1
|
Idowu OK, Oremosu AA, Dosumu OO, Mohammed AA. Ribose-cysteine and levodopa abrogate Parkinsonism via the regulation of neurochemical and redox activities in alpha-synuclein transgenic Drosophila melanogaster models. Fly (Austin) 2024; 18:2306687. [PMID: 38286464 PMCID: PMC10826630 DOI: 10.1080/19336934.2024.2306687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD), the most prevalent type of parkinsonism, is a progressive neurodegenerative condition marked by several non-motor and motor symptoms. PD is thought to have a complex aetiology that includes a combination of age, genetic predisposition, and environmental factors. Increased expression of α-synuclein (α-Syn) protein is central to the evolvement of neuropathology in this devastating disorder, but the potential of ribose-cysteine and levodopa in abating pathophysiologic changes in PD model is unknown. Crosses were set up between flies conditionally expressing a pathological variant of human α-Syn (UAS-α-Syn) and those expressing GAL4 in neurons (elav-GAL4) to generate offspring referred to as PD flies. Flies were randomly assigned to five groups (n = 40) from the total population of flies, with each group having five replicates. Groups of PD flies were treated with either 500 mg/kg ribose-cysteine diet, 250 mg/kg levodopa diet, or a combination of the two compounds for 21 days, whereas the control group (w1118) and the PD group were exposed to a diet without ribose-cysteine or levodopa. In addition to various biochemical and neurochemical assays, longevity, larval motility, and gravitaxis assays were carried out. Locomotive capability, lifespan, fecundity, antioxidant state, and neurotransmitter systems were all significantly (p < 0.05) compromised by overexpression of α-Syn. However, flies treated both ribose cysteine and levodopa showed an overall marked improvement in motor functions, lifespan, fecundity, antioxidant status, and neurotransmitter system functions. In conclusion, ribose-cysteine and levodopa, both singly and in combination, potentiated a therapeutic effect on alpha-synuclein transgenic Drosophila melanogaster models of Parkinsonism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olumayowa K. Idowu
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
- Department of Anatomy, College of Health Sciences, Osun State University, Osogbo, Nigeria
| | - Ademola A. Oremosu
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Olufunke O. Dosumu
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Abdullahi A. Mohammed
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Rwanda
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bakhtiarzadeh F, Shahpasand K, Shojaei A, Fathollahi Y, Roohi N, Barkley V, Mirnajafi-Zadeh J. Age-dependent Effects of Dopamine on Working Memory and Synaptic Plasticity in Hippocampal CA3-CA1 Synapses in Mice. Neuroscience 2023; 532:14-22. [PMID: 37741356 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
Normal aging in mammals is accompanied by a decline in learning and memory. Dopamine plays a vital role in regulating cognitive functions, but it declines with age: During non-pathological aging, dopamine levels, receptors, and transporters decrease. Regarding the role of the dopaminergic system's changes in old age, we examined the effect of age and applied dopamine on working memory, synaptic transmission, and long-term potentiation (LTP) induction and maintenance in young adult and mature adult mice. We employed the Y-maze spontaneous alteration test to evaluate working memory. Maturation had no observed effect on working memory performance. Interestingly, working memory performance increased following intracerebroventricular administration of dopamine only in mature adult mice. We employed evoked field potential recording (in vitro) to assess the effects of age and maturation on the long-term potentiation (LTP) induction and maintenance. There was no difference in LTP induction and maintenance between young and mature adult mice before dopamine application. However, the application of dopamine on mature adult murine slices increased LTP magnitude compared to slices from young adults. According to the obtained results, it may be concluded that hippocampal neural excitability increased in mature adult subjects, and application of dopamine abolished the difference in neural excitability among young mature and adult mature groups; which was accompanied with increment of working memory and synaptic potentiation in mature adult animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Bakhtiarzadeh
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Koorosh Shahpasand
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Shojaei
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran; Institute for Brain Sciences and Cognition, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yaghoub Fathollahi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nahid Roohi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vicrotia Barkley
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Management, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Javad Mirnajafi-Zadeh
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran; Institute for Brain Sciences and Cognition, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Rumian NL, Freund RK, Dell’Acqua ML, Coultrap SJ, Bayer KU. Decreased nitrosylation of CaMKII causes aging-associated impairments in memory and synaptic plasticity in mice. Sci Signal 2023; 16:eade5892. [PMID: 37490545 PMCID: PMC10485821 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.ade5892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
CaMKII has molecular memory functions because transient calcium ion stimuli can induce long-lasting increases in its synaptic localization and calcium ion-independent (autonomous) activity, thereby leaving memory traces of calcium ion stimuli beyond their duration. The synaptic effects of two mechanisms that induce CaMKII autonomy are well studied: autophosphorylation at threonine-286 and binding to GluN2B. Here, we examined the neuronal functions of additional autonomy mechanisms: nitrosylation and oxidation of the CaMKII regulatory domain. We generated a knock-in mouse line with mutations that render the CaMKII regulatory domain nitrosylation/oxidation-incompetent, CaMKIIΔSNO, and found that it had deficits in memory and synaptic plasticity that were similar to those in aged wild-type mice. In addition, similar to aged wild-type mice, in which CaMKII was hyponitrosylated, but unlike mice with impairments of other CaMKII autonomy mechanisms, CaMKIIΔSNO mice showed reduced long-term potentiation (LTP) when induced by theta-burst stimulation but not high-frequency stimulation (HFS). As in aged wild-type mice, the HFS-LTP in the young adult CaMKIIΔSNO mice required L-type voltage-gated calcium ion channels. The effects in aged mice were likely caused by the loss of nitrosylation because no decline in CaMKII oxidation was detected. In hippocampal neurons, nitrosylation of CaMKII induced its accumulation at synapses under basal conditions in a manner mediated by GluN2B binding, like after LTP stimuli. However, LTP-induced synaptic CaMKII accumulation did not require nitrosylation. Thus, an aging-associated decrease in CaMKII nitrosylation may cause impairments by chronic synaptic effects, such as the decrease in basal synaptic CaMKII.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole L. Rumian
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Ronald K. Freund
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Mark L. Dell’Acqua
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Steven J. Coultrap
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - K. Ulrich Bayer
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Khodaei S, Wang DS, Orser BA. Reduced excitatory neurotransmission in the hippocampus after inflammation and sevoflurane anaesthesia. BJA OPEN 2023; 6:100143. [PMID: 37588178 PMCID: PMC10430808 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjao.2023.100143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Background Inflammation and general anaesthesia likely contribute to perioperative neurocognitive disorders, possibly by causing a neuronal imbalance of excitation and inhibition. We showed previously that treatment with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and sevoflurane causes a sustained increase in a tonic inhibitory conductance in the hippocampus; however, whether excitatory neurotransmission is also altered remains unknown. The goal of this study was to examine excitatory synaptic currents in the hippocampus after treatment with LPS and sevoflurane. Synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus, a cellular correlate of learning and memory, was also studied. Methods Mice were injected with vehicle or LPS (1 mg kg-1 i.p.), and after 24 h they were then exposed to vehicle or sevoflurane (2.3%; 2 h). Hippocampal slices were prepared 48 h later. Excitatory synaptic currents were recorded from pyramidal neurones. Long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD) were studied in the Schaffer collateral-cornu ammonis 1 pathway. Results The amplitude of miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) was reduced after LPS+sevoflurane (P<0.001), whereas that of spontaneous EPSCs was unaltered, as evidenced by cumulative distribution plots. The frequency, area, and kinetics of both miniature and spontaneous EPSCs were unchanged, as were LTP and LTD. Conclusions The reduced amplitude of miniature EPSCs, coupled with the previously reported increase in tonic inhibition, indicates that the combination of LPS and sevoflurane markedly disrupts the balance of excitation and inhibition. Restoring this balance by pharmacologically enhancing excitatory neurotransmission and inhibiting the tonic current may represent an effective therapeutic option for perioperative neurocognitive disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shahin Khodaei
- Department of Physiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Dian-Shi Wang
- Department of Physiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Beverley A. Orser
- Department of Physiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Anesthesia, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yegla B, Rani A, Kumar A. Viral vector-mediated upregulation of serine racemase expression in medial prefrontal cortex improves learning and synaptic function in middle age rats. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:2433-2449. [PMID: 37052995 PMCID: PMC10120901 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
An age-associated decrease in N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR)-mediated synaptic function contributes to impaired synaptic plasticity and is associated with cognitive impairments. Levels of serine racemase (SR), an enzyme that synthesizes D-serine, an NMDAR co-agonist, decline with age. Thus, enhancing NMDAR function via increased SR expression in middle age, when subtle declines in cognition emerge, was predicted to enhance performance on a prefrontal cortex-mediated task sensitive to aging. Middle-aged (~12 mo) male Fischer-344 rats were injected bilaterally in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) with viral vector (LV), SR (LV-SR) or control (LV-GFP). Rats were trained on the operant attentional set-shift task (AST) to examine cognitive flexibility and attentional function. LV-SR rats exhibited a faster rate of learning compared to controls during visual discrimination of the AST. Extradimensional set shifting and reversal were not impacted. Immunohistochemical analyses demonstrated that LV-SR significantly increased SR expression in the mPFC. Electrophysiological characterization of synaptic transmission in the mPFC slices obtained from LV-GFP and LV-SR animals indicated a significant increase in isolated NMDAR-mediated synaptic responses in LV-SR slices. Thus, results of the current study demonstrated that prefrontal SR upregulation in middle age rats can improve learning of task contingencies for visual discrimination and increase glutamatergic synaptic transmission, including NMDAR activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brittney Yegla
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Asha Rani
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Barreto Chang OL, Possin KL, Maze M. Age-Related Perioperative Neurocognitive Disorders: Experimental Models and Druggable Targets. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2023; 63:321-340. [PMID: 36100220 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-051921-112525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
With the worldwide increase in life span, surgical patients are becoming older and have a greater propensity for postoperative cognitive impairment, either new onset or through deterioration of an existing condition; in both conditions, knowledge of the patient's preoperative cognitive function and postoperative cognitive trajectory is imperative. We describe the clinical utility of a tablet-based technique for rapid assessment of the memory and attentiveness domains required for executive function. The pathogenic mechanisms for perioperative neurocognitive disorders have been investigated in animal models in which excessive and/or prolonged postoperative neuroinflammation has emerged as a likely contender. The cellular and molecular species involved in postoperative neuroinflammation are the putative targets for future therapeutic interventions that are efficacious and do not interfere with the surgical patient's healing process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Odmara L Barreto Chang
