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Li B, Zhang X, Zhang Q, Zheng T, Li Q, Yang S, Shao J, Guan W, Zhang S. Nutritional strategies to reduce intestinal cell apoptosis by alleviating oxidative stress. Nutr Rev 2024:nuae023. [PMID: 38626282 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuae023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The gut barrier is the first line of defense against harmful substances and pathogens in the intestinal tract. The balance of proliferation and apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) is crucial for maintaining the integrity of the intestinal mucosa and its function. However, oxidative stress and inflammation can cause DNA damage and abnormal apoptosis of the IECs, leading to the disruption of the intestinal epithelial barrier. This, in turn, can directly or indirectly cause various acute and chronic intestinal diseases. In recent years, there has been a growing understanding of the vital role of dietary ingredients in gut health. Studies have shown that certain amino acids, fibers, vitamins, and polyphenols in the diet can protect IECs from excessive apoptosis caused by oxidative stress, and limit intestinal inflammation. This review aims to describe the molecular mechanism of apoptosis and its relationship with intestinal function, and to discuss the modulation of IECs' physiological function, the intestinal epithelial barrier, and gut health by various nutrients. The findings of this review may provide a theoretical basis for the use of nutritional interventions in clinical intestinal disease research and animal production, ultimately leading to improved human and animal intestinal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baofeng Li
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qianzi Zhang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tenghui Zheng
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qihui Li
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Siwang Yang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiayuan Shao
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wutai Guan
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shihai Zhang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Zhou X, Chen R, Cai Y, Chen Q. Fecal Microbiota Transplantation: A Prospective Treatment for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2024; 17:647-659. [PMID: 38347911 PMCID: PMC10860394 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s447784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose of Review The aim of this review is to summarize the role of gastrointestinal microbiome (GM) in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Besides, we discuss the feasibility of applying FMT in the treatment of T2DM and propose a series of processes to refine the use of FMT in the treatment of T2DM. Recent Findings T2DM is a metabolic disease which is connected with the GM. According to many researches, GM can produce a variety of metabolites such as bile acid, short chain fatty acids, lipopolysaccharides and trimethylamine oxide which play an important role in metabolism. FMT is a method to regulate GM and has been observed to be effective in the treatment of metabolic diseases such as T2DM in some mouse models and people. However, there is still a lack of direct evidence for the use of FMT in the treatment of T2DM, and the process of FMT is not standardized. Summary Dysregulation of GM is closely related to the development of T2DM. Promoting the conversion of GM in T2DM patients to normal population through FMT can reduce insulin resistance and lower their blood glucose level, which is an optional treatment for T2DM patients in the future. At present, the feasibility and limitations of applying FMT to the treatment of T2DM need to be further studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolan Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rumeng Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yichen Cai
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiu Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
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Rondanelli M, Barrile GC, Cavioni A, Donati P, Genovese E, Mansueto F, Mazzola G, Patelli Z, Pirola M, Razza C, Russano S, Sivieri C, Tartara A, Valentini EM, Perna S. A Narrative Review on Strategies for the Reversion of Prediabetes to Normoglycemia: Food Pyramid, Physical Activity, and Self-Monitoring Innovative Glucose Devices. Nutrients 2023; 15:4943. [PMID: 38068801 PMCID: PMC10707766 DOI: 10.3390/nu15234943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In 2019, "Nutrition Therapy for Adults with Diabetes or Prediabetes: A Consensus Report" was published. This consensus report, however, did not provide an easy way to illustrate to subjects with prediabetes (SwPs) how to follow a correct dietary approach. The purpose of this review is to evaluate current evidence on optimum dietary treatment of SwPs and to provide a food pyramid for this population. The pyramid built shows that everyday consumption should consist of: whole-grain bread or potatoes eaten with their skins (for fiber and magnesium) and low glycemic index carbohydrates (GI < 55%) (three portions); fruit and vegetables (5 portions), in particular, green leafy vegetables (for fiber, magnesium, and polyphenols); EVO oil (almost 8 g); nuts (30 g, in particular, pistachios and almonds); three portions of dairy products (milk/yogurt: 300-400 g/day); mineral water (almost 1, 5 L/day for calcium intake); one glass of wine (125 mL); and three cups of coffee. Weekly portions should include fish (four portions), white meat (two portions), protein plant-based food (four portions), eggs (egg portions), and red/processed meats (once/week). At the top of the pyramid, there are two pennants: a green one means that SwPs need some personalized supplementation (if daily requirements cannot be satisfied through diet, vitamin D, omega-3, and vitamin B supplements), and a red one means there are some foods and factors that are banned (simple sugar, refined carbohydrates, and a sedentary lifestyle). Three to four times a week of aerobic and resistance exercises must be performed for 30-40 min. Finally, self-monitoring innovative salivary glucose devices could contribute to the reversion of prediabetes to normoglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariangela Rondanelli
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (G.C.B.); (A.C.); (E.G.); (F.M.); (G.M.); (Z.P.); (M.P.); (C.R.); (C.S.); (A.T.); (E.M.V.)
| | - Gaetan Claude Barrile
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (G.C.B.); (A.C.); (E.G.); (F.M.); (G.M.); (Z.P.); (M.P.); (C.R.); (C.S.); (A.T.); (E.M.V.)
| | - Alessandro Cavioni
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (G.C.B.); (A.C.); (E.G.); (F.M.); (G.M.); (Z.P.); (M.P.); (C.R.); (C.S.); (A.T.); (E.M.V.)
| | - Paolo Donati
- AICUBE srl, 20090 Trezzano sul Naviglio, Italy; (P.D.); (S.R.)
| | - Elisa Genovese
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (G.C.B.); (A.C.); (E.G.); (F.M.); (G.M.); (Z.P.); (M.P.); (C.R.); (C.S.); (A.T.); (E.M.V.)
| | - Francesca Mansueto
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (G.C.B.); (A.C.); (E.G.); (F.M.); (G.M.); (Z.P.); (M.P.); (C.R.); (C.S.); (A.T.); (E.M.V.)
| | - Giuseppe Mazzola
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (G.C.B.); (A.C.); (E.G.); (F.M.); (G.M.); (Z.P.); (M.P.); (C.R.); (C.S.); (A.T.); (E.M.V.)
| | - Zaira Patelli
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (G.C.B.); (A.C.); (E.G.); (F.M.); (G.M.); (Z.P.); (M.P.); (C.R.); (C.S.); (A.T.); (E.M.V.)
| | - Martina Pirola
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (G.C.B.); (A.C.); (E.G.); (F.M.); (G.M.); (Z.P.); (M.P.); (C.R.); (C.S.); (A.T.); (E.M.V.)
| | - Claudia Razza
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (G.C.B.); (A.C.); (E.G.); (F.M.); (G.M.); (Z.P.); (M.P.); (C.R.); (C.S.); (A.T.); (E.M.V.)
| | - Stefano Russano
- AICUBE srl, 20090 Trezzano sul Naviglio, Italy; (P.D.); (S.R.)
| | - Claudia Sivieri
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (G.C.B.); (A.C.); (E.G.); (F.M.); (G.M.); (Z.P.); (M.P.); (C.R.); (C.S.); (A.T.); (E.M.V.)
| | - Alice Tartara
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (G.C.B.); (A.C.); (E.G.); (F.M.); (G.M.); (Z.P.); (M.P.); (C.R.); (C.S.); (A.T.); (E.M.V.)
| | - Eugenio Marzio Valentini
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (G.C.B.); (A.C.); (E.G.); (F.M.); (G.M.); (Z.P.); (M.P.); (C.R.); (C.S.); (A.T.); (E.M.V.)
| | - Simone Perna
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Division of Human Nutrition, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy;
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Malik SS, Padmanabhan D, Hull-Meichle RL. Pancreas and islet morphology in cystic fibrosis: clues to the etiology of cystic fibrosis-related diabetes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1269139. [PMID: 38075070 PMCID: PMC10704027 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1269139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a multi-organ disease caused by loss-of-function mutations in CFTR (which encodes the CF transmembrane conductance regulator ion channel). Cystic fibrosis related diabetes (CFRD) occurs in 40-50% of adults with CF and is associated with significantly increased morbidity and mortality. CFRD arises from insufficient insulin release from β cells in the pancreatic islet, but the mechanisms underlying the loss of β cell function remain understudied. Widespread pathological changes in the CF pancreas provide clues to these mechanisms. The exocrine pancreas is the epicenter of pancreas pathology in CF, with ductal pathology being the initiating event. Loss of CFTR function results in ductal plugging and subsequent obliteration. This in turn leads to destruction of acinar cells, fibrosis and fatty replacement. Despite this adverse environment, islets remain relatively well preserved. However, islet composition and arrangement are abnormal, including a modest decrease in β cells and an increase in α, δ and γ cell abundance. The small amount of available data suggest that substantial loss of pancreatic/islet microvasculature, autonomic nerve fibers and intra-islet macrophages occur. Conversely, T-cell infiltration is increased and, in CFRD, islet amyloid deposition is a frequent occurrence. Together, these pathological changes clearly demonstrate that CF is a disease of the pancreas/islet microenvironment. Any or all of these changes are likely to have a dramatic effect on the β cell, which relies on positive signals from all of these neighboring cell types for its normal function and survival. A thorough characterization of the CF pancreas microenvironment is needed to develop better therapies to treat, and ultimately prevent CFRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah S. Malik
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Diksha Padmanabhan
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, United States
- Seattle Institute for Biomedical and Clinical Research, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Rebecca L. Hull-Meichle
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, United States
- Seattle Institute for Biomedical and Clinical Research, Seattle, WA, United States
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
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Pusch E, Krążek M, Wojciechowicz T, Sassek M, Kołodziejski PA, Strowski MZ, Nowak KW, Skrzypski M. GIP_HUMAN [22-51] Peptide Encoded by the Glucose-Dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide (GIP) Gene Suppresses Insulin Expression and Secretion in INS-1E Cells and Rat Pancreatic Islets. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1910. [PMID: 37895259 PMCID: PMC10606481 DOI: 10.3390/genes14101910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
GIP_HUMAN [22-51] is a recently discovered peptide that shares the same precursor molecule with glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP). In vivo, chronic infusion of GIP_HUMAN [22-51] in ApoE-/- mice enhanced the development of aortic atherosclerotic lesions and upregulated inflammatory and proatherogenic proteins. In the present study, we evaluate the effects of GIP_HUMAN [22-51] on insulin mRNA expression and secretion in insulin-producing INS-1E cells and isolated rat pancreatic islets. Furthermore, we characterize the influence of GIP_HUMAN [22-51] on cell proliferation and death and on Nf-kB nuclear translocation. Rat insulin-producing INS-1E cells and pancreatic islets, isolated from male Wistar rats, were used in this study. Gene expression was evaluated using real-time PCR. Cell proliferation was studied using a BrdU incorporation assay. Cell death was quantified by evaluating histone-complexed DNA fragments. Insulin secretion was determined using an ELISA test. Nf-kB nuclear translocation was detected using immunofluorescence. GIP_HUMAN [22-51] suppressed insulin (Ins1 and Ins2) in INS-1E cells and pancreatic islets. Moreover, GIP_HUMAN [22-51] promoted the translocation of NF-κB from cytoplasm to the nucleus. In the presence of a pharmacological inhibitor of NF-κB, GIP_HUMAN [22-51] was unable to suppress Ins2 mRNA expression. Moreover, GIP_HUMAN [22-51] downregulated insulin secretion at low (2.8 mmol/L) but not high (16.7 mmol/L) glucose concentration. By contrast, GIP_HUMAN [22-51] failed to affect cell proliferation and apoptosis. We conclude that GIP_HUMAN [22-51] suppresses insulin expression and secretion in pancreatic β cells without affecting β cell proliferation or apoptosis. Notably, the effects of GIP_HUMAN [22-51] on insulin secretion are glucose-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Pusch
- Department of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Biostructure, Poznan University of Life Sciences, 60-637 Poznan, Poland; (E.P.); (M.K.); (T.W.); (M.S.); (P.A.K.); (K.W.N.)
| | - Małgorzata Krążek
- Department of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Biostructure, Poznan University of Life Sciences, 60-637 Poznan, Poland; (E.P.); (M.K.); (T.W.); (M.S.); (P.A.K.); (K.W.N.)
| | - Tatiana Wojciechowicz
- Department of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Biostructure, Poznan University of Life Sciences, 60-637 Poznan, Poland; (E.P.); (M.K.); (T.W.); (M.S.); (P.A.K.); (K.W.N.)
| | - Maciej Sassek
- Department of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Biostructure, Poznan University of Life Sciences, 60-637 Poznan, Poland; (E.P.); (M.K.); (T.W.); (M.S.); (P.A.K.); (K.W.N.)
| | - Paweł A. Kołodziejski
- Department of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Biostructure, Poznan University of Life Sciences, 60-637 Poznan, Poland; (E.P.); (M.K.); (T.W.); (M.S.); (P.A.K.); (K.W.N.)
| | - Mathias Z. Strowski
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany;
- Medical Clinic III, 15236 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Krzysztof W. Nowak
- Department of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Biostructure, Poznan University of Life Sciences, 60-637 Poznan, Poland; (E.P.); (M.K.); (T.W.); (M.S.); (P.A.K.); (K.W.N.)
| | - Marek Skrzypski
- Department of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Biostructure, Poznan University of Life Sciences, 60-637 Poznan, Poland; (E.P.); (M.K.); (T.W.); (M.S.); (P.A.K.); (K.W.N.)
