1
|
Liu W, Chen T, Liu Y, Le QT, Wang R, Lee H, Xiong L. The Plastidial DIG5 Protein Affects Lateral Root Development by Regulating Flavonoid Biosynthesis and Auxin Transport in Arabidopsis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810642. [PMID: 36142550 PMCID: PMC9501241 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To reveal the mechanisms underlying root adaptation to drought stress, we isolated and characterized an Arabidopsis mutant, dig5 (drought inhibition of lateral root growth 5), which exhibited increased sensitivity to the phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) for the inhibition of lateral root growth. The dig5 mutant also had fewer lateral roots under normal conditions and the aerial parts were yellowish with a lower level of chlorophylls. The mutant seedlings also displayed phenotypes indicative of impaired auxin transport, such as abnormal root curling, leaf venation defects, absence of apical hook formation, and reduced hypocotyl elongation in darkness. Auxin transport assays with [3H]-labeled indole acetic acid (IAA) confirmed that dig5 roots were impaired in polar auxin transport. Map-based cloning and complementation assays indicated that the DIG5 locus encodes a chloroplast-localized tRNA adenosine deaminase arginine (TADA) that is involved in chloroplast protein translation. The levels of flavonoids, which are naturally occurring auxin transport inhibitors in plants, were significantly higher in dig5 roots than in the wild type roots. Further investigation showed that flavonoid biosynthetic genes were upregulated in dig5. Introduction of the flavonoid biosynthetic mutation transparent testa 4 (tt4) into dig5 restored the lateral root growth of dig5. Our study uncovers an important role of DIG5/TADA in retrogradely controlling flavonoid biosynthesis and lateral root development. We suggest that the DIG5-related signaling pathways, triggered likely by drought-induced chlorophyll breakdown and leaf senescence, may potentially help the plants to adapt to drought stress through optimizing the root system architecture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO 63132, USA
- High-Tech Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Tao Chen
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Yajie Liu
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tang, Hong Kong, China
| | - Quang Tri Le
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 136-713, Korea
| | - Ruigang Wang
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO 63132, USA
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010010, China
| | - Hojoung Lee
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 136-713, Korea
| | - Liming Xiong
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO 63132, USA
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tang, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory for Agribiotechnology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Pagano A, Zannino L, Pagano P, Doria E, Dondi D, Macovei A, Biggiogera M, Araújo SDS, Balestrazzi A. Changes in genotoxic stress response, ribogenesis and PAP (3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphate) levels are associated with loss of desiccation tolerance in overprimed Medicago truncatula seeds. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2022; 45:1457-1473. [PMID: 35188276 PMCID: PMC9311706 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Re-establishment of desiccation tolerance is essential for the survival of germinated seeds facing water deficit in the soil. The molecular and ultrastructural features of desiccation tolerance maintenance and loss within the nuclear compartment are not fully resolved. In the present study, the impact of desiccation-induced genotoxic stress on nucleolar ultrastructure and ribogenesis was explored along the rehydration-dehydration cycle applied in standard seed vigorization protocols. Primed and overprimed Medicago truncatula seeds, obtained through hydropriming followed by desiccation (dry-back), were analysed. In contrast to desiccation-tolerant primed seeds, overprimed seeds enter irreversible germination and do not survive dry-back. Reactive oxygen species, DNA damage and expression profiles of antioxidant/DNA Damage Response genes were measured, as main hallmarks of the seed response to desiccation stress. Nuclear ultrastructural features were also investigated. Overprimed seeds subjected to dry-back revealed altered rRNA accumulation profiles and up-regulation of genes involved in ribogenesis control. The signal molecule PAP (3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphate) accumulated during dry-back only in primed seeds, as a distinctive feature of desiccation tolerance. The presented results show the molecular and ultrastructural landscapes of the seed desiccation response, including substantial changes in nuclear organization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Pagano
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology ‘L. Spallanzani'University of PaviaPaviaItaly
| | - Lorena Zannino
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology ‘L. Spallanzani'University of PaviaPaviaItaly
| | - Paola Pagano
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology ‘L. Spallanzani'University of PaviaPaviaItaly
| | - Enrico Doria
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology ‘L. Spallanzani'University of PaviaPaviaItaly
| | - Daniele Dondi
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of PaviaPaviaItaly
| | - Anca Macovei
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology ‘L. Spallanzani'University of PaviaPaviaItaly
| | - Marco Biggiogera
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology ‘L. Spallanzani'University of PaviaPaviaItaly
| | - Susana de Sousa Araújo
- Association BLC3‐Technology and Innovation CampusCentre Bio R&D UnitMacedo de CavaleirosPortugal
| | - Alma Balestrazzi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology ‘L. Spallanzani'University of PaviaPaviaItaly
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Shirzadian-Khorramabad R, Moazzenzadeh T, Sajedi RH, Jing HC, Hille J, Dijkwel PP. A mutation in Arabidopsis SAL1 alters its in vitro activity against IP 3 and delays developmental leaf senescence in association with lower ROS levels. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 108:549-563. [PMID: 35122174 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-022-01245-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Our manuscript is the first to find a link between activity of SAL1/OLD101 against IP3 and plant leaf senescence regulation and ROS levels assigning a potential biological role for IP3. Leaf senescence is a genetically programmed process that limits the longevity of a leaf. We identified and analyzed the recessive Arabidopsis stay-green mutation onset of leaf death 101 (old101). Developmental leaf longevity is extended in old101 plants, which coincided with higher peroxidase activity and decreased H2O2 levels in young 10-day-old, but not 25-day-old plants. The old101 phenotype is caused by a point mutation in SAL1, which encodes a bifunctional enzyme with inositol polyphosphate-1-phosphatase and 3' (2'), 5'-bisphosphate nucleotidase activity. SAL1 activity is highly specific for its substrates 3-polyadenosine 5-phosphate (PAP) and inositol 1, 4, 5-trisphosphate (IP3), where it removes the 1-phosphate group from the IP3 second messenger. The in vitro activity of recombinant old101 protein against its substrate IP3 was 2.5-fold lower than that of wild type SAL1 protein. However, the in vitro activity of recombinant old101 mutant protein against PAP remained the same as that of the wild type SAL1 protein. The results open the possibility that the activity of SAL1 against IP3 may affect the redox balance of young seedlings and that this delays the onset of leaf senescence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reza Shirzadian-Khorramabad
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran.
- Molecular Biology of Plants, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Kerklaan 30, 9751 NN, Haren, The Netherlands.
