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Novak L, Malinakova K, Trnka R, Mikoska P, Sverak T, Kiiski H, Tavel P, van Dijk JP. Neural bases of social deficits in ADHD: A systematic review. Does the Theory of Mind matter? Brain Res Bull 2024; 215:111011. [PMID: 38906229 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2024.111011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) causes serious interpersonal problems from childhood to adulthood, one of them being problematic social functioning. This phenomenon in ADHD should be associated with impairments in the Theory of Mind (ToM). Therefore, understanding the neural correlates of the ToM could be crucial for helping individuals with ADHD with their social functioning. Thus, we aimed to review published literature concerning neuroanatomical and functional correlates of ToM deficits in children and adolescents with ADHD. METHODS We reviewed studies published between 1970 and 2023. In accordance with PRISMA guidelines, after data from three databases were collected, two authors (LN and PM) independently screened all relevant records (n=638) and consequently, both authors did the data extraction. The quality of the included studies (n=5) was measured by a modified version of The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and by measures specific for our study. This systematic review was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42020139847). RESULTS Results indicated that impairments in performing of the ToM tasks were negatively associated with the grey matter volume in the bilateral amygdala and hippocampus in both, ADHD and control group. In EEG studies, a significantly greater electrophysiological activity during ToM tasks was observed in the, frontal, temporal, parietal and occipital lobes in participants with ADHD as compared to healthy subjects. CONCLUSION More research is needed to explore the ToM deficits in children with ADHD. Future research might focus on the neural circuits associated with attention and inhibition, which deficits seems to contribute to the ToM deficits in children and adolescents with ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Novak
- Olomouc University Social Health Institute, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic; Department of Community and Occupational Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Klara Malinakova
- Olomouc University Social Health Institute, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Trnka
- Olomouc University Social Health Institute, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic; Prague College of Psychosocial Studies, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Mikoska
- Olomouc University Social Health Institute, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Sverak
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Hanni Kiiski
- Trinity Institute of Neuroscience and School of Psychology, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Peter Tavel
- Olomouc University Social Health Institute, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jitse P van Dijk
- Olomouc University Social Health Institute, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic; Department of Community and Occupational Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Graduate School Kosice Institute for Society and Health, P.J. Safarik University in Kosice, Kosice, Slovak Republic
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Vai B, Calesella F, Pelucchi A, Riberto M, Poletti S, Bechi M, Cavallaro R, Francesco B. Adverse childhood experiences differently affect Theory of Mind brain networks in schizophrenia and healthy controls. J Psychiatr Res 2024; 172:81-89. [PMID: 38367321 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Patients with schizophrenia (SZ) show impairments in both affective and cognitive dimensions of theory of mind (ToM). SZ are also particularly vulnerable to detrimental effect of adverse childhood experiences (ACE), influencing the overall course of the disorder and fostering poor social functioning. ACE associate with long-lasting detrimental effects on brain structure, function, and connectivity in regions involved in ToM. Here, we investigated whether ToM networks are differentially affected by ACEs in healthy controls (HC) and SZ, and if these effects can predict the disorder clinical outcome. 26 HC and 33 SZ performed a ToM task during an fMRI session. Whole-brain functional response and connectivity (FC) were extracted, investigating the interaction between ACEs and diagnosis. FC values significantly affected by ACEs were entered in a cross-validated LASSO regression predicting Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI), and task performance. ACEs and diagnosis showed a widespread interaction at both affective and cognitive tasks, including connectivity between vmPFC, ACC, precentral and postcentral gyri, insula, PCC, precuneus, parahippocampal gyrus, temporal pole, thalamus, and cerebellum, and functional response in the ACC, thalamus, parahippocampal gyrus and putamen. FC predicted the PANSS score, the fantasy dimension of IRI, and the AToM response latency. Our results highlight the crucial role of early stress in differentially shaping ToM related brain networks in HC and SZ. These effects can also partially explain the clinical and behavioral outcomes of the disorder, extending our knowledge of the effects of ACEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedetta Vai
- Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milano, Italy.
| | - Federico Calesella
- Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milano, Italy
| | - Alice Pelucchi
- Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Martina Riberto
- Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Sara Poletti
- Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milano, Italy
| | - Margherita Bechi
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Roberto Cavallaro
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milano, Italy; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Benedetti Francesco
- Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milano, Italy
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Torrens WA, Pablo JN, Berryhill ME, Haigh SM. Pattern glare sensitivity distinguishes subclinical autism and schizotypy. Cogn Neuropsychiatry 2024:1-18. [PMID: 38551240 DOI: 10.1080/13546805.2024.2335103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorder are distinct neurodevelopmental disorders sharing clinically relevant behaviours. However, early sensory responses show divergent responses. Individuals with schizophrenia typically exhibit cortical hypo-excitability whereas individuals with autism show cortical hyperexcitability. Identifying reliable neurobiological differences between the disorders can diminish misdiagnosis and optimise treatments. METHODS The pattern glare test (PGT) is a simple measure of behavioural hyperexcitability. It measures the number of illusions seen in a static horizontal grating. We collected PGT data from non-clinical adults varying in traits of autism and schizophrenia (schizotypy). 576 undergraduate students completed an online survey consisting of the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire - Brief Revised, the Autism Spectrum Quotient, and the PGT. RESULTS Subclinical autism and schizotypy traits were highly positively correlated. However, only schizotypy scores were significantly predictive of reporting more pattern glare (PG) illusions. When assessing the subcomponents of the schizotypy and autism scores, positive and disorganised schizotypy traits were predictive of reporting more PG illusions. Whereas, subclinical autism factors were not predictive of PG illusions. CONCLUSIONS High schizotypy performed the PGT in a manner consistent with behavioural hyperexcitability. The PGT distinguished subclinical autistic traits from schizotypy, suggesting potential clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy A Torrens
- Department of Psychology and Institute for Neuroscience, University of Nevada, Reno, USA
| | - Jenna N Pablo
- Department of Psychology and Institute for Neuroscience, University of Nevada, Reno, USA
| | - Marian E Berryhill
- Department of Psychology and Institute for Neuroscience, University of Nevada, Reno, USA
| | - Sarah M Haigh
- Department of Psychology and Institute for Neuroscience, University of Nevada, Reno, USA
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Guerrera S, Pontillo M, Chieppa F, Passarini S, Di Vincenzo C, Casula L, Di Luzio M, Valeri G, Vicari S. Autism Spectrum Disorder and Early Psychosis: a narrative review from a neurodevelopmental perspective. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1362511. [PMID: 38571993 PMCID: PMC10987738 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1362511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), characterized by socio-communicative abnormalities and restricted, repetitive, and stereotyped behaviors, is part of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (NDDs), a diagnostic category distinctly in accordance with the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition, (DSM-5), clearly separated from Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorder (SSD) (schizophrenia, schizophreniform disorder, schizoaffective disorder, schizotypal personality disorder). Over the last four decades, this clear distinction is gradually being replaced, describing ASD and SSD as two heterogeneous conditions but with neurodevelopmental origins and overlaps. Referring to the proposal of a neurodevelopmental continuum model, the current research's aim is to provide an update of the knowledge to date on the course of clinical symptoms and their overlaps among ASD and SSD. A narrative review of the literature published between January 2010 and June 2023 was conducted. Five studies were included. All studies show a global impairment in both conditions. Two studies show a focus on neurodevelopmental perspective in ASD and SSD. Only one study of these adopts a longitudinal prospective in terms of prognostic markers among ASD and SSD. Three studies underline the overlap between ASD and SSD in terms of negative, disorganized and positive symptomatology. To date, there is a gap in the current scientific literature focused on ASD-SSD course of clinical symptoms and their overlaps from a neurodevelopmental perspective. Future longitudinal studies to identify risk markers and tailored treatments are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Guerrera
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Pontillo
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizia Chieppa
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Passarini
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology and Health Studies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Di Vincenzo
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Casula
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Michelangelo Di Luzio
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Valeri
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Vicari
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Life Sciences and Public Health Department, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
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Quaranta D, Di Tella S, Cassano V, L'Abbate F, Bruno M, Gaudino S, Panfili M, Silveri MC, Marra C. Neural correlates of empathy in mild cognitive impairment. COGNITIVE, AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2024; 24:171-183. [PMID: 38158451 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-023-01146-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The occurrence of clinically significant changes in empathy is a matter of debate in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Altered empathic mechanisms observed in AD may be a consequence of cognitive impairment, more specifically of reduced mental flexibility and self-regulation. The present study explored possible changes in empathy for subjects in the prodromal phase of AD, namely mild cognitive impairment (MCI) due to AD, and of their neural substrates. Eighteen MCI patients and 20 healthy controls (HC) were included in the study. The Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) questionnaire was administered to each participant. The IRI encompasses four factors: Perspective Taking; Fantasy; Empathic Concern; Personal Distress. MCI patients underwent a magnetic resonance imaging structural examination and were compared to 30 healthy controls (HC-MRI). A limited number of cortical and subcortical regions involved in social cognition was selected as regions of interest (ROIs). MCI individuals obtained lower scores than HC in the Perspective Taking and Fantasy subscales of the IRI, whereas they obtained higher scores on Empathic Concern. Regarding neuroimaging data, a significant correlation emerged between IRI scores and the neural measurements of different regions involved in empathy, especially covering the temporoparietal junction, which is a critical region engaged in both affective and cognitive dimensions of empathy. The results of the present study suggest that a subtle impairment in regulatory mechanisms of empathy may occur very early during the course of AD, possibly as a consequence of neuropathological changes occurring in brain regions involved in social cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Quaranta
- Neurology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
- Department of Neuroscience, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy.
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Milan, Italy.
| | - Sonia Di Tella
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Federica L'Abbate
- Neurology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Matilde Bruno
- Memory Clinic, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Gaudino
- Radiology and Neuroradiology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCSS, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Panfili
- Radiology and Neuroradiology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCSS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Camillo Marra
- Neurology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Milan, Italy
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Ibrahim K, Iturmendi-Sabater I, Vasishth M, Barron DS, Guardavaccaro M, Funaro MC, Holmes A, McCarthy G, Eickhoff SB, Sukhodolsky DG. Neural circuit disruptions of eye gaze processing in autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia: An activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis. Schizophr Res 2024; 264:298-313. [PMID: 38215566 PMCID: PMC10922721 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2023.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impairment in social cognition, particularly eye gaze processing, is a shared feature common to autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and schizophrenia. However, it is unclear if a convergent neural mechanism also underlies gaze dysfunction in these conditions. The present study examined whether this shared eye gaze phenotype is reflected in a profile of convergent neurobiological dysfunction in ASD and schizophrenia. METHODS Activation likelihood estimation (ALE) meta-analyses were conducted on peak voxel coordinates across the whole brain to identify spatial convergence. Functional coactivation with regions emerging as significant was assessed using meta-analytic connectivity modeling. Functional decoding was also conducted. RESULTS Fifty-six experiments (n = 30 with schizophrenia and n = 26 with ASD) from 36 articles met inclusion criteria, which comprised 354 participants with ASD, 275 with schizophrenia and 613 healthy controls (1242 participants in total). In ASD, aberrant activation was found in the left amygdala relative to unaffected controls during gaze processing. In schizophrenia, aberrant activation was found in the right inferior frontal gyrus and supplementary motor area. Across ASD and schizophrenia, aberrant activation was found in the right inferior frontal gyrus and right fusiform gyrus during gaze processing. Functional decoding mapped the left amygdala to domains related to emotion processing and cognition, the right inferior frontal gyrus to cognition and perception, and the right fusiform gyrus to visual perception, spatial cognition, and emotion perception. These regions also showed meta-analytic connectivity to frontoparietal and frontotemporal circuitry. CONCLUSION Alterations in frontoparietal and frontotemporal circuitry emerged as neural markers of gaze impairments in ASD and schizophrenia. These findings have implications for advancing transdiagnostic biomarkers to inform targeted treatments for ASD and schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Ibrahim
- Yale University School of Medicine, Child Study Center, United States of America.
