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Liu Z, Guo Y, Zheng C. Type 2 diabetes mellitus related sarcopenia: a type of muscle loss distinct from sarcopenia and disuse muscle atrophy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1375610. [PMID: 38854688 PMCID: PMC11157032 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1375610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Muscle loss is a significant health concern, particularly with the increasing trend of population aging, and sarcopenia has emerged as a common pathological process of muscle loss in the elderly. Currently, there has been significant progress in the research on sarcopenia, including in-depth analysis of the mechanisms underlying sarcopenia caused by aging and the development of corresponding diagnostic criteria, forming a relatively complete system. However, as research on sarcopenia progresses, the concept of secondary sarcopenia has also been proposed. Due to the incomplete understanding of muscle loss caused by chronic diseases, there are various limitations in epidemiological, basic, and clinical research. As a result, a comprehensive concept and diagnostic system have not yet been established, which greatly hinders the prevention and treatment of the disease. This review focuses on Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM)-related sarcopenia, comparing its similarities and differences with sarcopenia and disuse muscle atrophy. The review show significant differences between the three muscle-related issues in terms of pathological changes, epidemiology and clinical manifestations, etiology, and preventive and therapeutic strategies. Unlike sarcopenia, T2DM-related sarcopenia is characterized by a reduction in type I fibers, and it differs from disuse muscle atrophy as well. The mechanism involving insulin resistance, inflammatory status, and oxidative stress remains unclear. Therefore, future research should further explore the etiology, disease progression, and prognosis of T2DM-related sarcopenia, and develop targeted diagnostic criteria and effective preventive and therapeutic strategies to better address the muscle-related issues faced by T2DM patients and improve their quality of life and overall health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenchao Liu
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yunliang Guo
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Chongwen Zheng
- Department of Neurology, The 2 Affiliated Hospital of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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2
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Fisker FA, Voss TS, Svart MV, Kampmann U, Vendelbo MH, Bengtsen MB, Lauritzen ES, Møller N, Jessen N. Insulin Signaling Is Preserved in Skeletal Muscle During Early Diabetic Ketoacidosis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023; 109:e155-e162. [PMID: 37554078 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS During diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), muscle tissue develops a profound insulin resistance that complicates reversal of this potentially lethal condition. We have investigated mediators of insulin action in human skeletal muscle during total insulin withdrawal in patients with type 1 diabetes, under the hypothesis that initial phases of DKA are associated with impaired postreceptor signaling. MATERIALS AND METHODS Muscle biopsies were obtained during a randomized, controlled, crossover trial involving 9 patients with type 1 diabetes. The subjects were investigated during a high-dose insulin clamp preceded by either: (1) insulin-controlled euglycemia (control) or (2) total insulin withdrawal for 14 hours. Insulin action in skeletal muscle and whole-body substrate metabolism were investigated using western blot analysis and indirect calorimetry respectively. RESULTS During insulin withdrawal, insulin-stimulated dephosphorylation of glycogen synthase decreased by ∼30% (P < .05) compared with the control situation. This was associated with a decrease in glucose oxidation by ∼30% (P < .05). Despite alterations in glucose metabolism, insulin transduction to glucose transport and protein synthesis (Akt, AS160, mammalian target of rapamycin, and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E binding protein) was intact, and glucose transporter (GLUT4) and mitochondrial proteins (succinate dehydrogenase complex, subunit A and prohibitin 1) protein expression were unaffected by the intervention. CONCLUSION DKA impairs insulin-stimulated activation of glycogen synthase, whereas insulin signal transduction to glucose transport and protein synthesis remains intact. Reversal of insulin resistance during treatment of DKA should target postreceptor mediators of glucose uptake. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT02077348.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederikke A Fisker
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Thomas S Voss
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Mads V Svart
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Ulla Kampmann
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Mikkel H Vendelbo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Mads B Bengtsen
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Esben S Lauritzen
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Niels Møller
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Niels Jessen
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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Chai J, Long X, Wu P, Wang J, Wu X, Tu Z, Wei M, Guo Z, Zhang T, Chen L. Lactobacillus sp. participated in the adaptation of Rongchang piglets to cold stress. VET MED-CZECH 2023; 68:392-402. [PMID: 38028206 PMCID: PMC10666660 DOI: 10.17221/54/2023-vetmed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Rongchang piglets were easily induced to cold stress and diarrhoea in the winter when raised in an open hog house. However, they also gradually recovered under mid-cold stress. Other studies have suggested gut microbiome might be involved in the host energy metabolism to relieve stress. To study how to adapt Rongchang piglets to cold stress by gut microbiome, thirty Rongchang piglets were randomly divided into a mild cold stress group and a control group for 30 consecutive days. The findings revealed that the piglets had low growth performance and a high diarrhoea rate and mortality rate during the first half of the cold treatment, but subsequently stabilised. The level of cortisol (COR) also displayed a similar trend. In the mild cold stress group, the relative abundance of Muribaculaceae significantly increased on day 15, and the predominant bacterial on day 30 was Lactobacillus sp. Our results indicated that the Rongchang piglet's production performance and health were impaired at the start of the mild cold stress. However, as time passed, the body could progressively adapt to the low temperature, and Lactobacillus sp. participated in this process. This study provides new insight into how to alleviate health damage caused by cold stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chai
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Chong Qing, Rongchang, P.R. China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Pigs, Chong Qing, Rongchang, P.R. China
| | - Xi Long
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Chong Qing, Rongchang, P.R. China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Pigs, Chong Qing, Rongchang, P.R. China
| | - Pingxian Wu
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Chong Qing, Rongchang, P.R. China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Pigs, Chong Qing, Rongchang, P.R. China
| | - Jinyong Wang
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Chong Qing, Rongchang, P.R. China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Pigs, Chong Qing, Rongchang, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoqian Wu
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Chong Qing, Rongchang, P.R. China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Pigs, Chong Qing, Rongchang, P.R. China
| | - Zhi Tu
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Chong Qing, Rongchang, P.R. China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Pigs, Chong Qing, Rongchang, P.R. China
| | - Minghong Wei
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Chong Qing, Rongchang, P.R. China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Pigs, Chong Qing, Rongchang, P.R. China
| | - Zongyi Guo
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Chong Qing, Rongchang, P.R. China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Pigs, Chong Qing, Rongchang, P.R. China
| | - Tinghuan Zhang
