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Pușcașu C, Zanfirescu A, Negreș S, Șeremet OC. Exploring the Multifaceted Potential of Sildenafil in Medicine. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:2190. [PMID: 38138293 PMCID: PMC10744870 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59122190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) is pivotal in cellular signalling, regulating cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) levels crucial for smooth muscle relaxation and vasodilation. By targeting cGMP for degradation, PDE5 inhibits sustained vasodilation. PDE5 operates in diverse anatomical regions, with its upregulation linked to various pathologies, including cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. Sildenafil, a selective PDE5 inhibitor, is prescribed for erectile dysfunction and pulmonary arterial hypertension. However, considering the extensive roles of PDE5, sildenafil might be useful in other pathologies. This review aims to comprehensively explore sildenafil's therapeutic potential across medicine, addressing a gap in the current literature. Recognising sildenafil's broader potential may unveil new treatment avenues, optimising existing approaches and broadening its clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anca Zanfirescu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Traian Vuia 6, 020956 Bucharest, Romania; (C.P.); (S.N.); (O.C.Ș.)
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2
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Kalyani P, Lippa SM, Werner JK, Amyot F, Moore CB, Kenney K, Diaz-Arrastia R. Phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5) Inhibitors as Therapy for Cerebrovascular Dysfunction in Chronic Traumatic Brain Injury. Neurotherapeutics 2023; 20:1629-1640. [PMID: 37697134 PMCID: PMC10684467 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-023-01430-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple phase III randomized controlled trials (RCTs) for pharmacologic interventions in traumatic brain injury (TBI) have failed despite promising results in experimental models. The heterogeneity of TBI, in terms of pathomechanisms and impacted brain structures, likely contributes to these failures. Biomarkers have been recommended to identify patients with relevant pathology (predictive biomarkers) and confirm target engagement and monitor therapy response (pharmacodynamic biomarkers). Our group focuses on traumatic cerebrovascular injury as an understudied endophenotype of TBI and is validating a predictive and pharmacodynamic imaging biomarker (cerebrovascular reactivity; CVR) in moderate-severe TBI. We aim to extend these studies to milder forms of TBI to determine the optimal dose of sildenafil for maximal improvement in CVR. We will conduct a phase II dose-finding study involving 160 chronic TBI patients (mostly mild) using three doses of sildenafil, a phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5) inhibitor. The study measures baseline CVR and evaluates the effect of escalating sildenafil doses on CVR improvement. A 4-week trial of thrice daily sildenafil will assess safety, tolerability, and clinical efficacy. This dual-site 4-year study, funded by the Department of Defense and registered in ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05782244), plans to launch in June 2023. Biomarker-informed RCTs are essential for developing effective TBI interventions, relying on an understanding of underlying pathomechanisms. Traumatic microvascular injury (TMVI) is an attractive mechanism which can be targeted by vaso-active drugs such as PDE-5 inhibitors. CVR is a potential predictive and pharmacodynamic biomarker for targeted interventions aimed at TMVI. (Trial registration: NCT05782244, ClinicalTrials.gov ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Kalyani
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce St, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Sara M Lippa
- Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, The National Intrepid Center of Excellence, Palmer Rd S, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Uniformed Services University Health Sciences, 4301, Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - J Kent Werner
- Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, The National Intrepid Center of Excellence, Palmer Rd S, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Uniformed Services University Health Sciences, 4301, Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Franck Amyot
- Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, The National Intrepid Center of Excellence, Palmer Rd S, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Carol B Moore
- Department of Neuroscience, Uniformed Services University Health Sciences, 4301, Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Kimbra Kenney
- Department of Neuroscience, Uniformed Services University Health Sciences, 4301, Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Ramon Diaz-Arrastia
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce St, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
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Zhang Q, Zeng Y, Zheng S, Chen L, Liu H, Chen H, Zhang X, Zou J, Zheng X, Wan Y, Huang G, Zeng Q. Research hotspots and frotiers of stem cells in stroke: A bibliometric analysis from 2004 to 2022. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1111815. [PMID: 36937837 PMCID: PMC10020355 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1111815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Stroke is one of the leading causes of mortality and permanent disability worldwide. However, the current stroke treatment has a limited effect. Therefore, a new treatment is urgently needed. Stem cell therapy is a cutting-edge treatment for stroke patients. This study aimed to gain better understanding of global stem cell trends in stroke via a bibliometric analysis. Methods: We used the Web of Science Core Collection to search pertinent articles about stem cells in stroke published between 2004 and 2022. Analysis was conducted using CiteSpace, VOSviewer, and the R package "bibliometrix" to identify publication outputs, countries/regions, institutions, authors/co-cited authors, journals/co-cited journals, co-cited references, and keywords. Results: A total of 6,703 publications were included in the bibliometric analysis. The total number of citations significantly and rapidly increased between 2004 and 2022, with the most pronounced growth pattern observed in the period of 2008-2009. In terms of authoritarian countries, the USA had the most publications among the countries. As for institutions and authors, the most prolific institution was the University of South Florida, followed by Oakland University and then Shanghai Jiao Tong University, and Chopp, M. and Borlongan, Cesario V, had the most output among the authors. Regarding the journals, Cell Transplantation had the highest publication, followed by Brain Research. As for references, "Mesenchymal stem cells as trophic mediators" was the most frequently cited (2,082), and the article entitled Neuronal replacement from endogenous precursors in the adult brain after stroke had the strongest burstiness (strength = 81.35). Emerging hot words in the past decade included "adhesion molecule," "mesenchymal stromal cell," "extracellular vesicle," "pluripotent stem cells," "signaling pathway," "plasticity," and "exosomes." Conclusion: Between 2004 and 2022, the terms "neurogenesis," "angiogenesis," "mesenchymal stem cells," "extracellular vesicle," "exosomes," "inflammation," and "oxidative stress" have emerged as the hot research areas for research on stem cells in stroke. Although stem cells exert a number of positive effects, the main mechanisms for mitigating the damage caused by stroke are still unknown. Clinical challenges may include complicating factors that can affect the efficacy of stem cell therapy, which are worth a deep exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuting Zeng
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuqi Zheng
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haining Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jihua Zou
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zheng
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yantong Wan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Qing Zeng, ; Guozhi Huang, ; Yantong Wan,
| | - Guozhi Huang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Qing Zeng, ; Guozhi Huang, ; Yantong Wan,
| | - Qing Zeng
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Qing Zeng, ; Guozhi Huang, ; Yantong Wan,
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Drugs and Endogenous Factors as Protagonists in Neurogenic Stimulation. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2022; 18:2852-2871. [PMID: 35962176 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-022-10423-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Neurogenesis is a biological process characterized by new neurons formation from stem cells. For decades, it was believed that neurons only multiplied during development and in the postnatal period but the discovery of neural stem cells (NSCs) in mature brain promoted a revolution in neuroscience field. In mammals, neurogenesis consists of migration, differentiation, maturation, as well as functional integration of newborn cells into the pre-existing neuronal circuit. Actually, NSC density drops significantly after the first stages of development, however in specific places in the brain, called neurogenic niches, some of these cells retain their ability to generate new neurons and glial cells in adulthood. The subgranular (SGZ), and the subventricular zones (SVZ) are examples of regions where the neurogenesis process occurs in the mature brain. There, the potential of NSCs to produce new neurons has been explored by new advanced methodologies and in neuroscience for the treatment of brain damage and/or degeneration. Based on that, this review highlights endogenous factors and drugs capable of stimulating neurogenesis, as well as the perspectives for the use of NSCs for neurological and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Xiong Y, Wintermark P. The Role of Sildenafil in Treating Brain Injuries in Adults and Neonates. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:879649. [PMID: 35620219 PMCID: PMC9127063 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.879649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Sildenafil is a recognized treatment for patients suffering from erectile dysfunction and pulmonary hypertension. However, new evidence suggests that it may have a neuroprotective and a neurorestorative role in the central nervous system of both adults and neonates. Phosphodiesterase type 5-the target of sildenafil-is distributed in many cells throughout the body, including neurons and glial cells. This study is a comprehensive review of the demonstrated effects of sildenafil on the brain with respect to its function, extent of injury, neurons, neuroinflammation, myelination, and cerebral vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xiong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Pia Wintermark
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Montreal Children’s Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Zhou M, Li R, Venkat P, Qian Y, Chopp M, Zacharek A, Landschoot-Ward J, Powell B, Jiang Q, Cui X. Post-Stroke Administration of L-4F Promotes Neurovascular and White Matter Remodeling in Type-2 Diabetic Stroke Mice. Front Neurol 2022; 13:863934. [PMID: 35572941 PMCID: PMC9100936 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.863934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) exhibit a distinct and high risk of ischemic stroke with worse post-stroke neurovascular and white matter (WM) prognosis than the non-diabetic population. In the central nervous system, the ATP-binding cassette transporter member A 1 (ABCA1), a reverse cholesterol transporter that efflux cellular cholesterol, plays an important role in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) biogenesis and in maintaining neurovascular stability and WM integrity. Our previous study shows that L-4F, an economical apolipoprotein A member I (ApoA-I) mimetic peptide, has neuroprotective effects via alleviating neurovascular and WM impairments in the brain of db/db-T2DM stroke mice. To further investigate whether L-4F has neurorestorative benefits in the ischemic brain after stroke in T2DM and elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms, we subjected middle-aged, brain-ABCA1 deficient (ABCA1-B/-B), and ABCA1-floxed (ABCA1fl/fl) T2DM control mice to distal middle cerebral artery occlusion. L-4F (16 mg/kg, subcutaneous) treatment was initiated 24 h after stroke and administered once daily for 21 days. Treatment of T2DM-stroke with L-4F improved neurological functional outcome, and decreased hemorrhage, mortality, and BBB leakage identified by decreased albumin infiltration and increased tight-junction and astrocyte end-feet densities, increased cerebral arteriole diameter and smooth muscle cell number, and increased WM density and oligodendrogenesis in the ischemic brain in both ABCA1-B/-B and ABCA1fl/fl T2DM-stroke mice compared with vehicle-control mice, respectively (p < 0.05, n = 9 or 21/group). The L-4F treatment reduced macrophage infiltration and neuroinflammation identified by decreases in ED-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) expression, and increases in anti-inflammatory factor Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and its receptor IGF-1 receptor β (IGF-1Rβ) in the ischemic brain (p < 0.05, n = 6/group). These results suggest that post-stroke administration of L-4F may provide a restorative strategy for T2DM-stroke by promoting neurovascular and WM remodeling. Reducing neuroinflammation in the injured brain may contribute at least partially to the restorative effects of L-4F independent of the ABCA1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Rongwen Li
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Poornima Venkat
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Yu Qian
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Michael Chopp
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States
- Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, United States
| | - Alex Zacharek
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States
| | | | - Brianna Powell
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Quan Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States
- Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, United States
| | - Xu Cui
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States
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Lee H, Kang SW, Jeong H, Kwon JT, Kim YO, Kim HJ. Alteration in Cngb1 Expression upon Maternal Immune Activation in a Mouse Model and Its Possible Association with Schizophrenia Susceptibility. CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE 2021; 19:618-627. [PMID: 34690117 PMCID: PMC8553526 DOI: 10.9758/cpn.2021.19.4.618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Objective The cyclic nucleotide-gated channel (Cng) regulates synaptic efficacy in brain neurons by modulating Ca2+ levels in response to changes in cyclic nucleotide concentrations. This study investigated whether the expression of Cng channel, cyclic nucleotide-gated channel subunit beta 1 (Cngb1) exhibited any relationship with the pathophysiology of schizophrenia in an animal model and whether genetic polymorphisms of the human gene were associated with the progression of schizophrenia in a Korean population. Methods We investigated whether Cngb1 expression was related to psychiatric disorders in a mouse model of schizophrenia induced by maternal immune activation. A case-control study was conducted of 275 schizophrenia patients and 410 controls with single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the 5′-near region of CNGB1. Results Cngb1 expression was decreased in the prefrontal cortex in the mouse model. Furthermore, the genotype frequency of a SNP (rs3756314) of CNGB1 was associated with the risk of schizophrenia. Conclusion Our results suggest that CNGB1 might be associated with schizophrenia susceptibility and maternal immune activation. Consequently, it is hypothesized that CNGB1 may be involved in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwayoung Lee
