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Dudbridge F. Commentary: Tobacco consumption and body weight: Mendelian randomization across a range of exposure. Int J Epidemiol 2018; 45:e1-e3. [PMID: 25817168 PMCID: PMC5841830 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyv033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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Sun Y, Li J, Zheng C, Zhou B. Study on polymorphisms in CHRNA5/CHRNA3/CHRNB4 gene cluster and the associated with the risk of non-small cell lung cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 9:2435-2444. [PMID: 29416783 PMCID: PMC5788651 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
CHRNA5/CHRNA3/CHRNB4 gene cluster is located on chromosome 15q25.1 and was reported to be associated with risk of lung cancer. So far, the effect of three single nucleotide polymorphisms rs6495309, rs8040868, rs1948 in this gene cluster was unclear about lung cancer risk. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the associations of rs6495309, rs8040868, rs1948 polymorphism, smoking exposure and the interaction with non-small cell lung cancer risk in Chinese population. In this hospital-based case-control study, 306 lung cancer patients and 306 cancer-free controls were interviewed to collect demographic data and exposure status of smoking, and then donate 2ml venous blood which was used to be genotyped by Taqman allelic discrimination method. Our study found that subjects carrying rs1948 CT genotype stated to be a risk factor in Chinese Han population (adjusted OR = 1.594, 95% CI = 1.066-2.383, P = 0.023) and in non-smoking population (adjusted OR = 1.896, 95%CI = 1.069-3.362, P = 0.029). rs8040868 CC genotype indicated a higher risk for lung cancer in non-smokers in a recessive model (adjusted OR = 2.496, 95%CI = 1.044-5.965, P = 0.040) and in age-based stratified analysis (age <= 60, adjusted OR = 4.213, 95%CI = 1.062-16.708, P = 0.041). All smoking interaction were positive in the multiplicative interaction of the SNPs and smoking status (-/+) compared with recessive model. Overall, these finding suggested that rs1948(C > T) and rs8040868(T > C) could be meaningful as genetic markers for lung cancer risk in Chinese Han population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiting Sun
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- First Clinical College, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jiaye Li
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- First Clinical College, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Department of Education, Liaoning, China
| | - Baosen Zhou
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Department of Education, Liaoning, China
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Skaaby T, Taylor AE, Jacobsen RK, Paternoster L, Thuesen BH, Ahluwalia TS, Larsen SC, Zhou A, Wong A, Gabrielsen ME, Bjørngaard JH, Flexeder C, Männistö S, Hardy R, Kuh D, Barry SJ, Tang Møllehave L, Cerqueira C, Friedrich N, Bonten TN, Noordam R, Mook-Kanamori DO, Taube C, Jessen LE, McConnachie A, Sattar N, Upton MN, McSharry C, Bønnelykke K, Bisgaard H, Schulz H, Strauch K, Meitinger T, Peters A, Grallert H, Nohr EA, Kivimaki M, Kumari M, Völker U, Nauck M, Völzke H, Power C, Hyppönen E, Hansen T, Jørgensen T, Pedersen O, Salomaa V, Grarup N, Langhammer A, Romundstad PR, Skorpen F, Kaprio J, R Munafò M, Linneberg A. Investigating the causal effect of smoking on hay fever and asthma: a Mendelian randomization meta-analysis in the CARTA consortium. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2224. [PMID: 28533558 PMCID: PMC5440386 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01977-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Observational studies on smoking and risk of hay fever and asthma have shown inconsistent results. However, observational studies may be biased by confounding and reverse causation. Mendelian randomization uses genetic variants as markers of exposures to examine causal effects. We examined the causal effect of smoking on hay fever and asthma by using the smoking-associated single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs16969968/rs1051730. We included 231,020 participants from 22 population-based studies. Observational analyses showed that current vs never smokers had lower risk of hay fever (odds ratio (OR) = 0·68, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0·61, 0·76; P < 0·001) and allergic sensitization (OR = 0·74, 95% CI: 0·64, 0·86; P < 0·001), but similar asthma risk (OR = 1·00, 95% CI: 0·91, 1·09; P = 0·967). Mendelian randomization analyses in current smokers showed a slightly lower risk of hay fever (OR = 0·958, 95% CI: 0·920, 0·998; P = 0·041), a lower risk of allergic sensitization (OR = 0·92, 95% CI: 0·84, 1·02; P = 0·117), but higher risk of asthma (OR = 1·06, 95% CI: 1·01, 1·11; P = 0·020) per smoking-increasing allele. Our results suggest that smoking may be causally related to a higher risk of asthma and a slightly lower risk of hay fever. However, the adverse events associated with smoking limit its clinical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tea Skaaby
- Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Centre for Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Amy E Taylor
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU) at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies, School of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Rikke K Jacobsen
- Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Centre for Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lavinia Paternoster
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU) at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Betina H Thuesen
- Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Centre for Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tarunveer S Ahluwalia
- Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood (COPSAC), Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section on Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, 2820, Denmark
| | - Sofus C Larsen
- Research unit for Dietary Studies, the Parker Institute, Frederiksberg and Bispebjerg Hospitals, The Capital Region, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Ang Zhou
- Centre for Population Health Research, School of Health Sciences and Sansom Institute of Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Andrew Wong
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, London, UK
| | - Maiken E Gabrielsen
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of laboratory medicine, children's and women's health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Johan H Bjørngaard
- Forensic Department and Research Centre Bröset St. Olav's University Hospital Trondheim, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Claudia Flexeder
- Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Satu Männistö
- Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Rebecca Hardy
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, London, UK
| | - Diana Kuh
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, London, UK
| | - Sarah J Barry
- Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Line Tang Møllehave
- Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Centre for Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Cerqueira
- Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Centre for Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nele Friedrich
- Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Centre for Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Tobias N Bonten
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Raymond Noordam
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Dennis O Mook-Kanamori
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of BESC, Epidemiology Section, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Christian Taube
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Ruhrlandklinik, West German Lung Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Leon E Jessen
- Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood (COPSAC), Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alex McConnachie
- Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Naveed Sattar
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences & Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Charles McSharry
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Klaus Bønnelykke
- Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood (COPSAC), Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hans Bisgaard
- Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood (COPSAC), Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Holger Schulz
- Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich (CPC-M), Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Munich, Germany
| | - Konstantin Strauch
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Meitinger
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK e.V.), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, München, Germany
| | - Annette Peters
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK e.V.), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, München, Germany
- Research Unit Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Harald Grallert
- Research Unit Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ellen A Nohr
- Research Unit for Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Mika Kivimaki
- Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Uwe Völker
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Matthias Nauck
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Henry Völzke
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Chris Power
- Population, Policy and Practice, University College London Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Elina Hyppönen
- Centre for Population Health Research, School of Health Sciences and Sansom Institute of Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
- Population, Policy and Practice, University College London Institute of Child Health, London, UK
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Torben Hansen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section on Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Torben Jørgensen
- Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Centre for Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Oluf Pedersen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section on Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Veikko Salomaa
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Dept. of Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Niels Grarup
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section on Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Arnulf Langhammer
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and General Practice, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norwegian, Norway
| | - Pål R Romundstad
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Frank Skorpen
- Department of laboratory medicine, children's and women's health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- University of Helsinki, Dept. of Public Health, Helsinki, Finland
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Dept. of Health, Helsinki, Finland
