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Nath PR, Maclean M, Nagarajan V, Lee JW, Yakin M, Kumar A, Nadali H, Schmidt B, Kaya KD, Kodati S, Young A, Caspi RR, Kuiper JJW, Sen HN. Single-cell profiling identifies a CD8 bright CD244 bright Natural Killer cell subset that reflects disease activity in HLA-A29-positive birdshot chorioretinopathy. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6443. [PMID: 39085199 PMCID: PMC11291632 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50472-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Birdshot chorioretinopathy is an inflammatory eye condition strongly associated with MHC-I allele HLA-A29. The striking association with MHC-I suggests involvement of T cells, whereas natural killer (NK) cell involvement remains largely unstudied. Here we show that HLA-A29-positive birdshot chorioretinopathy patients have a skewed NK cell pool containing expanded CD16 positive NK cells which produce more proinflammatory cytokines. These NK cells contain populations that express CD8A which is involved in MHC-I recognition on target cells, display gene signatures indicative of high cytotoxic activity (GZMB, PRF1 and ISG15), and signaling through NK cell receptor CD244 (SH2D1B). Long-term monitoring of a cohort of birdshot chorioretinopathy patients with active disease identifies a population of CD8bright CD244bright NK cells, which rapidly declines to normal levels upon clinical remission following successful treatment. Collectively, these studies implicate CD8bright CD244bright NK cells in birdshot chorioretinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pulak R Nath
- Clinical and Translational Immunology Unit, Laboratory of Immunology, NEI, NIH, Bethesda, USA.
- Lentigen Technology Inc., A Miltenyi Biotec Company, 910 Clopper Road, Gaithersburg, MD, 20878, USA.
| | - Mary Maclean
- Clinical and Translational Immunology Unit, Laboratory of Immunology, NEI, NIH, Bethesda, USA
- Translational Immunology Section, Office of Science and Technology, NIAMS, Bethesda, NIH, USA
| | - Vijay Nagarajan
- Clinical and Translational Immunology Unit, Laboratory of Immunology, NEI, NIH, Bethesda, USA
- Immunoregulation Section, Laboratory of Immunology, NEI, NIH, Bethesda, USA
| | - Jung Wha Lee
- Clinical and Translational Immunology Unit, Laboratory of Immunology, NEI, NIH, Bethesda, USA
| | - Mehmet Yakin
- Clinical and Translational Immunology Unit, Laboratory of Immunology, NEI, NIH, Bethesda, USA
| | - Aman Kumar
- Clinical and Translational Immunology Unit, Laboratory of Immunology, NEI, NIH, Bethesda, USA
| | - Hadi Nadali
- Clinical and Translational Immunology Unit, Laboratory of Immunology, NEI, NIH, Bethesda, USA
| | - Brian Schmidt
- NIH Intramural Sequencing Center, NIH, Rockville, USA
| | - Koray D Kaya
- Medical Genetics and Ophthalmic Genomics Unit, NEI, NIH, Bethesda, USA
| | - Shilpa Kodati
- Clinical and Translational Immunology Unit, Laboratory of Immunology, NEI, NIH, Bethesda, USA
| | - Alice Young
- NIH Intramural Sequencing Center, NIH, Rockville, USA
| | - Rachel R Caspi
- Immunoregulation Section, Laboratory of Immunology, NEI, NIH, Bethesda, USA
| | - Jonas J W Kuiper
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.
| | - H Nida Sen
- Clinical and Translational Immunology Unit, Laboratory of Immunology, NEI, NIH, Bethesda, USA
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2
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Chung DC, Garcia-Batres CR, Millar DG, Wong SWY, Elford AR, Mathews JA, Wang BX, Nguyen LT, Shaw PA, Clarke BA, Bernardini MQ, Sacher AG, Crome SQ, Ohashi PS. Generation of an Inhibitory NK Cell Subset by TGF-β1/IL-15 Polarization. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2024; 212:1904-1912. [PMID: 38668728 PMCID: PMC11149900 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
NK cells have been shown to exhibit inflammatory and immunoregulatory functions in a variety of healthy and diseased settings. In the context of chronic viral infection and cancer, distinct NK cell populations that inhibit adaptive immune responses have been observed. To understand how these cells arise and further characterize their immunosuppressive role, we examined in vitro conditions that could polarize human NK cells into an inhibitory subset. TGF-β1 has been shown to induce regulatory T cells in vitro and in vivo; we therefore investigated if TGF-β1 could also induce immunosuppressive NK-like cells. First, we found that TGF-β1/IL-15, but not IL-15 alone, induced CD103+CD49a+ NK-like cells from peripheral blood NK cells, which expressed markers previously associated with inhibitory CD56+ innate lymphoid cells, including high expression of GITR and CD101. Moreover, supernatant from ascites collected from patients with ovarian carcinoma also induced CD103+CD49a+ NK-like cells in vitro in a TGF-β-dependent manner. Interestingly, TGF-β1/IL-15-induced CD103+CD56+ NK-like cells suppressed autologous CD4+ T cells in vitro by reducing absolute number, proliferation, and expression of activation marker CD25. Collectively, these findings provide new insight into how NK cells may acquire an inhibitory phenotype in TGF-β1-rich environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas C. Chung
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Tumour Immunotherapy Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Carlos R. Garcia-Batres
- Tumour Immunotherapy Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Douglas G. Millar
- Tumour Immunotherapy Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Stephanie W. Y. Wong
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Tumour Immunotherapy Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Alisha R. Elford
- Tumour Immunotherapy Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jessica A. Mathews
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Ajmera Transplant Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ben X. Wang
- Tumour Immunotherapy Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Linh T. Nguyen
- Tumour Immunotherapy Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Patricia A. Shaw
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Blaise A. Clarke
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Marcus Q. Bernardini
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Adrian G. Sacher
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medical Oncology & Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sarah Q. Crome
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Ajmera Transplant Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Pamela S. Ohashi
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Tumour Immunotherapy Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
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3
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Aliyu M, Zohora FT, Ceylan A, Hossain F, Yazdani R, Azizi G. Immunopathogenesis of multiple sclerosis: molecular and cellular mechanisms and new immunotherapeutic approaches. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2024; 46:355-377. [PMID: 38634438 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2024.2330642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a central nervous system (CNS) demyelinating autoimmune disease with increasing global prevalence. It predominantly affects females, especially those of European descent. The interplay between environmental factors and genetic predisposition plays a crucial role in MS etiopathogenesis. METHODS We searched recent relevant literature on reputable databases, which include, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, and ScienceDirect using the following keywords: multiple sclerosis, pathogenesis, autoimmunity, demyelination, therapy, and immunotherapy. RESULTS Various animal models have been employed to investigate the MS etiopathogenesis and therapeutics. Autoreactive T cells within the CNS recruit myeloid cells through chemokine expression, leading to the secretion of inflammatory cytokines driving the MS pathogenesis, resulting in demyelination, gliosis, and axonal loss. Key players include T cell lymphocytes (CD4+ and CD8+), B cells, and neutrophils. Signaling dysregulation in inflammatory pathways and the immunogenetic basis of MS are essential considerations for any successful therapy to MS. Data indicates that B cells and neutrophils also have significant roles in MS, despite the common belief that T cells are essential. High neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratios correlate with MS severity, indicating their contribution to disease progression. Dysregulated signaling pathways further exacerbate MS progression. CONCLUSION MS remains incurable, but disease-modifying therapies, monoclonal antibodies, and immunomodulatory drugs offer hope for patients. Research on the immunogenetics and immunoregulatory functions of gut microbiota is continuing to provide light on possible treatment avenues. Understanding the complex interplay between genetic predisposition, environmental factors, and immune dysregulation is critical for developing effective treatments for MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansur Aliyu
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, International Campus, TUMS-IC, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Clinical Science, College of Health Sciences, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Fatema Tuz Zohora
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Ayca Ceylan
- Medical Faculty, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Immunology and Allergy, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Fariha Hossain
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Reza Yazdani
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Gholamreza Azizi
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
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4
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Ding J, Yan X, Zhao C, Zhao D, Jia Y, Ren K, Wang Y, Lu J, Sun T, Zhao S, Li H, Guo J. The ratio of circulating CD56 dim NK cells to follicular T helper cells as a promising predictor for disease activity of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e31533. [PMID: 38803865 PMCID: PMC11128518 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system primarily mediated by CD4+ T helper cells. This study investigated the dynamic changes of natural killer (NK) cells and follicular T helper (Tfh) cells and their associations in relapsing-remitting MS patients. The findings revealed inverse relationships between NK cells and CD4+ T cells or Tfh cells. Specifically, CD56dim NK cells, not CD56bright NK cells, were negatively correlated with CD4+ T cells and Tfh cells. However, no significant correlations were found between NK cells and sNfL levels or EDSS scores. The ratio of CD56dim NK cells to circulating Tfh (cTfh) cells demonstrated superior discriminatory ability in distinguishing relapsing MS patients from healthy controls (HCs) and remitting patients, as determined by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Following treatment with immunosuppressants or disease-modifying therapies (DMTs), a significant increase in the CD56dim NK/cTfh ratio was observed. These findings suggest that the CD56dim NK/cTfh ratio holds promise as a prognostic indicator for clinical relapse and treatment response in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Ding
- Department of Neurology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Xu Yan
- Department of Neurology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Cong Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Air Force Medical Center of PLA, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Daidi Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Yan Jia
- Department of Neurology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Kaixi Ren
- Department of Neurology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Neurology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Jiarui Lu
- Department of Neurology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Tangna Sun
- Department of Neurology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Sijia Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Hongzeng Li
- Department of Neurology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Jun Guo
- Department of Neurology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
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5
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Zheng CQ, Zeng LJ, Liu ZH, Miao CF, Yao LY, Song HT, Hu XM, Zhou X. Insights into the Roles of Natural Killer Cells in Osteoarthritis. Immunol Invest 2024:1-22. [PMID: 38622991 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2024.2337025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is now widely acknowledged as a low-grade inflammatory condition, in which the intrinsic immune system plays a significant role in its pathogenesis. While the involvement of macrophages and T cells in the development of OA has been extensively reviewed, recent research has provided mounting evidence supporting the crucial contribution of NK cells in both the initiation and advancement of OA. Accumulated evidence has emerged in recent years indicating that NK cells play a critical role in OA development and progression. This review will outline the ongoing understanding of the utility of NK cells in the etiology of OA, focusing on how NK cells interact with chondrocytes, synoviocytes, osteoclasts, and other immune cells to influence the course of OA disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Qing Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, 900TH Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling-Jun Zeng
- Department of Pharmacy, 900TH Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Hong Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, 900TH Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen-Fang Miao
- Department of Pharmacy, 900TH Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling-Yan Yao
- Department of Pharmacy, 900TH Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Tao Song
- Department of Pharmacy, 900TH Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Mu Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, 900TH Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, 900TH Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
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6
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Mohammadi V, Maleki AJ, Nazari M, Siahmansouri A, Moradi A, Elahi R, Esmaeilzadeh A. Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR)-Based Cell Therapy for Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM); Current Progress and Future Approaches. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2024; 20:585-600. [PMID: 38153634 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-023-10668-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is an autoimmune disease that destroys insulin-producing pancreatic β-cells. Insulin replacement therapy is currently the mainstay of treatment for T1DM; however, treatment with insulin does not ameliorate disease progression, as dysregulated immune response and inflammation continue to cause further pancreatic β-cell degradation. Therefore, shifting therapeutic strategies toward immunomodulating approaches could be effective to prevent and reverse disease progression. Different immune-modulatory therapies could be used, e.g., monoclonal-based immunotherapy, mesenchymal stem cell, and immune cell therapy. Since immune-modulatory approaches could have a systemic effect on the immune system and cause toxicity, more specific treatment options should target the immune response against pancreatic β-cells. In this regard, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-based immunotherapy could be a promising candidate for modulation of dysregulated immune function in T1DM. CAR-based therapy has previously been approved for a number of hematologic malignancies. Nevertheless, there is renewed interest in CAR T cells' " off-the-shelf " treatment for T1DM. Several pre-clinical studies demonstrated that redirecting antigen-specific CAR T cells, especially regulatory CAR T cells (CAR Tregs), toward the pancreatic β-cells, could prevent diabetes onset and progression in diabetic mice models. Here, we aim to review the current progress of CAR-based immune-cell therapy for T1DM and the corresponding challenges, with a special focus on designing CAR-based immunomodulatory strategies to improve its efficacy in the treatment of T1DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Mohammadi
- School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | | | - Mahdis Nazari
- School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Amir Siahmansouri
- School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Amirhosein Moradi
- School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Reza Elahi
- School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Abdolreza Esmaeilzadeh
- Department of Immunology, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.
