHPs and humans (especially HAdV-C), but also between humans, NHPs and other animal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hacène Medkour
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13385 Marseille CEDEX 05, France; (H.M.); (I.A.); (B.D.); (A.L.); (M.L.T.); (C.S.); (B.L.S.); (D.R.); (F.F.)
- Aix-Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, Microbes, MEPHI, 13385 Marseille CEDEX 05, France
- PADESCA Laboratory, Veterinary Science Institute, University Constantine 1, El Khroub 25100, Algeria
| | - Inestin Amona
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13385 Marseille CEDEX 05, France; (H.M.); (I.A.); (B.D.); (A.L.); (M.L.T.); (C.S.); (B.L.S.); (D.R.); (F.F.)
- Aix-Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, 13385 Marseille CEDEX 05, France; (I.B.); (G.D.)
- Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Marien NGOUABI, Brazzaville, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Jean Akiana
- Laboratoire National de Santé Publique, Brazzaville, Democratic Republic of the Congo;
| | - Bernard Davoust
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13385 Marseille CEDEX 05, France; (H.M.); (I.A.); (B.D.); (A.L.); (M.L.T.); (C.S.); (B.L.S.); (D.R.); (F.F.)
- Aix-Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, Microbes, MEPHI, 13385 Marseille CEDEX 05, France
| | - Idir Bitam
- Aix-Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, 13385 Marseille CEDEX 05, France; (I.B.); (G.D.)
- Superior School of Food Sciences and Food Industries, Algiers 16004, Algeria
| | - Anthony Levasseur
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13385 Marseille CEDEX 05, France; (H.M.); (I.A.); (B.D.); (A.L.); (M.L.T.); (C.S.); (B.L.S.); (D.R.); (F.F.)
- Aix-Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, Microbes, MEPHI, 13385 Marseille CEDEX 05, France
| | - Mamadou Lamine Tall
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13385 Marseille CEDEX 05, France; (H.M.); (I.A.); (B.D.); (A.L.); (M.L.T.); (C.S.); (B.L.S.); (D.R.); (F.F.)
- Aix-Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, Microbes, MEPHI, 13385 Marseille CEDEX 05, France
| | - Georges Diatta
- Aix-Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, 13385 Marseille CEDEX 05, France; (I.B.); (G.D.)
- VITROME IRD 198, Campus IRD/UCAD, Hann Les Maristes, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Cheikh Sokhna
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13385 Marseille CEDEX 05, France; (H.M.); (I.A.); (B.D.); (A.L.); (M.L.T.); (C.S.); (B.L.S.); (D.R.); (F.F.)
- Aix-Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, 13385 Marseille CEDEX 05, France; (I.B.); (G.D.)
- VITROME IRD 198, Campus IRD/UCAD, Hann Les Maristes, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Raquel Adriana Hernandez-Aguilar
- Department of Social Psychology and Quantitative Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Barcelona, Passeig de la Vall d’Hebron 171, 08035 Barcelona, Spain;
- Jane Goodall Institute Spain and Senegal, Dindefelo Biological Station, Dindefelo, Kedougou, Senegal;
| | - Amanda Barciela
- Jane Goodall Institute Spain and Senegal, Dindefelo Biological Station, Dindefelo, Kedougou, Senegal;
| | - Slim Gorsane
- Direction Interarmées du Service de Santé des Armées des Forces Françaises Stationnées à Djibouti;
| | - Bernard La Scola
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13385 Marseille CEDEX 05, France; (H.M.); (I.A.); (B.D.); (A.L.); (M.L.T.); (C.S.); (B.L.S.); (D.R.); (F.F.)
- Aix-Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, Microbes, MEPHI, 13385 Marseille CEDEX 05, France
| | - Didier Raoult
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13385 Marseille CEDEX 05, France; (H.M.); (I.A.); (B.D.); (A.L.); (M.L.T.); (C.S.); (B.L.S.); (D.R.); (F.F.)
- Aix-Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, Microbes, MEPHI, 13385 Marseille CEDEX 05, France
| | - Florence Fenollar
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13385 Marseille CEDEX 05, France; (H.M.); (I.A.); (B.D.); (A.L.); (M.L.T.); (C.S.); (B.L.S.); (D.R.); (F.F.)
- Aix-Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, 13385 Marseille CEDEX 05, France; (I.B.); (G.D.)
| | - Oleg Mediannikov
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13385 Marseille CEDEX 05, France; (H.M.); (I.A.); (B.D.); (A.L.); (M.L.T.); (C.S.); (B.L.S.); (D.R.); (F.F.)