- University of Helsinki, Institute for Molecular Medicine, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marcus R Munafò
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU) at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies, School of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Allan Linneberg
- Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Centre for Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Barrie ES, Hartmann K, Lee SH, Frater JT, Seweryn M, Wang D, Sadee W. The CHRNA5/CHRNA3/CHRNB4 Nicotinic Receptor Regulome: Genomic Architecture, Regulatory Variants, and Clinical Associations. Hum Mutat 2017; 38:112-119. [PMID: 27758088 PMCID: PMC5154896 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Functionally related genes often cluster into a genome region under coordinated regulation, forming a local regulome. To understand regulation of the CHRNA5/CHRNA3/CHRNB4 nicotinic receptor gene cluster, we integrate large-scale RNA expression data (brain and peripheral) from GTEx (Genotype Tissue Expression), clinical associations (GRASP), and linkage disequilibrium data (1000 Genomes) to find candidate SNPs representing independent regulatory variants. CHRNA3, CHRNA5, CHRNB4 mRNAs, and a well-expressed CHRNA5 antisense RNA (RP11-650L12.2) are co-expressed in many human tissues, suggesting common regulatory elements. The CHRNA5 enhancer haplotype tagged by rs880395 not only increases CHRNA5 mRNA expression in all tissues, but also enhances RP11-650L12.2 and CHRNA3 expression, suggesting DNA looping to multiple promoters. However, in nucleus accumbens and putamen, but not other brain regions, CHRNA3 expression associates uniquely with a haplotype tagged by rs1948 (located in the CHRNB4 3'UTR). Haplotype/diplotype analysis of rs880395 and rs1948 plus rs16969968 (a nonsynonymous CHRNA5 risk variant) in GWAS (COGEND, UW-TTURC, SAGE) yields a nicotine dependence risk profile only partially captured by rs16969968 alone. An example of local gene clusters, this nicotinic regulome is controlled by complex genetic variation, with broad implications for interpreting GWAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth S. Barrie
- Center for Pharmacogenomics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH
| | - Katherine Hartmann
- Center for Pharmacogenomics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Sung-Ha Lee
- Center for Pharmacogenomics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - John T. Frater
- Center for Pharmacogenomics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | | | - Danxin Wang
- Center for Pharmacogenomics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Wolfgang Sadee
- Center for Pharmacogenomics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
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Linneberg A, Jacobsen RK, Skaaby T, Taylor AE, Fluharty ME, Jeppesen JL, Bjorngaard JH, Åsvold BO, Gabrielsen ME, Campbell A, Marioni RE, Kumari M, Marques-Vidal P, Kaakinen M, Cavadino A, Postmus I, Ahluwalia TS, Wannamethee SG, Lahti J, Räikkönen K, Palotie A, Wong A, Dalgård C, Ford I, Ben-Shlomo Y, Christiansen L, Kyvik KO, Kuh D, Eriksson JG, Whincup PH, Mbarek H, de Geus EJC, Vink JM, Boomsma DI, Smith GD, Lawlor DA, Kisialiou A, McConnachie A, Padmanabhan S, Jukema JW, Power C, Hyppönen E, Preisig M, Waeber G, Vollenweider P, Korhonen T, Laatikainen T, Salomaa V, Kaprio J, Kivimaki M, Smith BH, Hayward C, Sørensen TIA, Thuesen BH, Sattar N, Morris RW, Romundstad PR, Munafò MR, Jarvelin MR, Husemoen LLN. Effect of Smoking on Blood Pressure and Resting Heart Rate: A Mendelian Randomization Meta-Analysis in the CARTA Consortium. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 8:832-41. [PMID: 26538566 DOI: 10.1161/circgenetics.115.001225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smoking is an important cardiovascular disease risk factor, but the mechanisms linking smoking to blood pressure are poorly understood. METHODS AND RESULTS Data on 141 317 participants (62 666 never, 40 669 former, 37 982 current smokers) from 23 population-based studies were included in observational and Mendelian randomization meta-analyses of the associations of smoking status and smoking heaviness with systolic and diastolic blood pressure, hypertension, and resting heart rate. For the Mendelian randomization analyses, a genetic variant rs16969968/rs1051730 was used as a proxy for smoking heaviness in current smokers. In observational analyses, current as compared with never smoking was associated with lower systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure and lower hypertension risk, but with higher resting heart rate. In observational analyses among current smokers, 1 cigarette/day higher level of smoking heaviness was associated with higher (0.21 bpm; 95% confidence interval 0.19; 0.24) resting heart rate and slightly higher diastolic blood pressure (0.05 mm Hg; 95% confidence interval 0.02; 0.08) and systolic blood pressure (0.08 mm Hg; 95% confidence interval 0.03; 0.13). However, in Mendelian randomization analyses among current smokers, although each smoking increasing allele of rs16969968/rs1051730 was associated with higher resting heart rate (0.36 bpm/allele; 95% confidence interval 0.18; 0.54), there was no strong association with diastolic blood pressure, systolic blood pressure, or hypertension. This would suggest a 7 bpm higher heart rate in those who smoke 20 cigarettes/day. CONCLUSIONS This Mendelian randomization meta-analysis supports a causal association of smoking heaviness with higher level of resting heart rate, but not with blood pressure. These findings suggest that part of the cardiovascular risk of smoking may operate through increasing resting heart rate.