- Cancer Gene Therapy Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.
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7
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Karaselek MA, Kurar E, Keleş S, Güner ŞN, Reisli İ. Association of NK cell subsets and cytotoxicity with FCGR3A gene polymorphism in functional NK cell deficiency. REVISTA DA ASSOCIACAO MEDICA BRASILEIRA (1992) 2024; 70:e20230872. [PMID: 38422319 PMCID: PMC10903273 DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.20230872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to assess the association between clinical, laboratory, and functional analyses and polymorphism in the FCGR3A gene in individuals with functional NK cell deficiency. METHODS A total of 15 functional NK cell deficiency patients and 10 age-matched healthy controls underwent NK cell subgroup, cytotoxicity, and FCGR3A whole-exome analysis with next-generation sequencing. RESULTS Three different NK cell subsets (CD56brightCD16neg, CD56brightCD16int, and CD56dimCD16hi) were identified. No statistically significant difference was found in the ratio of CD56brightCD16neg cells between patients and controls. CD56brightCD16int and CD56dimCD16hi ratios were found to be significantly lower in patients. As a result of NK cell cytotoxicity analysis, a proportional decrease of K562 amount between patients and controls was found to be statistically significant (p<0.001). In the FCGR3A whole-exome analysis, all patients were found to be homozygous mutant for the c.526G > T (p.V176F) in exon 4, while three patients were homozygous wild type and 12 patients were heterozygous for the c.197T>A (p.L66H) in exon 3. CONCLUSION In this study, a group of pediatric patients with suspected functional NK cell deficiency were evaluated and the findings indicated that NK subsets, cytotoxicity results, and FCGR3A gene polymorphism were found to be correlated with the clinical features. We conclude that this kind of study might contribute to follow-up the patients in time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Ali Karaselek
- Necmettin Erbakan University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology - Konya, Turkey
| | - Ercan Kurar
- Necmettin Erbakan University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology - Konya, Turkey
| | - Sevgi Keleş
- Necmettin Erbakan University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Immunology and Allergy - Konya, Turkey
| | - Şükrü Nail Güner
- Necmettin Erbakan University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Immunology and Allergy - Konya, Turkey
| | - İsmail Reisli
- Necmettin Erbakan University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Immunology and Allergy - Konya, Turkey
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8
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Rodriguez-Mogeda C, van Ansenwoude CMJ, van der Molen L, Strijbis EMM, Mebius RE, de Vries HE. The role of CD56 bright NK cells in neurodegenerative disorders. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:48. [PMID: 38350967 PMCID: PMC10865604 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-024-03040-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests a potential role for natural killer (NK) cells in neurodegenerative diseases, such as multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. However, the precise function of NK cells in these diseases remains ambiguous. The existence of two NK cell subsets, CD56bright and CD56dim NK cells, complicates the understanding of the contribution of NK cells in neurodegeneration as their functions within the context of neurodegenerative diseases may differ significantly. CD56bright NK cells are potent cytokine secretors and are considered more immunoregulatory and less terminally differentiated than their mostly cytotoxic CD56dim counterparts. Hence, this review focusses on NK cells, specifically on CD56bright NK cells, and their role in neurodegenerative diseases. Moreover, it explores the mechanisms underlying their ability to enter the central nervous system. By consolidating current knowledge, we aim to provide a comprehensive overview on the role of CD56bright NK cells in neurodegenerative diseases. Elucidating their impact on neurodegeneration may have implications for future therapeutic interventions, potentially ameliorating disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Rodriguez-Mogeda
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Chaja M J van Ansenwoude
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lennart van der Molen
- IQ Health Science Department, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Eva M M Strijbis
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Reina E Mebius
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Helga E de Vries
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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9
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Jin WJ, Jagodinsky JC, Vera JM, Clark PA, Zuleger CL, Erbe AK, Ong IM, Le T, Tetreault K, Berg T, Rakhmilevich AL, Kim K, Newton MA, Albertini MR, Sondel PM, Morris ZS. NK cells propagate T cell immunity following in situ tumor vaccination. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113556. [PMID: 38096050 PMCID: PMC10843551 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
We report an in situ vaccination, adaptable to nearly any type of cancer, that combines radiotherapy targeting one tumor and intratumoral injection of this site with tumor-specific antibody and interleukin-2 (IL-2; 3xTx). In a phase I clinical trial, administration of 3xTx (with an immunocytokine fusion of tumor-specific antibody and IL-2, hu14.18-IL2) to subjects with metastatic melanoma increases peripheral CD8+ T cell effector polyfunctionality. This suggests the potential for 3xTx to promote antitumor immunity against metastatic tumors. In poorly immunogenic syngeneic murine melanoma or head and neck carcinoma models, 3xTx stimulates CD8+ T cell-mediated antitumor responses at targeted and non-targeted tumors. During 3xTx treatment, natural killer (NK) cells promote CTLA4+ regulatory T cell (Treg) apoptosis in non-targeted tumors. This is dependent on NK cell expression of CD86, which is upregulated downstream of KLRK1. NK cell depletion increases Treg infiltration, diminishing CD8+ T cell-dependent antitumor response. These findings demonstrate that NK cells sustain and propagate CD8+ T cell immunity following 3xTx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Jong Jin
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792, USA
| | - Justin C Jagodinsky
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792, USA
| | - Jessica M Vera
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792, USA
| | - Paul A Clark
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792, USA
| | - Cindy L Zuleger
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792, USA
| | - Amy K Erbe
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792, USA
| | - Irene M Ong
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792, USA
| | - Trang Le
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792, USA
| | - Kaitlin Tetreault
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792, USA
| | - Tracy Berg
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792, USA
| | - Alexander L Rakhmilevich
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792, USA
| | - KyungMann Kim
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792, USA
| | - Michael A Newton
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792, USA
| | - Mark R Albertini
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792, USA; Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53792, USA; The Medical Service, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI 53792, USA
| | - Paul M Sondel
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792, USA
| | - Zachary S Morris
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792, USA.
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10
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Ning Z, Liu Y, Guo D, Lin WJ, Tang Y. Natural killer cells in the central nervous system. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:341. [PMID: 38031097 PMCID: PMC10685650 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01324-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are essential components of the innate lymphoid cell family that work as both cytotoxic effectors and immune regulators. Accumulating evidence points to interactions between NK cells and the central nervous system (CNS). Here, we review the basic knowledge of NK cell biology and recent advances in their roles in the healthy CNS and pathological conditions, with a focus on normal aging, CNS autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, cerebrovascular diseases, and CNS infections. We highlight the crosstalk between NK cells and diverse cell types in the CNS and the potential value of NK cells as novel therapeutic targets for CNS diseases. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Ning
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Brain Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Brain Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Daji Guo
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Brain Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Wei-Jye Lin
- Brain Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Nanhai Translational Innovation Center of Precision Immunology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Foshan, 528200, China
| | - Yamei Tang
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
- Brain Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
- Nanhai Translational Innovation Center of Precision Immunology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Foshan, 528200, China.