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA;
| | - Katherine L Possin
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, and Global Brain Health Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Mervyn Maze
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA; .,Center for Cerebrovascular Research, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sun W, Chen X, Mei Y, Li X, Yang Y, An L. Co-exposure of melamine and cyanuric acid as a risk factor for oxidative stress and energy metabolism: Adverse effects on hippocampal neuronal and synaptic function induced by excessive ROS production. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 247:114230. [PMID: 36306617 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Melamine (MEL) and cyanuric acid (CA) alone have relatively low toxicity, but together they may cause serious damage to multiple organs, including the central nervous system, however, the underlying mechanism is unknown. This study aimed to determine and compare the neurotoxic effects of MEL (20 μg/mL), CA (20 μg/mL) and their combination (10 μg/mL MEL and 10 μg/mL CA) on cultured hippocampal neurons. The cell viability, apoptosis, anti-oxidative and energy metabolic indices were detected following 24 h of incubations. The miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSCs), miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents (mIPSCs) and synaptic plasticity in the hippocampal CA1 neurons were recorded. Moreover, ROS scavenger NAC was co-infused to investigate the potential mechanism. We found the complex of MEL and CA but not their alone caused severe cell death and disturbed energy production through activation caspase-3-mediated apoptosis. Meanwhile, the combination significantly reduced the amplitude, decay time and frequency of mEPSCs but not mIPSCs, indicating the pre- and post-synaptic inhibitory actions on neuronal activity. Paired-pulsed ratio (PPR) and long-term potentiation (LTP) at the Schaffer collateral-CA1 synapses were critically depressed. However, the co-application of NAC could effectively mitigate the cellular apoptosis, energy metabolism dysfunction and the impairments in neuronal and synaptic function. Our findings provide the first evidence that the combination of MEL and CA can exert more prominently neurotoxic effects than their alone and certify that one of the potential mechanisms for neuronal and synaptic dysfunction is the ROS-mediated signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Sun
- Department of Pediatric, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou 550001, China; Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou 550001, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou 550001, China; Graduate School of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yazi Mei
- Graduate School of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaoliang Li
- Department of Neurology, Jinan Geriatric/Rehabilitation Hospital, Jinan 250013, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Pediatric, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou 550001, China
| | - Lei An
- Department of Pediatric, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou 550001, China; Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou 550001, China; Department of Neurology, Jinan Geriatric/Rehabilitation Hospital, Jinan 250013, China; Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou 550001, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
N-acetylcysteine facilitates extinction of cued fear memory in rats via reestablishing basolateral amygdala glutathione homeostasis. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2022; 43:260-272. [PMID: 33927360 PMCID: PMC8791957 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-021-00661-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Individual differences in the development of uncontrollable fear in response to traumatic stressors have been observed in clinic, but the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. In the present study we first conducted a meta-analysis of published clinical data and found that malondialdehyde, an oxidative stress biomarker, was significantly elevated in the blood of patients with fear-related anxiety disorders. We then carried out experimental study in rats subjected to fear conditioning. We showed that reestablishing redox homeostasis in basolateral amygdale (BLA) after exposure to fear stressors determined the capacity of learned fear inhibition. Intra-BLA infusion of buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) to deplete the most important endogenous antioxidant glutathione (GSH) blocked fear extinction, whereas intra-BLA infusion of dithiothreitol or N-acetylcysteine (a precursor of GSH) facilitated extinction. In electrophysiological studies conducted on transverse slices, we showed that fear stressors induced redox-dependent inhibition of NMDAR-mediated synaptic function, which was rescued by extinction learning or reducing agents. Our results reveal a novel pharmacological strategy for reversing impaired fear inhibition and highlight the role of GSH in the treatment of psychiatric disorders.
Collapse
|
9
|
Adulthood systemic inflammation accelerates the trajectory of age-related cognitive decline. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:22092-22108. [PMID: 34587117 PMCID: PMC8507275 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In order to understand the long-term effects of systemic inflammation, it is important to distinguish inflammation-induced changes in baseline cognitive function from changes that interact with aging to influence the trajectory of cognitive decline. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 1 mg/kg) or vehicle was administered to young adult (6 months) male rats via intraperitoneal injections, once a week for 7 weeks. Longitudinal effects on cognitive decline were examined 6 and 12 months after the initial injections. Repeated LPS treatment, in adults, resulted in a long-term impairment in memory, examined in aged animals (age 18 months), but not in middle-age (age 12 months). At 12 months following injections, LPS treatment was associated with a decrease in N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-mediated component of synaptic transmission and altered expression of genes linked to the synapse and to regulation of the response to inflammatory signals. The results of the current study suggest that the history of systemic inflammation is one component of environmental factors that contribute to the resilience or susceptibility to age-related brain changes and associated trajectory of cognitive decline.
Collapse
|
10
|
Park HS, Hwang ES, Choi GY, Kim HB, Park KS, Sul JY, Hwang Y, Choi GW, Kim BI, Park H, Maeng S, Park JH. Sulforaphane enhances long-term potentiation and ameliorate scopolamine-induced memory impairment. Physiol Behav 2021; 238:113467. [PMID: 34033847 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2021.113467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Increases in human life expectancy have led to increases in the prevalence of senile dementia and neurodegenerative diseases. This is a major problem because there are no curative treatments for these diseases, and patients with unmanaged cognitive and neurodegenerative symptoms experience many social problems. Sulforaphane is a type of organosulfur compound known as an isothiocyanate. It is derived from glucoraphanin, a compound found in cruciferous vegetables such as broccoli, brussels sprouts, and cabbages, via an enzymatic reaction that is triggered by plant damage (e.g., chewing). Sulforaphane exhibits activity against cancer, inflammation, depression, and severe cardiac diseases. It can also alleviate oxidative stress and neural dysfunction in the brain. However, there is insufficient knowledge about the electrophysiological and behavioral basis of the effects of sulforaphane on learning and memory. Therefore, we evaluated whether acute sulforaphane administration affected long-term potentiation (LTP) in organotypic cultured rat hippocampal tissues. We also measured the effect of sulforaphane on the performance of three behavioral tests, the Y-maze test, the passive avoidance test, and the Morris water maze, which assess short-term memory, avoidance memory, and short and long-term spatial memory, respectively. We found that sulforaphane increased the total field excitatory postsynaptic potential (fEPSP) in a dose-dependent manner after high frequency stimulation and attenuated scopolamine-induced interference of the fEPSP in the hippocampal CA1 area. Sulforaphane also restored cognitive function and inhibited memory impairment as indicated by the alleviation of the negative neurological effects of scopolamine, i.e, a lowered ratio of spontaneous alternation in the Y-maze, a reduced step-through latency in the passive avoidance test, and an increased navigation time in the Morris water maze. These results indicate that sulforaphane can effectively prevent the attenuation of LTP and cognitive abilities induced by cholinergic and muscarinic receptor blockade. Further research is warranted to explore the potential therapeutic and prophylactic utility of sulforaphane for improving learning and memory, especially in those suffering from neurodegenerative disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ho-Sub Park
- Department of Gerontology, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin 446-701, Korea
| | - Eun-Sang Hwang
- Department of Gerontology, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin 446-701, Korea
| | - Ga-Young Choi
- Department of East-West Medicine, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 446-701, Korea
| | - Hyun-Bum Kim
- Department of East-West Medical Science, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 446-701, Korea
| | - Kyun-Seob Park
- Department of East-West Medicine, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 446-701, Korea
| | - Jai-Yoon Sul
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; PENN Program in Single Cell Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA 19104, USA
| | - Yoonjin Hwang
- Department of East-West Medicine, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 446-701, Korea
| | - Geun Wook Choi
- Department of East-West Medicine, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 446-701, Korea
| | - Byung Il Kim
- Department of East-West Medicine, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 446-701, Korea
| | - Hyunwoo Park
- Health Park Co., Ltd., #2502, Gangnam-dae-Ro 305, Sucho-gu, Seoul 06628, Korea
| | - Sungho Maeng
- Department of Gerontology, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin 446-701, Korea.
| | - Ji-Ho Park
- Department of East-West Medicine, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 446-701, Korea; Research Institute of Medical Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 446-701, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Chronic Cyanuric Acid Exposure Depresses Hippocampal LTP but Does Not Disrupt Spatial Learning or Memory in the Morris Water Maze. Neurotox Res 2021; 39:1148-1159. [PMID: 33751468 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-021-00355-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to cyanuric acid (CA) causes multiple organ failure accompanied by the involvement in kinds of target proteins, which are detectable and play central roles in the CNS. The hippocampus has been identified as a brain area which was especially vulnerable in developmental condition associated with cognitive dysfunction. No studies have examined the effects of CA on hippocampal function after in vitro or in vivo treatment. Here, we aimed to examine hippocampal synaptic function and adverse behavioral effects using a rat model administered CA intraperitoneally or intrahippocampally. We found that infusion of CA induced a depression in the frequency but not the amplitude of spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (sEPSCs), miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSCs), or N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-mediated excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) of the CA1 neurons in dose-dependent pattern. Both intraperitoneal and intrahippocampal injections of CA suppressed hippocampal LTP from Schaffer collaterals to CA1 regions. Paired-pulse facilitation (PPF), a presynaptic phenomenon, was enhanced while the total and phosphorylated expression of NMDA-GluN1, NMDA-GluN2A, and α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA)-GluA1 subunits were comparable between CA-treated and control groups. In Morris water maze test, both groups could effectively learn and retain spatial memory. Our studies provide the first evidence for the neurotoxic effect of CA and the insight into its potential mechanisms.