- School of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
| | - Taghi Moazzenzadeh
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
- MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Reza H Sajedi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hai-Chun Jing
- Molecular Biology of Plants, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Kerklaan 30, 9751 NN, Haren, The Netherlands
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Jacques Hille
- Molecular Biology of Plants, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Kerklaan 30, 9751 NN, Haren, The Netherlands
| | - Paul P Dijkwel
- Molecular Biology of Plants, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Kerklaan 30, 9751 NN, Haren, The Netherlands
- School of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ashykhmina N, Chan KX, Frerigmann H, Van Breusegem F, Kopriva S, Flügge UI, Gigolashvili T. Dissecting the Role of SAL1 in Metabolizing the Stress Signaling Molecule 3′-Phosphoadenosine 5′-Phosphate in Different Cell Compartments. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 8:763795. [PMID: 35127814 PMCID: PMC8815814 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.763795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants possess the most highly compartmentalized eukaryotic cells. To coordinate their intracellular functions, plastids and the mitochondria are dependent on the flow of information to and from the nuclei, known as retrograde and anterograde signals. One mobile retrograde signaling molecule is the monophosphate 3′-phosphoadenosine 5′-phosphate (PAP), which is mainly produced from 3′-phosphoadenosine 5′-phosphosulfate (PAPS) in the cytosol and regulates the expression of a set of nuclear genes that modulate plant growth in response to biotic and abiotic stresses. The adenosine bisphosphate phosphatase enzyme SAL1 dephosphorylates PAP to AMP in plastids and the mitochondria, but can also rescue sal1 Arabidopsis phenotypes (PAP accumulation, leaf morphology, growth, etc.) when expressed in the cytosol and the nucleus. To understand better the roles of the SAL1 protein in chloroplasts, the mitochondria, nuclei, and the cytosol, we have attempted to complement the sal1 mutant by specifically cargoing the transgenic SAL1 protein to these four cell compartments. Overexpression of SAL1 protein targeted to the nucleus or the mitochondria alone, or co-targeted to chloroplasts and the mitochondria, complemented most aspects of the sal1 phenotypes. Notably, targeting SAL1 to chloroplasts or the cytosol did not effectively rescue the sal1 phenotypes as these transgenic lines accumulated very low levels of SAL1 protein despite overexpressing SAL1 mRNA, suggesting a possibly lower stability of the SAL1 protein in these compartments. The diverse transgenic SAL1 lines exhibited a range of PAP levels. The latter needs to reach certain thresholds in the cell for its impacts on different processes such as leaf growth, regulation of rosette morphology, sulfate homeostasis, and glucosinolate biosynthesis. Collectively, these findings provide an initial platform for further dissection of the role of the SAL1–PAP pathway in different cellular processes under stress conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natallia Ashykhmina
- Institute for Plant Sciences, Cologne Biocenter, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Kai Xun Chan
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Frank Van Breusegem
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stanislav Kopriva
- Institute for Plant Sciences, Cologne Biocenter, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ulf-Ingo Flügge
- Institute for Plant Sciences, Cologne Biocenter, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Tamara Gigolashvili
- Institute for Plant Sciences, Cologne Biocenter, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- *Correspondence: Tamara Gigolashvili,
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Straube H, Witte CP, Herde M. Analysis of Nucleosides and Nucleotides in Plants: An Update on Sample Preparation and LC-MS Techniques. Cells 2021; 10:689. [PMID: 33804650 PMCID: PMC8003640 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nucleotides fulfill many essential functions in plants. Compared to non-plant systems, these hydrophilic metabolites have not been adequately investigated in plants, especially the less abundant nucleotide species such as deoxyribonucleotides and modified or damaged nucleotides. Until recently, this was mainly due to a lack of adequate methods for in-depth analysis of nucleotides and nucleosides in plants. In this review, we focus on the current state-of-the-art of nucleotide analysis in plants with liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry and describe recent major advances. Tissue disruption, quenching, liquid-liquid and solid-phase extraction, chromatographic strategies, and peculiarities of nucleotides and nucleosides in mass spectrometry are covered. We describe how the different steps of the analytical workflow influence each other, highlight the specific challenges of nucleotide analysis, and outline promising future developments. The metabolite matrix of plants is particularly complex. Therefore, it is likely that nucleotide analysis methods that work for plants can be applied to other organisms as well. Although this review focuses on plants, we also discuss advances in nucleotide analysis from non-plant systems to provide an overview of the analytical techniques available for this challenging class of metabolites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Claus-Peter Witte
- Department of Molecular Nutrition and Biochemistry of Plants, Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30419 Hannover, Germany;
| | - Marco Herde
- Department of Molecular Nutrition and Biochemistry of Plants, Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30419 Hannover, Germany;
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Abdel-Hameed AAE, Prasad KVSK, Jiang Q, Reddy ASN. Salt-Induced Stability of SR1/CAMTA3 mRNA Is Mediated by Reactive Oxygen Species and Requires the 3' End of Its Open Reading Frame. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 61:748-760. [PMID: 31917443 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcaa001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Soil salinity, a prevalent abiotic stress, causes enormous losses in global crop yields annually. Previous studies have shown that salt stress-induced reprogramming of gene expression contributes to the survival of plants under this stress. However, mechanisms regulating gene expression in response to salt stress at the posttranscriptional level are not well understood. In this study, we show that salt stress increases the level of Signal Responsive 1 (SR1) mRNA, a member of signal-responsive Ca2+/calmodulin-regulated transcription factors, by enhancing its stability. We present multiple lines of evidence indicating that reactive oxygen species generated by NADPH oxidase activity mediate salt-induced SR1 transcript stability. Using mutants impaired in either nonsense-mediated decay, XRN4 or mRNA decapping pathways, we show that neither the nonsense-mediated mRNA decay pathway, XRN4 nor the decapping of SR1 mRNA is required for its decay. We analyzed the salt-induced accumulation of eight truncated versions of the SR1 coding region (∼3 kb) in the sr1 mutant background. This analysis identified a 500-nt region at the 3' end of the SR1 coding region to be required for the salt-induced stability of SR1 mRNA. Potential mechanisms by which this region confers SR1 transcript stability in response to salt are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amira A E Abdel-Hameed
- Department of Biology and Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1878, USA
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Kasavajhala V S K Prasad
- Department of Biology and Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1878, USA
| | - Qiyan Jiang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Anireddy S N Reddy
- Department of Biology and Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1878, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Jia Q, Kong D, Li Q, Sun S, Song J, Zhu Y, Liang K, Ke Q, Lin W, Huang J. The Function of Inositol Phosphatases in Plant Tolerance to Abiotic Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20163999. [PMID: 31426386 PMCID: PMC6719168 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20163999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inositol signaling is believed to play a crucial role in various aspects of plant growth and adaptation. As an important component in biosynthesis and degradation of myo-inositol and its derivatives, inositol phosphatases could hydrolyze the phosphate of the inositol ring, thus affecting inositol signaling. Until now, more than 30 members of inositol phosphatases have been identified in plants, which are classified intofive families, including inositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatases (5PTases), suppressor of actin (SAC) phosphatases, SAL1 phosphatases, inositol monophosphatase (IMP), and phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN)-related phosphatases. The current knowledge was revised here in relation to their substrates and function in response to abiotic stress. The potential mechanisms were also concluded with the focus on their activities of inositol phosphatases. The general working model might be that inositol phosphatases would degrade the Ins(1,4,5)P3 or phosphoinositides, subsequently resulting in altering Ca2+ release, abscisic acid (ABA) signaling, vesicle trafficking or other cellular processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Jia
- Key Laboratory for Genetics Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education/College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology (Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University), Fujian Province University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Defeng Kong
- Key Laboratory for Genetics Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education/College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Qinghua Li
- Putian Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Putian 351144, China
| | - Song Sun
- Key Laboratory for Genetics Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education/College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Junliang Song