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11
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Jiang H, Jiang J. Balancing act: the complex role of NK cells in immune regulation. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1275028. [PMID: 38022497 PMCID: PMC10652757 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1275028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells, as fundamental components of innate immunity, can quickly react to abnormalities within the body. In-depth research has revealed that NK cells possess regulatory functions not only in innate immunity but also in adaptive immunity under various conditions. Multiple aspects of the adaptive immune process are regulated through NK cells. In our review, we have integrated multiple studies to illuminate the regulatory function of NK cells in regulating B cell and T cell responses during adaptive immune processes, focusing on aspects including viral infections and the tumor microenvironment (TME). These insights provide us with many new understandings on how NK cells regulate different phases of the adaptive immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Jiang
- Department of Tumor Biological Treatment, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Tumor Immunotherapy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institute for Cell Therapy, Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingting Jiang
- Department of Tumor Biological Treatment, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Tumor Immunotherapy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institute for Cell Therapy, Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
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12
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Hegewisch-Solloa E, Melsen JE, Ravichandran H, Rendeiro AF, Freud AG, Mundy-Bosse B, Melms JC, Eisman SE, Izar B, Grunstein E, Connors TJ, Elemento O, Horowitz A, Mace EM. Mapping human natural killer cell development in pediatric tonsil by imaging mass cytometry and high-resolution microscopy. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.05.556371. [PMID: 37732282 PMCID: PMC10508773 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.05.556371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells develop from CD34+ progenitors in a stage-specific manner defined by changes in cell surface receptor expression and function. Secondary lymphoid tissues, including tonsil, are sites of human NK cell development. Here we present new insights into human NK cell development in pediatric tonsil using cyclic immunofluorescence and imaging mass cytometry. We show that NK cell subset localization and interactions are dependent on NK cell developmental stage and tissue residency. NK cell progenitors are found in the interfollicular domain in proximity to cytokine-expressing stromal cells that promote proliferation and maturation. Mature NK cells are primarily found in the T-cell rich parafollicular domain engaging in cell-cell interactions that differ depending on their stage and tissue residency. The presence of local inflammation results in changes in NK cell interactions, abundance, and localization. This study provides the first comprehensive atlas of human NK cell development in secondary lymphoid tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Everardo Hegewisch-Solloa
- Department of Pediatrics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York NY 10032
| | - Janine E Melsen
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Laboratory for Pediatric Immunology, Willem-Alexander Children's Hospital, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hiranmayi Ravichandran
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - André F Rendeiro
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14 AKH BT 25.3, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Aharon G Freud
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center and The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Bethany Mundy-Bosse
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center and The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Johannes C Melms
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032
| | - Shira E Eisman
- Department of Pediatrics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York NY 10032
| | - Benjamin Izar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032
- Program for Mathematical Genomics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032
| | - Eli Grunstein
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032
| | - Thomas J Connors
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care and Hospital Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10024
| | - Olivier Elemento
- Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065
| | - Amir Horowitz
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Precision Immunology Institute, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029
| | - Emily M Mace
- Department of Pediatrics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York NY 10032
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13
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Lee M, Bell CJM, Rubio Garcia A, Godfrey L, Pekalski M, Wicker LS, Todd JA, Ferreira RC. CD56 bright natural killer cells preferentially kill proliferating CD4 + T cells. DISCOVERY IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 2:kyad012. [PMID: 37649552 PMCID: PMC10465185 DOI: 10.1093/discim/kyad012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Human CD56br natural killer (NK) cells represent a small subset of CD56+ NK cells in circulation and are largely tissue-resident. The frequency and number of CD56br NK cells in blood has been shown to increase following administration of low-dose IL-2 (LD-IL2), a therapy aimed to specifically expand CD4+ regulatory T cells (Tregs). Given the potential clinical application of LD-IL-2 immunotherapy across several immune diseases, including the autoimmune disease type 1 diabetes, a better understanding of the functional consequences of this expansion is urgently needed. In this study, we developed an in vitro co-culture assay with activated CD4+ T cells to measure NK cell killing efficiency. We show that CD56br and CD56dim NK cells show similar efficiency at killing activated CD4+ conventional T (Tconv) and Treg cell subsets. However, in contrast to CD56dim cells, CD56br NK cells preferentially target highly proliferative cells. We hypothesize that CD56br NK cells have an immunoregulatory role through the elimination of proliferating autoreactive CD4+ Tconv cells that have escaped Treg suppression. These results have implications for the interpretation of current and future trials of LD-IL-2 by providing evidence for a new, possibly beneficial immunomodulatory mechanism of LD-IL-2-expanded CD56br NK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercede Lee
- JDRF/Wellcome Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Charles J M Bell
- JDRF/Wellcome Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Arcadio Rubio Garcia
- JDRF/Wellcome Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Leila Godfrey
- JDRF/Wellcome Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Marcin Pekalski
- JDRF/Wellcome Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Linda S Wicker
- JDRF/Wellcome Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - John A Todd
- JDRF/Wellcome Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ricardo C Ferreira
- JDRF/Wellcome Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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14
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Carannante V, Wiklund M, Önfelt B. In vitro models to study natural killer cell dynamics in the tumor microenvironment. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1135148. [PMID: 37457703 PMCID: PMC10338882 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1135148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy is revolutionizing cancer therapy. The rapid development of new immunotherapeutic strategies to treat solid tumors is posing new challenges for preclinical research, demanding novel in vitro methods to test treatments. Such methods should meet specific requirements, such as enabling the evaluation of immune cell responses like cytotoxicity or cytokine release, and infiltration into the tumor microenvironment using cancer models representative of the original disease. They should allow high-throughput and high-content analysis, to evaluate the efficacy of treatments and understand immune-evasion processes to facilitate development of new therapeutic targets. Ideally, they should be suitable for personalized immunotherapy testing, providing information for patient stratification. Consequently, the application of in vitro 3-dimensional (3D) cell culture models, such as tumor spheroids and organoids, is rapidly expanding in the immunotherapeutic field, coupled with the development of novel imaging-based techniques and -omic analysis. In this paper, we review the recent advances in the development of in vitro 3D platforms applied to natural killer (NK) cell-based cancer immunotherapy studies, highlighting the benefits and limitations of the current methods, and discuss new concepts and future directions of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Carannante
- Department of Applied Physics, Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Wiklund
- Department of Applied Physics, Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Björn Önfelt
- Department of Applied Physics, Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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15
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Kim HW, Wang S, Davies AJ, Oh SB. The therapeutic potential of natural killer cells in neuropathic pain. Trends Neurosci 2023:S0166-2236(23)00133-9. [PMID: 37385878 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2023.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Novel disease-modifying treatments for neuropathic pain are urgently required. The cellular immune response to nerve injury represents a promising target for therapeutic development. Recently, the role of natural killer (NK) cells in both CNS and PNS disease has been the subject of growing interest. In this opinion article, we set out the case for NK cell-based intervention as a promising avenue for development in the management of neuropathic pain. We explore the potential cellular and molecular targets of NK cells in the PNS by contrasting with their reported functional roles in CNS diseases, and we suggest strategies for using the beneficial functions of NK cells and immune-based therapeutics in the context of neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyoung Woo Kim
- Department of Neurobiology and Physiology, School of Dentistry, and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Shuaiwei Wang
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Alexander J Davies
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK.
| | - Seog Bae Oh
- Department of Neurobiology and Physiology, School of Dentistry, and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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16
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Mora-Bitria L, Asquith B. Innate receptors modulating adaptive T cell responses: KIR-HLA interactions and T cell-mediated control of chronic viral infections. Immunogenetics 2023; 75:269-282. [PMID: 36719466 PMCID: PMC9887252 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-023-01293-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) are mainly expressed on natural killer (NK) cells and are key regulators of innate immune responses. NK cells are the first responders in the face of infection and help promote placentation during pregnancy; the importance of KIRs in these NK-mediated processes is well-established. However, mounting evidence suggests that KIRs also have a prominent and long-lasting effect on the adaptive immune system. Here, we review the evidence for the impact of KIRs on T cell responses with a focus on the clinical significance of this interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Mora-Bitria
- Department of Infectious Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Becca Asquith
- Department of Infectious Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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17
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Zhang Q, Zhang S, Chen J, Xie Z. The Interplay between Integrins and Immune Cells as a Regulator in Cancer Immunology. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:6170. [PMID: 37047140 PMCID: PMC10093897 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Integrins are a group of heterodimers consisting of α and β subunits that mediate a variety of physiological activities of immune cells, including cell migration, adhesion, proliferation, survival, and immunotolerance. Multiple types of integrins act differently on the same immune cells, while the same integrin may exert various effects on different immune cells. In the development of cancer, integrins are involved in the regulation of cancer cell proliferation, invasion, migration, and angiogenesis; conversely, integrins promote immune cell aggregation to mediate the elimination of tumors. The important roles of integrins in cancer progression have provided valuable clues for the diagnosis and targeted treatment of cancer. Furthermore, many integrin inhibitors have been investigated in clinical trials to explore effective regimens and reduce side effects. Due to the complexity of the mechanism of integrin-mediated cancer progression, challenges remain in the research and development of cancer immunotherapies (CITs). This review enumerates the effects of integrins on four types of immune cells and the potential mechanisms involved in the progression of cancer, which will provide ideas for more optimal CIT in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingfang Zhang
- College of Basic Medical, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
- Queen Mary School, Medical Department, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- College of Basic Medical, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
- Queen Mary School, Medical Department, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Jianrui Chen
- College of Basic Medical, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
- Queen Mary School, Medical Department, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Zhenzhen Xie
- College of Basic Medical, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
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18
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Mace EM. Human natural killer cells: Form, function, and development. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2023; 151:371-385. [PMID: 36195172 PMCID: PMC9905317 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Human natural killer (NK) cells are innate lymphoid cells that mediate important effector functions in the control of viral infection and malignancy. Their ability to distinguish "self" from "nonself" and lyse virally infected and tumorigenic cells through germline-encoded receptors makes them important players in maintaining human health and a powerful tool for immunotherapeutic applications and fighting disease. This review introduces our current understanding of NK cell biology, including key facets of NK cell differentiation and the acquisition and execution of NK cell effector function. Further, it addresses the clinical relevance of NK cells in both primary immunodeficiency and immunotherapy. It is intended to provide an up-to-date and comprehensive overview of this important and interesting innate immune effector cell subset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily M Mace
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York.
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19
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Chen PC, Kaur K, Ko MW, Huerta-Yepez S, Jain Y, Jewett A. Regulation of Cytotoxic Immune Effector Function by AJ3 Probiotic Bacteria in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). Crit Rev Immunol 2023; 43:13-26. [PMID: 37522558 DOI: 10.1615/critrevimmunol.2023047231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Our recent studies indicated that amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients suffer from significantly elevated levels of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) secretion by natural killer (NK) and CD8+ T cells, which may be responsible for the immune-pathologies seen in central nervous system and in peripheral organs of the patients. In order to counter such elevated induction of IFN-γ in patients we designed a treatment strategy to increase anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10) by the use of probiotic strains which significantly increase the levels of IL-10. Therefore, in this paper we demonstrate disease specific functions of Al-Pro (AJ3) formulated for the adjunct treatment of auto-immune diseases including ALS, and compared the function with CA/I-Pro (AJ4) for the treatment of cancer and viral diseases, and NK-CLK (AJ2) for maintenance of immune balance and promotion of disease prevention. The three different formulations of probiotic bacteria have distinct profiles of activation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), NK, and CD8+ T cells, and their induced activation is different from those mediated by either IL-2 or IL-2 + anti-CD16 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) or IL-2 + anti-CD3/CD28 mAbs. IL-2 + anti-CD16 mAb activation of PBMCs and NK cells had the highest IFN-γ/IL-10 ratio, whereas IL-2 combination with sAJ4 had the next highest followed by IL-2 + sAJ2 and the lowest was seen with IL-2 + sAJ3. Accordingly, the highest secretion of IFN-γ was seen when the PBMCs and NK cells were treated with IL-2 + sAJ4, intermediate for IL-2 + sAJ2 and the lowest with IL-2 + sAJ3. The levels of IFN-γ induction and the ratio of IFN-γ to IL-10 induced by different probiotic bacteria formulation in the absence of IL-2 treatment remained much lower when compared to those treated in the presence of IL-2. Of note is the difference between NK cells and CD8+ T cells in which synergistic induction of IFN-y by IL-2 + sAJ4 was significantly higher in NK cells than those seen by CD8+ T cells. Based on these results, sAJ3 should be effective in alleviating auto-immunity seen in ALS since it will greatly regulate the levels and function of IFN-γ negatively, decreasing overactivation of cytotoxic immune effectors and prevention of death in motor neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Chun Chen
- Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, The Jane and Jerry Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, University of California School of Dentistry, 10833 Le Conte Ave, 90095 Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kawaljit Kaur
- Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, The Jane and Jerry Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, University of California School of Dentistry, 10833 Le Conte Ave, 90095 Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Meng-Wei Ko
- Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, The Jane and Jerry Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, University of California School of Dentistry, 10833 Le Conte Ave, 90095 Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sara Huerta-Yepez
- Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, The Jane and Jerry Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, University of California School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yash Jain
- Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, The Jane and Jerry Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, University of California School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Anahid Jewett
- Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, The Jane and Jerry Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, University of California School of Dentistry, 10833 Le Conte Ave, 90095 Los Angeles, CA, USA; The Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA School of Dentistry and Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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20
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miR-221-5p and miR-186-5p Are the Critical Bladder Cancer Derived Exosomal miRNAs in Natural Killer Cell Dysfunction. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315177. [PMID: 36499501 PMCID: PMC9740765 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BC) is the tenth most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide, and its carcinogenesis mechanism has not been fully elucidated. BC is able to induce natural killer (NK) cell dysfunction and escape immune surveillance. The present study found that exosomes derived from the urinary bladder cancer cell line (T24 cell) contribute in generating NK cell dysfunction by impairing viability, and inhibiting the cytotoxicity of the NK cell on target cells. Meanwhile, T24 cell-derived exosomes inhibited the expression of the important functional receptors NKG2D, NKp30, and CD226 on NK cells as well as the secretion of perforin and granzyme-B. The critical miRNAs with high expression in T24 cell-derived exosomes were identified using high-throughput sequencing. Furthermore, following dual-luciferase reporter assay and transfection experiments, miR-221-5p and miR-186-5p were confirmed as interfering with the stability of the mRNAs of DAP10, CD96, and the perforin gene in NK cells and may be potential targets used in the therapy for BC.