Collapse
|
12
|
Targeting redox-altered plasticity to reactivate synaptic function: A novel therapeutic strategy for cognitive disorder. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:599-608. [PMID: 33777670 PMCID: PMC7982492 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Redox-altered plasticity refers to redox-dependent reversible changes in synaptic plasticity via altering functions of key proteins, such as N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR). Age-related cognitive disorders includes Alzheimer's disease (AD), vascular dementia (VD), and age-associated memory impairment (AAMI). Based on the critical role of NMDAR-dependent long-term potentiation (LTP) in memory, the increase of reactive oxygen species in cognitive disorders, and the sensitivity of NMDAR to the redox status, converging lines have suggested the redox-altered NMDAR-dependent plasticity might underlie the synaptic dysfunctions associated with cognitive disorders. In this review, we summarize the involvement of redox-altered plasticity in cognitive disorders by presenting the available evidence. According to reports from our laboratory and other groups, this "redox-altered plasticity" is more similar to functional changes rather than organic injuries, and strategies targeting redox-altered plasticity using pharmacological agents might reverse synaptic dysfunctions and memory abnormalities in the early stage of cognitive disorders. Targeting redox modifications for NMDARs may serve as a novel therapeutic strategy for memory deficits.
Collapse
Key Words
- AAMI, age-associated memory impairment
- AD, Alzheimer's disease
- AMPARs, α-amino-3-hydroxyl-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionate receptors
- CaMKII, Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II
- Cognitive disorder
- DG, dentate gyrus
- DS, Down syndrome
- DTNB, 5,5-dithio-bis-2-nitrobenzoic acid
- DTT, dithiothreitol
- EPSPs, excitatory postsynaptic potentials
- GSK-3β, glycogen synthase kinase-3β
- Glu, glutamate
- H2O2, hydrogen peroxide
- HFS, high-frequency stimulation
- Hydrogen sulfide
- LFS, low-frequency stimulation
- LTD, long-term depression
- LTP, long-term potentiation
- Learning and memory
- Long-term potentiation
- MF, mossy fiber
- N-Methyl-d-aspartate receptor
- NAC, N-acetyl cysteine
- NADPH, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
- NMDARs, N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors
- NO, nitric oxide
- Oxidative stress
- PTM, posttranslational modification
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- Reactive oxygen species
- SC, Schaffer collateral
- SNOC, S-nitrosocysteine
- Synaptic plasticity
- TFAM, mitochondrial transcription factor A
- VD, vascular dementia
Collapse
|
13
|
Balachandar L, Montejo KA, Castano E, Perez M, Moncion C, Chambers JW, Lujan JL, Diaz JR. Simultaneous Ca 2+ Imaging and Optogenetic Stimulation of Cortical Astrocytes in Adult Murine Brain Slices. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 94:e110. [PMID: 33285041 DOI: 10.1002/cpns.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Astrocytes are actively involved in a neuroprotective role in the brain, which includes scavenging reactive oxygen species to minimize tissue damage. They also modulate neuroinflammation and reactive gliosis prevalent in several brain disorders like epilepsy, Alzheimer's, and Parkinson's disease. In animal models, targeted manipulation of astrocytic function via modulation of their calcium (Ca2+ ) oscillations by incorporating light-sensitive cation channels like Channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) offers a promising avenue in influencing the long-term progression of these disorders. However, using adult animals for Ca2+ imaging poses major challenges, including accelerated deterioration of in situ slice health and age- related changes. Additionally, optogenetic preparations necessitate usage of a red-shifted Ca2+ indicator like Rhod-2 AM to avoid overlapping light issues between ChR2 and the Ca2+ indicator during simultaneous optogenetic stimulation and imaging. In this article, we provide an experimental setting that uses live adult murine brain slices (2-5 months) from a knock-in model expressing Channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2(C128S)) in cortical astrocytes, loaded with Rhod-2 AM to elicit robust Ca2+ response to light stimulation. We have developed and standardized a protocol for brain extraction, sectioning, Rhod-2 AM loading, maintenance of slice health, and Ca2+ imaging during light stimulation. This has been successfully applied to optogenetically control adult cortical astrocytes, which exhibit synchronous patterns of Ca2+ activity upon light stimulation, drastically different from resting spontaneous activity. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Experimental preparation, setup, slice preparation and Rhod-2 AM staining Basic Protocol 2: Image acquisition and analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmini Balachandar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, Florida
| | - Karla A Montejo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, Florida.,Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Eleane Castano
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, Florida
| | - Melissa Perez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, Florida
| | - Carolina Moncion
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, Florida
| | - Jeremy W Chambers
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, Florida
| | - J Luis Lujan
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Jorge Riera Diaz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, Florida
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
A HIF1a-Dependent Pro-Oxidant State Disrupts Synaptic Plasticity and Impairs Spatial Memory in Response to Intermittent Hypoxia. eNeuro 2020; 7:ENEURO.0024-20.2020. [PMID: 32493757 PMCID: PMC7363479 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0024-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep apnea causes cognitive deficits and is associated with several neurologic diseases. Intermittent hypoxia (IH) is recognized as a principal mediator of pathophysiology associated with sleep apnea, yet the basis by which IH contributes to impaired cognition remains poorly defined. Using a mouse model exposed to IH, this study examines how the transcription factor, hypoxia inducible factor 1a (HIF1a), contributes to disrupted synaptic physiology and spatial memory. In wild-type mice, impaired performance in the Barnes maze caused by IH coincided with a loss of NMDA receptor (NMDAr)-dependent long-term potentiation (LTP) in area CA1 and increased nuclear HIF1a within the hippocampus. IH-dependent HIF1a signaling caused a two-fold increase in expression of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generating enzyme NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4). These changes promoted a pro-oxidant state and the downregulation of GluN1 within the hippocampus. The IH-dependent effects were not present in either mice heterozygous for Hif1a (HIF1a+/-) or wild-type mice treated with the antioxidant manganese (III) tetrakis(1-methyl-4-pyridyl) porphyrin (MnTMPyP). Our findings indicate that HIF1a-dependent changes in redox state are central to the mechanism by which IH disrupts hippocampal synaptic plasticity and impairs spatial memory. This mechanism may enhance the vulnerability for cognitive deficit and lower the threshold for neurologic diseases associated untreated sleep apnea.
Collapse
|
15
|
Kumar A. Calcium Signaling During Brain Aging and Its Influence on the Hippocampal Synaptic Plasticity. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1131:985-1012. [PMID: 31646542 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-12457-1_39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) ions are highly versatile intracellular signaling molecules and are universal second messenger for regulating a variety of cellular and physiological functions including synaptic plasticity. Ca2+ homeostasis in the central nervous system endures subtle dysregulation with advancing age. Research has provided abundant evidence that brain aging is associated with altered neuronal Ca2+ regulation and synaptic plasticity mechanisms. Much of the work has focused on the hippocampus, a brain region critically involved in learning and memory, which is particularly susceptible to dysfunction during aging. The current chapter takes a specific perspective, assessing various Ca2+ sources and the influence of aging on Ca2+ sources and synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus. Integrating the knowledge of the complexity of age-related alterations in neuronal Ca2+ signaling and synaptic plasticity mechanisms will positively shape the development of highly effective therapeutics to treat brain disorders including cognitive impairment associated with aging and neurodegenerative disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Kumar
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
The prevalence of cognitive decline is increasing as the ageing population is considerably growing. Restricting this age-associated process has become a challenging public health issue. The age-related increase in oxidative stress plays a major role in cognitive decline, because of its harmful effect on functional plasticity of the brain, such as long-term potentiation (LTP). Here, we show that citrulline (Cit) has powerful antioxidant properties that can limit ex vivo oxidative stress-induced LTP impairment in the hippocampus. We also illustrate that a three-month Cit supplementation has a protective effect on LTP in aged rats in vivo. The identification of a Cit oxidation byproduct in vitro suggests that the antioxidant properties of Cit could result from its own oxidation. Cit supplementation may be a promising preventive nutritional approach to limit age-related cognitive decline.
