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Warner van Dijk FA, Tong O, O'Neil TR, Bertram KM, Hu K, Baharlou H, Vine EE, Jenns K, Gosselink MP, Toh JW, Papadopoulos T, Barnouti L, Jenkins GJ, Sandercoe G, Haniffa M, Sandgren KJ, Harman AN, Cunningham AL, Nasr N. Characterising plasmacytoid and myeloid AXL+ SIGLEC-6+ dendritic cell functions and their interactions with HIV. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1012351. [PMID: 38924030 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1012351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
AXL+ Siglec-6+ dendritic cells (ASDC) are novel myeloid DCs which can be subdivided into CD11c+ and CD123+ expressing subsets. We showed for the first time that these two ASDC subsets are present in inflamed human anogenital tissues where HIV transmission occurs. Their presence in inflamed tissues was supported by single cell RNA analysis of public databases of such tissues including psoriasis diseased skin and colorectal cancer. Almost all previous studies have examined ASDCs as a combined population. Our data revealed that the two ASDC subsets differ markedly in their functions when compared with each other and to pDCs. Relative to their cell functions, both subsets of blood ASDCs but not pDCs expressed co-stimulatory and maturation markers which were more prevalent on CD11c+ ASDCs, thus inducing more T cell proliferation and activation than their CD123+ counterparts. There was also a significant polarisation of naïve T cells by both ASDC subsets toward Th2, Th9, Th22, Th17 and Treg but less toward a Th1 phenotype. Furthermore, we investigated the expression of chemokine receptors that facilitate ASDCs and pDCs migration from blood to inflamed tissues, their HIV binding receptors, and their interactions with HIV and CD4 T cells. For HIV infection, within 2 hours of HIV exposure, CD11c+ ASDCs showed a trend in more viral transfer to T cells than CD123+ ASDCs and pDCs for first phase transfer. However, for second phase transfer, CD123+ ASDCs showed a trend in transferring more HIV than CD11c+ ASDCs and there was no viral transfer from pDCs. As anogenital inflammation is a prerequisite for HIV transmission, strategies to inhibit ASDC recruitment into inflamed tissues and their ability to transmit HIV to CD4 T cells should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freja A Warner van Dijk
- The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Centre for Virus Research, Westmead, Australia
- The University of Sydney, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, Australia
| | - Orion Tong
- The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Centre for Virus Research, Westmead, Australia
| | - Thomas R O'Neil
- The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Centre for Virus Research, Westmead, Australia
- The University of Sydney, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, Australia
| | - Kirstie M Bertram
- The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Centre for Virus Research, Westmead, Australia
| | - Kevin Hu
- The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Centre for Virus Research, Westmead, Australia
- The University of Sydney, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, Australia
| | - Heeva Baharlou
- The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Centre for Virus Research, Westmead, Australia
- The University of Sydney, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, Australia
| | - Erica E Vine
- The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Centre for Virus Research, Westmead, Australia
- The University of Sydney, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, Australia
| | - Kate Jenns
- The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Centre for Virus Research, Westmead, Australia
- The University of Sydney, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - James W Toh
- The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Centre for Virus Research, Westmead, Australia
- The University of Sydney, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, Australia
| | - Tim Papadopoulos
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery, Westmead Private Hospital, Westmead, Australia
| | - Laith Barnouti
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery, Westmead Private Hospital, Westmead, Australia
| | - Gregory J Jenkins
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, Australia
| | - Gavin Sandercoe
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Norwest Private Hospital, Bella Vista, Australia
| | - Muzlifah Haniffa
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Knigdom
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Knigdom
- Department of Dermatology and NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Knigdom
| | - Kerrie J Sandgren
- The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Centre for Virus Research, Westmead, Australia
- The University of Sydney, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, Australia
| | - Andrew N Harman
- The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Centre for Virus Research, Westmead, Australia
- The University of Sydney, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, Australia
| | - Anthony L Cunningham
- The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Centre for Virus Research, Westmead, Australia
- The University of Sydney, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, Australia
| | - Najla Nasr
- The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Centre for Virus Research, Westmead, Australia
- The University of Sydney, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, Australia
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2
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Boreland AJ, Stillitano AC, Lin HC, Abbo Y, Hart RP, Jiang P, Pang ZP, Rabson AB. Sustained type I interferon signaling after human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection of human iPSC derived microglia and cerebral organoids. iScience 2024; 27:109628. [PMID: 38628961 PMCID: PMC11019286 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1)-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) affects up to half of people living with HIV-1 and causes long term neurological consequences. The pathophysiology of HIV-1-induced glial and neuronal functional deficits in humans remains enigmatic. To bridge this gap, we established a model simulating HIV-1 infection in the central nervous system using human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived microglia combined with sliced neocortical organoids. Incubation of microglia with two replication-competent macrophage-tropic HIV-1 strains (JRFL and YU2) elicited productive infection and inflammatory activation. RNA sequencing revealed significant and sustained activation of type I interferon signaling pathways. Incorporating microglia into sliced neocortical organoids extended the effects of aberrant type I interferon signaling in a human neural context. Collectively, our results illuminate a role for persistent type I interferon signaling in HIV-1-infected microglia in a human neural model, suggesting its potential significance in the pathogenesis of HAND.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Boreland
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Alessandro C. Stillitano
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Hsin-Ching Lin
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Yara Abbo
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Ronald P. Hart
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Peng Jiang
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Zhiping P. Pang
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Arnold B. Rabson
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
- Departments of Pharmacology, Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, and Pediatrics, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
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3
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Domma AJ, Henderson LA, Nurdin JA, Kamil JP. Uncloaking the viral glycocalyx: How do viruses exploit glycoimmune checkpoints? Adv Virus Res 2024; 119:63-110. [PMID: 38897709 PMCID: PMC11192240 DOI: 10.1016/bs.aivir.2024.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
The surfaces of cells and enveloped viruses alike are coated in carbohydrates that play multifarious roles in infection and immunity. Organisms across all kingdoms of life make use of a diverse set of monosaccharide subunits, glycosidic linkages, and branching patterns to encode information within glycans. Accordingly, sugar-patterning enzymes and glycan binding proteins play integral roles in cell and organismal biology, ranging from glycoprotein quality control within the endoplasmic reticulum to lymphocyte migration, coagulation, inflammation, and tissue homeostasis. Unsurprisingly, genes involved in generating and recognizing oligosaccharide patterns are playgrounds for evolutionary conflicts that abound in cross-species interactions, exemplified by the myriad plant lectins that function as toxins. In vertebrates, glycans bearing acidic nine-carbon sugars called sialic acids are key regulators of immune responses. Various bacterial and fungal pathogens adorn their cells in sialic acids that either mimic their hosts' or are stolen from them. Yet, how viruses commandeer host sugar-patterning enzymes to thwart immune responses remains poorly studied. Here, we review examples of viruses that interact with sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins (Siglecs), a family of immune cell receptors that regulate toll-like receptor signaling and govern glycoimmune checkpoints, while highlighting knowledge gaps that merit investigation. Efforts to illuminate how viruses leverage glycan-dependent checkpoints may translate into new clinical treatments that uncloak viral antigens and infected cell surfaces by removing or masking immunosuppressive sialoglycans, or by inhibiting viral gene products that induce their biosynthesis. Such approaches may hold the potential to unleash the immune system to clear long intractable chronic viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J Domma
- LSU Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
| | | | - Jeffery A Nurdin
- LSU Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
| | - Jeremy P Kamil
- LSU Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States.
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4
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Ireland J, Segura J, Shi G, Buchwald J, Roth G, Shen TJ, Wang R, Ji X, Fischer ER, Moir S, Chun TW, Sun PD. Inhibition of HIV-1 release by ADAM metalloproteinase inhibitors. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1385775. [PMID: 38572241 PMCID: PMC10987949 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1385775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 gp120 glycan binding to C-type lectin adhesion receptor L-selectin/CD62L on CD4 T cells facilitates viral attachment and entry. Paradoxically, the adhesion receptor impedes HIV-1 budding from infected T cells and the viral release requires the shedding of CD62L. To systematically investigate CD62L-shedding mediated viral release and its potential inhibition, we screened compounds specific for serine-, cysteine-, aspartyl-, and Zn-dependent proteases for CD62L shedding inhibition and found that a subclass of Zn-metalloproteinase inhibitors, including BB-94, TAPI, prinomastat, GM6001, and GI25423X, suppressed CD62L shedding. Their inhibition of HIV-1 infections correlated with enzymatic suppression of both ADAM10 and 17 activities and expressions of these ADAMs were transiently induced during the viral infection. These metalloproteinase inhibitors are distinct from the current antiretroviral drug compounds. Using immunogold labeling of CD62L, we observed association between budding HIV-1 virions and CD62L by transmission electron microscope, and the extent of CD62L-tethering of budding virions increased when the receptor shedding is inhibited. Finally, these CD62L shedding inhibitors suppressed the release of HIV-1 virions by CD4 T cells of infected individuals and their virion release inhibitions correlated with their CD62L shedding inhibitions. Our finding reveals a new therapeutic approach targeted at HIV-1 viral release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Ireland
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Jason Segura
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Genbin Shi
- Center for Structural Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Julianna Buchwald
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Gwynne Roth
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Thomas Juncheng Shen
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Ruipeng Wang
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Xinhua Ji
- Center for Structural Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Elizabeth R. Fischer
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Research Technology Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, United States
| | - Susan Moir
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Tae-Wook Chun
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Peter D. Sun
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States
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Heindel DW, Figueroa Acosta DM, Goff M, Yengo CK, Jan M, Liu X, Wang XH, Petrova MI, Zhang M, Sagar M, Barnette P, Pandey S, Hessell AJ, Chan KW, Kong XP, Chen BK, Mahal LK, Bensing BA, Hioe CE. HIV-1 interaction with an O-glycan-specific bacterial lectin enhances virus infectivity and resistance to neutralization by antibodies. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-2596269. [PMID: 36824869 PMCID: PMC9949255 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2596269/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Bacteria dysbiosis has been associated with an increased risk of HIV-1 transmission and acquisition. The prevalent idea is that bacteria dysbiosis compromises mucosal integrity and promotes inflammatory conditions to cause recruitment and activation of immune cells that harbor or are targeted by HIV-1. However, it is also possible that HIV-1 directly binds bacteria or bacterial products to impact virus infectivity and transmissibility. This study evaluated HIV-1 interactions with bacteria through glycan-binding lectins. The Streptococcal Siglec-like lectin SLBR-N, which is part of the fimbriae shrouding the bacteria surface and recognizes α2,3 sialyated O-linked glycans, was noted for its ability to enhance HIV-1 infectivity in the context of cell-free infection and cell-to-cell transfer. Enhancing effects were recapitulated with O-glycan-binding plant lectins, signifying the importance of O-glycans. Conversely, N-glycan-binding bacterial lectins FimH and Msl had no effect. SLBR-N was demonstrated to capture and transfer infectious HIV-1 virions, bind to O-glycans on HIV-1 Env, and increase HIV-1 resistance to broadly neutralizing antibodies targeting different regions of Env. Hence, this study highlights the potential contribution of O-glycans in promoting HIV-1 infection through the exploitation of O-glycan-binding lectins from commensal bacteria at the mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel W Heindel
- Divison of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dania M Figueroa Acosta
- Divison of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marisa Goff
- Divison of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Clauvis Kunkeng Yengo
- Divison of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Muzafar Jan
- Divison of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Present address: Department of Biochemistry, Government Degree College Handwara, University of Kashmir, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Xiaomei Liu
- Divison of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xiao-Hong Wang
- VA New York Harbor Healthcare System-Manhattan, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Mariya I Petrova
- Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Present address: Microbiome Insights and Probiotics Consultancy, Karlovo, Bulgaria
| | - Mo Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Manish Sagar
- Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Virology, Immunology and Microbiology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, USA
| | - Phillip Barnette
- Division of Pathobiology and Immunology, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - Shilpi Pandey
- Division of Pathobiology and Immunology, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - Ann J Hessell
- Division of Pathobiology and Immunology, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - Kun-Wei Chan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xiang-Peng Kong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Benjamin K Chen