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Chong Qing, Rongchang, P.R. China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Pigs, Chong Qing, Rongchang, P.R. China
| | - Li Chen
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Chong Qing, Rongchang, P.R. China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Pigs, Chong Qing, Rongchang, P.R. China
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Leszczyńska D, Szatko A, Papierska L, Zgliczyński W, Glinicki P. Musculoskeletal complications of Cushing syndrome. Reumatologia 2023; 61:271-282. [PMID: 37745145 PMCID: PMC10515123 DOI: 10.5114/reum/169889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Prolonged exposure to an excess of glucocorticosteroids (GCs), both endogenous and exogenous, leads to a wide range of comorbidities, including cardiovascular, metabolic, psychiatric, and musculoskeletal disorders. The latter comprise osteopenia and osteoporosis leading to skeletal fractures and myopathy. Although endogenous hypercortisolemia is a rare disorder, GCs are among the most frequently prescribed drugs, often administered chronically and despite multiple side effects, impossible to taper off due to therapeutic reasons. The pathophysiology of the effect of GC excess on bone often leads to fractures despite normal or low-normal bone mineral density and it includes direct (mainly disturbance in bone formation processes, through inactivation of the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway) and indirect mechanisms (through suppressing the gonadal and somatotrophic axis, and also through antagonizing vitamin D actions). Glucocorticosteroid-induced fast-twitch, glycolytic muscles atrophy occurs due to increased protein catabolism and impaired synthesis. Protein degradation is a result of activation of the ubiquitin proteasome and the lysosomes stimulated through overexpression of several atrogenes (such as FOXO-1 and atrogin-1). This review will discuss pathophysiology, clinical presentation, prevention, and management of GC-induced osteoporosis (including calcium and vitamin D supplementation, and bisphosphonates) and myopathy associated with GC excess.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Leszczyńska
- Department of Endocrinology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Bielanski Hospital, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Alicja Szatko
- Department of Endocrinology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Bielanski Hospital, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lucyna Papierska
- Department of Endocrinology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Bielanski Hospital, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wojciech Zgliczyński
- Department of Endocrinology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Bielanski Hospital, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Glinicki
- Department of Endocrinology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Bielanski Hospital, Warsaw, Poland
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5
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Suvorov A. Modalities of aging in organisms with different strategies of resource allocation. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 82:101770. [PMID: 36330930 PMCID: PMC10435286 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Although the progress of aging research relies heavily on a theoretical framework, today there is no consensus on many critical questions in aging biology. I hypothesize that a systematic analysis of the intersection of different evolutionary mechanisms of aging with diverse resource allocation strategies in different organisms may reconcile aging hypotheses. The application of disposable soma, mutation accumulation, antagonistic pleiotropy, and life-history theory is considered across organisms with asexual reproduction, organisms with sexual reproduction and indeterminate growth in different conditions of extrinsic mortality, and organisms with determinate growth, with endotherms/homeotherms as a subgroup. This review demonstrates that different aging mechanisms are complementary to each other, and in organisms with different resource allocation strategies they form aging modalities ranging from immortality to suicidal programs. It also revamps the role of growth arrest in aging. Growth arrest evolved in many different groups of organisms as a result of resource reallocation from growth to reproduction (e.g., semelparous animals, holometabolic insects), or from growth to nutrient storage (endotherms/homeotherms). Growth arrest in different animal lineages has similar molecular mechanisms and similar consequences for longevity due to the conflict between growth-promoting and growth-suppressing programs and suppression of regenerative capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Suvorov
- Environmental Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst 240B Goessmann, 686 Noth Pleasant Str., Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
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6
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Fowden AL, Vaughan OR, Murray AJ, Forhead AJ. Metabolic Consequences of Glucocorticoid Exposure before Birth. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14112304. [PMID: 35684104 PMCID: PMC9182938 DOI: 10.3390/nu14112304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids have an important role in development of the metabolic phenotype in utero. They act as environmental and maturational signals in adapting feto-placental metabolism to maximize the chances of survival both before and at birth. They influence placental nutrient handling and fetal metabolic processes to support fetal growth, fuel storage and energy production with respect to nutrient availability. More specifically, they regulate the transport, utilization and production of a range of nutrients by the feto-placental tissues that enables greater metabolic flexibility in utero while minimizing any further drain on maternal resources during periods of stress. Near term, the natural rise in fetal glucocorticoid concentrations also stimulates key metabolic adaptations that prepare tissues for the new energy demanding functions after birth. Glucocorticoids, therefore, have a central role in the metabolic communication between the mother, placenta and fetus that optimizes offspring metabolic phenotype for survival to reproductive age. This review discusses the effects of maternal and fetal glucocorticoids on the supply and utilization of nutrients by the feto-placental tissues with particular emphasis on studies using quantitative methods to assess metabolism in rodents and sheep in vivo during late pregnancy. It considers the routes of glucocorticoid overexposure in utero, including experimental administration of synthetic glucocorticoids, and the mechanisms by which these hormones control feto-placental metabolism at the molecular, cellular and systems levels. It also briefly examines the consequences of intrauterine glucocorticoid overexposure for postnatal metabolic health and the generational inheritance of metabolic phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail L. Fowden
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK; (A.J.M.); (A.J.F.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Owen R. Vaughan
- EGA Institute for Women’s Health, University College London, London WC1E 6HX, UK;
| | - Andrew J. Murray
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK; (A.J.M.); (A.J.F.)
| | - Alison J. Forhead
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK; (A.J.M.); (A.J.F.)
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 0BP, UK
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7
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Monotropein Improves Dexamethasone-Induced Muscle Atrophy via the AKT/mTOR/FOXO3a Signaling Pathways. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14091859. [PMID: 35565825 PMCID: PMC9103778 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the effects of monotropein (MON) on improving dexamethasone (DEX)-induced muscle atrophy in mice and C2C12 mouse skeletal muscle cells. The body weights, grip strengths, and muscle weights of mice were assessed. The histological change in the gastrocnemius tissues was also observed through H&E staining. The expression of myosin heavy chain (MyHC), muscle ring finger 1 (MuRF1), and muscle atrophy F-box (Atrogin1) and the phosphorylation of AKT, mTOR, and FOXO3a in the muscle tissues of mice and C2C12 myotubes were analyzed using Western blotting. MON improved muscle atrophy in mice and C2C12 myotubes by regulating catabolic states via the AKT/mTOR/FOXO3a signaling pathways, and enhanced muscle function by the increases of muscle mass and strength in mice. This suggests that MON could be used for the prevention and treatment of muscle atrophy in patients.