Collapse
|
17
|
Tan B, Babur E, Koşar B, Varol S, Dursun N, Süer C. Age-dependent evaluation of long-term depression responses in hyperthyroid rats: Possible roles of oxidative intracellular redox status. Brain Res 2019; 1720:146314. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.146314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
18
|
Pardeep Singh, Kumar M, Bansal N. Azelnidipine Ameliorates Dementia in Streptozotocin Treated Rats: Interplay between Oxidative Stress and Calcium. NEUROCHEM J+ 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1819712419030139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
19
|
Foster TC. Senescent neurophysiology: Ca 2+ signaling from the membrane to the nucleus. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2019; 164:107064. [PMID: 31394200 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2019.107064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The current review provides a historical perspective on the evolution of hypothesized mechanisms for senescent neurophysiology, focused on the CA1 region of the hippocampus, and the relationship of senescent neurophysiology to impaired hippocampal-dependent memory. Senescent neurophysiology involves processes linked to calcium (Ca2+) signaling including an increase in the Ca2+-dependent afterhyperpolarization (AHP), decreasing pyramidal cell excitability, hyporesponsiveness of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor function, and a shift in Ca2+-dependent synaptic plasticity. Dysregulation of intracellular Ca2+ and downstream signaling of kinase and phosphatase activity lies at the core of senescent neurophysiology. Ca2+-dysregulation involves a decrease in Ca2+ influx through NMDA receptors and an increase release of Ca2+ from internal Ca2+ stores. Recent work has identified changes in redox signaling, arising in middle-age, as an initiating factor for senescent neurophysiology. The shift in redox state links processes of aging, oxidative stress and inflammation, with functional changes in mechanisms required for episodic memory. The link between age-related changes in Ca2+ signaling, epigenetics and gene expression is an exciting area of research. Pharmacological and behavioral intervention, initiated in middle-age, can promote memory function by initiating transcription of neuroprotective genes and rejuvenating neurophysiology. However, with more advanced age, or under conditions of neurodegenerative disease, epigenetic changes may weaken the link between environmental influences and transcription, decreasing resilience of memory function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas C Foster
- Department of Neuroscience and Genetics and Genomics Program, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Kumar A, Thinschmidt JS, Foster TC. Subunit contribution to NMDA receptor hypofunction and redox sensitivity of hippocampal synaptic transmission during aging. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:5140-5157. [PMID: 31339863 PMCID: PMC6682512 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We examined the contribution of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) subunits in the redox-mediated decline in NMDAR function during aging. GluN2A and GluN2B selective antagonists decreased peak NMDAR currents to a similar extent in young and aged animals, indicating that a shift in diheteromeric GluN2 subunits does not underlie the age-related decrease in the NMDAR synaptic function. Application of dithiothreitol (DTT) in aged animals, increased peak NMDAR synaptic currents, prolonged the decay time, and increased the sensitivity of the synaptic response to the GluN2B antagonist, ifenprodil, indicating that DTT increased the contribution of GluN2B subunits to the synaptic response. The DTT-mediated increase in NMDAR function was inhibited by partial blockade of NMDARs, and this inhibition was rescued by increasing Ca2+ concentration in the recording medium. The results indicate that DTT-mediated potentiation requires Ca2+ influx through NMDAR activity. Finally, redox regulation of NMDAR function depends on the activity of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII). The results indicate that activity-dependent NMDAR synaptic plasticity is suppressed by redox-mediated inhibition of CaMKII activation during aging. The redox regulation of NMDARs represents a suppression of a metaplasticity mechanism, which can disrupt synaptic plasticity and cognition associated with neurological or psychiatric diseases, and aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Kumar
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Jeffrey S. Thinschmidt
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Thomas C. Foster
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- Genetics and Genomics Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Sears SMS, Hewett JA, Hewett SJ. Decreased epileptogenesis in mice lacking the System x c - transporter occurs in association with a reduction in AMPA receptor subunit GluA1. Epilepsia Open 2019; 4:133-143. [PMID: 30868123 PMCID: PMC6398109 DOI: 10.1002/epi4.12307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although the cystine/glutamate antiporter System xc - (Sxc -) plays a permissive role in glioma-associated seizures, its contribution to other acquired epilepsies has not been determined. As such, the present study investigates whether and how Sxc - contributes to the pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) chemical kindling model of epileptogenesis. METHODS Male Sxc - null (sut/sut) mice and their wild-type littermates were administered PTZ (i.p.) daily for up to 21 days (kindling paradigm). Seizure severity was scored on a 5-point behavioral scale. Mossy fiber sprouting, cellular degeneration, and Sxc - light chain (xCT) messenger RNA (mRNA) were explored using Timm staining, thionin staining, and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), respectively. Levels of reduced and oxidized glutathione and cysteine were determined via high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Plasma membrane protein levels of glutamate and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor subunits as well as the K+/Cl- co-transporter KCC2 were quantified via western blot analysis. RESULTS Repeated administration of PTZ produced chemical kindling in only 50% of Sxc - null mice as compared to 82% of wild-type littermate control mice. Kindling did not result in any changes in xCT mRNA levels assessed in wild-type mice. No cellular degeneration or mossy fiber sprouting was discernible in either genotype. Except for a small, but significant, decrease in oxidized cysteine in the hippocampus, no other change in measured redox couples was determined in Sxc - null mice. Cortical levels of the α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor subunit GluA1 were decreased in Sxc - null mice as compared to wild-type littermates, whereas all other proteins tested showed no difference between genotypes. SIGNIFICANCE This study provides the first evidence that Sxc - signaling contributes to epileptogenesis in the PTZ kindling model of acquired epilepsy. Further data indicate that a reduction in AMPA receptor signaling could underlie the resistance to PTZ kindling uncovered in Sxc - null mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sheila M. S. Sears
- Department of BiologyProgram in NeuroscienceSyracuse UniversitySyracuseNew York
| | - James A. Hewett
- Department of BiologyProgram in NeuroscienceSyracuse UniversitySyracuseNew York
| | - Sandra J. Hewett
- Department of BiologyProgram in NeuroscienceSyracuse UniversitySyracuseNew York
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
More J, Galusso N, Veloso P, Montecinos L, Finkelstein JP, Sanchez G, Bull R, Valdés JL, Hidalgo C, Paula-Lima A. N-Acetylcysteine Prevents the Spatial Memory Deficits and the Redox-Dependent RyR2 Decrease Displayed by an Alzheimer's Disease Rat Model. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 10:399. [PMID: 30574085 PMCID: PMC6291746 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously reported that primary hippocampal neurons exposed to synaptotoxic amyloid beta oligomers (AβOs), which are likely causative agents of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), exhibit abnormal Ca2+ signals, mitochondrial dysfunction and defective structural plasticity. Additionally, AβOs-exposed neurons exhibit a decrease in the protein content of type-2 ryanodine receptor (RyR2) Ca2+ channels, which exert critical roles in hippocampal synaptic plasticity and spatial memory processes. The antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) prevents these deleterious effects of AβOs in vitro. The main contribution of the present work is to show that AβOs injections directly into the hippocampus, by engaging oxidation-mediated reversible pathways significantly decreased RyR2 protein content but increased single RyR2 channel activation by Ca2+ and caused considerable spatial memory deficits. AβOs injections into the CA3 hippocampal region impaired rat performance in the Oasis maze spatial memory task, decreased hippocampal glutathione levels and overall content of plasticity-related proteins (c-Fos, Arc, and RyR2) and increased ERK1/2 phosphorylation. In contrast, in hippocampus-derived mitochondria-associated membranes (MAM) AβOs injections increased RyR2 levels. Rats fed with NAC for 3-weeks prior to AβOs injections displayed comparable redox potential, RyR2 and Arc protein contents, similar ERK1/2 phosphorylation and RyR2 single channel activation by Ca2+ as saline-injected (control) rats. NAC-fed rats subsequently injected with AβOs displayed the same behavior in the spatial memory task as control rats. Based on the present in vivo results, we propose that redox-sensitive neuronal RyR2 channels partake in the mechanism underlying AβOs-induced memory disruption in rodents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jamileth More
- Faculty of Medicine, Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nadia Galusso
- Department of Neurochemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pablo Veloso
- Faculty of Dentistry, Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis Montecinos
- CEMC, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Gina Sanchez
- CEMC, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Pathophysiology Program, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ricardo Bull
- Physiology and Biophysics Program, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - José Luis Valdés
- Faculty of Medicine, Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cecilia Hidalgo
- Faculty of Medicine, Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,CEMC, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Physiology and Biophysics Program, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrea Paula-Lima
- Faculty of Medicine, Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Faculty of Dentistry, Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Effects of Vitamin E on the Synthesis of Phospholipids and Brain Functions in Old Rats. NEUROPHYSIOLOGY+ 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11062-018-9733-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
24
|
Kumar A, Foster TC. Alteration in NMDA Receptor Mediated Glutamatergic Neurotransmission in the Hippocampus During Senescence. Neurochem Res 2018; 44:38-48. [PMID: 30209673 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-018-2634-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Glutamate is the primary excitatory neurotransmitter in neurons and glia. N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA), α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA), and kainate receptors are major ionotropic glutamate receptors. Glutamatergic neurotransmission is strongly linked with Ca2+ homeostasis. Research has provided ample evidence that brain aging is associated with altered glutamatergic neurotransmission and Ca2+ dysregulation. Much of the work has focused on the hippocampus, a brain region critically involved in learning and memory, which is particularly susceptible to dysfunction during senescence. The current review examines Ca2+ regulation with a focus on the NMDA receptors in the hippocampus. Integrating the knowledge of the complexity of age-related alterations in Ca2+ homeostasis and NMDA receptor-mediated glutamatergic neurotransmission will positively shape the development of highly effective therapeutics to treat brain disorders including cognitive impairment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Kumar
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, PO Box 100244, Gainesville, FL, 32610-0244, USA.
| | - Thomas C Foster
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, PO Box 100244, Gainesville, FL, 32610-0244, USA.
- Genetics and Genomics Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Sita G, Hrelia P, Graziosi A, Ravegnini G, Morroni F. TRPM2 in the Brain: Role in Health and Disease. Cells 2018; 7:cells7070082. [PMID: 30037128 PMCID: PMC6070997 DOI: 10.3390/cells7070082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential (TRP) proteins have been implicated in several cell functions as non-selective cation channels, with about 30 different mammalian TRP channels having been recognized. Among them, TRP-melastatin 2 (TRPM2) is particularly involved in the response to oxidative stress and inflammation, while its activity depends on the presence of intracellular calcium (Ca2+). TRPM2 is involved in several physiological and pathological processes in the brain through the modulation of multiple signaling pathways. The aim of the present review is to provide a brief summary of the current insights of TRPM2 role in health and disease to focalize our attention on future potential neuroprotective strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Sita
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Patrizia Hrelia
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Agnese Graziosi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Gloria Ravegnini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Fabiana Morroni
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Kumar A, Rani A, Scheinert RB, Ormerod BK, Foster TC. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, indomethacin improves spatial memory and NMDA receptor function in aged animals. Neurobiol Aging 2018; 70:184-193. [PMID: 30031231 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2018.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A redox-mediated decrease in N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor function contributes to psychiatric diseases and impaired cognition during aging. Inflammation provides a potential source of reactive oxygen species for inducing NMDA receptor hypofunction. The present study tested the hypothesis that the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug indomethacin, which improves spatial episodic memory in aging rats, would enhance NMDA receptor function through a shift in the redox state. Male F344 young and aged rats were prescreened using a 1-day version of the water maze task. Animals were then treated with the indomethacin or vehicle, delivered in a frozen milk treat (orally, twice per day, 18 days), and retested on the water maze. Indomethacin treatment enhanced water maze performance. Hippocampal slices were prepared for examination of CA3-CA1 synaptic responses, long-term potentiation, and NMDA receptor-mediated synaptic responses. No effect of treatment was observed for the total synaptic response. Long-term potentiation magnitude and NMDA receptor input-output curves were enhanced for aged indomethacin-treated animals. To examine redox regulation of NMDA receptors, a second group of aged animals was treated with indomethacin or vehicle, and the effect of the reducing agent, dithiothreitol ([DTT], 0.5 mM) on NMDA receptor-mediated synaptic responses was evaluated. As expected, DTT increased the NMDA receptor response and the effect of DTT was reduced by indomethacin treatment. The results indicate that indomethacin acted to diminish the age-related and redox-mediated NMDA receptor hypofunction and suggest that inflammation contributes to cognitive impairment through an increase in redox stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Kumar
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | - Asha Rani
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Rachel B Scheinert
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, J. Crayton Pruitt Family, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Brandi K Ormerod
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, J. Crayton Pruitt Family, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Thomas C Foster