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Sung Wook Kang
- Cardiovascular Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Hyeonjung Jeong
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Jun-Tack Kwon
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Young Ock Kim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Hak-Jae Kim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
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Yazdani A, Howidi B, Shi MZ, Tugarinov N, Khoja Z, Wintermark P. Sildenafil improves hippocampal brain injuries and restores neuronal development after neonatal hypoxia-ischemia in male rat pups. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22046. [PMID: 34764335 PMCID: PMC8586032 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01097-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The hippocampus is a fundamental structure of the brain that plays an important role in neurodevelopment and is very sensitive to hypoxia-ischemia (HI). The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of sildenafil on neonatal hippocampal brain injuries resulting from HI, and on neuronal development in this context. HI was induced in male Long-Evans rat pups at postnatal day 10 (P10) by a left common carotid ligation followed by a 2-h exposure to 8% oxygen. Rat pups were randomized to vehicle or sildenafil given orally twice daily for 7 days starting 12 h after HI. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was performed at P30 to measure the surface of the hippocampus; immunohistochemistry was performed to stain neurons, oligodendrocytes, and glial cells in the hippocampus. Western blots of the hippocampus were performed at P12, P17, and P30 to study the expression of neuronal markers and mTOR pathway. HI caused significant hippocampal atrophy and a significant reduction of the number of mature neurons, and induced reactive astrocytosis and microgliosis in the hippocampus. HI increased apoptosis and caused significant dysregulation of the normal neuronal development program. Treatment with sildenafil preserved the gross morphology of the hippocampus, reverted the number of mature neurons to levels comparable to sham rats, significantly increased both the immature and mature oligodendrocytes, and significantly reduced the number of microglia and astrocytes. Sildenafil also decreased apoptosis and reestablished the normal progression of post-natal neuronal development. The PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, whose activity was decreased after HI in the hippocampus, and restored after sildenafil treatment, may be involved. Sildenafil may have both neuroprotective and neurorestorative properties in the neonatal hippocampus following HI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armin Yazdani
- grid.63984.300000 0000 9064 4811Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Belal Howidi
- grid.63984.300000 0000 9064 4811Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Meng Zhu Shi
- grid.63984.300000 0000 9064 4811Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Nicol Tugarinov
- grid.63984.300000 0000 9064 4811Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Zehra Khoja
- grid.63984.300000 0000 9064 4811Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Pia Wintermark
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada. .,Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Montreal Children's Hospital, 1001 boul. Décarie, Site Glen Block E, EM0.3244, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada.
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Alia C, Cangi D, Massa V, Salluzzo M, Vignozzi L, Caleo M, Spalletti C. Cell-to-Cell Interactions Mediating Functional Recovery after Stroke. Cells 2021; 10:3050. [PMID: 34831273 PMCID: PMC8623942 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic damage in brain tissue triggers a cascade of molecular and structural plastic changes, thus influencing a wide range of cell-to-cell interactions. Understanding and manipulating this scenario of intercellular connections is the Holy Grail for post-stroke neurorehabilitation. Here, we discuss the main findings in the literature related to post-stroke alterations in cell-to-cell interactions, which may be either detrimental or supportive for functional recovery. We consider both neural and non-neural cells, starting from astrocytes and reactive astrogliosis and moving to the roles of the oligodendrocytes in the support of vulnerable neurons and sprouting inhibition. We discuss the controversial role of microglia in neural inflammation after injury and we conclude with the description of post-stroke alterations in pyramidal and GABAergic cells interactions. For all of these sections, we review not only the spontaneous evolution in cellular interactions after ischemic injury, but also the experimental strategies which have targeted these interactions and that are inspiring novel therapeutic strategies for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Alia
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council (CNR), Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (V.M.); (M.S.); (M.C.); (C.S.)
| | - Daniele Cangi
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drugs and Child Health Area, School of Psychology, University of Florence, 50121 Florence, Italy;
| | - Verediana Massa
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council (CNR), Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (V.M.); (M.S.); (M.C.); (C.S.)
| | - Marco Salluzzo
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council (CNR), Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (V.M.); (M.S.); (M.C.); (C.S.)
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drugs and Child Health Area, School of Psychology, University of Florence, 50121 Florence, Italy;
| | - Livia Vignozzi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35121 Padua, Italy;
| | - Matteo Caleo
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council (CNR), Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (V.M.); (M.S.); (M.C.); (C.S.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35121 Padua, Italy;
| | - Cristina Spalletti
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council (CNR), Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (V.M.); (M.S.); (M.C.); (C.S.)
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Zinni M, Pansiot J, Léger PL, El Kamouh M, Baud O. Sildenafil-Mediated Neuroprotection from Adult to Neonatal Brain Injury: Evidence, Mechanisms, and Future Translation. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102766. [PMID: 34685745 PMCID: PMC8534574 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral stroke, traumatic brain injury, and hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy are among the most frequently occurring brain injuries. A complex pathogenesis, characterized by a synergistic interaction between alterations of the cerebrovascular system, cell death, and inflammation, is at the basis of the brain damage that leads to behavioral and neurodevelopmental disabilities in affected subjects. Sildenafil is a selective inhibitor of the enzyme phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) that is able to cross the blood-brain barrier. Preclinical data suggest that sildenafil may be a good candidate for the prevention or repair of brain injury in both adults and neonates. The aim of this review is to summarize the evidence supporting the neuroprotective action of sildenafil and discuss the possible benefits of the association of sildenafil with current therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Zinni
- Inserm UMR1141 NeuroDiderot, Université de Paris, 75019 Paris, France; (M.Z.); (J.P.); (M.E.K.)
| | - Julien Pansiot
- Inserm UMR1141 NeuroDiderot, Université de Paris, 75019 Paris, France; (M.Z.); (J.P.); (M.E.K.)
| | - Pierre-Louis Léger
- Pediatric and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Armand-Trousseau University Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne University, 75019 Paris, France;
| | - Marina El Kamouh
- Inserm UMR1141 NeuroDiderot, Université de Paris, 75019 Paris, France; (M.Z.); (J.P.); (M.E.K.)
- Laboratoire de Physiologie et Génomique des Poissons-INRAE, 35700 Rennes, France
| | - Olivier Baud
- Laboratory of Child Growth and Development, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children’s University Hospital of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +41-795-534-204
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Vasquez HE, Murlimanju BV, Shrivastava A, Durango-Espinosa YA, Joaquim AF, Garcia-Ballestas E, Moscote-Salazar LR, Agrawal A. Intracranial collateral circulation and its role in neurovascular pathology. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF NEUROSURGERY 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s41984-020-00095-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Collateral circulation is a vascular network which maintains the blood flow after the partial blockage of primary vascular pathways. This acts as potential vascular supplementary system and plays important role in the cerebral ischemia.
Main body
Collateral circulation has implications in the management especially related to cerebral endovascular treatment and thrombolytic therapy. It is considered as subsidiary network of vascular channels, which is highly variable. Insufficient arterial supply is due to the hemodynamic compromise because of thromboembolism. Apart from the collaterals, there is additional existence of a group of vessels known as venous collaterals. Their function is variable and they contribute to the augmentation of venous drainage in venous ischemias. Various pharmacological interventions are used to modulate the collaterals, these can prove to be a complementary alternative to the invasive intracerebral interventions.
Conclusions
The aim of this review article is to highlight the importance of cerebral collateral circulation and to discuss the various available pharmacological alternatives available and their current relevance in the management of various neurovascular pathologies.
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12
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Rahman AA, Amruta N, Pinteaux E, Bix GJ. Neurogenesis After Stroke: A Therapeutic Perspective. Transl Stroke Res 2021; 12:1-14. [PMID: 32862401 PMCID: PMC7803692 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-020-00841-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is a major cause of death and disability worldwide. Yet therapeutic strategies available to treat stroke are very limited. There is an urgent need to develop novel therapeutics that can effectively facilitate functional recovery. The injury that results from stroke is known to induce neurogenesis in penumbra of the infarct region. There is considerable interest in harnessing this response for therapeutic purposes. This review summarizes what is currently known about stroke-induced neurogenesis and the factors that have been identified to regulate it. Additionally, some key studies in this field have been highlighted and their implications on future of stroke therapy have been discussed. There is a complex interplay between neuroinflammation and neurogenesis that dictates stroke outcome and possibly recovery. This highlights the need for a better understanding of the neuroinflammatory process and how it affects neurogenesis, as well as the need to identify new mechanisms and potential modulators. Neuroinflammatory processes and their impact on post-stroke repair have therefore also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abir A Rahman
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, Room 1349, 131 S. Robertson, Ste 1300, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Narayanappa Amruta
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, Room 1349, 131 S. Robertson, Ste 1300, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Emmanuel Pinteaux
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, A.V. Hill Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Gregory J Bix
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, Room 1349, 131 S. Robertson, Ste 1300, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
- Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
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13
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Li L, Li R, Zacharek A, Wang F, Landschoot-Ward J, Chopp M, Chen J, Cui X. ABCA1/ApoE/HDL Signaling Pathway Facilitates Myelination and Oligodendrogenesis after Stroke. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124369. [PMID: 32575457 PMCID: PMC7352241 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) plays an important role in the regulation of apolipoprotein E (ApoE) and the biogenesis of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol in the mammalian brain. Cholesterol is a major source for myelination. Here, we investigate whether ABCA1/ApoE/HDL contribute to myelin repair and oligodendrogenesis in the ischemic brain after stroke. Specific brain ABCA1-deficient (ABCA1-B/-B) and ABCA1-floxed (ABCA1fl/fl) control mice were subjected to permanent distal middle-cerebral-artery occlusion (dMCAo) and were intracerebrally administered (1) artificial mouse cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) as vehicle control, (2) human plasma HDL3, and (3) recombined human ApoE2 starting 24 h after dMCAo for 14 days. All stroke mice were sacrificed 21 days after dMCAo. The ABCA1-B/-B–dMCAo mice exhibit significantly reduced myelination and oligodendrogenesis in the ischemic brain as well as decreased functional outcome 21 days after stroke compared with ABCA1fl/fl mice; administration of human ApoE2 or HDL3 in the ischemic brain significantly attenuates the deficits in myelination and oligodendrogenesis in ABCA1-B/-B–dMCAo mice ( p < 0.05, n = 9/group). In vitro, ABCA1-B/-B reduces ApoE expression and decreases primary oligodendrocyte progenitor cell (OPC) migration and oligodendrocyte maturation; HDL3 and ApoE2 treatment significantly reverses ABCA1-B/-B-induced reduction in OPC migration and oligodendrocyte maturation. Our data indicate that the ABCA1/ApoE/HDL signaling pathway contributes to myelination and oligodendrogenesis in the ischemic brain after stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; (L.L.); (R.L.); (A.Z.); (F.W.); (J.L.-W.); (M.C.); (J.C.)
| | - Rongwen Li
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; (L.L.); (R.L.); (A.Z.); (F.W.); (J.L.-W.); (M.C.); (J.C.)
| | - Alex Zacharek
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; (L.L.); (R.L.); (A.Z.); (F.W.); (J.L.-W.); (M.C.); (J.C.)
| | - Fengjie Wang
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; (L.L.); (R.L.); (A.Z.); (F.W.); (J.L.-W.); (M.C.); (J.C.)
| | - Julie Landschoot-Ward
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; (L.L.); (R.L.); (A.Z.); (F.W.); (J.L.-W.); (M.C.); (J.C.)
| | - Michael Chopp
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; (L.L.); (R.L.); (A.Z.); (F.W.); (J.L.-W.); (M.C.); (J.C.)
- Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309, USA
| | - Jieli Chen
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; (L.L.); (R.L.); (A.Z.); (F.W.); (J.L.-W.); (M.C.); (J.C.)
| | - Xu Cui
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; (L.L.); (R.L.); (A.Z.); (F.W.); (J.L.-W.); (M.C.); (J.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: 01-313-916-2864
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14
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Abstract
Nitric oxide/cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) signaling is compromised in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5), which degrades cGMP, is upregulated. Sildenafil inhibits PDE5 and increases cGMP levels. Integrating previous findings, we determine that most doses of sildenafil (especially low doses) likely activate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1α (PGC1α) via protein kinase G-mediated cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) response element binding protein (CREB) phosphorylation and/or Sirtuin-1 activation and PGC1α deacetylation. Via PGC1α signaling, low-dose sildenafil likely suppresses β-secretase 1 expression and amyloid-β (Aβ) generation, upregulates antioxidant enzymes, and induces mitochondrial biogenesis. Plus, sildenafil should increase brain perfusion, insulin sensitivity, long-term potentiation, and neurogenesis while suppressing neural apoptosis and inflammation. A systematic review of sildenafil in AD was undertaken. In vitro, sildenafil protected neural mitochondria from Aβ and advanced glycation end products. In transgenic AD mice, sildenafil was found to rescue deficits in CREB phosphorylation and memory, upregulate brain-derived neurotrophic factor, reduce reactive astrocytes and microglia, decrease interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α, decrease neural apoptosis, increase neurogenesis, and reduce tau hyperphosphorylation. All studies that tested Aβ levels reported significant improvements except the two that used the highest dosage, consistent with the dose-limiting effect of cGMP-induced phosphodiesterase 2 (PDE2) activation and cAMP depletion on PGC1α signaling. In AD patients, a single dose of sildenafil decreased spontaneous neural activity, increased cerebral blood flow, and increased the cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen. A randomized control trial of sildenafil (ideally with a PDE2 inhibitor) in AD patients is warranted.
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15
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Li MZ, Zhan Y, Yang L, Feng XF, Zou HY, Lei JF, Zhao T, Wang L, Zhao H. MRI Evaluation of Axonal Remodeling After Combination Treatment With Xiaoshuan Enteric-Coated Capsule and Enriched Environment in Rats After Ischemic Stroke. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1528. [PMID: 31920724 PMCID: PMC6930913 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Xiaoshuan enteric-coated capsule (XSEC) is a compound Chinese medicine widely used for the treatment of ischemic stroke. Enriched environment (EE) is a rehabilitative intervention designed to facilitate physical, cognitive, and social activity after brain injury. This study aimed to assess whether the XSEC and EE combination could provide synergistic efficacy in axonal remodeling compared to that with a single treatment after ischemic stroke using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) followed by histological analysis. Rats were subjected to permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion and treated with XSEC and EE alone or in combination for 30 days. T2-weighted imaging and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) were performed to examine the infarct volume and axonal remodeling, respectively. The co-localization of Ki67 with NG2 or CNPase was examined by immunofluorescence staining to assess oligodendrogenesis. The expressions of growth associated protein-43 (GAP-43) and growth inhibitors NogoA/Nogo receptor (NgR)/RhoA/Rho-associated kinase2 (ROCK2) were measured using western blot and qRT-PCR. The Morris water maze (MWM) was performed to evaluate the cognitive function. MRI and histological measurements indicated XSEC and EE individually benefited axonal reorganization after stroke. Notably, XSEC + EE decreased infarct volume compared with XSEC or EE monotherapy and increased ipsilateral residual volume compared with vehicle group. DTI showed XSEC + EE robustly increased fractional anisotropy while decreased axial diffusivity and radial diffusivity in the injured cortex, striatum, and external capsule. Meanwhile, diffusion tensor tractography revealed XSEC + EE elevated fiber density in the cortex and external capsule and increased fiber length in the striatum and external capsule compared with the monotherapies. These MRI measurements, confirmed by histology, showed that XSEC + EE promoted axonal restoration. Additionally, XSEC + EE amplified oligodendrogenesis, decreased the expressions of NogoA/NgR/RhoA/ROCK2, and increased the expression of GAP-43 in the peri-infarct tissues. In parallel to these findings, rats treated with XSEC + EE exhibited higher cognitive recovery than those treated with XSEC or EE monotherapy, as evidenced by MWM test. Taken together, our data implicated that XSEC + EE exerted synergistic effects on alleviating atrophy and encouraging axonal reorganization partially by promoting oligodendrogenesis and overcoming intrinsic growth-inhibitory signaling, thereby facilitating higher cognitive recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man-Zhong Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Zhan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing, China
| | - Le Yang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing, China
| | - Xue-Feng Feng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing, China
| | - Hai-Yan Zou
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Feng Lei
- Medical Imaging Laboratory of Core Facility Center, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Zhao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing, China
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16
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Pan WL, Chopp M, Fan B, Zhang R, Wang X, Hu J, Zhang XM, Zhang ZG, Liu XS. Ablation of the microRNA-17-92 cluster in neural stem cells diminishes adult hippocampal neurogenesis and cognitive function. FASEB J 2019; 33:5257-5267. [PMID: 30668139 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201801019r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Impairment of adult neurogenesis in the hippocampus causes cognitive deficits; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. microRNAs (miRNAs) regulate neural stem cell (NSC) function. With the use of a transgenic mouse line with conditional ablation of the miR-17-92 cluster in nestin lineage NSCs, we tested the hypothesis that the miR-17-92 cluster regulates adult neurogenesis and cognitive function in vivo. Compared with wild-type mice, ablation of the miR-17-92 cluster significantly reduced the number of proliferating NSCs and neuroblasts and neuronal differentiation in the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus and significantly impaired hippocampal-dependent learning and memory, as assayed by social recognition memory, novel object recognition, and Morris water-maze tests. Statistical analysis showed a highly significant correlation between newly generated neuroblasts in the DG and cognition deficits in miR-17-92 knockout (KO) mice. Western blot analysis showed that conditional KO of the miR-17-92 cluster significantly increased and reduced a cytoskeleton-associated protein, Enigma homolog 1 (ENH1), and its downstream transcription factor, inhibitor of differentiation 1 (ID1), respectively, as well as increased phosphatase and tensin homolog gene. These proteins are related to neuronal differentiation. Our study demonstrates that the miR-17-92 cluster in NSCs is critical for cognitive and behavioral function and regulates neurogenesis and that the miR-17-92 cluster may target ENH1/ID1 signaling.-Pan, W. L., Chopp, M., Fan, B., Zhang, R., Wang, X., Hu, J., Zhang, X. M., Zhang, Z. G., Liu, X. S. Ablation of the microRNA-17-92 cluster in neural stem cells diminishes adult hippocampal neurogenesis and cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Long Pan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sichuan Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China.,Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Michael Chopp
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA.,Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan, USA
| | - Baoyan Fan
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Ruilan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Xinli Wang
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Jiani Hu
- Department of Radiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Xiao Ming Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Sichuan Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Zheng Gang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Xian Shuang Liu
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA
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17
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Zhong W, Huang Q, Zeng L, Hu Z, Tang X. Caveolin-1 and MLRs: A potential target for neuronal growth and neuroplasticity after ischemic stroke. Int J Med Sci 2019; 16:1492-1503. [PMID: 31673241 PMCID: PMC6818210 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.35158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Thrombolytic therapy, the only established treatment to reduce the neurological deficits caused by ischemic stroke, is limited by time window and potential complications. Therefore, it is necessary to develop new therapeutic strategies to improve neuronal growth and neurological function following ischemic stroke. Membrane lipid rafts (MLRs) are crucial structures for neuron survival and growth signaling pathways. Caveolin-1 (Cav-1), the main scaffold protein present in MLRs, targets many neural growth proteins and promotes growth of neurons and dendrites. Targeting Cav-1 may be a promising therapeutic strategy to enhance neuroplasticity after cerebral ischemia. This review addresses the role of Cav-1 and MLRs in neuronal growth after ischemic stroke, with an emphasis on the mechanisms by which Cav-1/MLRs modulate neuroplasticity via related receptors, signaling pathways, and gene expression. We further discuss how Cav-1/MLRs may be exploited as a potential therapeutic target to restore neuroplasticity after ischemic stroke. Finally, several representative pharmacological agents known to enhance neuroplasticity are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhong
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Qianyi Huang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Liuwang Zeng
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Zhiping Hu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Xiangqi Tang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
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18
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Chang YH, Wu KC, Harn HJ, Lin SZ, Ding DC. Exosomes and Stem Cells in Degenerative Disease Diagnosis and Therapy. Cell Transplant 2018; 27:349-363. [PMID: 29692195 PMCID: PMC6038041 DOI: 10.1177/0963689717723636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke can cause death and disability, resulting in a huge burden on society. Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor dysfunction. Osteoarthritis (OA) is a progressive degenerative joint disease characterized by cartilage destruction and osteophyte formation in the joints. Stem cell therapy may provide a biological treatment alternative to traditional pharmacological therapy. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are preferred because of their differentiation ability and possible derivation from many adult tissues. In addition, the paracrine effects of MSCs play crucial anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive roles in immune cells. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are vital mediators of cell-to-cell communication. Exosomes contain various molecules such as microRNA (miRNA), which mediates biological functions through gene regulation. Therefore, exosomes carrying miRNA or other molecules can enhance the therapeutic effects of MSC transplantation. MSC-derived exosomes have been investigated in various animal models representing stroke, PD, and OA. Exosomes are a subtype of EVs. This review article focuses on the mechanism and therapeutic potential of MSC-derived exosomes in stroke, PD, and OA in basic and clinical aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsun Chang
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan.,2 Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Kung-Chi Wu
- 3 Department of Orthopedics, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Horng-Jyh Harn
- 4 Department of Pathology, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Shinn-Zong Lin
- 5 Department of Neurosurgery, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Dah-Ching Ding
- 2 Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.,6 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan
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19
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Pauls MMH, Moynihan B, Barrick TR, Kruuse C, Madigan JB, Hainsworth AH, Isaacs JD. The effect of phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors on cerebral blood flow in humans: A systematic review. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2018; 38:189-203. [PMID: 29256324 PMCID: PMC5951021 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x17747177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Agents that augment cerebral blood flow (CBF) could be potential treatments for vascular cognitive impairment. Phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors are vasodilating drugs established in the treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED) and pulmonary hypertension. We reviewed published data on the effects of phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors on CBF in adult humans. A systematic review according to PRISMA guidelines was performed. Embase, Medline and Cochrane Library Trials databases were searched. Sixteen studies with 353 participants in total were retrieved. Studies included healthy volunteers and patients with migraine, ED, type 2 diabetes, stroke, pulmonary hypertension, Becker muscular dystrophy and subarachnoid haemorrhage. Most studies used middle cerebral artery flow velocity to estimate CBF. Few studies employed direct measurements of tissue perfusion. Resting CBF velocity was unaffected by phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors, but cerebrovascular regulation was improved in ED, pulmonary hypertension, diabetes, Becker's and a group of healthy volunteers. This evidence suggests that phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors improve responsiveness of the cerebral vasculature, particularly in disease states associated with an impaired endothelial dilatory response. This supports the potential therapeutic use of phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors in vascular cognitive impairment where CBF is reduced. Further studies with better resolution of deep CBF are warranted. The review is registered on the PROSPERO database (registration number CRD42016029668).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde MH Pauls
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research
Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK
- Department of Neurology, St George's
University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Barry Moynihan
- Department of Neurology, St George's
University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Department of Geriatric and Stroke
Medicine, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Thomas R Barrick