- Divison of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lara K Mahal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Barbara A Bensing
- Department of Medicine, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Catarina E Hioe
- Divison of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, USA
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Van Ryk D, Vimonpatranon S, Hiatt J, Ganesan S, Chen N, McMurry J, Garba S, Min S, Goes LR, Girard A, Yolitz J, Licavoli I, Wei D, Huang D, Soares MA, Martinelli E, Cicala C, Arthos J. The V2 domain of HIV gp120 mimics an interaction between CD4 and integrin ⍺4β7. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011860. [PMID: 38064524 PMCID: PMC10732398 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The CD4 receptor, by stabilizing TCR-MHC II interactions, plays a central role in adaptive immunity. It also serves as the HIV docking receptor. The HIV gp120 envelope protein binds directly to CD4. This interaction is a prerequisite for viral entry. gp120 also binds to ⍺4β7, an integrin that is expressed on a subset of memory CD4+ T cells. HIV tropisms for CD4+ T cells and gut tissues are central features of HIV pathogenesis. We report that CD4 binds directly to ⍺4β7 in a dynamic way, consistent with a cis regulatory interaction. The molecular details of this interaction are related to the way in which gp120 interacts with both receptors. Like MAdCAM-1 and VCAM-1, two recognized ligands of ⍺4β7, the binding interface on CD4 includes 2 sites (1° and accessory), distributed across its two N-terminal IgSF domains (D1 and D2). The 1° site includes a sequence in the G β-strand of CD4 D2, KIDIV, that binds directly to ⍺4β7. This pentapeptide sequence occurs infrequently in eukaryotic proteins. However, a closely related and conserved sequence, KLDIV, appears in the V2 domain of gp120. KLDIV mediates gp120-⍺4β7 binding. The accessory ⍺4β7 binding site on CD4 includes Phe43. The Phe43 aromatic ring protrudes outward from one edge of a loop connecting the C'C" strands of CD4 D1. Phe43 is a principal contact for HIV gp120. It interacts with conserved residues in the recessed CD4 binding pocket. Substitution of Phe43 abrogates CD4 binding to both gp120 and ⍺4β7. As such, the interactions of gp120 with both CD4 and ⍺4β7 reflect elements of their interactions with each other. These findings indicate that gp120 specificities for CD4 and ⍺4β7 are interrelated and suggest that selective pressures which produced a CD4 tropic virus that replicates in gut tissues are linked to a dynamic interaction between these two receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald Van Ryk
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Sinmanus Vimonpatranon
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Retrovirology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences–United States Component, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Joe Hiatt
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Sundar Ganesan
- Biological Imaging Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Nathalie Chen
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jordan McMurry
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Saadiq Garba
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Susie Min
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Livia R. Goes
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Oncovirology Program, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Girard
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jason Yolitz
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Isabella Licavoli
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Danlan Wei
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Dawei Huang
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Marcelo A. Soares
- Oncovirology Program, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Elena Martinelli
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Claudia Cicala
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - James Arthos
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
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7
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Calado M, Pires D, Conceição C, Santos-Costa Q, Anes E, Azevedo-Pereira JM. Human immunodeficiency virus transmission-Mechanisms underlying the cell-to-cell spread of human immunodeficiency virus. Rev Med Virol 2023; 33:e2480. [PMID: 37698498 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Despite the success of combined antiretroviral therapy in controlling viral load and reducing the risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission, an estimated 1.5 million new infections occurred worldwide in 2021. These new infections are mainly the result of sexual intercourse and thus involve cells present on the genital mucosa, such as dendritic cells (DCs), macrophages (Mø) and CD4+ T lymphocytes. Understanding the mechanisms by which HIV interacts with these cells and how HIV exploits these interactions to establish infection in a new human host is critical to the development of strategies to prevent and control HIV transmission. In this review, we explore how HIV has evolved to manipulate some of the physiological roles of these cells, thereby gaining access to strategic cellular niches that are critical for the spread and pathogenesis of HIV infection. The interaction of HIV with DCs, Mø and CD4+ T lymphocytes, and the role of the intercellular transfer of viral particles through the establishment of the infectious or virological synapses, but also through membrane protrusions such as filopodia and tunnelling nanotubes (TNTs), and cell fusion or cell engulfment processes are presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Calado
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Host-Pathogen Interactions Unit, Research Institute for Medicines, iMed-ULisboa, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - David Pires
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Host-Pathogen Interactions Unit, Research Institute for Medicines, iMed-ULisboa, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Health, Católica Medical School, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rio de Mouro, Portugal
| | - Carolina Conceição
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Host-Pathogen Interactions Unit, Research Institute for Medicines, iMed-ULisboa, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Quirina Santos-Costa
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Host-Pathogen Interactions Unit, Research Institute for Medicines, iMed-ULisboa, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Elsa Anes
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Host-Pathogen Interactions Unit, Research Institute for Medicines, iMed-ULisboa, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - José Miguel Azevedo-Pereira
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Host-Pathogen Interactions Unit, Research Institute for Medicines, iMed-ULisboa, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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8
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Boreland AJ, Stillitano AC, Lin HC, Abbo Y, Hart RP, Jiang P, Pang ZP, Rabson AB. Dysregulated neuroimmune interactions and sustained type I interferon signaling after human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection of human iPSC derived microglia and cerebral organoids. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.25.563950. [PMID: 37961371 PMCID: PMC10634901 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.25.563950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) affects up to half of HIV-1 positive patients with long term neurological consequences, including dementia. There are no effective therapeutics for HAND because the pathophysiology of HIV-1 induced glial and neuronal functional deficits in humans remains enigmatic. To bridge this knowledge gap, we established a model simulating HIV-1 infection in the central nervous system using human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) derived microglia combined with sliced neocortical organoids. Upon incubation with two replication-competent macrophage-tropic HIV-1 strains (JRFL and YU2), we observed that microglia not only became productively infected but also exhibited inflammatory activation. RNA sequencing revealed a significant and sustained activation of type I interferon signaling pathways. Incorporating microglia into sliced neocortical organoids extended the effects of aberrant type I interferon signaling in a human neural context. Collectively, our results illuminate the role of persistent type I interferon signaling in HIV-1 infected microglial in a human neural model, suggesting its potential significance in the pathogenesis of HAND.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Boreland
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ
- Department of Neuroscience, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Alessandro C. Stillitano
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Hsin-Ching Lin
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Yara Abbo
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Ronald P. Hart
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ
| | - Peng Jiang
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ
| | - Zhiping P. Pang
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ
- Department of Neuroscience, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Arnold B. Rabson
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ
- Department of Pharmacology, Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, and Pediatrics, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ
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9
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Duran-Castells C, Prats A, Oriol-Tordera B, Llano A, Galvez C, Martinez-Picado J, Ballana E, Garcia-Vidal E, Clotet B, Muñoz-Moreno JA, Hanke T, Moltó J, Mothe B, Brander C, Ruiz-Riol M. Plasma proteomic profiling identifies CD33 as a marker of HIV control in natural infection and after therapeutic vaccination. EBioMedicine 2023; 95:104732. [PMID: 37506557 PMCID: PMC10410179 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biomarkers predicting the outcome of HIV-1 virus control in natural infection and after therapeutic interventions in HIV-1 cure trials remain poorly defined. The BCN02 trial (NCT02616874), combined a T-cell vaccine with romidepsin (RMD), a cancer-drug that was used to promote HIV-1 latency reversal and which has also been shown to have beneficial effects on neurofunction. We conducted longitudinal plasma proteomics analyses in trial participants to define biomarkers associated with virus control during monitored antiretroviral pause (MAP) and to identify novel therapeutic targets that can improve future cure strategies. METHODS BCN02 was a phase I, open-label, single-arm clinical trial in early-treated, HIV infected individuals. Longitudinal plasma proteomes were analyzed in 11 BCN02 participants, including 8 participants that showed a rapid HIV-1 plasma rebound during a monitored antiretroviral pause (MAP-NC, 'non-controllers') and 3 that remained off ART with sustained plasma viremia <2000 copies/ml (MAP-C, 'controllers'). Inflammatory and neurological proteomes in plasma were evaluated and integration data analysis (viral and neurocognitive parameters) was performed. Validation studies were conducted in a cohort of untreated HIV-1+ individuals (n = 96) and in vitro viral replication assays using an anti-CD33 antibody were used for functional validation. FINDINGS Inflammatory plasma proteomes in BCN02 participants showed marked longitudinal alterations. Strong proteome differences were also observed between MAP-C and MAP-NC, including in baseline timepoints. CD33/Siglec-3 was the unique plasma marker with the ability to discriminate between MAPC-C and MAP-NC at all study timepoints and showed positive correlations with viral parameters. Analyses in an untreated cohort of PLWH confirmed the positive correlation between viral parameters and CD33 plasma levels, as well as PBMC gene expression. Finally, adding an anti-CD33 antibody to in vitro virus cultures significantly reduced HIV-1 replication and proviral levels in T cells and macrophages. INTERPRETATION This study indicates that CD33/Siglec-3 may serve as a predictor of HIV-1 control and as potential therapeutic tool to improve future cure strategies. FUNDING Spanish Science and Innovation Ministry (SAF2017-89726-R and PID2020-119710RB-I00), NIH (P01-AI131568), European Commission (GA101057548) and a Grifols research agreement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Duran-Castells
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute Badalona, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Prats
- Fight Infections Foundation and Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Bruna Oriol-Tordera
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute Badalona, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anuska Llano
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute Badalona, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Cristina Galvez
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute Badalona, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Javier Martinez-Picado
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute Badalona, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain; University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), Vic, Spain; Catalan Institution for Research Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ester Ballana
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute Badalona, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Edurne Garcia-Vidal
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute Badalona, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Bonaventura Clotet
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute Badalona, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain; Fight Infections Foundation and Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain; University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), Vic, Spain
| | - Jose A Muñoz-Moreno
- Fight Infections Foundation and Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain; Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya (UOC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Thomas Hanke
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK; Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - José Moltó
- Fight Infections Foundation and Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Mothe
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute Badalona, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain; Fight Infections Foundation and Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain; University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), Vic, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Christian Brander
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute Badalona, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), Vic, Spain; Catalan Institution for Research Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Ruiz-Riol
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute Badalona, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Madrid, Spain.
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10
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Álvarez B, Revilla C, Poderoso T, Ezquerra A, Domínguez J. Porcine Macrophage Markers and Populations: An Update. Cells 2023; 12:2103. [PMID: 37626913 PMCID: PMC10453229 DOI: 10.3390/cells12162103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Besides its importance as a livestock species, pig is increasingly being used as an animal model for biomedical research. Macrophages play critical roles in immunity to pathogens, tissue development, homeostasis and tissue repair. These cells are also primary targets for replication of viruses such as African swine fever virus, classical swine fever virus, and porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus, which can cause huge economic losses to the pig industry. In this article, we review the current status of knowledge on porcine macrophages, starting by reviewing the markers available for their phenotypical characterization and following with the characteristics of the main macrophage populations described in different organs, as well as the effect of polarization conditions on their phenotype and function. We will also review available cell lines suitable for studies on the biology of porcine macrophages and their interaction with pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Angel Ezquerra
- Departamento de Biotecnología, CSIC INIA, Ctra. De La Coruña, km7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (B.Á.); (C.R.); (T.P.); (J.D.)