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Oxidative stress increases in the brain with aging and neurodegenerative diseases. Previous work emphasized irreversible oxidative damage in relation to cognitive impairment. This research has evolved to consider a continuum of alterations, from redox signaling to oxidative damage, which provides a basis for understanding the onset and progression of cognitive impairment. This review provides an update on research linking redox signaling to altered function of neural circuits involved in information processing and memory. Recent Advances: Starting in middle age, redox signaling triggers changes in nervous system physiology described as senescent physiology. Hippocampal senescent physiology involves decreased cell excitability, altered synaptic plasticity, and decreased synaptic transmission. Recent studies indicate N-methyl-d-aspartate and ryanodine receptors and Ca2+ signaling molecules as molecular substrates of redox-mediated senescent physiology. CRITICAL ISSUES We review redox homeostasis mechanisms and consider the chemical character of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and their role in regulating different transmitter systems. In this regard, senescent physiology may represent the co-opting of pathways normally responsible for feedback regulation of synaptic transmission. Furthermore, differences across transmitter systems may underlie differential vulnerability of brain regions and neuronal circuits to aging and disease. FUTURE DIRECTIONS It will be important to identify the intrinsic mechanisms for the shift in oxidative/reductive processes. Intrinsic mechanism will depend on the transmitter system, oxidative stressors, and expression/activity of antioxidant enzymes. In addition, it will be important to identify how intrinsic processes interact with other aging factors, including changes in inflammatory or hormonal signals. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 28, 1724-1745.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Kumar
- 1 Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida
| | - Brittney Yegla
- 1 Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida
| | - Thomas C Foster
- 1 Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida.,2 Genetics and Genomics Program, Genetics Institute, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Zhan JQ, Zheng LL, Chen HB, Yu B, Wang W, Wang T, Ruan B, Pan BX, Chen JR, Li XF, Wei B, Yang YJ. Hydrogen Sulfide Reverses Aging-Associated Amygdalar Synaptic Plasticity and Fear Memory Deficits in Rats. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:390. [PMID: 29930496 PMCID: PMC5999728 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
As an endogenous neuromodulator, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) exerts multiple biological effects in the brain. Previous studies have shown that H2S is involved in the regulation of neural synaptic plasticity and cognition in healthy rodents. It is well known that there is a progressive decline of cognitive function that occurs with increased age. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of H2S in aging-associated amygdalar synaptic plasticity and cued fear memory deficits as well as to explore the underlying mechanisms. We found that H2S levels in the amygdala were significantly lower in aged rats when compared with healthy adult rates, which displayed significant deficits in long-term potentiation (LTP) in the thalamo-lateral amygdala (LA) pathway and amygdala-dependent cued fear memory. Bath application of an H2S donor, sodium hydrogen sulfide (NaHS), significantly reversed the impaired LTP in brain slices from aged rats, and intra-LA infusion of NaHS restored the cued fear memory in aged rats. Mechanismly, we found that H2S treatment significantly enhanced NMDAR-mediated synaptic responses in the thalamo-LA pathway of aged rats. Notably, GluN2B-containing NMDARs, but not GluN2A-containing NMDARs, contributed to the effects of H2S on aging-associated impairments of amygdalar LTP and fear memory, because applying GluN2B antagonist could abolish the beneficial effects of NaHS treatment on amygdalar LTP and cognitive performance in aged rats. Collectively, these results show that H2S can reverse aging-associated amygdalar synaptic plasticity and fear memory deficits by restoring the function of GluN2B-containing NMDARs, suggesting that supplement of H2S might be a therapeutic approach for aging-related cognitive disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Qiong Zhan
- Biological Psychiatry Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Jiangxi Mental Hospital/Affiliated Mental Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Li-Li Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, China
| | - Hai-Bo Chen
- Biological Psychiatry Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Jiangxi Mental Hospital/Affiliated Mental Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Bin Yu
- Biological Psychiatry Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Jiangxi Mental Hospital/Affiliated Mental Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Bo Ruan
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Bin-Xing Pan
- Laboratory of Fear and Anxiety Disorders, Institute of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Juan-Ru Chen
- Biological Psychiatry Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Jiangxi Mental Hospital/Affiliated Mental Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xue-Fen Li
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Bo Wei
- Biological Psychiatry Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Jiangxi Mental Hospital/Affiliated Mental Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yuan-Jian Yang
- Biological Psychiatry Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Jiangxi Mental Hospital/Affiliated Mental Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Belrose JC, Jackson MF. TRPM2: a candidate therapeutic target for treating neurological diseases. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2018; 39:722-732. [PMID: 29671419 PMCID: PMC5943913 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2018.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential melastatin 2 (TRPM2) is a calcium (Ca2+)-permeable non-selective cation channel belonging to the TRP ion channel family. Oxidative stress-induced TRPM2 activation provokes aberrant intracellular Ca2+ accumulation and cell death in a variety of cell types, including neurons. Aberrant TRPM2 function has been implicated in several neurological disorders including ischemia/stroke, Alzheimer's disease, neuropathic pain, Parkinson's disease and bipolar disorder. In addition to research identifying a role for TRPM2 in disease, progress has been made in the identification of physiological functions of TRPM2 in the brain, including recent evidence that TRPM2 is necessary for the induction of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-dependent long-term depression, an important form of synaptic plasticity at glutamate synapses. Here, we summarize recent evidence on the role of TRPM2 in the central nervous system (CNS) in health and disease and discuss the potential therapeutic implications of targeting TRPM2. Collectively, these studies suggest that TRPM2 represents a prospective novel therapeutic target for neurological disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jillian Corinne Belrose
- Department of Anesthesia & Perioperative Medicine, Schulich Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, N6A 5A5, Canada
- E-mail
| | - Michael Frederick Jackson
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 0T6, Canada
- Neuroscience Research Program, Kleysen Institute for Advanced Medicine, Health Sciences Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 3J7, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Leon M, Sawmiller D, Shytle RD, Tan J. Therapeutic Cocktail Approach for Treatment of Hyperhomocysteinemia in Alzheimer's Disease. CELL MEDICINE 2018; 10:2155179017722280. [PMID: 32634177 PMCID: PMC6172991 DOI: 10.1177/2155179017722280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In the United States, Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia, accompanied by substantial economic and emotional costs. During 2015, more than 15 million family members who provided care to AD patients had an estimated total cost of 221 billion dollars. Recent studies have shown that elevated total plasma levels of homocysteine (tHcy), a condition known as hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy), is a risk factor for AD. HHcy is associated with cognitive decline, brain atrophy, and dementia; enhances the vulnerability of neurons to oxidative injury; and damages the blood-brain barrier. Many therapeutic supplements containing vitamin B12 and folate have been studied to help decrease tHcy to a certain degree. However, a therapeutic cocktail approach with 5-methyltetrahydrofolate, methyl B12, betaine, and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) have not been studied. This novel approach may help target multiple pathways simultaneously to decrease tHcy and its toxicity substantially.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Leon
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Rashid Laboratory for Developmental Neurobiology, Silver Child Development Center, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Darrell Sawmiller
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Rashid Laboratory for Developmental Neurobiology, Silver Child Development Center, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - R Douglas Shytle
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Center for Excellence in Aging and Brain Repair, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jun Tan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Rashid Laboratory for Developmental Neurobiology, Silver Child Development Center, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Skvarc DR, Berk M, Byrne LK, Dean OM, Dodd S, Lewis M, Marriott A, Moore EM, Morris G, Page RS, Gray L. Post-Operative Cognitive Dysfunction: An exploration of the inflammatory hypothesis and novel therapies. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2017; 84:116-133. [PMID: 29180259 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Post-Operative Cognitive Dysfunction (POCD) is a highly prevalent condition with significant clinical, social and financial impacts for patients and their communities. The underlying pathophysiology is becoming increasingly understood, with the role of neuroinflammation and oxidative stress secondary to surgery and anaesthesia strongly implicated. This review aims to describe the putative mechanisms by which surgery-induced inflammation produces cognitive sequelae, with a focus on identifying potential novel therapies based upon their ability to modify these pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David R Skvarc
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia; Deakin University, Innovations in Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Treatment (IMPACT) Strategic Research Centre, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia.
| | - Michael Berk
- Deakin University, Innovations in Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Treatment (IMPACT) Strategic Research Centre, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Deakin University, School of Medicine, Geelong, Australia; Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, The Department of Psychiatry and the Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.
| | - Linda K Byrne
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Olivia M Dean
- Deakin University, Innovations in Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Treatment (IMPACT) Strategic Research Centre, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Deakin University, School of Medicine, Geelong, Australia; Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, The Department of Psychiatry and the Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Seetal Dodd
- Deakin University, Innovations in Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Treatment (IMPACT) Strategic Research Centre, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Deakin University, School of Medicine, Geelong, Australia
| | - Matthew Lewis
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia; Aged Psychiatry Service, Caulfield Hospital, Alfred Health, Caulfield, Australia
| | - Andrew Marriott
- Department of Anaesthesia, Perioperative Medicine & Pain Management, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Deakin University, Innovations in Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Treatment (IMPACT) Strategic Research Centre, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Deakin University, School of Medicine, Geelong, Australia; Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, The Department of Psychiatry and the Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Eileen M Moore
- Department of Anaesthesia, Perioperative Medicine & Pain Management, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Deakin University, Innovations in Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Treatment (IMPACT) Strategic Research Centre, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | | | - Richard S Page
- Deakin University, School of Medicine, Geelong, Australia; Department of Orthopaedics, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Laura Gray
- Deakin University, School of Medicine, Geelong, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
McKiernan EC, Marrone DF. CA1 pyramidal cells have diverse biophysical properties, affected by development, experience, and aging. PeerJ 2017; 5:e3836. [PMID: 28948109 PMCID: PMC5609525 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.3836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuron types (e.g., pyramidal cells) within one area of the brain are often considered homogeneous, despite variability in their biophysical properties. Here we review literature demonstrating variability in the electrical activity of CA1 hippocampal pyramidal cells (PCs), including responses to somatic current injection, synaptic stimulation, and spontaneous network-related activity. In addition, we describe how responses of CA1 PCs vary with development, experience, and aging, and some of the underlying ionic currents responsible. Finally, we suggest directions that may be the most impactful in expanding this knowledge, including the use of text and data mining to systematically study cellular heterogeneity in more depth; dynamical systems theory to understand and potentially classify neuron firing patterns; and mathematical modeling to study the interaction between cellular properties and network output. Our goals are to provide a synthesis of the literature for experimentalists studying CA1 PCs, to give theorists an idea of the rich diversity of behaviors models may need to reproduce to accurately represent these cells, and to provide suggestions for future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erin C McKiernan
- Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Diano F Marrone
- Department of Psychology, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.,McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Hypertension-induced synapse loss and impairment in synaptic plasticity in the mouse hippocampus mimics the aging phenotype: implications for the pathogenesis of vascular cognitive impairment. GeroScience 2017; 39:385-406. [PMID: 28664509 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-017-9981-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Strong epidemiological and experimental evidence indicates that hypertension has detrimental effects on the cerebral microcirculation and thereby promotes accelerated brain aging. Hypertension is an independent risk factor for both vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the pathophysiological link between hypertension-induced cerebromicrovascular injury (e.g., blood-brain barrier disruption, increased microvascular oxidative stress, and inflammation) and cognitive decline remains elusive. The present study was designed to characterize neuronal functional and morphological alterations induced by chronic hypertension and compare them to those induced by aging. To achieve that goal, we induced hypertension in young C57BL/6 mice by chronic (4 weeks) infusion of angiotensin II. We found that long-term potentiation (LTP) of performant path synapses following high-frequency stimulation of afferent fibers was decreased in hippocampal slices obtained from hypertensive mice, mimicking the aging phenotype. Hypertension and advanced age were associated with comparable decline in synaptic density in the stratum radiatum of the mouse hippocampus. Hypertension, similar to aging, was associated with changes in mRNA expression of several genes involved in regulation of neuronal function, including down-regulation of Bdnf, Homer1, and Dlg4, which may have a role in impaired synaptic plasticity. Collectively, hypertension impairs synaptic plasticity, reduces synaptic density, and promotes dysregulation of genes involved in synaptic function in the mouse hippocampus mimicking the aging phenotype. These hypertension-induced neuronal alterations may impair establishment of memories in the hippocampus and contribute to the pathogenesis and clinical manifestation of both vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD).