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research
Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - Christina Kruuse
- Department of Neurology, Neurovascular
Research Unit, Herlev Gentofte Hospital and University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jeremy B Madigan
- Department of Neuroradiology, St
George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Atticus H Hainsworth
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research
Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK
- Department of Neurology, St George's
University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Jeremy D Isaacs
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research
Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK
- Department of Neurology, St George's
University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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20
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Maki T, Choi YK, Miyamoto N, Shindo A, Liang AC, Ahn BJ, Mandeville ET, Kaji S, Itoh K, Seo JH, Gelman IH, Lok J, Takahashi R, Kim KW, Lo EH, Arai K. A-Kinase Anchor Protein 12 Is Required for Oligodendrocyte Differentiation in Adult White Matter. Stem Cells 2018; 36:751-760. [PMID: 29314444 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) give rise to oligodendrocytes in cerebral white matter. However, the underlying mechanisms that regulate this process remain to be fully defined, especially in adult brains. Recently, it has been suggested that signaling via A-kinase anchor protein 12 (AKAP12), a scaffolding protein that associates with intracellular molecules such as protein kinase A, may be involved in Schwann cell homeostasis and peripheral myelination. Here, we asked whether AKAP12 also regulates the mechanisms of myelination in the CNS. AKAP12 knockout mice were compared against wild-type (WT) mice in a series of neurochemical and behavioral assays. Compared with WTs, 2-months old AKAP12 knockout mice exhibited loss of myelin in white matter of the corpus callosum, along with perturbations in working memory as measured by a standard Y-maze test. Unexpectedly, very few OPCs expressed AKAP12 in the corpus callosum region. Instead, pericytes appeared to be one of the major AKAP12-expressing cells. In a cell culture model system, conditioned culture media from normal pericytes promoted in-vitro OPC maturation. However, conditioned media from AKAP12-deficient pericytes did not support the OPC function. These findings suggest that AKAP12 signaling in pericytes may be required for OPC-to-oligodendrocyte renewal to maintain the white matter homeostasis in adult brain. Stem Cells 2018;36:751-760.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takakuni Maki
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yoon Kyung Choi
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Republic of Korea
| | - Nobukazu Miyamoto
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Akihiro Shindo
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anna C Liang
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bum Ju Ahn
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Emiri T Mandeville
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Seiji Kaji
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Kanako Itoh
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ji Hae Seo
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- NeuroVascular Coordination Research Center, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Department of Biochemistry, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, 42601, Korea
| | - Irwin H Gelman
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Josephine Lok
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ryosuke Takahashi
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Kyu-Won Kim
- NeuroVascular Coordination Research Center, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, Korea
| | - Eng H Lo
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ken Arai
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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21
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Ölmestig JNE, Marlet IR, Hainsworth AH, Kruuse C. Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibition as a therapeutic target for ischemic stroke: A systematic review of preclinical studies. Cell Signal 2017; 38:39-48. [PMID: 28648945 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 06/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors (PDE5i), such as sildenafil (Viagra®) are widely used for erectile dysfunction and pulmonary hypertension. Preclinical studies suggest that PDE5i may improve functional outcome following ischemic stroke. In this systematic review we aimed to evaluate the effects of selective PDE5i in animal models of brain ischaemia. A systematic search in Medline, Embase, and The Cochrane Library was performed including studies in English assessing the effects of selective PDE5i. 32 publications were included describing outcome in 3646 animals. Neuroprotective effects of PDE5i were dependent on the NO-cGMP-PKG-pathway. These included reduced neuronal apoptosis (n=3 studies), oxidative stress (n=5), and neuroinflammation (n=2). PDE5i increased angiogenesis and elevated regional cerebral blood flow in the ischemic penumbra, and improved functional recovery. Some studies found that PDE5i treatment reduced lesion volume (n=9), others found no effect (n=9). Treatment was effective when administered within 24h post-ischemia, though treatment delayed to seven days improved outcome in one study. This review demonstrates both neuroprotective and neurorestorative effects of PDE5i in animal models of stroke, though the specific underlying signaling pathways relating to PDE5 inhibition and cGMP may remain serendipitous in some studies. There is currently limited evidence on the effects of selective PDE5i in human stroke patients, hence translation of preclinical results into clinical trials may be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joakim N E Ölmestig
- Neurovascular Research Unit, Department of Neurology, Herlev Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev Ringvej 75, 2730 Herlev, Denmark.
| | - Ida R Marlet
- Neurovascular Research Unit, Department of Neurology, Herlev Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev Ringvej 75, 2730 Herlev, Denmark.
| | - Atticus H Hainsworth
- Clinical Neuroscience, Molecular & Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, UK.
| | - Christina Kruuse
- Neurovascular Research Unit, Department of Neurology, Herlev Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev Ringvej 75, 2730 Herlev, Denmark.
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22
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Venkat P, Shen Y, Chopp M, Chen J. Cell-based and pharmacological neurorestorative therapies for ischemic stroke. Neuropharmacology 2017; 134:310-322. [PMID: 28867364 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke remains one of most common causes of death and disability worldwide. Stroke triggers a cascade of events leading to rapid neuronal damage and death. Neuroprotective agents that showed promise in preclinical experiments have failed to translate to the clinic. Even after decades of research, tPA remains the only FDA approved drug for stroke treatment. However, tPA is effective when administered 3-4.5 h after stroke onset and the vast majority of stroke patients do not receive tPA therapy. Therefore, there is a pressing need for novel therapies for ischemic stroke. Since stroke induces rapid cell damage and death, neuroprotective strategies that aim to salvage or replace injured brain tissue are challenged by treatment time frames. To overcome the barriers of neuroprotective therapies, there is an increasing focus on neurorestorative therapies for stroke. In this review article, we provide an update on neurorestorative treatments for stroke using cell therapy such as bone marrow derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs), human umbilical cord blood cells (HUCBCs) and select pharmacological approaches including Minocycline and Candesartan that have been employed in clinical trials. This review article discusses the present understanding of mechanisms of neurorestorative therapies and summarizes ongoing clinical trials. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled 'Cerebral Ischemia'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poornima Venkat
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Yi Shen
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA; Gerontology Institute, Department of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neurotrauma Neurorepair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Michael Chopp
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA; Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA
| | - Jieli Chen
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA; Gerontology Institute, Department of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neurotrauma Neurorepair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin, 300052, China.
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23
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Tian Z, Zhao Q, Biswas S, Deng W. Methods of reactivation and reprogramming of neural stem cells for neural repair. Methods 2017; 133:3-20. [PMID: 28864354 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2017.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Research on the biology of adult neural stem cells (NSCs) and induced NSCs (iNSCs), as well as NSC-based therapies for diseases in central nervous system (CNS) has started to generate the expectation that these cells may be used for treatments in CNS injuries or disorders. Recent technological progresses in both NSCs themselves and their derivatives have brought us closer to therapeutic applications. Adult neurogenesis presents in particular regions in mammal brain, known as neurogenic niches such as the dental gyrus (DG) in hippocampus and the subventricular zone (SVZ), within which adult NSCs usually stay for long periods out of the cell cycle, in G0. The reactivation of quiescent adult NSCs needs orchestrated interactions between the extrinsic stimulis from niches and the intrinsic factors involving transcription factors (TFs), signaling pathway, epigenetics, and metabolism to start an intracellular regulatory program, which promotes the quiescent NSCs exit G0 and reenter cell cycle. Extrinsic and intrinsic mechanisms that regulate adult NSCs are interconnected and feedback on one another. Since endogenous neurogenesis only happens in restricted regions and steadily fails with disease advances, interest has evolved to apply the iNSCs converted from somatic cells to treat CNS disorders, as is also promising and preferable. To overcome the limitation of viral-based reprogramming of iNSCs, bioactive small molecules (SM) have been explored to enhance the efficiency of iNSC reprogramming or even replace TFs, making the iNSCs more amenable to clinical application. Despite intense research efforts to translate the studies of adult and induced NSCs from the bench to bedside, vital troubles remain at several steps in these processes. In this review, we examine the present status, advancement, pitfalls, and potential of the two types of NSC technologies, focusing on each aspects of reactivation of quiescent adult NSC and reprogramming of iNSC from somatic cells, as well as on progresses in cell-based regenerative strategies for neural repair and criteria for successful therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuojun Tian
- Department of Neurology, The Institute of Guangzhou Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, PR China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95817, USA; Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Qiuge Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The Institute of Guangzhou Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, PR China
| | - Sangita Biswas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95817, USA; Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
| | - Wenbin Deng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95817, USA; Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
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24
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Díaz-Lucena D, Gutierrez-Mecinas M, Moreno B, Martínez-Sánchez JL, Pifarré P, García A. Mechanisms Involved in the Remyelinating Effect of Sildenafil. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2017; 13:6-23. [PMID: 28776122 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-017-9756-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Remyelination occurs in demyelinated lesions in multiple sclerosis (MS) and pharmacological treatments that enhance this process will critically impact the long term functional outcome in the disease. Sildenafil, a cyclic GMP (cGMP)-specific phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor (PDE5-I), is an oral vasodilator drug extensively used in humans for treatment of erectile dysfunction and pulmonary arterial hypertension. PDE5 is expressed in central nervous system (CNS) neuronal and glial populations and in endothelial cells and numerous studies in rodent models of neurological disease have evidenced the neuroprotective potential of PDE5-Is. Using myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)-induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) as a MS model, we previously showed that daily administration of sildenafil starting at peak disease rapidly ameliorates clinical symptoms while administration at symptoms onset prevents disease progression. These beneficial effects of the drug involved down-regulation of adaptive and innate immune responses, protection of axons and oligodendrocytes (OLs) and promotion of remyelination. In this work we have investigated mechanisms involved in the remyelinating effect of sildenafil. Using demyelinated organotypic cerebellar slice cultures we demonstrate that sildenafil stimulates remyelination by direct effects on CNS cells in a nitric oxide (NO)-cGMP-protein kinase G (PKG)-dependent manner. We also show that sildenafil treatment enhances OL maturation and induces expression of the promyelinating factor ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) in spinal cord of EAE mice and in cerebellar slice cultures. Furthermore, we demonstrate that sildenafil promotes a M2 phenotype in bone marrow derived macrophages (BMDM) and increases myelin phagocytosis in these cells and in M2 microglia/macrophages in the spinal cord of EAE mice. Taken together these data indicate that promotion of OL maturation directly or through induction of growth factor expression, regulation of microglia/macrophage inflammatory phenotype and clearance of myelin debris may be relevant mechanisms involved in sildenafil enhancement of remyelination in demyelinated tissue and further support the contention that this well tolerated drug could be useful for ameliorating MS pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Díaz-Lucena
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Neuropathology, IDIBELL-Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08097, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Gutierrez-Mecinas
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, G12 8QQ, Glasgow, UK
| | - Beatriz Moreno
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain.,Basic Sciences Department, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Sant Cugat del Vallès, 08195, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Lupicinio Martínez-Sánchez
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain.,Barts Cancer Institute, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Paula Pifarré
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain. .,Centre for Genomic Regulation CRG, PRBB Building, 08003, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Agustina García
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain.
