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Sakauchi K, Otaki JM. Imaging Plate Autoradiography for Ingested Anthropogenic Cesium-137 in Butterfly Bodies: Implications for the Biological Impacts of the Fukushima Nuclear Accident. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13051211. [PMID: 37240856 DOI: 10.3390/life13051211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The Fukushima nuclear accident in March 2011 caused biological impacts on the pale grass blue butterfly Zizeeria maha. At least some of the impacts are likely mediated by the host plant, resulting in "field effects". However, to obtain the whole picture of the impacts, direct exposure effects should also be evaluated. Here, we examined the distribution of experimentally ingested anthropogenic cesium-137 (137Cs) in adult butterfly bodies using imaging plate autoradiography. We showed that 137Cs ingested by larvae was incorporated into adult bodies and was biased to females, although the majority of ingested 137Cs was excreted in the pupal cuticle and excretory material during eclosion. 137Cs accumulation in adult bodies was the highest in the abdomen, followed by the thorax and other organs. These results suggest that 137Cs accumulation in reproductive organs may cause adverse transgenerational or maternal effects mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) on germ cells. 137Cs accumulation was detected in field individuals collected in September 2011 and September 2016 but not in May 2011, which is consistent with the abnormality dynamics known from previous studies. Taken together, these results contribute to an integrative understanding of the multifaceted biological effects of the Fukushima nuclear accident in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ko Sakauchi
- The BCPH Unit of Molecular Physiology, Department of Chemistry, Biology and Marine Science, Faculty of Science, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara 903-0213, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Joji M Otaki
- The BCPH Unit of Molecular Physiology, Department of Chemistry, Biology and Marine Science, Faculty of Science, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara 903-0213, Okinawa, Japan
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2
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Hayama SI, Nakanishi S, Tanaka A, Konno F, Kawamoto Y, Omi T. Influence of radiation exposure to delayed fetal growth in wild Japanese monkeys after the Fukushima accident. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1151361. [PMID: 37180055 PMCID: PMC10169707 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1151361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Wild Japanese monkeys (Macaca fuscata) were exposed to radiation after the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear accident in 2011. To clarify the biological effects of radiation exposure on their fetal growth, pregnant monkeys and their fetuses were analyzed. These animals were collected between 2008 and 2020 (before and after the accident in 2011) living in Fukushima City, approximately 70 km from the nuclear power plant. Multiple regression analyses were conducted with fetal body weight (FBW) and fetal head circumference (FHS) as objective variables, and maternal and fetal factors as explanatory variables. The maternal factors were relative exposure dose rate (REDR), age, body weight, body length, fat index, and parity. The fetal factors were crown ramp length (CRL) and sex. Multiple regression analyses showed that FBR and FHS growth were positively associated with CRL, maternal body length, and negatively associated with REDR. Since the relative growth of FBR and FHS to CRL decreased with increasing REDR, radiation exposure due to the nuclear accident may have contributed to the delayed fetal growth observed in Japanese monkeys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-ichi Hayama
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Setsuko Nakanishi
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Aki Tanaka
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumiharu Konno
- Tohoku Wildlife Management Center, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yoshi Kawamoto
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshinori Omi
- School of Veterinary Nursing and Technology, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino, Tokyo, Japan
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3
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Morimoto M, Kobayashi J, Kino Y. Radiation dose and gene expression analysis of wild boar 10 years after the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Plant accident. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18653. [PMID: 36333381 PMCID: PMC9636247 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21436-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident led to contamination with radioactive cesium in an extensive environment in Japan in 2011. We evaluated the concentration of radioactive cesium in the skeletal muscles of 22 wild boars and the expression of IFN-γ, TLR3, and CyclinG1 in the small intestine and compared them with those of wild boar samples collected from Hyogo prefecture. The average 137Cs radioactivity concentration in wild boars in the ex-evacuation zone was 470 Bq/kg. Most of samples still showed radioactivity concentration that exceeded the regulatory limit for foods, but the dose remarkably decreased compared with samples just after the accident. IFN-γ expression was significantly higher in wild boars in the ex-evacuation zone than in samples from Hyogo prefecture. TLR3 expression was also upregulated. CyclinG1 expression also tended to be high. Hence, wild boars might have received some effects of low-dose radiation, and immune cells were activated to some extent. However, pathological examination revealed no inflammatory cell infiltration or pathological damage in the small intestine of wild boars in the ex-evacuation area. Long-term monitoring would be necessary, but we consider that the living body responds appropriately to a stimulus from a contaminated environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoko Morimoto
- School of Food Industrial Sciences, Department of Food Resource Development, Miyagi University, 2-2-1 Hatatate, Taihaku-Ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 982-0215, Japan.