Collapse
|
34
|
Shivarama Shetty M, Sajikumar S. 'Tagging' along memories in aging: Synaptic tagging and capture mechanisms in the aged hippocampus. Ageing Res Rev 2017; 35:22-35. [PMID: 28065806 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2016.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Aging is accompanied by a general decline in the physiological functions of the body with the deteriorating organ systems. Brain is no exception to this and deficits in cognitive functions are quite common in advanced aging. Though a variety of age-related alterations are observed in the structure and function throughout the brain, certain regions show selective vulnerability. Medial temporal lobe, especially the hippocampus, is one such preferentially vulnerable region and is a crucial structure involved in the learning and long-term memory functions. Hippocampal synaptic plasticity, such as long-term potentiation (LTP) and depression (LTD), are candidate cellular correlates of learning and memory and alterations in these properties have been well documented in aging. A related phenomenon called synaptic tagging and capture (STC) has been proposed as a mechanism for cellular memory consolidation and to account for temporal association of memories. Mounting evidences from behavioral settings suggest that STC could be a physiological phenomenon. In this article, we review the recent data concerning STC and provide a framework for how alterations in STC-related mechanisms could contribute to the age-associated memory impairments. The enormity of impairment in learning and memory functions demands an understanding of age-associated memory deficits at the fundamental level given its impact in the everyday tasks, thereby in the quality of life. Such an understanding is also crucial for designing interventions and preventive measures for successful brain aging.
Collapse
|
35
|
Shahidi S, Zargooshnia S, Asl SS, Komaki A, Sarihi A. Influence of N -acetyl cysteine on beta-amyloid-induced Alzheimer’s disease in a rat model: A behavioral and electrophysiological study. Brain Res Bull 2017; 131:142-149. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
|
36
|
SanMartín CD, Veloso P, Adasme T, Lobos P, Bruna B, Galaz J, García A, Hartel S, Hidalgo C, Paula-Lima AC. RyR2-Mediated Ca 2+ Release and Mitochondrial ROS Generation Partake in the Synaptic Dysfunction Caused by Amyloid β Peptide Oligomers. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:115. [PMID: 28487634 PMCID: PMC5403897 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid β peptide oligomers (AβOs), toxic aggregates with pivotal roles in Alzheimer's disease, trigger persistent and low magnitude Ca2+ signals in neurons. We reported previously that these Ca2+ signals, which arise from Ca2+ entry and subsequent amplification by Ca2+ release through ryanodine receptor (RyR) channels, promote mitochondrial network fragmentation and reduce RyR2 expression. Here, we examined if AβOs, by inducing redox sensitive RyR-mediated Ca2+ release, stimulate mitochondrial Ca2+-uptake, ROS generation and mitochondrial fragmentation, and also investigated the effects of the antioxidant N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) and the mitochondrial antioxidant EUK-134 on AβOs-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. In addition, we studied the contribution of the RyR2 isoform to AβOs-induced Ca2+ release, mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake and fragmentation. We show here that inhibition of NADPH oxidase type-2 prevented the emergence of RyR-mediated cytoplasmic Ca2+ signals induced by AβOs in primary hippocampal neurons. Treatment with AβOs promoted mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake and increased mitochondrial superoxide and hydrogen peroxide levels; ryanodine, at concentrations that suppress RyR activity, prevented these responses. The antioxidants NAC and EUK-134 impeded the mitochondrial ROS increase induced by AβOs. Additionally, EUK-134 prevented the mitochondrial fragmentation induced by AβOs, as previously reported for NAC and ryanodine. These findings show that both antioxidants, NAC and EUK-134, prevented the Ca2+-mediated noxious effects of AβOs on mitochondrial function. Our results also indicate that Ca2+ release mediated by the RyR2 isoform causes the deleterious effects of AβOs on mitochondrial function. Knockdown of RyR2 with antisense oligonucleotides reduced by about 50% RyR2 mRNA and protein levels in primary hippocampal neurons, decreased by 40% Ca2+ release induced by the RyR agonist 4-chloro-m-cresol, and significantly reduced the cytoplasmic and mitochondrial Ca2+ signals and the mitochondrial fragmentation induced by AβOs. Based on our results, we propose that AβOs-induced Ca2+ entry and ROS generation jointly stimulate RyR2 activity, causing mitochondrial Ca2+ overload and fragmentation in a feed forward injurious cycle. The present novel findings highlight the specific participation of RyR2-mediated Ca2+ release on AβOs-induced mitochondrial malfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carol D SanMartín
- Department of de Neurology and Neurosurgery, Clinical Hospital Universidad de ChileSantiago, Chile.,Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de ChileSantiago, Chile
| | - Pablo Veloso
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de ChileSantiago, Chile.,Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de ChileSantiago, Chile
| | - Tatiana Adasme
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de ChileSantiago, Chile.,Centro Integrativo de Biología y Química Aplicada, Universidad Bernardo O HigginsSantiago, Chile
| | - Pedro Lobos
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de ChileSantiago, Chile
| | - Barbara Bruna
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de ChileSantiago, Chile
| | - Jose Galaz
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de ChileSantiago, Chile
| | - Alejandra García
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de ChileSantiago, Chile.,Anatomy and Developmental Biology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Center of Medical Informatics and Telemedicine and National Center for Health Information Systems, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de ChileSantiago, Chile
| | - Steffen Hartel
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de ChileSantiago, Chile.,Anatomy and Developmental Biology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Center of Medical Informatics and Telemedicine and National Center for Health Information Systems, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de ChileSantiago, Chile
| | - Cecilia Hidalgo
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de ChileSantiago, Chile.,Physiology and Biophysics Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de ChileSantiago, Chile
| | - Andrea C Paula-Lima
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de ChileSantiago, Chile.,Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de ChileSantiago, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Arias-Cavieres A, Adasme T, Sánchez G, Muñoz P, Hidalgo C. Aging Impairs Hippocampal- Dependent Recognition Memory and LTP and Prevents the Associated RyR Up-regulation. Front Aging Neurosci 2017; 9:111. [PMID: 28484388 PMCID: PMC5402473 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Recognition memory comprises recollection judgment and familiarity, two different processes that engage the hippocampus and the perirhinal cortex, respectively. Previous studies have shown that aged rodents display defective recognition memory and alterations in hippocampal synaptic plasticity. We report here that young rats efficiently performed at short-term (5 min) and long-term (24 h) hippocampus-associated object-location tasks and perirhinal cortex-related novel-object recognition tasks. In contrast, aged rats successfully performed the object-location and the novel-object recognition tasks only at short-term. In addition, aged rats displayed defective long-term potentiation (LTP) and enhanced long-term depression (LTD). Successful long-term performance of object-location but not of novel-object recognition tasks increased the protein levels of ryanodine receptor types-2/3 (RyR2/RyR3) and of IP3R1 in young rat hippocampus. Likewise, sustained LTP induction (1 h) significantly increased RyR2, RyR3 and IP3R1 protein levels in hippocampal slices from young rats. In contrast, LTD induction (1 h) did not modify the levels of these three proteins. Naïve (untrained) aged rats displayed higher RyR2/RyR3 hippocampal protein levels but similar IP3R1 protein content relative to young rats; these levels did not change following exposure to either memory recognition task or after LTP or LTD induction. The perirhinal cortex from young or aged rats did not display changes in the protein contents of RyR2, RyR3, and IP3R1 after exposure at long-term (24 h) to the object-location or the novel-object recognition tasks. Naïve aged rats displayed higher RyR2 channel oxidation levels in the hippocampus compared to naïve young rats. The RyR2/RyR3 up-regulation and the increased RyR2 oxidation levels exhibited by aged rat hippocampus are likely to generate anomalous calcium signals, which may contribute to the well-known impairments in hippocampal LTP and spatial memory that take place during aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tatiana Adasme
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de ChileSantiago, Chile.,Centro Integrativo de Biología y Química Aplicada, Universidad Bernardo O'HigginsSantiago, Chile
| | - Gina Sánchez
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de ChileSantiago, Chile.,Pathophysiology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de ChileSantiago, Chile
| | - Pablo Muñoz
- Center for Applied Neurological Sciences and Interdisciplinary Center for Innovation in Health, School of Medicine, Universidad de ValparaísoValparaíso, Chile
| | - Cecilia Hidalgo
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de ChileSantiago, Chile.,Center of Molecular Studies of the Cell and Physiology and Biophysics Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de ChileSantiago, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Howarth C, Sutherland B, Choi HB, Martin C, Lind BL, Khennouf L, LeDue JM, Pakan JMP, Ko RWY, Ellis-Davies G, Lauritzen M, Sibson NR, Buchan AM, MacVicar BA. A Critical Role for Astrocytes in Hypercapnic Vasodilation in Brain. J Neurosci 2017; 37:2403-2414. [PMID: 28137973 PMCID: PMC5354350 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0005-16.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral blood flow (CBF) is controlled by arterial blood pressure, arterial CO2, arterial O2, and brain activity and is largely constant in the awake state. Although small changes in arterial CO2 are particularly potent to change CBF (1 mmHg variation in arterial CO2 changes CBF by 3%-4%), the coupling mechanism is incompletely understood. We tested the hypothesis that astrocytic prostaglandin E2 (PgE2) plays a key role for cerebrovascular CO2 reactivity, and that preserved synthesis of glutathione is essential for the full development of this response. We combined two-photon imaging microscopy in brain slices with in vivo work in rats and C57BL/6J mice to examine the hemodynamic responses to CO2 and somatosensory stimulation before and after inhibition of astrocytic glutathione and PgE2 synthesis. We demonstrate that hypercapnia (increased CO2) evokes an increase in astrocyte [Ca2+]i and stimulates COX-1 activity. The enzyme downstream of COX-1 that synthesizes PgE2 (microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1) depends critically for its vasodilator activity on the level of glutathione in the brain. We show that, when glutathione levels are reduced, astrocyte calcium-evoked release of PgE2 is decreased and vasodilation triggered by increased astrocyte [Ca2+]iin vitro and by hypercapnia in vivo is inhibited. Astrocyte synthetic pathways, dependent on glutathione, are involved in cerebrovascular reactivity to CO2 Reductions in glutathione levels in aging, stroke, or schizophrenia could lead to dysfunctional regulation of CBF and subsequent neuronal damage.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Neuronal activity leads to the generation of CO2, which has previously been shown to evoke cerebral blood flow (CBF) increases via the release of the vasodilator PgE2 We demonstrate that hypercapnia (increased CO2) evokes increases in astrocyte calcium signaling, which in turn stimulates COX-1 activity and generates downstream PgE2 production. We demonstrate that astrocyte calcium-evoked production of the vasodilator PgE2 is critically dependent on brain levels of the antioxidant glutathione. These data suggest a novel role for astrocytes in the regulation of CO2-evoked CBF responses. Furthermore, these results suggest that depleted glutathione levels, which occur in aging and stroke, will give rise to dysfunctional CBF regulation and may result in subsequent neuronal damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clare Howarth