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21
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Attfield KE, Jensen LT, Kaufmann M, Friese MA, Fugger L. The immunology of multiple sclerosis. Nat Rev Immunol 2022; 22:734-750. [PMID: 35508809 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-022-00718-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Our incomplete understanding of the causes and pathways involved in the onset and progression of multiple sclerosis (MS) limits our ability to effectively treat this complex neurological disease. Recent studies explore the role of immune cells at different stages of MS and how they interact with cells of the central nervous system (CNS). The findings presented here begin to question the exclusivity of an antigen-specific cause and highlight how seemingly distinct immune cell types can share common functions that drive disease. Innovative techniques further expose new disease-associated immune cell populations and reinforce how environmental context is critical to their phenotype and subsequent role in disease. Importantly, the differentiation of immune cells into a pathogenic state is potentially reversible through therapeutic manipulation. As such, understanding the mechanisms that provide plasticity to causal cell types is likely key to uncoupling these disease processes and may identify novel therapeutic targets that replace the need for cell ablation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrine E Attfield
- Oxford Centre for Neuroinflammation, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Oxford University Hospitals, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Lise Torp Jensen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Max Kaufmann
- Institut für Neuroimmunologie und Multiple Sklerose, Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie Hamburg, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Manuel A Friese
- Institut für Neuroimmunologie und Multiple Sklerose, Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie Hamburg, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lars Fugger
- Oxford Centre for Neuroinflammation, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Oxford University Hospitals, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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22
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Hernandez R, Põder J, LaPorte KM, Malek TR. Engineering IL-2 for immunotherapy of autoimmunity and cancer. Nat Rev Immunol 2022; 22:614-628. [PMID: 35217787 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-022-00680-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Preclinical studies of the T cell growth factor activity of IL-2 resulted in this cytokine becoming the first immunotherapy to be approved nearly 30 years ago by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of cancer. Since then, we have learnt the important role of IL-2 in regulating tolerance through regulatory T cells (Treg cells) besides promoting immunity through its action on effector T cells and memory T cells. Another pivotal event in the history of IL-2 research was solving the crystal structure of IL-2 bound to its tripartite receptor, which spurred the development of cell type-selective engineered IL-2 products. These new IL-2 analogues target Treg cells to counteract the dysregulated immune system in the context of autoimmunity and inflammatory disorders or target effector T cells, memory T cells and natural killer cells to enhance their antitumour responses. IL-2 biologics have proven to be effective in preclinical studies and clinical assessment of some is now underway. These studies will soon reveal whether engineered IL-2 biologics are truly capable of harnessing the IL-2-IL-2 receptor pathway as effective monotherapies or combination therapies for autoimmunity and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosmely Hernandez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Janika Põder
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Kathryn M LaPorte
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Thomas R Malek
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.
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23
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Chaft JE, Oezkan F, Kris MG, Bunn PA, Wistuba II, Kwiatkowski DJ, Owen DH, Tang Y, Johnson BE, Lee JM, Lozanski G, Pietrzak M, Seweryn M, Byun WY, Schulze K, Nicholas A, Johnson A, Grindheim J, Hilz S, Shames DS, Rivard C, Toloza E, Haura EB, McNamee CJ, Patterson GA, Waqar SN, Rusch VW, Carbone DP. Neoadjuvant atezolizumab for resectable non-small cell lung cancer: an open-label, single-arm phase II trial. Nat Med 2022; 28:2155-2161. [PMID: 36097216 PMCID: PMC9556329 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-022-01962-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In an ongoing, open-label, single-arm phase II study ( NCT02927301 ), 181 patients with untreated, resectable, stage IB-IIIB non-small cell lung cancer received two doses of neoadjuvant atezolizumab monotherapy. The primary end point was major pathological response (MPR; ≤10% viable malignant cells) in resected tumors without EGFR or ALK alterations. Of the 143 patients in the primary end point analysis, the MPR was 20% (95% confidence interval, 14-28%). With a minimum duration of follow-up of 3 years, the 3-year survival rate of 80% was encouraging. The most common adverse events during the neoadjuvant phase were fatigue (39%, 71 of 181) and procedural pain (29%, 53 of 181), along with expected immune-related toxicities; there were no unexpected safety signals. In exploratory analyses, MPR was predicted using the pre-treatment peripheral blood immunophenotype based on 14 immune cell subsets. Immune cell subsets predictive of MPR in the peripheral blood were also identified in the tumor microenvironment and were associated with MPR. This study of neoadjuvant atezolizumab in a large cohort of patients with resectable non-small cell lung cancer was safe and met its primary end point of MPR ≥ 15%. Data from this single-arm, non-randomized trial suggest that profiles of innate immune cells in pre-treatment peripheral blood may predict pathological response after neoadjuvant atezolizumab, but additional studies are needed to determine whether these profiles can inform patient selection and new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie E Chaft
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Filiz Oezkan
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
- University Medicine Essen, Ruhrlandklinik, Department of Interventional Pulmonology, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), A420, Heidelberg, Germany
- Fifth Medical Department, Section of Pulmonology, Faculty of the University of Heidelberg, University Medicine Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Mark G Kris
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Paul A Bunn
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | - David J Kwiatkowski
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dwight H Owen
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
- The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Yan Tang
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bruce E Johnson
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jay M Lee
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Gerard Lozanski
- The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Maciej Pietrzak
- The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Michal Seweryn
- The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
- Biobank Lab, Department of Molecular Biophysics, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
- Centre for Data Analysis, Modeling and Computational Sciences, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Woo Yul Byun
- The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | | | - Ann Johnson
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Chris Rivard
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Eric Toloza
- Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Eric B Haura
- Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Ciaran J McNamee
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Saiama N Waqar
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - David P Carbone
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA.
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, Columbus, OH, USA.
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24
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Wisgalla A, Ramien C, Streitz M, Schlickeiser S, Lupu AR, Diemert A, Tolosa E, Arck PC, Bellmann-Strobl J, Siebert N, Heesen C, Paul F, Friese MA, Infante-Duarte C, Gold SM. Alterations of NK Cell Phenotype During Pregnancy in Multiple Sclerosis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:907994. [PMID: 35860238 PMCID: PMC9289470 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.907994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In multiple sclerosis (MS), relapse rate is decreased by 70-80% in the third trimester of pregnancy. However, the underlying mechanisms driving this effect are poorly understood. Evidence suggests that CD56bright NK cell frequencies increase during pregnancy. Here, we analyze pregnancy-related NK cell shifts in a large longitudinal cohort of pregnant women with and without MS, and provide in-depth phenotyping of NK cells. In healthy pregnancy and pregnancy in MS, peripheral blood NK cells showed significant frequency shifts, notably an increase of CD56bright NK cells and a decrease of CD56dim NK cells toward the third trimester, indicating a general rather than an MS-specific phenomenon of pregnancy. Additional follow-ups in women with MS showed a reversal of NK cell changes postpartum. Moreover, high-dimensional profiling revealed a specific CD56bright subset with receptor expression related to cytotoxicity and cell activity (e.g., CD16+ NKp46high NKG2Dhigh NKG2Ahigh phenotype) that may drive the expansion of CD56bright NK cells during pregnancy in MS. Our data confirm that pregnancy promotes pronounced shifts of NK cells toward the regulatory CD56bright population. Although exploratory results on in-depth CD56bright phenotype need to be confirmed in larger studies, our findings suggest an increased regulatory NK activity, thereby potentially contributing to disease amelioration of MS during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Wisgalla
- Medizinische Klinik m.S. Psychosomatik, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Caren Ramien
- Institut für Neuroimmunologie und Multiple Sklerose (INIMS), Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mathias Streitz
- Institut für Medizinische Immunologie, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Experimental Animal Facilities and Biorisk Management, Friedrich-Loeffler Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Stephan Schlickeiser
- Institut für Medizinische Immunologie, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreea-Roxana Lupu
- Cantacuzino National Military Medical Institute for Research and Development, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Anke Diemert
- Klinik für Geburtshilfe und Pränatalmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Eva Tolosa
- Institut für Immunologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Petra C. Arck
- Klinik für Geburtshilfe und Pränatalmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Judith Bellmann-Strobl
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nadja Siebert
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Heesen
- Institut für Neuroimmunologie und Multiple Sklerose (INIMS), Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Friedemann Paul
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Manuel A. Friese
- Institut für Neuroimmunologie und Multiple Sklerose (INIMS), Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Carmen Infante-Duarte
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan M. Gold
- Medizinische Klinik m.S. Psychosomatik, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
- Institut für Neuroimmunologie und Multiple Sklerose (INIMS), Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
- *Correspondence: Stefan M. Gold,
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25
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Effect of different cytokines in combination with IL-15 on the expression of activating receptors in NK cells of patients with Behçet's disease. Immunol Res 2022; 70:654-666. [PMID: 35661971 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-022-09298-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Behçet's disease (BD) is a systemic, autoinflammatory, chronic disorder which affects various parts of the body in genetically susceptible individuals. BD has a multi-factorial etiopathogenesis which encompasses both innate and adaptive arms of immunity. NK cells, which kill virus-infected or malign cells and provide interaction between adaptive and innate immune system, are also known to involve in the pathogenesis of autoimmune/autoinflammatory diseases including BD. NK cells function in immune responses via the signals obtained from surface-expressed activating and inhibitory receptors. In this study, we aimed to explore NK cell activation status by measuring the levels of activation marker CD69 and activating receptors NKG2D, NKp30, and NKp46 as well as proliferative and cytotoxic capacities in response to stimulation with interleukin (IL)-15-combined cytokines in BD patients. CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses were also evaluated to compare with those of NK cells. As a result, the expression of activating receptors on NK cells was demonstrated to be varied among patients with active and inactive BD and healthy controls. The proliferation levels of NK cells were elevated in BD patients, especially in inactive phase of disease compared to healthy controls. Additionally, CD107a levels of inactive BD patients were detected to be lower in comparison with healthy controls and active BD patients. These findings suggest that BD patients in active and inactive phases display different activation status of NK cells which indicate NK cells might be associated with immune attacks and remissions during the course of BD.