| | - Jin Kobayashi
- School of Food Industrial Sciences, Department of Food Resource Development, Miyagi University, 2-2-1 Hatatate, Taihaku-Ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 982-0215, Japan
| | - Yasushi Kino
- Department of Chemistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
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4
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Evaluation of sperm fertilization capacity of large Japanese field mice (Apodemus speciosus) exposed to chronic low dose-rate radiation after the Fukushima accident. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrras.2022.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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5
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Oka T, Takahashi A, Koarai K, Kino Y, Sekine T, Shimizu Y, Chiba M, Suzuki T, Osaka K, Sasaki K, Shinoda H. Detection limit of electron spin resonance for Japanese deciduous tooth enamel and density separation method for enamel-dentine separation. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2022; 63:609-614. [PMID: 35780302 PMCID: PMC9303628 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrac033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Electron spin resonance (ESR) dosimetry is one of the most powerful tools for radiation dose reconstruction. The detection limit of this technique using human teeth is reported to be 56 mGy or 67 mGy; however, the absorbed dose of Fukushima residents after the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FNPP) accident was estimated to be lower than this detection limit. Our aim is to assess the absorbed radiation dose of children in Fukushima Prefecture after the accident; therefore, it is important to estimate the detection limit for their teeth. The detection limit for enamel of deciduous teeth of Japanese children separated by the mechanical method is estimated to be 115.0 mGy. The density separation method can effectively separate enamel from third molars of Japanese people. As we have collected thousands of teeth from children in Fukushima, the present technique may be useful to examine their external absorbed dose after the FNPP accident.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshitaka Oka
- Corresponding author. Research Group for Nuclear Chemistry, Chemistry, Environment and Radiation Division, Nuclear Science and Engineering Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 2-4 Shirakata, Tokai-mura, Naka-gun, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan.
| | - Atsushi Takahashi
- Tohoku University Hospital, Tohoku University, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai City, Miyagi 980-8574, Japan
| | - Kazuma Koarai
- Collaborative Laboratories for Advanced Decommissioning Science, Sector of Fukushima Research and Development, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 790-1 Ohtsuka, Motooka, Tomioka Town, Futaba County, Fukushima 979-1151, Japan
| | - Yasushi Kino
- Institute for Excellence in Higher Education, Tohoku University, 41 Kawauchi, Aoba-ku, Sendai City, Miyagi 980-8576, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Sekine
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki-aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai City, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
- Institute for Excellence in Higher Education, Tohoku University, 41 Kawauchi, Aoba-ku, Sendai City, Miyagi 980-8576, Japan
| | - Yoshinaka Shimizu
- Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai City, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Mirei Chiba
- Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai City, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Suzuki
- Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai City, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Ken Osaka
- Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai City, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Keiichi Sasaki
- Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai City, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Hisashi Shinoda
- Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai City, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
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6
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Men W, Wang F, Yu W, He J, Lin F, Deng F, Yu T, Ma H, Zeng Z. Radioactive impacts of the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant Accident on blue sharks in the Northwest Pacific. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 285:131537. [PMID: 34329145 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant Accident (FDNPPA) derived 134Cs, 137Cs and 110mAg in blue sharks captured in the Northwest Pacific during 2011-2018 were assessed for the first time in the aspects of radioactive contamination, temporal variation, maternal-to-fetus transfer, tissue distribution and radiation dose, to demonstrate the impacts of the FDNPPA on blue sharks. The contribution of the FDNPPA derived radiocesium in blue sharks (>52%) was estimated based on 134Cs/137Csactivity ratios. The effective and ecological half-lives of the FDNPPA derived 134Cs (270 d, 410 d), and 137Cs (430 d, 450 d) were calculated. These contaminations decreased with time and returned to the level before the FDNPPA during the period of Sep. 2017-Sep. 2018.134Cs and 137Cs tended to distribute in muscles, while 110mAg mainly distribute in their guts. 134Cs and 137Cs were also transferred to fetuses and the activities were up to ~30% of the maternal activities. Dose assessment demonstrated that the highest FDNPPA derived dose rate in blue sharks (~0.42 nGy/h) was far below the ERICA ecosystem screening benchmark of 10 μGy/h and the committed effective dose in humans from ingesting blue shark meat (0.06-0.90 μSv) was far less than that from annual consumption of food and water. It was far from causing radiation harm to blue sharks and humans, suggesting that the impacts of the FDNPPA on blue sharks were not significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Men
- Laboratory of Marine Isotopic Technology and Environmental Risk Assessment, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, 184 Daxue Road, Xiamen, 361005, China.