- Key Laboratory for Genetics Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education/College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yebao Zhu
- Rice Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350018, China
| | - Kangjing Liang
- Key Laboratory for Genetics Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education/College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Qingming Ke
- Putian Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Putian 351144, China
| | - Wenxiong Lin
- Key Laboratory for Genetics Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education/College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology (Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University), Fujian Province University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Jinwen Huang
- Key Laboratory for Genetics Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education/College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology (Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University), Fujian Province University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Coêlho MRV, Rivas R, Ferreira-Neto JRC, Pandolfi V, Bezerra-Neto JP, Benko-Iseppon AM, Santos MG. Reference genes selection for Calotropis procera under different salt stress conditions. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0215729. [PMID: 30998798 PMCID: PMC6472812 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Calotropis procera is a perennial Asian shrub with significant adaptation to adverse climate conditions and poor soils. Given its increased salt and drought stress tolerance, C. procera stands out as a powerful candidate to provide alternative genetic resources for biotechnological approaches. The qPCR (real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction), widely recognized among the most accurate methods for quantifying gene expression, demands suitable reference genes (RGs) to avoid over- or underestimations of the relative expression and incorrect interpretation. This study aimed at evaluating the stability of ten RGs for normalization of gene expression of root and leaf of C. procera under different salt stress conditions and different collection times. The selected RGs were used on expression analysis of three target genes. Three independent experiments were carried out in greenhouse with young plants: i) Leaf100 = leaf samples collected 30 min, 2 h, 8 h and 45 days after NaCl-stress (100 mM NaCl); ii) Root50 and iii) Root200 = root samples collected 30 min, 2 h, 8 h and 1day after NaCl-stress (50 and 200 mM NaCl, respectively). Stability rank among the three algorithms used showed high agreement for the four most stable RGs. The four most stable RGs showed high congruence among all combination of collection time, for each software studied, with minor disagreements. CYP23 was the best RG (rank of top four) for all experimental conditions (Leaf100, Root50, and Root200). Using appropriated RGs, we validated the relative expression level of three differentially expressed target genes (NAC78, CNBL4, and ND1) in Leaf100 and Root200 samples. This study provides the first selection of stable reference genes for C. procera under salinity. Our results emphasize the need for caution when evaluating the stability RGs under different amplitude of variable factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria R. V. Coêlho
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Departamento de Botânica, Laboratório de Fisiologia Vegetal, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Rebeca Rivas
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Departamento de Botânica, Laboratório de Fisiologia Vegetal, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - José Ribamar C. Ferreira-Neto
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Departamento de Genética, Laboratório Genética e Biotecnologia Vegetal, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Valesca Pandolfi
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Departamento de Genética, Laboratório Genética e Biotecnologia Vegetal, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - João P. Bezerra-Neto
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Departamento de Genética, Laboratório Genética e Biotecnologia Vegetal, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Benko-Iseppon
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Departamento de Genética, Laboratório Genética e Biotecnologia Vegetal, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Mauro G. Santos
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Departamento de Botânica, Laboratório de Fisiologia Vegetal, Recife, PE, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Shin DJ, Min JH, Van Nguyen T, Kim YM, Kim CS. Loss of Arabidopsis Halotolerance 2-like (AHL), a 3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphate phosphatase, suppresses insensitive response of Arabidopsis thaliana ring zinc finger 1 (atrzf1) mutant to abiotic stress. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 99:363-377. [PMID: 30637572 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-019-00822-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Destruction of PAP phosphatase AHL suppresses atrzf1 phenotype in abiotic stress responses. AHL plays an intermediate role in the regulation of proline accumulation by PAP nucleotidase. Proline (Pro) metabolism is important for environmental responses, plant development, and growth. However, the role of Pro in abiotic stress process is unclear. Using atrzf1 (Arabidopsis thaliana ring zinc finger 1) mutant as a parental line for T-DNA tagging mutagenesis, we identified a suppressor mutant designated as proline content alterative 17 (pca17) that suppressed insensitivity of atrzf1 to abiotic stresses during early seedling growth. Pro content of pca17 was lower than that in both wild type (WT) and atrzf1 while complementary lines were less sensitive to abscisic acid (ABA) and abiotic stresses compared to WT. Thermal Asymmetric Interlaced (TAIL)-PCR of pca17 showed that T-DNA was inserted at site of At5g54390 (AHL for Arabidopsis Halotolerance 2-like) encoding 3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphate (PAP) phosphatase. Under drought stress condition, products of sulfate metabolism such as PAP and adenosine monophosphate were significantly lower in pca17 than those in WT and atrzf1. Furthermore, pca17 showed significantly higher levels of several important drought parameters including malondialdehyde, ion leakage, and water loss than WT and atrzf1. Fluorescence signal of green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged AHL was quite strong in nuclei of the root and guard cells of transgenic seedlings. Additionally, AHL promoter-β-glucuronidase (GUS) construct revealed substantial gene expression in vasculature tissues and pollen. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that pca17 acts as a dominant suppressor mutant of atrzf1 in abiotic stress response by modulating proline and sulfate metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Da-Jeong Shin
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hee Min
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Tinh Van Nguyen
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Min Kim
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Soo Kim
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Phua SY, Yan D, Chan KX, Estavillo GM, Nambara E, Pogson BJ. The Arabidopsis SAL1-PAP Pathway: A Case Study for Integrating Chloroplast Retrograde, Light and Hormonal Signaling in Modulating Plant Growth and Development? FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1171. [PMID: 30135700 PMCID: PMC6092573 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Plant growth and development are dependent on chloroplast development and function. Constitutive high level accumulation of a chloroplast stress signal, 3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphate (PAP), confers drought tolerance to plants, but slow downs and alters plant growth and development. PAP, a by-product of sulfur metabolism, is maintained at very low levels by the SAL1 phosphatase during vegetative growth of Arabidopsis and accumulates in rosettes during drought and excess light. Eight independent forward genetic screens in Arabidopsis identified SAL1 as the regulator of multiple phenotypes related to stress responses, hormonal signaling and/or perception. In this perspective article, we collate all the sal1 phenotypes published in the past two decades, and distill the different pathways affected. Our meta-analysis of publicly available sal1 microarray data coupled to preliminary hormonal treatment and profiling results on sal1 indicate that homeostasis and responses to multiple hormones in sal1 are altered during rosette growth, suggesting a potential connection between SAL1-PAP stress retrograde pathway and hormonal signaling. We propose the SAL1-PAP pathway as a case study for integrating chloroplast retrograde signaling, light signaling and hormonal signaling in plant growth and morphogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Su Y. Phua
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dawei Yan
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kai X. Chan
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Gonzalo M. Estavillo
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Black Mountain, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Eiji Nambara
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Barry J. Pogson
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Litthauer S, Jones MA. SAL1-PAP retrograde signalling extends circadian period by reproducing the loss of exoribonuclease (XRN) activity. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2018; 13:e1500066. [PMID: 30081763 PMCID: PMC6149516 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2018.1500066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Plants have developed an internal timing mechanism, the circadian system, that serves to synchronise physiological and metabolic functions with daily cues such as dawn and dusk, and provides plants with an advantage in adapting to changing and challenging conditions. We have recently shown that the SAL1-PAP-XRN retrograde signalling pathway, which is proposed to regulate plant responses under stress conditions, also acts within the circadian system. Here we provide further evidence of circadian regulation by SAL1-PAP-XRN signalling, thereby affirming a link between molecular timekeeping and abiotic stress response mechanisms.