| | | | - Maya Vasishth
- Yale University School of Medicine, Child Study Center, United States of America
| | - Daniel S Barron
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, United States of America; Harvard Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, United States of America
| | | | - Melissa C Funaro
- Yale University, Harvey Cushing/John Hay Whitney Medical Library, United States of America
| | - Avram Holmes
- Yale University, Department of Psychology, United States of America; Yale University, Department of Psychiatry, United States of America; Yale University, Wu Tsai Institute, United States of America
| | - Gregory McCarthy
- Yale University, Department of Psychology, United States of America; Yale University, Wu Tsai Institute, United States of America
| | - Simon B Eickhoff
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain and Behaviour (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Denis G Sukhodolsky
- Yale University School of Medicine, Child Study Center, United States of America
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Blain SD, Taylor SF, Lasagna CA, Angstadt M, Rutherford SE, Peltier S, Diwadkar VA, Tso IF. Aberrant Effective Connectivity During Eye Gaze Processing Is Linked to Social Functioning and Symptoms in Schizophrenia. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY. COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2023; 8:1228-1239. [PMID: 37648206 PMCID: PMC10840731 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2023.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with schizophrenia show abnormal gaze processing, which is associated with social dysfunction. These abnormalities are related to aberrant connectivity among brain regions that are associated with visual processing, social cognition, and cognitive control. In this study, we investigated 1) how effective connectivity during gaze processing is disrupted in schizophrenia and 2) how this may contribute to social dysfunction and clinical symptoms. METHODS Thirty-nine patients with schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder (SZ) and 33 healthy control participants completed an eye gaze processing task during functional magnetic resonance imaging. Participants viewed faces with different gaze angles and performed explicit and implicit gaze processing. Four brain regions-the secondary visual cortex, posterior superior temporal sulcus, inferior parietal lobule, and posterior medial frontal cortex-were identified as nodes for dynamic causal modeling analysis. RESULTS Both the SZ and healthy control groups showed similar model structures for general gaze processing. Explicit gaze discrimination led to changes in effective connectivity, including stronger excitatory, bottom-up connections from the secondary visual cortex to the posterior superior temporal sulcus and inferior parietal lobule and inhibitory, top-down connections from the posterior medial frontal cortex to the secondary visual cortex. Group differences in top-down modulation from the posterior medial frontal cortex to the posterior superior temporal sulcus and inferior parietal lobule were noted, such that these inhibitory connections were attenuated in the healthy control group but further strengthened in the SZ group. Connectivity was associated with social dysfunction and symptom severity. CONCLUSIONS The SZ group showed notably stronger top-down inhibition during explicit gaze discrimination, which was associated with more social dysfunction but less severe symptoms among patients. These findings help pinpoint neural mechanisms of aberrant gaze processing and may serve as future targets for interventions that combine neuromodulation with social cognitive training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott D Blain
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio; Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
| | - Stephan F Taylor
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Carly A Lasagna
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Mike Angstadt
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Saige E Rutherford
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Predictive Clinical Neuroscience Lab, Donders Center for Medical Neuroscience, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Scott Peltier
- Functional MRI Laboratory, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Vaibhav A Diwadkar
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Ivy F Tso
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio; Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Ozbek SU, Sut E, Bora E. Comparison of social cognition and neurocognition in schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 155:105441. [PMID: 37923237 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This report aimed to compare group differences in social and non-social cognition in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and schizophrenia, and examine the influence of age and other factors on group differences. METHODS Literature searches were conducted in Pubmed and Web of Science from January 1980 to August 2022. Original research articles reporting objective measures of cognition were selected. RESULTS 57 articles involving 1864 patients with schizophrenia and 1716 patients with ASD have been included. Schizophrenia was associated with more severe non-social-cognitive impairment, particularly in fluency (g=0.47;CI[0.17-0.76]) and processing speed domains (g=0.41;CI[0.20-0.62]). Poorer performance in social cognition (Z = 3.68,p = 0.0002) and non-social cognition (Z = 2.48,p = 0.01) in schizophrenia were significantly related to older age. ASD was associated with more severe social cognitive impairment when groups were matched for non-social-cognition (g=-0.18, p = 0.04) or reasoning/problem solving (g=-0,62; CI [-1,06-(-0.08)]. DISCUSSION While both disorders present with social and non-social cognitive impairments, the pattern and developmental trajectories of these deficits are different. The limitations included heterogeneity of the cognitive measures, and the lack of sufficient information about antipsychotic use.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ekin Sut
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Emre Bora
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey; Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, Victoria 3053, Australia; Department of Neurosciences, Health Sciences Institute, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey.
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Giansanti D. An Umbrella Review of the Fusion of fMRI and AI in Autism. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:3552. [PMID: 38066793 PMCID: PMC10706112 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13233552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The role of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is assuming an increasingly central role in autism diagnosis. The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into the realm of applications further contributes to its development. This study's objective is to analyze emerging themes in this domain through an umbrella review, encompassing systematic reviews. The research methodology was based on a structured process for conducting a literature narrative review, using an umbrella review in PubMed and Scopus. Rigorous criteria, a standard checklist, and a qualification process were meticulously applied. The findings include 20 systematic reviews that underscore key themes in autism research, particularly emphasizing the significance of technological integration, including the pivotal roles of fMRI and AI. This study also highlights the enigmatic role of oxytocin. While acknowledging the immense potential in this field, the outcome does not evade acknowledging the significant challenges and limitations. Intriguingly, there is a growing emphasis on research and innovation in AI, whereas aspects related to the integration of healthcare processes, such as regulation, acceptance, informed consent, and data security, receive comparatively less attention. Additionally, the integration of these findings into Personalized Medicine (PM) represents a promising yet relatively unexplored area within autism research. This study concludes by encouraging scholars to focus on the critical themes of health domain integration, vital for the routine implementation of these applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Giansanti
- Centro Nazionale TISP, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Roma, Italy
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10
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Lemmers-Jansen I, Velthorst E, Fett AK. The social cognitive and neural mechanisms that underlie social functioning in individuals with schizophrenia - a review. Transl Psychiatry 2023; 13:327. [PMID: 37865631 PMCID: PMC10590451 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02593-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023] Open
Abstract
In many individuals with a diagnosis of schizophrenia social functioning is impaired across the lifespan. Social cognition has emerged as one of the possible factors that may contribute to these challenges. Neuroimaging research can give further insights into the underlying mechanisms of social (cognitive) difficulties. This review summarises the evidence on the associations between social cognition in the domains of theory of mind and emotion perception and processing, and individuals' social functioning and social skills, as well as associated neural mechanisms. Eighteen behavioural studies were conducted since the last major review and meta-analysis in the field (inclusion between 7/2017 and 1/2022). No major review has investigated the link between the neural mechanisms of social cognition and their association with social functioning in schizophrenia. Fourteen relevant studies were included (from 1/2000 to 1/2022). The findings of the behavioural studies showed that associations with social outcomes were slightly stronger for theory of mind than for emotion perception and processing. Moreover, performance in both social cognitive domains was more strongly associated with performance on social skill measures than questionnaire-based assessment of social functioning in the community. Studies on the underlying neural substrate of these associations presented mixed findings. In general, higher activation in various regions of the social brain was associated with better social functioning. The available evidence suggests some shared regions that might underlie the social cognition-social outcome link between different domains. However, due to the heterogeneity in approaches and findings, the current knowledge base will need to be expanded before firm conclusions can be drawn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imke Lemmers-Jansen
- Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Institute for Brain and Behaviour (iBBA) Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Eva Velthorst
- GGZ Noord-Holland-Noord, Heerhugowaard, The Netherlands
| | - Anne-Kathrin Fett
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
- Department of Psychology, City, University of London, London, UK.
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11
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Duvall L, May KE, Waltz A, Kana RK. The neurobiological map of theory of mind and pragmatic communication in autism. Soc Neurosci 2023; 18:191-204. [PMID: 37724352 DOI: 10.1080/17470919.2023.2242095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Children with autism often have difficulty with Theory of Mind (ToM), the ability to infer mental states, and pragmatic skills, the contextual use of language. Neuroimaging research suggests ToM and pragmatic skills overlap, as the ability to understand another's mental state is a prerequisite to interpersonal communication. To our knowledge, no study in the last decade has examined this overlap further. To assess the emerging consensus across neuroimaging studies of ToM and pragmatic skills in autism, we used coordinate-based activation likelihood estimation (ALE) analysis of 35 functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies (13 pragmatic skills, 22 ToM), resulting in a meta-analysis of 1,295 participants (647 autistic, 648 non-autistic) aged 7 to 49 years. Group difference analysis revealed decreased left inferior frontal gyrus (LIFG) activation in autistic participants during pragmatic skills tasks. For ToM tasks, we found reduced anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC), and temporoparietal junction (TPJ) activation in autistic participants. Collectively, both ToM and pragmatic tasks showed activation in IFG and superior temporal gyrus (STG) and a reduction in left hemispheric activation in autistic participants. Overall, the findings underscore the cognitive and neural processing similarities between ToM and pragmatic skills, and their underlying neurobiological differences in autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Duvall
- Center for Autism and Related Disorders, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kaitlyn E May
- Department of Educational Studies in Psychology, Research Methodologies, and Counseling, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL,USA
| | - Abby Waltz
- Department of Psychology & the Center for Innovative Research in Autism, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| | - Rajesh K Kana
- Department of Psychology & the Center for Innovative Research in Autism, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
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12
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Safizadeh Shabestari SA, Nassir N, Sopariwala S, Karimov I, Tambi R, Zehra B, Kosaji N, Akter H, Berdiev BK, Uddin M. Overlapping pathogenic de novo CNVs in neurodevelopmental disorders and congenital anomalies impacting constraint genes regulating early development. Hum Genet 2023; 142:1201-1213. [PMID: 36383254 PMCID: PMC10449996 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-022-02482-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) and congenital anomalies (CAs) are rare disorders with complex etiology. In this study, we investigated the less understood genomic overlap of copy number variants (CNVs) in two large cohorts of NDD and CA patients to identify de novo CNVs and candidate genes associated with both phenotypes. We analyzed clinical microarray CNV data from 10,620 NDD and 3176 CA cases annotated using Horizon platform of GenomeArc Analytics and applied rigorous downstream analysis to evaluate overlapping genes from NDD and CA CNVs. Out of 13,796 patients, only 195 cases contained 218 validated de novo CNVs. Eighteen percent (31/170) de novo CNVs in NDD cases and 40% (19/48) de novo CNVs in CA cases contained genomic overlaps impacting developmentally constraint genes. Seventy-nine constraint genes (10.1% non-OMIM entries) were found to have significantly enriched genomic overlap within rare de novo pathogenic deletions (P value = 0.01, OR = 1.58) and 45 constraint genes (13.3% non-OMIM entries) within rare de novo pathogenic duplications (P value = 0.01, OR = 1.97). Analysis of spatiotemporal transcriptome demonstrated both pathogenic deletion and duplication genes to be highly expressed during the prenatal stage in human developmental brain (P value = 4.95 X 10-6). From the list of overlapping genes, EHMT1, an interesting known NDD gene encompassed pathogenic deletion CNVs from both NDD and CA patients, whereas FAM189A1, and FSTL5 are new candidate genes from non-OMIM entries. In summary, we have identified constraint overlapping genes from CNVs (including de novo) in NDD and CA patients that have the potential to play a vital role in common disease etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nasna Nassir
- Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, UAE
| | | | | | - Richa Tambi
- Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, UAE
| | - Binte Zehra
- Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, UAE
| | - Noor Kosaji
- Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, UAE
| | - Hosneara Akter
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine Centre, NeuroGen Healthcare, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Bakhrom K Berdiev
- Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, UAE
| | - Mohammed Uddin
- Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, UAE.
- GenomeArc Inc, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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13
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Carollo A, Rigo P, Bizzego A, Lee A, Setoh P, Esposito G. Exposure to Multicultural Context Affects Neural Response to Out-Group Faces: A Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:4030. [PMID: 37112371 PMCID: PMC10145470 DOI: 10.3390/s23084030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Recent migration and globalization trends have led to the emergence of ethnically, religiously, and linguistically diverse countries. Understanding the unfolding of social dynamics in multicultural contexts becomes a matter of common interest to promote national harmony and social cohesion among groups. The current functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study aimed to (i) explore the neural signature of the in-group bias in the multicultural context; and (ii) assess the relationship between the brain activity and people's system-justifying ideologies. A sample of 43 (22 females) Chinese Singaporeans (M = 23.36; SD = 1.41) was recruited. All participants completed the Right Wing Authoritarianism Scale and Social Dominance Orientation Scale to assess their system-justifying ideologies. Subsequently, four types of visual stimuli were presented in an fMRI task: Chinese (in-group), Indian (typical out-group), Arabic (non-typical out-group), and Caucasian (non-typical out-group) faces. The right middle occipital gyrus and the right postcentral gyrus showed enhanced activity when participants were exposed to in-group (Chinese) rather than out-group (Arabic, Indian, and Caucasian) faces. Regions having a role in mentalization, empathetic resonance, and social cognition showed enhanced activity to Chinese (in-group) rather than Indian (typical out-group) faces. Similarly, regions typically involved in socioemotional and reward-related processing showed increased activation when participants were shown Chinese (in-group) rather than Arabic (non-typical out-group) faces. The neural activations in the right postcentral gyrus for in-group rather than out-group faces and in the right caudate in response to Chinese rather than Arabic faces were in a significant positive correlation with participants' Right Wing Authoritarianism scores (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the activity in the right middle occipital gyrus for Chinese rather than out-group faces was in a significant negative correlation with participants' Social Dominance Orientation scores (p < 0.05). Results are discussed by considering the typical role played by the activated brain regions in socioemotional processes as well as the role of familiarity to out-group faces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Carollo
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento, 38068 Rovereto, Italy; (A.C.); (A.B.)
| | - Paola Rigo
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialization, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy;
| | - Andrea Bizzego
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento, 38068 Rovereto, Italy; (A.C.); (A.B.)
| | - Albert Lee
- Psychology Program, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639818, Singapore; (A.L.); (P.S.)
| | - Peipei Setoh
- Psychology Program, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639818, Singapore; (A.L.); (P.S.)
| | - Gianluca Esposito
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento, 38068 Rovereto, Italy; (A.C.); (A.B.)