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Wu XY, Zhou SY, Niu ZZ, Liu T, Xie CB, Chen WQ. CHRNA3 rs6495308 genotype as an effect modifier of the association between daily cigarette consumption and hypertension in Chinese male smokers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2015; 12:4156-69. [PMID: 25874685 PMCID: PMC4410239 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph120404156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Revised: 04/05/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is an important risk factor for hypertension. However, the effects on hypertension of the interaction between smoking and the genotype of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor gene are unclear. The purpose of this study is to determine whether the CHRNA3 rs6495308 genotype affects the association between daily cigarette consumption and hypertension. We recruited 947 male smokers in southern China and used a questionnaire administered in face to face interviews to obtain information on their socio-demographic characteristics and smoking behavior. Blood samples were collected to test for CHRNA3 rs6495308 genotype variations. Three blood-pressure measurements were taken for each participant, and the average values recorded. We found that, compared with light smoking (<15 cigarettes per day), heavy smoking (≥15 cigarettes per day) yielded a greater risk of hypertension. We also observed that the interaction between daily cigarette consumption and the CHRNA3 rs6495308 genotype may affect hypertension. Heavy smokers with the homozygous mutant CHRNA3 rs6495308 genotype exhibited a significantly greater risk of hypertension than light smokers with wild-type CHRNA3 rs6495308 genotypes. The positive interaction between heavy smoking and the homozygous mutant CHRNA3 rs6495308 genotype was found to affect the likelihood of hypertension in Chinese male smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ying Wu
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China.
| | - Shan-Yu Zhou
- Guangdong Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, China.
| | - Zhong-Zheng Niu
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China.
| | - Tao Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, China.
| | - Chuan-Bo Xie
- Division of Behavioral Medicine, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, NY 14228, USA.
| | - Wei-Qing Chen
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China.