Collapse
|
12
|
Litthauer S, Chan KX, Jones MA. 3'-Phosphoadenosine 5'-Phosphate Accumulation Delays the Circadian System. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 176:3120-3135. [PMID: 29487119 PMCID: PMC5884616 DOI: 10.1104/pp.17.01611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The circadian system optimizes cellular responses to stress, but the signaling pathways that convey the metabolic consequences of stress into this molecular timekeeping mechanism remain unclear. Redox regulation of the SAL1 phosphatase during abiotic stress initiates a signaling pathway from chloroplast to nucleus by regulating the accumulation of a metabolite, 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphate (PAP). Consequently, PAP accumulates in response to redox stress and inhibits the activity of exoribonucleases (XRNs) in the nucleus and cytosol. We demonstrated that osmotic stress induces a lengthening of circadian period and that genetically inducing the SAL1-PAP-XRN pathway in plants lacking either SAL1 or XRNs similarly delays the circadian system. Exogenous application of PAP was also sufficient to extend circadian period. Thus, SAL1-PAP-XRN signaling likely regulates circadian rhythms in response to redox stress. Our findings exemplify how two central processes in plants, molecular timekeeping and responses to abiotic stress, can be interlinked to regulate gene expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Litthauer
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, Essex CO4 3SQ, United Kingdom
| | - Kai Xun Chan
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Matthew Alan Jones
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, Essex CO4 3SQ, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Albert E, Segura V, Gricourt J, Bonnefoi J, Derivot L, Causse M. Association mapping reveals the genetic architecture of tomato response to water deficit: focus on major fruit quality traits. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:6413-6430. [PMID: 27856709 PMCID: PMC5181584 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Water scarcity constitutes a crucial constraint for agriculture productivity. High-throughput approaches in model plant species identified hundreds of genes potentially involved in survival under drought, but few having beneficial effects on quality and yield. Nonetheless, controlled water deficit may improve fruit quality through higher concentration of flavor compounds. The underlying genetic determinants are still poorly known. In this study, we phenotyped 141 highly diverse small fruit tomato accessions for 27 traits under two contrasting watering conditions. A subset of 55 accessions exhibited increased metabolite contents and maintained yield under water deficit. Using 6100 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), association mapping revealed 31, 41, and 44 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) under drought, control, and both conditions, respectively. Twenty-five additional QTLs were interactive between conditions, emphasizing the interest in accounting for QTLs by watering regime interactions in fruit quality improvement. Combining our results with the loci previously identified in a biparental progeny resulted in 11 common QTLs and contributed to a first detailed characterization of the genetic determinants of response to water deficit in tomato. Major QTLs for fruit quality traits were dissected and candidate genes were proposed using expression and polymorphism data. The outcomes provide a basis for fruit quality improvement under deficit irrigation while limiting yield losses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elise Albert
- INRA, UR1052, Génétique et Amélioration des Fruits et Légumes, 67 Allée des Chênes, Centre de Recherche PACA, Domaine Saint Maurice, CS60094, Montfavet, 84143, France
| | - Vincent Segura
- INRA, UR0588, Amélioration, Génétique et Physiologie Forestières, 2163 Avenue de la Pomme de Pin, Centre de Recherche Val de Loire, CS 40001, Orléans, 45075, France
| | - Justine Gricourt
- INRA, UR1052, Génétique et Amélioration des Fruits et Légumes, 67 Allée des Chênes, Centre de Recherche PACA, Domaine Saint Maurice, CS60094, Montfavet, 84143, France
| | | | | | - Mathilde Causse
- INRA, UR1052, Génétique et Amélioration des Fruits et Légumes, 67 Allée des Chênes, Centre de Recherche PACA, Domaine Saint Maurice, CS60094, Montfavet, 84143, France
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Jez JM, Ravilious GE, Herrmann J. Structural biology and regulation of the plant sulfation pathway. Chem Biol Interact 2016; 259:31-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2016.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
15
|
Dunning LT, Hipperson H, Baker WJ, Butlin RK, Devaux C, Hutton I, Igea J, Papadopulos AST, Quan X, Smadja CM, Turnbull CGN, Savolainen V. Ecological speciation in sympatric palms: 1. Gene expression, selection and pleiotropy. J Evol Biol 2016; 29:1472-87. [PMID: 27177130 PMCID: PMC6680112 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Ecological speciation requires divergent selection, reproductive isolation and a genetic mechanism to link the two. We examined the role of gene expression and coding sequence evolution in this process using two species of Howea palms that have diverged sympatrically on Lord Howe Island, Australia. These palms are associated with distinct soil types and have displaced flowering times, representing an ideal candidate for ecological speciation. We generated large amounts of RNA‐Seq data from multiple individuals and tissue types collected on the island from each of the two species. We found that differentially expressed loci as well as those with divergent coding sequences between Howea species were associated with known ecological and phenotypic differences, including response to salinity, drought, pH and flowering time. From these loci, we identified potential ‘ecological speciation genes’ and further validate their effect on flowering time by knocking out orthologous loci in a model plant species. Finally, we put forward six plausible ecological speciation loci, providing support for the hypothesis that pleiotropy could help to overcome the antagonism between selection and recombination during speciation with gene flow.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L T Dunning
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot, UK
| | - H Hipperson
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot, UK
| | - W J Baker
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, UK
| | - R K Butlin
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.,Sven Lovén Centre for Marine Sciences, Tjärnö, University of Gothenburg, Stromstäd, Sweden
| | - C Devaux
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot, UK
| | - I Hutton
- Lord Howe Island Museum, Lord Howe Island, NSW, Australia
| | - J Igea
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot, UK
| | - A S T Papadopulos
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot, UK.,Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, UK
| | - X Quan
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot, UK
| | - C M Smadja
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot, UK
| | - C G N Turnbull
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - V Savolainen
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot, UK.,Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, UK
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Xi H, Xu H, Xu W, He Z, Xu W, Ma M. A SAL1 Loss-of-Function Arabidopsis Mutant Exhibits Enhanced Cadmium Tolerance in Association with Alleviation of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 57:1210-9. [PMID: 27044671 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcw069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
SAL1, as a negative regulator of stress response signaling, has been studied extensively for its role in plant response to environmental stresses. However, the role of SAL1 in cadmium (Cd) stress response and the underlying mechanism is still unclear. Using an Arabidopsis thaliana loss-of-function mutant of SAL1, we assessed Cd resistance and further explored the Cd toxicity mechanism through analysis of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response. The loss of SAL1 function greatly improved Cd tolerance and significantly attenuated ER stress in Arabidopsis. Exposure to Cd induced an ER stress response in Arabidopsis as evidenced by unconventional splicing of AtbZIP60 and up-regulation of ER stress-responsive genes. Damage caused by Cd was markedly reduced in the ER stress response double mutant bzip28 bzip60 or by application of the ER stress-alleviating chemical agents, tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) and 4-phenyl butyric acid (4-PBA), in wild-type plants. The Cd-induced ER stress in Arabidopsis was also alleviated by loss of function of SAL1. These results identified SAL1 as a new component mediating Cd toxicity and established the role of the ER stress response in Cd toxicity. Additionally, the attenuated ER stress in the sal1 mutant might also shed new light on the mechanism of diverse abiotic stress resistance in the SAL1 loss-of-function mutants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Xi
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, PR China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Hua Xu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, PR China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Wenxiu Xu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, PR China
| | - Zhenyan He
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, PR China
| | - Wenzhong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, PR China
| | - Mi Ma