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14
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Hudson M, Santavirta S, Putkinen V, Seppälä K, Sun L, Karjalainen T, Karlsson HK, Hirvonen J, Nummenmaa L. Neural responses to biological motion distinguish autistic and schizotypal traits. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2023; 18:nsad011. [PMID: 36847146 PMCID: PMC10032360 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsad011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Difficulties in social interactions characterize both autism and schizophrenia and are correlated in the neurotypical population. It is unknown whether this represents a shared etiology or superficial phenotypic overlap. Both conditions exhibit atypical neural activity in response to the perception of social stimuli and decreased neural synchronization between individuals. This study investigated if neural activity and neural synchronization associated with biological motion perception are differentially associated with autistic and schizotypal traits in the neurotypical population. Participants viewed naturalistic social interactions while hemodynamic brain activity was measured with fMRI, which was modeled against a continuous measure of the extent of biological motion. General linear model analysis revealed that biological motion perception was associated with neural activity across the action observation network. However, intersubject phase synchronization analysis revealed neural activity to be synchronized between individuals in occipital and parietal areas but desynchronized in temporal and frontal regions. Autistic traits were associated with decreased neural activity (precuneus and middle cingulate gyrus), and schizotypal traits were associated with decreased neural synchronization (middle and inferior frontal gyri). Biological motion perception elicits divergent patterns of neural activity and synchronization, which dissociate autistic and schizotypal traits in the general population, suggesting that they originate from different neural mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Hudson
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku 20520, Finland
- Turku University Hospital, Turku 20520, Finland
- School of Psychology, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
- Brain Research & Imaging Centre, Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Research Way, Plymouth PL6 8BU, UK
| | - Severi Santavirta
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku 20520, Finland
- Turku University Hospital, Turku 20520, Finland
| | - Vesa Putkinen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku 20520, Finland
- Turku University Hospital, Turku 20520, Finland
| | - Kerttu Seppälä
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku 20520, Finland
- Turku University Hospital, Turku 20520, Finland
- Department of Medical Physics, Turku University Hospital, Turku 20520, Finland
| | - Lihua Sun
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku 20520, Finland
- Turku University Hospital, Turku 20520, Finland
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Tomi Karjalainen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku 20520, Finland
- Turku University Hospital, Turku 20520, Finland
| | - Henry K Karlsson
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku 20520, Finland
- Turku University Hospital, Turku 20520, Finland
| | - Jussi Hirvonen
- Department of Radiology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku 20520, Finland
- Medical Imaging Centre, Department of Radiology, Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere 33100, Finland
| | - Lauri Nummenmaa
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku 20520, Finland
- Department of Psychology, University of Turku, Turku 20520, Finland
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15
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Tantchik W, Green MJ, Quidé Y, Erk S, Mohnke S, Wackerhagen C, Romanczuk-Seiferth N, Tost H, Schwarz K, Moessnang C, Bzdok D, Meyer-Lindenberg A, Heinz A, Walter H. Investigating the neural correlates of affective mentalizing and their association with general intelligence in patients with schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2023; 254:190-198. [PMID: 36921404 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2023.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS Mentalizing impairment in schizophrenia has been linked to altered neural responses. This study aimed to replicate previous findings of altered activation of the mentalizing network in schizophrenia and investigate its possible association with impaired domain-general cognition. STUDY DESIGN We analyzed imaging data from two large multi-centric German studies including 64 patients, 64 matched controls and a separate cohort of 300 healthy subjects, as well as an independent Australian study including 46 patients and 61 controls. All subjects underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging while performing the same affective mentalizing task and completed a cognitive assessment battery. Group differences in activation of the mentalizing network were assessed by classical as well as Bayesian two-sample t-tests. Multiple regression analysis was performed to investigate effects of neurocognitive measures on activation of the mentalizing network. STUDY RESULTS We found no significant group differences in activation of the mentalizing network. Bayes factors indicate that these results provide genuine evidence for the null hypothesis. We found a positive association between verbal intelligence and activation of the medial prefrontal cortex, a key region of the mentalizing network, in three independent samples. Finally, individuals with low verbal intelligence showed altered activation in areas previously implicated in mentalizing dysfunction in schizophrenia. CONCLUSIONS Mentalizing activation in patients with schizophrenia might not differ compared to large well-matched groups of healthy controls. Verbal intelligence is an important confounding variable in group comparisons, which should be considered in future studies of the neural correlates of mentalizing dysfunction in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wladimir Tantchik
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences
- CCM, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Melissa J Green
- Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia
| | - Yann Quidé
- Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; School of Psychology, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia
| | - Susanne Erk
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences
- CCM, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Mohnke
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences
- CCM, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Carolin Wackerhagen
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences
- CCM, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nina Romanczuk-Seiferth
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences
- CCM, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Heike Tost
- Zentralinstitut für Seelische Gesundheit, J 5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Kristina Schwarz
- Zentralinstitut für Seelische Gesundheit, J 5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Carolin Moessnang
- Zentralinstitut für Seelische Gesundheit, J 5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Danilo Bzdok
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McConnell Brain Imaging Centre (BIC), Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI), Faculty of Medicine, School of Computer Science, McGill University, 845 Sherbrooke St W, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0G4, Canada; Mila - Quebec Artificial Intelligence Institute, 6666 Rue Saint-Urbain, #200, Montreal, Quebec H2S 3H1, Canada
| | | | - Andreas Heinz
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences
- CCM, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Henrik Walter
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences
- CCM, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
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16
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Gil‐Polo C, Martinez‐Horta S, Sampedro Santalo F, Martín‐Palencia M, Gundín‐Menéndez S, Alvarez‐Baños P, Maza‐Pereg L, Calvo S, Collazo C, Alonso‐García E, Riñones‐Mena E, Arrabal‐Alonso A, Núñez Rodriguez J, Saiz‐Rodriguez M, Aguado L, Mariscal N, Muñoz‐Siscart I, Piñeiro D, Rivadeneyra J, Diez‐Fairen M, Miguel‐Pérez I, Cubo E. Association Between Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 and Social Cognition in Huntington's Disease. Mov Disord Clin Pract 2022; 10:279-284. [PMID: 36825059 PMCID: PMC9941927 DOI: 10.1002/mdc3.13613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) seems to be involved in the neural circuits associated with social cognition and brain structure. Objectives To investigate the association of IGF-1 levels with social cognition and brain structure in Huntington's disease (HD). Methods We evaluated social cognition using the Ekman test in 22 HD patients and 19 matched controls. Brain structure was assessed using standard volume-based voxel-based morphometry and surface-based cortical thickness pipeline. We analyzed the association of IGF-1 levels with social cognition and brain structure using adjusted regression analysis. Results Social cognition was worse in HD patients (P < 0.001), on antidopaminergic drugs (P = 0.02), and with lower IGF-1 levels (P = 0.04). In neuroimaging analyses, lower IGF-1 levels were associated with social cognition impairment and atrophy mainly in frontotemporal regions (P < 0.05 corrected). Conclusions In HD, abnormal IGF-1 function seems to be associated with brain atrophy leading to clinical deficits in social cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Laura Maza‐Pereg
- Endocrinology DepartmentHospital Universitario BurgosBurgosSpain
| | - Sara Calvo
- Research UnitHospital Universitario BurgosBurgosSpain
| | - Carla Collazo
- Research UnitHospital Universitario BurgosBurgosSpain
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Laura Aguado
- Neurology DepartmentHospital Universitario BurgosBurgosSpain
| | | | | | - Dolores Piñeiro
- Psychiatry DepartmentHospital Universitario BurgosBurgosSpain
| | | | | | | | - Esther Cubo
- Neurology DepartmentHospital Universitario BurgosBurgosSpain,University of BurgosBurgosSpain
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17
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Hsu TW, Chu CS, Tsai SJ, Hsu JW, Huang KL, Cheng CM, Su TP, Chen TJ, Bai YM, Liang CS, Chen MH. Diagnostic progression to schizophrenia: A nationwide cohort study of 11 170 adolescents and young adults with autism spectrum disorder. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2022; 76:644-651. [PMID: 36057134 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.13468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Previous studies have suggested an increased risk of developing schizophrenia later in life in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This study aims to investigate the diagnosis stability and the potential predictors for progression to schizophrenia in ASD. METHODS We recruited 11 170 adolescents (10-19 years) and young adults (20-29 years) with ASD between 2001 and 2010. They were followed up to the end of 2011 to identify newly diagnosed schizophrenia. The Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression with age as a time scale were employed to estimate incidence rates and the significance of candidate predictors. RESULTS The progression rate from ASD to schizophrenia was 10.26% for 10 years of follow-up. Among 860 progressors, 580 (67.44%) occurred within the first 3 years after a diagnosis of ASD. The identified predictors were age (reported as hazard ratio with 95% confidence interval: 1.13; 1.11-1.15), depressive disorder (1.36; 1.09-1.69), alcohol use disorder (3.05; 2.14-4.35), substance use disorder (1.91; 1.18-3.09), cluster A personality disorder (2.95; 1.79-4.84), cluster B personality disorder (1.86; 1.05-3.28), and a family history of schizophrenia (2.12; 1.65-2.74). CONCLUSION More than two-thirds of the progressors developed schizophrenia within the first 3 years. Demographic characteristics, physical and psychiatric comorbidities, and psychiatric family history were significant predictors of progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tien-Wei Hsu
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Che-Sheng Chu
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Jen Tsai
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ju-Wei Hsu
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Lin Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ming Cheng
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Ping Su
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry, General Cheng Hsin Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzeng-Ji Chen
- Department of Family Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Hospital and Health Care Administration, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Family Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Hsinchu Branch, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Mei Bai
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Sung Liang
- Department of Psychiatry, Beitou Branch, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mu-Hong Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
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18
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Frosch IR, Damme KSF, Bernard JA, Mittal VA. Cerebellar correlates of social dysfunction among individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:1027470. [PMID: 36532176 PMCID: PMC9752902 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1027470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Social deficits are a significant feature among both individuals with psychosis and those at clinical high-risk (CHR) for developing psychosis. Critically, the psychosis risk syndrome emerges in adolescence and young adulthood, when social skill development is being fine-tuned. Yet, the underlying pathophysiology of social deficits in individuals at CHR for psychosis remains unclear. Literature suggests the cerebellum plays a critical role in social functioning. Cerebellar dysfunction in psychosis and CHR individuals is well-established, yet limited research has examined links between the cerebellum and social functioning deficits in this critical population. Method In the current study, 68 individuals at CHR for developing psychosis and 66 healthy controls (HCs) completed social processing measures (examining social interaction, social cognition, and global social functioning) and resting-state MRI scans. Seed-to-voxel resting-state connectivity analyses were employed to examine the relationship between social deficits and lobular cerebellar network connectivity. Results Analyses indicated that within the CHR group, each social domain variable was linked to reduced connectivity between social cerebellar subregions (e.g., Crus II, lobules VIIIa and VIIIb) and cortical regions (e.g., frontal pole and frontal gyrus), but a control cerebellar subregion (e.g., lobule X) and was unrelated to these social variables. Discussion These results indicate an association between several cerebellar lobules and specific deficits in social processing. The cerebellum, therefore, may be particularly salient to the social domain and future research is need to examine the role of the cerebellum in psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle R. Frosch
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Katherine S. F. Damme
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
- Institute for Innovations in Developmental Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Jessica A. Bernard
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
- Texas A&M Institute for Neuroscience, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Vijay A. Mittal
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
- Institute for Innovations in Developmental Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
- Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
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19
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Edwards DJ. Going beyond the DSM in predicting, diagnosing, and treating autism spectrum disorder with covarying alexithymia and OCD: A structural equation model and process-based predictive coding account. Front Psychol 2022; 13:993381. [PMID: 36148114 PMCID: PMC9485626 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.993381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is much overlap among the symptomology of autistic spectrum disorders (ASDs), obsessive compulsive disorders (OCDs), and alexithymia, which all typically involve impaired social interactions, repetitive impulsive behaviors, problems with communication, and mental health. Aim This study aimed to identify direct and indirect associations among alexithymia, OCD, cardiac interoception, psychological inflexibility, and self-as-context, with the DV ASD and depression, while controlling for vagal related aging. Methodology The data involved electrocardiogram (ECG) heart rate variability (HRV) and questionnaire data. In total, 1,089 participant's data of ECG recordings of healthy resting state HRV were recorded and grouped into age categories. In addition to this, another 224 participants completed an online survey that included the following questionnaires: Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS); Toronto Alexithymia Scale 20 (TAS-20); Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (AAQII); Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale 21 (DAS21); Multi-dimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness Scale (MAIA); and the Self-as-Context Scale (SAC). Results Heart rate variability was shown to decrease with age when controlling for BMI and gender. In the two SEMs produced, it was found that OCD and alexithymia were causally associated with autism and depression indirectly through psychological inflexibility, SAC, and ISen interoception. Conclusion The results are discussed in relation to the limitations of the DSM with its categorical focus of protocols for syndromes and provide support for more flexible ideographic approaches in diagnosing and treating mental health and autism within the Extended Evolutionary Meta-Model (EEMM). Graph theory approaches are discussed in their capacity to depict the processes of change potentially even at the level of the relational frame.