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8
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Glucocorticoid Regulates the Synthesis of Porcine Muscle Protein through m 6A Modified Amino Acid Transporter SLC7A7. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020661. [PMID: 35054897 PMCID: PMC8775876 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of stress is unavoidable in the process of livestock production, and prolonged stress will cause the decrease of livestock productivity. The stress response is mainly regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA axis), which produces a large amount of stress hormones, namely glucocorticoids (GCs), and generates a severe impact on the energy metabolism of the animal body. It is reported that m6A modification plays an important role in the regulation of stress response and also participates in the process of muscle growth and development. In this study, we explored the effect of GCs on the protein synthesis procession of porcine skeletal muscle cells (PSCs). We prove that dexamethasone affects the expression of SLC7A7, a main amino acid transporter for protein synthesis by affecting the level of m6A modification in PSCs. In addition, we find that SLC7A7 affects the level of PSC protein synthesis by regulating the conduction of the mTOR signaling pathway, which indicates that the reduction of SLC7A7 expression may alleviate the level of protein synthesis under stress conditions.
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9
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Fowden AL, Forhead AJ. Endocrine regulation of fetal metabolism towards term. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2022; 78:106657. [PMID: 34525421 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2021.106657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Hormones have an important role in regulating fetal metabolism in relation to the prevailing nutritional conditions both in late gestation and during the prepartum period as the fetus prepares for birth. In particular, the pancreatic, thyroid and adrenal hormones all affect fetal uptake and utilization of nutrients for oxidative metabolism, tissue accretion and fuel storage. These hormones also influence the fetal metabolic preparations for the nutritional transition from intra- to extra-uterine life. This review discusses the role of insulin, glucagon, thyroxine, tri-iodothyronine, cortisol and the catecholamines in these processes during normal intrauterine conditions and in response to maternal undernutrition with particular emphasis on the sheep fetus. It also considers the metabolic interactions between these hormones and their role in the maturation of key tissues, such as the liver, skeletal muscle and adipose tissue, in readiness for their new metabolic functions after birth. Endocrine regulation of fetal metabolism is shown to be multifactorial and dynamic with a central role in optimizing metabolic fitness for survival both in utero and at birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail L Fowden
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, UK.
| | - Alison J Forhead
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, UK; Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 0BP, UK
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10
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Liu Y, Ding Q, Guo W. Life Course Impact of Glucocorticoids During Pregnancy on Muscle Development and Function. FRONTIERS IN ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021; 2. [PMID: 36325303 PMCID: PMC9624510 DOI: 10.3389/fanim.2021.788930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal stress, such as maternal obesity, can induce severe gestational disease and hormonal disorder which may disrupt fetal organ maturation and further cause endangered early or future health in offspring. During fetal development, glucocorticoids are essential for the maturation of organ systems. For instance, in clinical applications, glucocorticoids are commonly utilized to pregnant women with the risk of preterm delivery to reduce mortality of the newborns. However, exposure of excessive glucocorticoids at embryonic and fetal developmental stages can cause diseases such as cardiovascular disease and muscle atrophy in adulthood. Effects of excessive glucocorticoids on human health are well-recognized and extensively studied. Nonetheless, effects of these hormones on farm animal growth and development, particularly on prenatal muscle development, and postnatal growth, did not attract much attention until the last decade. Here, we provided a short review of the recent progress relating to the effect of glucocorticoids on prenatal skeletal muscle development and postnatal muscle growth as well as heart muscle development and cardiovascular disease during life course.
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Grilo LF, Tocantins C, Diniz MS, Gomes RM, Oliveira PJ, Matafome P, Pereira SP. Metabolic Disease Programming: From Mitochondria to Epigenetics, Glucocorticoid Signalling and Beyond. Eur J Clin Invest 2021; 51:e13625. [PMID: 34060076 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Embryonic and foetal development are critical periods of development in which several environmental cues determine health and disease in adulthood. Maternal conditions and an unfavourable intrauterine environment impact foetal development and may programme the offspring for increased predisposition to metabolic diseases and other chronic pathologic conditions throughout adult life. Previously, non-communicable chronic diseases were only associated with genetics and lifestyle. Now the origins of non-communicable chronic diseases are associated with early-life adaptations that produce long-term dysfunction. Early-life environment sets the long-term health and disease risk and can span through multiple generations. Recent research in developmental programming aims at identifying the molecular mechanisms responsible for developmental programming outcomes that impact cellular physiology and trigger adulthood disease. The identification of new therapeutic targets can improve offspring's health management and prevent or overcome adverse consequences of foetal programming. This review summarizes recent biomedical discoveries in the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) hypothesis and highlight possible developmental programming mechanisms, including prenatal structural defects, metabolic (mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, protein modification), epigenetic and glucocorticoid signalling-related mechanisms suggesting molecular clues for the causes and consequences of programming of increased susceptibility of offspring to metabolic disease after birth. Identifying mechanisms involved in DOHaD can contribute to early interventions in pregnancy or early childhood, to re-set the metabolic homeostasis and break the chain of subsequent events that could lead to the development of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís F Grilo
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB - Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,PhD Programme in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine (PDBEB), Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carolina Tocantins
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB - Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Mariana S Diniz
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB - Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rodrigo Mello Gomes
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Paulo J Oliveira
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB - Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paulo Matafome
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR) and Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra, Portugal.,Department of Complementary Sciences, Instituto Politécnico de Coimbra, Coimbra Health School (ESTeSC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Susana P Pereira
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB - Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Laboratory of Metabolism and Exercise (LametEx), Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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12
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Yin M, Zhang H, Liu Q, Ding F, Deng Y, Hou L, Wang H, Yue J, He Y. Diagnostic Performance of Clinical Laboratory Indicators With Sarcopenia: Results From the West China Health and Aging Trend Study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:785045. [PMID: 34956096 PMCID: PMC8702640 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.785045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcopenia is an age-related and skeletal muscle disorder involving the loss of muscle mass or strength, and physiological function. Although the diagnostic indicators used in the different guidelines are for muscle mass, strength and physical performance, there are currently no uniform diagnostic criteria. Therefore, we aimed to explore the relationship between a series of biomarkers with sarcopenia in southwest China. METHODS We included 4302 patients from West China Health and Aging Trend (WCHAT) study. Sarcopenia was defined according to the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia: 2019 Consensus Update on Sarcopenia Diagnosis and Treatment. Thyroxine、albumin、total protein、prealbumin、albumin to globulin ratio (A/G)、25(OH)VD、fasting insulin、adrenal cortisol、triglyceride、high-density lipoprotein、hemoglobin and aspartate aminotransferase to alanine aminotransferase ratio (AST/ALT) were measured. The receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC) were established to describe the predictive value for sarcopenia and we also used multivariate logistic regression analysis to identify risk factors of the disease. RESULTS In terms of protein state, patients with sarcopenia had lower value in total protein, albumin, prealbumin, A/G than the control (P<0.001). Patients had lower value in triglyceride but higher value in high-density lipoprotein compared with the healthy in the indicators of lipid metabolism (P<0.001). In the aspect of hormone state, patients had lower free triiodothyronine, fasting insulin but higher free tetraiodothyronine and adrenal cortisol than the healthy (P<0.001). The fasting insulin level (AUC=0.686) and the AST/ALT ratio (AUC=0.682) were the best predictors of sarcopenia among biomarkers. The diagnostic performance of fasting insulin combined with the AST/ALT ratio (AUC=0.720) is equal to multiple indicators (AUC=0.742). CONCLUSION The fasting insulin combined with the AST/ALT ratio exhibits good diagnostic performance for sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengting Yin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - He Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qianhui Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fei Ding