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Chan KX, Phua SY, Crisp P, McQuinn R, Pogson BJ. Learning the Languages of the Chloroplast: Retrograde Signaling and Beyond. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 67:25-53. [PMID: 26735063 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-043015-111854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 330] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The chloroplast can act as an environmental sensor, communicating with the cell during biogenesis and operation to change the expression of thousands of proteins. This process, termed retrograde signaling, regulates expression in response to developmental cues and stresses that affect photosynthesis and yield. Recent advances have identified many signals and pathways-including carotenoid derivatives, isoprenes, phosphoadenosines, tetrapyrroles, and heme, together with reactive oxygen species and proteins-that build a communication network to regulate gene expression, RNA turnover, and splicing. However, retrograde signaling pathways have been viewed largely as a means of bilateral communication between organelles and nuclei, ignoring their potential to interact with hormone signaling and the cell as a whole to regulate plant form and function. Here, we discuss new findings on the processes by which organelle communication is initiated, transmitted, and perceived, not only to regulate chloroplastic processes but also to intersect with cellular signaling and alter physiological responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Xun Chan
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Acton, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia; , , , ,
| | - Su Yin Phua
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Acton, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia; , , , ,
| | - Peter Crisp
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Acton, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia; , , , ,
| | - Ryan McQuinn
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Acton, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia; , , , ,
| | - Barry J Pogson
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Acton, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia; , , , ,
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Bohrer AS, Takahashi H. Compartmentalization and Regulation of Sulfate Assimilation Pathways in Plants. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 326:1-31. [PMID: 27572125 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Plants utilize sulfate to synthesize primary and secondary sulfur-containing metabolites required for growth and survival in the environment. Sulfate is taken up into roots from the soil and distributed to various organs through the functions of membrane-bound sulfate transporters, while it is utilized as the primary substrate for synthesizing sulfur-containing metabolites in the sulfate assimilation pathways. Transporters and enzymes for the assimilative conversion of sulfate are regulated in highly organized manners depending on changes in sulfate supply from the environment and demand for biosynthesis of reduced sulfur compounds in the plant systems. Over the past few decades, the effect of sulfur nutrition on gene expression of sulfate transporters and assimilatory enzymes has been extensively studied with the aim of understanding the full landscape of regulatory networks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A-S Bohrer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - H Takahashi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Chen FF, Chang YY, Cho CC, Hsu CH. Crystallization of the C-terminal redox domain of the sulfur-assimilatory enzyme APR1 from Arabidopsis thaliana. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION F-STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY COMMUNICATIONS 2014; 70:1211-4. [PMID: 25195893 DOI: 10.1107/s2053230x1401574x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Plant-type APS reductase (APR), which catalyzes the reduction of activated sulfate to sulfite in plants, consists of a reductase domain and a C-terminal redox domain showing sequence homology to thioredoxin but possessing the activity of glutaredoxin. In order to understand the structural and biochemical properties of the redox domain of plant-type APS reductase, the C-terminal domain of APR1 (APR1C) from Arabidopsis thaliana was crystallized using the sitting-drop vapour-diffusion method. X-ray diffraction data were collected to a resolution of 2.70 Å on the SPXF beamline BL13B1 at the NSRRC, Taiwan. The crystals belonged to space group P43212 or P41212, with unit-cell parameters a = b = 58.2, c = 86.7 Å. With one molecule per asymmetric unit, the crystal volume per unit protein weight (VM) is 2.64 Å(3) Da(-1), which corresponds to a solvent content of approximately 53.49%. Further structure-based functional studies of APR1C would extend knowledge of the molecular mechanism and regulation of APR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Fang Chen
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Yung Chang
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Cheng Cho
- Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hua Hsu
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Bohrer AS, Kopriva S, Takahashi H. Plastid-cytosol partitioning and integration of metabolic pathways for APS/PAPS biosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:751. [PMID: 25657651 PMCID: PMC4302788 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Plants assimilate sulfate from the environment to synthesize biologically active sulfur-containing compounds required for growth and cellular development. The primary steps of sulfur metabolism involve sequential enzymatic reactions synthesizing adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate (APS) and 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate (PAPS). Recent finding suggests that an adenosine nucleotide transport system facilitating the exchange of PAPS and 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphate across the plastid envelope is essential for establishing an intimate connection between the plastidic and cytosolic sulfate assimilation pathways in plants. Subcellular partitioning and integration of metabolic pathways provide focal points for investigating metabolic flux regulations. This perspective article presents an integrative view of sulfur metabolic flux control mechanisms with an emphasis on subcellular partitioning of APS/PAPS biosynthetic pathways in Arabidopsis thaliana.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Sophie Bohrer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State UniversityEast Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Stanislav Kopriva
- Botanical Institute and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, CologneGermany
| | - Hideki Takahashi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State UniversityEast Lansing, MI, USA
- *Correspondence: Hideki Takahashi, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, 603 Wilson Road, 209 Biochemistry Building, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA e-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Gašparič MB, Lenassi M, Gostinčar C, Rotter A, Plemenitaš A, Gunde-Cimerman N, Gruden K, Žel J. Insertion of a specific fungal 3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphatase motif into a plant homologue improves halotolerance and drought tolerance of plants. PLoS One 2013; 8:e81872. [PMID: 24349144 PMCID: PMC3857206 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Soil salinity and drought are among the most serious agricultural and environmental problems of today. Therefore, investigations of plant resistance to abiotic stress have received a lot of attention in recent years. In this study, we identified the complete coding sequence of a 3′-phosphoadenosine-5′-phosphatase protein, ApHal2, from the halotolerant yeast Aureobasidium pullulans. Expression of the ApHAL2 gene in a Saccharomyces cerevisiae hal2 mutant complemented the mutant auxotrophy for methionine, and rescued the growth of the hal2 mutant in media with high NaCl concentrations. A 21-amino-acids-long region of the ApHal2 enzyme was inserted into the Arabidopsis thaliana homologue of Hal2, the SAL1 phosphatase. The inserted sequence included the META motif, which has previously been implicated in increased sodium tolerance of the Hal2 homologue from a related fungal species. Transgenic Arabidopsis plants overexpressing this modified SAL1 (mSAL1) showed improved halotolerance and drought tolerance. In a medium with an elevated salt concentration, mSAL1-expressing plants were twice as likely to have roots in a higher length category in comparison with the wild-type Arabidopsis and with plants overexpressing the native SAL1, and had 5% to 10% larger leaf surface area under moderate and severe salt stress, respectively. Similarly, after moderate drought exposure, the mSAL1-expressing plants showed 14% increased dry weight after revitalisation, with no increase in dry weight of the wild-type plants. With severe drought, plants overexpressing native SAL1 had the worst rehydration success, consistent with the recently proposed role of SAL1 in severe drought. This was not observed for plants expressing mSAL1. Therefore, the presence of this fungal META motif sequence is beneficial under conditions of increased salinity and moderate drought, and shows no drawbacks for plant survival under severe drought. This demonstrates that adaptations of extremotolerant fungi should be considered as a valuable resource for improving stress-tolerance in plant breeding in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meti Buh Gašparič
- Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Metka Lenassi
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Centre of Excellence for Integrated Approaches in Chemistry and Biology of Proteins (CIPKeBiP), Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Cene Gostinčar
- Centre of Excellence for Integrated Approaches in Chemistry and Biology of Proteins (CIPKeBiP), Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ana Rotter
- Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ana Plemenitaš