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25
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Ottoboni L, Merlini A, Martino G. Neural Stem Cell Plasticity: Advantages in Therapy for the Injured Central Nervous System. Front Cell Dev Biol 2017; 5:52. [PMID: 28553634 PMCID: PMC5427132 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2017.00052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The physiological and pathological properties of the neural germinal stem cell niche have been well-studied in the past 30 years, mainly in animals and within given limits in humans, and knowledge is available for the cyto-architectonic structure, the cellular components, the timing of development and the energetic maintenance of the niche, as well as for the therapeutic potential and the cross talk between neural and immune cells. In recent years we have gained detailed understanding of the potentiality of neural stem cells (NSCs), although we are only beginning to understand their molecular, metabolic, and epigenetic profile in physiopathology and, further, more can be invested to measure quantitatively the activity of those cells, to model in vitro their therapeutic responses or to predict interactions in silico. Information in this direction has been put forward for other organs but is still limited in the complex and very less accessible context of the brain. A comprehensive understanding of the behavior of endogenous NSCs will help to tune or model them toward a desired response in order to treat complex neurodegenerative diseases. NSCs have the ability to modulate multiple cellular functions and exploiting their plasticity might make them into potent and versatile cellular drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Ottoboni
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilan, Italy
| | - Arianna Merlini
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilan, Italy
| | - Gianvito Martino
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilan, Italy
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26
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Zhang J, Zhang ZG, Lu M, Wang X, Shang X, Elias SB, Chopp M. MiR-146a promotes remyelination in a cuprizone model of demyelinating injury. Neuroscience 2017; 348:252-263. [PMID: 28237816 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The death of mature oligodendrocytes (OLs) which are the sole myelinating cells of the central nervous system (CNS), leads to demyelination and functional deficits. Currently, there is lack of effective remyelination therapies for patients with demyelinating diseases. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) mediate OL function. We hypothesized that miR-146a, by inactivating interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 (IRAK1), promotes differentiation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) and thereby enhances remyelination. To test this hypothesis, a demyelination model induced by a cuprizone (CPZ) diet was employed, in which C57BL/6J mice were fed with a CPZ diet for 5weeks. After termination of CPZ diet, the mice were randomly treated with continuous infusion of miR-146a mimics or mimic controls into the corpus callosum for 7days. Compared to the mimic control, infusion of miR-146a mimics facilitated remyelination assessed by increased myelin basic proteins in the corpus callosum, which was associated with augmentation of newly generated mature OLs. Infusion of miR-146a mimics also substantially elevated miR-146a levels in the corpus callosum and fluorescently tagged miR-146a mimics were mainly detected in OPCs. Western blot and double immmunofluorescent staining analysis showed that the miR-146a treatment considerably reduced IRAK1 protein levels and the number of IRAK1-positive cells, respectively. Collectively, these data indicate that exogenous miR-146a enhances remyelination, possibly by promoting OPCs to differentiate into myelinated OLs via targeting IRAK1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI 48202, United States.
| | - Zheng Gang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI 48202, United States
| | - Mei Lu
- Biostatistics and Research Epidemiology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI 48202, United States
| | - Xinli Wang
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI 48202, United States
| | - Xia Shang
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI 48202, United States
| | - Stanton B Elias
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI 48202, United States
| | - Michael Chopp
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI 48202, United States; Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309, United States
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27
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Zhang R, Zhang Z, Chopp M. Function of neural stem cells in ischemic brain repair processes. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2016; 36:2034-2043. [PMID: 27742890 PMCID: PMC5363673 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x16674487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxic/ischemic injury is the single most important cause of disabilities in infants, while stroke remains a leading cause of morbidity in children and adults around the world. The injured brain has limited repair capacity, and thereby only modest improvement of neurological function is evident post injury. In rodents, embryonic neural stem cells in the ventricular zone generate cortical neurons, and adult neural stem cells in the ventricular-subventricular zone of the lateral ventricle produce new neurons through animal life. In addition to generation of new neurons, neural stem cells contribute to oligodendrogenesis. Neurogenesis and oligodendrogenesis are essential for repair of injured brain. Much progress has been made in preclinical studies on elucidating the cellular and molecular mechanisms that control and coordinate neurogenesis and oligodendrogenesis in perinatal hypoxic/ischemic injury and the adult ischemic brain. This article will review these findings with a focus on the ventricular-subventricular zone neurogenic niche and discuss potential applications to facilitate endogenous neurogenesis and thereby to improve neurological function post perinatal hypoxic/ischemic injury and stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruilan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, USA
| | | | - Michael Chopp
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, USA
- Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, USA
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28
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Olivares-González L, Martínez-Fernández de la Cámara C, Hervás D, Marín MP, Lahoz A, Millán JM, Rodrigo R. cGMP-Phosphodiesterase Inhibition Prevents Hypoxia-Induced Cell Death Activation in Porcine Retinal Explants. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166717. [PMID: 27861632 PMCID: PMC5115799 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinal hypoxia and oxidative stress are involved in several retinal degenerations including diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, central retinal artery occlusion, or retinopathy of prematurity. The second messenger cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) has been reported to be protective for neuronal cells under several pathological conditions including ischemia/hypoxia. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the accumulation of cGMP through the pharmacological inhibition of phosphodiesterase (PDE) with Zaprinast prevented retinal degeneration induced by mild hypoxia in cultures of porcine retina. Exposure to mild hypoxia (5% O2) for 24h reduced cGMP content and induced retinal degeneration by caspase dependent and independent (PARP activation) mechanisms. Hypoxia also produced a redox imbalance reducing antioxidant response (superoxide dismutase and catalase activities) and increasing superoxide free radical release. Zaprinast reduced mild hypoxia-induced cell death through inhibition of caspase-3 or PARP activation depending on the cell layer. PDE inhibition also ameliorated the effects of mild hypoxia on antioxidant response and the release of superoxide radical in the photoreceptor layer. The use of a PKG inhibitor, KT5823, suggested that cGMP-PKG pathway is involved in cell survival and antioxidant response. The inhibition of PDE, therefore, could be useful for reducing retinal degeneration under hypoxic/ischemic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Olivares-González
- Grupo de Biomedicina Molecular, Celular y Genómica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - David Hervás
- Unidad de Bioestadística, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - María Pilar Marín
- Unidad de Microscopía, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Agustin Lahoz
- Unidad de Hepatología Experimental, Unidad Analítica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - José María Millán
- Grupo de Biomedicina Molecular, Celular y Genómica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Regina Rodrigo
- Grupo de Biomedicina Molecular, Celular y Genómica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail:
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29
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Marucci G, Dal Ben D, Lambertucci C, Santinelli C, Spinaci A, Thomas A, Volpini R, Buccioni M. The G Protein-Coupled Receptor GPR17: Overview and Update. ChemMedChem 2016; 11:2567-2574. [PMID: 27863043 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201600453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The GPR17 receptor is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that seems to respond to two unrelated families of endogenous ligands: nucleotide sugars (UDP, UDP-galactose, and UDP-glucose) and cysteinyl leukotrienes (LTD4 , LTC4 , and LTE4 ), with significant affinity at micromolar and nanomolar concentrations, respectively. This receptor has a broad distribution at the level of the central nervous system (CNS) and is found in neurons and in a subset of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs). Unfortunately, disparate results emerging from different laboratories have resulted in a lack of clarity with regard to the role of GPR17-targeting ligands in OPC differentiation and in myelination. GPR17 is also highly expressed in organs typically undergoing ischemic damage and has various roles in specific phases of adaptations that follow a stroke. Under such conditions, GPR17 plays a crucial role; in fact, its inhibition decreases the progression of ischemic damage. This review summarizes some important features of this receptor that could be a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of demyelinating diseases and for repairing traumatic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Marucci
- School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, Via S. Agostino, 1, 62032, Camerino, MC, Italy
| | - Diego Dal Ben
- School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, Via S. Agostino, 1, 62032, Camerino, MC, Italy
| | - Catia Lambertucci
- School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, Via S. Agostino, 1, 62032, Camerino, MC, Italy
| | - Claudia Santinelli
- School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, Via S. Agostino, 1, 62032, Camerino, MC, Italy
| | - Andrea Spinaci
- School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, Via S. Agostino, 1, 62032, Camerino, MC, Italy
| | - Ajiroghene Thomas
- School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, Via S. Agostino, 1, 62032, Camerino, MC, Italy
| | - Rosaria Volpini
- School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, Via S. Agostino, 1, 62032, Camerino, MC, Italy
| | - Michela Buccioni
- School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, Via S. Agostino, 1, 62032, Camerino, MC, Italy
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30
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Yazdani A, Khoja Z, Johnstone A, Dale L, Rampakakis E, Wintermark P. Sildenafil Improves Brain Injury Recovery following Term Neonatal Hypoxia-Ischemia in Male Rat Pups. Dev Neurosci 2016; 38:251-263. [DOI: 10.1159/000448327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Term asphyxiated newborns remain at risk of developing brain injury despite available neuropreventive therapies such as hypothermia. Neurorestorative treatments may be an alternative. This study investigated the effect of sildenafil on brain injury induced by neonatal hypoxia-ischemia (HI) at term-equivalent age. Neonatal HI was induced in male Long-Evans rat pups at postnatal day 10 (P10) by left common carotid ligation followed by a 2-hour exposure to 8% oxygen; sham-operated rat pups served as the control. Both groups were randomized to oral sildenafil or vehicle twice daily for 7 consecutive days. Gait analysis was performed on P27. At P30, the rats were sacrificed, and their brains were extracted. The surfaces of both hemispheres were measured on hematoxylin and eosin-stained brain sections. Mature neurons and endothelial cells were quantified near the infarct boundary zone using immunohistochemistry. HI caused significant gait impairment and a reduction in the size of the left hemisphere. Treatment with sildenafil led to an improvement in the neurological deficits as measured by gait analysis, as well as an improvement in the size of the left hemisphere. Sildenafil, especially at higher doses, also caused a significant increase in the number of neurons near the infarct boundary zone. In conclusion, sildenafil administered after neonatal HI may improve brain injury recovery by promoting neuronal populations.