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yiping Deng
- Department of Geriatrics and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lisha Hou
- Department of Geriatrics and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Geriatrics and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jirong Yue
- Department of Geriatrics and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Jirong Yue, ; Yong He,
| | - Yong He
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Jirong Yue, ; Yong He,
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13
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Ward SA, Kirkwood RN, Plush KJ. Administering dexamethasone to prepartum sows: Effects on sow and piglet performance. Livest Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2020.104171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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14
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Protective Effect of Pyropia yezoensis Peptide on Dexamethasone-Induced Myotube Atrophy in C2C12 Myotubes. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17050284. [PMID: 31083497 PMCID: PMC6563069 DOI: 10.3390/md17050284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dexamethasone (DEX), a synthetic glucocorticoid, causes skeletal muscle atrophy. This study examined the protective effects of Pyropia yezoensis peptide (PYP15) against DEX-induced myotube atrophy and its association with insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and the Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)-forkhead box O (FoxO) signaling pathway. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of PYP15 on DEX-induced myotube atrophy, C2C12 myotubes were treated for 24 h with 100 μM DEX in the presence or absence of 500 ng/mL PYP15. Cell viability assays revealed no PYP15 toxicity in C2C12 myotubes. PYP15 activated the insulin-like growth factor-I receptor (IGF-IR) and Akt-mTORC1 signaling pathway in DEX-induced myotube atrophy. In addition, PYP15 markedly downregulated the nuclear translocation of transcription factors FoxO1 and FoxO3a, and inhibited 20S proteasome activity. Furthermore, PYP15 inhibited the autophagy-lysosomal pathway in DEX-stimulated myotube atrophy. Our findings suggest that PYP15 treatment protected against myotube atrophy by regulating IGF-I and the Akt-mTORC1-FoxO signaling pathway in skeletal muscle. Therefore, PYP15 treatment appears to exert protective effects against skeletal muscle atrophy.
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15
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Sydney GI, Ioakim KJ, Paschou SA. Insulin resistance and adrenal incidentalomas: A bidirectional relationship. Maturitas 2018; 121:1-6. [PMID: 30704559 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
An adrenal incidentaloma (AI) is an adrenal mass incidentally found via a radiological modality, independent of an endocrinological investigation. In this review, we aimed to investigate the possible reasons behind the increased frequency in AI detection, especially in ageing populations. The pathophysiological effects of insulin resistance (IR), hyperinsulinemia and various anabolic pathways are analyzed. In addition, we review data from studies indicating an increased incidence of adrenal adenomas and carcinomas in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The establishment of obesity as a global epidemic, with a higher prevalence in the female than in the male population, coincide with data regarding AIs and the conditions may share a pathophysiological basis. Furthermore, we discuss the bidirectional association of AIs with obesity, insulin resistance and T2DM, especially in patients with autonomous cortisol secretion. Lastly, as per the definition of an AI, we touch upon the evolution of radiological imaging as another possible cause of the rise in prevalence of AIs, especially concerning the greater use and precision of computed tomography (CT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy I Sydney
- School of Medicine, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | | | - Stavroula A Paschou
- School of Medicine, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus; Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, "Aghia Sophia" Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
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16
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Friedman JE. Developmental Programming of Obesity and Diabetes in Mouse, Monkey, and Man in 2018: Where Are We Headed? Diabetes 2018; 67:2137-2151. [PMID: 30348820 PMCID: PMC6198344 DOI: 10.2337/dbi17-0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Childhood obesity and its comorbidities continue to accelerate across the globe. Two-thirds of pregnant women are obese/overweight, as are 20% of preschoolers. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is escalating, affecting up to 1 in 5 pregnant women. The field of developmental origins of health and disease has begun to move beyond associations to potential causal mechanisms for developmental programming. Evidence across species compellingly demonstrates that maternal obesity, diabetes, and Western-style diets create a long-lasting signature on multiple systems, including infant stem cells, the early immune system, and gut microbiota. Such exposures accelerate adipogenesis, disrupt mitochondrial metabolism, and impair energy sensing, affecting neurodevelopment, liver, pancreas, and skeletal muscle. Attempts to prevent developmental programming have met with very limited success. A challenging level of complexity is involved in how the host genome, metabolome, and microbiome throughout pregnancy and lactation increase the offspring's risk of metabolic diseases across the life span. Considerable gaps in knowledge include the timing of exposure(s) and permanence or plasticity of the response, encompassing effects from both maternal and paternal dysmetabolism. Basic, translational, and human intervention studies targeting pathways that connect diet, microbiota, and metabolism in mothers with obesity/GDM and their infants are a critical unmet need and present new challenges for disease prevention in the next generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob E Friedman
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics; Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Diabetes, Department of Medicine; and Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
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17
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Jonker SS, Kamna D, LoTurco D, Kailey J, Brown LD. IUGR impairs cardiomyocyte growth and maturation in fetal sheep. J Endocrinol 2018; 239:253-265. [PMID: 30143557 PMCID: PMC6510659 DOI: 10.1530/joe-18-0382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Placental insufficiency causes intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), a common complication of pregnancy. In skeletal muscle, IUGR reduces fetal myofibril size, reduces myoblast proliferation and reduces expression of genes in cell cycle regulation clusters. The myocardium is striated like skeletal muscle, and IUGR also reduces cell cycle activity and maturation in cardiomyocytes, despite cardiac output preferentially directed to the coronary circulation. We hypothesized that cardiomyocyte growth restriction would be accompanied by similar changes in cell cycle regulation genes and would reduce cardiomyocyte cell cycle activity, number, maturity and size. Pregnant ewes were housed in elevated ambient temperatures from ~40 to ~115 days of gestation (dGA) to produce placental insufficiency and IUGR; fetal hearts were studied at ~134 dGA. Hearts were biopsied for mRNA analysis and then dissociated into individual myocytes (Control n = 8; IUGR n = 15) or dissected (Control n = 9; IUGR n = 13). IUGR fetuses had low circulating insulin and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) and high circulating cortisol. Bodies and hearts of IUGR fetuses were lighter than those of Controls. Cardiomyocytes of IUGR fetuses were smaller, less mature, less active in the cell cycle and less numerous than in Controls. Further, there was a pattern of downregulation of cell cycle genes in IUGR ventricles. IUGR growth profiles in heart and skeletal muscle suggest similar regulation despite differences in blood and nutrient delivery prioritization. IGF1 signaling is suggested as a mechanism regulating altered growth in IUGR striated muscle and a potential therapeutic candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonnet S Jonker