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Wang Q, Li H, Lu H, Wang S, Li Y, Zhang Z, Han J, Yang Z, Yang Y, Hong Y. SAA1 exacerbates pancreatic β-cell dysfunction through activation of NF-κB signaling in high-fat diet-induced type 2 diabetes mice. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2023; 576:112043. [PMID: 37574124 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2023.112043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Insufficient decompensated insulin secretion and insulin resistance caused by pancreatic β-cell dysfunction are the pathological bases of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Glucolipotoxicity in pancreatic β-cells is an important factor leading to their dysfunction, closely related to inflammatory signals, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERs). However, there may be other unproven regulatory mechanisms that govern pancreatic β-cell dysfunction. Therefore, further elucidation of the underlying mechanisms that lead to pancreatic β-cells dysfunction will provide a sufficient theoretical basis for the more effective prevention and treatment of T2DM. As a stress protein with pro-inflammatory properties, Serum Amyloid 1 (SAA1) promotes the progression of metabolic syndrome-related diseases by activating immune cells and damaging endothelial cells. In the development of T2DM, the activation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling aggravates pancreatic β-cells dysfunction under the stimulation of free fatty acids (FFAs), inflammatory factors, and chemokines. Moreover, the facilitating effect of SAA1 on the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway has been demonstrated in other studies. In the present study, we demonstrated that SAA1 inhibits insulin secretion and promotes apoptotic molecular expression in pancreatic cells and islets and that NF-κB signaling inhibitors could reduce this effect of SAA1. SAA1 deficiency improved high-fat diet (HFD)-induced pancreatic β-cell dysfunction and decreased expression of NF-κB signaling molecules. Our findings suggested that HFD-induced SAA1 might exacerbate T2DM by enhancing pancreatic β-cell dysfunction; such a function of SAA1 might depend on NF-κB signaling activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, PR China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, PR China
| | - Henghao Lu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, PR China
| | - Shumin Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, PR China
| | - Yuxiu Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, PR China
| | - Zhenfen Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, PR China
| | - Jing Han
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, PR China
| | - Zhe Yang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, PR China
| | - Yanping Yang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, PR China
| | - Yan Hong
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, PR China.
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Li H, Xie X, Liu H, Zhang L, Qiang D, Li L, He YT, Bai G. Analysis of protein expression changes in patients with prediabetes using proteomics approaches. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2023; 37:e9448. [PMID: 36460301 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Proteomics and metabolomics are widely used in the study of diabetes, but rarely in prediabetes research. This study aimed to explore the mechanisms of early-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) by analyzing proteomic changes at different stages of glucose metabolism. METHODS A total of 40 individuals undergoing routine physical health examinations between December 2016 and April 2017 were enrolled. Subjects were divided into four groups based on fasting blood glucose (FPG) levels: FPG < 5.6 mmol/L (group A); FPG ≥ 5.6 mmol/L and <6.1 mmol/L (group B); FPG ≥ 6.1 mmol/L and <7.0 mmol/L (group C); and FPG ≥ 7.0 mmol/L (group D). Each group had 10 cases. Sera from these 40 subjects were analyzed by label-free quantitative liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). LC/MS/MS with selected reaction monitoring mode was also performed for qualitative and quantitative metabolomics analysis. Differentially expressed proteins were identified. Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) were used to analyze the differentially expressed metabolites. RESULTS A total of 202 differentially expressed proteins were screened and were identified as mainly secreted proteins. Comparing group A with group B, 32 proteins were up-regulated and 18 proteins were down-regulated. Comparing group A with group C, 24 proteins were up-regulated and 24 proteins were down-regulated. Comparing group A with group D, 19 proteins were up-regulated and 17 proteins were down-regulated. The fold change for up-regulated proteins was >1.2, p < 0.05, while the fold change for down-regulated proteins was <-1.2, p < 0.05. PLS-DA and OPLS-DA revealed 113 differentially expressed metabolites. Correlation analysis of differentially expressed metabolites of group A versus group B revealed that among the down-regulated differential proteins, transforming growth factor β-induced protein ig-h3 correlated negatively with metabolite L-saccharin, while among the up-regulated differential proteins, apolipoprotein C-IV correlated negatively with metabolite 3-methyloxindole. Among all differentially expressed proteins, 19 proteins were associated with early initiation of chronic inflammation, including CD14 and CSF-1R, which were newly identified in the early onset of T2DM. CONCLUSIONS Many proteins are differentially expressed between prediabetes and after T2DM diagnosis, although the specific mechanism remains unclear. The expression level of CD14 was significantly up-regulated and that of CSF-1R was significantly down-regulated when FPG was ≥5.6 mmol/L, suggesting that CD14 and CSF-1R may be important markers for early-onset T2DM and may serve as new targets for T2DM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Li
- Department of Endocrinology, First People's Hospital of Yinchuan, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xiaomin Xie
- Department of Endocrinology, First People's Hospital of Yinchuan, Yinchuan, China
| | - Huili Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, First People's Hospital of Yinchuan, Yinchuan, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, First People's Hospital of Yinchuan, Yinchuan, China
| | - Dan Qiang
- Department of Endocrinology, First People's Hospital of Yinchuan, Yinchuan, China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Endocrinology, First People's Hospital of Yinchuan, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yan Ting He
- Department of Endocrinology, First People's Hospital of Yinchuan, Yinchuan, China
| | - Guirong Bai
- Department of Endocrinology, First People's Hospital of Yinchuan, Yinchuan, China
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Jin X, Li X, Guan F, Zhang J. Human Endogenous Retroviruses and Toll-Like Receptors. Viral Immunol 2023; 36:73-82. [PMID: 36251943 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2022.0090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) are estimated to comprise ∼8% of the entire human genome, but the vast majority of them remain transcriptionally silent in most normal tissues due to accumulated mutations. However, HERVs can be frequently activated and detected in various tissues under certain conditions. Nucleic acids or proteins produced by HERVs can bind to pattern recognition receptors of immune cells or other cells and initiate an innate immune response, which may be involved in some pathogenesis of diseases, especially cancer and autoimmune diseases. In this review, we collect studies of the interaction between HERV elements and Toll-like receptors and attempt to provide an overview of their role in the immunopathological mechanisms of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Jin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, P.R. China
| | - Xueyuan Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, P.R. China
| | - Fang Guan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, P.R. China
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, P.R. China
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9
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Guo Q, Hou X, Cui Q, Li S, Shen G, Luo Q, Wu H, Chen H, Liu Y, Chen A, Zhang Z. Pectin mediates the mechanism of host blood glucose regulation through intestinal flora. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-23. [PMID: 36756885 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2173719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Pectin is a complex polysaccharide found in plant cell walls and interlayers. As a food component, pectin is benefit for regulating intestinal flora. Metabolites of intestinal flora, including short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), bile acids (BAs) and lipopolysaccharides (LPS), are involved in blood glucose regulation. SCFAs promote insulin synthesis through the intestine-GPCRs-derived pathway and hepatic adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway to promote hepatic glycogen synthesis. On the one hand, BAs stimulate intestinal L cells and pancreatic α cells to secrete Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and peptide YY (PYY) through receptors G protein-coupled receptor (TGR5) and farnesoid X receptor (FXR). On the other hand, BAs promote hepatic glycogen synthesis through AMPK pathway. LPS inhibits the release of inflammatory cytokines through Toll-like receptors (TLRs)-myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MYD88) pathway and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, thereby alleviating insulin resistance (IR). In brief, both SCFAs and BAs promote GLP-1 secretion through different pathways, employing strategies of increasing glucose consumption and decreasing glucose production to maintain normal glucose levels. Notably, pectin can also directly inhibit the release of inflammatory cytokines through the -TLRs-MYD88 pathway. These data provide valuable information for further elucidating the relationship between pectin-intestinal flora-glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Guo
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Xiaoyan Hou
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Qiang Cui
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Shanshan Li
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Guanghui Shen
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Qingying Luo
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Hejun Wu
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Hong Chen
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Yuntao Liu
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Anjun Chen
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Zhiqing Zhang
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
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10
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Lyne R, Bazaga A, Butano D, Contrino S, Heimbach J, Hu F, Kalderimis A, Lyne M, Reierskog K, Stepan R, Sullivan J, Wise A, Yehudi Y, Micklem G. HumanMine: advanced data searching, analysis and cross-species comparison. Database (Oxford) 2022; 2022:6640317. [PMID: 35820040 PMCID: PMC9275753 DOI: 10.1093/database/baac054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
HumanMine (www.humanmine.org) is an integrated database of human genomics and proteomics data that provides a powerful interface to support sophisticated exploration and analysis of data compiled from experimental, computational and curated data sources. Built using the InterMine data integration platform, HumanMine includes genes, proteins, pathways, expression levels, Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), diseases and more, integrated into a single searchable database. HumanMine promotes integrative analysis, a powerful approach in modern biology that allows many sources of evidence to be analysed together. The data can be accessed through a user-friendly web interface as well as a powerful, scriptable web service Application programming interface (API) to allow programmatic access to data. The web interface includes a useful identifier resolution system, sophisticated query options and interactive results tables that enable powerful exploration of data, including data summaries, filtering, browsing and export. A set of graphical analysis tools provide a rich environment for data exploration including statistical enrichment of sets of genes or other biological entities. HumanMine can be used for integrative multistaged analysis that can lead to new insights and uncover previously unknown relationships. Database URL: https://www.humanmine.org
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Lyne
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge , Downing Pl, Cambridge, CB2 3EH, UK
| | - Adrián Bazaga
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge , Downing Pl, Cambridge, CB2 3EH, UK
| | - Daniela Butano
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge , Downing Pl, Cambridge, CB2 3EH, UK
| | - Sergio Contrino
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge , Downing Pl, Cambridge, CB2 3EH, UK
| | - Joshua Heimbach
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge , Downing Pl, Cambridge, CB2 3EH, UK
| | - Fengyuan Hu
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge , Downing Pl, Cambridge, CB2 3EH, UK
| | - Alexis Kalderimis
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge , Downing Pl, Cambridge, CB2 3EH, UK
| | - Mike Lyne
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge , Downing Pl, Cambridge, CB2 3EH, UK
| | - Kevin Reierskog
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge , Downing Pl, Cambridge, CB2 3EH, UK
| | - Radek Stepan
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge , Downing Pl, Cambridge, CB2 3EH, UK
| | - Julie Sullivan
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge , Downing Pl, Cambridge, CB2 3EH, UK
| | - Archie Wise
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge , Downing Pl, Cambridge, CB2 3EH, UK
| | - Yo Yehudi
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge , Downing Pl, Cambridge, CB2 3EH, UK
| | - Gos Micklem
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge , Downing Pl, Cambridge, CB2 3EH, UK
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11
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John A, Raza H. Alterations in Inflammatory Cytokines and Redox Homeostasis in LPS-Induced Pancreatic Beta-Cell Toxicity and Mitochondrial Stress: Protection by Azadirachtin. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:867608. [PMID: 35794865 PMCID: PMC9251516 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.867608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and redox imbalance are hallmarks of cancer, diabetes, and other degenerative disorders. Pathophysiological response to these disorders leads to oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction by alterations and reprogramming in cellular signaling and metabolism. Pancreatic beta cells are very sensitive to the inflammatory and altered nutrient signals and hence play a crucial role in diabetes and cancer. In this study, we treated insulin-secreting pancreatic beta cells, Rin-5F, with the bacterial endotoxin, LPS (1 μg/ml) to induce an inflammatory response in vitro and then treated the cells with a known anti-inflammatory, anticancer and antioxidant phytochemical, azadirachtin (AZD, 25 µM for 24 h). Our results demonstrated lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide production causing increased nitro/oxidative stress and alterations in the activities of anti-oxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase and catalase after LPS treatment. Pro-inflammatory responses caused by translocation of nuclear factor kappa B and release of inflammatory cytokines were also observed. These changes were accompanied by GSH-dependent redox imbalance and alterations in mitochondrial membrane potential and respiratory complexes enzyme activities leading to mitochondrial respiratory dysfunction, reduced ATP synthesis, and intrinsic caspase-9 mediated apoptosis. Caspase-9 was activated due to alterations in Bcl-2 and Bax proteins and release of cytochrome c into the cytosol. The activities of oxidative stress-sensitive mitochondrial matrix enzymes, aconitase, and glutamate dehydrogenase were also inhibited. Treatment with AZD showed beneficial effects on the recovery of antioxidant enzymes, inflammatory responses, and mitochondrial functions. GSH-dependent redox homeostasis also recovered after the treatment with AZD. This study may help in better understanding the etiology and pathogenesis of inflammation-induced disorders in pancreatic beta cells to better manage therapeutic strategies.