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31
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Zhang Z, Chopp M. Neural Stem Cells and Ischemic Brain. J Stroke 2016; 18:267-272. [PMID: 27488979 PMCID: PMC5066435 DOI: 10.5853/jos.2016.00206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Revised: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke activates neural stem cells in the ventricular-subventricular zone (V/SVZ) of the lateral ventricle, which increases neuroblasts and oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs). Within the ischemic brain, neural stem cells, neuroblasts and OPCs appear to actively communicate with cerebral endothelial cells and other brain parenchymal cells to mediate ischemic brain repair; however, stroke-induced neurogenesis unlikely plays any significant roles in neuronal replacement. In this mini-review, we will discuss recent findings how intercellular communications between stroke-induced neurogenesis and oligodendrogenesis and brain parenchymal cells could potentially facilitate brain repair processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Chopp
- Henry Ford Hospital, Michigan, United States.,Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan, United States
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32
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Zhang L, Chopp M, Zhang Y, Xiong Y, Li C, Sadry N, Rhaleb I, Lu M, Zhang ZG. Diabetes Mellitus Impairs Cognitive Function in Middle-Aged Rats and Neurological Recovery in Middle-Aged Rats After Stroke. Stroke 2016; 47:2112-8. [PMID: 27387991 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.115.012578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common metabolic disease among the middle-aged and older population, which leads to an increase of stroke incidence and poor stroke recovery. The present study was designed to investigate the impact of DM on brain damage and on ischemic brain repair after stroke in aging animals. METHODS DM was induced in middle-aged rats (13 months) by administration of nicotinamide and streptozotocin. Rats with confirmed hyperglycemia status 30 days after nicotinamide-streptozotocin injection and age-matched non-DM rats were subjected to embolic middle cerebral artery occlusion. RESULTS Middle-aged rats subjected to nicotinamide-streptozotocin injection became hyperglycemic and developed cognitive deficits 2 months after induction of DM. Histopathologic analysis revealed that there was sporadic vascular disruption, including cerebral microvascular thrombosis, blood-brain barrier leakage, and loss of paravascular aquaporin-4 in the hippocampi. Importantly, middle-aged DM rats subjected to stroke had exacerbated sensorimotor and cognitive deficits compared with age-matched non-DM ischemic rats during stroke recovery. Compared with age-matched non-DM ischemic rats, DM ischemic rats exhibited aggravated neurovascular disruption in the bilateral hippocampi and white matter, suppressed stroke-induced neurogenesis and oligodendrogenesis, and impaired dendritic/spine plasticity. However, DM did not enlarge infarct volume. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that DM exacerbates neurovascular damage and hinders brain repair processes, which likely contribute to the impairment of stroke recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- From the Department of Neurology (L.Z., M.C., C.L., N.S., I.R., Z.G.Z.), Department of Neurosurgery (Y.Z., Y.X.), and Department of Biostatistics and Research Epidemiology (M.L.), Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI; and Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, MI (M.C.).
| | - Michael Chopp
- From the Department of Neurology (L.Z., M.C., C.L., N.S., I.R., Z.G.Z.), Department of Neurosurgery (Y.Z., Y.X.), and Department of Biostatistics and Research Epidemiology (M.L.), Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI; and Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, MI (M.C.)
| | - Yanlu Zhang
- From the Department of Neurology (L.Z., M.C., C.L., N.S., I.R., Z.G.Z.), Department of Neurosurgery (Y.Z., Y.X.), and Department of Biostatistics and Research Epidemiology (M.L.), Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI; and Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, MI (M.C.)
| | - Ye Xiong
- From the Department of Neurology (L.Z., M.C., C.L., N.S., I.R., Z.G.Z.), Department of Neurosurgery (Y.Z., Y.X.), and Department of Biostatistics and Research Epidemiology (M.L.), Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI; and Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, MI (M.C.)
| | - Chao Li
- From the Department of Neurology (L.Z., M.C., C.L., N.S., I.R., Z.G.Z.), Department of Neurosurgery (Y.Z., Y.X.), and Department of Biostatistics and Research Epidemiology (M.L.), Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI; and Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, MI (M.C.)
| | - Neema Sadry
- From the Department of Neurology (L.Z., M.C., C.L., N.S., I.R., Z.G.Z.), Department of Neurosurgery (Y.Z., Y.X.), and Department of Biostatistics and Research Epidemiology (M.L.), Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI; and Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, MI (M.C.)
| | - Imane Rhaleb
- From the Department of Neurology (L.Z., M.C., C.L., N.S., I.R., Z.G.Z.), Department of Neurosurgery (Y.Z., Y.X.), and Department of Biostatistics and Research Epidemiology (M.L.), Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI; and Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, MI (M.C.)
| | - Mei Lu
- From the Department of Neurology (L.Z., M.C., C.L., N.S., I.R., Z.G.Z.), Department of Neurosurgery (Y.Z., Y.X.), and Department of Biostatistics and Research Epidemiology (M.L.), Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI; and Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, MI (M.C.)
| | - Zheng Gang Zhang
- From the Department of Neurology (L.Z., M.C., C.L., N.S., I.R., Z.G.Z.), Department of Neurosurgery (Y.Z., Y.X.), and Department of Biostatistics and Research Epidemiology (M.L.), Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI; and Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, MI (M.C.)
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Abstract
Stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. Stroke recovery is orchestrated by a set of highly interactive processes that involve the neurovascular unit and neural stem cells. Emerging data suggest that exosomes play an important role in intercellular communication by transferring exosomal protein and RNA cargo between source and target cells in the brain. Here, we review these advances and their impact on promoting coupled brain remodeling processes after stroke. The use of exosomes for therapeutic applications in stroke is also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Gang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Michael Chopp
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan, USA
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Mechanisms of Plasticity, Remodeling and Recovery. Stroke 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-29544-4.00011-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Santra M, Chopp M, Santra S, Nallani A, Vyas S, Zhang ZG, Morris DC. Thymosin beta 4 up-regulates miR-200a expression and induces differentiation and survival of rat brain progenitor cells. J Neurochem 2015; 136:118-32. [PMID: 26466330 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Revised: 09/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Thymosin beta 4 (Tβ4), a secreted 43 amino acid peptide, promotes oligodendrogenesis, and improves neurological outcome in rat models of neurologic injury. We demonstrated that exogenous Tβ4 treatment up-regulated the expression of the miR-200a in vitro in rat brain progenitor cells and in vivo in the peri-infarct area of rats subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). The up-regulation of miR-200a down-regulated the expression of the following targets in vitro and in vivo models: (i) growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 (Grb2), an adaptor protein involved in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)/Grb2/Ras/MEK/ERK1/c-Jun signaling pathway, which negatively regulates the expression of myelin basic protein (MBP), a marker of mature oligodendrocyte; (ii) ERRFI-1/Mig-6, an endogenous potent kinase inhibitor of EGFR, which resulted in activation/phosphorylation of EGFR; (iii) friend of GATA 2, and phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted in chromosome 10 (PTEN), which are potent inhibitors of the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT signaling pathway, and resulted in marked activation of AKT; and (iv) transcription factor, p53, which induces pro-apoptotic genes, and possibly reduced apoptosis of the progenitor cells subjected to oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD). Anti-miR-200a transfection reversed all the effects of Tβ4 treatment in vitro. Thus, Tβ4 up-regulated MBP synthesis, and inhibited OGD-induced apoptosis in a novel miR-200a dependent EGFR signaling pathway. Our findings of miR-200a-mediated protection of progenitor cells may provide a new therapeutic importance for the treatment of neurologic injury. Tβ4-induced micro-RNA-200a (miR-200a) regulates EGFR signaling pathways for MBP synthesis and apoptosis: up-regulation of miR-200a after Tβ4 treatment, increases MBP synthesis after targeting Grb2 and thereby inactivating c-Jun from inhibition of MBP synthesis; and also inhibits OGD-mediated apoptosis after targeting EGFR inhibitor (Mig-6), PI3K inhibitors (FOG2 and Pten) and an inducer (p53) of pro-apoptotic genes, for AKT activation and down-regulation of p53. These findings may contribute the therapeutic benefits for stroke and other neuronal diseases associated with demyelination disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoranjan Santra
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Michael Chopp
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA.,Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan, USA
| | - Sutapa Santra
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Ankita Nallani
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Shivam Vyas
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Zheng Gang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Daniel C Morris
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA
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Itoh K, Maki T, Lok J, Arai K. Mechanisms of cell-cell interaction in oligodendrogenesis and remyelination after stroke. Brain Res 2015; 1623:135-49. [PMID: 25960351 PMCID: PMC4569526 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2015.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Revised: 04/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
White matter damage is a clinically important aspect of several central nervous system diseases, including stroke. Cerebral white matter primarily consists of axonal bundles ensheathed with myelin secreted by mature oligodendrocytes, which play an important role in neurotransmission between different areas of gray matter. During the acute phase of stroke, damage to oligodendrocytes leads to white matter dysfunction through the loss of myelin. On the contrary, during the chronic phase, white matter components promote an environment, which is favorable for neural repair, vascular remodeling, and remyelination. For effective remyelination to take place, oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) play critical roles by proliferating and differentiating into mature oligodendrocytes, which help to decrease the burden of axonal injury. Notably, other types of cells contribute to these OPC responses under the ischemic conditions. This mini-review summarizes the non-cell autonomous mechanisms in oligodendrogenesis and remyelination after white matter damage, focusing on how OPCs receive support from their neighboring cells. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled SI: Cell Interactions In Stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanako Itoh
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Takakuni Maki
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Josephine Lok
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Ken Arai
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA.
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CNS remyelination as a novel reparative approach to neurodegenerative diseases: The roles of purinergic signaling and the P2Y-like receptor GPR17. Neuropharmacology 2015; 104:82-93. [PMID: 26453964 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Oligodendrocytes are the myelin-forming cells in the CNS. They enwrap axons, thus permitting fast impulse transmission and exerting trophic actions on neurons. Demyelination accompanied by neurological deficit is a rather frequent condition that is not only associated with multiple sclerosis but has been also recognized in several other neurodegenerative diseases, including brain trauma and stroke, Alzheimer's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Recently, alterations of myelin function have been also reported in neuropsychiatric diseases, like depression and autism. Highly relevant for therapeutic purposes, oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) still persist in the adult brain and spinal cord. These cells are normally rather quiescent, but under specific circumstances, they can be stimulated to undergo differentiation and generate mature myelinating oligodendrocytes. Thus, approaches aimed at restoring myelin integrity and at fostering a correct oligodendrocyte function are now viewed as novel therapeutic opportunities for both neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases. Both OPCs and mature oligodendrocytes express purinergic receptors. For some of these receptors, expression is restricted at specific differentiation stages, suggesting key roles in OPCs maturation and myelination. Some of these receptors are altered under demyelinating conditions, suggesting that their dysregulation may contribute to disease development and could represent adequate new targets for remyelinating therapies. Here, we shall describe the current literature available on all these receptors, with special emphasis on the P2Y-like GPR17 receptor, that represents one of the most studied receptor subtypes in these cells. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled 'Purines in Neurodegeneration and Neuroregeneration'.