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Du Y, He X, Kochunov P, Pearlson G, Hong LE, van Erp TGM, Belger A, Calhoun VD. A new multimodality fusion classification approach to explore the uniqueness of schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorder. Hum Brain Mapp 2022; 43:3887-3903. [PMID: 35484969 PMCID: PMC9294304 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SZ) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) sharing overlapping symptoms have a long history of diagnostic confusion. It is unclear what their differences at a brain level are. Here, we propose a multimodality fusion classification approach to investigate their divergence in brain function and structure. Using brain functional network connectivity (FNC) calculated from resting-state fMRI data and gray matter volume (GMV) estimated from sMRI data, we classify the two disorders using the main data (335 SZ and 380 ASD patients) via an unbiased 10-fold cross-validation pipeline, and also validate the classification generalization ability on an independent cohort (120 SZ and 349 ASD patients). The classification accuracy reached up to 83.08% for the testing data and 72.10% for the independent data, significantly better than the results from using the single-modality features. The discriminative FNCs that were automatically selected primarily involved the sub-cortical, default mode, and visual domains. Interestingly, all discriminative FNCs relating to the default mode network showed an intermediate strength in healthy controls (HCs) between SZ and ASD patients. Their GMV differences were mainly driven by the frontal gyrus, temporal gyrus, and insula. Regarding these regions, the mean GMV of HC fell intermediate between that of SZ and ASD, and ASD showed the highest GMV. The middle frontal gyrus was associated with both functional and structural differences. In summary, our work reveals the unique neuroimaging characteristics of SZ and ASD that can achieve high and generalizable classification accuracy, supporting their potential as disorder-specific neural substrates of the two entwined disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhui Du
- School of Computer and Information TechnologyShanxi UniversityTaiyuanShanxiChina
- Tri‐Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data ScienceGeorgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Xingyu He
- School of Computer and Information TechnologyShanxi UniversityTaiyuanShanxiChina
| | - Peter Kochunov
- Center for Brain Imaging ResearchUniversity of MarylandBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | | | - L. Elliot Hong
- Center for Brain Imaging ResearchUniversity of MarylandBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Theo G. M. van Erp
- Department of Psychiatry and Human BehaviorUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCaliforniaUSA
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and MemoryUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCaliforniaUSA
| | - Aysenil Belger
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Vince D. Calhoun
- Tri‐Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data ScienceGeorgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
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21
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Perrykkad K, Hohwy J. How selves differ within and across cognitive domains: self-prioritisation, self-concept, and psychiatric traits. BMC Psychol 2022; 10:165. [PMID: 35773737 PMCID: PMC9248136 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-022-00870-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background How we build and maintain representations of ourselves involves both explicit features which are consciously accessible on reflection and implicit processes which are not, such as attentional biases. Understanding relations between different ways of measuring self-cognition both within and across such cognitive domains is important for understanding how selves may differ from one another, and whether self-cognition is best understood as largely uni-dimensional or more multi-dimensional. Further, uncovering this structure should inform research around how self-cognition relates to psychiatric and psychological conditions. This study explores the relations between different constructs of self-cognition and how variability within them relates to psychiatric traits.
Methods Our final dataset includes within-subject (n = 288, general population) measures of explicit self-concept (using both the Self Concept Clarity Scale and Self Concept and Identity Measure), implicit self-prioritisation in a shape-label matching task (for both reaction time and sensitivity) and measurement of traits for five psychiatric conditions (autism, borderline personality disorder, schizophrenia, depression and anxiety). We first test whether self-cognitive measures within and across domains are correlated within individuals. We then test whether these dimensions of self-cognition support a binary distinction between psychiatric conditions that either are or are not characterised in terms of self, or whether they support self-cognition as transdiagnostically predictive of the traits associated with psychiatric conditions. To do this we run a series of planned correlations, regressions, and direct correlation comparison statistics. Results Results show that implicit self-prioritisation measures were not correlated with the explicit self-concept measures nor the psychiatric trait measures. In contrast, all the psychiatric traits scores were predicted, to varying degrees, by poorer explicit self-concept quality. Specifically, borderline personality disorder traits were significantly more strongly associated with composite explicit self-concept measures than any of depression, anxiety, or autism traits scores were. Conclusions Our results suggest that selves can differ considerably, along different cognitive dimensions. Further, our results show that self-cognition may be a promising feature to include in future dimensional characterisations of psychiatric conditions, but care should be taken to choose relevant self-cognitive domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey Perrykkad
- Cognition and Philosophy Lab, Philosophy Department, School of Philosophical, Historical and International Studies, Monash University, 29 Ancora Imparo Way, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia.
| | - Jakob Hohwy
- Cognition and Philosophy Lab, Philosophy Department, School of Philosophical, Historical and International Studies, Monash University, 29 Ancora Imparo Way, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia.,Monash Centre for Consciousness & Contemplative Studies, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
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22
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Weng Y, Lin J, Ahorsu DK, Tsang HWH. Neuropathways of theory of mind in schizophrenia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 137:104625. [PMID: 35339482 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social cognition is significantly associated with daily functioning in patients with schizophrenia. Its neural basis remains unknown. METHODS A systematic literature search was performed. Studies using imaging to measure theory of mind (ToM) in schizophrenia were identified. Imaging data were synthesized using the seed-based d mapping approach. Potential neuropathways were hypothesized based on the identified brain regions activated during ToM tasks. RESULTS A total of 25 studies were included in the present study. Compared with healthy people, patients with schizophrenia showed hyperactivations in superior longitudinal fasciculus II and hypoactivations in superior frontal gyrus, precuneus and cuneus, and precentral gyrus during ToM tasks. The primary brain regions involved in the potential neuropathways in schizophrenia were the middle temporal gyrus, superior and inferior frontal gyrus, and supplementary motor areas. CONCLUSION Deactivated brain regions in schizophrenia overlapped with the default mode and salience networks. Our findings shed light on how to develop a diagnostic tool for deficits in social cognition using neuroimaging techniques and effective therapeutic interventions to rectify dysfunction in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiting Weng
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingxia Lin
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, People's Republic of China; Mental Health Research Centre, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, People's Republic of China
| | - Daniel Kwasi Ahorsu
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, People's Republic of China
| | - Hector W H Tsang
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, People's Republic of China; Mental Health Research Centre, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, People's Republic of China.
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23
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Adam Yaple Z, Tolomeo S, Yu R. Spatial and chronic differences in neural activity in medicated and unmedicated schizophrenia patients. Neuroimage Clin 2022; 35:103029. [PMID: 35569228 PMCID: PMC9112098 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2022.103029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The medicated schizophrenia group yielded concordant activity among three right lateralized frontal clusters and a left lateralized parietal cluster. The unmedicated schizophrenia group yielded concordant activity among right lateralized frontal-parietal regions. A neural compensatory mechanism in schizophrenia.
A major caveat with investigations on schizophrenic patients is the difficulty to control for medication usage across samples as disease-related neural differences may be confounded by medication usage. Following a thorough literature search (632 records identified), we included 37 studies with a total of 740 medicated schizophrenia patients and 367 unmedicated schizophrenia patients. Here, we perform several meta-analyses to assess the neurofunctional differences between medicated and unmedicated schizophrenic patients across fMRI studies to determine systematic regions associated with medication usage. Several clusters identified by the meta-analysis on the medicated group include three right lateralized frontal clusters and a left lateralized parietal cluster, whereas the unmedicated group yielded concordant activity among right lateralized frontal-parietal regions. We further explored the prevalence of activity within these regions across illness duration and task type. These findings suggest a neural compensatory mechanism across these regions both spatially and chronically, offering new insight into the spatial and temporal dynamic neural differences among medicated and unmedicated schizophrenia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Serenella Tolomeo
- Social and Cognitive Computing Department, Institute of High Performance Computing, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rongjun Yu
- Department of Management, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; Department of Physics, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
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24
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Richey JA, Gracanin D, LaConte S, Lisinski J, Kim I, Coffman M, Antezana L, Carlton CN, Garcia KM, White SW. Neural Mechanisms of Facial Emotion Recognition in Autism: Distinct Roles for Anterior Cingulate and dlPFC. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL FOR THE SOCIETY OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY, AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION, DIVISION 53 2022; 51:323-343. [PMID: 35476602 PMCID: PMC9177800 DOI: 10.1080/15374416.2022.2051528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study sought to measure and internally validate neural markers of facial emotion recognition (FER) in adolescents and young adults with ASD to inform targeted intervention. METHOD We utilized fMRI to measure patterns of brain activity among individuals with ASD (N = 21) and matched controls (CON; N = 20) 2 s prior to judgments about the identity of six distinct facial emotions (happy, sad, angry, surprised, fearful, disgust). RESULTS Predictive modeling of fMRI data (support vector classification; SVC) identified mechanistic roles for brain regions that forecasted correct and incorrect identification of facial emotion as well as sources of errors over these decisions. BOLD signal activation in bilateral insula, anterior cingulate (ACC) and right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) preceded accurate FER in both controls and ASD. Predictive modeling utilizing SVC confirmed the utility of ACC in forecasting correct decisions in controls but not ASD, and further indicated that a region within the right dlPFC was the source of a type 1 error signal in ASD (i.e. neural marker reflecting an impending correct judgment followed by an incorrect behavioral response) approximately two seconds prior to emotion judgments during fMRI. CONCLUSIONS ACC forecasted correct decisions only among control participants. Right dlPFC was the source of a false-positive signal immediately prior to an error about the nature of a facial emotion in adolescents and young adults with ASD, potentially consistent with prior work indicating that dlPFC may play a role in attention to and regulation of emotional experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A. Richey
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Tech. 109 Williams Hall, MC0436, Blacksburg, VA 24061
- Address correspondence by , or by surface John A. Richey, MC0436, 109 Williams Hall, Dept. of Psychology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061. Phone: 540.231.1463, Fax: 540.231.3562
| | - Denis Gracanin
- Department of Computer Science, Virginia Tech. 2202 Kraft Drive, Room 1135, Blacksburg VA 24060
| | - Stephen LaConte
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion. 2 Riverside Circle Roanoke, VA 24016
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech
| | - Jonathan Lisinski
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion. 2 Riverside Circle Roanoke, VA 24016
| | - Inyoung Kim
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion. 2 Riverside Circle Roanoke, VA 24016
- Department of Statistics, Hutcheson Hall, RM 406-A Virginia Tech. Blacksburg, VA 24061
| | - Marika Coffman
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Tech. 109 Williams Hall, MC0436, Blacksburg, VA 24061
- Duke University Center for Autism and Brain Development. 2608 Erwin Rd, Suite 300 b
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27701Durham, NC 27705
| | - Ligia Antezana
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Tech. 109 Williams Hall, MC0436, Blacksburg, VA 24061
| | - Corinne N. Carlton
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Tech. 109 Williams Hall, MC0436, Blacksburg, VA 24061
| | - Katelyn M. Garcia
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Tech. 109 Williams Hall, MC0436, Blacksburg, VA 24061
| | - Susan W. White
- Center for Youth Development and Intervention, McMillan Building 101-F, University of Alabama. Tuscaloosa, AL 35487
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25
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Ohi K, Ishibashi M, Torii K, Hashimoto M, Yano Y, Shioiri T. Differences in subcortical brain volumes among patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder and healthy controls. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2022; 47:E77-E85. [PMID: 35232800 PMCID: PMC8896343 DOI: 10.1503/jpn.210144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder have an overlapping polygenic architecture and clinical similarities, although the 2 disorders are distinct diagnoses with clinical dissimilarities. It remains unclear whether there are specific differences in subcortical volumes between schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, and whether the subcortical differences are affected by any clinical characteristics. We investigated differences in subcortical volumes bilaterally among patients with schizophrenia, patients with bipolar disorder and healthy controls. We also investigated the influences of clinical characteristics on specific subcortical volumes in these patient groups. METHODS We collected 3 T T 1-weighted MRI brain scans from 413 participants (157 with schizophrenia, 51 with bipolar disorder and 205 controls) with a single scanner at a single institute. We used FreeSurfer version 6.0 for processing the T 1-weighted images to segment the following subcortical brain volumes: thalamus, caudate, putamen, globus pallidus, hippocampus, amygdala and nucleus accumbens. Differences in the 7 subcortical volumes were investigated among the groups. We also evaluated correlations between subcortical volumes and clinical variables in these patient groups. RESULTS Of 7 subcortical regions, patients with schizophrenia had significantly smaller volumes in the left thalamus (Cohen d = -0.29, p = 5.83 × 10-3), bilateral hippocampi (left, d = -0.36, p = 8.85 × 10-4; right, d = -0.41, p = 1.15 × 10-4) and left amygdala (d = -0.31, p = 4.02 × 10-3) than controls. Compared with controls, patients with bipolar disorder had bilateral reductions only in the hippocampal volumes (left, d = -0.52, p = 1.12 × 10-3; right, d = -0.58, p = 0.30 × 10-4). We also found that patients with schizophrenia had significantly smaller volumes in the bilateral amygdalae (left, d = -0.43, p = 4.22 × 10-3; right, d = -0.45, p = 4.56 × 10-3) than patients with bipolar disorder. We did not find any significant volumetric differences in the other 6 subcortical structures between patient groups (p > 0.05). Smaller left amygdalar volumes were significantly correlated with younger onset age only in patients with schizophrenia (r = 0.22, p = 5.78 × 10-3). LIMITATIONS We did not evaluate the differences in subcortical volumes between patients stratified based on clinical bipolar disorder subtype and a history of psychotic episodes because our sample size of patients with bipolar disorder was limited. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that volumetric differences in the amygdala between patients with schizophrenia and those with bipolar disorder may be a putative biomarker for distinguishing 2 clinically similar diagnoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazutaka Ohi