- Center for Developmental Health, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Daniel Kamna
- Center for Developmental Health, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Dan LoTurco
- Department of Pediatrics, Perinatal Research Center, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Jenai Kailey
- Department of Pediatrics, Perinatal Research Center, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Laura D Brown
- Department of Pediatrics, Perinatal Research Center, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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18
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Pyropia yezoensis Protein Supplementation Prevents Dexamethasone-Induced Muscle Atrophy in C57BL/6 Mice. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:md16090328. [PMID: 30208614 PMCID: PMC6163250 DOI: 10.3390/md16090328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the protective effects of Pyropia yezoensis crude protein (PYCP) against dexamethasone (DEX)-induced myotube atrophy and its underlying mechanisms. DEX (3 mg/kg body weight, intraperitoneal injection) and PYCP (150 and 300 mg/kg body weight, oral) were administrated to mice for 18 days, and the effects of PYCP on DEX-induced muscle atrophy were evaluated. Body weight, calf thickness, and gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior muscle weight were significantly decreased by DEX administration (p < 0.05), while PYCP supplementation effectively prevented the DEX-induced decrease in body weight, calf thickness, and muscle weight. PYCP supplementation also attenuated the DEX-induced increase in serum glucose, creatine kinase, and lactate dehydrogenase levels. Additionally, PYCP supplementation reversed DEX-induced muscle atrophy via the regulation of the insulin-like growth factor-I/protein kinase B/rapamycin-sensitive mTOR complex I/forkhead box O signaling pathway. The mechanistic investigation revealed that PYCP inhibited the ubiquitin-proteasome and autophagy-lysosome pathways in DEX-administrated C57BL/6 mice. These findings demonstrated that PYCP increased protein synthesis and decreased protein breakdown to prevent muscle atrophy. Therefore, PYCP supplementation appears to be useful for preventing muscle atrophy.
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19
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Mahzabin T, Pillow JJ, Pinniger GJ, Bakker AJ, Noble PB, White RB, Karisnan K, Song Y. Influence of antenatal glucocorticoid on preterm lamb diaphragm. Pediatr Res 2017; 82:509-517. [PMID: 28388600 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2017.99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BackgroundPregnant women at a high risk of preterm delivery receive glucocorticoids to accelerate fetal lung maturation and surfactant synthesis. However, the effect of antenatal steroids on the developing diaphragm remains unclear. We hypothesized that maternal betamethasone impairs the fetal diaphragm, and the magnitude of the detrimental effect increases with longer duration of exposure. We aimed to determine how different durations of fetal exposure to maternal betamethasone treatment influence the fetal diaphragm at the functional and molecular levels.MethodsDate-mated merino ewes received intramuscular injections of saline (control) or two doses of betamethasone (5.7 mg) at an interval of 24 h commencing either 2 or 14 days before delivery. Preterm lambs were killed after cesarean delivery at 121-day gestational age. In vitro contractile measurements were performed on the right hemidiaphragm, whereas molecular/cellular analyses used the left costal diaphragm.ResultsDifferent durations of fetal exposure to maternal betamethasone had no consistent effect on the protein metabolic pathway, expression of glucocorticoid receptor and its target genes, cellular oxidative status, or contractile properties of the fetal lamb diaphragm.ConclusionThese data suggest that the potential benefits of betamethasone exposure on preterm respiratory function are not compromised by impaired diaphragm function after low-dose maternal intramuscular glucocorticoid exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanzila Mahzabin
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Centre for Neonatal Research and Education, Division of Paediatrics and Child Health, Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - J Jane Pillow
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Centre for Neonatal Research and Education, Division of Paediatrics and Child Health, Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Gavin J Pinniger
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Anthony J Bakker
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Peter B Noble
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Centre for Neonatal Research and Education, Division of Paediatrics and Child Health, Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Robert B White
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Kanakeswary Karisnan
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Centre for Neonatal Research and Education, Division of Paediatrics and Child Health, Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yong Song
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Centre for Neonatal Research and Education, Division of Paediatrics and Child Health, Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Centre for Genetic Origins of Health and Disease, The University of Western Australia and Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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20
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Soto SM, Blake AC, Wesolowski SR, Rozance PJ, Barthel KB, Gao B, Hetrick B, McCurdy CE, Garza NG, Hay WW, Leinwand LA, Friedman JE, Brown LD. Myoblast replication is reduced in the IUGR fetus despite maintained proliferative capacity in vitro. J Endocrinol 2017; 232:475-491. [PMID: 28053000 PMCID: PMC5440081 DOI: 10.1530/joe-16-0123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Adults who were affected by intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) suffer from reductions in muscle mass and insulin resistance, suggesting muscle growth may be restricted by molecular events that occur during fetal development. To explore the basis of restricted fetal muscle growth, we used a sheep model of progressive placental insufficiency-induced IUGR to assess myoblast proliferation within intact skeletal muscle in vivo and isolated myoblasts stimulated with insulin in vitro Gastrocnemius and soleus muscle weights were reduced by 25% in IUGR fetuses compared to those in controls (CON). The ratio of PAX7+ nuclei (a marker of myoblasts) to total nuclei was maintained in IUGR muscle compared to CON, but the fraction of PAX7+ myoblasts that also expressed Ki-67 (a marker of cellular proliferation) was reduced by 23%. Despite reduced proliferation in vivo, fetal myoblasts isolated from IUGR biceps femoris and cultured in enriched media in vitro responded robustly to insulin in a dose- and time-dependent manner to increase proliferation. Similarly, insulin stimulation of IUGR myoblasts upregulated key cell cycle genes and DNA replication. There were no differences in the expression of myogenic regulatory transcription factors that drive commitment to muscle differentiation between CON and IUGR groups. These results demonstrate that the molecular machinery necessary for transcriptional control of proliferation remains intact in IUGR fetal myoblasts, indicating that in vivo factors such as reduced insulin and IGF1, hypoxia and/or elevated counter-regulatory hormones may be inhibiting muscle growth in IUGR fetuses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan M Soto
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Colorado School of Medicine, Perinatal Research Center, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Amy C Blake
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Colorado School of Medicine, Perinatal Research Center, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Stephanie R Wesolowski
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Colorado School of Medicine, Perinatal Research Center, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Paul J Rozance
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Colorado School of Medicine, Perinatal Research Center, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Kristen B Barthel
- Department of MolecularCellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, BioFrontiers Institute, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Bifeng Gao
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Byron Hetrick
- Department of Human PhysiologyUniversity of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA
| | - Carrie E McCurdy
- Department of Human PhysiologyUniversity of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA
| | - Natalia G Garza
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Colorado School of Medicine, Perinatal Research Center, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - William W Hay
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Colorado School of Medicine, Perinatal Research Center, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Leslie A Leinwand
- Department of MolecularCellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, BioFrontiers Institute, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Jacob E Friedman
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Colorado School of Medicine, Perinatal Research Center, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Laura D Brown
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Colorado School of Medicine, Perinatal Research Center, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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21