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nina Gunde-Cimerman
- Centre of Excellence for Integrated Approaches in Chemistry and Biology of Proteins (CIPKeBiP), Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Kristina Gruden
- Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jana Žel
- Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Xiao Y, Wang J, Dehesh K. Review of stress specific organelles-to-nucleus metabolic signal molecules in plants. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2013; 212:102-7. [PMID: 24094057 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2013.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Revised: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 08/14/2013] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Plants, as sessile organisms, have evolved an exquisitely tuned response network to survive environmental perturbations. Organelles-to-nucleus signaling, termed retrograde signaling, plays a key role in stress responses by communicating subcellular perturbations to the nucleus, thereby coordinating expression of stress specific nuclear genes essential for adaptive responses to hostile environment. Recently, several stress specific retrograde signals have been identified; most notable amongst them are reactive oxygen species, tetrapyrroles, 2-C-methyl-d-erythritol 2,4-cyclodiphosphate (MEcPP), unsaturated fatty acids, nitric oxide (NO), 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphate (PAP), and β-cyclocitral (β-CC). It is expected that this trend will continue to provide fundamental insight into the integrative network of sensory systems central to the adaptive responses of plants to the prevailing environment. This review focuses on the recent advancements in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanmei Xiao
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Ku YS, Koo NSC, Li FWY, Li MW, Wang H, Tsai SN, Sun F, Lim BL, Ko WH, Lam HM. GmSAL1 hydrolyzes inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate and regulates stomatal closure in detached leaves and ion compartmentalization in plant cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e78181. [PMID: 24167607 PMCID: PMC3805524 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Inositol polyphosphatases are important regulators since they control the catabolism of phosphoinositol derivatives, which are often signaling molecules for cellular processes. Here we report on the characterization of one of their members in soybean, GmSAL1. In contrast to the substrate specificity of its Arabidopsis homologues (AtSAL1 and AtSAL2), GmSAL1 only hydrolyzes inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) but not inositol-1,3,4-trisphosphate or inositol-1,4-bisphosphate.The ectopic expression of GmSAL1 in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana led to a reduction in IP3 signals, which was inferred from the reduction in the cytoplasmic signals of the in vivo biomarker pleckstrin homology domain-green florescent protein fusion protein and the suppression of abscisic acid-induced stomatal closure. At the cellular level, the ectopic expression of GmSAL1 in transgenic BY-2 cells enhanced vacuolar Na(+) compartmentalization and therefore could partially alleviate salinity stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yee-Shan Ku
- Center for Soybean Research, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR
| | - Nicolas Siu-Chung Koo
- Center for Soybean Research, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR
| | - Francisca Wing-Yen Li
- Center for Soybean Research, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR
| | - Man-Wah Li
- Center for Soybean Research, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR
| | - Hongmei Wang
- Center for Soybean Research, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR
| | - Sau-Na Tsai
- Center for Soybean Research, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR
| | - Feng Sun
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Boon Leong Lim
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Wing-Hung Ko
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR
| | - Hon-Ming Lam
- Center for Soybean Research, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Bhardwaj J, Chauhan R, Swarnkar MK, Chahota RK, Singh AK, Shankar R, Yadav SK. Comprehensive transcriptomic study on horse gram (Macrotyloma uniflorum): De novo assembly, functional characterization and comparative analysis in relation to drought stress. BMC Genomics 2013; 14:647. [PMID: 24059455 PMCID: PMC3853109 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-14-647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drought tolerance is an attribute maintained in plants by cross-talk between multiple and cascading metabolic pathways. Without a sequenced genome available for horse gram, it is difficult to comprehend such complex networks and intercalated genes associated with drought tolerance of horse gram (Macrotyloma uniflorum). Therefore, de novo transcriptome discovery and associated analyses was done for this highly drought tolerant yet under exploited legume to decipher its genetic makeup. RESULTS Eight samples comprising of shoot and root tissues of two horse gram genotypes (drought-sensitive; M-191 and drought-tolerant; M-249) were used for comparison under control and polyethylene glycol-induced drought stress conditions. Using Illumina sequencing technology, a total of 229,297,896 paired end read pairs were generated and utilized for de novo assembly of horse gram. Significant BLAST hits were obtained for 26,045 transcripts while, 3,558 transcripts had no hits but contained important conserved domains. A total of 21,887 unigenes were identified. SSRs containing sequences covered 16.25% of the transcriptome with predominant tri- and mono-nucleotides (43%). The total GC content of the transcriptome was found to be 43.44%. Under Gene Ontology response to stimulus, DNA binding and catalytic activity was highly expressed during drought stress conditions. Serine/threonine protein kinase was found to dominate in Enzyme Classification while pathways belonging to ribosome metabolism followed by plant pathogen interaction and plant hormone signal transduction were predominant in Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis. Independent search on plant metabolic network pathways suggested valine degradation, gluconeogenesis and purine nucleotide degradation to be highly influenced under drought stress in horse gram. Transcription factors belonging to NAC, MYB-related, and WRKY families were found highly represented under drought stress. qRT-PCR validated the expression profile for 9 out of 10 genes analyzed in response to drought stress. CONCLUSIONS De novo transcriptome discovery and analysis has generated enormous information over horse gram genomics. The genes and pathways identified suggest efficient regulation leading to active adaptation as a basal defense response against drought stress by horse gram. The knowledge generated can be further utilized for exploring other underexploited plants for stress responsive genes and improving plant tolerance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Bhardwaj
- Plant Metabolic Engineering Laboratory, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176061, HP, India.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Roles for nucleotide phosphatases in sulfate assimilation and skeletal disease. Adv Biol Regul 2013; 52:229-38. [PMID: 22100882 DOI: 10.1016/j.advenzreg.2011.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2011] [Accepted: 11/04/2011] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
26
|
Mueller JW, Shafqat N. Adenosine-5'-phosphosulfate--a multifaceted modulator of bifunctional 3'-phospho-adenosine-5'-phosphosulfate synthases and related enzymes. FEBS J 2013; 280:3050-7. [PMID: 23517310 PMCID: PMC3734648 DOI: 10.1111/febs.12252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Revised: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
All sulfation reactions rely on active sulfate in the form of 3′-phospho-adenosine-5′-phosphosulfate (PAPS). In fungi, bacteria, and plants, the enzymes responsible for PAPS synthesis, ATP sulfurylase and adenosine-5′-phosphosulfate (APS) kinase, reside on separate polypeptide chains. In metazoans, however, bifunctional PAPS synthases catalyze the consecutive steps of sulfate activation by converting sulfate to PAPS via the intermediate APS. This intricate molecule and the related nucleotides PAPS and 3′-phospho-adenosine-5′-phosphate modulate the function of various enzymes from sulfation pathways, and these effects are summarized in this review. On the ATP sulfurylase domain that initially produces APS from sulfate and ATP, APS acts as a potent product inhibitor, being competitive with both ATP and sulfate. For the APS kinase domain that phosphorylates APS to PAPS, APS is an uncompetitive substrate inhibitor that can bind both at the ATP/ADP-binding site and the PAPS/APS-binding site. For human PAPS synthase 1, the steady-state concentration of APS has been modelled to be 1.6 μm, but this may increase up to 60 μm under conditions of sulfate excess. It is noteworthy that the APS concentration for maximal APS kinase activity is 15 μm. Finally, we recognized APS as a highly specific stabilizer of bifunctional PAPS synthases. APS most likely stabilizes the APS kinase part of these proteins by forming a dead-end enzyme–ADP–APS complex at APS concentrations between 0.5 and 5 μm; at higher concentrations, APS may bind to the catalytic centers of ATP sulfurylase. Based on the assumption that cellular concentrations of APS fluctuate within this range, APS can therefore be regarded as a key modulator of PAPS synthase functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan W Mueller
- Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (CEDAM), School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Birmingham, Institute of Biomedical Research, Birmingham, UK.