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11
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Raïch-Regué D, Resa-Infante P, Gallemí M, Laguia F, Muñiz-Trabudua X, Muñoz-Basagoiti J, Perez-Zsolt D, Chojnacki J, Benet S, Clotet B, Martinez-Picado J, Izquierdo-Useros N. Role of Siglecs in viral infections: A double-edged sword interaction. Mol Aspects Med 2023; 90:101113. [PMID: 35981912 PMCID: PMC9923124 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2022.101113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Sialic-acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins are cell surface immune receptors known as Siglecs that play a paramount role as modulators of immunity. In recent years, research has underscored how the underlaying biology of this family of receptors influences the outcome of viral infections. While Siglecs are needed to promote effective antiviral immune responses, they can also pave the way to viral dissemination within tissues. Here, we review how recent preclinical findings focusing on the interplay between Siglecs and viruses may translate into promising broad-spectrum therapeutic interventions or key biomarkers to monitor the course of viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dàlia Raïch-Regué
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916, Badalona, Spain
| | - Patricia Resa-Infante
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916, Badalona, Spain; University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), 08500, Vic, Spain
| | - Marçal Gallemí
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916, Badalona, Spain
| | - Fernando Laguia
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916, Badalona, Spain
| | - Xabier Muñiz-Trabudua
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916, Badalona, Spain
| | | | - Daniel Perez-Zsolt
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916, Badalona, Spain
| | - Jakub Chojnacki
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916, Badalona, Spain; Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Can Ruti Campus, 08916, Badalona, Spain
| | - Susana Benet
- Fundació lluita contra la SIDA, Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916, Badalona, Spain
| | - Bonaventura Clotet
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916, Badalona, Spain; University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), 08500, Vic, Spain; Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Can Ruti Campus, 08916, Badalona, Spain; Fundació lluita contra la SIDA, Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916, Badalona, Spain; Consorcio Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Martinez-Picado
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916, Badalona, Spain; University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), 08500, Vic, Spain; Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Can Ruti Campus, 08916, Badalona, Spain; Consorcio Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), 08010, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nuria Izquierdo-Useros
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916, Badalona, Spain; Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Can Ruti Campus, 08916, Badalona, Spain; Consorcio Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
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12
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Prenzler S, Rudrawar S, Waespy M, Kelm S, Anoopkumar-Dukie S, Haselhorst T. The role of sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like-lectin-1 (siglec-1) in immunology and infectious disease. Int Rev Immunol 2023; 42:113-138. [PMID: 34494938 DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2021.1931171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Siglec-1, also known as Sialoadhesin (Sn) and CD169 is highly conserved among vertebrates and with 17 immunoglobulin-like domains is Siglec-1 the largest member of the Siglec family. Expression of Siglec-1 is found primarily on dendritic cells (DCs), macrophages and interferon induced monocyte. The structure of Siglec-1 is unique among siglecs and its function as a receptor is also different compared to other receptors in this class as it contains the most extracellular domains out of all the siglecs. However, the ability of Siglec-1 to internalize antigens and to pass them on to lymphocytes by allowing dendritic cells and macrophages to act as antigen presenting cells, is the main reason that has granted Siglec-1's key role in multiple human disease states including atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, autoimmune diseases, cell-cell signaling, immunology, and more importantly bacterial and viral infections. Enveloped viruses for example have been shown to manipulate Siglec-1 to increase their virulence by binding to sialic acids present on the virus glycoproteins allowing them to spread or evade immune response. Siglec-1 mediates dissemination of HIV-1 in activated tissues enhancing viral spread via infection of DC/T-cell synapses. Overall, the ability of Siglec-1 to bind a variety of target cells within the immune system such as erythrocytes, B-cells, CD8+ granulocytes and NK cells, highlights that Siglec-1 is a unique player in these essential processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane Prenzler
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia.,Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Santosh Rudrawar
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia.,Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mario Waespy
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, Department of Biology and Chemistry, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Sørge Kelm
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, Department of Biology and Chemistry, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Shailendra Anoopkumar-Dukie
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia.,Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Thomas Haselhorst
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
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13
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Ma T, McGregor M, Giron L, Xie G, George AF, Abdel-Mohsen M, Roan NR. Single-cell glycomics analysis by CyTOF-Lec reveals glycan features defining cells differentially susceptible to HIV. eLife 2022; 11:e78870. [PMID: 35787792 PMCID: PMC9255966 DOI: 10.7554/elife.78870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
High-parameter single-cell phenotyping has enabled in-depth classification and interrogation of immune cells, but to date has not allowed for glycan characterization. Here, we develop CyTOF-Lec as an approach to simultaneously characterize many protein and glycan features of human immune cells at the single-cell level. We implemented CyTOF-Lec to compare glycan features between different immune subsets from blood and multiple tissue compartments, and to characterize HIV-infected cell cultures. Using bioinformatics approaches to distinguish preferential infection of cellular subsets from viral-induced remodeling, we demonstrate that HIV upregulates the levels of cell-surface fucose and sialic acid in a cell-intrinsic manner, and that memory CD4+ T cells co-expressing high levels of fucose and sialic acid are highly susceptible to HIV infection. Sialic acid levels were found to distinguish memory CD4+ T cell subsets expressing different amounts of viral entry receptors, pro-survival factors, homing receptors, and activation markers, and to play a direct role in memory CD4+ T cells' susceptibility to HIV infection. The ability of sialic acid to distinguish memory CD4+ T cells with different susceptibilities to HIV infection was experimentally validated through sorting experiments. Together, these results suggest that HIV remodels not only cellular proteins but also glycans, and that glycan expression can differentiate memory CD4+ T cells with vastly different susceptibility to HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongcui Ma
- Department of Urology, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Gladstone InstitutesSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Matthew McGregor
- Department of Urology, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Gladstone InstitutesSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Leila Giron
- The Wistar InstitutePhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Guorui Xie
- Department of Urology, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Gladstone InstitutesSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Ashley F George
- Department of Urology, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Gladstone InstitutesSan FranciscoUnited States
| | | | - Nadia R Roan
- Department of Urology, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Gladstone InstitutesSan FranciscoUnited States
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14
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New Targets for Antiviral Therapy: Inhibitory Receptors and Immune Checkpoints on Myeloid Cells. Viruses 2022; 14:v14061144. [PMID: 35746616 PMCID: PMC9230063 DOI: 10.3390/v14061144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune homeostasis is achieved by balancing the activating and inhibitory signal transduction pathways mediated via cell surface receptors. Activation allows the host to mount an immune response to endogenous and exogenous antigens; suppressive modulation via inhibitory signaling protects the host from excessive inflammatory damage. The checkpoint regulation of myeloid cells during immune homeostasis raised their profile as important cellular targets for treating allergy, cancer and infectious disease. This review focuses on the structure and signaling of inhibitory receptors on myeloid cells, with particular attention placed on how the interplay between viruses and these receptors regulates antiviral immunity. The status of targeting inhibitory receptors on myeloid cells as a new therapeutic approach for antiviral treatment will be analyzed.
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15
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Malik A, Brudvig JM, Gadsden BJ, Ethridge AD, Mansfield LS. Campylobacter jejuni induces autoimmune peripheral neuropathy via Sialoadhesin and Interleukin-4 axes. Gut Microbes 2022; 14:2064706. [PMID: 35442154 PMCID: PMC9037470 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2022.2064706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is a leading cause of gastroenteritis that has been causally linked with development of the autoimmune peripheral neuropathy Guillain Barré Syndrome (GBS). Previously, we showed that C. jejuni isolates from human enteritis patients induced Type1/17-cytokine dependent colitis in interleukin-10 (IL-10)-/- mice, while isolates from GBS patients colonized these mice without colitis but instead induced autoantibodies that cross-reacted with the sialylated oligosaccharide motifs on the LOS of GBS-associated C. jejuni and the peripheral nerve gangliosides. We show here that infection of IL-10-/- mice with the GBS but not the colitis isolate led to sciatic nerve inflammation and abnormal gait and hind limb movements, with character and timing consistent with this syndrome in humans. Autoantibody responses and associated nerve histologic changes were dependent on IL-4 production by CD4 T cells. We further show that Siglec-1 served as a central antigen presenting cell receptor mediating the uptake of the GBS isolates via interaction with the sialylated oligosaccharide motifs found specifically on the LOS of GBS-associated C. jejuni, and the ensuing T cell differentiation and autoantibody elicitation. Sialylated oligosaccharide motifs on the LOS of GBS-associated C. jejuni therefore acted as both the Siglec-1-ligand for phagocytosis, as well as the epitope for autoimmunity. Overall, we present a mouse model of an autoimmune disease induced directly by a bacterium that is dependent upon Siglec-1 and IL-4. We also demonstrate the negative regulatory role of IL-10 in C. jejuni induced autoimmunity and provide IL-4 and Siglec-1 blockade as potential therapeutic interventions against GBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Malik
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Jean M. Brudvig
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Comparative Medicine and Integrative Biology Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MIUSA
| | - Barbie J. Gadsden
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Comparative Medicine and Integrative Biology Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MIUSA
| | - Alexander D. Ethridge
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Linda S. Mansfield
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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16
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Perez-Zsolt D, Raïch-Regué D, Muñoz-Basagoiti J, Aguilar-Gurrieri C, Clotet B, Blanco J, Izquierdo-Useros N. HIV-1 trans-Infection Mediated by DCs: The Tip of the Iceberg of Cell-to-Cell Viral Transmission. Pathogens 2021; 11:39. [PMID: 35055987 PMCID: PMC8778849 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11010039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 cell-to-cell transmission is key for an effective viral replication that evades immunity. This highly infectious mechanism is orchestrated by different cellular targets that utilize a wide variety of processes to efficiently transfer HIV-1 particles. Dendritic cells (DCs) are the most potent antigen presenting cells that initiate antiviral immune responses, but are also the cells with highest capacity to transfer HIV-1. This mechanism, known as trans-infection, relies on the capacity of DCs to capture HIV-1 particles via lectin receptors such as the sialic acid-binding I-type lectin Siglec-1/CD169. The discovery of the molecular interaction of Siglec-1 with sialylated lipids exposed on HIV-1 membranes has enlightened how this receptor can bind to several enveloped viruses. The outcome of these interactions can either mount effective immune responses, boost the productive infection of DCs and favour innate sensing, or fuel viral transmission via trans-infection. Here we review these scenarios focusing on HIV-1 and other enveloped viruses such as Ebola virus or SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Perez-Zsolt
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Can Ruti Campus, 08916 Badalona, Spain; (D.P.-Z.); (D.R.-R.); (J.M.-B.); (C.A.-G.); (B.C.); (J.B.)
| | - Dàlia Raïch-Regué
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Can Ruti Campus, 08916 Badalona, Spain; (D.P.-Z.); (D.R.-R.); (J.M.-B.); (C.A.-G.); (B.C.); (J.B.)
| | - Jordana Muñoz-Basagoiti
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Can Ruti Campus, 08916 Badalona, Spain; (D.P.-Z.); (D.R.-R.); (J.M.-B.); (C.A.-G.); (B.C.); (J.B.)
| | - Carmen Aguilar-Gurrieri
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Can Ruti Campus, 08916 Badalona, Spain; (D.P.-Z.); (D.R.-R.); (J.M.-B.); (C.A.-G.); (B.C.); (J.B.)
| | - Bonaventura Clotet
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Can Ruti Campus, 08916 Badalona, Spain; (D.P.-Z.); (D.R.-R.); (J.M.-B.); (C.A.-G.); (B.C.); (J.B.)
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), 08500 Vic, Spain
| | - Julià Blanco
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Can Ruti Campus, 08916 Badalona, Spain; (D.P.-Z.); (D.R.-R.); (J.M.-B.); (C.A.-G.); (B.C.); (J.B.)
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), 08500 Vic, Spain
- Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Can Ruti Campus, 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - Nuria Izquierdo-Useros
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Can Ruti Campus, 08916 Badalona, Spain; (D.P.-Z.); (D.R.-R.); (J.M.-B.); (C.A.-G.); (B.C.); (J.B.)
- Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Can Ruti Campus, 08916 Badalona, Spain
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17
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Segura J, He B, Ireland J, Zou Z, Shen T, Roth G, Sun PD. The Role of L-Selectin in HIV Infection. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:725741. [PMID: 34659153 PMCID: PMC8511817 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.725741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV envelope glycoprotein is the most heavily glycosylated viral protein complex identified with over 20 glycans on its surface. This glycan canopy is thought to primarily shield the virus from host immune recognition as glycans are poor immunogens in general, however rare HIV neutralizing antibodies nevertheless potently recognize the glycan epitopes. While CD4 and chemokine receptors have been known as viral entry receptor and coreceptor, for many years the role of viral glycans in HIV entry was controversial. Recently, we showed that HIV envelope glycan binds to L-selectin in solution and on CD4 T lymphocytes. The viral glycan and L-selectin interaction functions to facilitate the viral adhesion and entry. Upon entry, infected CD4 T lymphocytes are stimulated to progressively shed L-selectin and suppressing this lectin receptor shedding greatly reduced HIV viral release and caused aggregation of diminutive virus-like particles within experimental infections and from infected primary T lymphocytes derived from both viremic and aviremic individuals. As shedding of L-selectin is mediated by ADAM metalloproteinases downstream of host-cell stimulation, these findings showed a novel mechanism for HIV viral release and offer a potential new class of anti-HIV compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Segura
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Biao He
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Joanna Ireland
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Zhongcheng Zou
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Thomas Shen
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Gwynne Roth
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Peter D Sun
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States
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18
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Su CM, Rowland RRR, Yoo D. Recent Advances in PRRS Virus Receptors and the Targeting of Receptor-Ligand for Control. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9040354. [PMID: 33916997 PMCID: PMC8067724 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9040354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular receptors play a critical role in viral infection. At least seven cellular molecules have been identified as putative viral entry mediators for porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). Accumulating data indicate that among these candidates, CD163, a cysteine-rich scavenger receptor on macrophages, is the major receptor for PRRSV. This review discusses the recent advances and understanding of the entry of PRRSV into cells, viral pathogenesis in CD163 gene-edited swine, and CD163 as a potential target of receptor–ligand for the control of PRRS.