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Winsløw UC, Rode L, Nordestgaard BG. High tobacco consumption lowers body weight: a Mendelian randomization study of the Copenhagen General Population Study. Int J Epidemiol 2015; 44:540-50. [PMID: 25777141 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyu276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Conflicting evidence has been found regarding the association between high tobacco consumption and body weight among smokers. We tested the hypothesis that high tobacco consumption is causally associated with low body weight. METHODS We conducted a Mendelian randomization study with a genetic variant in CHRNA3 (rs1051730) as proxy for high tobacco consumption. The cohort consisted of 80,342 participants from the Copenhagen General Population Study, with details on body weight, smoking habits and CHRNA3 genotype, including 15,220 current smokers. RESULTS In observational analyses, high tobacco consumption was associated with high body weight, body mass index, waist circumference, hip circumference and waist-hip ratio. In multivariable adjusted models a 1-cigarette/day higher tobacco consumption was associated with 0.05 kg (95% confidence interval 0.02; 0.08) higher body weight, 0.02 kg/m(2) (0.01; 0.02) higher body mass index, 0.10 cm (0.07; 0.12) higher waist circumference and 0.02 cm (0.001; 0.03) higher hip circumference. In contrast, the per-allele increase inCHRNA3 rs1051730 associated with high tobacco consumption was associated with 0.59 kg (0.96; 0.22) lower body weight, 0.23 kg/m(2) (0.33; 0.13) lower body mass index, 0.32 cm (0.74; 0.003) lower waist circumference and 0.45 cm (0.66; 0.24) lower hip circumference. No association was found between tobacco consumption and waist-hip ratio in genetic analysis, or among CHRNA3 genotype and any of the outcome variables in former or never smokers. CONCLUSIONS High tobacco consumption causes lower body weight among current smokers. However, smoking does not seem to affect body shape or fat distribution causally. The lack of association between CHRNA3 genotype and body weight among former smokers and never smokers favours smoking as the causal factor for the observed associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrik C Winsløw
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and the Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark and Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark Department of Clinical Biochemistry and the Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark and Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Line Rode
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and the Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark and Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Børge G Nordestgaard
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and the Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark and Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark Department of Clinical Biochemistry and the Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark and Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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8
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Åsvold BO, Bjørngaard JH, Carslake D, Gabrielsen ME, Skorpen F, Smith GD, Romundstad PR. Causal associations of tobacco smoking with cardiovascular risk factors: a Mendelian randomization analysis of the HUNT Study in Norway. Int J Epidemiol 2014; 43:1458-70. [PMID: 24867305 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyu113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tobacco smoking has been associated with cardiovascular risk factors including adverse serum lipid levels, central obesity and higher resting heart rate, but lower blood pressure and body mass index (BMI). We used a Mendelian randomization approach to study whether these associations may be causal. If smoking affects cardiovascular risk factors then rs1051730 T alleles, predictors of increased smoking quantity, should be associated with cardiovascular risk factors among smokers, but not among never smokers. METHODS Among 56,625 participants of a population-based study, we estimated associations of rs1051730 T alleles with cardiovascular risk factors and examined whether the associations differed by smoking status. RESULTS Rs1051730 T alleles were associated with lower BMI and waist and hip circumferences and higher resting heart rate and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and the associations were strongest among current smokers (P interaction 5×10(-9) to 0.01). Rs1051730 T alleles were associated with lower systolic blood pressure and pulse pressure and higher HDL cholesterol concentrations, but these associations did not robustly differ by smoking status. There were no convincing associations of rs1051730 T alleles with waist-hip ratio, diastolic blood pressure and non-fasting serum concentrations of non-HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose and C-reactive protein. CONCLUSIONS This Mendelian randomization analysis provides evidence that smoking may cause lower BMI and waist and hip circumferences and higher resting heart rate and eGFR. The findings further suggest that smoking is not a major determinant of waist-hip ratio or adverse blood pressure, serum lipid or glucose levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bjørn O Åsvold
- Department of Public Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway, Department of Endocrinology, St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway, MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children's and Women's Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway Department of Public Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway, Department of Endocrinology, St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway, MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children's and Women's Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Johan H Bjørngaard
- Department of Public Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway, Department of Endocrinology, St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway, MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children's and Women's Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - David Carslake
- Department of Public Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway, Department of Endocrinology, St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway, MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children's and Women's Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Maiken E Gabrielsen
- Department of Public Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway, Department of Endocrinology, St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway, MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children's and Women's Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Frank Skorpen
- Department of Public Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway, Department of Endocrinology, St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway, MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children's and Women's Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - George Davey Smith
- Department of Public Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway, Department of Endocrinology, St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway, MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children's and Women's Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Pål R Romundstad
- Department of Public Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway, Department of Endocrinology, St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway, MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children's and Women's Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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