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Xu J, Yang J, Wu Z, Liu H, Huang F, Wu Y, Carrie C, Narsai R, Murcha M, Whelan J, Wu P. Identification of a dual-targeted protein belonging to the mitochondrial carrier family that is required for early leaf development in rice. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 161:2036-48. [PMID: 23411694 PMCID: PMC3613474 DOI: 10.1104/pp.112.210831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
A dual-targeted protein belonging to the mitochondrial carrier family was characterized in rice (Oryza sativa) and designated 3'-Phosphoadenosine 5'-Phosphosulfate Transporter1 (PAPST1). The papst1 mutant plants showed a defect in thylakoid development, resulting in leaf chlorosis at an early leaf developmental stage, while normal leaf development was restored 4 to 6 d after leaf emergence. OsPAPST1 is highly expressed in young leaves and roots, while the expression is reduced in mature leaves, in line with the recovery of chloroplast development seen in the older leaves of papst1 mutant plants. OsPAPST1 is located on the outer mitochondrial membrane and chloroplast envelope. Whole-genome transcriptomic analysis reveals reduced expression of genes encoding photosynthetic components (light reactions) in papst1 mutant plants. In addition, sulfur metabolism is also perturbed in papst1 plants, and it was seen that PAPST1 can act as a nucleotide transporter when expressed in Escherichia coli that can be inhibited significantly by 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate. Given these findings, together with the altered phenotype seen only when leaves are first exposed to light, it is proposed that PAPST1 may act as a 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate carrier that has been shown to act as a retrograde signal between chloroplasts and the nucleus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ping Wu
- Corresponding author; e-mail
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Chan KX, Wirtz M, Phua SY, Estavillo GM, Pogson BJ. Balancing metabolites in drought: the sulfur assimilation conundrum. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2013; 18:18-29. [PMID: 23040678 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2012.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2012] [Revised: 07/27/2012] [Accepted: 07/30/2012] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
A key plant response to drought is the accumulation of specific sets of metabolites that act as osmoprotectants, osmolytes, antioxidants, and/or stress signals. An emerging question is: how do plants regulate metabolism to balance the 'competing interests' between metabolites during stress? Recent research connects primary sulfur metabolism (e.g., sulfate transport in the vasculature, its assimilation in leaves, and the recycling of sulfur-containing compounds) with the drought stress response. In this review, we highlight key steps in sulfur metabolism that play significant roles in drought stress signaling and responses. We propose that a complex balancing act is required to coordinate primary and secondary sulfur metabolism during the drought stress response in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Xun Chan
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Ravilious GE, Jez JM. Nucleotide binding site communication in Arabidopsis thaliana adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate kinase. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:30385-94. [PMID: 22810229 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.387001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate kinase (APSK) catalyzes the ATP-dependent synthesis of adenosine 3'-phosphate 5'-phosphosulfate (PAPS), which is an essential metabolite for sulfur assimilation in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Using APSK from Arabidopsis thaliana, we examine the energetics of nucleotide binary and ternary complex formation and probe active site features that coordinate the order of ligand addition. Calorimetric analysis shows that binding can occur first at either nucleotide site, but that initial interaction at the ATP/ADP site was favored and enhanced affinity for APS in the second site by 50-fold. The thermodynamics of the two possible binding models (i.e. ATP first versus APS first) differs and implies that active site structural changes guide the order of nucleotide addition. The ligand binding analysis also supports an earlier suggestion of intermolecular interactions in the dimeric APSK structure. Crystallographic, site-directed mutagenesis, and energetic analyses of oxyanion recognition by the P-loop in the ATP/ADP binding site and the role of Asp(136), which bridges the ATP/ADP and APS/PAPS binding sites, suggest how the ordered nucleotide binding sequence and structural changes are dynamically coordinated for catalysis.