- Aix-Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, Microbes, MEPHI, 13385 Marseille CEDEX 05, France
- Correspondence:
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Cabon J, Almeras F, Baud M, Pallandre L, Morin T, Louboutin L. Susceptibility of pike Esox lucius to VHSV and IHNV and potential transmission to rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2020; 139:175-187. [PMID: 32495744 DOI: 10.3354/dao03474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Determining the origin of recurrent outbreaks of fish diseases occurring on fish farms is essential for disease prevention and control measures. In this study, we investigated the potential reservoir role of wild fish species living near salmonid farms which were regularly found to be positive for viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV). In addition to VHSV, infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) was also isolated from several pike Esox lucius samples collected from a pond near the salmonid farms of interest. All isolates of VHSV and IHNV analyzed had 100% identical partial glycoprotein gene sequences. VHSV pike strain OO128-25 belonged to the Ia genotype and shared 99.1 to 99.5% nucleotide identity with strains recently isolated from the farms. IHNV pike strain OO121-8, European genotype, appeared to be different from strains from France characterized since the first isolation in 1987. Isolates representative of both viral species were highly virulent in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. OO128-25 induced 65% mortality in pike fingerlings, whereas only weak mortality was observed with OO121-8, despite characteristic symptoms in infected fish. High levels of specific antibodies to VHSV and IHNV were detected in adult pike in the absence of clinical signs. Infection of rainbow trout in contact with experimentally VHSV- or IHNV-infected pike fingerlings indicates possible horizontal transmission. These results suggest that pike could act as a reservoir for VHSV and IHNV in the wild, providing additional evidence to explain viral persistence and resurgence in certain areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Cabon
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Viral Fish Diseases Unit, National Reference Laboratory for Regulated Fish Diseases, 29280 Plouzané, France
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Point-of-care multiplexed diagnosis of meningitis using the FilmArray® ME panel technology. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2020; 39:1573-1580. [DOI: 10.1007/s10096-020-03859-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Rapid viral diagnosis and ambulatory management of suspected COVID-19 cases presenting at the infectious diseases referral hospital in Marseille, France, - January 31st to March 1st, 2020: A respiratory virus snapshot. Travel Med Infect Dis 2020; 36:101632. [PMID: 32205269 PMCID: PMC7102626 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background Rapid virological diagnosis is needed to limit the length of isolation for suspected COVID-19 cases. Method We managed the first 280 patients suspected to have COVID-19 through a rapid care circuit and virological diagnosis in our infectious disease reference hospital in Marseille, France. Rapid viral detection was performed on sputum and nasopharyngeal samples. Results Over our study period, no SARS-CoV-2 was detected. Results were obtained within approximately 3 h of the arrival of patient samples at the laboratory. Other viral infections were identified in 49% of the patients, with most common pathogens being influenza A and B viruses, rhinovirus, metapneumovirus and common coronaviruses, notably HKU1 and NL63. Conclusion Early recognition of COVID-19 is critical to isolate confirmed cases and prevent further transmission. Early rule-out of COVID-19 allows public health containment measures to be adjusted by reducing the time spent in isolation.
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Testing the repatriated for SARS-Cov2: Should laboratory-based quarantine replace traditional quarantine? Travel Med Infect Dis 2020; 34:101624. [PMID: 32179125 PMCID: PMC7102645 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background An ongoing epidemic of respiratory diseases caused by a novel coronavirus (COVID 2019, SARS-CoV2) started in Wuhan, Hubei, in China at the end of December 2019. The French government decided to repatriate the 337 French nationals living in Wuhan and place them in quarantine in their home country. We decided to test them all for SARS-Cov2 twice in order to reduce anxiety among the population and decision-makers. Methods We investigated the presence of SARS-CoV-19 in asymptomatic carriers by testing all repatriated patients within the first 24 h of their arrival in France and at day 5. Viral RNA was extracted from pooled nasal and oropharyngeal swab fluids or sputum in the absence of nasal/oropharyngeal swabs. Detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA was then carried out using several real-time reverse transcription (RT)-PCR assays. Results We tested 337 passengers at day 0 and day 5. All the tests for SARS-CoV2 were negative. By optimising the sampling process, sending samples sequentially and reducing the time-scale for biological analysis, we were able to test the samples within 5 h (including sampling, shipment and biological tests). Conclusion Optimising our procedures reduces anxiety and reassures the population and decision makers.