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12
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Feng Y, Cao H, Hua J, Zhang F. Anti-Diabetic Intestinal Mechanisms: Foods, Herbs, and Western Medicines. Mol Nutr Food Res 2022; 66:e2200106. [PMID: 35481618 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202200106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The role of intestinal factors in the pathogenesis of diabetes, such as a decrease in the incretin effect, has recently attracted considerable attention. An imbalance in the gut microbiota inhibits the secretion of incretins, which are metabolic hormones can reduce blood glucose levels, and promotes the occurrence and development of diabetes. Numerous studies have demonstrated that foods are environmental factors that are important in the modulation of gut microbial-mediated glucose metabolism. In general, functional foods trigger the gut microbiota to produce beneficial metabolites or reduce harmful products through metabolic pathways and then regulate glucose and lipid metabolism. Recent studies have shown that similar to functional foods, the regulatory effects of some herbs and Western medicines are closely related to alterations in the gut microbiota. In this review, the intestinal mechanism of foods, herbs, and Western medicine in affecting the process of glucose metabolism is summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwei Feng
- Nutritional Department, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.,Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Hong Cao
- Nutritional Department, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.,Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.,Clinical Assessment Center of Functional Food, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.,Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Jiao Hua
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.,Hospital Infection-Control Department, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Nutritional Department, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.,Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.,Clinical Assessment Center of Functional Food, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.,Chinese Society of Nutritional Oncology, Beijing, 100022, China
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13
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Zhang B, Liu K, Yang H, Jin Z, Ding Q, Zhao L. Gut Microbiota: The Potential Key Target of TCM’s Therapeutic Effect of Treating Different Diseases Using the Same Method—UC and T2DM as Examples. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:855075. [PMID: 35433500 PMCID: PMC9005880 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.855075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional Chinese herbal medicine often exerts the therapeutic effect of “treating different diseases with the same method” in clinical practice; in other words, it is a kind of herbal medicine that can often treat two or even multiple diseases; however, the biological mechanism underlying its multi-path and multi-target pharmacological effects remains unclear. Growing evidence has demonstrated that gut microbiota dysbiosis plays a vital role in the occurrence and development of several diseases, and that the root cause of herbal medicine plays a therapeutic role in different diseases, a phenomenon potentially related to the improvement of the gut microbiota. We used local intestinal diseases, such as ulcerative colitis, and systemic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes, as examples; comprehensively searched databases, such as PubMed, Web of Science, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure; and summarized the related studies. The results indicate that multiple individual Chinese herbal medicines, such as Rhizoma coptidis (Huang Lian), Curcuma longa L (Jiang Huang), and Radix Scutellariae (Huang Qin), and Chinese medicinal compounds, such as Gegen Qinlian Decoction, Banxia Xiexin Decoction, and Shenling Baizhu Powder, potentially treat these two diseases by enriching the diversity of the gut microbiota, increasing beneficial bacteria and butyrate-producing bacteria, reducing pathogenic bacteria, improving the intestinal mucosal barrier, and inhibiting intestinal and systemic inflammation. In conclusion, this study found that a variety of traditional Chinese herbal medicines can simultaneously treat ulcerative colitis and type 2 diabetes, and the gut microbiota may be a significant target for herbal medicine as it exerts its therapeutic effect of “treating different diseases with the same method”.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boxun Zhang
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Liu
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haoyu Yang
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zishan Jin
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qiyou Ding
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Linhua Zhao
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Linhua Zhao,
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14
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Wu Y, Dong L, Song Y, Wu Y, Zhang Y, Wang S. Preventive effects of polysaccharides from Physalis alkekengi L. on dietary advanced glycation end product-induced insulin resistance in mice associated with the modulation of gut microbiota. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 204:204-214. [PMID: 35108598 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.01.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are commonly found in thermally processed foods, and long-term high AGE feeding has been reported to have negative effects on body health. In the current study, the effect of Physalis alkekengi L. fruit polysaccharide (PFP) on preventing dietary AGE-induced insulin resistance (IR) in mice was investigated. The results showed that PFP administration can significantly ameliorate hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance induced by dietary AGEs in mice. Compared to AGE-treated mice, the homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index and insulin sensitivity (HOMA-IS) index of PFP-treated mice were improved significantly (p < 0.05). The levels of endotoxin and inflammatory cytokines in the liver decreased, while the levels of insulin receptor substrate-1 and insulin receptor substrate-2 in the liver increased (p < 0.05). The 16S rRNA analysis showed that PFP administration reversed the Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes ratio and reduced lipopolysaccharide generation and inflammation-related bacteria, including Desulfovibrio and Acetatifactor. In addition, PFP administration also increased short-chain fatty acid levels in feces compared to dietary AGE-treated mice. Spearman's correlation analysis showed that certain specific genera, including Alistipes and Caproiciproducens, are closely related to IR-related parameters. These findings suggest that PFP can prevent dietary AGE-induced IR by modulating the gut microbiota and increasing microbial metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuekun Wu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Lu Dong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yujie Song
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yajing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Shuo Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
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15
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Yuan J, Yin X, Jiang H. Inhibition of Toll-like Receptor-4 expression for amelioration of myocardial injury in diabetes: A meta-analysis. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2022; 77:100137. [PMID: 36434877 PMCID: PMC9700273 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinsp.2022.100137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
To understand the relationship between the inhibition of Toll-Like Receptor-4 (TLR4) expression levels and diabetic myocardial injury, studies on TLR4 and diabetic myocardial injury in the China National Knowledge Internet (CNKI), WanFang database, VIP Database, PubMed, The Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and other databases were explored (retrieval details: November 2020). A meta-analysis of the selected literature was performed using the RevMan 5.4 software to detect publication bias using funnel plots and conduct a sensitivity analysis. Nine publications were finally included in this study, of which six included data on Heart Weight/Body Weight (HW/BW) indexes, and five included data on Left Ventricular Systolic Pressure (LVSP) and Left Ventricular End-Diastolic Pressure (LVEDP) indices. The meta-analysis showed that HW/BW was significantly reduced after the suppression of TLR4 expression (Standardized Mean Difference [SMD = 1.9], 95% CI between 0.59 and 3.21, p = 0.004), LVSP was significantly improved (SMD = -2.39, 95% CI between -4.32 and -0.46, p = 0.02), and LVEDP was significantly reduced (SMD = 2.88, 95% CI between 1.05 and 4.71, p = 0.002). The TLR4 signaling pathway plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of Diabetic Cardiomyopathy (DCM). Inhibition of TLR4 expression can improve the degree of cardiac impairment. TLR4 may become a new target for the treatment of DCM, and the use of TLR4 inhibitors may prove to be a novel strategy for therapeutic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxin Yuan
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Liaoning, China
| | - Xingwen Yin
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Liaoning, China
| | - Hua Jiang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Liaoning, China.
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16
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Portincasa P, Bonfrate L, Khalil M, Angelis MD, Calabrese FM, D’Amato M, Wang DQH, Di Ciaula A. Intestinal Barrier and Permeability in Health, Obesity and NAFLD. Biomedicines 2021; 10:83. [PMID: 35052763 PMCID: PMC8773010 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10010083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The largest surface of the human body exposed to the external environment is the gut. At this level, the intestinal barrier includes luminal microbes, the mucin layer, gastrointestinal motility and secretion, enterocytes, immune cells, gut vascular barrier, and liver barrier. A healthy intestinal barrier is characterized by the selective permeability of nutrients, metabolites, water, and bacterial products, and processes are governed by cellular, neural, immune, and hormonal factors. Disrupted gut permeability (leaky gut syndrome) can represent a predisposing or aggravating condition in obesity and the metabolically associated liver steatosis (nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, NAFLD). In what follows, we describe the morphological-functional features of the intestinal barrier, the role of major modifiers of the intestinal barrier, and discuss the recent evidence pointing to the key role of intestinal permeability in obesity/NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piero Portincasa
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Biomedical Sciences & Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy; (L.B.); (M.K.); (A.D.C.)
| | - Leonilde Bonfrate
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Biomedical Sciences & Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy; (L.B.); (M.K.); (A.D.C.)
| | - Mohamad Khalil
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Biomedical Sciences & Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy; (L.B.); (M.K.); (A.D.C.)
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Amendola 165/a, 70126 Bari, Italy; (M.D.A.); (F.M.C.)
| | - Maria De Angelis
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Amendola 165/a, 70126 Bari, Italy; (M.D.A.); (F.M.C.)
| | - Francesco Maria Calabrese
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Amendola 165/a, 70126 Bari, Italy; (M.D.A.); (F.M.C.)
| | - Mauro D’Amato
- Gastrointestinal Genetics Lab, CIC bioGUNE-BRTA, 48160 Derio, Spain;
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - David Q.-H. Wang
- Department of Medicine and Genetics, Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Marion Bessin Liver Research Center, Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA;
| | - Agostino Di Ciaula
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Biomedical Sciences & Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy; (L.B.); (M.K.); (A.D.C.)