| | - Fenfen Wang
- Laboratory of Marine Isotopic Technology and Environmental Risk Assessment, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, 184 Daxue Road, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Wen Yu
- Laboratory of Marine Isotopic Technology and Environmental Risk Assessment, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, 184 Daxue Road, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Jianhua He
- Laboratory of Marine Isotopic Technology and Environmental Risk Assessment, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, 184 Daxue Road, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Feng Lin
- Laboratory of Marine Isotopic Technology and Environmental Risk Assessment, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, 184 Daxue Road, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Fangfang Deng
- Laboratory of Marine Isotopic Technology and Environmental Risk Assessment, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, 184 Daxue Road, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Tao Yu
- Laboratory of Marine Isotopic Technology and Environmental Risk Assessment, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, 184 Daxue Road, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Hao Ma
- Key Laboratory of Particle and Radiation Imaging (Ministry of Education) and Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Zhi Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Particle and Radiation Imaging (Ministry of Education) and Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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7
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Ishii N, Furota T, Kagami M, Tagami K, Uchida S. Inequality in the distribution of 137Cs contamination within freshwater fish bodies and its affecting factors. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5769. [PMID: 33707541 PMCID: PMC7952404 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85291-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Contamination of freshwater fishes with 137Cs remains as a serious problem in Japan, nearly 10 years after the Fukushima nuclear power plant accident, but there is limited information on the distribution of 137Cs contamination in fish bodies. The 137Cs distribution can be used for the estimation of internal radiation exposure through the consumption of fish and for the dose estimation of fish themselves. In this study, the 137Cs distribution in the bodies of 8 freshwater fish species was investigated as percentages of total body burden for fish inhabiting Lake Inba. Fish samples were caught in stake nets placed close to the shore approximately once a month. After the measurement of body length and fresh weight, the radioactivities of 137Cs in muscle, internal organs, spawn, milt and bone were assayed using high-purity germanium detectors. Analysis of all fish samples showed that the 137Cs distribution was highest in muscle (54 ± 12%), followed by internal organs (7.8 ± 4.6%), spawn (7.4 ± 5.4%), milt (3.2 ± 2.1%) and bone (1.2 ± 0.58%). Among fish species, the highest proportion of 137Cs in muscle was detected in largemouth bass (71 ± 1 3%), followed by snakehead (69 ± 14%), channel catfish (63 ± 17%), common carp (62 ± 14%), barbel steed (58 ± 6.5%), silver carp (57 ± 7.7%), bluegill (53 ± 4.7%), and crucian carp (50 ± 10%). These results suggested that the 137Cs in muscle was likely to be high in piscivorous fishes compared to omnivorous fishes, especially crucian carp. The proportion of 137Cs in muscle of crucian carp was not explained either by body length or fresh weight. However, a positive correlation was found between the proportion of 137Cs in muscle and the condition factor which was an indicator of nutritional status calculated from a length-weight relationship. This correlation implied that more 137Cs accumulated in muscle tissue of a fish species with high nutritional status. This is the first study to show that condition factor is more important than body length and wet weight in explaining the high proportion of 137Cs in muscle tissues, at least for crucian carp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyoshi Ishii
- National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Environmental Transfer Parameter Research Group, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan.