Collapse
|
30
|
Lee BR, Huseby S, Koprivova A, Chételat A, Wirtz M, Mugford ST, Navid E, Brearley C, Saha S, Mithen R, Hell R, Farmer EE, Kopriva S. Effects of fou8/fry1 mutation on sulfur metabolism: is decreased internal sulfate the trigger of sulfate starvation response? PLoS One 2012; 7:e39425. [PMID: 22724014 PMCID: PMC3377649 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0039425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2012] [Accepted: 05/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The fou8 loss of function allele of adenosine bisphosphate phosphatase FIERY1 results in numerous phenotypes including the increased enzymatic oxygenation of fatty acids and increased jasmonate synthesis. Here we show that the mutation causes also profound alterations of sulfur metabolism. The fou8 mutants possess lower levels of sulfated secondary compounds, glucosinolates, and accumulate the desulfo-precursors similar to previously described mutants in adenosine 5′phosphosulfate kinase. Transcript levels of genes involved in sulfate assimilation differ in fou8 compared to wild type Col-0 plants and are similar to plants subjected to sulfate deficiency. Indeed, independent microarray analyses of various alleles of mutants in FIERY1 showed similar patterns of gene expression as in sulfate deficient plants. This was not caused by alterations in signalling, as the fou8 mutants contained significantly lower levels of sulfate and glutathione and, consequently, of total elemental sulfur. Analysis of mutants with altered levels of sulfate and glutathione confirmed the correlation of sulfate deficiency-like gene expression pattern with low internal sulfate but not low glutathione. The changes in sulfur metabolism in fou8 correlated with massive increases in 3′-phosphoadenosine 5′-phosphate levels. The analysis of fou8 thus revealed that sulfate starvation response is triggered by a decrease in internal sulfate as opposed to external sulfate availability and that the presence of desulfo-glucosinolates does not induce the glucosinolate synthesis network. However, as well as resolving these important questions on the regulation of sulfate assimilation in plants, fou8 has also opened an array of new questions on the links between jasmonate synthesis and sulfur metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bok-Rye Lee
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Stine Huseby
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
- Department of Plant- and Environmental Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Aas, Norway
| | - Anna Koprivova
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Aurore Chételat
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Markus Wirtz
- Heidelberg Institute for Plant Sciences (HIP), Im Neuenheimer Feld 360, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sam T. Mugford
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Emily Navid
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Charles Brearley
- University of East Anglia, School of Biological Sciences, Norfolk, United Kingdom
| | - Shikha Saha
- Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Mithen
- Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Rüdiger Hell
- Heidelberg Institute for Plant Sciences (HIP), Im Neuenheimer Feld 360, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Edward E. Farmer
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Stanislav Kopriva
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Chen H, Li Z, Xiong L. A plant microRNA regulates the adaptation of roots to drought stress. FEBS Lett 2012; 586:1742-7. [PMID: 22613571 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2012.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2012] [Revised: 05/08/2012] [Accepted: 05/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Plants tend to restrict their horizontal root proliferation in response to drought stress, an adaptive response mediated by the phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) in antagonism with auxin through unknown mechanisms. Here, we found that stress-regulated miR393-guided cleavage of the transcripts encoding two auxin receptors, TIR1 and AFB2, was required for inhibition of lateral root growth by ABA or osmotic stress. Unlike in the control plants, the lateral root growth of seedlings expressing miR393-resistant TIR1 or AFB2 was no longer inhibited by ABA or osmotic stress. Our results indicate that miR393-mediated attenuation of auxin signaling modulates root adaptation to drought stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO 63132, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
van den Boom J, Heider D, Martin SR, Pastore A, Mueller JW. 3'-Phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate (PAPS) synthases, naturally fragile enzymes specifically stabilized by nucleotide binding. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:17645-17655. [PMID: 22451673 PMCID: PMC3366831 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.325498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Activated sulfate in the form of 3′-phosphoadenosine 5′-phosphosulfate (PAPS) is needed for all sulfation reactions in eukaryotes with implications for the build-up of extracellular matrices, retroviral infection, protein modification, and steroid metabolism. In metazoans, PAPS is produced by bifunctional PAPS synthases (PAPSS). A major question in the field is why two human protein isoforms, PAPSS1 and -S2, are required that cannot complement for each other. We provide evidence that these two proteins differ markedly in their stability as observed by unfolding monitored by intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence as well as circular dichroism spectroscopy. At 37 °C, the half-life for unfolding of PAPSS2 is in the range of minutes, whereas PAPSS1 remains structurally intact. In the presence of their natural ligand, the nucleotide adenosine 5′-phosphosulfate (APS), PAPS synthase proteins are stabilized. Invertebrates only possess one PAPS synthase enzyme that we classified as PAPSS2-type by sequence-based machine learning techniques. To test this prediction, we cloned and expressed the PPS-1 protein from the roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans and also subjected this protein to thermal unfolding. With respect to thermal unfolding and the stabilization by APS, PPS-1 behaved like the unstable human PAPSS2 protein suggesting that the less stable protein is evolutionarily older. Finally, APS binding more than doubled the half-life for unfolding of PAPSS2 at physiological temperatures and effectively prevented its aggregation on a time scale of days. We propose that protein stability is a major contributing factor for PAPS availability that has not as yet been considered. Moreover, naturally occurring changes in APS concentrations may be sensed by changes in the conformation of PAPSS2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes van den Boom
- Departments for Structural and Medicinal Biochemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45117 Essen, Germany; MRC National Institute for Medical Research, The Ridgeway, London NW7 1AA, United Kingdom
| | - Dominik Heider
- Departments for Bioinformatics, ZMB, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Stephen R Martin
- MRC National Institute for Medical Research, The Ridgeway, London NW7 1AA, United Kingdom
| | - Annalisa Pastore
- MRC National Institute for Medical Research, The Ridgeway, London NW7 1AA, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan W Mueller
- Departments for Structural and Medicinal Biochemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45117 Essen, Germany; MRC National Institute for Medical Research, The Ridgeway, London NW7 1AA, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Estavillo GM, Chan KX, Phua SY, Pogson BJ. Reconsidering the nature and mode of action of metabolite retrograde signals from the chloroplast. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2012; 3:300. [PMID: 23316207 PMCID: PMC3539676 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2012.00300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Accepted: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plant organelles produce retrograde signals to alter nuclear gene expression in order to coordinate their biogenesis, maintain homeostasis, or optimize their performance under adverse conditions. Many signals of different chemical nature have been described in the past decades, including chlorophyll intermediates, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and adenosine derivatives. While the effects of retrograde signaling on gene expression are well understood, the initiation and transport of the signals and their mode of action have either not been resolved, or are a matter of speculation. Moreover, retrograde signaling should be considered as part of a broader cellular network, instead of as separate pathways, required to adjust to changing physiologically relevant conditions. Here we summarize current plastid retrograde signaling models in plants, with a focus on new signaling pathways, SAL1-PAP, methylerythritol cyclodiphosphate (MEcPP), and β-cyclocitral (β-CC), and outline missing links or future areas of research that we believe need to be addressed to have a better understanding of plant intracellular signaling networks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Barry J. Pogson
- *Correspondence: Barry J. Pogson, ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy of Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. e-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Van Aken O, Whelan J. Comparison of transcriptional changes to chloroplast and mitochondrial perturbations reveals common and specific responses in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2012; 3:281. [PMID: 23269925 PMCID: PMC3529323 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2012.00281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Accepted: 11/26/2012] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Throughout the life of a plant, the biogenesis and fine-tuning of energy organelles is essential both under normal growth and stress conditions. Communication from organelle to nucleus is essential to adapt gene regulation and protein synthesis specifically to the current needs of the plant. This organelle-to-nuclear communication is termed retrograde signaling and has been studied extensively over the last decades. In this study we have used large-scale gene expression data sets relating to perturbations of chloroplast and mitochondrial function to gain further insights into plant retrograde signaling and how mitochondrial and chloroplast retrograde pathways interact and differ. Twenty seven studies were included that assess transcript profiles in response to chemical inhibition as well as genetic mutations of organellar proteins. The results show a highly significant overlap between gene expression changes triggered by chloroplast and mitochondrial perturbations. These overlapping gene expression changes appear to be common with general abiotic, biotic, and nutrient stresses. However, retrograde signaling pathways are capable of distinguishing the source of the perturbation as indicated by a statistical overrepresentation of changes in genes encoding proteins of the affected organelle. Organelle-specific overrepresented functional categories among others relate to energy metabolism and protein synthesis. Our analysis also suggests that WRKY transcription factors play a coordinating role on the interface of both organellar signaling pathways. Global comparison of the expression profiles for each experiment revealed that the recently identified chloroplast retrograde pathway using phospho-adenosine phosphate is possibly more related to mitochondrial than chloroplast perturbations. Furthermore, new marker genes have been identified that respond specifically to mitochondrial and/or chloroplast dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Van Aken
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, University of Western AustraliaCrawley, WA, Australia
| | - James Whelan
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, University of Western AustraliaCrawley, WA, Australia
- *Correspondence: James Whelan, ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, 6009 Crawley, WA, Australia. e-mail:
| |
Collapse
|