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17
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Mukhuty A, Fouzder C, Kundu R. Fetuin-A secretion from β-cells leads to accumulation of macrophages in islets, aggravates inflammation and impairs insulin secretion. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:272470. [PMID: 34643217 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.258507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated fetuin-A levels, chemokines and islet-resident macrophages are crucial factors associated with obesity-mediated type 2 diabetes (T2D). Here, the aim of the study was to investigate the effect of MIN6 (a mouse insulinoma cell line)-derived fetuin-A (also known as AHSG) in macrophage polarization and decipher the effect of M1 type pro-inflammatory macrophages in commanding over insulin secretion. MIN6 and islet-derived fetuin-A induced expression of the M1 type macrophage markers Emr1 (also known as Adgre1), Cd68 and CD11c (Itgax) (∼1.8 fold) along with increased cytokine secretion. Interestingly, suppression of fetuin-A in MIN6 successfully reduced M1 markers by ∼1.5 fold. MIN6-derived fetuin-A also induced chemotaxis of macrophages in a Boyden chamber chemotaxis assay. Furthermore, high-fat feeding in mice showed elevated cytokine and fetuin-A content in serum and islets, and also migration and polarization of macrophages to the islets, while β-cells failed to meet the increased insulin demand. Moreover, in MIN6 culture, M1 macrophages sharply decreased insulin secretion by ∼2.8 fold. Altogether our results support an association of fetuin-A with islet inflammation and β-cell dysfunction, owing to its role as a key chemoattractant and macrophage polarizing factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alpana Mukhuty
- Cell Signaling Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan 731 235, India
| | - Chandrani Fouzder
- Cell Signaling Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan 731 235, India
| | - Rakesh Kundu
- Cell Signaling Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan 731 235, India
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18
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Murata T, Hashimoto K, Kohno S, Takahashi C, Yamaguchi M, Ito C, Masataka I, Kojima R, Hikita K, Kaneda N. Chemical inducer of regucalcin attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory responses in pancreatic MIN6 β-cells and RAW264.7 macrophages. FEBS Open Bio 2021; 12:175-191. [PMID: 34709731 PMCID: PMC8727933 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously isolated derrisfolin A, a novel rotenoid derivative, from the stems of Derris
trifoliata Lour. (Leguminosae). Here, we report that derrisfolin A induces the expression of endogenous regucalcin (RGN) protein in both pancreatic MIN6 β‐cells and RAW264.7 macrophages. Induction of RGN expression by derrisfolin A or retrovirus‐mediated gene transfer in MIN6 cells and RAW264.7 macrophages significantly decreased lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced mRNA expression of Nos2, Il1b, and Tnf via nuclear factor‐κB activation; reduced LPS‐induced apoptosis in MIN6 cells, accompanied by decreased production of nitric oxide, interleukin‐1β, and tumor necrosis factor‐α; and attenuated generation of LPS‐induced reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde, and 3‐nitrotyrosine in MIN6 cells. Additionally, in co‐cultures of MIN6 cells with RAW264.7 macrophages in the presence of LPS, induction of RGN expression by derrisfolin A or retrovirus‐mediated gene transfer in RAW264.7 macrophages attenuated apoptosis and oxidative/nitrosative stress in MIN6 cells. These results suggest that the induction of RGN expression in MIN6 cells was effective in suppressing LPS‐induced inflammatory cytotoxicity and that in co‐culture conditions, the induction of RGN expression in RAW264.7 macrophages blocked LPS‐induced paracrine effects of RAW264.7 macrophages on inflammatory cytotoxicity in MIN6 cells. Our findings suggest that derrisfolin A, a chemical inducer of RGN, might be useful for developing a new drug against macrophage‐associated β‐cell inflammation in type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomiyasu Murata
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kazunori Hashimoto
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Susumu Kohno
- Division of Oncology and Molecular Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Japan
| | - Chiaki Takahashi
- Division of Oncology and Molecular Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Yamaguchi
- Cancer Biology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Chihiro Ito
- Laboratory of Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Itoigawa Masataka
- School of Sport and Health Science, Tokai Gakuen University, Miyoshi, Japan
| | - Roji Kojima
- Laboratory of Analytical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kiyomi Hikita
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gifu University of Medical Science, Kani, Japan
| | - Norio Kaneda
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan
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19
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Wang Y, Liu S, Tang D, Dong R, Feng Q. Chitosan Oligosaccharide Ameliorates Metabolic Syndrome Induced by Overnutrition via Altering Intestinal Microbiota. Front Nutr 2021; 8:743492. [PMID: 34660667 PMCID: PMC8517441 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.743492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitosan oligosaccharides (COS) play a prebiotic role in many ways, whereas its function on microbiota is not fully understood. In this study, the effects of COS on metabolic syndrome were initially investigated by testing changes in the physiological indicators after adding COS to the diet of mice with high fat (group H) and low fat (group L). The results showed that COS markedly inhibited the accumulation of body weight and liver fat induced by high-fat diet, as well as restored the elevated concentration of blood glucose and fasting insulin to normal levels. Next, changes of the murine intestinal microbiota were examined. The results exhibited that COS reduced with-in-sample diversity, while the between-sample microbial diversity enhanced. Specifically, COS enriched Clostridium paraputrificum and Clostridium ramosum in the mice on a high-fat diet, while the abundance of Clostridium cocleatum was reduced. As a comparison, Parabacteroides goldsteinii and Bacteroides uniformis increased their abundance in response to COS in the low-fat diet group. Noticeably, a large amount of Akkermansia muciniphila was enriched in both high-fat or low-fat diet groups. Among the differential fecal bacteria, Clostridium ramosume was found to be positively interacted with Faecalibacterim prausnitzii and Clostridium paraputrificum; Clostridium paraputrificum had a positive interactions with Lactococcus chungangensis and Bifidobacterium mongoliense, suggesting that COS probably ameliorate metabolic syndrome through the microbiota in view of the lipid-lowering effects of these interacted bacteria. Furthermore, the gene expression data revealed that COS improved the functions related to intestinal barrier and glucose transport, which could be the trigger and consequence of the variations in gut microbiota induced by COS. Additionally, correlation analysis found that intestinal bacteria are related to physiological parameters, which further supports the mediating role of gut microbiota in the beneficial effect of COS. In summary, our research results provide new evidence for the prebiotic effects of COS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihua Wang
- School and Hospital of Stomatology and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration and Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration and School of Basic Medical Science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,School of Mathematics, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shili Liu
- School and Hospital of Stomatology and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration and Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration and School of Basic Medical Science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Di Tang
- School and Hospital of Stomatology and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration and Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration and School of Basic Medical Science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Rui Dong
- School and Hospital of Stomatology and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration and Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration and School of Basic Medical Science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qiang Feng
- School and Hospital of Stomatology and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration and Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration and School of Basic Medical Science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
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Ding F, Luo X, Tu Y, Duan X, Liu J, Jia L, Zheng P. Alpk1 Sensitizes Pancreatic Beta Cells to Cytokine-Induced Apoptosis via Upregulating TNF-α Signaling Pathway. Front Immunol 2021; 12:705751. [PMID: 34621265 PMCID: PMC8490819 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.705751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic beta cell failure is the hallmark of type 1 diabetes (T1D). Recent studies have suggested that pathogen recognizing receptors (PRRs) are involved in the survival, proliferation and function of pancreatic beta cells. So far, little is known about the role of alpha-protein kinase 1 (ALPK1), a newly identified cytosolic PRR specific for ADP-β-D-manno-heptose (ADP-heptose), in beta cell survival. In current study we aimed to fill the knowledge gap by investigating the role of Alpk1 in the apoptosis of MIN6 cells, a murine pancreatic beta cell line. We found that the expression of Alpk1 was significantly elevated in MIN6 cells exposed to pro-inflammatory cytokines, but not to streptozotocin, low-dose or high-dose glucose. Activation of Alpk1 by ADP heptose alone was insufficient to induce beta cell apoptosis. However, it significantly exacerbated cytokine-induced apoptosis in MIN6 cells. Mechanistic investigations showed that Alpk1 activation was potent to further induce the expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and Fas after cytokine stimulation, possibly due to enhanced activation of the TIFA/TAK1/NF-κB signaling axis. Treatment of GLP-1 receptor agonist decreased the expression of TNF-α and Fas and improved the survival of beta cells exposed to pro-inflammatory cytokines and ADP heptose. In summary, our data suggest that Alpk1 sensitizes beta cells to cytokine-induced apoptosis by potentiating TNF-α signaling pathway, which may provide novel insight into beta cell failure and T1D development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Ding
- Department of Endocrinology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xi Luo
- Department of Endocrinology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yiting Tu
- Department of Neurology, Shenzhen Samii International Medical Center (The Fourth People's Hospital of Shenzhen), Shenzhen, China
| | - Xianlan Duan
- Department of Endocrinology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jia Liu
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lijing Jia
- Department of Endocrinology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Peilin Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
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21
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Gut microbiome linked to pancreatitis. CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2021.100470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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22
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Talukdar R, Sarkar P, Jakkampudi A, Sarkar S, Aslam M, Jandhyala M, Deepika G, Unnisa M, Reddy DN. The gut microbiome in pancreatogenic diabetes differs from that of Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10978. [PMID: 34040023 PMCID: PMC8155207 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90024-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We hypothesized that the gut microbiome in patients with diabetes secondary to chronic pancreatitis (Type 3c) is different from those with Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes. This was a cross-sectional preliminary study that included 8 patients with Type 1, 10 with Type 2, 17 with Type 3c diabetes and 9 healthy controls. Demographic, clinical, biochemical, imaging and treatment data were recorded and sequencing of the V3–V4 region of the bacterial 16SrRNA was done on fecal samples. Bioinformatics and statistical analyses was performed to evaluate the differences in the diversity indices, distance matrices, relative abundances and uniqueness of organisms between the types of diabetes. There was significant difference in the species richness. Beta diversity was significantly different between patients with Type 3c diabetes and the other groups. 31 genera were common to all the three types of diabetes. There was significant differences in the species level taxa between Type 3c diabetes and the other groups. The unique bacterial species signature in Type 3c diabetes compared to Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes included Nesterenkonia sp. AN1, Clostridium magnum, Acinetobacter lwoffii, Clostridium septicum, Porphyromonas somerae, Terrabacter tumescens, and Synechococus sp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupjyoti Talukdar
- Pancreas Research Group and Division of Gut Microbiome Research, Wellcome DBT India Alliance Laboratories, Institute of Basic and Translational Research, Asian Healthcare Foundation, Asian Institute of Gastroenterology, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500032, India. .,Department of Medical Gastroenterology, Asian Institute of Gastroenterology, Hyderabad, India.
| | - Priyanka Sarkar
- Pancreas Research Group and Division of Gut Microbiome Research, Wellcome DBT India Alliance Laboratories, Institute of Basic and Translational Research, Asian Healthcare Foundation, Asian Institute of Gastroenterology, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500032, India
| | - Aparna Jakkampudi
- Pancreas Research Group and Division of Gut Microbiome Research, Wellcome DBT India Alliance Laboratories, Institute of Basic and Translational Research, Asian Healthcare Foundation, Asian Institute of Gastroenterology, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500032, India
| | - Subhaleena Sarkar
- Pancreas Research Group and Division of Gut Microbiome Research, Wellcome DBT India Alliance Laboratories, Institute of Basic and Translational Research, Asian Healthcare Foundation, Asian Institute of Gastroenterology, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500032, India
| | - Mohsin Aslam
- Department of Endocrinology, Asian Institute of Gastroenterology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Manasa Jandhyala
- Pancreas Research Group and Division of Gut Microbiome Research, Wellcome DBT India Alliance Laboratories, Institute of Basic and Translational Research, Asian Healthcare Foundation, Asian Institute of Gastroenterology, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500032, India
| | - G Deepika
- Department of Biochemistry, Asian Institute of Gastroenterology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Misbah Unnisa
- Department of Medical Gastroenterology, Asian Institute of Gastroenterology, Hyderabad, India
| | - D Nageshwar Reddy
- Department of Medical Gastroenterology, Asian Institute of Gastroenterology, Hyderabad, India
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Wang X, Yang J, Qiu X, Wen Q, Liu M, Zhou D, Chen Q. Probiotics, Pre-biotics and Synbiotics in the Treatment of Pre-diabetes: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials. Front Public Health 2021; 9:645035. [PMID: 33842424 PMCID: PMC8032954 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.645035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: This study aimed to review the data from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and identify evidence for microbiota's role and use of probiotics, pre-biotics, or synbiotics in pre-diabetes. Methods: RCTs of pro-, pre-, synbiotics for the treatment of pre-diabetes population will be summarized. We searched for EMBASE, MEDLINE, Web of Science, Cochrane Central, Clinical Trials (ClinicalTrials.gov) from inception to February 2021. Results: The gut microbiota influences host metabolic disorders via the modulation of metabolites, including short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), the endotoxin lipopolysaccharides (LPS), bile acids (BA) and trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), as well as mediating the interaction between the gastrointestinal system and other organs. Due to the limited sources of studies, inconsistent outcomes between included studies. Probiotics can decrease glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and have the potential to improve post-load glucose levels. The supplementation of probiotics can suppress the rise of blood cholesterol, but the improvement cannot be verified. Pre-biotics are failed to show an evident improvement in glycemic control, but their use caused the changes in the composition of gut microbiota. A combination of probiotics and pre-biotics in the synbiotics supplementation is more effective than probiotics alone in glycemic control. Conclusion: In the current studies using probiotics, pre-biotics or synbiotics for the treatment of pre-diabetes, the benefits of modulating the abundance of gut microbiota were partially demonstrated. However, there is insufficient evidence to show significant benefits on glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism and body composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Wang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiao Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xianliang Qiu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qing Wen
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Min Liu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Dongqi Zhou
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiu Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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24
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Schaid MD, Zhu Y, Richardson NE, Patibandla C, Ong IM, Fenske RJ, Neuman JC, Guthery E, Reuter A, Sandhu HK, Fuller MH, Cox ED, Davis DB, Layden BT, Brasier AR, Lamming DW, Ge Y, Kimple ME. Systemic Metabolic Alterations Correlate with Islet-Level Prostaglandin E 2 Production and Signaling Mechanisms That Predict β-Cell Dysfunction in a Mouse Model of Type 2 Diabetes. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11010058. [PMID: 33467110 PMCID: PMC7830513 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11010058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The transition from β-cell compensation to β-cell failure is not well understood. Previous works by our group and others have demonstrated a role for Prostaglandin EP3 receptor (EP3), encoded by the Ptger3 gene, in the loss of functional β-cell mass in Type 2 diabetes (T2D). The primary endogenous EP3 ligand is the arachidonic acid metabolite prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Expression of the pancreatic islet EP3 and PGE2 synthetic enzymes and/or PGE2 excretion itself have all been shown to be upregulated in primary mouse and human islets isolated from animals or human organ donors with established T2D compared to nondiabetic controls. In this study, we took advantage of a rare and fleeting phenotype in which a subset of Black and Tan BRachyury (BTBR) mice homozygous for the Leptinob/ob mutation—a strong genetic model of T2D—were entirely protected from fasting hyperglycemia even with equal obesity and insulin resistance as their hyperglycemic littermates. Utilizing this model, we found numerous alterations in full-body metabolic parameters in T2D-protected mice (e.g., gut microbiome composition, circulating pancreatic and incretin hormones, and markers of systemic inflammation) that correlate with improvements in EP3-mediated β-cell dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D. Schaid
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; (M.D.S.); (N.E.R.); (C.P.); (E.G.); (A.R.); (H.K.S.); (D.B.D.); (A.R.B.); (D.W.L.)
- Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (R.J.F.); (J.C.N.)
- Research Service, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Yanlong Zhu
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; (Y.Z.); (Y.G.)
- Human Proteomics Program, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Nicole E. Richardson
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; (M.D.S.); (N.E.R.); (C.P.); (E.G.); (A.R.); (H.K.S.); (D.B.D.); (A.R.B.); (D.W.L.)
- Research Service, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Chinmai Patibandla
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; (M.D.S.); (N.E.R.); (C.P.); (E.G.); (A.R.); (H.K.S.); (D.B.D.); (A.R.B.); (D.W.L.)
- Research Service, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Irene M. Ong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA;
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Rachel J. Fenske
- Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (R.J.F.); (J.C.N.)
- Research Service, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Joshua C. Neuman
- Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (R.J.F.); (J.C.N.)
- Research Service, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Erin Guthery
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; (M.D.S.); (N.E.R.); (C.P.); (E.G.); (A.R.); (H.K.S.); (D.B.D.); (A.R.B.); (D.W.L.)
- Research Service, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Austin Reuter
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; (M.D.S.); (N.E.R.); (C.P.); (E.G.); (A.R.); (H.K.S.); (D.B.D.); (A.R.B.); (D.W.L.)
- Research Service, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Harpreet K. Sandhu
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; (M.D.S.); (N.E.R.); (C.P.); (E.G.); (A.R.); (H.K.S.); (D.B.D.); (A.R.B.); (D.W.L.)
- Research Service, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Miles H. Fuller
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (M.H.F.); (B.T.L.)
- Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Elizabeth D. Cox
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53792, USA;
| | - Dawn B. Davis
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; (M.D.S.); (N.E.R.); (C.P.); (E.G.); (A.R.); (H.K.S.); (D.B.D.); (A.R.B.); (D.W.L.)
- Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (R.J.F.); (J.C.N.)
- Research Service, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Brian T. Layden
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (M.H.F.); (B.T.L.)
- Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Allan R. Brasier
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; (M.D.S.); (N.E.R.); (C.P.); (E.G.); (A.R.); (H.K.S.); (D.B.D.); (A.R.B.); (D.W.L.)
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Dudley W. Lamming
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; (M.D.S.); (N.E.R.); (C.P.); (E.G.); (A.R.); (H.K.S.); (D.B.D.); (A.R.B.); (D.W.L.)
- Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (R.J.F.); (J.C.N.)
- Research Service, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Ying Ge
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; (Y.Z.); (Y.G.)
- Human Proteomics Program, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Michelle E. Kimple
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; (M.D.S.); (N.E.R.); (C.P.); (E.G.); (A.R.); (H.K.S.); (D.B.D.); (A.R.B.); (D.W.L.)
- Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (R.J.F.); (J.C.N.)
- Research Service, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; (Y.Z.); (Y.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-1-608-265-5627
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Chen Y, Chen Y, Wang N, Gu S, Wang M, Fu Y, Wei C, Xu W. Doxycycline in Extremely Low Dose Improves Glycemic Control and Islet Morphology in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2021; 14:637-646. [PMID: 33603428 PMCID: PMC7884939 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s292264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Chronic low-grade inflammation is detected in obese and diabetic individuals. Tetracyclines, used as antibiotics for years, have been demonstrated to have diverse non-bactericidal effects, including anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory activities. This study aimed to investigate whether doxycycline at sub-antimicrobial concentrations could improve glycemic control in mice fed a high-fat diet, through its anti-inflammatory activities. METHODS C57BL/6J mice were fed with a high-fat diet to induce diabetic and obese conditions. Three sub-antimicrobial dosages of doxycycline (200, 20, and 2 μg/mL) were added to drinking water for 23 weeks during the housing phase. RESULTS Doxycycline at 200 μg/mL tended to increase body weight, islet mass, and the percentage of large islets (diameter >350 μm). At 20 μg/mL, doxycycline significantly improved glucose tolerance and decreased fasting blood glucose. At 2 μg/mL, doxycycline increased the percentage of small islets (diameter <80 μm). Serum C-reactive protein and lipopolysaccharide levels significantly decreased while the beta-cell ratio increased in all doxycycline-administered mice. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that doxycycline, even at an extremely low dose, could improve glycemic control and islet morphology via its anti-inflammatory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Multidisciplinary Research Center, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, 515063, People’s Republic of China
| | - Na Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Multidisciplinary Research Center, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, 515063, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shanhong Gu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meilin Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yucai Fu
- Laboratory of Cell Senescence, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chiju Wei
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Multidisciplinary Research Center, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, 515063, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Chiju Wei Shantou University, 243 Daxue Road, Shantou, Guangdong, 515063, People’s Republic of China Email
| | - Wencan Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, People’s Republic of China
- Wencan Xu Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, 57 Changping Road, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, People’s Republic of China Email
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He W, Rebello OD, Henne A, Nikolka F, Klein T, Maedler K. GLP-2 Is Locally Produced From Human Islets and Balances Inflammation Through an Inter-Islet-Immune Cell Crosstalk. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:697120. [PMID: 34290670 PMCID: PMC8287580 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.697120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) shows robust protective effects on β-cell survival and function and GLP-1 based therapies are successfully applied for type-2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity. Another cleavage product of pro-glucagon, Glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2; both GLP-1 and GLP-2 are inactivated by DPP-4) has received little attention in its action inside pancreatic islets. In this study, we investigated GLP-2 production, GLP-2 receptor (GLP-2R) expression and the effect of GLP-2R activation in human islets. Isolated human islets from non-diabetic donors were exposed to diabetogenic conditions: high glucose, palmitate, cytokine mix (IL-1β/IFN-γ) or Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the presence or absence of the DPP4-inhibitor linagliptin, the TLR4 inhibitor TAK-242, the GLP-2R agonist teduglutide and/or its antagonist GLP-2(3-33). Human islets under control conditions secreted active GLP-2 (full-length, non-cleaved by DPP4) into the culture media, which was increased by combined high glucose/palmitate, the cytokine mix and LPS and highly potentiated by linagliptin. Low but reproducible GLP-2R mRNA expression was found in all analyzed human islet isolations from 10 donors, which was reduced by pro-inflammatory stimuli: the cytokine mix and LPS. GLP-2R activation by teduglutide neither affected acute or glucose stimulated insulin secretion nor insulin content. Also, teduglutide had no effect on high glucose/palmitate- or LPS-induced dysfunction in cultured human islets but dampened LPS-induced macrophage-dependent IL1B and IL10 expression, while its antagonist GLP-2(3-33) abolished such reduction. In contrast, the expression of islet macrophage-independent cytokines IL6, IL8 and TNF was not affected by teduglutide. Medium conditioned by teduglutide-exposed human islets attenuated M1-like polarization of human monocyte-derived macrophages, evidenced by a lower mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, compared to vehicle treated islets, and a reduced production of itaconate and succinate, marker metabolites of pro-inflammatory macrophages. Our results reveal intra-islet production of GLP-2 and GLP-2R expression in human islets. Despite no impact on β-cell function, local GLP-2R activation reduced islet inflammation which might be mediated by a crosstalk between endocrine cells and macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei He
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biochemistry and Braunschweig Integrated Center of Systems Biology (BRICS), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
- *Correspondence: Wei He, ; Kathrin Maedler,
| | - Osmond D. Rebello
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Antonia Henne
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biochemistry and Braunschweig Integrated Center of Systems Biology (BRICS), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Fabian Nikolka
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biochemistry and Braunschweig Integrated Center of Systems Biology (BRICS), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Thomas Klein
- CardioMetabolic Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - Kathrin Maedler
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Wei He, ; Kathrin Maedler,
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Massier L, Blüher M, Kovacs P, Chakaroun RM. Impaired Intestinal Barrier and Tissue Bacteria: Pathomechanisms for Metabolic Diseases. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:616506. [PMID: 33767669 PMCID: PMC7985551 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.616506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
An intact intestinal barrier, representing the interface between inner and outer environments, is an integral regulator of health. Among several factors, bacteria and their products have been evidenced to contribute to gut barrier impairment and its increased permeability. Alterations of tight junction integrity - caused by both external factors and host metabolic state - are important for gut barrier, since they can lead to increased influx of bacteria or bacterial components (endotoxin, bacterial DNA, metabolites) into the host circulation. Increased systemic levels of bacterial endotoxins and DNA have been associated with an impaired metabolic host status, manifested in obesity, insulin resistance, and associated cardiovascular complications. Bacterial components and cells are distributed to peripheral tissues via the blood stream, possibly contributing to metabolic diseases by increasing chronic pro-inflammatory signals at both tissue and systemic levels. This response is, along with other yet unknown mechanisms, mediated by toll like receptor (TLR) transduction and increased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which in turn can further increase intestinal permeability leading to a detrimental positive feedback loop. The modulation of gut barrier function through nutritional and other interventions, including manipulation of gut microbiota, may represent a potential prevention and treatment target for metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Massier
- Medical Department III – Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Medical Department III – Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München, University Hospital Leipzig, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Peter Kovacs
- Medical Department III – Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Rima M. Chakaroun
- Medical Department III – Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
- *Correspondence: Rima M. Chakaroun,
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review focuses on recent evidence examining the role gut microbiota play in coronary heart disease. It also provides a succinct overview of current and future therapies targeting the gut microbiota for coronary heart disease risk reduction. RECENT FINDINGS A consensus has been reached that differences exist in the gut microbiotas of patients with coronary heart disease. Studies have shown that the gut microbiota is associated with obesity, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and hypertension, which are risk factors for coronary heart disease. The gut microbiota is involved in mediating basic metabolic processes, such as cholesterol metabolism, uric acid metabolism, oxidative stress, and inflammatory reactions, through its metabolites, which can induce the development of atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease. Interfering with the composition of gut microbiota, supplementing probiotics, and fecal donation are active areas of research to potentially prevent and treat coronary heart disease. Gut microbiota are causally associated with coronary heart disease. We analyzed the gut microbiota's effects on risk factors for coronary heart disease and studied the effects of gut microbiota metabolites on coronary heart disease. Gut microbiota is a potential target for preventing and treating coronary heart disease.
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Microbiota and Diabetes Mellitus: Role of Lipid Mediators. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12103039. [PMID: 33023000 PMCID: PMC7600362 DOI: 10.3390/nu12103039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is an inflammatory clinical entity with different mechanisms involved in its physiopathology. Among these, the dysfunction of the gut microbiota stands out. Currently, it is understood that lipid products derived from the gut microbiota are capable of interacting with cells from the immune system and have an immunomodulatory effect. In the presence of dysbiosis, the concentration of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) increases, favoring damage to the intestinal barrier. Furthermore, a pro-inflammatory environment prevails, and a state of insulin resistance and hyperglycemia is present. Conversely, during eubiosis, the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) is fundamental for the maintenance of the integrity of the intestinal barrier as well as for immunogenic tolerance and appetite/satiety perception, leading to a protective effect. Additionally, it has been demonstrated that alterations or dysregulation of the gut microbiota can be reversed by modifying the eating habits of the patients or with the administration of prebiotics, probiotics, and symbiotics. Similarly, different studies have demonstrated that drugs like Metformin are capable of modifying the composition of the gut microbiota, promoting changes in the biosynthesis of LPS, and the metabolism of SCFA.