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Gutjahr B, Keller M, Rissmann M, von Arnim F, Jäckel S, Reiche S, Ulrich R, Groschup MH, Eiden M. Two monoclonal antibodies against glycoprotein Gn protect mice from Rift Valley Fever challenge by cooperative effects. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008143. [PMID: 32160203 PMCID: PMC7089562 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is a zoonotic arbovirus that causes severe disease in humans and ruminants. The infection is characterized by abortions in pregnant animals, high mortality in neonates as well as febrile illness in humans that develop in 1% of cases encephalitis or hemorrhagic fever. There is presently no specific antiviral treatment for RVFV infection available. In this study, two monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), raised against glycoprotein Gn, were applied in a therapeutic study. Treatment of RVFV infected mice with neutralizing mAb Gn3 alone at two different time points (30 minutes before or 30 minutes after virus challenge) showed only moderate efficacy of about 58.3% survival in both applications. However, a combination therapy together with non-neutralizing mAb Gn32 demonstrated complete protection (100% survival) when applied 30 minutes after the lethal challenge dose. The increase of mAb efficacy is probably based on cooperative neutralization effects. These data suggest that a combination therapy with mAbs Gn3 and Gn32 could be an effective treatment option against RVFV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Gutjahr
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Markus Keller
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Melanie Rissmann
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Felicitas von Arnim
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Susanne Jäckel
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
- Saxon State Laboratory of Health and Veterinary Affairs, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sven Reiche
- Department of Experimental Animal Facilities and Biorisk Management, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Reiner Ulrich
- Department of Experimental Animal Facilities and Biorisk Management, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martin H. Groschup
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Martin Eiden
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
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48
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Performance evaluation of a laboratory developed PCR test for quantitation of HIV-2 viral RNA. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0229424. [PMID: 32109949 PMCID: PMC7048284 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Management of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 2 (HIV-2) infections present unique challenges due to low viral titers, slow disease progression, and poor response to standard antiviral therapies. The need for a nucleic acid assay to detect and quantify HIV-2 virus has led to the development of a number of molecular-based assays for detection and/or quantification of HIV-2 viral RNA in plasma in order to provide laboratory evidence of HIV-2 infection and viral loads for use in treatment decisions. As HIV-2 is less pathogenic and transmissible than HIV-1 and has resistance to several of the antiretroviral drugs, delay of treatment is common. Cross sero-reactivity between HIV-1 and HIV-2 makes it difficult to distinguish between the two viruses based upon serological tests. As such we developed a quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) assay targeting the 5' long terminal repeat of HIV-2 for detection and quantification of HIV-2 viral RNA in plasma to identify HIV-2 infection and for use in viral load monitoring. Serial dilutions of cultured HIV-2 virus demonstrated a wide dynamic range (10 to 100,000 copies/ml) with excellent reproducibility (standard deviation from 0.12-0.19), linearity (R2 = 0.9994), and a lower limit of detection at 79 copies/ml (NIH-Z). The assay is highly specific for HIV-2 Groups A and B and exhibits no cross reactivity to HIV-1, HBV or HCV. Precision of the assay was demonstrated for the High (Mean = 6.41; SD = 0.12) and Medium (Mean = 4.46; SD = 0.13) HIV-2 positive controls. Replicate testing of clinical specimens showed good reproducibility above 1,000 copies/ml, with higher variability under 1,000 copies/ml. Analysis of 220 plasma samples from HIV-2 infected West African individuals demonstrated significantly lower viral loads than those observed in HIV-1 infections, consistent with results of previous studies. Slightly more than seven percent of clinical samples (7.3%) demonstrated viral loads above 100,000 copies/ml, while 37.3% of samples were undetectable. The high sensitivity, specificity, precision, and linearity of the WRAIR qRT-PCR assay makes it well suited for detection and monitoring of HIV-2 RNA levels in plasma of infected individuals.
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49
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van Boheemen S, van Rijn AL, Pappas N, Carbo EC, Vorderman RHP, Sidorov I, van T Hof PJ, Mei H, Claas ECJ, Kroes ACM, de Vries JJC. Retrospective Validation of a Metagenomic Sequencing Protocol for Combined Detection of RNA and DNA Viruses Using Respiratory Samples from Pediatric Patients. J Mol Diagn 2020; 22:196-207. [PMID: 31837435 PMCID: PMC7106021 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoldx.2019.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Viruses are the main cause of respiratory tract infections. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) enables unbiased detection of all potential pathogens. To apply mNGS in viral diagnostics, sensitive and simultaneous detection of RNA and DNA viruses is needed. Herein, were studied the performance of an in-house mNGS protocol for routine diagnostics of viral respiratory infections with potential for automated pan-pathogen detection. The sequencing protocol and bioinformatics analysis were designed and optimized, including exogenous internal controls. Subsequently, the protocol was retrospectively validated using 25 clinical respiratory samples. The developed protocol using Illumina NextSeq 500 sequencing showed high repeatability. Use of the National Center for Biotechnology Information's RefSeq database as opposed to the National Center for Biotechnology Information's nucleotide database led to enhanced specificity of classification of viral pathogens. A correlation was established between read counts and PCR cycle threshold value. Sensitivity of mNGS, compared with PCR, varied up to 83%, with specificity of 94%, dependent on the cutoff for defining positive mNGS results. Viral pathogens only detected by mNGS, not present in the routine diagnostic workflow, were influenza C, KI polyomavirus, cytomegalovirus, and enterovirus. Sensitivity and analytical specificity of this mNGS protocol were comparable to PCR and higher when considering off-PCR target viral pathogens. One single test detected all potential viral pathogens and simultaneously obtained detailed information on detected viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sander van Boheemen