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19
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High level stable expression of recombinant HIV gp120 in glutamine synthetase gene deficient HEK293T cells. Protein Expr Purif 2021; 181:105837. [PMID: 33529763 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2021.105837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Due to the important pathological roles of the HIV-1 gp120, the protein has been intensively used in the research of HIV. However, recombinant gp120 preparation has proven to be difficult because of extremely low expression levels. In order to facilitate gp120 expression, previous methods predominantly involved the replacement of native signal peptide with a heterologous one, resulting in very limited improvement. Currently, preparation of recombinant gp120 with native glycans relies solely on transient expression systems, which are not amendable for large scale production. In this work, we employed a different approach for gp120 expression. Besides replacing the native gp120 signal peptide with that of rat serum albumin and optimizing its codon usage, we generated a stable gp120-expressing cell line in a glutamine synthetase knockout HEK293T cell line that we established for the purpose of amplification of recombinant gene expressions. The combined usage of these techniques dramatically increased gp120 expression levels and yielded a functional product with human cell derived glycan. This method may be applicable to large scale preparation of other viral envelope proteins, such as that of the emerging SARS-CoV-2, or other glycoproteins which require the presence of authentic human glycans.
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20
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Petrina M, Martin J, Basta S. Granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor has come of age: From a vaccine adjuvant to antiviral immunotherapy. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2021; 59:101-110. [PMID: 33593661 PMCID: PMC8064670 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2021.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
GM-CSF acts as a pro-inflammatory cytokine and a key growth factor produced by several immune cells such as macrophages and activated T cells. In this review, we discuss recent studies that point to the crucial role of GM-CSF in the immune response against infections. Upon induction, GM-CSF activates four main signalling networks including the JAK/STAT, PI3K, MAPK, and NFκB pathways. Many of these transduction pathways such as JAK/STAT signal via proteins commonly activated with other antiviral signalling cascades, such as those induced by IFNs. GM-CSF also helps defend against respiratory infections by regulating alveolar macrophage differentiation and enhancing innate immunity in the lungs. Here, we also summarize the numerous clinical trials that have taken advantage of GM-CSF's mechanistic attributes in immunotherapy. Moreover, we discuss how GM-CSF is used as an adjuvant in vaccines and how its activity is interfered with to reduce inflammation such as in the case of COVID-19. This review brings forth the current knowledge on the antiviral actions of GM-CSF, the associated signalling cascades, and its application in immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Petrina
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | - Jacqueline Martin
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | - Sameh Basta
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada.
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21
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Kaddour H, Panzner TD, Welch JL, Shouman N, Mohan M, Stapleton JT, Okeoma CM. Electrostatic Surface Properties of Blood and Semen Extracellular Vesicles: Implications of Sialylation and HIV-Induced Changes on EV Internalization. Viruses 2020; 12:E1117. [PMID: 33019624 PMCID: PMC7601085 DOI: 10.3390/v12101117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Although extracellular vesicle (EV) surface electrostatic properties (measured as zeta potential, ζ-potential) have been reported by many investigators, the biophysical implications of charge and EV origin remains uncertain. Here, we compared the ζ-potential of human blood EVs (BEVs) and semen EVs (SEVs) from 26 donors that were HIV-infected (HIV+, n = 13) or HIV uninfected (HIV-, n = 13). We found that, compared to BEVs that bear neutral surface charge, SEVs were significantly more negatively charged, even when BEVs and SEVs were from the same individual. Comparison of BEVs and SEVs from HIV- and HIV+ groups revealed subtle HIV-induced alteration in the ζ-potential of EVs, with the effect being more significant in SEVs (∆ζ-potential = -8.82 mV, p-value = 0.0062) than BEVs (∆ζ-potential = -1.4 mV, p-value = 0.0462). These observations were validated by differences in the isoelectric point (IEP) of EVs, which was in the order of HIV + SEV ≤ HIV-SEV ≪ HIV + BEV ≤ HIV-BEV. Functionally, the rate and efficiency of SEV internalization by the human cervical epithelial cell line, primary peripheral blood lymphocytes, and primary blood-derived monocytes were significantly higher than those of BEVs. Mechanistically, removal of sialic acids from the surface of EVs using neuraminidase treatment significantly decreased SEV's surface charge, concomitant with a substantial reduction in SEV's internalization. The neuraminidase effect was independent of HIV infection and insignificant for BEVs. Finally, these results were corroborated by enrichment of glycoproteins in SEVs versus BEVs. Taken together, these findings uncover fundamental tissue-specific differences in surface electrostatic properties of EVs and highlight the critical role of surface charge in EV/target cell interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein Kaddour
- Department of Pharmacology, Stony Brook University Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA; (H.K.); (T.D.P.); (N.S.)
| | - Tyler D. Panzner
- Department of Pharmacology, Stony Brook University Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA; (H.K.); (T.D.P.); (N.S.)
| | - Jennifer L. Welch
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (J.L.W.); (J.T.S.)
- Medical Service, Iowa City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Nadia Shouman
- Department of Pharmacology, Stony Brook University Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA; (H.K.); (T.D.P.); (N.S.)
| | - Mahesh Mohan
- Host Pathogen Interaction Program, Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA;
| | - Jack T. Stapleton
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (J.L.W.); (J.T.S.)
- Medical Service, Iowa City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Chioma M. Okeoma
- Department of Pharmacology, Stony Brook University Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA; (H.K.); (T.D.P.); (N.S.)
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22
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Rawat P, Hon S, Teodorof-Diedrich C, Spector SA. Trehalose Inhibits Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection in Primary Human Macrophages and CD4 + T Lymphocytes through Two Distinct Mechanisms. J Virol 2020; 94:e00237-20. [PMID: 32554696 PMCID: PMC7431788 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00237-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a highly conserved recycling pathway that promotes cell survival during periods of stress. We previously reported that induction of autophagy through the inhibition of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (MTOR) inhibits HIV replication in human macrophages and CD4+ T lymphocytes (T cells). However, the inhibition of MTOR has modulatory effects beyond autophagy that might affect viral replication. Here, we examined the effect on HIV replication of trehalose, a nontoxic, nonreducing disaccharide that induces autophagy through an MTOR-independent mechanism. Treatment of HIV-infected macrophages and T cells with trehalose inhibited infection in a dose-dependent manner. Uninfected and HIV-infected macrophages and T cells treated with trehalose exhibited increased markers of autophagy, including LC3B lipidation with further accumulation following bafilomycin A1 treatment, and increased levels of LAMP1, LAMP2, and RAB7 proteins required for lysosomal biogenesis and fusion. Moreover, the inhibition of HIV by trehalose was significantly reduced by knockdown of ATG5 Additionally, trehalose downregulated the expression of C-C motif chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) in T cells and CD4 in both T cells and macrophages, which reduced HIV entry in these cells. Our data demonstrate that the naturally occurring sugar trehalose at doses safely achieved in humans inhibits HIV through two mechanisms: (i) decreased entry through the downregulation of CCR5 in T cells and decreased CD4 expression in both T cells and macrophages and (ii) degradation of intracellular HIV through the induction of MTOR-independent autophagy. These findings demonstrate that cellular mechanisms can be modulated to inhibit HIV entry and intracellular replication using a naturally occurring, nontoxic sugar.IMPORTANCE Induction of autophagy through inhibition of MTOR has been shown to inhibit HIV replication. However, inhibition of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (MTOR) has cellular effects that may alter HIV infection through other mechanisms. Here, we examined the HIV-inhibitory effects of the MTOR-independent inducer of autophagy, trehalose. Of note, we identified that in addition to the inhibition of the intracellular replication of HIV by autophagy, trehalose decreased viral entry in human primary macrophages and CD4+ T cells through the downregulation of C-C motif chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) in T cells and CD4 in both T cells and macrophages. Thus, we showed that trehalose uniquely inhibits HIV replication through inhibition of viral entry and intracellular degradation in the two most important target cells for HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratima Rawat
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Simson Hon
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Carmen Teodorof-Diedrich
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Stephen A Spector
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, California, USA
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23
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Lubow J, Collins KL. Vpr Is a VIP: HIV Vpr and Infected Macrophages Promote Viral Pathogenesis. Viruses 2020; 12:E809. [PMID: 32726944 PMCID: PMC7472745 DOI: 10.3390/v12080809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV infects several cell types in the body, including CD4+ T cells and macrophages. Here we review the role of macrophages in HIV infection and describe complex interactions between viral proteins and host defenses in these cells. Macrophages exist in many forms throughout the body, where they play numerous roles in healthy and diseased states. They express pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) that bind viral, bacterial, fungal, and parasitic pathogens, making them both a key player in innate immunity and a potential target of infection by pathogens, including HIV. Among these PRRs is mannose receptor, a macrophage-specific protein that binds oligosaccharides, restricts HIV replication, and is downregulated by the HIV accessory protein Vpr. Vpr significantly enhances infection in vivo, but the mechanism by which this occurs is controversial. It is well established that Vpr alters the expression of numerous host proteins by using its co-factor DCAF1, a component of the DCAF1-DDB1-CUL4 ubiquitin ligase complex. The host proteins targeted by Vpr and their role in viral replication are described in detail. We also discuss the structure and function of the viral protein Env, which is stabilized by Vpr in macrophages. Overall, this literature review provides an updated understanding of the contributions of macrophages and Vpr to HIV pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay Lubow
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;
| | - Kathleen L. Collins
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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24
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Cipollo JF, Parsons LM. Glycomics and glycoproteomics of viruses: Mass spectrometry applications and insights toward structure-function relationships. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2020; 39:371-409. [PMID: 32350911 PMCID: PMC7318305 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The advancement of viral glycomics has paralleled that of the mass spectrometry glycomics toolbox. In some regard the glycoproteins studied have provided the impetus for this advancement. Viral proteins are often highly glycosylated, especially those targeted by the host immune system. Glycosylation tends to be dynamic over time as viruses propagate in host populations leading to increased number of and/or "movement" of glycosylation sites in response to the immune system and other pressures. This relationship can lead to highly glycosylated, difficult to analyze glycoproteins that challenge the capabilities of modern mass spectrometry. In this review, we briefly discuss five general areas where glycosylation is important in the viral niche and how mass spectrometry has been used to reveal key information regarding structure-function relationships between viral glycoproteins and host cells. We describe the recent past and current glycomics toolbox used in these analyses and give examples of how the requirement to analyze these complex glycoproteins has provided the incentive for some advances seen in glycomics mass spectrometry. A general overview of viral glycomics, special cases, mass spectrometry methods and work-flows, informatics and complementary chemical techniques currently used are discussed. © 2020 The Authors. Mass Spectrometry Reviews published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Mass Spec Rev.
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Affiliation(s)
- John F. Cipollo
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug AdministrationSilver SpringMaryland
| | - Lisa M. Parsons
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug AdministrationSilver SpringMaryland
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25
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Wielgat P, Rogowski K, Niemirowicz-Laskowska K, Car H. Sialic Acid-Siglec Axis as Molecular Checkpoints Targeting of Immune System: Smart Players in Pathology and Conventional Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124361. [PMID: 32575400 PMCID: PMC7352527 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The sialic acid-based molecular mimicry in pathogens and malignant cells is a regulatory mechanism that leads to cross-reactivity with host antigens resulting in suppression and tolerance in the immune system. The interplay between sialoglycans and immunoregulatory Siglec receptors promotes foreign antigens hiding and immunosurveillance impairment. Therefore, molecular targeting of immune checkpoints, including sialic acid-Siglec axis, is a promising new field of inflammatory disorders and cancer therapy. However, the conventional drugs used in regular management can interfere with glycome machinery and exert a divergent effect on immune controlling systems. Here, we focus on the known effects of standard therapies on the sialoglycan-Siglec checkpoint and their importance in diagnosis, prediction, and clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Przemyslaw Wielgat
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 15A, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-85-7450-647
| | - Karol Rogowski
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Medical University of Bialystok, Szpitalna 37, 15-295 Bialystok, Poland; (K.R.); (K.N.-L.)
| | - Katarzyna Niemirowicz-Laskowska
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Medical University of Bialystok, Szpitalna 37, 15-295 Bialystok, Poland; (K.R.); (K.N.-L.)
| | - Halina Car
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 15A, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland;
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Medical University of Bialystok, Szpitalna 37, 15-295 Bialystok, Poland; (K.R.); (K.N.-L.)