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Key Words
- 2′-Deoxy-N(6)-methyladenosine 3′,5'-bisphosphate ammonium salt (MRS2179)
- 3-(2-carboxy-4,6-dichloro-indol-3-yl)propionic acid (MDL29,951)
- 3-[4-[2-[ [6-amino-9-[(2R,3R,4S,5S)-5-(ethylcarbamoyl)-3,4-dihydroxy-oxolan-2-yl]purin-2-yl]amino]ethyl]phenyl]propanoic acid (CGS21680)
- 7-(2-phenylethyl)-5-amino-2-(2-furyl)-pyrazolo-[4,3-e]-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidine (SCH58261)
- ADP
- ATP
- Adenosine
- Brilliant blue G (BBG)
- Leukotriene D4 (LTD(4))
- Montelukast
- N6-cyclohexyladenosine (CHA)
- Oligodendrocytes
- Oxidized ATP (oxATP)
- Purinergic receptors
- Rapamycin
- Remyelination
- UDP
- UDP-Glucose
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A novel phosphodiesterase-5 Inhibitor: Yonkenafil modulates neurogenesis, gliosis to improve cognitive function and ameliorates amyloid burden in an APP/PS1 transgenic mice model. Mech Ageing Dev 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2015.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Titus DJ, Oliva AA, Wilson NM, Atkins CM. Phosphodiesterase inhibitors as therapeutics for traumatic brain injury. Curr Pharm Des 2015; 21:332-42. [PMID: 25159077 DOI: 10.2174/1381612820666140826113731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Developing therapeutics for traumatic brain injury remains a challenge for all stages of recovery. The pathological features of traumatic brain injury are diverse, and it remains an obstacle to be able to target the wide range of pathologies that vary between traumatic brain injured patients and that evolve during recovery. One promising therapeutic avenue is to target the second messengers cAMP and cGMP with phosphodiesterase inhibitors due to their broad effects within the nervous system. Phosphodiesterase inhibitors have the capability to target different injury mechanisms throughout the time course of recovery after brain injury. Inflammation and neuronal death are early targets of phosphodiesterase inhibitors, and synaptic dysfunction and circuitry remodeling are late potential targets of phosphodiesterase inhibitors. This review will discuss how signaling through cyclic nucleotides contributes to the pathology of traumatic brain injury in the acute and chronic stages of recovery. We will review our current knowledge of the successes and challenges of using phosphodiesterase inhibitors for the treatment of traumatic brain injury and conclude with important considerations in developing phosphodiesterase inhibitors as therapeutics for brain trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Coleen M Atkins
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, 33136, USA.
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Phan Duy A, Pham H, Pansiot J, Gressens P, Charriaut-Marlangue C, Baud O. Nitric Oxide Pathway and Proliferation of Neural Progenitors in the Neonatal Rat. Dev Neurosci 2015; 37:417-27. [PMID: 25791196 DOI: 10.1159/000375488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Several lines of evidence demonstrate that inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) not only acts locally on the pulmonary vasculature but also has remote effects on the mature and developing brain under basal or pathological conditions by modulating cerebral blood flow and microvascularization, white matter maturation, inflammation, and subsequent brain repair. Previously, consistent studies demonstrated that increased levels of guanosine 3',5' cyclic monophosphate (cGMP), the main effector of biological effect induced by nitric oxide (NO), significantly augment proliferation and neuronal differentiation of adult neural progenitor cells (NPCs). In the present study, we ask the question whether iNO could promote the proliferation of NPCs in the uninjured developing brain. We first reported that iNO exposure at a concentration of 20 ppm during the first 7 days of life was associated with a significant but transient elevation of brain cGMP concentration 2 h after the onset of iNO exposure and a subsequent increase in myelin content of the developing white matter at postnatal day (P) 10. Using BrDu labelling and colabelling with specific cell-type markers we found that iNO exposure of rat pups results in an increased NPC proliferation in several layers of the subventricular zone (SVZ) at both early (30 h) and late (P7) time points. These proliferating NPCs were found to be sustainably viable and subsequently differentiated into oligodendroglial cells in the developing white matter and cortex. We also found that NG2 immunoreactivity around vessel walls, labeling pericyte cells, was increased in NO-exposed rat pups in the periventricular SVZ. In conclusion, iNO appears to act on oligodendrocyte progenitor cells, leading to increased density of mature oligodendrocytes and myelin content in the immature rat brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- An Phan Duy
- INSERM, UMR1141, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
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Martínez‐Salamanca JI, La Fuente JM, Fernández A, Martínez‐Salamanca E, Pepe‐Cardoso AJ, Carballido J, Angulo J. Nitrergic Function Is Lost but Endothelial Function Is Preserved in the Corpus Cavernosum and Penile Resistance Arteries of Men after Radical Prostatectomy. J Sex Med 2015; 12:590-9. [DOI: 10.1111/jsm.12801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Cui X, Chopp M, Zacharek A, Karasinska JM, Cui Y, Ning R, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Chen J. Deficiency of brain ATP-binding cassette transporter A-1 exacerbates blood-brain barrier and white matter damage after stroke. Stroke 2015; 46:827-34. [PMID: 25593138 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.114.007145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The ATP-binding cassette transporter A-1 (ABCA1) gene is a key target of the transcription factors liver X receptors. Liver X receptor activation has anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects in animal ischemic stroke models. Here, we tested the hypothesis that brain ABCA1 reduces blood-brain barrier (BBB) and white matter (WM) impairment in the ischemic brain after stroke. METHODS Adult brain-specific ABCA1-deficient (ABCA1(-B/-B)) and floxed-control (ABCA1(fl/fl)) mice were subjected to permanent distal middle cerebral artery occlusion and were euthanized 7 days after distal middle cerebral artery occlusion. Functional outcome, infarct volume, BBB leakage, and WM damage were analyzed. RESULTS Compared with ABCA1(fl/fl) mice, ABCA1(-B/-B) mice showed marginally (P=0.052) increased lesion volume but significantly increased BBB leakage and WM damage in the ischemic brain and more severe neurological deficits. Brain ABCA1-deficient mice exhibited increased the level of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and reduced the level of insulin-like growth factor 1 in the ischemic brain. BBB leakage was inversely correlated (r=-0.073; P<0.05) with aquaporin-4 expression. Reduction of insulin-like growth factor 1 and aquaporin-4, but upregulation of matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression were also found in the primary astrocyte cultures derived from ABCA1(-B/-B) mice. Cultured primary cortical neurons derived from C57BL/6 wild-type mice with ABCA1(-B/-B) astrocyte-conditioned medium exhibited decreased neurite outgrowth compared with culture with ABCA1(fl/fl) astrocyte-conditioned medium. ABCA1(-B/-B) primary cortical neurons show significantly decreased neurite outgrowth, which was attenuated by insulin-like growth factor 1 treatment. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate that brain ABCA1 deficiency increases BBB leakage, WM/axonal damage, and functional deficits after stroke. Concomitant reduction of insulin-like growth factor 1 and upregulation of matrix metalloproteinase-9 may contribute to brain ABCA1 deficiency-induced BBB and WM/axonal damage in the ischemic brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Cui
- From the Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI (X.C., M.C., A.Z., Y.C., R.N., Y.Z., J.C.); Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, MI (M.C.); Neural Protection and Regeneration section, Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH, Baltimore, MD (Y.W.); and Department of Medical Genetics, Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (J.M.K.).
| | - Michael Chopp
- From the Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI (X.C., M.C., A.Z., Y.C., R.N., Y.Z., J.C.); Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, MI (M.C.); Neural Protection and Regeneration section, Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH, Baltimore, MD (Y.W.); and Department of Medical Genetics, Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (J.M.K.)
| | - Alex Zacharek
- From the Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI (X.C., M.C., A.Z., Y.C., R.N., Y.Z., J.C.); Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, MI (M.C.); Neural Protection and Regeneration section, Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH, Baltimore, MD (Y.W.); and Department of Medical Genetics, Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (J.M.K.)
| | - Joanna M Karasinska
- From the Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI (X.C., M.C., A.Z., Y.C., R.N., Y.Z., J.C.); Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, MI (M.C.); Neural Protection and Regeneration section, Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH, Baltimore, MD (Y.W.); and Department of Medical Genetics, Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (J.M.K.)
| | - Yisheng Cui
- From the Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI (X.C., M.C., A.Z., Y.C., R.N., Y.Z., J.C.); Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, MI (M.C.); Neural Protection and Regeneration section, Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH, Baltimore, MD (Y.W.); and Department of Medical Genetics, Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (J.M.K.)
| | - Ruizhuo Ning
- From the Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI (X.C., M.C., A.Z., Y.C., R.N., Y.Z., J.C.); Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, MI (M.C.); Neural Protection and Regeneration section, Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH, Baltimore, MD (Y.W.); and Department of Medical Genetics, Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (J.M.K.)
| | - Yi Zhang
- From the Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI (X.C., M.C., A.Z., Y.C., R.N., Y.Z., J.C.); Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, MI (M.C.); Neural Protection and Regeneration section, Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH, Baltimore, MD (Y.W.); and Department of Medical Genetics, Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (J.M.K.)
| | - Yun Wang
- From the Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI (X.C., M.C., A.Z., Y.C., R.N., Y.Z., J.C.); Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, MI (M.C.); Neural Protection and Regeneration section, Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH, Baltimore, MD (Y.W.); and Department of Medical Genetics, Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (J.M.K.)
| | - Jieli Chen
- From the Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI (X.C., M.C., A.Z., Y.C., R.N., Y.Z., J.C.); Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, MI (M.C.); Neural Protection and Regeneration section, Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH, Baltimore, MD (Y.W.); and Department of Medical Genetics, Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (J.M.K.).