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30
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Carapeto PV, Mandarim-de-Lacerda CA, Aguila MB. Effects of Y1 receptor agonist on the pancreatic islet of diet-induced obese and diabetic mice. J Diabetes Complications 2020; 34:107669. [PMID: 32646628 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2020.107669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Agonists of the NPY receptor might be potential in protecting pancreatic islets from injury. We aimed to characterize the role of [Leu31, Pro34]-PYY, an NPYR1 agonist, in pancreatic islets of a diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance model. METHODS We studied long-term high-fat diet intake as a model and selective agonist of the Y1 receptor to explore the pancreatic islet architecture and stereology, and insulin secretion in isolated islets and a whole animal model. Gene and protein expressions were assessed in isolated islets investigating the signaling cascades involved in inflammation, insulin signaling, and secretion. Also, the insulin release potential was studied in vitro. RESULTS Our data reveal that an infusion of NPYR1 for 14 days did not change the body mass of mice and eating behavior. NPYR1 did not modify the islet and beta-cell mass but positively impacted the inflammatory process by lowering the expressions of Tnf alpha and If gamma. Besides, NPYR1 restored the insulin signaling and the exocytose pattern by activating the PDX1/STAT3 pathway and improving the leptin signaling cascade. CONCLUSIONS The findings are compellingly indicating the potential effect of the NPYR1 as a target for improving the insulin resistance condition. As such, the infusion of the NPYR1 agonist would help to enhance insulin secretion by the beta-cell from the PDX1/STAT3 pathway and the improvement of the inflammatory process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Viana Carapeto
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, the University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carlos A Mandarim-de-Lacerda
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, the University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Marcia Barbosa Aguila
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, the University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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31
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Changes of saliva microbiota in the onset and after the treatment of diabetes in patients with periodontitis. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:13090-13114. [PMID: 32634783 PMCID: PMC7377876 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and oral microbiota is still insufficiently recognized. In the present study, we compared the salivary microbiome of nondiabetic individuals, treatment-naïve diabetic patients, and diabetic patients treated with metformin or a combination of insulin and other drugs. The α- and β-diversity demonstrated significant differences in the salivary microbiome between the nondiabetic people and patients with a history of diabetes, while little divergence was found among individuals with a history of diabetes. After characterizing the effects of periodontitis on the microbial composition of each group, the salivary microbiome of the treatment-naïve diabetic patient group was compared with that of nondiabetic people and the metformin/combined treatment groups. The results revealed changes in the contents of certain bacteria after both the onset and the treatment of diabetes; among these differential bacteria, Blautia_wexlerae, Lactobacillus_fermentum, Nocardia_coeliaca and Selenomonas_artemidis varied in all processes. A subsequent correlational analysis of the differential bacteria and clinical characteristics demonstrated that salivary microbes were related to drug treatment and certain pathological changes. Finally, the four common differential bacteria were employed for distinguishing the treatment-naïve diabetic patients from the nondiabetic people and the treated patients, with prediction accuracies of 83.3%, 75% and 75%, respectively.
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32
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Tovo PA, Rabbone I, Tinti D, Galliano I, Trada M, Daprà V, Cerutti F, Bergallo M. Enhanced expression of human endogenous retroviruses in new-onset type 1 diabetes: Potential pathogenetic and therapeutic implications. Autoimmunity 2020; 53:283-288. [PMID: 32586158 DOI: 10.1080/08916934.2020.1777281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) have been studied and proposed as relevant cofactors in several autoimmune diseases, including type 1 diabetes (T1D), though with controversial results and no study at disease onset. In order to gather further information on the potential role of HERVs in the development of T1D we assessed the transcription levels of pol genes of HERV-H, HERV-K, and HERV-W in peripheral leucocytes from 37 children and adolescents with new-onset T1D and 50 age-matched control subjects. A PCR real time Taqman amplification assay was used to evaluate HERV transcripts with normalisation of the results to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. The expression levels of HERV-H-pol gene and HERV-W-pol gene were significantly higher in diabetic patients than in control subjects. Conversely, no significant difference emerged in the expression levels of HERV-K-pol gene between diabetic patients and controls. The activation of HERV-H and HERV-W in new-onset T1D suggests their importance in the pathogenesis of the disease and supports targeted therapeutic attempts to hinder their activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pier-Angelo Tovo
- Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Ivana Rabbone
- Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Center of Pediatric Diabetology, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Davide Tinti
- Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Center of Pediatric Diabetology, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Ilaria Galliano
- Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Pediatric Laboratory, Department of Pediatric Sciences and Public Health, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Michela Trada
- Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Center of Pediatric Diabetology, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Valentina Daprà
- Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Pediatric Laboratory, Department of Pediatric Sciences and Public Health, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Franco Cerutti
- Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Center of Pediatric Diabetology, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Bergallo
- Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Pediatric Laboratory, Department of Pediatric Sciences and Public Health, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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33
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Chakaroun RM, Massier L, Kovacs P. Gut Microbiome, Intestinal Permeability, and Tissue Bacteria in Metabolic Disease: Perpetrators or Bystanders? Nutrients 2020; 12:E1082. [PMID: 32295104 PMCID: PMC7230435 DOI: 10.3390/nu12041082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The emerging evidence on the interconnectedness between the gut microbiome and host metabolism has led to a paradigm shift in the study of metabolic diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes with implications on both underlying pathophysiology and potential treatment. Mounting preclinical and clinical evidence of gut microbiota shifts, increased intestinal permeability in metabolic disease, and the critical positioning of the intestinal barrier at the interface between environment and internal milieu have led to the rekindling of the "leaky gut" concept. Although increased circulation of surrogate markers and directly measurable intestinal permeability have been linked to increased systemic inflammation in metabolic disease, mechanistic models behind this phenomenon are underdeveloped. Given repeated observations of microorganisms in several tissues with congruent phylogenetic findings, we review current evidence on these unanticipated niches, focusing specifically on the interaction between gut permeability and intestinal as well as extra-intestinal bacteria and their joint contributions to systemic inflammation and metabolism. We further address limitations of current studies and suggest strategies drawing on standard techniques for permeability measurement, recent advancements in microbial culture independent techniques and computational methodologies to robustly develop these concepts, which may be of considerable value for the development of prevention and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rima M. Chakaroun
- Medical Department III—Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (L.M.); (P.K.)
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34
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Yuan Q, Zhan B, Chang R, Du M, Mao X. Antidiabetic Effect of Casein Glycomacropeptide Hydrolysates on High-Fat Diet and STZ-Induced Diabetic Mice via Regulating Insulin Signaling in Skeletal Muscle and Modulating Gut Microbiota. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12010220. [PMID: 31952248 PMCID: PMC7019650 DOI: 10.3390/nu12010220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects and the underlying mechanisms of casein glycomacropeptide hydrolysate (GHP) on high-fat diet-fed and streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetes (T2D) in C57BL/6J mice. Results showed that 8-week GHP supplementation significantly decreased fasting blood glucose levels, restored insulin production, improved glucose tolerance and insulin tolerance, and alleviated dyslipidemia in T2D mice. In addition, GHP supplementation reduced the concentration of lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) and pro-inflammatory cytokines in serum, which led to reduced systematic inflammation. Furthermore, GHP supplementation increased muscle glycogen content in diabetic mice, which was probably due to the regulation of glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta and glycogen synthase. GHP regulated the insulin receptor substrate-1/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B pathway in skeletal muscle, which promoted glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) translocation. Moreover, GHP modulated the overall structure and diversity of gut microbiota in T2D mice. GHP increased the Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes ratio and the abundance of S24-7, Ruminiclostridium, Blautia and Allobaculum, which might contribute to its antidiabetic effect. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that the antidiabetic effect of GHP may be associated with the recovery of skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity and the regulation of gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qichen Yuan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (Q.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Biyuan Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Rui Chang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Min Du
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (Q.Y.)
- Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Xueying Mao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (Q.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-10-6273-8684
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35
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Song N, Liu X, Feng Q, Xu M, Lan X, Li M, Liu R, Li C, Dong T, Wang D, Liu S. Whole Body Vibration Triggers a Change in the Mutual Shaping State of Intestinal Microbiota and Body's Immunity. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2019; 7:377. [PMID: 31850333 PMCID: PMC6895539 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Whole body vibration (WBV) is a non-invasive physical therapy that has recently been included in the hospital's patient rehabilitation training catalog, but its health effects have not been sufficiently studied. In the present study, to examine the possible effects of WBV on immune cell differentiation, the IFN, IL-4,−17, F4/80 and CD3,−4,−8,−11b,−11c,−19 markers were used to characterizing the cells in mouse spleen. The results showed that the CD4 and CD25 positive lymphocytes in the spleen were significantly increased in the WBV group, and the population of Treg cells was enhanced significantly in response to WBV. Since the differentiation in immune cells is usually associated with microbiota, therefore the intestinal flora was characterized in mice and human individuals. The results indicated that WBV significantly reduced the α-diversity of mouse intestinal microbiota. Moreover, the principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) results indicated that the β-diversities of both mice and human fecal microbiota increased after WBV. Analysis of the bacterial composition indicated that the contents of a variety of bacteria changed in mice upon the stimulation of vibration, such as Lactobacillus animalis in mice, and Lactobacillus paraplantarum and Lactobacillus sanfranciscensis in human. The succeeding correlation analysis revealed that some bacteria with significant content variations were correlated to the regulatory T cell differentiation in mice and physical characteristics in human. Our research will provide the basis for future non-invasive treatment of microbial and immune related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Song
- School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Xia Liu
- School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Qiang Feng
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Department of Human Microbiome, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Department of Human Microbiome, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Mengchen Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiang Lan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Department of Human Microbiome, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Department of Human Microbiome, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Meihui Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Department of Human Microbiome, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Department of Human Microbiome, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Rutao Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Caixia Li
- Department of Evidence Identification, Institute of Forensic Science of China, Beijing, China
| | - Tianyi Dong
- Department of Breast Thyroid Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Deqiang Wang
- School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Shili Liu
- School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
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36
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW The aim of this review is to discuss recent data pointing at an involvement of human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) in type 1 diabetes (T1D) onset and progression. RECENT FINDINGS The envelope protein of HERV-W family, named HERV-W-Env, was detected in pancreata from T1D patients and was shown to display pro-inflammatory properties and direct toxicity toward pancreatic beta cells. The etiopathogenesis of T1D remains elusive, even if conventional environmental viral infections have been recurrently involved. Nonetheless, a new category of pathogens may provide the missing link between genetic susceptibility and environmental factors long thought to contribute to T1D onset. A number of studies have now shown that HERV sequences, which are normally inactivated or repressed in the human genome, could be activated by environmental viruses. Thus, if similarly activated by viruses associated with T1D, disregarded HERV genes may underlie T1D genetic susceptibility. Moreover, once expressed, HERV elements may display broad pathogenic properties, which identify them as potential new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Levet
- GeNeuro Innovation, 60 avenue Rockefeller, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - B. Charvet
- GeNeuro Innovation, 60 avenue Rockefeller, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - A. Bertin
- Faculté de Médecine, CHU Lille, Laboratoire de Virologie EA3610, Université Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - A. Deschaumes
- Faculté de Médecine, CHU Lille, Laboratoire de Virologie EA3610, Université Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - H. Perron
- GeNeuro Innovation, 60 avenue Rockefeller, 69008 Lyon, France
- Laboratoire des déficits immunitaires, University of Lyon, Lyon, France
- Plan-les-Ouates, GeNeuro SA, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - D. Hober
- Faculté de Médecine, CHU Lille, Laboratoire de Virologie EA3610, Université Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
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37
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Adolph TE, Mayr L, Grabherr F, Schwärzler J, Tilg H. Pancreas–Microbiota Cross Talk in Health and Disease. Annu Rev Nutr 2019; 39:249-266. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-082018-124306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The pancreas controls metabolism through endocrine and exocrine functions. Pancreatic diseases comprise a spectrum of mild to life-threatening conditions, including acute and chronic pancreatitis, diabetes, and pancreatic cancer, which affect endocrine and exocrine pancreatic function and impose a substantial disease burden on individuals. Increasing experimental evidence demonstrates that the intestinal microbiota has an important impact on pancreatic function and diseases. This influence may be conferred by bacterial metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids, or the modulation of immune responses. In turn, pancreatic factors, such as the excretion of antimicrobials, might have a substantial impact on the composition and functional properties of the gut microbiota. Here, we summarize experimental and clinical approaches used to untie the intricate pancreas–microbiota cross talk. Future advances will allow clinicians to manipulate the intestinal microbiota and guide patient management in pancreatic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timon E. Adolph
- Department of Internal Medicine I (Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism), Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Lisa Mayr
- Department of Internal Medicine I (Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism), Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Felix Grabherr
- Department of Internal Medicine I (Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism), Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Julian Schwärzler
- Department of Internal Medicine I (Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism), Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Herbert Tilg
- Department of Internal Medicine I (Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism), Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
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38
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Acosta-Montaño P, Rodríguez-Velázquez E, Ibarra-López E, Frayde-Gómez H, Mas-Oliva J, Delgado-Coello B, Rivero IA, Alatorre-Meda M, Aguilera J, Guevara-Olaya L, García-González V. Fatty Acid and Lipopolysaccharide Effect on Beta Cells Proteostasis and its Impact on Insulin Secretion. Cells 2019; 8:cells8080884. [PMID: 31412623 PMCID: PMC6721695 DOI: 10.3390/cells8080884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic overload by saturated fatty acids (SFA), which comprises β-cell function, and impaired glucose-stimulated insulin secretion are frequently observed in patients suffering from obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The increase of intracellular Ca2+ triggers insulin granule release, therefore several mechanisms regulate Ca2+ efflux within the β-cells, among others, the plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase (PMCA). In this work, we describe that lipotoxicity mediated mainly by the saturated palmitic acid (PA) (16C) is associated with loss of protein homeostasis (proteostasis) and potentially cell viability, a phenomenon that was induced to a lesser extent by stearic (18C), myristic (14C) and lauric (12C) acids. PA was localized on endoplasmic reticulum, activating arms of the unfolded protein response (UPR), as also promoted by lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-endotoxins. In particular, our findings demonstrate an alteration in PMCA1/4 expression caused by PA and LPS which trigger the UPR, affecting not only insulin release and contributing to β-cell mass reduction, but also increasing reactive nitrogen species. Nonetheless, stearic acid (SA) did not show these effects. Remarkably, the proteolytic degradation of PMCA1/4 prompted by PA and LPS was avoided by the action of monounsaturated fatty acids such as oleic and palmitoleic acid. Oleic acid recovered cell viability after treatment with PA/LPS and, more interestingly, relieved endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. While palmitoleic acid improved the insulin release, this fatty acid seems to have more relevant effects upon the expression of regulatory pumps of intracellular Ca2+. Therefore, chain length and unsaturation of fatty acids are determinant cues in proteostasis of β-cells and, consequently, on the regulation of calcium and insulin secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paloma Acosta-Montaño
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina Mexicali, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, 21000 Mexicali, Mexico
| | - Eustolia Rodríguez-Velázquez
- Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, 22390 Tijuana, Mexico
- Tecnológico Nacional de México/I.T. Tijuana, Centro de Graduados e Investigación en Química-Grupo de Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, 22510 Tijuana, Mexico
| | - Esmeralda Ibarra-López
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina Mexicali, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, 21000 Mexicali, Mexico
| | - Héctor Frayde-Gómez
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina Mexicali, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, 21000 Mexicali, Mexico
- Hospital General de Zona No. 30, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, 21100 Mexicali, Mexico
| | - Jaime Mas-Oliva
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Blanca Delgado-Coello
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Ignacio A Rivero
- Tecnológico Nacional de México/I.T. Tijuana, Centro de Graduados e Investigación en Química, 22000 Tijuana, Mexico
| | - Manuel Alatorre-Meda
- Cátedras CONACyT- Tecnológico Nacional de México/I.T. Tijuana. Centro de Graduados e Investigación en Química-Grupo de Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, 22000 Tijuana, Mexico
| | - Jorge Aguilera
- Tecnológico Nacional de México/I.T. Tijuana, Centro de Graduados e Investigación en Química, 22000 Tijuana, Mexico
| | - Lizbeth Guevara-Olaya
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina Mexicali, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, 21000 Mexicali, Mexico
| | - Victor García-González
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina Mexicali, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, 21000 Mexicali, Mexico.