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26
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Naqvi KF, Endsley JJ. Myeloid C-Type Lectin Receptors in Tuberculosis and HIV Immunity: Insights Into Co-infection? Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:263. [PMID: 32582566 PMCID: PMC7283559 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) are carbohydrate binding pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) which play a central role in host recognition of pathogenic microorganisms. Signaling through CLRs displayed on antigen presenting cells dictates important innate and adaptive immune responses. Several pathogens have evolved mechanisms to exploit the receptors or signaling pathways of the CLR system to gain entry or propagate in host cells. CLR responses to high priority pathogens such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), HIV, Ebola, and others are described and considered potential avenues for therapeutic intervention. Mtb and HIV are the leading causes of death due to infectious disease and have a synergistic relationship that further promotes aggressive disease in co-infected persons. Immune recognition through CLRs and other PRRs are important determinants of disease outcomes for both TB and HIV. Investigations of CLR responses to Mtb and HIV, to date, have primarily focused on single infection outcomes and do not account for the potential effects of co-infection. This review will focus on CLRs recognition of Mtb and HIV motifs. We will describe their respective roles in protective immunity and immune evasion or exploitation, as well as their potential as genetic determinants of disease susceptibility, and as avenues for development of therapeutic interventions. The potential convergence of CLR-driven responses of the innate and adaptive immune systems in the setting of Mtb and HIV co-infection will further be discussed relevant to disease pathogenesis and development of clinical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kubra F Naqvi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Janice J Endsley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
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27
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Zuurveld M, van Witzenburg NP, Garssen J, Folkerts G, Stahl B, van't Land B, Willemsen LEM. Immunomodulation by Human Milk Oligosaccharides: The Potential Role in Prevention of Allergic Diseases. Front Immunol 2020; 11:801. [PMID: 32457747 PMCID: PMC7221186 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence and incidence of allergic diseases is rising and these diseases have become the most common chronic diseases during childhood in Westernized countries. Early life forms a critical window predisposing for health or disease. Therefore, this can also be a window of opportunity for allergy prevention. Postnatally the gut needs to mature, and the microbiome is built which further drives the training of infant's immune system. Immunomodulatory components in breastmilk protect the infant in this crucial period by; providing nutrients that contain substrates for the microbiome, supporting intestinal barrier function, protecting against pathogenic infections, enhancing immune development and facilitating immune tolerance. The presence of a diverse human milk oligosaccharide (HMOS) mixture, containing several types of functional groups, points to engagement in several mechanisms related to immune and microbiome maturation in the infant's gastrointestinal tract. In recent years, several pathways impacted by HMOS have been elucidated, including their capacity to; fortify the microbiome composition, enhance production of short chain fatty acids, bind directly to pathogens and interact directly with the intestinal epithelium and immune cells. The exact mechanisms underlying the immune protective effects have not been fully elucidated yet. We hypothesize that HMOS may be involved in and can be utilized to provide protection from developing allergic diseases at a young age. In this review, we highlight several pathways involved in the immunomodulatory effects of HMOS and the potential role in prevention of allergic diseases. Recent studies have proposed possible mechanisms through which HMOS may contribute, either directly or indirectly, via microbiome modification, to induce oral tolerance. Future research should focus on the identification of specific pathways by which individual HMOS structures exert protective actions and thereby contribute to the capacity of the authentic HMOS mixture in early life allergy prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marit Zuurveld
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Nikita P. van Witzenburg
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Johan Garssen
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Global Centre of Excellence Immunology, Danone Nutricia Research B.V., Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Gert Folkerts
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Bernd Stahl
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Global Centre of Excellence Human Milk Research and Analytical Sciences, Danone Nutricia Research B.V., Utrecht, Netherlands
- Division of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Belinda van't Land
- Global Centre of Excellence Immunology, Danone Nutricia Research B.V., Utrecht, Netherlands
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Linette E. M. Willemsen
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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28
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The Roles of Siglec7 and Siglec9 on Natural Killer Cells in Virus Infection and Tumour Progression. J Immunol Res 2020; 2020:6243819. [PMID: 32322597 PMCID: PMC7165337 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6243819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The function of natural killer (NK) cells, defending against virus infection and tumour progression, is regulated by multiple activating and inhibiting receptors expressed on NK cells, among which sialic acid-bind immunoglobulin-like lectins (Siglecs) act as a vital inhibitory group. Previous studies have shown that Siglec7 and Siglec9 are expressed on NK cells, which negatively regulate the function of NK cells and modulate the immune response through the interaction of sialic acid-containing ligands. Siglec7 and Siglec9 are very similar in distribution, gene encoding, protein sequences, ligand affinity, and functions in regulating the immune system against virus and cancers, but differences still exist between them. In this review, we aim to discuss the similarities and differences between Siglec7 and Siglec9 and analyze their functions in virus infection and tumour progression in order to develop better anti-viral and anti-tumor immunotherapy in the future.
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29
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Dupont M, Souriant S, Balboa L, Vu Manh TP, Pingris K, Rousset S, Cougoule C, Rombouts Y, Poincloux R, Ben Neji M, Allers C, Kaushal D, Kuroda MJ, Benet S, Martinez-Picado J, Izquierdo-Useros N, Sasiain MDC, Maridonneau-Parini I, Neyrolles O, Vérollet C, Lugo-Villarino G. Tuberculosis-associated IFN-I induces Siglec-1 on tunneling nanotubes and favors HIV-1 spread in macrophages. eLife 2020; 9:52535. [PMID: 32223897 PMCID: PMC7173963 DOI: 10.7554/elife.52535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
While tuberculosis (TB) is a risk factor in HIV-1-infected individuals, the mechanisms by which Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) worsens HIV-1 pathogenesis remain scarce. We showed that HIV-1 infection is exacerbated in macrophages exposed to TB-associated microenvironments due to tunneling nanotube (TNT) formation. To identify molecular factors associated with TNT function, we performed a transcriptomic analysis in these macrophages, and revealed the up-regulation of Siglec-1 receptor. Siglec-1 expression depends on Mtb-induced production of type I interferon (IFN-I). In co-infected non-human primates, Siglec-1 is highly expressed by alveolar macrophages, whose abundance correlates with pathology and activation of IFN-I/STAT1 pathway. Siglec-1 localizes mainly on microtubule-containing TNT that are long and carry HIV-1 cargo. Siglec-1 depletion decreases TNT length, diminishes HIV-1 capture and cell-to-cell transfer, and abrogates the exacerbation of HIV-1 infection induced by Mtb. Altogether, we uncover a deleterious role for Siglec-1 in TB-HIV-1 co-infection and open new avenues to understand TNT biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maeva Dupont
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France.,International associated laboratory (LIA) CNRS 'IM-TB/HIV', Toulouse, France
| | - Shanti Souriant
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France.,International associated laboratory (LIA) CNRS 'IM-TB/HIV', Toulouse, France
| | - Luciana Balboa
- International associated laboratory (LIA) CNRS 'IM-TB/HIV', Toulouse, France.,Institute of Experimental Medicine-CONICET, National Academy of Medicine, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Karine Pingris
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Stella Rousset
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Céline Cougoule
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France.,International associated laboratory (LIA) CNRS 'IM-TB/HIV', Toulouse, France
| | - Yoann Rombouts
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Renaud Poincloux
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Myriam Ben Neji
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Carolina Allers
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, Covington, United States
| | - Deepak Kaushal
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, Covington, United States
| | - Marcelo J Kuroda
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, Covington, United States
| | - Susana Benet
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Department of Retrovirology, Badalona, Spain.,Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Martinez-Picado
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Department of Retrovirology, Badalona, Spain.,University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), Vic, Spain.,Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nuria Izquierdo-Useros
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Department of Retrovirology, Badalona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Maria Del Carmen Sasiain
- International associated laboratory (LIA) CNRS 'IM-TB/HIV', Toulouse, France.,Institute of Experimental Medicine-CONICET, National Academy of Medicine, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Isabelle Maridonneau-Parini
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France.,International associated laboratory (LIA) CNRS 'IM-TB/HIV', Toulouse, France
| | - Olivier Neyrolles
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France.,International associated laboratory (LIA) CNRS 'IM-TB/HIV', Toulouse, France
| | - Christel Vérollet
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France.,International associated laboratory (LIA) CNRS 'IM-TB/HIV', Toulouse, France
| | - Geanncarlo Lugo-Villarino
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France.,International associated laboratory (LIA) CNRS 'IM-TB/HIV', Toulouse, France
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Abstract
Siglecs are sialic acid (Sia) recognizing immunoglobulin-like receptors expressed on the surface of all the major leukocyte lineages in mammals. Siglecs recognize ubiquitous Sia epitopes on various glycoconjugates in the cell glycocalyx and transduce signals to regulate immunological and inflammatory activities of these cells. The subset known as CD33-related Siglecs is principally inhibitory receptors that suppress leukocyte activation, and recent research has shown that a number of bacterial pathogens use Sia mimicry to engage these Siglecs as an immune evasion strategy. Conversely, Siglec-1 is a macrophage phagocytic receptor that engages GBS and other sialylated bacteria to promote effective phagocytosis and antigen presentation for the adaptive immune response, whereas certain viruses and parasites use Siglec-1 to gain entry to immune cells as a proximal step in the infectious process. Siglecs are positioned in crosstalk with other host innate immune sensing pathways to modulate the immune response to infection in complex ways. This chapter summarizes the current understanding of Siglecs at the host-pathogen interface, a field of study expanding in breadth and medical importance, and which provides potential targets for immune-based anti-infective strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Chi Chang
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 1, Jen-Ai Rd., Taipei, 10051, Taiwan.
| | - Victor Nizet
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, and Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, UC San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive Mail Code 0760, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
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31
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Liu Y, Li R, Zhang Y, Qiao S, Chen XX, Zhang G. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus up-regulates sialoadhesin via IFN-STAT signaling to facilitate its infection. Microb Pathog 2020; 142:104112. [PMID: 32126255 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) has caused huge economic losses to global swine industry. Porcine sialoadhesin (poSn) was previously reported to be a putative receptor for the causative agent, PRRS virus (PRRSV). In the current study, we first observed that PRRSV infection up-regulated expression of poSn in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Subsequently, we found that PRRSV-triggered transcription of type I interferons (IFNs) was involved in poSn up-regulation through the IFN-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling cascade. Interestingly, poSn up-regulation was shown to promote PRRSV infection during post-entry process. Taken together, this work deepens our understanding of PRRSV pathogenesis and provides a novel idea on its establishment of persistent infection, which will be interesting to unravel the detailed mechanisms in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingqi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China.
| | - Rui Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China.
| | - Yuyang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China.
| | - Songlin Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China.
| | - Xin-Xin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China.
| | - Gaiping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China; College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China.
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32
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Perez-Zsolt D, Martinez-Picado J, Izquierdo-Useros N. When Dendritic Cells Go Viral: The Role of Siglec-1 in Host Defense and Dissemination of Enveloped Viruses. Viruses 2019; 12:v12010008. [PMID: 31861617 PMCID: PMC7019426 DOI: 10.3390/v12010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are among the first cells that recognize incoming viruses at the mucosal portals of entry. Initial interaction between DCs and viruses facilitates cell activation and migration to secondary lymphoid tissues, where these antigen presenting cells (APCs) prime specific adaptive immune responses. Some viruses, however, have evolved strategies to subvert the migratory capacity of DCs as a way to disseminate infection systemically. Here we focus on the role of Siglec-1, a sialic acid-binding type I lectin receptor potently upregulated by type I interferons on DCs, that acts as a double edge sword, containing viral replication through the induction of antiviral immunity, but also favoring viral spread within tissues. Such is the case for distant enveloped viruses like human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 or Ebola virus (EBOV), which incorporate sialic acid-containing gangliosides on their viral membrane and are effectively recognized by Siglec-1. Here we review how Siglec-1 is highly induced on the surface of human DCs upon viral infection, the way this impacts different antigen presentation pathways, and how enveloped viruses have evolved to exploit these APC functions as a potent dissemination strategy in different anatomical compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Perez-Zsolt
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Ctra. de Canyet s/n, 08916 Badalona, Spain;
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- Institut d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - Javier Martinez-Picado
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Ctra. de Canyet s/n, 08916 Badalona, Spain;
- Institut d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916 Badalona, Spain
- Chair in Infectious Diseases and Immunity, Faculty of Medicine, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), 08500 Vic, Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), 08010 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (J.M.-P.); (N.I.-U.)
| | - Nuria Izquierdo-Useros
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Ctra. de Canyet s/n, 08916 Badalona, Spain;
- Institut d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916 Badalona, Spain
- Correspondence: (J.M.-P.); (N.I.-U.)