- From the Department of Psychiatry, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan (Ohi, Shioiri); the Department of General Internal Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan (Ohi); and the School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan (Ishibashi, Torii, Hashimoto, Yano)
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26
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Csulak T, Hajnal A, Kiss S, Dembrovszky F, Varjú-Solymár M, Sipos Z, Kovács MA, Herold M, Varga E, Hegyi P, Tényi T, Herold R. Implicit Mentalizing in Patients With Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Psychol 2022; 13:790494. [PMID: 35185724 PMCID: PMC8847732 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.790494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mentalizing is a key aspect of social cognition. Several researchers assume that mentalization has two systems, an explicit one (conscious, relatively slow, flexible, verbal, inferential) and an implicit one (unconscious, automatic, fast, non-verbal, intuitive). In schizophrenia, several studies have confirmed the deficit of explicit mentalizing, but little data are available on non-explicit mentalizing. However, increasing research activity can be detected recently in implicit mentalizing. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to summarize the existing results of implicit mentalizing in schizophrenia. METHODS A systematic search was performed in four major databases: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Web of Science. Eleven publications were selected. Five studies were found to be eligible for quantitative synthesis, and 9 studies were included in qualitative synthesis. RESULTS The meta-analysis revealed significantly lower accuracy, slower reaction time during implicit mentalizing in patients with schizophrenia. The systematic review found different brain activation pattern, further alterations in visual scanning, cue fixation, face looking time, and difficulties in perspective taking. DISCUSSION Overall, in addition to the deficit of explicit mentalization, implicit mentalization performance is also affected in schizophrenia, if not to the same extent. It seems likely that some elements of implicit mentalization might be relatively unaffected (e.g., detection of intentionality), but the effectiveness is limited by certain neurocognitive deficits. These alterations in implicit mentalizing can also have potential therapeutic consequences.Systematic Review Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier: CRD42021231312.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timea Csulak
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,Doctoral School of Clinical Neurosciences, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - András Hajnal
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Szabolcs Kiss
- Medical School, Institute for Translational Medicine, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Fanni Dembrovszky
- Medical School, Institute for Translational Medicine, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Margit Varjú-Solymár
- Medical School, Institute for Translational Medicine, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Sipos
- Medical School, Institute for Translational Medicine, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Márton Aron Kovács
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,Doctoral School of Clinical Neurosciences, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Márton Herold
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,Doctoral School of Clinical Neurosciences, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Eszter Varga
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Péter Hegyi
- Medical School, Institute for Translational Medicine, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Tamás Tényi
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Róbert Herold
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
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27
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Valizadeh A, Mbwogge M, Rasouli Yazdi A, Hedayati Amlashi N, Haadi A, Shayestefar M, Moassefi M. The mirror mechanism in schizophrenia: A systematic review and qualitative meta-analysis. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:884828. [PMID: 36213922 PMCID: PMC9532849 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.884828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mirror neuron system (MNS) consists of visuomotor neurons that are responsible for the mirror neuron activity (MNA), meaning that each time an individual observes another individual performing an action, these neurons encode that action, and are activated in the observer's cortical motor system. Previous studies report its malfunction in autism, opening doors to investigate the underlying pathophysiology of the disorder in a more elaborate way and coming up with new rehabilitation methods. The study of MNA function in schizophrenia patients has not been as frequent and conclusive as in autism. In this research, we aimed to evaluate the functional integrity of MNA and the microstructural integrity of MNS in schizophrenia patients. METHODS We included case-control studies that have evaluated MNA in schizophrenia patients compared to healthy controls using a variety of objective assessment tools. In August 2022, we searched Embase, PubMed, and Web of Science for eligible studies. We used an adapted version of the NIH Quality Assessment of Case-Control Studies tool to assess the quality of the included studies. Evidence was analyzed using vote counting methods of the direction of the effect and was tested statistically using the Sign test. Certainty of evidence was assessed using CERQual. RESULTS We included 32 studies for the analysis. Statistical tests revealed decreased MNA (p = 0.002) in schizophrenia patients. The certainty of the evidence was judged to be moderate. Investigations of heterogeneity revealed a possible relationship between the age and the positive symptoms of participants in the included studies and the direction of the observed effect. DISCUSSION This finding contributes to gaining a better understanding of the underlying pathophysiology of the disorder by revealing its possible relation to some of the symptoms in schizophrenia patients, while also highlighting a new commonality with autism. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO identifier: CRD42021236453.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Valizadeh
- Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | | | - Ainaaz Haadi
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Monir Shayestefar
- Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mana Moassefi
- Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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28
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Martinez AP, Wickham S, Rowse G, Milne E, Bentall RP. Robust association between autistic traits and psychotic-like experiences in the adult general population: epidemiological study from the 2007 Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey and replication with the 2014 APMS. Psychol Med 2021; 51:2707-2713. [PMID: 32441234 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291720001373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have shown that there are overlapping traits and symptoms between autism and psychosis but no study to date has addressed this association from an epidemiological approach in the adult general population. Furthermore, it is not clear whether autistic traits are associated with specific symptoms of psychosis or with psychosis in general. We assess these associations for the first time by using the Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey (APMS) 2007 and the APMS 2014, predicting an association between autistic traits and probable psychosis, and specific associations between autistic traits and paranoia and strange experiences. METHODS Participants (N = 7353 in 2007 and 7500 in 2014) completed the Psychosis Screening Questionnaire (PSQ) and a 20-item version of the Autism Quotient (AQ-20). Binomial logistic regressions were performed using AQ-20 as the independent variable and probable psychosis and specific symptoms as dependent variables. RESULTS In the APMS 2007 dataset, significant associations were found between autism traits and probable psychosis, paranoia, thought insertion, and strange experiences. These results were replicated in APMS 2014 but with the additional significant association between autistic traits and hallucinations. Participants in the highest quartile of the AQ-20, compared with the lowest quartile, had an increased risk of probable psychosis of odds ratio (OR) = 15.5 [95% confidence interval (CI) 4.57-52.6] in APMS 2007 and OR = 22.5 (95% CI 7.64-66.3) in APMS 2014. CONCLUSIONS Autistic traits are strongly associated with probable psychosis and psychotic experiences with the exception of mania. Limitations such as the cross-sectional nature of the study are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton P Martinez
- Psychology Department, The University of Sheffield, Cathedral Court, Sheffield S1 2LT, UK
| | - Sophie Wickham
- Department of Public Health and Policy, University of Liverpool, Waterhouse Building Block F, Liverpool L69 3GL, UK
| | - Georgina Rowse
- Psychology Department, The University of Sheffield, Cathedral Court, Sheffield S1 2LT, UK
| | - Elizabeth Milne
- Psychology Department, The University of Sheffield, Cathedral Court, Sheffield S1 2LT, UK
| | - Richard P Bentall
- Psychology Department, The University of Sheffield, Cathedral Court, Sheffield S1 2LT, UK
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29
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Klock L, Voss M, Weichenberger M, Kathmann N, Kühn S. The Thought From the Machine: Neural Basis of Thoughts With a Coherent and Diminished Sense of Authorship. Schizophr Bull 2021; 47:1631-1641. [PMID: 34387697 PMCID: PMC8530403 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbab074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Patients with schizophrenia who experience inserted thoughts report a diminished sense of thought authorship. Based on its elusive neural basis, this functional neuroimaging study used a novel setup to convince healthy participants that a technical device triggers thoughts in their stream of consciousness. Self-reports indicate that participants experienced their thoughts as self-generated when they believed the (fake) device was deactivated, and attributed their thoughts externally when they believed the device was activated-an experience usually only reported by patients diagnosed with schizophrenia. Distinct activations in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) were observed: ventral mPFC activation was linked to a sense of thought authorship and dorsal mPFC activation to a diminished sense of thought authorship. This functional differentiation corresponds to research on self- and other-oriented reflection processes and on patients with schizophrenia who show abnormal mPFC activation. Results thus support the notion that the mPFC might be involved in thought authorship as well as anomalous self-experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie Klock
- Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Clinic and Policlinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinic Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martin Voss
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité University Medicine and St. Hedwig-Krankenhaus, Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus Weichenberger
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
| | - Norbert Kathmann
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Simone Kühn
- Clinic and Policlinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinic Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Lise Meitner Group for Environmental Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
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30
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Deste G, Vita A, Nibbio G, Barlati S, Penn DL, Pinkham AE, Harvey PD. Autistic symptoms in people with schizophrenia: Neurocognitive, socio-cognitive, clinical and real-world functional characteristics of individuals without autistic features. Schizophr Res 2021; 236:12-18. [PMID: 34364032 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2021.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) symptoms are frequent in people living with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) and have a relevant impact on their daily life. However, current literature is mostly focused on investigating correlates of high levels of ASD symptoms, leaving largely unexplored the clinical, neurocognitive, socio-cognitive and functional characterization of individuals with minimal or absent ASD symptoms, which may represent a peculiar sub-population. METHODS A total of 361 patients (mean age 41.7 years; 117 females) included in the SCOPE study were assessed with clinical, neurocognitive, socio-cognitive, functional capacity, social skills and real-world functioning measures. The severity of ASD symptoms was assessed with the PANSS Autism Severity Scale (PAUSS): individuals with a PAUSS score < 10 were considered without significant ASD symptoms. RESULTS Seventy-two (19.95%) participants had no significant ASD symptoms and presented a less severe clinical status, as well as a better cognitive and socio-cognitive performance and functional profile. Lower non-autistic SSD symptoms severity and better social skills, functional capacity, global cognitive and Theory of Mind/Mental State Attribution (as measured by the Hinting task) performance and real-world social relationships emerged as predictors of non-ASD symptoms status in the logistic regression analyses. CONCLUSION Individuals without ASD symptoms represent a minority of people diagnosed with SSD that appears to be characterized by specific correlates, resulting in a less severe situation and more positive outcomes. As these factors could have a relevant impact on treatment response, assessing the severity of ASD symptoms could be an important step required to define a personalized treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Deste
- Department of Mental Health and Addiction Services, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
| | - Antonio Vita
- Department of Mental Health and Addiction Services, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
| | - Gabriele Nibbio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Stefano Barlati
- Department of Mental Health and Addiction Services, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - David L Penn
- Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America; School of Psychology, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Amy E Pinkham
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States of America; Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, TX, United States of America.
| | - Philip D Harvey
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States of America; Research Service, Miami VA Healthcare System, United States of America.
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31
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Arioli M, Cattaneo Z, Ricciardi E, Canessa N. Overlapping and specific neural correlates for empathizing, affective mentalizing, and cognitive mentalizing: A coordinate-based meta-analytic study. Hum Brain Mapp 2021; 42:4777-4804. [PMID: 34322943 PMCID: PMC8410528 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
While the discussion on the foundations of social understanding mainly revolves around the notions of empathy, affective mentalizing, and cognitive mentalizing, their degree of overlap versus specificity is still unclear. We took a meta-analytic approach to unveil the neural bases of cognitive mentalizing, affective mentalizing, and empathy, both in healthy individuals and pathological conditions characterized by social deficits such as schizophrenia and autism. We observed partially overlapping networks for cognitive and affective mentalizing in the medial prefrontal, posterior cingulate, and lateral temporal cortex, while empathy mainly engaged fronto-insular, somatosensory, and anterior cingulate cortex. Adjacent process-specific regions in the posterior lateral temporal, ventrolateral, and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex might underpin a transition from abstract representations of cognitive mental states detached from sensory facets to emotionally-charged representations of affective mental states. Altered mentalizing-related activity involved distinct sectors of the posterior lateral temporal cortex in schizophrenia and autism, while only the latter group displayed abnormal empathy related activity in the amygdala. These data might inform the design of rehabilitative treatments for social cognitive deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Arioli
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Zaira Cattaneo
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.,IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Nicola Canessa
- ICoN center, Scuola Universitaria Superiore IUSS, Pavia, Italy.,Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory of Pavia Institute, Pavia, Italy
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Pharmacological Treatment for Social Cognition: Current Evidence. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147457. [PMID: 34299076 PMCID: PMC8307511 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive impairment is currently considered a core feature of schizophrenia (SZ) and is gaining attention as a fundamental therapeutic target. Standard treatment for SZ involves the use of antipsychotics that are successfully used to control positive symptoms and disorganized behaviour. However, it is still unclear whether they are effective on social cognition (SC) impairment. Furthermore, different medications are currently being studied to improve SC in patients with SZ. A literature search on this topic was conducted using the PubMed database. All kinds of publications (i.e., reviews, original contributions and case reports) written in English and published in the last 15 years were included. The aim of our literature review is to draw a picture of the current state of the pharmacological treatment of SC impairment in SZ.