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26
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Hojjatipour T, Aslani S, Salimifard S, Mikaeili H, Hemmatzadeh M, Gholizadeh Navashenaq J, Ahangar Parvin E, Jadidi-Niaragh F, Mohammadi H. NK cells - Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde in autoimmune rheumatic diseases. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 107:108682. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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27
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Arbelaez CA, Palle P, Charaix J, Bettelli E. STAT1 signaling protects self-reactive T cells from control by innate cells during neuroinflammation. JCI Insight 2022; 7:148222. [PMID: 35587373 PMCID: PMC9309063 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.148222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor STAT1 plays a critical role in modulating the differentiation of CD4+ T cells producing IL-17 and GM-CSF, which promote the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS). The protective role of STAT1 in MS and EAE has been largely attributed to its ability to limit pathogenic Th cells and promote Tregs. Using mice with selective deletion of STAT1 in T cells (STAT1CD4-Cre), we identified a potentially novel mechanism by which STAT1 regulates neuroinflammation independently of Foxp3+ Tregs. STAT1-deficient effector T cells became the target of NK cell–mediated killing, limiting their capacity to induce EAE. STAT1-deficient T cells promoted their own killing by producing more IL-2 that, in return, activated NK cells. Elimination of NK cells restored EAE susceptibility in STAT1CD4-Cre mice. Therefore, our study suggests that the STAT1 pathway can be manipulated to limit autoreactive T cells during autoimmunity directed against the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Arbelaez
- Center for Fundamental Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, United States of America
| | - Pushpalatha Palle
- Center for Fundamental Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, United States of America
| | - Jonathan Charaix
- Center for Fundamental Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, United States of America
| | - Estelle Bettelli
- Center for Fundamental Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, United States of America
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28
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Abstract
Tissue-resident immune cells span both myeloid and lymphoid cell lineages, have been found in multiple human tissues, and play integral roles at all stages of the immune response, from maintaining homeostasis to responding to infectious challenges to resolution of inflammation to tissue repair. In humans, studying immune cells and responses in tissues is challenging, although recent advances in sampling and high-dimensional profiling have provided new insights into the ontogeny, maintenance, and functional role of tissue-resident immune cells. Each tissue contains a specific complement of resident immune cells. Moreover, resident immune cells for each lineage share core properties, along with tissue-specific adaptations. Here we propose a five-point checklist for defining resident immune cell types in humans and describe the currently known features of resident immune cells, their mechanisms of development, and their putative functional roles within various human organs. We also consider these aspects of resident immune cells in the context of future studies and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua I Gray
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, USA;
| | - Donna L Farber
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, USA;
- Department of Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, USA
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29
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Chung DC, Jacquelot N, Ghaedi M, Warner K, Ohashi PS. Innate Lymphoid Cells: Role in Immune Regulation and Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14092071. [PMID: 35565201 PMCID: PMC9102917 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14092071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are an emerging family of effector cells known to play a major role in innate defenses against pathogens, lymphoid organogenesis, tissue repair, and homeostasis. They are positioned strategically within tissues to provide the first line of defence and shape the ensuing adaptive immune cell response. Recent evidence suggests that ILCs contribute to immune regulation in different diseases, including cancer, and can have significant impact on disease outcome. In this review, we highlight the immunosuppressive roles of ILCs in cancer that inhibit effective immune surveillance and anti-tumour response. Abstract Immune regulation is composed of a complex network of cellular and molecular pathways that regulate the immune system and prevent tissue damage. It is increasingly clear that innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are also armed with immunosuppressive capacities similar to well-known immune regulatory cells (i.e., regulatory T cells). In cancer, immunoregulatory ILCs have been shown to inhibit anti-tumour immune response through various mechanisms including: (a) direct suppression of anti-tumour T cells or NK cells, (b) inhibiting T-cell priming, and (c) promoting other immunoregulatory cells. To provide a framework of understanding the role of immunosuppressive ILCs in the context of cancer, we first outline a brief history and challenges related to defining immunosuppressive ILCs. Furthermore, we focus on the mechanisms of ILCs in suppressing anti-tumour immunity and consequentially promoting tumour progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas C. Chung
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada; (N.J.); (M.G.); (K.W.)
- Correspondence: (D.C.C.); (P.S.O.)
| | - Nicolas Jacquelot
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada; (N.J.); (M.G.); (K.W.)
| | - Maryam Ghaedi
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada; (N.J.); (M.G.); (K.W.)
| | - Kathrin Warner
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada; (N.J.); (M.G.); (K.W.)
| | - Pamela S. Ohashi
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada; (N.J.); (M.G.); (K.W.)
- Correspondence: (D.C.C.); (P.S.O.)
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30
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Ruder J, Rex J, Obahor S, Docampo MJ, Müller AMS, Schanz U, Jelcic I, Martin R. NK Cells and Innate-Like T Cells After Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Multiple Sclerosis. Front Immunol 2022; 12:794077. [PMID: 34975899 PMCID: PMC8716406 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.794077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system, in which autoreactive T and B cells play important roles. Other lymphocytes such as NK cells and innate-like T cells appear to be involved as well. To name a few examples, CD56bright NK cells were described as an immunoregulatory NK cell subset in MS while innate-like T cells in MS were described in brain lesions and with proinflammatory signatures. Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (aHSCT) is a procedure used to treat MS. This procedure includes hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell (HSPC) mobilization, then high-dose chemotherapy combined with anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG) and subsequent infusion of the patients own HSPCs to reconstitute a functional immune system. aHSCT inhibits MS disease activity very effectively and for long time, presumably due to elimination of autoreactive T cells. Here, we performed multidimensional flow cytometry experiments in peripheral blood lymphocytes of 27 MS patients before and after aHSCT to address its potential influence on NK and innate-like T cells. After aHSCT, the relative frequency and absolute numbers of CD56bright NK cells rise above pre-aHSCT levels while all studied innate-like T cell populations decrease. Hence, our data support an enhanced immune regulation by CD56bright NK cells and the efficient reduction of proinflammatory innate-like T cells by aHSCT in MS. These observations contribute to our current understanding of the immunological effects of aHSCT in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josefine Ruder
- Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis (MS) Research Section (NIMS), Department of Neurology, University and University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jordan Rex
- Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis (MS) Research Section (NIMS), Department of Neurology, University and University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Simon Obahor
- Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis (MS) Research Section (NIMS), Department of Neurology, University and University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - María José Docampo
- Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis (MS) Research Section (NIMS), Department of Neurology, University and University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Antonia M S Müller
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University and University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Urs Schanz
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University and University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ilijas Jelcic
- Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis (MS) Research Section (NIMS), Department of Neurology, University and University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roland Martin
- Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis (MS) Research Section (NIMS), Department of Neurology, University and University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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31
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Webb TJ. Inclusion criteria: how NK cells gain access to T cells. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:e152054. [PMID: 34523608 DOI: 10.1172/jci152054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells play an important role in host defense against viral infections and malignancy, and their role for regulating other components of the antiviral response is being investigated. In this issue of the JCI, Ali et al. examine the mechanisms by which NK cells migrate into the white pulp and mediate suppression of virus-specific T cells. Herein, the authors show that an acute lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection induced a potent type I IFN (IFN-I) response that resulted in the expression of chemokine receptor CXCR3 ligands and permitted NK cell trafficking to T cell zones. Collectively, these findings have broad implications for vaccination strategies and warrant further investigation into the transcriptomic profiles of these regulatory NK cells.
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32
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Mitchell D, Shireman J, Sierra Potchanant EA, Lara-Velazquez M, Dey M. Neuroinflammation in Autoimmune Disease and Primary Brain Tumors: The Quest for Striking the Right Balance. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:716947. [PMID: 34483843 PMCID: PMC8414998 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.716947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
According to classical dogma, the central nervous system (CNS) is defined as an immune privileged space. The basis of this theory was rooted in an incomplete understanding of the CNS microenvironment, however, recent advances such as the identification of resident dendritic cells (DC) in the brain and the presence of CNS lymphatics have deepened our understanding of the neuro-immune axis and revolutionized the field of neuroimmunology. It is now understood that many pathological conditions induce an immune response in the CNS, and that in many ways, the CNS is an immunologically distinct organ. Hyperactivity of neuro-immune axis can lead to primary neuroinflammatory diseases such as multiple sclerosis and antibody-mediated encephalitis, whereas immunosuppressive mechanisms promote the development and survival of primary brain tumors. On the therapeutic front, attempts are being made to target CNS pathologies using various forms of immunotherapy. One of the most actively investigated areas of CNS immunotherapy is for the treatment of glioblastoma (GBM), the most common primary brain tumor in adults. In this review, we provide an up to date overview of the neuro-immune axis in steady state and discuss the mechanisms underlying neuroinflammation in autoimmune neuroinflammatory disease as well as in the development and progression of brain tumors. In addition, we detail the current understanding of the interactions that characterize the primary brain tumor microenvironment and the implications of the neuro-immune axis on the development of successful therapeutic strategies for the treatment of CNS malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Mitchell
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Jack Shireman
- Dey Malignant Brain Tumor Laboratory, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
| | | | - Montserrat Lara-Velazquez
- Dey Malignant Brain Tumor Laboratory, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Mahua Dey
- Dey Malignant Brain Tumor Laboratory, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
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33
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Cox A, Cevik H, Feldman HA, Canaday LM, Lakes N, Waggoner SN. Targeting natural killer cells to enhance vaccine responses. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2021; 42:789-801. [PMID: 34311992 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2021.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Vaccination serves as a cornerstone of global health. Successful prevention of infection or disease by vaccines is achieved through elicitation of pathogen-specific antibodies and long-lived memory T cells. However, several microbial threats to human health have proven refractory to past vaccine efforts. These shortcomings have been attributed to either inefficient triggering of memory T and B cell responses or to the unfulfilled need to stimulate non-conventional forms of immunological memory. Natural killer (NK) cells have recently emerged as both key regulators of vaccine-elicited T and B cell responses and as memory cells that contribute to pathogen control. We discuss potential methods to modulate these functions of NK cells to enhance vaccine success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Cox
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | - Hilal Cevik
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Molecular and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - H Alex Feldman
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Immunology Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Laura M Canaday
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Immunology Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Nora Lakes
- Immunology Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Stephen N Waggoner
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Molecular and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Immunology Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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De Pasquale C, Campana S, Bonaccorsi I, Carrega P, Ferlazzo G. ILC in chronic inflammation, cancer and targeting with biologicals. Mol Aspects Med 2021; 80:100963. [PMID: 33726947 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2021.100963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Since their discovery, Innate Lymphoid Cells (ILC) have emerged as important effector cells, serving multiple roles in maintaining tissue homeostasis and responding to tissue insults. As such, dysregulations of their function and distribution have been observed in a variety of immune-mediated diseases, suggesting a specific role for ILC in the pathophysiology of several disorders including chronic inflammation and cancer. Here, we provide an updated view on ILC biology dissecting their pathological or protective contribution in chronic inflammatory diseases such as multiple sclerosis, inflammatory bowel diseases, psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, asthma and COPD, atherosclerosis, also exploring ILC role in tumor surveillance and progression. Throughout the review, we will also highlight how the potential dual role of these cells for protective or pathogenic immunity in many inflammatory diseases makes them interesting targets for the development of novel therapeutic strategies, particularly promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia De Pasquale
- Laboratory of Immunology and Biotherapy, Department of Human Pathology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Stefania Campana
- Laboratory of Immunology and Biotherapy, Department of Human Pathology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Irene Bonaccorsi
- Laboratory of Immunology and Biotherapy, Department of Human Pathology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy; Cell Factory Center and Division of Clinical Pathology, University Hospital Policlinico G.Martino, Messina, Italy
| | - Paolo Carrega
- Laboratory of Immunology and Biotherapy, Department of Human Pathology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Guido Ferlazzo
- Laboratory of Immunology and Biotherapy, Department of Human Pathology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy; Cell Factory Center and Division of Clinical Pathology, University Hospital Policlinico G.Martino, Messina, Italy.