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33
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Bourgoin P, Soliveres T, Ahriz D, Arnoux I, Meisel C, Unterwalder N, Morange PE, Michelet P, Malergue F, Markarian T. Clinical research assessment by flow cytometry of biomarkers for infectious stratification in an Emergency Department. Biomark Med 2019; 13:1373-1386. [PMID: 31617736 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2019-0214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Management of patients with infections within the Emergency Department (ED) is challenging for practitioners, as the identification of infectious causes remains difficult with current techniques. A new combination of two biomarkers was tested with a new rapid flow cytometry technique. Materials & methods: Subjects from the ED were tested for their CD64 on neutrophils (nCD64) and CD169 on monocytes (mCD169) levels and results were compared to their clinical records. Results: Among 139 patients, 29% had confirmed bacterial infections and 5% viral infections. nCD64 and mCD169 respectively showed 88 and 86% sensitivity and 90 and 100% specificity for identifying subjects in bacterial or viral conditions. Conclusion: This point-of-care technique could allow better management of patients in the ED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pénélope Bourgoin
- Department of Research & Development, Beckman Coulter Life Sciences-Immunotech, 130 Avenue de Lattre de Tassigny, 13009 Marseille, France.,C2VN Department, INSERM-INRA, Aix-Marseille University, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille, France
| | - Thomas Soliveres
- Adult Emergency Department, La Timone Hospital, 264 Rue Saint Pierre, 13385 Marseille, France
| | - Dalia Ahriz
- Adult Emergency Department, La Timone Hospital, 264 Rue Saint Pierre, 13385 Marseille, France
| | - Isabelle Arnoux
- Hematology Laboratory Department, La Timone Hospital, 264 Rue Saint Pierre, 13385 Marseille, France
| | - Christian Meisel
- Department of Medical Immunology, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany.,Department of Immunology, Labor Berlin - Charité Vivantes GmbH, Sylter Strasse 2, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nadine Unterwalder
- Department of Immunology, Labor Berlin - Charité Vivantes GmbH, Sylter Strasse 2, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Pierre-Emmanuel Morange
- C2VN Department, INSERM-INRA, Aix-Marseille University, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille, France.,Hematology Laboratory Department, La Timone Hospital, 264 Rue Saint Pierre, 13385 Marseille, France
| | - Pierre Michelet
- Adult Emergency Department, La Timone Hospital, 264 Rue Saint Pierre, 13385 Marseille, France
| | - Fabrice Malergue
- Department of Research & Development, Beckman Coulter Life Sciences-Immunotech, 130 Avenue de Lattre de Tassigny, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Thibaut Markarian
- Adult Emergency Department, La Timone Hospital, 264 Rue Saint Pierre, 13385 Marseille, France
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34
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Suematsu R, Miyamoto T, Saijo S, Yamasaki S, Tada Y, Yoshida H, Miyake Y. Identification of lipophilic ligands of Siglec5 and -14 that modulate innate immune responses. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:16776-16788. [PMID: 31551352 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.009835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins (Siglecs) are a family of cell-surface immune receptors that bind to sialic acid at terminal glycan residues. Siglecs also recognize nonsialic acid ligands, many of which remain to be characterized. Here, we found that Siglec5 and Siglec14 recognize lipid compounds produced by Trichophyton, a fungal genus containing several pathogenic species. Biochemical approaches revealed that the Siglec ligands are fungal alkanes and triacylglycerols, an unexpected finding that prompted us to search for endogenous lipid ligands of Siglecs. Siglec5 weakly recognized several endogenous lipids, but the mitochondrial lipid cardiolipin and the anti-inflammatory lipid 5-palmitic acid-hydroxystearic acid exhibited potent ligand activity on Siglec5. Further, the hydrophobic stretch in the Siglec5 N terminus region was found to be required for efficient recognition of these lipids. Notably, this hydrophobic stretch was dispensable for recognition of sialic acid. Siglec5 inhibited cell activation upon ligand binding, and accordingly, the lipophilic ligands suppressed interleukin-8 (IL-8) production in Siglec5-expressing human monocytic cells. Siglec14 and Siglec5 have high sequence identity in the extracellular region, and Siglec14 also recognized the endogenous lipids. However, unlike Siglec5, Siglec14 transduces activating signals upon ligand recognition. Indeed, the endogenous lipids induced IL-8 production in Siglec14-expressing human monocytic cells. These results indicated that Siglec5 and Siglec14 can recognize lipophilic ligands that thereby modulate innate immune responses. To our knowledge, this is the first study reporting the binding of Siglecs to lipid ligands, expanding our understanding of the biological function and importance of Siglecs in the innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rie Suematsu
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Immunoscience, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga 849-8501, Japan.,Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga 849-8501, Japan
| | - Tomofumi Miyamoto
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Shinobu Saijo
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8673, Japan
| | - Sho Yamasaki
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8673, Japan.,Department of Molecular Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan.,Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Tada
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga 849-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroki Yoshida
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Immunoscience, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga 849-8501, Japan
| | - Yasunobu Miyake
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Immunoscience, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga 849-8501, Japan
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35
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Seabright GE, Doores KJ, Burton DR, Crispin M. Protein and Glycan Mimicry in HIV Vaccine Design. J Mol Biol 2019; 431:2223-2247. [PMID: 31028779 PMCID: PMC6556556 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2019.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Antigenic mimicry is a fundamental tenet of structure-based vaccinology. Vaccine strategies for the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) focus on the mimicry of its envelope spike (Env) due to its exposed location on the viral membrane and role in mediating infection. However, the virus has evolved to minimize the immunogenicity of conserved epitopes on the envelope spike. This principle is starkly illustrated by the presence of an extensive array of host-derived glycans, which act to shield the underlying protein from antibody recognition. Despite these hurdles, a subset of HIV-infected individuals eventually develop broadly neutralizing antibodies that recognize these virally presented glycans. Effective HIV-1 immunogens are therefore likely to involve some degree of mimicry of both the protein and glycan components of Env. As such, considerable efforts have been made to characterize the structure of the envelope spike and its glycan shield. This review summarizes the recent progress made in this field, with an emphasis on our growing understanding of the factors shaping the glycan shield of Env derived from both virus and soluble immunogens. We argue that recombinant mimics of the envelope spike are currently capable of capturing many features of the native viral glycan shield. Finally, we explore strategies through which the immunogenicity of Env glycans may be enhanced in the development of future immunogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma E Seabright
- Oxford Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK; School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Katie J Doores
- Department of Infectious Diseases, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Dennis R Burton
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, the Scripps Centre for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery (CHAVI-ID), International AIDS Vaccine Initiative Neutralizing Antibody Centre, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Max Crispin
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, the Scripps Centre for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery (CHAVI-ID), International AIDS Vaccine Initiative Neutralizing Antibody Centre, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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36
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Colomb F, Giron LB, Trbojevic-Akmacic I, Lauc G, Abdel-Mohsen M. Breaking the Glyco-Code of HIV Persistence and Immunopathogenesis. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep 2019; 16:151-168. [PMID: 30707400 PMCID: PMC6441623 DOI: 10.1007/s11904-019-00433-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Glycoimmunology is an emerging field focused on understanding how immune responses are mediated by glycans (carbohydrates) and their interaction with glycan-binding proteins called lectins. How glycans influence immunological functions is increasingly well understood. In a parallel way, in the HIV field, it is increasingly understood how the host immune system controls HIV persistence and immunopathogenesis. However, what has mostly been overlooked, despite its potential for therapeutic applications, is the role that the host glycosylation machinery plays in modulating the persistence and immunopathogenesis of HIV. Here, we will survey four areas in which the links between glycan-lectin interactions and immunology and between immunology and HIV are well described. For each area, we will describe these links and then delineate the opportunities for the HIV field in investigating potential interactions between glycoimmunology and HIV persistence/immunopathogenesis. RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies show that the human glycome (the repertoire of human glycan structures) plays critical roles in driving or modulating several cellular processes and immunological functions that are central to maintaining HIV infection. Understanding the links between glycoimmunology and HIV infection may create a new paradigm for discovering novel glycan-based therapies that can lead to eradication, functional cure, or improved tolerance of lifelong infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florent Colomb
- The Wistar Institute, 3601 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Leila B Giron
- The Wistar Institute, 3601 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Gordan Lauc
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Borongajska cesta 83h, Zagreb, Croatia
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, A. Kovacica 1, Zagreb, Croatia
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37
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Heß R, Storcksdieck Genannt Bonsmann M, Lapuente D, Maaske A, Kirschning C, Ruland J, Lepenies B, Hannaman D, Tenbusch M, Überla K. Glycosylation of HIV Env Impacts IgG Subtype Responses to Vaccination. Viruses 2019; 11:v11020153. [PMID: 30781796 PMCID: PMC6410111 DOI: 10.3390/v11020153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The envelope protein (Env) is the only surface protein of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and as such the exclusive target for protective antibody responses. Experimental evidences from mouse models suggest a modulating property of Env to steer antibody class switching towards the less effective antibody subclass IgG1 accompanied with strong TH2 helper responses. By simple physical linkage we were able to imprint this bias, exemplified by a low IgG2a/IgG1 ratio of antigen-specific antibodies, onto an unrelated antigen, namely the HIV capsid protein p24. Here, our results indicate the glycan moiety of Env as the responsible immune modulating activity. Firstly, in Card9−/− mice lacking specific C-Type lectin responsiveness, DNA immunization significantly increased the IgG2a/IgG1 ratio for the Env-specific antibodies while the antibody response against the F-protein of the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) serving as control antigen remained unchanged. Secondly, sequential shortening of the Env encoding sequence revealed the C2V3 domain as responsible for the strong IgG1 responses and TH2 cytokine production. Removing all potential N-glycosylation sites from the C2V3 domain by site-specific mutagenesis reversed the vaccine-induced immune response towards a Th1-dominated T-cell response and a balanced IgG2a/IgG1 ratio. Accordingly, the stretch of oligomannose glycans in the C2V3 domain of Env might mediate a specific uptake and/or signaling modus in antigen presenting cells by involving interaction with an as yet unknown C-type lectin receptor. Our results contribute to a deeper understanding of the impact of Env glycosylation on HIV antigen-specific immune responses, which will further support HIV vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Heß
- Department of Molecular and Medical Virology, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany.
| | | | - Dennis Lapuente
- Department of Molecular and Medical Virology, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany.