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Cancer Research United Kingdom and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TP, United Kingdom
| | - Brad Sutherland
- Acute Stroke Programme, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, United Kingdom
| | - Hyun B Choi
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Chris Martin
- Cancer Research United Kingdom and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TP, United Kingdom
| | - Barbara Lykke Lind
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology and Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Lila Khennouf
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology and Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Jeffrey M LeDue
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Janelle M P Pakan
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Rebecca W Y Ko
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Graham Ellis-Davies
- Department of Neuroscience, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10028, and
| | - Martin Lauritzen
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology and Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Rigshospitalet, DK-2600 Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Nicola R Sibson
- Cancer Research United Kingdom and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | - Alastair M Buchan
- Acute Stroke Programme, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, United Kingdom,
| | - Brian A MacVicar
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada,
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Wu WY, Dai YC, Li NG, Dong ZX, Gu T, Shi ZH, Xue X, Tang YP, Duan JA. Novel multitarget-directed tacrine derivatives as potential candidates for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2017; 32:572-587. [PMID: 28133981 PMCID: PMC6009885 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2016.1210139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder, which is complex and progressive; it has not only threatened the health of elderly people, but also burdened the whole social medical and health system. The available therapy for AD is limited and the efficacy remains unsatisfactory. In view of the prevalence and expected increase in the incidence of AD, the design and development of efficacious and safe anti-AD agents has become a hotspot in the field of pharmaceutical research. Due to the multifactorial etiology of AD, the multitarget-directed ligands (MTDLs) approach is promising in search for new drugs for AD. Tacrine, which is the first acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor, has been selected as the ideal active fragment because of its simple structure, clear activity, and its superiority in the structural modification, thus it could be introduced into the overall molecular skeletons of the multi-target-directed anti-AD agents. In this review, we have summarized the recent advances (2012 to the present) in the chemical modification of tacrine, which could provide the reference for the further study of novel multi-target-directed tacrine derivatives to treat AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Yu Wu
- a Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , Jiangsu , China.,b Department of Medicinal Chemistry , Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , Jiangsu , China
| | - Yu-Chen Dai
- a Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , Jiangsu , China.,b Department of Medicinal Chemistry , Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , Jiangsu , China
| | - Nian-Guang Li
- a Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , Jiangsu , China.,b Department of Medicinal Chemistry , Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , Jiangsu , China
| | - Ze-Xi Dong
- a Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , Jiangsu , China.,b Department of Medicinal Chemistry , Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , Jiangsu , China
| | - Ting Gu
- a Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , Jiangsu , China.,b Department of Medicinal Chemistry , Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , Jiangsu , China
| | - Zhi-Hao Shi
- a Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , Jiangsu , China.,c Department of Organic Chemistry , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , Jiangsu , China
| | - Xin Xue
- a Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , Jiangsu , China.,b Department of Medicinal Chemistry , Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , Jiangsu , China
| | - Yu-Ping Tang
- a Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , Jiangsu , China.,b Department of Medicinal Chemistry , Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , Jiangsu , China
| | - Jin-Ao Duan
- a Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , Jiangsu , China.,b Department of Medicinal Chemistry , Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , Jiangsu , China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Zhang D, Jin B, Ondrejcak T, Rowan MJ. Opposite in vivo effects of agents that stimulate or inhibit the glutamate/cysteine exchanger system xc- on the inhibition of hippocampal LTP by Aß. Hippocampus 2016; 26:1655-1665. [PMID: 27701797 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.22667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Aggregated amyloid ß-protein (Aß) is pathognomonic of Alzheimer's disease and certain assemblies of Aß are synaptotoxic. Excess glutamate or diminished glutathione reserve are both implicated in mediating or modulating Aß-induced disruption of synaptic plasticity. The system xc- antiporter promotes Na+ -independent exchange of cystine with glutamate thereby providing a major source of extracellular glutamate and intracellular glutathione concentrations. Here we probed the ability of two drugs with opposite effects on system xc-, the inhibitor sulfasalazine and facilitator N-acetylcysteine, to modulate the ability of Aß1-42 to inhibit long-term potentiation (LTP) in the CA1 area of the anaesthetized rat. Whereas acute systemic treatment with sulfasalazine lowered the threshold for Aß to interfere with synaptic plasticity, N-acetylcysteine prevented the inhibition of LTP by Aß alone or in combination with sulfasalazine. Moreover acute N-acetylcysteine also prevented the inhibition of LTP by TNFα, a putative mediator of Aß actions, and repeated systemic N-acetylcysteine treatment for 7 days reversed the delayed deleterious effect of Aß on LTP. Since both of these drugs are widely used clinically, further evaluation of their potential beneficial and deleterious actions in early Alzheimer's disease seems warranted. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dainan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland.,Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, 453100, China
| | - Baozhe Jin
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, 453100, China
| | - Tomas Ondrejcak
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Michael J Rowan
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
LeVault KR, Tischkau SA, Brewer GJ. Circadian Disruption Reveals a Correlation of an Oxidative GSH/GSSG Redox Shift with Learning and Impaired Memory in an Alzheimer's Disease Mouse Model. J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 49:301-16. [PMID: 26484899 DOI: 10.3233/jad-150026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
It is unclear whether pre-symptomatic Alzheimer's disease (AD) causes circadian disruption or whether circadian disruption accelerates AD pathogenesis. In order to examine the sensitivity of learning and memory to circadian disruption, we altered normal lighting phases by an 8 h shortening of the dark period every 3 days (jet lag) in the APPSwDI NOS2-/- model of AD (AD-Tg) at a young age (4-5 months), when memory is not yet affected compared to non-transgenic (non-Tg) mice. Analysis of activity in 12-12 h lighting or constant darkness showed only minor differences between AD-Tg and non-Tg mice. Jet lag greatly reduced activity in both genotypes during the normal dark time. Learning on the Morris water maze was significantly impaired only in the AD-Tg mice exposed to jet lag. However, memory 3 days after training was impaired in both genotypes. Jet lag caused a decrease of glutathione (GSH) levels that tended to be more pronounced in AD-Tg than in non-Tg brains and an associated increase in NADH levels in both genotypes. Lower brain GSH levels after jet lag correlated with poor performance on the maze. These data indicate that the combination of the environmental stress of circadian disruption together with latent stress of the mutant amyloid and NOS2 knockout contributes to cognitive deficits that correlate with lower GSH levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey R LeVault
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, Southern Illinois University School Medicine, Springfield, Illinois, USA
| | - Shelley A Tischkau
- Department of Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University School Medicine, Springfield, Illinois, USA
| | - Gregory J Brewer
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, Southern Illinois University School Medicine, Springfield, Illinois, USA.,Department of Neurology, Southern Illinois University School Medicine, Springfield, Illinois, USA.,Institute for Memory Impairment and Neurological Disorders (MIND), Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA (current)
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Calvo DJ, Beltrán González AN. Dynamic Regulation of the GABAA Receptor Function by Redox Mechanisms. Mol Pharmacol 2016; 90:326-33. [PMID: 27439531 DOI: 10.1124/mol.116.105205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidizing and reducing agents, which are currently involved in cell metabolism and signaling pathways, can regulate fast inhibitory neurotransmission mediated by GABA receptors in the nervous system. A number of in vitro studies have shown that diverse redox compounds, including redox metabolites and reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, modulate phasic and tonic responses mediated by neuronal GABAA receptors through both presynaptic and postsynaptic mechanisms. We review experimental data showing that many redox agents, which are normally present in neurons and glia or are endogenously generated in these cells under physiologic states or during oxidative stress (e.g., hydrogen peroxide, superoxide and hydroxyl radicals, nitric oxide, ascorbic acid, and glutathione), induce potentiating or inhibiting actions on different native and recombinant GABAA receptor subtypes. Based on these results, it is thought that redox signaling might represent a homeostatic mechanism that regulates the function of synaptic and extrasynaptic GABAA receptors in physiologic and pathologic conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Calvo
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular ¨Dr. Héctor N. Torres¨ (INGEBI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina (D.J.C., A.N.B.G.)