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Bach E, Møller AB, Jørgensen JOL, Vendelbo MH, Jessen N, Pedersen SB, Nielsen TS, Møller N. Stress hormone release is a key component of the metabolic response to lipopolysaccharide: studies in hypopituitary and healthy subjects. Eur J Endocrinol 2016; 175:455-65. [PMID: 27562403 DOI: 10.1530/eje-16-0444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Acute and chronic inflammatory and metabolic responses are generated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) during acute illness and in the pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, but whether these responses depend on intact pituitary release of hormones are not clearly identified. We compared the metabolic effects of LPS in hypopituitary patients (HPs) (in the absence of growth hormone (GH) and ACTH responses) and healthy control subjects (CTR) (with normal pituitary hormone responses). DESIGN Single-blind randomized. METHODS We compared the effects of LPS on glucose, protein and lipid metabolism in eight HP and eight matched CTR twice during 4-h basal and 2-h hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp conditions with muscle and fat biopsies in each period during infusion with saline or LPS. RESULTS LPS increased cortisol and GH levels in CTR but not in HP. Also, it increased whole-body palmitate fluxes (3-fold) and decreased palmitate-specific activity (SA) 40-50% in CTR, but not in HP. G(0)/G(1) Switch Gene 2 (G0S2 - an inhibitor of lipolysis) adipose tissue (AT) mRNA was decreased in CTR. Although LPS increased phenylalanine fluxes significantly more in CTR, there was no difference in glucose metabolism between groups and intramyocellular insulin signaling was unaltered in both groups. CONCLUSIONS LPS increased indices of lipolysis and amino acid/protein fluxes significantly more in CTR compared with HP and decreased adipocyte G0S2 mRNA only in CTR. Thus, in humans intact pituitary function and appropriate cortisol and GH release are crucial components of the metabolic response to LPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ermina Bach
- Medical Research LaboratoriesDepartment of Clinical Medicine, Incuba/Skejby, Aarhus N, Denmark Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine
| | - Andreas B Møller
- Medical Research LaboratoriesDepartment of Clinical Medicine, Incuba/Skejby, Aarhus N, Denmark Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine
| | - Jens O L Jørgensen
- Medical Research LaboratoriesDepartment of Clinical Medicine, Incuba/Skejby, Aarhus N, Denmark Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine
| | - Mikkel H Vendelbo
- Medical Research LaboratoriesDepartment of Clinical Medicine, Incuba/Skejby, Aarhus N, Denmark Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET-CentreAarhus University Hospital, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Niels Jessen
- Medical Research LaboratoriesDepartment of Clinical Medicine, Incuba/Skejby, Aarhus N, Denmark Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine
| | - Steen B Pedersen
- Medical Research LaboratoriesDepartment of Clinical Medicine, Incuba/Skejby, Aarhus N, Denmark Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine
| | - Thomas S Nielsen
- Medical Research LaboratoriesDepartment of Clinical Medicine, Incuba/Skejby, Aarhus N, Denmark Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine The Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Basic Metabolic ResearchSection on Integrative Physiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niels Møller
- Medical Research LaboratoriesDepartment of Clinical Medicine, Incuba/Skejby, Aarhus N, Denmark Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine
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22
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Altieri B, Tirabassi G, Della Casa S, Ronchi CL, Balercia G, Orio F, Pontecorvi A, Colao A, Muscogiuri G. Adrenocortical tumors and insulin resistance: What is the first step? Int J Cancer 2015; 138:2785-94. [PMID: 26637955 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The pathogenetic mechanisms underlying the onset of adrenocortical tumors (ACTs) are still largely unknown. Recently, more attention has been paid to the role of insulin and insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system on general tumor development and progression. Increased levels of insulin, IGF-1 and IGF-2 are associated with tumor cell growth and increased risk of cancer promotion and progression in patients with type 2 diabetes. Insulin resistance and compensatory hyperinsulinemia may play a role in adrenal tumor growth through the activation of insulin and IGF-1 receptors. Interestingly, apparently non-functioning ACTs are often associated with a high prevalence of insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome. However, it is unclear if ACT develops from a primary insulin resistance and compensatory hyperinsulinemia or if insulin resistance is only secondary to the slight cortisol hypersecretion by ACT. The aim of this review is to summarize the current evidence regarding the relationship between hyperinsulinemia and adrenocortical tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Altieri
- Institute of Medical Pathology, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Giacomo Tirabassi
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Umberto I Hospital, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Silvia Della Casa
- Institute of Medical Pathology, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina L Ronchi
- Endocrine and Diabetes Unit, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Giancarlo Balercia
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Umberto I Hospital, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Francesco Orio
- Department of Sports Science and Wellness, Parthenope University, Naples, Italy.,Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Fertility Techniques Structure, University Hospital S. Giovanni Di Dio E Ruggi D'aragona, Salerno, Italy
| | - Alfredo Pontecorvi
- Institute of Medical Pathology, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Annamaria Colao
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Section of Endocrinology, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna Muscogiuri
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Section of Endocrinology, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
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23
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Mina TH, Räikkönen K, Riley SC, Norman JE, Reynolds RM. Maternal distress associates with placental genes regulating fetal glucocorticoid exposure and IGF2: Role of obesity and sex. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2015; 59:112-22. [PMID: 26056743 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2015.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2015] [Revised: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Maternal emotional distress symptoms, including life satisfaction, anxiety and depressed mood, are worse in Severely Obese (SO) than lean pregnancy and may alter placental genes regulating fetal glucocorticoid exposure and placental growth. We hypothesised that the associations between increased maternal distress symptoms and changes in placental gene expression including IGF2 and genes regulating fetal glucocorticoid exposure are more pronounced in SO pregnancy. We also considered whether there were sex-specific effects. Placental mRNA levels of 11β-HSDs, NR3C1-α, NR3C2, ABC transporters, mTOR and the IGF2 family were measured in term placental samples from 43 lean (BMI≤25kg/m(2)) and 50 SO (BMI≥40kg/m(2)) women, in whom distress symptoms were prospectively evaluated during pregnancy. The mRNA levels of genes with a similar role in regulating fetal glucocorticoid exposure were strongly inter-correlated. Increased maternal distress symptoms associated with increased NR3C2 and IGF2 isoform 1(IGF2-1) in both lean and SO group (p≤0.05). Increased distress was associated with higher ABCB1 and ABCG2 mRNA levels in SO but lower ABCB1 and higher 11β-HSD1 mRNA levels in lean (p≤0.05) suggesting a protective adaptive response in SO placentas. Increased maternal distress associated with reduced mRNA levels of ABCB1, ABCG2, 11β-HSD2, NR3C1-α and IGF2-1 in placentas of female but not male offspring. The observed sex differences in placental responses suggest greater vulnerability of female fetuses to maternal distress with potentially greater fetal glucocorticoid exposure and excess IGF2. Further studies are needed to replicate these findings and to test whether this translates to potentially greater negative outcomes of maternal distress in female offspring in early childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresia H Mina
- University BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, Scotland, UK; Tommy's Centre for Maternal and Fetal Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, Scotland, UK
| | - Katri Räikkönen
- Institute of Behavioral Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Simon C Riley
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, Scotland, UK; Tommy's Centre for Maternal and Fetal Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, Scotland, UK
| | - Jane E Norman
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, Scotland, UK; Tommy's Centre for Maternal and Fetal Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, Scotland, UK
| | - Rebecca M Reynolds
- University BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, Scotland, UK; Tommy's Centre for Maternal and Fetal Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, Scotland, UK.