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany; Medical Immunology Campus Erlangen, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Andre Maaske
- Department of Molecular and Medical Virology, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany.
| | - Carsten Kirschning
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany.
| | - Jürgen Ruland
- Institut für Klinische Chemie und Pathobiochemie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, 81675 München, Germany.
| | - Bernd Lepenies
- Immunology Unit & Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine (TiHo) Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Drew Hannaman
- Ichor Medical Systems, Inc., San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
| | - Matthias Tenbusch
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany; Medical Immunology Campus Erlangen, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Klaus Überla
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany; Medical Immunology Campus Erlangen, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
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38
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van Dinther D, Lopez Venegas M, Veninga H, Olesek K, Hoogterp L, Revet M, Ambrosini M, Kalay H, Stöckl J, van Kooyk Y, den Haan JMM. Activation of CD8⁺ T Cell Responses after Melanoma Antigen Targeting to CD169⁺ Antigen Presenting Cells in Mice and Humans. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11020183. [PMID: 30764534 PMCID: PMC6406251 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11020183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The lack of tumor-reactive T cells is one reason why immune checkpoint inhibitor therapies still fail in a significant proportion of melanoma patients. A vaccination that induces melanoma-specific T cells could potentially enhance the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors. Here, we describe a vaccination strategy in which melanoma antigens are targeted to mouse and human CD169 and thereby induce strong melanoma antigen-specific T cell responses. CD169 is a sialic acid receptor expressed on a subset of mouse splenic macrophages that captures antigen from the blood and transfers it to dendritic cells (DCs). In human and mouse spleen, we detected CD169+ cells at an equivalent location using immunofluorescence microscopy. Immunization with melanoma antigens conjugated to antibodies (Abs) specific for mouse CD169 efficiently induced gp100 and Trp2-specific T cell responses in mice. In HLA-A2.1 transgenic mice targeting of the human MART-1 peptide to CD169 induced strong MART-1-specific HLA-A2.1-restricted T cell responses. Human gp100 peptide conjugated to Abs specific for human CD169 bound to CD169-expressing monocyte-derived DCs (MoDCs) and resulted in activation of gp100-specific T cells. Together, these data indicate that Ab-mediated antigen targeting to CD169 is a potential strategy for the induction of melanoma-specific T cell responses in mice and in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dieke van Dinther
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Miguel Lopez Venegas
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- DC4U B.V., De Corridor 21E, 3621 ZA Breukelen, The Netherlands.
| | - Henrike Veninga
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Katarzyna Olesek
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Leoni Hoogterp
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Mirjam Revet
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Martino Ambrosini
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- DC4U B.V., De Corridor 21E, 3621 ZA Breukelen, The Netherlands.
| | - Hakan Kalay
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Johannes Stöckl
- Institute of Immunology, Center of Pathophysiology, Immunology and Infectiology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Yvette van Kooyk
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- DC4U B.V., De Corridor 21E, 3621 ZA Breukelen, The Netherlands.
| | - Joke M M den Haan
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Angata T. Possible Influences of Endogenous and Exogenous Ligands on the Evolution of Human Siglecs. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2885. [PMID: 30564250 PMCID: PMC6288428 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Sialic acids, a group of acidic sugars abundantly expressed in the tissues of deuterostome animals but rarely found in microbes, serve as a "signature of self" for these animals. Cognate sensors for sialic acids include Siglecs, a family of transmembrane lectins of vertebrate immune systems that recognize glycans containing sialic acids. A type of sialic acid called N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) is abundant in many mammalian lineages including great apes, the closest extant relatives of modern human, but was lost in the lineage leading to modern human via the pseudogenization of the CMAH gene encoding the enzyme that converts N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) to Neu5Gc. Loss of Neu5Gc appears to have influenced the evolution of human Siglecs, such as the adjustment of sialic acid binding preferences and the inactivation of at least one Siglec. In addition, various mechanistic studies using model systems and genetic association studies have revealed that some human Siglecs interact with pathogens and influence the outcome of infections, and these pathogens in turn likely influence the evolution of these Siglecs. By understanding the evolutionary forces affecting Siglecs, we shall achieve a better appreciation of Siglec functions, and by understanding Siglec functions, we can obtain deeper insight into the evolutionary processes driving Siglec evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Angata
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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40
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Bagdonaite I, Wandall HH. Global aspects of viral glycosylation. Glycobiology 2018; 28:443-467. [PMID: 29579213 PMCID: PMC7108637 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwy021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Enveloped viruses encompass some of the most common human pathogens causing infections of different severity, ranging from no or very few symptoms to lethal disease as seen with the viral hemorrhagic fevers. All enveloped viruses possess an envelope membrane derived from the host cell, modified with often heavily glycosylated virally encoded glycoproteins important for infectivity, viral particle formation and immune evasion. While N-linked glycosylation of viral envelope proteins is well characterized with respect to location, structure and site occupancy, information on mucin-type O-glycosylation of these proteins is less comprehensive. Studies on viral glycosylation are often limited to analysis of recombinant proteins that in most cases are produced in cell lines with a glycosylation capacity different from the capacity of the host cells. The glycosylation pattern of the produced recombinant glycoproteins might therefore be different from the pattern on native viral proteins. In this review, we provide a historical perspective on analysis of viral glycosylation, and summarize known roles of glycans in the biology of enveloped human viruses. In addition, we describe how to overcome the analytical limitations by using a global approach based on mass spectrometry to identify viral O-glycosylation in virus-infected cell lysates using the complex enveloped virus herpes simplex virus type 1 as a model. We underscore that glycans often pay important contributions to overall protein structure, function and immune recognition, and that glycans represent a crucial determinant for vaccine design. High throughput analysis of glycosylation on relevant glycoprotein formulations, as well as data compilation and sharing is therefore important to identify consensus glycosylation patterns for translational applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ieva Bagdonaite
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Hans H Wandall
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, Copenhagen N, Denmark
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Grabowska J, Lopez-Venegas MA, Affandi AJ, den Haan JMM. CD169 + Macrophages Capture and Dendritic Cells Instruct: The Interplay of the Gatekeeper and the General of the Immune System. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2472. [PMID: 30416504 PMCID: PMC6212557 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the seminal discovery of dendritic cells (DCs) by Steinman and Cohn in 1973, there has been an ongoing debate to what extent macrophages and DCs are related and perform different functions. The current view is that macrophages and DCs originate from different lineages and that only DCs have the capacity to initiate adaptive immunity. Nevertheless, as we will discuss in this review, lymphoid tissue resident CD169+ macrophages have been shown to act in concert with DCs to promote or suppress adaptive immune responses for pathogens and self-antigens, respectively. Accordingly, we propose a functional alliance between CD169+ macrophages and DCs in which a division of tasks is established. CD169+ macrophages are responsible for the capture of pathogens and are frequently the first cell type infected and thereby provide a confined source of antigen. Subsequently, cross-presenting DCs interact with these antigen-containing CD169+ macrophages, pick up antigens and activate T cells. The cross-priming of T cells by DCs is enhanced by the localized production of type I interferons (IFN-I) derived from CD169+ macrophages and plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) that induces DC maturation. The interaction between CD169+ macrophages and DCs appears not only to be essential for immune responses against pathogens, but also plays a role in the induction of self-tolerance and immune responses against cancer. In this review we will discuss the studies that demonstrate the collaboration between CD169+ macrophages and DCs in adaptive immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Grabowska
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Miguel A Lopez-Venegas
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Alsya J Affandi
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Joke M M den Haan
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Xu F, Bandara A, Akiyama H, Eshaghi B, Stelter D, Keyes T, Straub JE, Gummuluru S, Reinhard BM. Membrane-wrapped nanoparticles probe divergent roles of GM3 and phosphatidylserine in lipid-mediated viral entry pathways. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E9041-E9050. [PMID: 30190430 PMCID: PMC6166840 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1804292115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (NPs) wrapped in a membrane can be utilized as artificial virus nanoparticles (AVNs) that combine the large nonblinking or bleaching optical cross-section of the NP core with the biological surface properties and functionalities provided by a self-assembled lipid membrane. We used these hybrid nanomaterials to test the roles of monosialodihexosylganglioside (GM3) and phosphatidylserine (PS) for a lipid-mediated targeting of virus-containing compartments (VCCs) in macrophages. GM3-presenting AVNs bind to CD169 (Siglec-1)-expressing macrophages, but inclusion of PS in the GM3-containing AVN membrane decreases binding. Molecular dynamics simulations of the AVN membrane and experimental binding studies of CD169 to GM3-presenting AVNs reveal Na+-mediated interactions between GM3 and PS as a potential cause of the antagonistic action on binding by the two negatively charged lipids. GM3-functionalized AVNs with no or low PS content localize to tetherin+, CD9+ VCC in a membrane composition-depending fashion, but increasing amounts of PS in the AVN membrane redirect the NP to lysosomal compartments. Interestingly, this compartmentalization is highly GM3 specific. Even AVNs presenting the related monosialotetrahexosylganglioside (GM1) fail to achieve an accumulation in VCC. AVN localization to VCC was observed for AVN with gold NP core but not for liposomes, suggesting that NP sequestration into VCC has additional requirements beyond ligand (GM3)-receptor (CD169) recognition that are related to the physical properties of the NP core. Our results confirm AVN as a scalable platform for elucidating the mechanisms of lipid-mediated viral entry pathways and for selective intracellular targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangda Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215
- The Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Asanga Bandara
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Hisashi Akiyama
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Behnaz Eshaghi
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215
- The Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215
| | - David Stelter
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Tom Keyes
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215
| | - John E Straub
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Suryaram Gummuluru
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Björn M Reinhard
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215;
- The Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215
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Kononchik J, Ireland J, Zou Z, Segura J, Holzapfel G, Chastain A, Wang R, Spencer M, He B, Stutzman N, Kano D, Arthos J, Fischer E, Chun TW, Moir S, Sun P. HIV-1 targets L-selectin for adhesion and induces its shedding for viral release. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2825. [PMID: 30026537 PMCID: PMC6053365 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05197-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
CD4 and chemokine receptors mediate HIV-1 attachment and entry. They are, however, insufficient to explain the preferential viral infection of central memory T cells. Here, we identify L-selectin (CD62L) as a viral adhesion receptor on CD4+ T cells. The binding of viral envelope glycans to L-selectin facilitates HIV entry and infection, and L-selectin expression on central memory CD4+ T cells supports their preferential infection by HIV. Upon infection, the virus downregulates L-selectin expression through shedding, resulting in an apparent loss of central memory CD4+ T cells. Infected effector memory CD4+ T cells, however, remain competent in cytokine production. Surprisingly, inhibition of L-selectin shedding markedly reduces HIV-1 infection and suppresses viral release, suggesting that L-selectin shedding is required for HIV-1 release. These findings highlight a critical role for cell surface sheddase in HIV-1 pathogenesis and reveal new antiretroviral strategies based on small molecular inhibitors targeted at metalloproteinases for viral release. HIV binding is mediated via CD4 and chemokine co-receptors, but this does not explain the preferential infection of central memory CD4+ T cells. Here the authors show HIV targets L-selectin, induces shedding from the infected cell, and inhibition of L-selectin reduces HIV infection and release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Kononchik
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 12441 Parklawn Drive, Rockville, MD, 20852, USA
| | - Joanna Ireland
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 12441 Parklawn Drive, Rockville, MD, 20852, USA
| | - Zhongcheng Zou
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 12441 Parklawn Drive, Rockville, MD, 20852, USA
| | - Jason Segura
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 12441 Parklawn Drive, Rockville, MD, 20852, USA
| | - Genevieve Holzapfel
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 12441 Parklawn Drive, Rockville, MD, 20852, USA
| | - Ashley Chastain
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 12441 Parklawn Drive, Rockville, MD, 20852, USA
| | - Ruipeng Wang
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 12441 Parklawn Drive, Rockville, MD, 20852, USA
| | - Matthew Spencer
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 12441 Parklawn Drive, Rockville, MD, 20852, USA
| | - Biao He
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 12441 Parklawn Drive, Rockville, MD, 20852, USA
| | - Nicole Stutzman
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 12441 Parklawn Drive, Rockville, MD, 20852, USA
| | - Daiji Kano
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 12441 Parklawn Drive, Rockville, MD, 20852, USA
| | - James Arthos
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Elizabeth Fischer
- Research Technology Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 903 South 4th Street, Hamilton, MT, 59840, USA
| | - Tae-Wook Chun
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Susan Moir
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Peter Sun
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 12441 Parklawn Drive, Rockville, MD, 20852, USA.