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Peixoto CA, Nunes AKS, Garcia-Osta A. Phosphodiesterase-5 Inhibitors: Action on the Signaling Pathways of Neuroinflammation, Neurodegeneration, and Cognition. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:940207. [PMID: 26770022 PMCID: PMC4681825 DOI: 10.1155/2015/940207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (PDE5-Is) have recently emerged as a potential therapeutic strategy for neuroinflammatory, neurodegenerative, and memory loss diseases. Mechanistically, PDE5-Is produce an anti-inflammatory and neuroprotection effect by increasing expression of nitric oxide synthases and accumulation of cGMP and activating protein kinase G (PKG), the signaling pathway of which is thought to play an important role in the development of several neurodiseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and multiple sclerosis (MS). The aim of this paper was to review present knowledge of the signaling pathways that underlie the use of PDE5-Is in neuroinflammation, neurogenesis, learning, and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Alves Peixoto
- 1Laboratório de Ultraestrutura, Centro de Pesquisa Aggeu Magalhães (FIOCRUZ), 50.740-465 Recife, PE, Brazil
- *Christina Alves Peixoto:
| | - Ana Karolina Santana Nunes
- 1Laboratório de Ultraestrutura, Centro de Pesquisa Aggeu Magalhães (FIOCRUZ), 50.740-465 Recife, PE, Brazil
- 2Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50.670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Ana Garcia-Osta
- 3Neurobiology of Alzheimer's disease, Neurosciences Division, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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Zhang RL, Chopp M, Roberts C, Liu X, Wei M, Nejad-Davarani SP, Wang X, Zhang ZG. Stroke increases neural stem cells and angiogenesis in the neurogenic niche of the adult mouse. PLoS One 2014; 9:e113972. [PMID: 25437857 PMCID: PMC4250076 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The unique cellular and vascular architecture of the adult ventricular-subventricular zone (V/SVZ) neurogenic niche plays an important role in regulating neural stem cell function. However, the in vivo identification of neural stem cells and their relationship to blood vessels within this niche in response to stroke remain largely unknown. Using whole-mount preparation of the lateral ventricle wall, we examined the architecture of neural stem cells and blood vessels in the V/SVZ of adult mouse over the course of 3 months after onset of focal cerebral ischemia. Stroke substantially increased the number of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) positive neural stem cells that are in contact with the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) via their apical processes at the center of pinwheel structures formed by ependymal cells residing in the lateral ventricle. Long basal processes of these cells extended to blood vessels beneath the ependymal layer. Moreover, stroke increased V/SVZ endothelial cell proliferation from 2% in non-ischemic mice to 12 and 15% at 7 and 14 days after stroke, respectively. Vascular volume in the V/SVZ was augmented from 3% of the total volume prior to stroke to 6% at 90 days after stroke. Stroke-increased angiogenesis was closely associated with neuroblasts that expanded to nearly encompass the entire lateral ventricular wall in the V/SVZ. These data indicate that stroke induces long-term alterations of the neural stem cell and vascular architecture of the adult V/SVZ neurogenic niche. These post-stroke structural changes may provide insight into neural stem cell mediation of stroke-induced neurogenesis through the interaction of neural stem cells with proteins in the CSF and their sub-ependymal neurovascular interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Lan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Michael Chopp
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Cynthia Roberts
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Xianshuang Liu
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Min Wei
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | | | - Xinli Wang
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Zheng Gang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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45
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Detante O, Jaillard A, Moisan A, Barbieux M, Favre I, Garambois K, Hommel M, Remy C. Biotherapies in stroke. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2014; 170:779-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2014.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Revised: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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46
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Carreira BP, Morte MI, Santos AI, Lourenço AS, Ambrósio AF, Carvalho CM, Araújo IM. Nitric oxide from inflammatory origin impairs neural stem cell proliferation by inhibiting epidermal growth factor receptor signaling. Front Cell Neurosci 2014; 8:343. [PMID: 25389386 PMCID: PMC4211408 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2014.00343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is characterized by activation of microglial cells, followed by production of nitric oxide (NO), which may have different outcomes on neurogenesis, favoring or inhibiting this process. In the present study, we investigated how the inflammatory mediator NO can affect proliferation of neural stem cells (NSCs), and explored possible mechanisms underlying this effect. We investigated which mechanisms are involved in the regulation of NSC proliferation following treatment with an inflammatory stimulus (lipopolysaccharide plus IFN-γ), using a culture system of subventricular zone (SVZ)-derived NSCs mixed with microglia cells obtained from wild-type mice (iNOS(+/+)) or from iNOS knockout mice (iNOS(-/-)). We found an impairment of NSC cell proliferation in iNOS(+/+) mixed cultures, which was not observed in iNOS(-/-) mixed cultures. Furthermore, the increased release of NO by activated iNOS(+/+) microglial cells decreased the activation of the ERK/MAPK signaling pathway, which was concomitant with an enhanced nitration of the EGF receptor. Preventing nitrogen reactive species formation with MnTBAP, a scavenger of peroxynitrite (ONOO(-)), or using the ONOO(-) degradation catalyst FeTMPyP, cell proliferation and ERK signaling were restored to basal levels in iNOS(+/+) mixed cultures. Moreover, exposure to the NO donor NOC-18 (100 μM), for 48 h, inhibited SVZ-derived NSC proliferation. Regarding the antiproliferative effect of NO, we found that NOC-18 caused the impairment of signaling through the ERK/MAPK pathway, which may be related to increased nitration of the EGF receptor in NSC. Using MnTBAP nitration was prevented, maintaining ERK signaling, rescuing NSC proliferation. We show that NO from inflammatory origin leads to a decreased function of the EGF receptor, which compromised proliferation of NSC. We also demonstrated that NO-mediated nitration of the EGF receptor caused a decrease in its phosphorylation, thus preventing regular proliferation signaling through the ERK/MAPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno P Carreira
- Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria I Morte
- Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana I Santos
- Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra Coimbra, Portugal ; Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, University of Algarve Faro, Portugal ; Centre for Molecular and Structural Biomedicine, CBME/IBB, University of Algarve Faro, Portugal
| | - Ana S Lourenço
- Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra Coimbra, Portugal ; Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, University of Algarve Faro, Portugal ; Centre for Molecular and Structural Biomedicine, CBME/IBB, University of Algarve Faro, Portugal
| | - António F Ambrósio
- Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra Coimbra, Portugal ; Centre of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Caetana M Carvalho
- Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Inês M Araújo
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, University of Algarve Faro, Portugal ; Centre for Molecular and Structural Biomedicine, CBME/IBB, University of Algarve Faro, Portugal
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Merson TD, Bourne JA. Endogenous neurogenesis following ischaemic brain injury: insights for therapeutic strategies. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2014; 56:4-19. [PMID: 25128862 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2014.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Revised: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Ischaemic stroke is among the most common yet most intractable types of central nervous system (CNS) injury in the adult human population. In the acute stages of disease, neurons in the ischaemic lesion rapidly die and other neuronal populations in the ischaemic penumbra are vulnerable to secondary injury. Multiple parallel approaches are being investigated to develop neuroprotective, reparative and regenerative strategies for the treatment of stroke. Accumulating evidence indicates that cerebral ischaemia initiates an endogenous regenerative response within the adult brain that potentiates adult neurogenesis from populations of neural stem and progenitor cells. A major research focus has been to understand the cellular and molecular mechanisms that underlie the potentiation of adult neurogenesis and to appreciate how interventions designed to modulate these processes could enhance neural regeneration in the post-ischaemic brain. In this review, we highlight recent advances over the last 5 years that help unravel the cellular and molecular mechanisms that potentiate endogenous neurogenesis following cerebral ischaemia and are dissecting the functional importance of this regenerative mechanism following brain injury. This article is part of a Directed Issue entitled: Regenerative Medicine: the challenge of translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias D Merson
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Kenneth Myer Building, 30 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
| | - James A Bourne
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Building 75, Level 1 North STRIP 1, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
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Orejana L, Barros-Miñones L, Jordan J, Cedazo-Minguez A, Tordera RM, Aguirre N, Puerta E. Sildenafil Decreases BACE1 and Cathepsin B Levels and Reduces APP Amyloidogenic Processing in the SAMP8 Mouse. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2014; 70:675-85. [DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glu106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 06/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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Charriaut-Marlangue C, Nguyen T, Bonnin P, Duy AP, Leger PL, Csaba Z, Pansiot J, Bourgeois T, Renolleau S, Baud O. Sildenafil mediates blood-flow redistribution and neuroprotection after neonatal hypoxia-ischemia. Stroke 2014; 45:850-6. [PMID: 24473179 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.113.003606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The best conceivable treatment for hypoxia-ischemia (HI) is the restoration of blood flow to the hypoxic-ischemic region(s). Our objective was to examine whether boosting NO-cGMP signaling using sildenafil citrate, a phosphodiesterase-type 5 inhibitor, could modify cerebral blood flow and reduce lesions in the developing brain. METHODS HI was induced in P7 Sprague-Dawley rats by unilateral carotid artery occlusion and hypoxia, and followed by either PBS or sildenafil. Blood-flow velocities were measured by ultrasound imaging with sequential Doppler recordings to evaluate collateral recruitment. Cell death, blood-brain barrier integrity, and glial activation were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Motor behavior was evaluated using an open-field device adapted to neonatal animals. RESULTS Sildenafil citrate (10 mg/kg) induced collateral patency, reduced terminal dUTP nick-end labeling-positive cells, reactive astrogliosis, and macrophage/microglial activation at 72 hours and 7 days post-HI. Sildenafil also reduced the number of terminal dUTP nick-end labeling-positive endothelial cells within lesion site. Seven days after HI and sildenafil treatment, tissue loss was significantly reduced, and animals recovered motor coordination. CONCLUSIONS Our findings strongly indicate that sildenafil citrate treatment, associated with a significant increase in cerebral blood flow, reduces HI damage and improves motor locomotion in neonatal rats. Sildenafil may represent an interesting therapeutic strategy for neonatal neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Charriaut-Marlangue
- From the Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM U1141, Paris, France (C.C.-M., T.N., A.P.D., P.-L.L., Z.C., J.P., T.B., O.B.); PremUP Foundation, Paris, France (C.C.-M., P.-L.L., J.P., O.B.); Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, AP-HP, Hôpital Lariboisière, Physiologie clinique - Explorations Fonctionnelles, Paris, France (P.B.); Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM, U965, Paris, France (P.B.); UPMC, Paris Universitas, AP-HP, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Service de Réanimation, pédiatrique, Paris, France (S.R.); and Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, AP-HP Service de Réanimation et Pédiatrie Néonatales, Hôpital Robert Debré, Paris, France (O.B.)
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Stimulation of neural stem cell proliferation by inhibition of phosphodiesterase 5. Stem Cells Int 2014; 2014:878397. [PMID: 24550991 PMCID: PMC3914480 DOI: 10.1155/2014/878397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Revised: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 11/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The involvement of nitric oxide (NO) and cyclic GMP (cGMP) in neurogenesis has been progressively unmasked over the last decade. Phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) specifically degrades cGMP and is highly abundant in the mammalian brain. Inhibition of cGMP hydrolysis by blocking PDE5 is a possible strategy to enhance the first step of neurogenesis, proliferation of neural stem cells (NSC). In this work, we have studied the effect on cell proliferation of 3 inhibitors with different selectivity and potency for PDE5, T0156, sildenafil, and zaprinast, using subventricular zone-(SVZ-) derived NSC cultures. We observed that a short- (6 h) or a long-term (24 h) treatment with PDE5 inhibitors increased SVZ-derived NSC proliferation. Cell proliferation induced by PDE5 inhibitors was dependent on the activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and was abolished by inhibitors of MAPK signaling, soluble guanylyl cyclase, and protein kinase G. Moreover, sildenafil neither activated ERK1/2 nor altered p27Kip1 levels, suggesting the involvement of pathways different from those activated by T0156 or zaprinast. In agreement with the present results, PDE5 inhibitors may be an interesting therapeutic approach for enhancing the proliferation stage of adult neurogenesis.
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