| | - Toshio Furota
- Faculty of Science, Department of Environmental Science, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi-shi, Chiba, 274-8510, Japan
| | - Maiko Kagami
- Faculty of Science, Department of Environmental Science, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi-shi, Chiba, 274-8510, Japan
- Graduate School of Environmental and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, 79-1 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, 240-8501, Japan
| | - Keiko Tagami
- National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Environmental Transfer Parameter Research Group, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Shigeo Uchida
- National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Biospheric Assessment for Waste Disposal Team, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
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8
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Komatsu K, Iwasaki T, Murata K, Yamashiro H, Goh VST, Nakayama R, Fujishima Y, Ono T, Kino Y, Simizu Y, Takahashi A, Shinoda H, Ariyoshi K, Kasai K, Suzuki M, Palmerini MG, Belli M, Macchiarelli G, Oka T, Fukumoto M, Yoshida MA, Nakata A, Miura T. Morphological reproductive characteristics of testes and fertilization capacity of cryopreserved sperm after the Fukushima accident in raccoon (Procyon lotor). Reprod Domest Anim 2021; 56:484-497. [PMID: 33372327 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Since the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) accident, we have established an archive system of livestock and wild animals from the surrounding ex-evacuation zone. Wildlife within the alert zone have been exposed to low-dose-rate (LDR) radiation for a long continuous time. In this study, we analysed the morphological characteristics of the testes and in vitro fertilization (IVF) capacity of cryopreserved sperm of racoons from the ex-evacuation zone of the FDNPP accident. The radioactivity of caesium-137 (137 Cs) was measured by gamma-ray spectrometry, and the measured radioactivity concentration was 300-6,630 Bq/kg in the Fukushima raccoons. Notably, normal spermatogenesis was observed in the seminiferous tubules of the testes, with the germinal epithelium composed of a spermatogenic cell lineage with no evident ultrastructural alterations; freeze-thawing sperm penetration ability was confirmed using the interspecific zona pellucida-free mouse oocytes IVF assays. This study revealed that the chronic and LDR radiation exposure associated with the FDNPP accident had no adverse effect on the reproductive characteristics and functions of male raccoons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Komatsu
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Tsugumi Iwasaki
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Kosuke Murata
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hideaki Yamashiro
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | | | - Ryo Nakayama
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki University, Aomori, Japan
| | - Yohei Fujishima
- Department of Radiation Biology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takumi Ono
- Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yasushi Kino
- Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | | | | | - Hisashi Shinoda
- Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kentaro Ariyoshi
- Integrated Center for Science and Humanities, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Kosuke Kasai
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki University, Aomori, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Suzuki
- International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Maria Grazia Palmerini
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Manuel Belli
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Guido Macchiarelli
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Toshitaka Oka
- Sector of Nuclear Science Research, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Manabu Fukumoto
- RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project, Pathology Informatics Team, Saitama, Japan
| | - Mitsuaki A Yoshida
- Department of Risk Analysis and Biodosimetry, Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki University, Aomori, Japan
| | - Akifumi Nakata
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University of Science, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Tomisato Miura
- Department of Risk Analysis and Biodosimetry, Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki University, Aomori, Japan
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Transition of Radioactive Cesium Deposition in Reproductive Organs of Free-Roaming Cats in Namie Town, Fukushima. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18041772. [PMID: 33670348 PMCID: PMC7918855 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18041772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the internal contamination by radioactive cesium associated with the FDNPP accident, in the testes or uterus and ovaries of free-roaming cats (Felis silvestris catus), which were protected by volunteers in the Namie Town, Fukushima. A total of 253 samples (145 testes and 108 uterus and ovaries) obtained from adult cats and 15 fetuses from 3 pregnant female cats were measured. Free-roaming cats in Namie Town had a higher level of radioactive contamination in comparison to the control group in Tokyo, as the 134Cs + 137Cs activity concentration ranged from not detectable to 37,882 Bq kg-1 in adult cats. Furthermore, the radioactivity in the fetuses was almost comparable to those in their mother's uterus and ovaries. The radioactivity was also different between several cats protected in the same location, and there was no significant correlation with ambient dose-rates and activity concentrations in soil. Moreover, radioactive cesium levels in cats decreased with each year. Therefore, it is likely that decontamination work in Namie Town and its surroundings could affect radioactive cesium accumulation, and thus possibly reduce the internal radiation exposure of wildlife living in contaminated areas. It is hence necessary to continue radioactivity monitoring efforts for the residents living in Namie Town.