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24
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Fowden AL, Forhead AJ. Glucocorticoids as regulatory signals during intrauterine development. Exp Physiol 2015; 100:1477-87. [PMID: 26040783 DOI: 10.1113/ep085212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the topic of this review? This review discusses the role of the glucocorticoids as regulatory signals during intrauterine development. It examines the functional significance of these hormones as maturational, environmental and programming signals in determining offspring phenotype. What advances does it highlight? It focuses on the extensive nature of the regulatory actions of these hormones. It highlights the emerging data that these actions are mediated, in part, by the placenta, other endocrine systems and epigenetic modifications of the genome. Glucocorticoids are important regulatory signals during intrauterine development. They act as maturational, environmental and programming signals that modify the developing phenotype to optimize offspring viability and fitness. They affect development of a wide range of fetal tissues by inducing changes in cellular expression of structural, transport and signalling proteins, which have widespread functional consequences at the whole organ and systems levels. Glucocorticoids, therefore, activate many of the physiological systems that have little function in utero but are vital at birth to replace the respiratory, nutritive and excretory functions previously carried out by the placenta. However, by switching tissues from accretion to differentiation, early glucocorticoid overexposure in response to adverse conditions can programme fetal development with longer term physiological consequences for the adult offspring, which can extend to the next generation. The developmental effects of the glucocorticoids can be direct on fetal tissues with glucocorticoid receptors or mediated by changes in placental function or other endocrine systems. At the molecular level, glucocorticoids can act directly on gene transcription via their receptors or indirectly by epigenetic modifications of the genome. In this review, we examine the role and functional significance of glucocorticoids as regulatory signals during intrauterine development and discuss the mechanisms by which they act in utero to alter the developing epigenome and ensuing phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail L Fowden
- Centre for Trophoblast Research and Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, UK
| | - Alison J Forhead
- Centre for Trophoblast Research and Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, UK
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Jellyman JK, Valenzuela OA, Fowden AL. HORSE SPECIES SYMPOSIUM: Glucocorticoid programming of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and metabolic function: Animal studies from mouse to horse1,2. J Anim Sci 2015; 93:3245-60. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2014-8612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J. K. Jellyman
- Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502
| | - O. A. Valenzuela
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK
| | - A. L. Fowden
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK
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Abstract
Since their introduction more than forty years ago, antenatal glucocorticoids have become a cornerstone in the management of preterm birth and have been responsible for substantial reductions in neonatal mortality and morbidity. Clinical trials conducted over the past decade have shown that these benefits may be increased further through administration of repeat doses of antenatal glucocorticoids in women at ongoing risk of preterm and in those undergoing elective cesarean at term. At the same time, a growing body of experimental animal evidence and observational data in humans has linked fetal overexposure to maternal glucocorticoids with increased risk of cardiovascular, metabolic and other disorders in later life. Despite these concerns, and somewhat surprisingly, there has been little evidence to date from randomized trials of longer-term harm from clinical doses of synthetic glucocorticoids. However, with wider clinical application of antenatal glucocorticoid therapy there has been greater need to consider the potential for later adverse effects. This paper reviews current evidence for the short- and long-term health effects of antenatal glucocorticoids and discusses the apparent discrepancy between data from randomized clinical trials and other studies.