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35
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Kucuksezer UC, Aktas Cetin E, Esen F, Tahrali I, Akdeniz N, Gelmez MY, Deniz G. The Role of Natural Killer Cells in Autoimmune Diseases. Front Immunol 2021; 12:622306. [PMID: 33717125 PMCID: PMC7947192 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.622306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells, the large granular lymphocytes differentiated from the common lymphoid progenitors, were discovered in early 1970's. They are members of innate immunity and were initially defined by their strong cytotoxicity against virus-infected cells and by their important effector functions in anti-tumoral immune responses. Nowadays, NK cells are classified among the recently discovered innate lymphoid cell subsets and have capacity to influence both innate and adaptive immune responses. Therefore, they can be considered as innate immune cells that stands between the innate and adaptive arms of immunity. NK cells don't express T or B cell receptors and are recognized by absence of CD3. There are two major subgroups of NK cells according to their differential expression of CD16 and CD56. While CD16+CD56dim subset is best-known by their cytotoxic functions, CD16-CD56bright NK cell subset produces a bunch of cytokines comparable to CD4+ T helper cell subsets. Another subset of NK cells with production of interleukin (IL)-10 was named as NK regulatory cells, which has suppressive properties and could take part in immune-regulatory responses. Activation of NK cells is determined by a delicate balance of cell-surface receptors that have either activating or inhibitory properties. On the other hand, a variety of cytokines including IL-2, IL-12, IL-15, and IL-18 influence NK cell activity. NK-derived cytokines and their cytotoxic functions through induction of apoptosis take part in regulation of the immune responses and could contribute to the pathogenesis of many immune mediated diseases including ankylosing spondylitis, Behçet's disease, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, systemic lupus erythematosus and type-1 diabetes. Dysregulation of NK cells in autoimmune disorders may occur through multiple mechanisms. Thanks to the rapid developments in biotechnology, progressive research in immunology enables better characterization of cells and their delicate roles in the complex network of immunity. As NK cells stand in between innate and adaptive arms of immunity and "bridge" them, their contribution in inflammation and immune regulation deserves intense investigations. Better understanding of NK-cell biology and their contribution in both exacerbation and regulation of inflammatory disorders is a requisite for possible utilization of these multi-faceted cells in novel therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umut Can Kucuksezer
- Department of Immunology, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Esin Aktas Cetin
- Department of Immunology, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fehim Esen
- Department of Immunology, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ilhan Tahrali
- Department of Immunology, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nilgun Akdeniz
- Department of Immunology, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Metin Yusuf Gelmez
- Department of Immunology, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gunnur Deniz
- Department of Immunology, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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36
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Gianchecchi E, Delfino DV, Fierabracci A. Natural Killer Cells: Potential Biomarkers and Therapeutic Target in Autoimmune Diseases? Front Immunol 2021; 12:616853. [PMID: 33679757 PMCID: PMC7933577 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.616853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases recognize a multifactorial pathogenesis, although the exact mechanism responsible for their onset remains to be fully elucidated. Over the past few years, the role of natural killer (NK) cells in shaping immune responses has been highlighted even though their involvement is profoundly linked to the subpopulation involved and to the site where such interaction takes place. The aberrant number and functionality of NK cells have been reported in several different autoimmune disorders. In the present review, we report the most recent findings regarding the involvement of NK cells in both systemic and organ-specific autoimmune diseases, including type 1 diabetes (T1D), primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), systemic sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), primary Sjögren syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, and multiple sclerosis. In T1D, innate inflammation induces NK cell activation, disrupting the Treg function. In addition, certain genetic variants identified as risk factors for T1D influenced the activation of NK cells promoting their cytotoxic activity. The role of NK cells has also been demonstrated in the pathogenesis of PBC mediating direct or indirect biliary epithelial cell destruction. NK cell frequency and number were enhanced in both the peripheral blood and the liver of patients and associated with increased NK cell cytotoxic activity and perforin expression levels. NK cells were also involved in the perpetuation of disease through autoreactive CD4 T cell activation in the presence of antigen-presenting cells. In systemic sclerosis (SSc), in addition to phenotypic abnormalities, patients presented a reduction in CD56hi NK-cells. Moreover, NK cells presented a deficient killing activity. The influence of the activating and inhibitory killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) has been investigated in SSc and SLE susceptibility. Furthermore, autoantibodies to KIRs have been identified in different systemic autoimmune conditions. Because of its role in modulating the immune-mediated pathology, NK subpopulation could represent a potential marker for disease activity and target for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Gianchecchi
- VisMederi srl, Siena, Italy.,Infectivology and Clinical Trials Research Area, Primary Immunodeficiencies Research Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Rome, Italy
| | - Domenico V Delfino
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Alessandra Fierabracci
- Infectivology and Clinical Trials Research Area, Primary Immunodeficiencies Research Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Rome, Italy
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37
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Yang Y, Day J, Souza-Fonseca Guimaraes F, Wicks IP, Louis C. Natural killer cells in inflammatory autoimmune diseases. Clin Transl Immunology 2021; 10:e1250. [PMID: 33552511 PMCID: PMC7850912 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are a specialised population of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) that help control local immune responses. Through natural cytotoxicity, production of cytokines and chemokines, and migratory capacity, NK cells play a vital immunoregulatory role in the initiation and chronicity of inflammatory and autoimmune responses. Our understanding of their functional differences and contributions in disease settings is evolving owing to new genetic and functional murine proof-of-concept studies. Here, we summarise current understanding of NK cells in several classic autoimmune disorders, particularly in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), multiple sclerosis (MS), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), but also less understood diseases such as idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs). A better understanding of how NK cells contribute to these autoimmune disorders may pave the way for NK cell-targeted therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyan Yang
- Tsinghua University School of Medicine Beijing China.,Inflammation Division The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research Parkville VIC Australia
| | - Jessica Day
- Inflammation Division The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research Parkville VIC Australia.,Medical Biology University of Melbourne Melbourne VIC Australia.,Rheumatology Unit The Royal Melbourne Hospital Parkville VIC Australia
| | | | - Ian P Wicks
- Inflammation Division The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research Parkville VIC Australia.,Medical Biology University of Melbourne Melbourne VIC Australia.,Rheumatology Unit The Royal Melbourne Hospital Parkville VIC Australia
| | - Cynthia Louis
- Inflammation Division The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research Parkville VIC Australia.,Medical Biology University of Melbourne Melbourne VIC Australia
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38
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A CD8 + NK cell transcriptomic signature associated with clinical outcome in relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis. Nat Commun 2021; 12:635. [PMID: 33504809 PMCID: PMC7840761 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20594-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) with the majority of cases characterised by relapsing/remitting (RRMS) attacks of neurologic dysfunction followed by variable resolution. Improving clinical outcomes in RRMS requires both a better understanding of the immunological mechanisms driving recurrent demyelination and better means of predicting future disease course to facilitate early targeted therapy. Here, we apply hypothesis-generating network transcriptomics to CD8+ cells isolated from patients in RRMS, identifying a signature reflecting expansion of a subset of CD8+ natural killer cells (NK8+) associated with favourable outcome. NK8+ are capable of regulating CD4+ T cell activation and proliferation in vitro, with reduced expression of HLA-G binding inhibitory receptors and consequent reduced sensitivity to HLA-G-mediated suppression. We identify surrogate markers of the NK8+ signature in peripheral blood leucocytes and validate their association with clinical outcome in an independent cohort, suggesting their measurement may facilitate early, targeted therapy in RRMS.