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Ma Q, Li Y, Li P, Wang M, Wang J, Tang Z, Wang T, Luo L, Wang C, Wang T, Zhao B. Research progress in the relationship between type 2 diabetes mellitus and intestinal flora. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 117:109138. [PMID: 31247468 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a common clinical chronic disease, while its pathogenesis is still inconclusive. Intestinal flora, the largest micro-ecological system in the human body, is involved in, meanwhile has a major impact on the body's material and energy metabolism. Recent studies have shown that in addition to obesity, genetics, and islet dysfunction, the disturbance of intestinal flora may partly give rise to diabetes. In this paper, we summarized the current research on the correlation between T2DM and intestinal flora, and concluded the pathological mechanisms of intestinal flora involved in T2DM. Moreover, the ideas and methods of prevention and treatment of T2DM based on intestinal flora were proposed, providing theoretical basis and literature reference for the treatment of T2DM and its complications based on the regulation of intestinal flora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quantao Ma
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No.11 North 3rd Ring East Road, Chao-Yang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yaqi Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No.11 North 3rd Ring East Road, Chao-Yang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Pengfei Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No.11 North 3rd Ring East Road, Chao-Yang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Min Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No.11 North 3rd Ring East Road, Chao-Yang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jingkang Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No.11 North 3rd Ring East Road, Chao-Yang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Ziyan Tang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No.11 North 3rd Ring East Road, Chao-Yang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Ting Wang
- National Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, No.8 Hong-Da Middle Road, Da-Xing District, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Linglong Luo
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No.11 North 3rd Ring East Road, Chao-Yang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Chunguo Wang
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11 North 3rd Ring East Road, Chao-Yang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11 North 3rd Ring East Road, Chao-Yang District, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Baosheng Zhao
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11 North 3rd Ring East Road, Chao-Yang District, Beijing, 100029, China.
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Lew KN, Starkweather A, Cong X, Judge M. A Mechanistic Model of Gut-Brain Axis Perturbation and High-Fat Diet Pathways to Gut Microbiome Homeostatic Disruption, Systemic Inflammation, and Type 2 Diabetes. Biol Res Nurs 2019; 21:384-399. [PMID: 31113222 DOI: 10.1177/1099800419849109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a highly prevalent metabolic disease, affecting nearly 10% of the American population. Although the etiopathogenesis of T2D remains poorly understood, advances in DNA sequencing technologies have allowed for sophisticated interrogation of the human microbiome, providing insight into the role of the gut microbiome in the development and progression of T2D. An emerging body of research reveals that gut-brain axis (GBA) perturbations and a high-fat diet (HFD), along with other modifiable and nonmodifiable risk factors, contribute to gut microbiome homeostatic imbalance. Homeostatic imbalance or disruption increases gut wall permeability and facilitates translocation of endotoxins (lipopolysaccharides) into the circulation with resultant systemic inflammation. Chronic, low-grade systemic inflammation ensues with pro-inflammatory pathways activated, contributing to obesity, insulin resistance (IR), pancreatic β-cell decline, and, thereby, T2D. While GBA perturbations and HFD are implicated in provoking these conditions, prior mechanistic models have tended to examine HFD and GBA pathways exclusively without considering their shared pathways to T2D. Addressing this gap, this article proposes a mechanistic model informed by animal and human studies to advance scientific understanding of (1) modifiable and nonmodifiable risk factors for gut microbiome homeostatic disruption, (2) HFD and GBA pathways contributing to homeostatic disruption, and (3) shared GBA and HFD pro-inflammatory pathways to obesity, IR, β-cell decline, and T2D. The proposed mechanistic model, based on the extant literature, proposes a framework for studying the complex relationships of the gut microbiome to T2D to advance study in this promising area of research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xiaomei Cong
- 1 School of Nursing, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Michelle Judge
- 1 School of Nursing, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
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Weight loss probiotic supplementation effect in overweight and obesity subjects: A review. Clin Nutr 2019; 39:694-704. [PMID: 30987812 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2019.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Obese individuals present adverse changes in the diversity and composition of the gut microbiota, leading to alterations in energy balance, lipid metabolism, endocrine disturbances, and low-grade chronic systemic inflammation increases. Probiotic supplementation appears to change gut microbiota by decrease gut permeability, inflammation, and metabolic disorders, creating a promising environment to weight loss. This revision resumes the main findings of probiotic supplementation and weight loss that contributed to building the current background linking changes in gut microbiota profile and with obesity.
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GPR120 protects lipotoxicity-induced pancreatic β-cell dysfunction through regulation of PDX1 expression and inhibition of islet inflammation. Clin Sci (Lond) 2019; 133:101-116. [PMID: 30523046 DOI: 10.1042/cs20180836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
G-protein coupled receptor 120 (GPR120) has been shown to act as an omega-3 unsaturated fatty acid sensor and is involved in insulin secretion. However, the underlying mechanism in pancreatic β cells remains unclear. To explore the potential link between GPR120 and β-cell function, its agonists docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and GSK137647A were used in palmitic acid (PA)-induced pancreatic β-cell dysfunction, coupled with GPR120 knockdown (KD) in MIN6 cells and GPR120 knockout (KO) mice to identify the underlying signaling pathways. In vitro and ex vivo treatments of MIN6 cells and islets isolated from wild-type (WT) mice with DHA and GSK137647A restored pancreatic duodenal homeobox-1 (PDX1) expression levels and β-cell function via inhibiting PA-induced elevation of proinflammatory chemokines and activation of nuclear factor κB, c-Jun amino (N)-terminal kinases1/2 and p38MAPK signaling pathways. On the contrary, these GPR120 agonism-mediated protective effects were abolished in GPR120 KD cells and islets isolated from GPR120 KO mice. Furthermore, GPR120 KO mice displayed glucose intolerance and insulin resistance relative to WT littermates, and β-cell functional related genes were decreased while inflammation was exacerbated in islets with increased macrophages in pancreas from GPR120 KO mice. DHA and GSK137647A supplementation ameliorated glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity, as well as improved Pdx1 expression and islet inflammation in diet-induced obese WT mice, but not in GPR120 KO mice. These findings indicate that GPR120 activation is protective against lipotoxicity-induced pancreatic β-cell dysfunction, via the mediation of PDX1 expression and inhibition of islet inflammation, and that GPR120 activation may serve as a preventative and therapeutic target for obesity and diabetes.
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Tse LH, Wong YH. GPCRs in Autocrine and Paracrine Regulations. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:428. [PMID: 31354618 PMCID: PMC6639758 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) constitute the largest superfamily of integral membrane protein receptors. As signal detectors, the several 100 known GPCRs are responsible for sensing the plethora of endogenous ligands that are critical for the functioning of our endocrine system. Although GPCRs are typically considered as detectors for first messengers in classical signal transduction pathways, they seldom operate in isolation in complex biological systems. Intercellular communication between identical or different cell types is often mediated by autocrine or paracrine signals that are generated upon activation of specific GPCRs. In the context of energy homeostasis, the distinct complement of GPCRs in each cell type bridges the autocrine and paracrine communication within an organ, and the various downstream signaling mechanisms regulated by GPCRs can be integrated in a cell to produce an ultimate output. GPCRs thus act as gatekeepers that coordinate and fine-tune a response. By examining the role of GPCRs in activating and receiving autocrine and paracrine signals, one may have a better understanding of endocrine diseases that are associated with GPCR mutations, thereby providing new insights for treatment regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lap Hang Tse
- Division of Life Science, Biotechnology Research Institute, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Yung Hou Wong
- Division of Life Science, Biotechnology Research Institute, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Molecular Neuroscience Center, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- *Correspondence: Yung Hou Wong
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Abstract
Oxidative stress is one of the key mechanisms of sepsis related organ dysfunction including stress hyperglycemia. Silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1 (SIRT1) could regulate glucose metabolism through its deacetylase activity. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of SIRT1/forkhead box protein 1 (FoxO1) pathway on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced INS-1 cells dysfunction from aspects of oxidative stress and apoptosis. After being treated with 1 mg/L LPS together with or without SIRT1 activator resveratrol (RSV) or SIRT1 inhibitor EX527, cell viability, ROS generation, malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide, insulin secretion, and activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in INS-1 cells were measured by specific assays. Protein expression of SIRT1, FoxO1, toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), and acetylated FoxO1 (ac-FoxO1) were detected by western blot analysis. Nuclear and cytoplasmic protein was extracted respectively to analyze SIRT1 and FoxO1 redistribution. Mitochondrial potentials and apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry or observed under fluorescence microscope. Results showed that LPS decreased cell viability and insulin secretion, increased ROS, MDA, and superoxide generation, whereas inhibited SOD activity and FoxO1 nuclear transportation. Activation of SIRT1 by RSV down-regulated TLR4 expression, SIRT1 and FoxO1 nuclear protein expression increased after RSV pretreatment. Additionally, LPS induced decreased mitochondrial membrane potentials and structural abnormalities, which could be partially reversed by RSV. SIRT1/FoxO1 may be one of potential targets which could resist against LPS-induced INS-1 cells from oxidative stress damage and mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxing Mo
- a Department of Emergency , Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Xiao Wang
- a Department of Emergency , Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Qinmin Ge
- a Department of Emergency , Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Fan Bian
- b Department of Nephrology , Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
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Causal Relationship between Diet-Induced Gut Microbiota Changes and Diabetes: A Novel Strategy to Transplant Faecalibacterium prausnitzii in Preventing Diabetes. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19123720. [PMID: 30467295 PMCID: PMC6320976 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Revised: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of metabolic disorders, including diabetes, has elevated exponentially during the last decades and enhanced the risk of a variety of complications, such as diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. In the present review, we have highlighted the new insights on the complex relationships between diet-induced modulation of gut microbiota and metabolic disorders, including diabetes. Literature from various library databases and electronic searches (ScienceDirect, PubMed, and Google Scholar) were randomly collected. There exists a complex relationship between diet and gut microbiota, which alters the energy balance, health impacts, and autoimmunity, further causes inflammation and metabolic dysfunction, including diabetes. Faecalibacterium prausnitzii is a butyrate-producing bacterium, which plays a vital role in diabetes. Transplantation of F. prausnitzii has been used as an intervention strategy to treat dysbiosis of the gut’s microbial community that is linked to the inflammation, which precedes autoimmune disease and diabetes. The review focuses on literature that highlights the benefits of the microbiota especially, the abundant of F. prausnitzii in protecting the gut microbiota pattern and its therapeutic potential against inflammation and diabetes.