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Shin E, Lee S, Kang H, Kim J, Kim K, Youn H, Jin YW, Seo S, Youn B. Organ-Specific Effects of Low Dose Radiation Exposure: A Comprehensive Review. Front Genet 2020; 11:566244. [PMID: 33133150 PMCID: PMC7565684 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.566244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ionizing radiation (IR) is a high-energy radiation whose biological effects depend on the irradiation doses. Low-dose radiation (LDR) is delivered during medical diagnoses or by an exposure to radioactive elements and has been linked to the occurrence of chronic diseases, such as leukemia and cardiovascular diseases. Though epidemiological research is indispensable for predicting and dealing with LDR-induced abnormalities in individuals exposed to LDR, little is known about epidemiological markers of LDR exposure. Moreover, difference in the LDR-induced molecular events in each organ has been an obstacle to a thorough investigation of the LDR effects and a validation of the experimental results in in vivo models. In this review, we summarized the recent reports on LDR-induced risk of organ-specifically arranged the alterations for a comprehensive understanding of the biological effects of LDR. We suggested that LDR basically caused the accumulation of DNA damages, controlled systemic immune systems, induced oxidative damages on peripheral organs, and even benefited the viability in some organs. Furthermore, we concluded that understanding of organ-specific responses and the biological markers involved in the responses is needed to investigate the precise biological effects of LDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunguk Shin
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Sungmin Lee
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Hyunkoo Kang
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Jeongha Kim
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Kyeongmin Kim
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - HyeSook Youn
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young Woo Jin
- Laboratory of Low Dose Risk Assessment, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Songwon Seo
- Laboratory of Low Dose Risk Assessment, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul, South Korea
| | - BuHyun Youn
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea.,Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
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11
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Endo S, Matsutani Y, Kajimoto T, Tanaka K, Suzuki M. Internal exposure rate conversion coefficients and absorbed fractions of mouse for 137Cs, 134Cs and 90Sr contamination in body. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2020; 61:535-545. [PMID: 32500146 PMCID: PMC7336567 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rraa030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine parameters for estimating the internal exposure of all organs in mouse experiments from the radioactivity concentration in organs. The estimation of internal exposure rate conversion coefficients and absorbed fractions for 137Cs, 134Cs and 90Sr by the Particle and Heavy Ion Transport code System (PHITS) with a voxel-based mouse phantom is presented. The geometry of the voxel phantom is constructed from computer tomography images of a mouse 9 cm in length weighing 23.9 g. The voxel-based mouse phantom has the following organs: brain, skull, heart, lungs, liver, stomach, spleen, kidneys, bladder, testis and tissue (tissue and other organs). Gamma- and beta-rays from 137Cs, 134Cs and 90Sr sources in each source organ are generated and scored for every target organ. The internal exposure rate conversion coefficients and absorbed fractions are calculated from deposition energies in each target organ from each source organ and are used to generate an internal exposure rate conversion coefficient matrix and an absorbed fraction matrix. The absorbed fractions of beta-rays in the source organs are roughly 0.5-0.8 for 137Cs and 134Cs, and the absorbed fractions of gamma-rays are <0.04 for 137Cs and <0.03 for 134Cs. The internal exposure rate conversion coefficient matrix is defined using the absorbed fractions. The calculated internal exposure rate coefficient matrix is tested under a uniform radioactivity concentration of 1 Bq/kg for 137Cs, 134Cs and 90Sr. The estimated internal exposure rates in the mouse whole body for 137Cs, 134Cs and 90Sr are 3.28 × 10-3, 2.55 × 10-3 and 1.20 × 10-2 μGy/d, respectively. These values are very similar to those for an ellipsoid frog (31.4 g) and an ellipsoid crab egg mass (12.6 g) reported in ICRP Publication 108.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Endo
- Quantum Energy Applications, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Yuki Matsutani
- Quantum Energy Applications, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Kajimoto
- Quantum Energy Applications, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Kenichi Tanaka
- Quantum Energy Applications, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Suzuki
- International Research Institute of Disaster Science (IRIDeS), Tohoku University, Aramaki Aza-Aoba 468-1, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
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12
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Oka T, Takahashi A, Koarai K, Mitsuyasu Y, Kino Y, Sekine T, Shimizu Y, Chiba M, Suzuki T, Osaka K, Sasaki K, Urushihara Y, Endo S, Suzuki M, Shinoda H, Fukumoto M. External exposure dose estimation by electron spin resonance technique for wild Japanese macaque captured in Fukushima Prefecture. RADIAT MEAS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2020.106315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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13