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Mimpen M, Muris AH, Rolf L, Gerlach O, Kuhle J, Hupperts R, Smolders J, Damoiseaux J. Prognostic value of natural killer cell/T cell ratios for disease activity in multiple sclerosis. Eur J Neurol 2020; 28:901-909. [PMID: 33326677 PMCID: PMC7898592 DOI: 10.1111/ene.14680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Background and purpose Natural killer (NK) cells may play a role in multiple sclerosis (MS). Ratios of NK cells to CD4+ T cells have been proposed as a biomarker for the therapeutic effect of stem cell transplantation in MS. The objectives here were to explore the relevance of this ratio in MS patients by analysing NK and T cell subsets, as well as their prognostic value for disease activity. Methods Baseline peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 50 relapsing–remitting MS patients, participating in our vitamin D supplementation study (SOLARIUM), were analysed with flow cytometry. Disease activity was measured as new magnetic resonance imaging lesions, relapses and mean plasma neurofilament light chain levels after 48 weeks of follow‐up. Results The proportion of NK cells correlated negatively with CD4+ T cells (R = −0.335, p = 0.001) and interleukin 17A (IL‐17A+) CD4+ T cells (R = −0.203, p = 0.043). Participants with magnetic resonance imaging activity or relapses displayed lower NK/IL‐17A+ CD4+ T cell ratios (p =0.025 and p = 0.006, respectively). The NK/IL‐17A+ CD4+ T cell ratio correlated negatively with neurofilament light chain levels (R = −0.320, p = 0.050). Vitamin D supplementation did not affect these ratios. Conclusions Our data suggest a protective role of an expanded NK cell compartment compared to the CD4+ T cell subset fractions in relapsing–remitting MS patients. NK/CD4+ T cell ratios may be a prognostic biomarker for disease activity in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Mimpen
- School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Anne-Hilde Muris
- School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Linda Rolf
- School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Oliver Gerlach
- Department of Neurology, Zuyderland Medical Center, Sittard, The Netherlands
| | - Jens Kuhle
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Raymond Hupperts
- School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Neurology, Zuyderland Medical Center, Sittard, The Netherlands
| | - Joost Smolders
- MS Center ErasMS, Departments of Neurology and Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Neuroimmunology, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Damoiseaux
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Schwane V, Huynh-Tran VH, Vollmers S, Yakup VM, Sauter J, Schmidt AH, Peine S, Altfeld M, Richert L, Körner C. Distinct Signatures in the Receptor Repertoire Discriminate CD56bright and CD56dim Natural Killer Cells. Front Immunol 2020; 11:568927. [PMID: 33335526 PMCID: PMC7736243 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.568927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
NK cells are phenotypically and functionally diverse lymphocytes due to variegated expression of a large array of receptors. NK-cell activity is tightly regulated through integration of receptor-derived inhibitory and activating signals. Thus, the receptor profile of each NK cell ultimately determines its ability to sense aberrant cells and subsequently mediate anti-viral or anti-tumor responses. However, an in-depth understanding of how different receptor repertoires enable distinct immune functions of NK cells is lacking. Therefore, we investigated the phenotypic diversity of primary human NK cells by performing extensive phenotypic characterization of 338 surface molecules using flow cytometry (n = 18). Our results showed that NK cells express at least 146 receptors on their surface. Of those, 136 (>90%) exhibited considerable inter-donor variability. Moreover, comparative analysis of CD56bright and CD56dim NK cells identified 70 molecules with differential expression between the two major NK-cell subsets and allowed discrimination of these subsets via unsupervised hierarchical clustering. These receptors were associated with a broad range of NK-cell functions and multiple molecules were not previously associated with predominant expression on either subset (e.g. CD82 and CD147). Altogether, our study contributes to an improved understanding of the phenotypic diversity of NK cells and its potential functional implications on a cellular and population level. While the identified distinct signatures in the receptor repertoires provide a molecular basis for the differential immune functions exerted by CD56bright and CD56dim NK cells, the observed inter-individual differences in the receptor repertoire of NK cells may contribute to a diverging ability to control certain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Schwane
- Research Department Virus Immunology, Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Van Hung Huynh-Tran
- Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR1219 and Inria, team SISTM, Bordeaux, France
| | - Sarah Vollmers
- Research Department Virus Immunology, Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Vivien Maria Yakup
- Research Department Virus Immunology, Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Alexander H. Schmidt
- DKMS gemeinnützige GmbH, Tübingen, Germany
- DKMS Life Science Lab, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sven Peine
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marcus Altfeld
- Research Department Virus Immunology, Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Laura Richert
- Research Department Virus Immunology, Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
- Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR1219 and Inria, team SISTM, Bordeaux, France
| | - Christian Körner
- Research Department Virus Immunology, Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
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Kaur K, Ko MW, Ohanian N, Cook J, Jewett A. Osteoclast-expanded super-charged NK-cells preferentially select and expand CD8+ T cells. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20363. [PMID: 33230147 PMCID: PMC7683603 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76702-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoclasts (OCs) and much less dendritic cells (DCs) induce significant expansion and functional activation of NK cells, and furthermore, the OC-expanded NK cells preferentially increase the expansion and activation of CD8+ T cells by targeting CD4+ T cells. When autologous OCs were used to expand patient NK cells much lower percentages of expanded CD8+ T cells, decreased numbers of expanded NK cells and decreased functions of NK cells could be observed, and the addition of allogeneic healthy OCs increased the patients' NK function. Mechanistically, OC-expanded NK cells were found to lyse CD4+ T cells but not CD8+ T cells suggesting potential selection of CD8+ T cells before their expansion by OC activated NK cells. In agreement, Increased IFN-γ secretion, and NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity and higher percentages of CD8+ T cells, in various tissue compartments of oral tumor-bearing hu-BLT mice in response to immunotherapy by OC-expanded NK cells were observed. Thus, our results indicate an important relationship between NK and CD8+ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kawaljit Kaur
- Division of Oral Biology and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry and Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- The Jane and Jerry Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, UCLA School of Dentistry and Medicine, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Meng-Wei Ko
- Division of Oral Biology and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry and Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- The Jane and Jerry Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, UCLA School of Dentistry and Medicine, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Nick Ohanian
- Division of Oral Biology and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry and Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- The Jane and Jerry Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, UCLA School of Dentistry and Medicine, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Jessica Cook
- Division of Oral Biology and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry and Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- The Jane and Jerry Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, UCLA School of Dentistry and Medicine, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Anahid Jewett
- Division of Oral Biology and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry and Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- The Jane and Jerry Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, UCLA School of Dentistry and Medicine, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
- The Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Sheng L, Mu Q, Wu X, Yang S, Zhu H, Wang J, Lai Y, Wu H, Sun Y, Hu Y, Fu H, Wang Y, Xu K, Sun Y, Zhang Y, Zhang P, Zhou M, Lai B, Xu Z, Gao M, Zhang Y, Ouyang G. Cytotoxicity of Donor Natural Killer Cells to Allo-Reactive T Cells Are Related With Acute Graft-vs.-Host-Disease Following Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1534. [PMID: 32849519 PMCID: PMC7411138 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The mechanism and immunoregulatory role of human natural killer (NK) cells in acute graft-vs.-host-disease (aGVHD) remains unclear. This study quantitatively analyzed the cytotoxicity of donor NK cells toward allo-reactive T cells, and investigated their relationship with acute GVHD (aGVHD). Methods: We evaluated NK dose, subgroup, and receptor expression in allografts from 98 patients who underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). A CD107a degranulating assay was used as a quantitative detection method for the cytotoxic function of donor NK cells to allo-reactive T cells. In antibody-blocking assay, NK cells were pre-treated with anti-DNAM-1(CD226), anti-NKG2D, anti-NKP46, or anti-NKG-2A monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) before the degranulating assay. Results: NK cells in allografts effectively inhibited auto-T cell proliferation following alloantigen stimulation, selectively killing alloantigen activated T cells. NKG2A− NK cell subgroups showed higher levels of CD107a degranulation toward activated T cells, when compared with NKG2A− subgroups. Blocking NKG2D or CD226 (DNAM-1) led to significant reductions in degranulation, whereas NKG2A block resulted in increased NK degranulation. Donor NK cells in the aGVHD group expressed lower levels of NKG2D and CD226, higher levels of NKG2A, and showed higher CD107a degranulation levels when compared with NK cells in the non-aGVHD group. Using univariate analysis, higher NK degranulation activities in allografts (CD107ahigh) were correlated with a decreased risk in grade I–IV aGVHD (hazard risk [HR] = 0.294; P < 0.0001), grade III–IV aGVHD (HR = 0.102; P < 0.0001), and relapse (HR = 0.157; P = 0.015), and improved overall survival (HR = 0.355; P = 0.028) after allo-HSCT. Multivariate analyses showed that higher NK degranulation activities (CD107ahigh) in allografts were independent risk factors for grades, I–IV aGVHD (HR = 0.357; P = 0.002), and grades III–IV aGVHD (HR = 0.13; P = 0.009). Conclusions: These findings reveal that the degranulation activity of NK in allografts toward allo-activated T cells was associated with the occurrence and the severity of aGVHD, after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. This suggested that cytotoxicity of donor NK cells to allo-reactive T cells have important roles in aGVHD regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Sheng
- Department of Hematology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Qitian Mu
- Department of Hematology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Xiaoqing Wu
- Department of Hematology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Shujun Yang
- Department of Hematology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Huiling Zhu
- Department of Hematology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Jiaping Wang
- Department of Hematology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Yanli Lai
- Department of Hematology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Hematology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Ye Sun
- Department of Hematology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Yongxian Hu
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huarui Fu
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Hematology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Kaihong Xu
- Department of Hematology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Yongcheng Sun
- Department of Hematology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Yanli Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Miao Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Binbin Lai
- Department of Hematology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Zhijuan Xu
- Department of Hematology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Minjie Gao
- Department of Hematology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Guifang Ouyang
- Department of Hematology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, China
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Melaiu O, Lucarini V, Giovannoni R, Fruci D, Gemignani F. News on immune checkpoint inhibitors as immunotherapy strategies in adult and pediatric solid tumors. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 79:18-43. [PMID: 32659257 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have shown unprecedented benefits in various adult cancers, and this success has prompted the exploration of ICI therapy even in childhood malignances. Although the use of ICIs as individual agents has achieved disappointing response rates, combinational therapies are likely to promise better results. However, only a subset of patients experienced prolonged clinical effects, thus suggesting the need to identify robust bio-markers that predict individual clinical response or resistance to ICI therapy as the main challenge. In this review, we focus on how the use of ICIs in adult cancers can be translated into pediatric malignances. We discuss the physiological mechanism of action of each IC, including PD-1, PD-L1 and CTLA-4 and the new emerging ones, LAG-3, TIM-3, TIGIT, B7-H3, BTLA and IDO-1, and evaluate their prognostic value in both adult and childhood tumors. Furthermore, we offer an overview of preclinical models and clinical trials currently under investigation to improve the effectiveness of cancer immunotherapies in these patients. Finally, we outline the main predictive factors that influence the efficacy of ICIs, in order to lay the basis for the development of a pan-cancer immunogenomic model, able to direct young patients towards more specific immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ombretta Melaiu
- Paediatric Haematology/Oncology Department, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Lucarini
- Paediatric Haematology/Oncology Department, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Doriana Fruci
- Paediatric Haematology/Oncology Department, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy.
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44
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Human peripheral blood DNAM-1 neg NK cells are a terminally differentiated subset with limited effector functions. Blood Adv 2020; 3:1681-1694. [PMID: 31167820 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2018030676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are a heterogeneous population of innate lymphocytes whose potent anticancer properties make them ideal candidates for cellular therapeutic application. However, our lack of understanding of the role of NK cell diversity in antitumor responses has hindered advances in this area. In this study, we describe a new CD56dim NK cell subset characterized by the lack of expression of DNAX accessory molecule-1 (DNAM-1). Compared with CD56bright and CD56dimDNAM-1pos NK cell subsets, CD56dimDNAM-1neg NK cells displayed reduced motility, poor proliferation, lower production of interferon-γ, and limited killing capacities. Soluble factors secreted by CD56dimDNAM-1neg NK cells impaired CD56dimDNAM-1pos NK cell-mediated killing, indicating a potential inhibitory role for the CD56dimDNAM-1neg NK cell subset. Transcriptome analysis revealed that CD56dimDNAM-1neg NK cells constitute a new mature NK cell subset with a specific gene signature. Upon in vitro cytokine stimulation, CD56dimDNAM-1neg NK cells were found to differentiate from CD56dimDNAM-1pos NK cells. Finally, we report a dysregulation of NK cell subsets in the blood of patients diagnosed with Hodgkin lymphoma and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, characterized by decreased CD56dimDNAM-1pos/CD56dimDNAM-1neg NK cell ratios and reduced cytotoxic activity of CD56dimDNAM-1pos NK cells. Altogether, our data offer a better understanding of human peripheral blood NK cell populations and have important clinical implications for the design of NK cell-targeting therapies.