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33
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Feng S, Huang H, Wang N, Wei Y, Liu Y, Qin D. Sleep Disorders in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder: Insights From Animal Models, Especially Non-human Primate Model. Front Behav Neurosci 2021; 15:673372. [PMID: 34093147 PMCID: PMC8173056 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2021.673372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder with deficient social skills, communication deficits and repetitive behaviors. The prevalence of ASD has increased among children in recent years. Children with ASD experience more sleep problems, and sleep appears to be essential for the survival and integrity of most living organisms, especially for typical synaptic development and brain plasticity. Many methods have been used to assess sleep problems over past decades such as sleep diaries and parent-reported questionnaires, electroencephalography, actigraphy and videosomnography. A substantial number of rodent and non-human primate models of ASD have been generated. Many of these animal models exhibited sleep disorders at an early age. The aim of this review is to examine and discuss sleep disorders in children with ASD. Toward this aim, we evaluated the prevalence, clinical characteristics, phenotypic analyses, and pathophysiological brain mechanisms of ASD. We highlight the current state of animal models for ASD and explore their implications and prospects for investigating sleep disorders associated with ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shufei Feng
- Department of Pediatric Rehabilitation Medicine, Kunming Children’s Hospital, Kunming, China
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Haoyu Huang
- Department of Pediatric Rehabilitation Medicine, Kunming Children’s Hospital, Kunming, China
| | - Na Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wei
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Yun Liu
- Department of Pediatric Rehabilitation Medicine, Kunming Children’s Hospital, Kunming, China
| | - Dongdong Qin
- Department of Pediatric Rehabilitation Medicine, Kunming Children’s Hospital, Kunming, China
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
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Kronbichler L, Stelzig-Schöler R, Lenger M, Weber S, Pearce BG, Reich LA, Aichhorn W, Kronbichler M. Preserved intention understanding during moral judgments in schizophrenia. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251180. [PMID: 34010340 PMCID: PMC8133419 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although there is convincing evidence for socio-cognitive impairments in schizophrenia spectrum disorder (SSD), little evidence is found for deficient moral cognition. We investigated whether patients with SSD showed altered moral judgments in a story task where the protagonist either had a neutral or malicious intention towards another person. This paradigm examined whether SSD relates to altered moral cognition in general or specifically to impaired integration of prior information (such as beliefs) in moral judgments. METHODS 23 patients and 32 healthy controls read vignettes created in a 2 x 2 design. The protagonist in each story either had a neutral or negative intention towards another person which, as a result, either died (negative outcome) or did not die (neutral outcome). Participants rated the moral permissibility of the protagonist's action. Standard null hypothesis significance testing and equivalent Bayes analyses are reported. RESULTS Schizophrenia patients did not differ significantly in permissibility ratings from healthy controls. This finding was supported by the Bayes analyses which favoured the null hypothesis. Task performance was not related to symptom severity or medication. CONCLUSIONS The current findings do not support the notion that moral judgments are deficient in schizophrenia. Furthermore, the current study shows that patients do not have observable difficulties in integrating the protagonist's belief in the rating of the moral permissibility of the action-outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Kronbichler
- Neuroscience Institute, Christian-Doppler University Hospital, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience and Department of Psychology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy & Psychosomatics, Christian-Doppler University Hospital, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Renate Stelzig-Schöler
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy & Psychosomatics, Christian-Doppler University Hospital, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Melanie Lenger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Stefanie Weber
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy & Psychosomatics, Christian-Doppler University Hospital, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Brandy-Gale Pearce
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy & Psychosomatics, Christian-Doppler University Hospital, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Luise-Antonia Reich
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Aichhorn
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy & Psychosomatics, Christian-Doppler University Hospital, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Martin Kronbichler
- Neuroscience Institute, Christian-Doppler University Hospital, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience and Department of Psychology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
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Vaquerizo-Serrano J, Salazar de Pablo G, Singh J, Santosh P. Autism Spectrum Disorder and Clinical High Risk for Psychosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Autism Dev Disord 2021; 52:1568-1586. [PMID: 33993403 PMCID: PMC8938385 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-021-05046-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Psychotic experiences can occur in autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Some of the ASD individuals with these experiences may fulfil Clinical High-Risk for Psychosis (CHR-P) criteria. A systematic literature search was performed to review the information on ASD and CHR-P. A meta-analysis of the proportion of CHR-P in ASD was conducted. The systematic review included 13 studies. The mean age of ASD individuals across the included studies was 11.09 years. The Attenuated Psychosis Syndrome subgroup was the most frequently reported. Four studies were meta-analysed, showing that 11.6% of CHR-P individuals have an ASD diagnosis. Symptoms of prodromal psychosis may be present in individuals with ASD. The transition from CHR-P to psychosis is not affected by ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Vaquerizo-Serrano
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK.,Centre for Interventional Paediatric Psychopharmacology and Rare Diseases (CIPPRD), National and Specialist Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services, Maudsley Hospital, London, UK.,Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-Detection (EPIC) Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Gonzalo Salazar de Pablo
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK.,Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-Detection (EPIC) Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Maranón, Universidad Complutense, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jatinder Singh
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK.,Centre for Interventional Paediatric Psychopharmacology and Rare Diseases (CIPPRD), National and Specialist Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services, Maudsley Hospital, London, UK
| | - Paramala Santosh
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK. .,Centre for Interventional Paediatric Psychopharmacology and Rare Diseases (CIPPRD), National and Specialist Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services, Maudsley Hospital, London, UK.
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Klein HS, Vanneste S, Pinkham AE. The limited effect of neural stimulation on visual attention and social cognition in individuals with schizophrenia. Neuropsychologia 2021; 157:107880. [PMID: 33961863 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2021.107880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research demonstrates a relationship between faulty visual attention and poorer social cognition in schizophrenia. One potential explanatory model suggests abnormal neuromodulation in specific neural networks may result in reduced attention to socially important cues, leading to poorer understanding of another's emotional state or intentions. OBJECTIVE The current study experimentally manipulated neural networks using tDCS to examine this potential causal mechanism. The primary aim was to determine whether stimulation to the right temporoparietal junction (rTPJ) improves visual attention, and secondary aims were to determine whether 1) stimulation improves social cognitive performance and 2) visual attention moderates this improved performance. METHOD Using a double-blind crossover design, 69 individuals with schizophrenia underwent both active and sham stimulation to either the rTPJ of the ventral attention network (n = 36) or the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex of the social brain network (dmPFC; n = 33). Following stimulation, participants completed tasks assessing emotion recognition and mentalizing. Concurrent eye tracking assessed visual attention, measuring proportion of time spent attending to areas of interest. RESULTS For emotion recognition, stimulation failed to impact either visual attention or social cognitive task accuracy. Similarly, neurostimulation failed to affect visual attention on the mentalizing task. However, exploratory analyses demonstrated that mentalizing accuracy significantly improved after stimulation to the active comparator, dmPFC, with no improvement after stimulation to rTPJ. CONCLUSION Results demonstrate limited effect of a single stimulation session on visual attention and emotion recognition accuracy but provide initial support for an alternate neural mechanism for mentalizing, highlighting the importance of executive functions over visual attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans S Klein
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA.
| | - Sven Vanneste
- Trinity College Institute for Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Amy E Pinkham
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, TX,, USA
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Mazza M, Pino MC, Keller R, Vagnetti R, Attanasio M, Filocamo A, Le Donne I, Masedu F, Valenti M. Qualitative Differences in Attribution of Mental States to Other People in Autism and Schizophrenia: What are the Tools for Differential Diagnosis? J Autism Dev Disord 2021; 52:1283-1298. [PMID: 33909212 PMCID: PMC8854268 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-021-05035-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The differential diagnosis between schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) and autism spectrum disorders (ASD) remains an important clinical question, because they have overlap in clinical diagnosis. This study explored the differences between ASD (n = 44) and SSD patients (n = 59), compared to typically developing peers (n = 63), in completing an advanced Theory of Mind (ToM) task. The outcome found several differences between groups. The SSD patients showed greater difficulty in understanding social scenarios, while ASD individuals understood the stories, but did not correctly identify the protagonist’s intention. The interesting aspect of the results is that some ToM stories are more informative about the mentalistic reasoning of the two clinical groups, namely, the stories that investigate pretend, persuasion, double bluff and ironic joke constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Mazza
- Department of Applied Clinical Sciences and Biotechnology, University of L’Aquila, Via Vetoio, Località Coppito, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
- Reference Centre for Autism of the Abruzzo Region, Local Health Unit ASL 1, L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Pino
- Department of Applied Clinical Sciences and Biotechnology, University of L’Aquila, Via Vetoio, Località Coppito, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
- Reference Centre for Autism of the Abruzzo Region, Local Health Unit ASL 1, L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Roberto Keller
- Reference Centre for Adult Autism of the Piemonte Region, DSM Local Health Unit ASL Città di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Roberto Vagnetti
- Department of Applied Clinical Sciences and Biotechnology, University of L’Aquila, Via Vetoio, Località Coppito, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Margherita Attanasio
- Department of Applied Clinical Sciences and Biotechnology, University of L’Aquila, Via Vetoio, Località Coppito, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
- Reference Centre for Autism of the Abruzzo Region, Local Health Unit ASL 1, L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Angela Filocamo
- Reference Centre for Autism of the Abruzzo Region, Local Health Unit ASL 1, L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Ilenia Le Donne
- Reference Centre for Autism of the Abruzzo Region, Local Health Unit ASL 1, L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Francesco Masedu
- Department of Applied Clinical Sciences and Biotechnology, University of L’Aquila, Via Vetoio, Località Coppito, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Marco Valenti
- Department of Applied Clinical Sciences and Biotechnology, University of L’Aquila, Via Vetoio, Località Coppito, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
- Reference Centre for Autism of the Abruzzo Region, Local Health Unit ASL 1, L’Aquila, Italy
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Ilzarbe D, Baeza I, de la Serna E, Fortea A, Valli I, Puig O, Masias M, Borras R, Pariente JC, Dolz M, Castro-Fornieles J, Sugranyes G. Theory of mind performance and prefrontal connectivity in adolescents at clinical high risk for psychosis. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2021; 48:100940. [PMID: 33721828 PMCID: PMC7970321 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2021.100940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Onset of psychosis was linked to a lack of age-related improvement in theory of mind. Reduced prefrontal connectivity preceded onset of psychosis in high risk youth. High risk youth with lower prefrontal connectivity were at greatest risk of psychosis.
Theory of mind(ToM) impairment is a key feature of psychotic disorders and has been documented in individuals at clinical high-risk for psychosis (CHR), suggesting that it may predate illness onset. However, no study to date has examined brain functional correlates of ToM in individuals at CHR during adolescence. The “Reading-the-Mind-in-the-Eyes” test was used to measure ToM performance in 50 CHR youth, 15 of whom transitioned to psychosis (CHR-t) at follow-up (12 ± 6 months) and 36 healthy volunteers. Resting-state functional MRI was acquired to evaluate functional connectivity within the default mode network. Group by age interaction revealed an age-positive association in ToM performance in healthy volunteers, which was not present in adolescents at CHR-t. Intrinsic functional connectivity in the medial prefrontal cortex was reduced in adolescents at CHR-t relative to those who did not transition and to healthy volunteers. Survival analyses revealed that participants at CHR with lower medial prefrontal cortex connectivity were at greatest risk of developing psychosis at follow-up. We demonstrate that lack of age-related maturation of ToM and reduced medial prefrontal cortex connectivity both precede the onset of psychosis during adolescence. Medial prefrontal cortex connectivity holds potential as a brain-based marker for the early identification of transition to psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Ilzarbe
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, 2017SGR881, Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Baeza
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, 2017SGR881, Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena de la Serna
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, 2017SGR881, Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Adriana Fortea
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, 2017SGR881, Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabel Valli
- August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Olga Puig
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, 2017SGR881, Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mireia Masias
- August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roger Borras
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, 2017SGR881, Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose C Pariente
- August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Dolz
- Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Josefina Castro-Fornieles
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, 2017SGR881, Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Gisela Sugranyes
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, 2017SGR881, Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain.
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Tso IF, Angstadt M, Rutherford S, Peltier S, Diwadkar VA, Taylor SF. Dynamic causal modeling of eye gaze processing in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2021; 229:112-121. [PMID: 33229223 PMCID: PMC8324063 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2020.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abnormal eye gaze perception is related to symptoms and social functioning in schizophrenia. However, little is known about the brain network mechanisms underlying these abnormalities. Here, we employed dynamic causal modeling (DCM) of fMRI data to discover aberrant effective connectivity within networks associated with eye gaze processing in schizophrenia. METHODS Twenty-seven patients (schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder, SZ) and 22 healthy controls (HC) completed an eye gaze processing task during fMRI. Participants viewed faces with different gaze angles and performed explicit gaze discrimination (Gaze: "Looking at you?" yes/no) or implicit gaze processing (Gender: "male or female?"). Four brain regions, the secondary visual cortex (Vis), posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS), inferior parietal lobule (IPL), and posterior medial frontal cortex (pMFC) were identified as nodes for subsequent DCM analysis. RESULTS SZ and HC showed similar generative model structure, but SZ showed altered connectivity for specific self-connections, inter-regional connections during all gaze processing (reduced excitatory bottom-up and enhanced inhibitory top-down connections), and modulation by explicit gaze discrimination (increased frontal inhibition of visual cortex). Altered effective connectivity was significantly associated with poorer social cognition and functioning. CONCLUSIONS General gaze processing in SZ is associated with distributed cortical dysfunctions and bidirectional connectivity between regions, while explicit gaze discrimination involves predominantly top-down abnormalities in the visual system. These results suggest plausible neural mechanisms underpinning gaze processing deficits and may serve as bio-markers for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivy F. Tso
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor,Address correspondence to Ivy Tso, Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, 4250 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, U.S.A.