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Omi T, Nakiri S, Nakanishi S, Ishii N, Uno T, Konno F, Inagaki T, Sakamoto A, Shito M, Udagawa C, Tada N, Ochiai K, Kato T, Kawamoto Y, Tsuchida S, Hayama SI. Concentrations of 137Cs radiocaesium in the organs and tissues of low-dose-exposed wild Japanese monkeys. BMC Res Notes 2020; 13:121. [PMID: 32122403 PMCID: PMC7053083 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-020-04972-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Following the massive earthquake that struck eastern Japan on March 11, 2011, a large amount of radioactive material was released into the environment from the damaged reactor of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP). After the FDNPP accident, radiocaesium was first detected in muscle samples from wild Japanese monkeys exposed to radioactive materials, and haematologic effects, changes in head size, and delayed body weight gain were also reported, but little is known about the distribution of 137Cs in the organs and tissues of wild Japanese monkeys. Results We detected the 137Cs in various organ and tissue samples of 10 wild Japanese monkeys inhabiting the forested areas of Fukushima City that were captured between July and August 2012. Among muscle, brain, heart, kidney, liver, lung, and spleen, muscle exhibited the highest and the brain the lowest 137Cs concentration. The concentration (mean ± SD) of 137Cs in muscle, brain, heart, kidney, liver, lung, and spleen was 77 ± 66, 26 ± 22, 41 ± 35, 49 ± 41, 41 ± 38, 53 ± 41, and 53 ± 51 Bq/kg, respectively. These results can help us understand the biological effects of long-term internal radiation exposure in non-human primates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshinori Omi
- Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonancho, Musashino City, Tokyo, 180-8602, Japan.
| | - Sachie Nakiri
- Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonancho, Musashino City, Tokyo, 180-8602, Japan
| | - Setsuko Nakanishi
- Conservation and Animal Welfare, 1-9-4 Kunitachi City, Tokyo, 186-0004, Japan
| | - Naomi Ishii
- Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonancho, Musashino City, Tokyo, 180-8602, Japan
| | - Taiki Uno
- Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonancho, Musashino City, Tokyo, 180-8602, Japan
| | - Fumiharu Konno
- Fukushima-Mirai Agricultural Cooperative, 19-2 Kubota, Kamata, Fukushima, Fukushima, 960-0102, Japan
| | - Takeshi Inagaki
- Jichi Medical University, School of Medicine, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke City, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan
| | - Atsushi Sakamoto
- Jichi Medical University, School of Medicine, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke City, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan
| | - Masayuki Shito
- Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonancho, Musashino City, Tokyo, 180-8602, Japan
| | - Chihiro Udagawa
- Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonancho, Musashino City, Tokyo, 180-8602, Japan
| | - Naomi Tada
- Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonancho, Musashino City, Tokyo, 180-8602, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Ochiai
- Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonancho, Musashino City, Tokyo, 180-8602, Japan
| | - Takuya Kato
- Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonancho, Musashino City, Tokyo, 180-8602, Japan
| | - Yoshi Kawamoto
- Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonancho, Musashino City, Tokyo, 180-8602, Japan
| | - Shuichi Tsuchida
- Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonancho, Musashino City, Tokyo, 180-8602, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Hayama
- Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonancho, Musashino City, Tokyo, 180-8602, Japan
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14
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Suzuki M, Suzuki H, Ishiguro H, Saito Y, Watanabe S, Kozutsumi T, Sochi Y, Nishi K, Urushihara Y, Kino Y, Numabe T, Sekine T, Chida K, Fukumoto M. Correlation of Radiocesium Activity between Muscle and Peripheral Blood of Live Cattle Depending on Presence or Absence of Radiocontamination in Feed. Radiat Res 2019; 192:589-601. [PMID: 31556846 DOI: 10.1667/rr15418.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
To monitor radiocesium activity in skeletal muscle of live cattle, the animals were given radiocesium-contaminated feed continuously, then switched to contamination-free feed after radiocecium concentration in peripheral blood (PB) reached plateau. Radioactivity in skeletal muscles of neck and rump was measured by attaching the probe of a NaI survey meter closely on the body surface just above the muscle of the live cattle (external measurement). We validated the strong positive correlation between the value of the external measurement and radiocesium activity concentration of dissected muscle (r = 0.89, P < 0.001 for neck; r = 0.80, P < 0.001 for rump). Accumulation of radiocesium both in muscle and PB was proportional to the total amount of radiocesium cattle ingested. However, radioactivity concentration in PB was constant in the cattle that had continuously ingested radiocesium, lower than 2.0 × 105 Bq in total within 67 days from the beginning of radiocesium intake. In addition, the ratio of radiocesium activity in muscle to that in PB was lower during the time when radiocontaminated feed was ingested than that of contamination-free feed ingestion. Using the correlation of radioactivity between muscle and PB, we confirmed that a majority of the cattle in the ex-evacuation zone of the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant accident, from 167 to 365 days after the accident occurred, were in the declining period of radiocesium intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masatoshi Suzuki