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Anneloes L van Rijn
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Nikos Pappas
- Sequencing Analysis Support Core, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Ellen C Carbo
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Ruben H P Vorderman
- Sequencing Analysis Support Core, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Igor Sidorov
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Peter J van T Hof
- Sequencing Analysis Support Core, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Hailiang Mei
- Sequencing Analysis Support Core, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Eric C J Claas
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Aloys C M Kroes
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Jutte J C de Vries
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
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50
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Nunes BTD, de Mendonça MHR, Simith DDB, Moraes AF, Cardoso CC, Prazeres ITE, de Aquino AA, Santos ADCM, Queiroz ALN, Rodrigues DSG, Andriolo RB, Travassos da Rosa ES, Martins LC, Vasconcelos PFDC, Medeiros DBDA. Development of RT-qPCR and semi-nested RT-PCR assays for molecular diagnosis of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2019; 13:e0007884. [PMID: 31877142 PMCID: PMC6932758 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome is an, often fatal, emerging zoonotic disease in the Americas caused by hantaviruses (family: Hantaviridae). In Brazil, hantavirus routine diagnosis is based on serology (IgM-ELISA) while RT-PCR is often used to confirm acute infection. A Semi-nested RT-PCR and an internally controlled RT-qPCR assays were developed for detection and quantification of four hantaviruses strains circulating in the Brazilian Amazon: Anajatuba (ANAJV) and Castelo dos Sonhos (CASV) strains of Andes virus (ANDV) species; and Rio Mamoré (RIOMV) and Laguna Negra (LNV) strains of LNV species. A consensus region in the N gene of these hantaviruses was used to design the primer sets and a hydrolysis probe. In vitro transcribed RNA was diluted in standards with known concentration. MS2 bacteriophage RNA was detected together with hantavirus RNA as an exogenous control in a duplex reaction. RT-qPCR efficiency was around 100% and the limit of detection was 0.9 copies/μL of RNA for RT-qPCR and 10 copies/μL of RNA for Semi-nested RT-PCR. There was no amplification of either negative samples or samples positive to other pathogens. To assess the protocol for clinical sensitivity, specificity and general accuracy values, both assays were used to test two groups of samples: one comprising patients with disease (n = 50) and other containing samples from healthy individuals (n = 50), according to IgM-ELISA results. A third group of samples (n = 27) infected with other pathogens were tested for specificity analysis. RT-qPCR was more sensitive than semi-nested RT-PCR, being able to detect three samples undetected by conventional RT-PCR. RT-qPCR clinical sensitivity, specificity and general accuracy values were 92.5%, 100% and 97.63%, respectively. Thus, the assays developed in this study were able to detect the four Brazilian Amazon hantaviruses with good specificity and sensitivity, and may become powerful tools in diagnostic, surveillance and research applications of these and possibly other hantaviruses. Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS) is a serious and often fatal disease caused by viruses known as hantaviruses. These viruses are harbored by wild rodents and people can become infected through contact with infected-rodents droppings, urine or saliva. After an incubation time of 1–8 weeks, patients usually present flu-like symptoms such as fever, fatigue and muscle aches, although some patients may also present headaches, dizziness, chills, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. It is only 4–10 days after initial symptoms, however, that the severe stage of disease takes place. Symptoms include coughing, shortness of breath and eventually the lungs fill with fluid which can lead to shock and death. As such, HPS should be diagnosed quickly as any delay may have great impact on patient recovery. However, given the unspecific nature of early symptoms, clinical diagnosis of HPS is difficult and laboratory assays are needed to confirm hantavirus infection as soon as possible, helping physicians to choose the most adequate treatment. In this study, we developed new laboratory assays that can help detect the virus in infected patients in early stages of disease. In addition, we showed these assays have a good performance in discriminating HPS from other similar diseases by testing not only several samples collected from both HPS patients and healthy individuals but also samples infected with other pathogens. Our results show that these assays may become important tools for rapid, sensitive and specific diagnosis of HPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Tardelli Diniz Nunes
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua, Brazil
- Post-Graduation Program in Virology, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua, Brazil
| | | | - Darlene de Brito Simith
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua, Brazil
- Post-Graduation Program in Virology, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua, Brazil
| | - Adriana Freitas Moraes
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua, Brazil
| | - Carla Conceição Cardoso
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Alice de Aquino
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Livia Carício Martins
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua, Brazil
| | - Pedro Fernando da Costa Vasconcelos
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua, Brazil
- Post-Graduation Program in Virology, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua, Brazil
| | - Daniele Barbosa de Almeida Medeiros
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua, Brazil
- Post-Graduation Program in Virology, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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