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Santos RMD, Marani F, Chiba FY, Mattera MSDLC, Tsosura TVS, Tessarin GWL, Pereira RF, Belardi BE, Pinheiro BCES, Sumida DH. Melatonin promotes reduction in TNF levels and improves the lipid profile and insulin sensitivity in pinealectomized rats with periodontal disease. Life Sci 2018; 213:32-39. [PMID: 30321542 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.09.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to investigate the effects of melatonin (ME) on insulin resistance (IR) and signaling (IS), proinflammatory cytokine levels, and lipid profiles in pinealectomyzed (PNX) rats with periodontal disease (PD). MAIN METHODS One hundred and forty-four rats (age = 40 days) were distributed into 8 groups: 1) control (CN); 2) PD only; 3) PNX only; 4) PNX and PD (PNXPD); 5) CN treated with ME (CNM); 6) PD treated with ME (PDM); 7) PNX treated with ME(PNXM); 8) PNX and PD treated with ME(PNXPDM). The PNX groups were subjected to pinealectomy at 40 and at 60 days of age. The animals were then subjected to PD induction in the mandibular first molars. After PD induction, the ME replacement therapy (MERT-5 mg/kg body weight) was performed using water for 28 days. After this period, the plasma concentration of glucose, insulin, TNF, IL-6, triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and VLDL-cholesterol and the HOMA-IR index were determined. Akt serine phosphorylation status in the white adipose tissue, gastrocnemius muscle, and rat liver were also evaluated. KEY FINDINGS PD, PNX, and PNXPD groups showed an increase in IR with elevated plasma levels of insulin and TNF compared to CN group. PNX and PNXPD groups presented alteration in lipid profile compared to CN group. MERT improved all of the analyzed parameters. No difference was observed in the IS among different groups. SIGNIFICANCE The results suggest that MERT efficiently prevents IR, improves lipid profile, and increases plasma levels of insulin and TNF in PD and PNX rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Martins Dos Santos
- Programa de Pós-graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas-SBFis, Brazil; Department of Basic Sciences, School of Dentistry of Araçatuba, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernando Marani
- Programa de Pós-graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas-SBFis, Brazil; Department of Basic Sciences, School of Dentistry of Araçatuba, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernando Yamamoto Chiba
- Preventive and Social Dentistry Post-Graduation Program School of Dentistry of Araçatuba, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Sara de Lima Coutinho Mattera
- Programa de Pós-graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas-SBFis, Brazil; Department of Basic Sciences, School of Dentistry of Araçatuba, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Thais Verônica Saori Tsosura
- Programa de Pós-graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas-SBFis, Brazil; Department of Basic Sciences, School of Dentistry of Araçatuba, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Gestter Willian Lattari Tessarin
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Dentistry of Araçatuba, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, SP, Brazil; Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renato Felipe Pereira
- Programa de Pós-graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas-SBFis, Brazil; Department of Basic Sciences, School of Dentistry of Araçatuba, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Bianca Elvira Belardi
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Dentistry of Araçatuba, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Costa E Silva Pinheiro
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Dentistry of Araçatuba, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Doris Hissako Sumida
- Programa de Pós-graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas-SBFis, Brazil; Department of Basic Sciences, School of Dentistry of Araçatuba, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, SP, Brazil.
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He W, Rebello O, Savino R, Terracciano R, Schuster-Klein C, Guardiola B, Maedler K. TLR4 triggered complex inflammation in human pancreatic islets. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1865:86-97. [PMID: 30287405 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) is strongly associated with obesity and inflammation. Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4) is the major pro-inflammatory pathway with its ligands and downstream products increased systemically in T2D and in at-risk individuals. Detailed mechanisms of the complex proinflammatory response in pancreatic islets remain unknown. In isolated human islets LPS induced IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF production in a TLR4-dependent manner and severely impaired β-cell survival and function. IL-6 antagonism improved β-cell function. IL-8, which was identified specifically in α-cells, initiated monocyte migration, a process fully blocked by IL-8 neutralization. The TLR4 response was potentiated in obese donors; with higher IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8 expression than in non-obese donors. TLR4 activation leads to a complex multi-cellular inflammatory response in human islets, which involves β-cell failure, cytokine production and macrophage recruitment to islets. In obesity, the amplified TLR4 response may potentiate β-cell damage and accelerate diabetes progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei He
- University of Bremen, Center for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, Germany.
| | - Osmond Rebello
- University of Bremen, Center for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, Germany
| | - Rocco Savino
- Department of Health Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Rosa Terracciano
- Department of Health Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | | | - Kathrin Maedler
- University of Bremen, Center for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, Germany.
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Lytrivi M, Igoillo-Esteve M, Cnop M. Inflammatory stress in islet β-cells: therapeutic implications for type 2 diabetes? Curr Opin Pharmacol 2018; 43:40-45. [PMID: 30142486 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is a common complex disease. Relatively little is known about the underlying pathophysiology. Mild islet inflammation has been suggested to play a pathogenic role; here we review the available evidence. Mild islet inflammation is histologically detected in pancreas sections of type 2 diabetic patients. In experimental models, it can be triggered by excess nutrients, amyloid, lipopolysaccharide, and endoplasmic reticulum and oxidative stress. Transcriptome studies do not consistently identify pro-inflammatory gene expression signatures in type 2 diabetic islets, and genetic evidence calls into question the causality of inflammation. Several anti-inflammatory medications confer a modest glucose-lowering effect, supporting the role for inflammation in type 2 diabetes. Whether these anti-inflammatory therapies target inflammation in islets or in other metabolically relevant tissues remains unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Lytrivi
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium; Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Mariana Igoillo-Esteve
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Miriam Cnop
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium; Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
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Ramenzoni LL, Zuellig RA, Hussain A, Lehmann R, Heumann C, Attin T, Schmidlin PR. Bacterial supernatants elevate glucose-dependent insulin secretion in rat pancreatic INS-1 line and islet β-cells via PI3K/AKT signaling. Mol Cell Biochem 2018; 452:17-27. [PMID: 30039349 PMCID: PMC6373304 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-018-3408-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes and periodontitis are considered associated chronic diseases, and hyperinsulinemia in prediabetes has been shown to be present in normoglycemic animals with periodontitis. As periodontal bacterial species are significant sources of endotoxemia and may directly stimulate insulin secretion, we hypothesized that increased bacterial virulence may exert an adverse effect on rat pancreatic β-cell function via PI3K/AKT signaling. INS-1 cells and isolated pancreatic islets were cultured separately with the following supernatants: Streptococcus anginosus, Streptococcus mutans, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Prevotella intermedia, Porphyromonas gingivalis (P.g), and Treponema denticola (T.d). Supernatants were purified from single bacterial cultures and prepared at different dilutions (100 pg/ml, 50 ng/ml, 200 ng/ml, and 500 ng/ml) to challenge INS-1 and islets. Gene expression (IL-1β, TNFα, IL-6, TLR2, TLR4, Ins1, and Ins2) and insulin secretion were measured. The results showed upregulation of gene expression up to 5.5-fold, not only as a result of the different dilutions used, but also due to bacterial virulence (p < 0.05). P.g and T.d supernatants demonstrated an increase in insulin secretion to fivefold at hypo- and hyperglycemia, yet stimulation from hypo- to hyperglycemia stays in the same ratio. Activation of TLR4/PI3K/AKT signaling by supernatants in INS-1 cells resulted in increased IL-1β, TNFα, IL-6 gene expression levels, and AKT phosphorylation, which were abolished by TLR4 and PI3K/AKT signaling inhibitor. We demonstrated that bacterial supernatants derived from gram-negative species increasingly stimulate insulin secretion in β-cells and TLR4 may promote inflammation by activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway to induce pro-inflammatory molecules. Bacterial species, depending on their virulence, appear to play a role in the relationship between periodontitis and prediabetes by promoting insulin resistance and β-cell compensatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liza L Ramenzoni
- Clinic of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Richard A Zuellig
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Abbas Hussain
- Clinic of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roger Lehmann
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christian Heumann
- Department for Statistics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Theresienstrasse 39/I, 80333, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Attin
- Clinic of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Patrick R Schmidlin
- Clinic of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland.
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50
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Janssen AWF, Katiraei S, Bartosinska B, Eberhard D, Willems van Dijk K, Kersten S. Loss of angiopoietin-like 4 (ANGPTL4) in mice with diet-induced obesity uncouples visceral obesity from glucose intolerance partly via the gut microbiota. Diabetologia 2018; 61:1447-1458. [PMID: 29502266 PMCID: PMC6449003 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-018-4583-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Angiopoietin-like 4 (ANGPTL4) is an important regulator of triacylglycerol metabolism, carrying out this role by inhibiting the enzymes lipoprotein lipase and pancreatic lipase. ANGPTL4 is a potential target for ameliorating cardiometabolic diseases. Although ANGPTL4 has been implicated in obesity, the study of the direct role of ANGPTL4 in diet-induced obesity and related metabolic dysfunction is hampered by the massive acute-phase response and development of lethal chylous ascites and peritonitis in Angptl4-/- mice fed a standard high-fat diet. The aim of this study was to better characterise the role of ANGPTL4 in glucose homeostasis and metabolic dysfunction during obesity. METHODS We chronically fed wild-type (WT) and Angptl4-/- mice a diet rich in unsaturated fatty acids and cholesterol, combined with fructose in drinking water, and studied metabolic function. The role of the gut microbiota was investigated by orally administering a mixture of antibiotics (ampicillin, neomycin, metronidazole). Glucose homeostasis was assessed via i.p. glucose and insulin tolerance tests. RESULTS Mice lacking ANGPTL4 displayed an increase in body weight gain, visceral adipose tissue mass, visceral adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase activity and visceral adipose tissue inflammation compared with WT mice. However, they also unexpectedly had markedly improved glucose tolerance, which was accompanied by elevated insulin levels. Loss of ANGPTL4 did not affect glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in isolated pancreatic islets. Since the gut microbiota have been suggested to influence insulin secretion, and because ANGPTL4 has been proposed to link the gut microbiota to host metabolism, we hypothesised a potential role of the gut microbiota. Gut microbiota composition was significantly different between Angptl4-/- mice and WT mice. Interestingly, suppression of the gut microbiota using antibiotics largely abolished the differences in glucose tolerance and insulin levels between WT and Angptl4-/- mice. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Despite increasing visceral fat mass, inactivation of ANGPTL4 improves glucose tolerance, at least partly via a gut microbiota-dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aafke W F Janssen
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Saeed Katiraei
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Barbara Bartosinska
- Institute of Metabolic Physiology, Department of Biology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute for Beta Cell Biology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Eberhard
- Institute of Metabolic Physiology, Department of Biology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute for Beta Cell Biology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ko Willems van Dijk
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Sander Kersten
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
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