- Pathology, Institute of Development, Aging, and Cancer.,Institute for Disaster Reconstruction and Regeneration Research.,Institute for Radiation Disaster Medicine, International Research Institute of Disaster Science
| | - Hidehiko Suzuki
- Course of Miyagi Prefectural Government Livestock Experiment Station, Osaki, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Hirotoshi Ishiguro
- Course of Miyagi Prefectural Government Livestock Experiment Station, Osaki, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yosuke Saito
- Course of Miyagi Prefectural Government Livestock Experiment Station, Osaki, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Satoshi Watanabe
- Course of Miyagi Prefectural Government Livestock Experiment Station, Osaki, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Kozutsumi
- Course of Miyagi Prefectural Government Livestock Experiment Station, Osaki, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Sochi
- Course of Sendai Livestock Hygiene Center, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Nishi
- Course of Sendai Livestock Hygiene Center, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yusuke Urushihara
- Pathology, Institute of Development, Aging, and Cancer.,Department of Radiation Biology
| | - Yasushi Kino
- Institute for Radiochemistry, Department of Chemistry
| | - Takashi Numabe
- Course of Miyagi Prefectural Government Livestock Experiment Station, Osaki, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Sekine
- Institute for Natural Science, Institute for Excellence in Higher Education, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Koichi Chida
- Institute for Radiation Disaster Medicine, International Research Institute of Disaster Science.,Course of Radiological Technology, Health Sciences, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Manabu Fukumoto
- Pathology, Institute of Development, Aging, and Cancer.,RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project, Pathology Informatics Team, Tokyo 103-0027, Japan
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15
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Schofield PN, Kulka U, Tapio S, Grosche B. Big data in radiation biology and epidemiology; an overview of the historical and contemporary landscape of data and biomaterial archives. Int J Radiat Biol 2019; 95:861-878. [DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2019.1589026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul N. Schofield
- Department of Physiology, Development, and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ulrike Kulka
- Bundesamt fuer Strahlenschutz, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Soile Tapio
- Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Institute of Radiation Biology, Neuherberg, Germany
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16
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Saito K, Kuroda K, Suzuki R, Kino Y, Sekine T, Shinoda H, Yamashiro H, Fukuda T, Kobayashi J, Abe Y, Nishimura J, Urushihara Y, Yoneyama H, Fukumoto M, Isogai E. Intestinal Bacteria as Powerful Trapping Lifeforms for the Elimination of Radioactive Cesium. Front Vet Sci 2019; 6:70. [PMID: 30915344 PMCID: PMC6422879 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2019.00070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In March 2011, an accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant led to major problems, including the release of radionuclides such as Cesium (Cs)-137 into the environment. Ever since this accident, Cs-137 in foods has become a serious problem. In this study, we determined the concentration of Cs-137 in the feces, urine, and ruminal contents of cattle and demonstrated the possibility of its elimination from the body by intestinal bacteria. The results revealed a high Cs-137 concentration in the feces; in fact, this concentration was higher than that in skeletal muscles and other samples from several animals. Furthermore, intestinal bacteria were able to trap Cs-137, showing an uptake ratio within the range of 38–81% in vitro. This uptake appeared to be mediated through the sodium–potassium (Na+-K+) ion pump in the bacterial cell membrane. This inference was drawn based on the fact that the uptake ratio of Cs-137 was decreased in media with high potassium concentration. In addition, it was demonstrated that intestinal bacteria hindered the trapping of Cs-137 by the animal. Cattle feces showed high concentration of Cs-137 and intestinal bacteria trapped Cs-137. This study is the first report showing that intestinal bacteria contribute to the elimination of Cs-137 from the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Saito
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kengo Kuroda
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Rie Suzuki
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yasushi Kino
- Department of Chemistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Sekine
- Center for the Advancement of Higher Education, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hisashi Shinoda
- Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hideaki Yamashiro
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Fukuda