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45
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McQuaid SL, Loughran ST, Power PA, Maguire P, Szczygiel A, Johnson PA. Low-dose IL-2 induces CD56 bright NK regulation of T cells via NKp44 and NKp46. Clin Exp Immunol 2020; 200:228-241. [PMID: 31989589 PMCID: PMC7232012 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-dose interleukin (IL)-2 has shown clinical benefits in patients with autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Both regulatory T cells (Tregs ) and natural killer (NK) cells are increased in response to low-dose IL-2 immunotherapy. The role of regulatory T cells in autoimmune diseases has been extensively studied; however, NK cells have not been as thoroughly explored. It has not been well reported whether the increase in NK cells is purely an epiphenomenon or carries actual benefits for patients with autoimmune diseases. We demonstrate that low-dose IL-2 expands the primary human CD56bright NK cells resulting in a contact-dependent cell cycle arrest of effector T cells (Teffs ) via retention of the cycle inhibitor p21. We further show that NK cells respond via IL-2R-β, which has been shown to be significant for immunity by regulating T cell expansion. Moreover, we demonstrate that blocking NK receptors NKp44 and NKp46 but not NKp30 could abrogate the regulation of proliferation associated with low-dose IL-2. The increase in NK cells was also accompanied by an increase in Treg cells, which is dependent on the presence of CD56bright NK cells. These results not only heighten the importance of NK cells in low-dose IL-2 therapy but also identify key human NK targets, which may provide further insights into the therapeutic mechanisms of low-dose IL-2 in autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. L. McQuaid
- Viral Immunology LaboratorySchool of Nursing, Psychotherapy and Community HealthDublin City UniversityDublinIreland
- Mason Technology LtdDublinIreland
| | - S. T. Loughran
- Viral Immunology LaboratorySchool of Nursing, Psychotherapy and Community HealthDublin City UniversityDublinIreland
- Department of Applied ScienceDundalk Institute of TechnologyDundalkIreland
| | - P. A. Power
- Viral Immunology LaboratorySchool of Nursing, Psychotherapy and Community HealthDublin City UniversityDublinIreland
- Technological University DublinDublinIreland
| | - P. Maguire
- Viral Immunology LaboratorySchool of Nursing, Psychotherapy and Community HealthDublin City UniversityDublinIreland
- School of BiotechnologyDublin City UniversityDublinIreland
| | - A. Szczygiel
- Viral Immunology LaboratorySchool of Nursing, Psychotherapy and Community HealthDublin City UniversityDublinIreland
| | - P. A. Johnson
- Viral Immunology LaboratorySchool of Nursing, Psychotherapy and Community HealthDublin City UniversityDublinIreland
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46
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CD56bright Natural Killer Cells: A Possible Biomarker of Different Treatments in Multiple Sclerosis. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9051450. [PMID: 32414131 PMCID: PMC7291063 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9051450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated disease of the central nervous system, which leads, in many cases, to irreversible disability. More than 15 disease-modifying treatments (DMTs) are available for the treatment of MS. Clinical activity or activity at magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are now used to assess the efficacy of DMTs, but are negative prognostic factors per se. Therefore, a biomarker permitting us to identify patients who respond to treatment before they develop clinical/radiological signs of MS activity would be of high importance. The number of circulating CD56bright natural killer (NK) cells may be such a biomarker. CD56bright NK cells are a regulatory immune population belonging to the innate immune system. The number of CD56bright NK cells increases upon treatment with interferon-beta, alemtuzumab, dimethyl fumarate, after autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and is higher in those who respond to fingolimod. In some cases, an increased number of CD56bright NK cells is associated with an increase in their regulatory function. In the current review, we will evaluate the known effect on CD56bright NK cells of DMTs for MS, and will discuss their possible role as a biomarker for treatment response in MS.
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47
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Ebihara T. Dichotomous Regulation of Acquired Immunity by Innate Lymphoid Cells. Cells 2020; 9:cells9051193. [PMID: 32403291 PMCID: PMC7290502 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The concept of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) includes both conventional natural killer (NK) cells and helper ILCs, which resemble CD8+ killer T cells and CD4+ helper T cells in acquired immunity, respectively. Conventional NK cells are migratory cytotoxic cells that find tumor cells or cells infected with microbes. Helper ILCs are localized at peripheral tissue and are responsible for innate helper-cytokine production. Helper ILCs are classified into three subpopulations: TH1-like ILC1s, TH2-like ILC2s, and TH17/TH22-like ILC3s. Because of the functional similarities between ILCs and T cells, ILCs can serve as an innate component that augments each corresponding type of acquired immunity. However, the physiological functions of ILCs are more plastic and complicated than expected and are affected by environmental cues and types of inflammation. Here, we review recent advances in understanding the interaction between ILCs and acquired immunity, including T- and B-cell responses at various conditions. Immune suppressive activities by ILCs in particular are discussed in comparison to their immune stimulatory effects to gain precise knowledge of ILC biology and the physiological relevance of ILCs in human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Ebihara
- Department of Medical Biology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine Affiliation, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita 010-8543, Japan
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48
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Ranganath T, Simpson LJ, Ferreira AM, Seiler C, Vendrame E, Zhao N, Fontenot JD, Holmes S, Blish CA. Characterization of the Impact of Daclizumab Beta on Circulating Natural Killer Cells by Mass Cytometry. Front Immunol 2020; 11:714. [PMID: 32391016 PMCID: PMC7194113 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Daclizumab beta is a humanized monoclonal antibody that binds to CD25 and selectively inhibits high-affinity IL-2 receptor signaling. As a former treatment for relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis (RMS), daclizumab beta induces robust expansion of the CD56bright subpopulation of NK cells that is correlated with the drug’s therapeutic effects. As NK cells represent a heterogeneous population of lymphocytes with a range of phenotypes and functions, the goal of this study was to better understand how daclizumab beta altered the NK cell repertoire to provide further insight into the possible mechanism(s) of action in RMS. We used mass cytometry to evaluate expression patterns of NK cell markers and provide a comprehensive assessment of the NK cell repertoire in individuals with RMS treated with daclizumab beta or placebo over the course of 1 year. Treatment with daclizumab beta significantly altered the NK cell repertoire compared to placebo treatment. As previously reported, daclizumab beta significantly increased expression of CD56 on total NK cells. Within the CD56bright NK cells, treatment was associated with multiple phenotypic changes, including increased expression of NKG2A and NKp44, and diminished expression of CD244, CD57, and NKp46. These alterations occurred broadly across the CD56bright population, and were not associated with a specific subset of CD56bright NK cells. While the changes were less dramatic, CD56dim NK cells responded distinctly to daclizumab beta treatment, with higher expression of CD2 and NKG2A, and lower expression of FAS-L, HLA-DR, NTB-A, NKp30, and Perforin. Together, these data indicate that the expanded CD56bright NK cells share features of both immature and mature NK cells. These findings show that daclizumab beta treatment is associated with unique changes in NK cells that may enhance their ability to kill autoreactive T cells or to exert immunomodulatory functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanmayi Ranganath
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Laura J Simpson
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Anne-Maud Ferreira
- Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Christof Seiler
- Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Elena Vendrame
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Nancy Zhao
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | | | - Susan Holmes
- Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Catherine A Blish
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States.,Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, United States
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49
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Jin M, Günther R, Akgün K, Hermann A, Ziemssen T. Peripheral proinflammatory Th1/Th17 immune cell shift is linked to disease severity in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5941. [PMID: 32246039 PMCID: PMC7125229 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62756-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is involved in the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), but only limited data are available on systematic peripheral and central immune cell profiles in ALS. We studied detailed immune profiles of 73 ALS patients and 48 healthy controls (controls) in peripheral blood by fluorescence-activated cell sorting as well as cytokine expression profiles in serum. In a subgroup of 16 ALS patients and 10 controls we additionally studied cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples. In peripheral blood, T cell subtypes presented a shift towards pro-inflammatory Th 1 and Th 17 cells whereas anti-inflammatory Th2 and T regulatory cells were decreased. Important players in innate immunity including distinct monocyte (Mo) and natural killer (NK) cell subtypes were changed in ALS patients compared to controls. Pro-inflammatory serum cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-1 beta, IL-6 and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) were increased and the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 was decreased. Correlation analysis revealed moderate negative correlations between Th1 and Th17 to the ALS functional rating scale revised (ALSFRS-R) and to forced vital capacity. In CSF samples, no relevant alteration of the immune profile was found. In conclusion, the immune profile in ALS was shifted towards a Th1/Th17 cell-mediated pro-inflammatory immune response and correlated to disease severity and progression. Large prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Jin
- Department of Neurology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Center for Clinical Neuroscience, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | - Rene Günther
- Department of Neurology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany. .,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Dresden, Germany.
| | - Katja Akgün
- Department of Neurology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Center for Clinical Neuroscience, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | - Andreas Hermann
- Department of Neurology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Dresden, Germany.,Translational Neurodegeneration Section "Albrecht-Kossel", Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Rostock, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Rostock/Greifswald, Rostock, Germany
| | - Tjalf Ziemssen
- Department of Neurology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Center for Clinical Neuroscience, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
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50
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Vandenhaute J, Wouters CH, Matthys P. Natural Killer Cells in Systemic Autoinflammatory Diseases: A Focus on Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis and Macrophage Activation Syndrome. Front Immunol 2020; 10:3089. [PMID: 32010140 PMCID: PMC6974473 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.03089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are innate immune lymphocytes with potent cytolytic and immune-regulatory activities. NK cells are well-known for their ability to kill infected and malignant cells in a fast and non-specific way without prior sensitization. For this purpose, NK cells are equipped with a set of cytotoxic molecules such as perforin and apoptosis-inducing proteins. NK cells also have the capacity to produce large amounts of cytokines and chemokines that synergize with their cytotoxic function and that ensure interaction with other immune cells. A less known feature of NK cells is their capacity to kill non-infected autologous cells, such as immature dendritic cells and activated T cells and monocytes. Via the release of large amounts of TNF-α and IFN-γ, NK cells may contribute to disease pathology. Conversely they may exert a regulatory role through secretion of immuno-regulatory cytokines such as GM-CSF, IL-13, and IL-10. Thus, NK cells may be important target and effector cells in the pathogenesis of autoinflammatory diseases, in particular in those disorders associated with a cytokine storm or in conditions where immune cells are highly activated. Key examples of such diseases are systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA) and its well-associated complication, macrophage activation syndrome (MAS). sJIA is a chronic childhood immune disorder of unknown etiology, characterized by arthritis and systemic inflammation, including a daily spiking fever and evanescent rash. MAS is a potentially fatal complication of autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases, and most prevalently associated with sJIA. MAS is considered as a subtype of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), a systemic hyperinflammatory disorder characterized by defective cytotoxic pathways of cytotoxic T and NK cells. In this review, we describe the established features of NK cells and provide the results of a literature survey on the reported NK cell abnormalities in monogenic and multifactorial autoinflammatory disorders. Finally, we discuss the role of NK cells in the pathogenesis of sJIA and MAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Vandenhaute
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Carine H Wouters
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,European Reference Network for Rare Immunodeficiency, Autoinflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases (RITA) at University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Patrick Matthys
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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