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Haeno S, Maeda N, Yagi T, Tahata S, Sato M, Sakaguchi K, Miyasho T, Ueda H, Yokota H. Diethylstilbestrol decreased adrenal cholesterol and corticosterone in rats. J Endocrinol 2014; 221:261-72. [PMID: 24578295 DOI: 10.1530/joe-13-0460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The synthetic oestrogen diethylstilbestrol (DES), which is known to bind oestrogen receptors (ERs), has been reported to have adverse effects on endocrine homeostasis; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects are poorly understood. In this study, we treated rats with DES and found high levels of this compound in the liver, adrenal glands and pituitary gland, as compared with other tissues. We have also detected early adverse effects of DES in the adrenal glands. The adrenal glands of rats treated with DES (340 μg/kg body weight every 2 days) for 2 weeks showed increased weight and size and a decreased fat droplet size. Following 1 week of treatment with DES, the blood and adrenal corticosterone levels were substantially decreased without any histological alterations. The levels of the precursors for corticosteroid biosynthesis in the adrenal glands were also decreased, as determined using mass spectroscopy. Cholesterol, the principal material of corticosteroid biosynthesis, decreased substantially in the adrenal glands after only 1 week of treatment with DES. In conclusion, cholesterol insufficiency results in a reduction in adrenal corticosterone biosynthesis, which may lead to endocrine dysfunction, such as reproductive toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoko Haeno
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, School of Veterinary Medicine Laboratory Animal Nutrition, School of Veterinary Science, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan Japan Meat Science and Technology Institute, Ebisu, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 150-0013, Japan
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28
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BLANCO CL, MOREIRA AG, McGILL LL, ANZUETO DG, NATHANIELSZ P, MUSI N. Antenatal corticosteroids alter insulin signaling pathways in fetal baboon skeletal muscle. J Endocrinol 2014; 221:253-60. [PMID: 24756099 PMCID: PMC4347920 DOI: 10.1530/joe-13-0504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
We hypothesize that prenatal exposure to glucocorticoids (GCs) negatively alters the insulin signal transduction pathway and has differing effects on the fetus according to gestational age (GA) at exposure. Twenty-three fetal baboons were delivered from 23 healthy, nondiabetic mothers. Twelve preterm (0.67 GA) and 11 near-term (0.95 GA) baboons were killed immediately after delivery. Half of the pregnant baboons at each gestation received two doses of i.m. betamethasone 24 h apart (170 μg/kg) before delivery, while the other half received no intervention. Vastus lateralis muscle was obtained from postnatal animals to measure the protein content and gene expression of insulin receptor β (IRβ; INSR), IRβ Tyr 1361 phosphorylation (pIRβ), IR substrate 1 (IRS1), IRS1 tyrosine phosphorylation (pIRS1), p85 subunit of PI3-kinase, AKT (protein kinase B), phospho-AKT Ser473 (pAKT), AKT1, AKT2, and glucose transporters (GLUT1 and GLUT4). Skeletal muscle from preterm baboons exposed to GCs had markedly reduced protein content of AKT and AKT1 (respectively, 73 and 72% from 0.67 GA control, P<0.001); IRβ and pIRβ were also decreased (respectively, 94 and 85%, P<0.01) in the muscle of premature GC-exposed fetuses but not in term fetuses. GLUT1 and GLUT4 tended to increase with GC exposure in preterm animals (P=0.09), while GLUT4 increased sixfold in term animals after exposure to GC (P<0.05). In conclusion, exposure to a single course of antenatal GCs during fetal life alters the insulin signaling pathway in fetal muscle in a manner dependent on the stage of gestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia L. BLANCO
- University of Texas Health Science Center, Department of Pediatrics, Neonatology Division, San Antonio, TX, USA 78229
- Corresponding Author: Cynthia L. Blanco MD, MSCI, UTHSCSA, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, MC-7812, San Antonio, TX, 78229, , phone: 210-567-5247, fax: 210-567-5169
| | - Alvaro G. MOREIRA
- University of Texas Health Science Center, Department of Pediatrics, Neonatology Division, San Antonio, TX, USA 78229
| | - Lisa L. McGILL
- University of Texas Health Science Center, Department of Pediatrics, Neonatology Division, San Antonio, TX, USA 78229
| | - Diana G. ANZUETO
- University of Texas Health Science Center, Department of Pediatrics, Neonatology Division, San Antonio, TX, USA 78229
| | - Peter NATHANIELSZ
- University of Texas Health Science Center, Department of Obstetrics, Center for Pregnancy and Newborn Research, San Antonio, TX, USA 78229
| | - Nicolas MUSI
- University of Texas Health Science Center, Department of Medicine, Diabetes Division, San Antonio, TX, USA 78229
- Texas Diabetes Institute, 701 S. Zarzamora, San Antonio, TX, USA 78207
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, 15355 Lambda Drive, San Antonio, TX, USA 78245
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Na CS, Yoon SY, Kim JB, Na DS, Dong MS, Lee MY, Hong CY. Anti-fatigue Activity of Hovenia dulcis on a Swimming Mouse Model through the Inhibition of Stress Hormone Expression and Antioxidation. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2013; 41:945-55. [DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x13500638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Hovenia dulcis (H. dulcis) Thunb., which is distributed in Korea, China, and Japan, has been known to show hepatoprotective and free radical scavenging effects and enhance physical activity. Therefore, the objectives of this present study were to determine the anti-fatigue activity of hot-water extract from H. dulcis peduncle, and to find the reason why H. dulcis extract (HDE)-ingested mice had enhanced physical activity against swimming performance. The mice orally administrated with HDE (HDE-mice) dramatically enhanced their swimming time compared to the control mice. HDE significantly decreased serum levels of stress hormones, such as cortisol and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) in mice. The levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were dramatically decreased in gastrocnemius muscle from both 100 mg/kg of HDE (LHDE) and 200 mg/kg of HDE (HHDE)-ingested mice compared to the control mice. The liver activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) were significantly increased in HHDE-mice with increasing tendency in LHDE-mice. In addition, HHDE-mice significantly decreased the levels of blood glucose, total cholesterol (T-Chol), and triglyceride (TG). These results suggest that HDE had a significant anti-fatigue effect via its anti-stress and antioxidant activities, and thereby enhanced physical activity in swimming performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Soo Na
- Lifetree Biotechnology Institute, Lifetree Biotech Co. Ltd, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Young Yoon
- Lifetree Biotechnology Institute, Lifetree Biotech Co. Ltd, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Beom Kim
- Lifetree Biotechnology Institute, Lifetree Biotech Co. Ltd, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Seung Na
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Sook Dong
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Moo-Yeol Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Yi Hong
- Lifetree Biotechnology Institute, Lifetree Biotech Co. Ltd, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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30
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Glucocorticoid-induced skeletal muscle atrophy. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2013; 45:2163-72. [PMID: 23806868 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2013.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 406] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2013] [Revised: 05/27/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Many pathological states characterized by muscle atrophy (e.g., sepsis, cachexia, starvation, metabolic acidosis and severe insulinopenia) are associated with an increase in circulating glucocorticoids (GC) levels, suggesting that GC could trigger the muscle atrophy observed in these conditions. GC-induced muscle atrophy is characterized by fast-twitch, glycolytic muscles atrophy illustrated by decreased fiber cross-sectional area and reduced myofibrillar protein content. GC-induced muscle atrophy results from increased protein breakdown and decreased protein synthesis. Increased muscle proteolysis, in particular through the activation of the ubiquitin proteasome and the lysosomal systems, is considered to play a major role in the catabolic action of GC. The stimulation by GC of these two proteolytic systems is mediated through the increased expression of several Atrogenes ("genes involved in atrophy"), such as FOXO, Atrogin-1, and MuRF-1. The inhibitory effect of GC on muscle protein synthesis is thought to result mainly from the inhibition of the mTOR/S6 kinase 1 pathway. These changes in muscle protein turnover could be explained by changes in the muscle production of two growth factors, namely Insulin-like Growth Factor (IGF)-I, a muscle anabolic growth factor and Myostatin, a muscle catabolic growth factor. This review will discuss the recent progress made in the understanding of the mechanisms involved in GC-induced muscle atrophy and consider the implications of these advancements in the development of new therapeutic approaches for treating GC-induced myopathy. This article is part of a Directed Issue entitled: Molecular basis of muscle wasting.
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