| | - Mike Angstadt
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | | | - Scott Peltier
- Functional MRI Laboratory, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
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Sayar-Akaslan D, Baskak B, Kir Y, Kusman A, Yalcinkaya B, Çakmak IB, Munir K. Cortical activity measured by functional near infrared spectroscopy during a theory of mind task in subjects with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and healthy controls. J Affect Disord 2021; 282:329-339. [PMID: 33421860 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.12.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Theory of Mind (ToM) deficits interfere in social cognitive functioning in schizophrenia (SCZ) and are increasingly recognized to do so in bipolar disorder (BD), however their clinical and neurobiological correlates remain unclear. This study represents the first direct comparison of subjects with SCZ (N = 26), BD (N = 26) and healthy controls (N = 33) in cortical activity during the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Task (RMET) using functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) with the control condition (CC) involving gender identification via the same stimuli. The three groups were compared with a comprehensive ToM battery and assessed in terms of the relationship of ToM performance with clinical symptoms, insight and functioning. The controls scored higher than the SCZ and BD groups in ToM assessments, with SCZ group showing the worse performance in terms of meta-representation and empathy. The SCZ group ToM scores inversely correlated with negative symptom severity and positively correlated with insight; BD group ToM scores negatively correlated with subclinical mania symptoms and projected functioning. Cortical activity was higher during the ToM condition compared to the CC in the pre-motor and supplementary-motor cortices, middle and superior temporal gyri, and the primary somatosensory cortex. Group x Condition interaction was detected whereby activity was higher during the ToM condition among controls with no detected difference between SCZ and BD groups. The results suggest that ToM is represented similarly in cortical activity in SCZ and BD compared to healthy controls pointing to possible neurobiological convergence of SCZ and BD in underlying impairments of social cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damla Sayar-Akaslan
- Ankara University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Ankara University Brain Research Center (AUBAUM), Ankara, Turkey
| | - Bora Baskak
- Ankara University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Ankara University Brain Research Center (AUBAUM), Ankara, Turkey; Neuroscience and Neurotechnology Center of Excellence, NÖROM, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Yagmur Kir
- Ankara University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Ankara University Brain Research Center (AUBAUM), Ankara, Turkey
| | - Adnan Kusman
- Ankara University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Ankara University Brain Research Center (AUBAUM), Ankara, Turkey
| | - Busra Yalcinkaya
- Ankara University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Ankara University Brain Research Center (AUBAUM), Ankara, Turkey
| | - Işık Batuhan Çakmak
- University of Health Sciences, Ankara City Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Turkey
| | - Kerim Munir
- Harvard Medical School, Developmental Medicine Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, USA
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41
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Oliver LD, Moxon-Emre I, Lai MC, Grennan L, Voineskos AN, Ameis SH. Social Cognitive Performance in Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders Compared With Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review, Meta-analysis, and Meta-regression. JAMA Psychiatry 2021; 78:281-292. [PMID: 33291141 PMCID: PMC7724568 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2020.3908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSDs) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) both feature social cognitive deficits; however, these disorders historically have been examined separately using a range of tests and subdomain focus and at different time points in the life span. Moving beyond diagnostic categories and characterizing social cognitive deficits can enhance understanding of shared pathways across these disorders. OBJECTIVE To investigate how deficits in social cognitive domains diverge or overlap between SSDs and ASD based on the extant literature. DATA SOURCES Literature searches were conducted in MEDLINE, PsycInfo, Embase, and Web of Science from database inception until July 26, 2020. STUDY SELECTION Original research articles were selected that reported performance-based measures of social cognition in both SSDs and ASD samples. Selected articles also had to be published in English and use International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision, DSM-IV, or more recent diagnostic criteria. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses and Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology reporting guidelines, including data extraction and quality assessment using a modified version of the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Data were pooled using a random-effects model. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Effect sizes were calculated as Hedges g (SSDs vs ASD). The primary outcomes were performance on emotion processing tasks, theory of mind (ToM) tasks, and the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (RMET) in SSDs compared with ASD. Meta-regressions were performed for age difference, publication year, quality assessment scores, and antipsychotic medication use. RESULTS Of the 4175 screened articles, 36 studies directly comparing social cognitive performance in individuals with SSDs vs ASD were included in the qualitative analysis (n = 1212 for SSDs groups and n = 1109 for ASD groups), and 33 studies were included in the quantitative analyses (n = 1113 for SSDs groups and n = 1015 for ASD groups). Most study participants were male (number of studies [k] = 36, 72% [878 of 1212] in SSDs groups and 82% [907 of 1109] in ASD groups), and age (k = 35) was older in SSDs groups (mean [SD], 28.4 [9.5] years) than in ASD groups (mean [SD], 23.3 [7.6] years). Included studies highlighted the prevalence of small, male-predominant samples and a paucity of cross-disorder clinical measures. The meta-analyses revealed no statistically significant differences between SSDs and ASD on emotion processing measures (k = 15; g = 0.12 [95% CI, -0.07 to 0.30]; P = .21; I2 = 51.0%; 1 outlier excluded), ToM measures (k = 17; g = -0.01 [95% CI, -0.21 to 0.19]; P = .92; I2 = 56.5%; 1 outlier excluded), or the RMET (k = 13; g = 0.25 [95% CI, -0.04 to 0.53]; P = .10; I2 = 75.3%). However, SSDs vs ASD performance differences between studies were statistically significantly heterogeneous, which was only minimally explained by potential moderators. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this analysis, similar levels of social cognitive impairment were present, on average, in individuals with SSDs and ASD. Cross-disorder studies of social cognition, including larger samples, consensus batteries, and consistent reporting of measures, as well as data across multiple levels of analysis, are needed to help identify subgroups within and across disorders that may be more homogeneous in etiology and treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay D. Oliver
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Iska Moxon-Emre
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Meng-Chuan Lai
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom,Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Laura Grennan
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aristotle N. Voineskos
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephanie H. Ameis
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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42
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Sugiyama S, Ohi K, Kuramitsu A, Takai K, Muto Y, Taniguchi T, Kinukawa T, Takeuchi N, Motomura E, Nishihara M, Shioiri T, Inui K. The Auditory Steady-State Response: Electrophysiological Index for Sensory Processing Dysfunction in Psychiatric Disorders. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:644541. [PMID: 33776820 PMCID: PMC7991095 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.644541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensory processing is disrupted in several psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and autism spectrum disorder. In this review, we focus on the electrophysiological auditory steady-state response (ASSR) driven by high-frequency stimulus trains as an index for disease-associated sensory processing deficits. The ASSR amplitude is suppressed within the gamma band (≥30 Hz) among these patients, suggesting an imbalance between GABAergic and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-mediated neurotransmission. The reduced power and synchronization of the 40-Hz ASSR are robust in patients with schizophrenia. In recent years, similar ASSR deficits at gamma frequencies have also been reported in patients with bipolar disorder and autism spectrum disorder. We summarize ASSR abnormalities in each of these psychiatric disorders and suggest that the observed commonalities reflect shared pathophysiological mechanisms. We reviewed studies on phase resetting in which a salient sensory stimulus affects ASSR. Phase resetting induces the reduction of both the amplitude and phase of ASSR. Moreover, phase resetting is also affected by rare auditory stimulus patterns or superimposed stimuli of other modalities. Thus, sensory memory and multisensory integration can be investigated using phase resetting of ASSR. Here, we propose that ASSR amplitude, phase, and resetting responses are sensitive indices for investigating sensory processing dysfunction in psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Sugiyama
- Department of Psychiatry, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Ohi
- Department of Psychiatry, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Ayumi Kuramitsu
- Department of Psychiatry, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Kentaro Takai
- Department of Psychiatry, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yukimasa Muto
- Department of Psychiatry, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Tomoya Taniguchi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Kinukawa
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | | | - Eishi Motomura
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Makoto Nishihara
- Multidisciplinary Pain Center, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Toshiki Shioiri
- Department of Psychiatry, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Koji Inui
- Departmernt of Functioning and Disability, Institute for Developmental Research, Kasugai, Japan
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43
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Dickinson A, Daniel M, Marin A, Gaonkar B, Dapretto M, McDonald NM, Jeste S. Multivariate Neural Connectivity Patterns in Early Infancy Predict Later Autism Symptoms. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY. COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2021; 6:59-69. [PMID: 32798139 PMCID: PMC7736067 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2020.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Functional brain connectivity is altered in children and adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Functional disruption during infancy could provide earlier markers of ASD, thus providing a crucial opportunity to improve developmental outcomes. Using a whole-brain multivariate approach, we asked whether electroencephalography measures of neural connectivity at 3 months of age predict autism symptoms at 18 months. METHODS Spontaneous electroencephalography data were collected from 65 infants with and without familial risk for ASD at 3 months of age. Neural connectivity patterns were quantified using phase coherence in the alpha range (6-12 Hz). Support vector regression analysis was used to predict ASD symptoms at age 18 months, with ASD symptoms quantified by the Toddler Module of the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, Second Edition. RESULTS Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule scores predicted by support vector regression algorithms trained on 3-month electroencephalography data correlated highly with Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule scores measured at 18 months (r = .76, p = .02, root-mean-square error = 2.38). Specifically, lower frontal connectivity and higher right temporoparietal connectivity at 3 months predicted higher ASD symptoms at 18 months. The support vector regression model did not predict cognitive abilities at 18 months (r = .15, p = .36), suggesting specificity of these brain patterns to ASD. CONCLUSIONS Using a data-driven, unbiased analytic approach, neural connectivity across frontal and temporoparietal regions at 3 months predicted ASD symptoms at 18 months. Identifying early neural differences that precede an ASD diagnosis could promote closer monitoring of infants who show signs of neural risk and provide a crucial opportunity to mediate outcomes through early intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Dickinson
- Semel Institute of Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California.
| | - Manjari Daniel
- Semel Institute of Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Andrew Marin
- Department of Psychology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Bilwaj Gaonkar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Mirella Dapretto
- Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Nicole M McDonald
- Semel Institute of Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Shafali Jeste
- Semel Institute of Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California
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44
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Ohtani T, Matsuo K, Sutoh C, Oshima F, Hirano Y, Wakabayashi A, Shimizu E. Reduced Brain Activation in Response to Social Cognition Tasks in Autism Spectrum Disorder with and without Depression. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2021; 17:3015-3024. [PMID: 34611402 PMCID: PMC8487275 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s327608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE In clinical settings, diagnosing comorbid depression in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is often difficult. Neuroimaging studies have reported reduced activation of frontal and temporal regions during emotional face recognition task (EFRT) in ASD and depression. However, to the best of our knowledge, no study has examined differences in frontotemporal activation during EFRT between ASD with and without comorbid depression. We aimed to compare the frontotemporal hemodynamic responses to the EFRT in ASD with and without depression and to find clues to help in discriminating the characteristics between them. PATIENTS AND METHODS In 24 drug-naïve young adults with ASD (12 with depression [ASD-Dep(+)] and 12 without depression [ASD-Dep(-)]) and 12 with typical development (TD), frontotemporal hemodynamic responses during an EFRT were measured using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). RESULTS The ASD groups showed reduced activation during EFRT than the TD group in the right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC). Moreover, the ASD-Dep(+) group showed reduced activation during EFRT than the ASD-Dep(-) group in the right anterior temporal cortex (aTC), and reduced activation than the TD group in the left VLPFC. CONCLUSION The observed results might reflect reduced regional activation in ASD and ASD with comorbid depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyuki Ohtani
- Safety and Health Organization, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.,Research Center for Child Mental Development, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.,United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University and University of Fukui, Suita, Japan
| | - Koji Matsuo
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Chihiro Sutoh
- Department of Cognitive Behavioral Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine and School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Fumiyo Oshima
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.,United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University and University of Fukui, Suita, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Hirano
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.,United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University and University of Fukui, Suita, Japan
| | - Akio Wakabayashi
- Department of Psychology,Graduate School of Humanities, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Eiji Shimizu
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.,United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University and University of Fukui, Suita, Japan.,Department of Cognitive Behavioral Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine and School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
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45
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Nakata Y, Kanahara N, Kimura A, Niitsu T, Komatsu H, Oda Y, Ishikawa M, Hasegawa T, Kamata Y, Yamauchi A, Inazumi K, Kimura H, Iyo M. Autistic traits and cognitive profiles of treatment-resistant schizophrenia. Schizophr Res Cogn 2020; 22:100186. [PMID: 32760657 PMCID: PMC7390750 DOI: 10.1016/j.scog.2020.100186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The complex pathophysiology of treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS) includes severe positive symptoms but also other symptom domains. The overlapping psychological profiles of schizophrenia and autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) are not established. We compared TRS patients (n = 30) with schizophrenia patients in remission (RemSZ, n = 28) and ASD patients (n = 28), focusing on both neurodevelopmental aspects and general and social cognitive impairments. The TRS group performed the worst on general neurocognition (measured by the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery) and social cognition (measured by the theory of mind and emotional expression). The RemSZ group performed the best among the three groups. Regarding autistic traits, all measurements by the Autism-Spectrum Quotient/Autism Screening Questionnaire/Pervasive Developmental Disorder Assessment Rating Scale showed that (1) the ASD patients had the highest autistic traits (2) the TRS patients' scores were less severe than the ASD group's, but (3) the overall trends placed the TRS group between the ASD and the RemSZ group. These findings indicate that TRS patients and remitted patients could have distinctive neurodevelopmental and cognitive profiles. Further, the degrees of social cognitive dysfunction and autistic traits in TRS patients could be close to those of ASD patients, suggesting similarities between TRS and ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Nakata
- Department of Psychiatry, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Nobuhisa Kanahara
- Department of Psychiatry, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
- Division of Medical Treatment and Rehabilitation, Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- Corresponding author at: Division of Medical Treatment and Rehabilitation, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuou-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.