| | - Andrea N Beltrán González
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular ¨Dr. Héctor N. Torres¨ (INGEBI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina (D.J.C., A.N.B.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Han J, Zhang H, Wang S, Zhou J, Luo Y, Long LH, Hu ZL, Wang F, Chen JG, Wu PF. Potentiation of Surface Stability of AMPA Receptors by Sulfhydryl Compounds: A Redox-Independent Effect by Disrupting Palmitoylation. Neurochem Res 2016; 41:2890-2903. [PMID: 27426946 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-016-2006-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Revised: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Sulfhydryl compounds such as dithiothreitol (DTT) and β-mercaptoethanol (β-ME) are widely used as redox agents. Previous studies in our group and other laboratory have reported the effect of sulfhydryl compounds on the function of glutamate receptor, including plasticity. Most of these findings have focused on the N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor, in contrast, very little is known about the effect of sulfhydryl compounds on α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid receptor (AMPAR). Here, we observed that DTT (100 μM), β-ME (200 μM) and L-cysteine (200 μM) significantly elevated the surface expression of AMPARs via reducing their palmitoylation in rat hippocampal slices in vitro. Increased surface stability of AMPARs was not be correlated with the altered redox status, because the chemical entities containing mercapto group such as penicillamine (200 μM) and 2-mercapto-1-methylimidazole (200 μM) exhibited little effects on the surface expression of AMPARs. Computing results of Asp-His-His-Cys (DHHC) 3, the main enzyme for palmitoylation of AMPARs, indicated that only the alkyl mercaptans with chain-like configuration, such as DTT and β-ME, can enter the pocket of DHHC3 and disrupt the catalytic activity via inhibiting DHHC3 auto-palmitoylation. Collectively, our findings indicate a novel redox-independent mechanism underlay the multiple effects of thiol reductants on synaptic function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Han
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Hai Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Yi Luo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Li-Hong Long
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases (HUST), Ministry of Education of China, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.,The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.,Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, The Institute of Brain Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Zhuang-Li Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases (HUST), Ministry of Education of China, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.,The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.,Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, The Institute of Brain Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases (HUST), Ministry of Education of China, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.,The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.,Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, The Institute of Brain Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Jian-Guo Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases (HUST), Ministry of Education of China, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.,The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.,Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, The Institute of Brain Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Peng-Fei Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China. .,Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases (HUST), Ministry of Education of China, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China. .,The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China. .,Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, The Institute of Brain Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Hidalgo C, Arias-Cavieres A. Calcium, Reactive Oxygen Species, and Synaptic Plasticity. Physiology (Bethesda) 2016; 31:201-15. [DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00038.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review article, we address how activity-dependent Ca2+ signaling is crucial for hippocampal synaptic/structural plasticity and discuss how changes in neuronal oxidative state affect Ca2+ signaling and synaptic plasticity. We also analyze current evidence indicating that oxidative stress and abnormal Ca2+ signaling contribute to age-related synaptic plasticity deterioration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Hidalgo
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; and
- Center of Molecular Studies of the Cell and Physiology and Biophysics Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandra Arias-Cavieres
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; and
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Patel R, Sesti F. Oxidation of ion channels in the aging nervous system. Brain Res 2016; 1639:174-85. [PMID: 26947620 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2016.02.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2015] [Revised: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Ion channels are integral membrane proteins that allow passive diffusion of ions across membranes. In neurons and in other excitable cells, the harmonious coordination between the numerous types of ion channels shape and propagate electrical signals. Increased accumulation of reactive oxidative species (ROS), and subsequent oxidation of proteins, including ion channels, is a hallmark feature of aging and may contribute to cell failure as a result. In this review we discuss the effects of ROS on three major types of ion channels of the central nervous system, namely the potassium (K(+)), calcium (Ca(2+)) and sodium (Na(+)) channels. We examine two general mechanisms through which ROS affect ion channels: via direct oxidation of specific residues and via indirect interference of pathways that regulate the channels. The overall status of the present studies indicates that the interaction of ion channels with ROS is multimodal and pervasive in the central nervous system and likely constitutes a general mechanism of aging susceptibility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Patel
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, 683 Hoes Lane West, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Federico Sesti
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, 683 Hoes Lane West, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Effects of pre-natal alcohol exposure on hippocampal synaptic plasticity: Sex, age and methodological considerations. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016; 64:12-34. [PMID: 26906760 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The consumption of alcohol during gestation is detrimental to the developing central nervous system (CNS). The severity of structural and functional brain alterations associated with alcohol intake depends on many factors including the timing and duration of alcohol consumption. The hippocampal formation, a brain region implicated in learning and memory, is highly susceptible to the effects of developmental alcohol exposure. Some of the observed effects of alcohol on learning and memory may be due to changes at the synaptic level, as this teratogen has been repeatedly shown to interfere with hippocampal synaptic plasticity. At the molecular level alcohol interferes with receptor proteins and can disrupt hormones that are important for neuronal signaling and synaptic plasticity. In this review we examine the consequences of prenatal and early postnatal alcohol exposure on hippocampal synaptic plasticity and highlight the numerous factors that can modulate the effects of alcohol. We also discuss some potential mechanisms responsible for these changes as well as emerging therapeutic avenues that are beginning to be explored.
Collapse
|
47
|
Liu JM, Wu PF, Rao J, Zhou J, Shen ZC, Luo H, Huang JG, Liang X, Long LH, Xie QG, Jiang FC, Wang F, Chen JG. ST09, a Novel Thioester Derivative of Tacrine, Alleviates Cognitive Deficits and Enhances Glucose Metabolism in Vascular Dementia Rats. CNS Neurosci Ther 2016; 22:220-9. [PMID: 26813743 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Revised: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Chemical entities containing mercapto group have been increasingly attractive in the therapy of central nerve system (CNS) diseases. In the recent study, we screened a series of mercapto-tacrine derivatives with synergistic neuropharmacological profiles in vitro. METHODS We investigated the effect and mechanism of ST09, a thioester derivative of tacrine containing a potential mercapto group, on the vascular dementia (VaD) model of rat induced by bilateral common carotid arteries occlusion (2-VO). RESULTS ST09 and its active metabolite ST10 retained excellent inhibition on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity. ST09 significantly attenuated the 2-VO-induced impairment in spatial acquisition performance and inhibited the 2-VO-induced rise of AChE activity. In the VaD model, ST09 attenuated the oxidative stress and decreased the apoptosis in the cortex and hippocampus. Compared with donepezil, ST09 exhibited a better effect on the regeneration of free thiols in 2-VO rats. Interestingly, ST09, not donepezil, greatly improved glucose metabolism in various brain regions of 2-VO rats using functional imaging of (18) F-labeled fluoro-deoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET). CONCLUSIONS ST09 may serve as a more promising agent for the therapy of VaD than tacrine owing to the introduction of a potential mercapto group into the parent skeleton.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Min Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Peng-Fei Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China.,Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, The Institute of Brain Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Rao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zu-Cheng Shen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Han Luo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jian-Geng Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao Liang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Li-Hong Long
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China.,Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, The Institute of Brain Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qing-Guo Xie
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Feng-Chao Jiang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China.,Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, The Institute of Brain Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jian-Guo Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China.,Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, The Institute of Brain Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,The Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Spalloni A, Longone P. Cognitive impairment in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, clues from the SOD1 mouse. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016; 60:12-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Revised: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
49
|
Kumar A. NMDA Receptor Function During Senescence: Implication on Cognitive Performance. Front Neurosci 2015; 9:473. [PMID: 26732087 PMCID: PMC4679982 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2015.00473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, a family of L-glutamate receptors, play an important role in learning and memory, and are critical for spatial memory. These receptors are tetrameric ion channels composed of a family of related subunits. One of the hallmarks of the aging human population is a decline in cognitive function; studies in the past couple of years have demonstrated deterioration in NMDA receptor subunit expression and function with advancing age. However, a direct relationship between impaired memory function and a decline in NMDA receptors is still ambiguous. Recent studies indicate a link between an age-associated NMDA receptor hypofunction and memory impairment and provide evidence that age-associated enhanced oxidative stress might be contributing to the alterations associated with senescence. However, clear evidence is still deficient in demonstrating the underlying mechanisms and a relationship between age-associated impaired cognitive faculties and NMDA receptor hypofunction. The current review intends to present an overview of the research findings regarding changes in expression of various NMDA receptor subunits and deficits in NMDA receptor function during senescence and its implication in age-associated impaired hippocampal-dependent memory function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Kumar
- Department of Neuroscience, Evelyn F. and William L. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida Gainesville, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Norris CM, Sompol P, Roberts KN, Ansari M, Scheff SW. Pycnogenol protects CA3-CA1 synaptic function in a rat model of traumatic brain injury. Exp Neurol 2015; 276:5-12. [PMID: 26607913 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2015.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Pycnogenol (PYC) is a patented mix of bioflavonoids with potent anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Previously, we showed that PYC administration to rats within hours after a controlled cortical impact (CCI) injury significantly protects against the loss of several synaptic proteins in the hippocampus. Here, we investigated the effects of PYC on CA3-CA1 synaptic function following CCI. Adult Sprague-Dawley rats received an ipsilateral CCI injury followed 15 min later by intravenous injection of saline vehicle or PYC (10 mg/kg). Hippocampal slices from the injured (ipsilateral) and uninjured (contralateral) hemispheres were prepared at seven and fourteen days post-CCI for electrophysiological analyses of CA3-CA1 synaptic function and induction of long-term depression (LTD). Basal synaptic strength was impaired in slices from the ipsilateral, relative to the contralateral, hemisphere at seven days post-CCI and susceptibility to LTD was enhanced in the ipsilateral hemisphere at both post-injury timepoints. No interhemispheric differences in basal synaptic strength or LTD induction were observed in rats treated with PYC. The results show that PYC preserves synaptic function after CCI and provides further rationale for investigating the use of PYC as a therapeutic in humans suffering from neurotrauma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Norris
- Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, United States; Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, United States.
| | - Pradoldej Sompol
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, United States.
| | - Kelly N Roberts
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, United States.
| | - Mubeen Ansari
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, United States.
| | - Stephen W Scheff
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, United States; Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Kentucky, College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, United States.
| |
Collapse
|