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Cortázar TM, Wilson IBH, Hykollari A, Reyes EA, Vega NA. Differential recognition of natural and remodeled glycotopes by three Diocleae lectins. Glycoconj J 2018; 35:205-216. [PMID: 29374812 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-018-9812-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The carbohydrate specificities of Dioclea grandiflora lectins DGL-I1 and DGL-II, and Galactia lindenii lectin II (GLL-II) were explored by use of remodeled glycoproteins as well as by the lectin hemagglutinating activity against erythrocytes from various species with different glycomic profiles. The three lectins exhibited differences in glycan binding specificity but also showed overlapping recognition of some glycotopes (i.e. Tα glycotope for the three lectins; IIβ glycotope for DGL-II and GLL-II lectins); in many cases the interaction with distinct glycotopes was influenced by the structural context, i.e., by the neighbouring sugar residues. Our data complement and expand the existing knowledge about the binding specificity of these three Diocleae lectins, and taken together with results of previous studies, allow us to suggest a functional map of the carbohydrate recognition which illustrate the impact of modification of basic glycotopes enhancing, permiting, or inhibiting their recognition by each lectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania M Cortázar
- Protein Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Universidad Nacional, Calle 45 # 30-03, Building 451. Lab. 201-1, Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - Iain B H Wilson
- Molecular Glycobiology Research Group, Department für Chemie, Universität für Bodenkultur (BOKU), Muthgasse 18, A-1190, Wien, Austria
| | - Alba Hykollari
- Molecular Glycobiology Research Group, Department für Chemie, Universität für Bodenkultur (BOKU), Muthgasse 18, A-1190, Wien, Austria
| | - Edgar A Reyes
- Protein Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Universidad Nacional, Calle 45 # 30-03, Building 451. Lab. 201-1, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Nohora A Vega
- Protein Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Universidad Nacional, Calle 45 # 30-03, Building 451. Lab. 201-1, Bogotá, Colombia
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Jobe O, Kim J, Tycksen E, Onkar S, Michael NL, Alving CR, Rao M. Human Primary Macrophages Derived In Vitro from Circulating Monocytes Comprise Adherent and Non-Adherent Subsets with Differential Expression of Siglec-1 and CD4 and Permissiveness to HIV-1 Infection. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1352. [PMID: 29123518 PMCID: PMC5662875 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are a major target for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection. However, macrophages are largely heterogeneous and may exhibit differences in permissiveness to HIV-1 infection. This study highlights the interplay of macrophage heterogeneity in HIV-1 pathogenesis. We show that monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) could be divided into two distinct subsets: CD14+Siglec-1hiCD4+ (non-adherent MDM) and CD14+Siglec-1LoCD4− (adherent MDM). The CD14+Siglec-1hiCD4+MDM subset represented the smaller proportion in the macrophage pool, and varied among different donors. Fractionation and subsequent exposure of the two MDM subsets to HIV-1 revealed opposite outcomes in terms of HIV-1 capture and infection. Although the CD14+Siglec-1hiCD4+MDM captured significantly more HIV-1, infection was significantly higher in the CD14+Siglec-1LoCD4−MDM subset. Thus, CD14+Siglec-1hiCD4+MDM were less permissive to infection. Depletion of CD14+Siglec-1hiCD4+MDM or a decrease in their percentage, resulted in increased infection of MDM, suggestive of a capacity of these cells to capture and sequester HIV-1 in an environment that hinders its infectivity. Increased expression of innate restriction factors and cytokine genes were observed in the non-adherent CD14+Siglec-1hiCD4+MDM, both before and after HIV-1 infection, compared to the adherent CD14+Siglec-1LoCD4−MDM. We speculate that the differential expression of gene expression profiles in the two macrophage subsets may provide an explanation for the differences observed in HIV-1 infectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ousman Jobe
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, United States.,Laboratory of Adjuvant and Antigen Research, U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Jiae Kim
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, United States.,Laboratory of Adjuvant and Antigen Research, U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Eric Tycksen
- Genome Technology Access Center, Department of Genetics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Sayali Onkar
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, United States.,Laboratory of Adjuvant and Antigen Research, U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Nelson L Michael
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Pathogenesis, Host Genetics Section, U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Carl R Alving
- Laboratory of Adjuvant and Antigen Research, U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Mangala Rao
- Laboratory of Adjuvant and Antigen Research, U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
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Interferon-Inducible CD169/Siglec1 Attenuates Anti-HIV-1 Effects of Alpha Interferon. J Virol 2017; 91:JVI.00972-17. [PMID: 28794041 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00972-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A hallmark of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection in vivo is chronic immune activation concomitant with type I interferon (IFN) production. Although type I IFN induces an antiviral state in many cell types, HIV-1 can replicate in vivo via mechanisms that have remained unclear. We have recently identified a type I IFN-inducible protein, CD169, as the HIV-1 attachment factor on dendritic cells (DCs) that can mediate robust infection of CD4+ T cells in trans Since CD169 expression on macrophages is also induced by type I IFN, we hypothesized that type I IFN-inducible CD169 could facilitate productive HIV-1 infection in myeloid cells in cis and CD4+ T cells in trans and thus offset antiviral effects of type I IFN. In support of this hypothesis, infection of HIV-1 or murine leukemia virus Env (MLV-Env)-pseudotyped HIV-1 particles was enhanced in IFN-α-treated THP-1 monocytoid cells, and this enhancement was primarily dependent on CD169-mediated enhancement at the virus entry step, a phenomenon phenocopied in HIV-1 infections of IFN-α-treated primary monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs). Furthermore, expression of CD169, a marker of type I IFN-induced immune activation in vivo, was enhanced in lymph nodes from pigtailed macaques infected with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) carrying HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT-SHIV), compared to uninfected macaques, and interestingly, there was extensive colocalization of p27gag and CD169, suggesting productive infection of CD169+ myeloid cells in vivo While cell-free HIV-1 infection of IFN-α-treated CD4+ T cells was robustly decreased, initiation of infection in trans via coculture with CD169+ IFN-α-treated DCs restored infection, suggesting that HIV-1 exploits CD169 in cis and in trans to attenuate a type I IFN-induced antiviral state.IMPORTANCE HIV-1 infection in humans causes immune activation characterized by elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines, including type I interferons (IFN). Although type I IFN induces an antiviral state in many cell types in vitro, HIV-1 can replicate in vivo via mechanisms that have remained unclear. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that CD169, a type I IFN-inducible HIV-1 attachment factor, offsets antiviral effects of type I IFN. Infection of HIV-1 was rescued in IFN-α-treated myeloid cells via upregulation of CD169 and a subsequent increase in CD169-dependent virus entry. Furthermore, extensive colocalization of viral Gag and CD169 was observed in lymph nodes of infected pigtailed macaques, suggesting productive infection of CD169+ cells in vivo Treatment of dendritic cell (DC)-T cell cocultures with IFN-α upregulated CD169 expression on DCs and rescued HIV-1 infection of CD4+ T cells in trans, suggesting that HIV-1 exploits CD169 to attenuate type I IFN-induced restrictions.
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Abstract
Lectins recognize a diverse array of carbohydrate structures and perform numerous essential biological functions. Here we focus on only two families of lectins, the Siglecs and C-type lectins. Triggering of intracellular signaling cascades following ligand recognition by these receptors can have profound effects on the induction and modulation of immunity. In this chapter, we provide a brief overview of each family and then focus on selected examples that highlight how these lectins can influence myeloid cell functioning in health and disease. Receptors that are discussed include Sn (Siglec-1), CD33 (Siglec-3), and Siglec-5, -7, -8, -9, -10, -11, -14, -15, -E, -F, and -G as well as Dectin-1, MICL, Dectin-2, Mincle/MCL, and the macrophage mannose receptor.
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Behrens AJ, Seabright GE, Crispin M. Targeting Glycans of HIV Envelope Glycoproteins for Vaccine Design. CHEMICAL BIOLOGY OF GLYCOPROTEINS 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/9781782623823-00300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The surface of the envelope spike of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is covered with a dense array of glycans, which is sufficient to impede the host antibody response while maintaining a window for receptor recognition. The glycan density significantly exceeds that typically observed on self glycoproteins and is sufficiently high to disrupt the maturation process of glycans, from oligomannose- to complex-type glycosylation, that normally occurs during glycoprotein transit through the secretory system. It is notable that this generates a degree of homogeneity not seen in the highly mutated protein moiety. The conserved, close glycan packing and divergences from default glycan processing give a window for immune recognition. Encouragingly, in a subset of individuals, broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) have been isolated that recognize these features and are protective in passive-transfer models. Here, we review the recent advances in our understanding of the glycan shield of HIV and outline the strategies that are being pursued to elicit glycan-binding bNAbs by vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Janina Behrens
- Oxford Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3QU UK
| | - Gemma E. Seabright
- Oxford Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3QU UK
| | - Max Crispin
- Oxford Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3QU UK
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49
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Mikulak J, Di Vito C, Zaghi E, Mavilio D. Host Immune Responses in HIV-1 Infection: The Emerging Pathogenic Role of Siglecs and Their Clinical Correlates. Front Immunol 2017; 8:314. [PMID: 28386256 PMCID: PMC5362603 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A better understanding of the mechanisms employed by HIV-1 to escape immune responses still represents one of the major tasks required for the development of novel therapeutic approaches targeting a disease still lacking a definitive cure. Host innate immune responses against HIV-1 are key in the early phases of the infection as they could prevent the development and the establishment of two hallmarks of the infection: chronic inflammation and viral reservoirs. Sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins (Siglecs) belong to a family of transmembrane proteins able to dampen host immune responses and set appropriate immune activation thresholds upon ligation with their natural ligands, the sialylated carbohydrates. This immune-modulatory function is also targeted by many pathogens that have evolved to express sialic acids on their surface in order to escape host immune responses. HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein 120 (gp120) is extensively covered by carbohydrates playing active roles in life cycle of the virus. Indeed, besides forming a protecting shield from antibody recognition, this coat of N-linked glycans interferes with the folding of viral glycoproteins and enhances virus infectivity. In particular, the sialic acid residues present on gp120 can bind Siglec-7 on natural killer and monocytes/macrophages and Siglec-1 on monocytes/macrophages and dendritic cells. The interactions between these two members of the Siglec family and the sialylated glycans present on HIV-1 envelope either induce or increase HIV-1 entry in conventional and unconventional target cells, thus contributing to viral dissemination and disease progression. In this review, we address the impact of Siglecs in the pathogenesis of HIV-1 infection and discuss how they could be employed as clinic and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Mikulak
- Unit of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Italy; Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, UOS di Milano, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (UOS/IRGB/CNR), Rozzano, Italy
| | - Clara Di Vito
- Unit of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center , Rozzano , Italy
| | - Elisa Zaghi
- Unit of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center , Rozzano , Italy
| | - Domenico Mavilio
- Unit of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Italy; Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine (BioMeTra), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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50
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Hammonds JE, Beeman N, Ding L, Takushi S, Francis AC, Wang JJ, Melikyan GB, Spearman P. Siglec-1 initiates formation of the virus-containing compartment and enhances macrophage-to-T cell transmission of HIV-1. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006181. [PMID: 28129379 PMCID: PMC5298340 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 particles assemble and bud from the plasma membrane of infected T lymphocytes. Infected macrophages, in contrast, accumulate particles within an apparent intracellular compartment known as the virus-containing compartment or VCC. Many aspects of the formation and function of the VCC remain unclear. Here we demonstrate that VCC formation does not actually require infection of the macrophage, but can be reproduced through the exogenous addition of non-infectious virus-like particles or infectious virions to macrophage cultures. Particles were captured by Siglec-1, a prominent cell surface lectin that attaches to gangliosides on the lipid envelope of the virus. VCCs formed within infected macrophages were readily targeted by the addition of ganglioside-containing virus-like particles to the extracellular media. Depletion of Siglec-1 from the macrophage or depletion of gangliosides from viral particles prevented particle uptake into the VCC and resulted in substantial reductions of VCC volume. Furthermore, Siglec-1-mediated virion capture and subsequent VCC formation was required for efficient trans-infection of autologous T cells. Our results help to define the nature of this intracellular compartment, arguing that it is a compartment formed by particle uptake from the periphery, and that this compartment can readily transmit virus to target T lymphocytes. Inhibiting or eliminating the VCC may be an important component of strategies to reduce HIV transmission and to eradicate HIV reservoirs. T lymphocytes and macrophages are the two major cell types involved in HIV replication and transmission events. When a T cell is infected, virus particles assemble and bud from the plasma membrane of the cell. In contrast, infected macrophages develop an intracellular collection of viruses termed the virus-containing compartment or VCC. Many aspects of the formation and function of the VCC remain unclear. Here we show that VCC formation does not actually require infection of the macrophage, but can be reproduced through the addition of virus-like particles or infectious virions to macrophages. HIV-1 particles were captured by the cell surface carbohydrate-binding protein Siglec-1, followed by co-migration of Siglec-1 and captured viral particles to the VCC. Depletion of Siglec-1 from the macrophage prevented VCC formation, and inhibited the ability of infected macrophages to transmit HIV to T cells. Our results help to define the origin of this intracellular compartment, arguing that it is a compartment formed by particle uptake from the periphery. Inhibiting or eliminating the VCC may be an important component of strategies to reduce HIV transmission and to eradicate HIV reservoirs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason E. Hammonds
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Neal Beeman
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Lingmei Ding
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Sarah Takushi
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Ashwanth C. Francis
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Jaang-Jiun Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Gregory B. Melikyan
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Paul Spearman
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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