| | - Atsushi Kimura
- Department of Psychiatry, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tomihisa Niitsu
- Department of Psychiatry, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hideki Komatsu
- Department of Psychiatry, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yasunori Oda
- Department of Psychiatry, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masatomo Ishikawa
- Department of Psychiatry, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tadashi Hasegawa
- Department of Psychiatry, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
- Palliative Care Center, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yu Kamata
- Department of Psychiatry, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Atsushi Yamauchi
- Department of Psychiatry, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry, Chiba Rosai Hospital, Ichihara, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Inazumi
- Department of Psychiatry, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kimura
- Department of Psychiatry, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry, Gakuji-kai Kimura Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masaomi Iyo
- Department of Psychiatry, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
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46
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Samaey C, Van der Donck S, van Winkel R, Boets B. Facial Expression Processing Across the Autism-Psychosis Spectra: A Review of Neural Findings and Associations With Adverse Childhood Events. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:592937. [PMID: 33281648 PMCID: PMC7691238 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.592937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and primary psychosis are classified as distinct neurodevelopmental disorders, yet they display overlapping epidemiological, environmental, and genetic components as well as endophenotypic similarities. For instance, both disorders are characterized by impairments in facial expression processing, a crucial skill for effective social communication, and both disorders display an increased prevalence of adverse childhood events (ACE). This narrative review provides a brief summary of findings from neuroimaging studies investigating facial expression processing in ASD and primary psychosis with a focus on the commonalities and differences between these disorders. Individuals with ASD and primary psychosis activate the same brain regions as healthy controls during facial expression processing, albeit to a different extent. Overall, both groups display altered activation in the fusiform gyrus and amygdala as well as altered connectivity among the broader face processing network, probably indicating reduced facial expression processing abilities. Furthermore, delayed or reduced N170 responses have been reported in ASD and primary psychosis, but the significance of these findings is questioned, and alternative frequency-tagging electroencephalography (EEG) measures are currently explored to capture facial expression processing impairments more selectively. Face perception is an innate process, but it is also guided by visual learning and social experiences. Extreme environmental factors, such as adverse childhood events, can disrupt normative development and alter facial expression processing. ACE are hypothesized to induce altered neural facial expression processing, in particular a hyperactive amygdala response toward negative expressions. Future studies should account for the comorbidity among ASD, primary psychosis, and ACE when assessing facial expression processing in these clinical groups, as it may explain some of the inconsistencies and confound reported in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celine Samaey
- Department of Neurosciences, Center for Clinical Psychiatry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stephanie Van der Donck
- Department of Neurosciences, Center for Developmental Psychiatry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Leuven Autism Research (LAuRes), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ruud van Winkel
- Department of Neurosciences, Center for Clinical Psychiatry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- University Psychiatric Center (UPC), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bart Boets
- Department of Neurosciences, Center for Developmental Psychiatry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Leuven Autism Research (LAuRes), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Ilzarbe D, Lukito S, Moessnang C, O'Daly OG, Lythgoe DJ, Murphy CM, Ashwood K, Stoencheva V, Rubia K, Simonoff E. Neural Correlates of Theory of Mind in Autism Spectrum Disorder, Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, and the Comorbid Condition. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:544482. [PMID: 33240117 PMCID: PMC7677232 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.544482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Theory of mind (ToM) or mentalizing difficulties is reported in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD), but the mechanism underpinning these apparently shared deficits is relatively unknown. Eighty-three young adult males, 19 with ASD alone, 21 with ADHD alone, 18 with dual diagnosis of ASD and ADHD, and 25 typically developing (TD) controls completed the functional magnetic resonance imaging version of the Frith-Happé animated-triangle ToM task. We compared neural function during ToM with two non-ToM conditions, random and goal directed motions, using whole-brain and region-of-interest analysis of brain activation and functional connectivity analyses. The groups showed comparable ToM task performance. All three clinical groups lacked local connectivity increase shown by TD controls during ToM in the right temporoparietal cortex, a key mentalizing region, with a differentially increased activation pattern in both ASD and comorbid groups relative to ADHD. Both ASD groups also showed reduced connectivity between right inferior lateral prefrontal and posterior cingulate cortices that could reflect an atypical information transmission to the mentalizing network. In contrast, with mentalizing both ADHD groups showed decreasing connectivity between the medial prefrontal and left temporoparietal cortices when compared to TD controls. Therefore, despite the complex pattern of atypical brain function underpinning ToM across the three disorders, some neurofunctional abnormalities during ToM are associated with ASD and appeared differentiable from those associated with ADHD, with the comorbid group displaying combined abnormalities found in each condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Ilzarbe
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, King's College London (KCL), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), London, United Kingdom
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institute of Neuroscience, Barcelona, Spain
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Steve Lukito
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, King's College London (KCL), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), London, United Kingdom
| | - Carolin Moessnang
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Owen G. O'Daly
- Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - David J. Lythgoe
- Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Clodagh M. Murphy
- Behavioural and Developmental Psychiatry Clinical Academic Group, Behavioural Genetics Clinic, Adult Autism and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Service, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Karen Ashwood
- Behavioural and Developmental Psychiatry Clinical Academic Group, Behavioural Genetics Clinic, Adult Autism and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Service, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Vladimira Stoencheva
- Behavioural and Developmental Psychiatry Clinical Academic Group, Behavioural Genetics Clinic, Adult Autism and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Service, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Katya Rubia
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, King's College London (KCL), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), London, United Kingdom
| | - Emily Simonoff
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, King's College London (KCL), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), London, United Kingdom
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Pinkham AE, Morrison KE, Penn DL, Harvey PD, Kelsven S, Ludwig K, Sasson NJ. Comprehensive comparison of social cognitive performance in autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia. Psychol Med 2020; 50:2557-2565. [PMID: 31576783 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291719002708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and schizophrenia (SCZ) are separate neurodevelopmental disorders that are both characterized by difficulties in social cognition and social functioning. Due to methodological confounds, the degree of similarity in social cognitive impairments across these two disorders is currently unknown. This study therefore conducted a comprehensive comparison of social cognitive ability in ASD and SCZ to aid efforts to develop optimized treatment programs. METHODS In total, 101 individuals with ASD, 92 individuals with SCZ or schizoaffective disorder, and 101 typically developing (TD) controls, all with measured intelligence in the normal range and a mean age of 25.47 years, completed a large battery of psychometrically validated social cognitive assessments spanning the domains of emotion recognition, social perception, mental state attribution, and attributional style. RESULTS Both ASD and SCZ performed worse than TD controls, and very few differences were evident between the two clinical groups, with effect sizes (Cohen's d) ranging from 0.01 to 0.34. For those effects that did reach statistical significance, such as greater hostility in the SCZ group, controlling for symptom severity rendered them non-significant, suggesting that clinical distinctions may underlie these social cognitive differences. Additionally, the strength of the relationship between neurocognitive and social cognitive performance was of similar, moderate size for ASD and SCZ. CONCLUSIONS Findings largely suggest comparable levels of social cognitive impairment in ASD and SCZ, which may support the use of existing social cognitive interventions across disorders. However, future work is needed to determine whether the mechanisms underlying these shared impairments are also similar or if these common behavioral profiles may emerge via different pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy E Pinkham
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas At Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Kerrianne E Morrison
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas At Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - David L Penn
- Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Philip D Harvey
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Research Service, Miami VA Healthcare System, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Skylar Kelsven
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University/University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Kelsey Ludwig
- Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Noah J Sasson
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas At Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
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49
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Noel JP, Failla MD, Quinde-Zlibut JM, Williams ZJ, Gerdes M, Tracy JM, Zoltowski AR, Foss-Feig JH, Nichols H, Armstrong K, Heckers SH, Blake RR, Wallace MT, Park S, Cascio CJ. Visual-Tactile Spatial Multisensory Interaction in Adults With Autism and Schizophrenia. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:578401. [PMID: 33192716 PMCID: PMC7644602 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.578401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and schizophrenia (SZ) exhibit multisensory processing difficulties and social impairments, with growing evidence that the former contributes to the latter. However, this work has largely reported on separate cohorts, introducing method variance as a barrier to drawing broad conclusions across studies. Further, very few studies have addressed touch, resulting in sparse knowledge about how these two clinical groups may integrate somatic information with other senses. Methods: In this study, we compared adults with ASD (n = 29), SZ (n = 24), and typical developmental histories (TD, n = 37) on two tasks requiring visual-tactile spatial multisensory processing. In the first task (crossmodal congruency), participants judged the location of a tactile stimulus in the presence or absence of simultaneous visual input that was either spatially congruent or incongruent, with poorer performance for incongruence an index of spatial multisensory interaction. In the second task, participants reacted to touch in the presence or absence of dynamic visual stimuli that appeared to approach or recede from the body. Within a certain radius around the body, defined as peripersonal space (PPS), an approaching visual or auditory stimulus reliably speeds reaction times (RT) to touch; outside of this radius, in extrapersonal space (EPS), there is no multisensory effect. PPS can be defined both by its size (radius) and slope (sharpness of the PPS-EPS boundary). Clinical measures were administered to explore relations with visual-tactile processing. Results: Neither clinical group differed from controls on the crossmodal congruency task. The ASD group had significantly smaller and more sharply-defined PPSs compared to the other two groups. Small PPS size was related to social symptom severity across groups, but was largely driven by the TD group, without significant effects in either clinical group. Conclusions: These results suggest that: (1) spatially static visual-tactile facilitation is intact in adults with ASD and SZ, (2) spatially dynamic visual-tactile facilitation impacting perception of the body boundary is affected in ASD but not SZ, and (3) body boundary perception is related to social-emotional function, but not in a way that maps on to clinical status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Paul Noel
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Michelle D. Failla
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | | | - Zachary J. Williams
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Madison Gerdes
- School of Criminology and Justice Policty, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | - Alisa R. Zoltowski
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Jennifer H. Foss-Feig
- Department of Psychiatry and Seaver Center for Autism Research, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, United States
| | - Heathman Nichols
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Kristan Armstrong
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Stephan H. Heckers
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Randolph R. Blake
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Mark T. Wallace
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
- Vanderbilt Frist Center for Autism and Innovation, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Sohee Park
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Carissa J. Cascio
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
- Vanderbilt Frist Center for Autism and Innovation, Nashville, TN, United States
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50
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Yoshihara Y, Lisi G, Yahata N, Fujino J, Matsumoto Y, Miyata J, Sugihara GI, Urayama SI, Kubota M, Yamashita M, Hashimoto R, Ichikawa N, Cahn W, van Haren NEM, Mori S, Okamoto Y, Kasai K, Kato N, Imamizu H, Kahn RS, Sawa A, Kawato M, Murai T, Morimoto J, Takahashi H. Overlapping but Asymmetrical Relationships Between Schizophrenia and Autism Revealed by Brain Connectivity. Schizophr Bull 2020; 46:1210-1218. [PMID: 32300809 PMCID: PMC7505174 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbaa021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Although the relationship between schizophrenia spectrum disorder (SSD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has long been debated, it has not yet been fully elucidated. The authors quantified and visualized the relationship between ASD and SSD using dual classifiers that discriminate patients from healthy controls (HCs) based on resting-state functional connectivity magnetic resonance imaging. To develop a reliable SSD classifier, sophisticated machine-learning algorithms that automatically selected SSD-specific functional connections were applied to Japanese datasets from Kyoto University Hospital (N = 170) including patients with chronic-stage SSD. The generalizability of the SSD classifier was tested by 2 independent validation cohorts, and 1 cohort including first-episode schizophrenia. The specificity of the SSD classifier was tested by 2 Japanese cohorts of ASD and major depressive disorder. The weighted linear summation of the classifier's functional connections constituted the biological dimensions representing neural classification certainty for the disorders. Our previously developed ASD classifier was used as ASD dimension. Distributions of individuals with SSD, ASD, and HCs s were examined on the SSD and ASD biological dimensions. We found that the SSD and ASD populations exhibited overlapping but asymmetrical patterns in the 2 biological dimensions. That is, the SSD population showed increased classification certainty for the ASD dimension but not vice versa. Furthermore, the 2 dimensions were correlated within the ASD population but not the SSD population. In conclusion, using the 2 biological dimensions based on resting-state functional connectivity enabled us to discover the quantified relationships between SSD and ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujiro Yoshihara
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Giuseppe Lisi
- Department of Brain Robot Interface, ATR (Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International) Brain Information Communication Research Laboratory Group, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Noriaki Yahata
- Department of Decoded Neurofeedback, ATR Brain Information Communication Research Laboratory Group, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Youth Mental Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Junya Fujino
- Medical Institute of Developmental Disabilities Research, Showa University Karasuyama Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukiko Matsumoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Jun Miyata
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Gen-ichi Sugihara
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shin-ichi Urayama
- Human Brain Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Manabu Kubota
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Medical Institute of Developmental Disabilities Research, Showa University Karasuyama Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yamashita
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, ATR Brain Information Communication Research Laboratory Group, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ryuichiro Hashimoto
- Department of Decoded Neurofeedback, ATR Brain Information Communication Research Laboratory Group, Kyoto, Japan
- Medical Institute of Developmental Disabilities Research, Showa University Karasuyama Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Language Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naho Ichikawa
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Weipke Cahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Centre Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Neeltje E M van Haren
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Centre Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Susumu Mori
- Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Yasumasa Okamoto
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kiyoto Kasai
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobumasa Kato
- Medical Institute of Developmental Disabilities Research, Showa University Karasuyama Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Imamizu
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, ATR Brain Information Communication Research Laboratory Group, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Psychology, Graduate School of Humanities and Sociology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - René S Kahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Centre Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Akira Sawa
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Mitsuo Kawato
- Department of Decoded Neurofeedback, ATR Brain Information Communication Research Laboratory Group, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toshiya Murai
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Jun Morimoto
- Department of Brain Robot Interface, ATR (Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International) Brain Information Communication Research Laboratory Group, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hidehiko Takahashi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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