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, Morioka, Japan
| | - Jin Kobayashi
- School of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Miyagi University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Abe
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Junko Nishimura
- Department of Biotechnology and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hachinohe Institute of Technology, Hachinohe, Japan
| | - Yusuke Urushihara
- Department of Radiation Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yoneyama
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | | | - Emiko Isogai
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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17
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Morishita Y, Torii T, Usami H, Kikuchi H, Utsugi W, Takahira S. Detection of alpha particle emitters originating from nuclear fuel inside reactor building of Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant. Sci Rep 2019; 9:581. [PMID: 30679575 PMCID: PMC6346089 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36962-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We measured alpha emitters obtained from a reactor building in the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) by using an alpha particle imaging detector. For developing the detector, we used a very thin (0.05-mm-thick) a cerium-doped Gd3(Ga,Al)5O12 (Ce:GAGG) scintillator and silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) arrays as the photodetector. The floor of the reactor building in FDNPP was wiped off by using smear papers, and the radioactivity of these papers was measured by the alpha particle imaging detector. In addition, we measured a Plutonium (Pu) sample (mainly 5.5 MeV alpha particles from 238Pu) obtained from a nuclear fuel facility by using of the same detector for comparison with the smear papers. The alpha spectrum was in the energy range of 5-6 MeV, which corresponds to the alpha particle energy of 238Pu (5.5 MeV). The correlation coefficient of the alpha spectra of the smear papers and the Pu sample had a strong positive linear relation. Moreover, the peak of 241Am was identified by gamma spectrum measurement. Based on these results, we report actual findings of alpha emitters in the FDNPP reactor buildings originating from nuclear fuels. The surface contamination level of alpha emitters exceeded 4 Bq/cm2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Morishita
- Collaborative Laboratories for Advanced Decommissioning Science (CLADS), Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 790-1 Motooka Ohtsuka, Tomioka Town, Futaba-gun, Fukushima, 979-1151, Japan.
| | - Tatsuo Torii
- Collaborative Laboratories for Advanced Decommissioning Science (CLADS), Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 790-1 Motooka Ohtsuka, Tomioka Town, Futaba-gun, Fukushima, 979-1151, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Usami
- Collaborative Laboratories for Advanced Decommissioning Science (CLADS), Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 790-1 Motooka Ohtsuka, Tomioka Town, Futaba-gun, Fukushima, 979-1151, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kikuchi
- Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings, Inc., 22 Kitahara, Ottozawa, Ohkuma-machi, Futaba-gun, Fukushima, 979-1301, Japan
| | - Wataru Utsugi
- Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings, Inc., 22 Kitahara, Ottozawa, Ohkuma-machi, Futaba-gun, Fukushima, 979-1301, Japan
| | - Shiro Takahira
- Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings, Inc., 22 Kitahara, Ottozawa, Ohkuma-machi, Futaba-gun, Fukushima, 979-1301, Japan
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18
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Haematological analysis of Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata) in the area affected by the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16748. [PMID: 30425289 PMCID: PMC6233195 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35104-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Several populations of wild Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata) inhabit the area around Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FNPP). To measure and control the size of these populations, macaques are captured annually. Between May 2013 and December 2014, we performed a haematological analysis of Japanese macaques captured within a 40-km radius of FNPP, the location of a nuclear disaster two years post-accident. The dose-rate of radiocaesium was estimated using the ERICA Tool. The median internal dose-rate was 7.6 μGy/day (ranging from 1.8 to 219 μGy/day) and the external dose-rate was 13.9 μGy/day (ranging from 6.7 to 35.1 μGy/day). We performed multiple regression analyses to estimate the dose-rate effects on haematological values in peripheral blood and bone marrow. The white blood cell and platelet counts showed an inverse correlation with the internal dose-rate in mature macaques. Furthermore, the myeloid cell, megakaryocyte, and haematopoietic cell counts were inversely correlated and the occupancy of adipose tissue was positively correlated with internal dose-rate in femoral bone marrow of mature macaques. These relationships suggest that persistent whole body exposure to low-dose-rate radiation affects haematopoiesis in Japanese macaques.
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19
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Suzuki K, Watanabe S, Yuasa Y, Yamashita Y, Arai H, Tanaka H, Kuge T, Mori M, Tsunoda KI, Nohara S, Iwasaki Y, Minai Y, Okada Y, Nagao S. Radiocesium dynamics in the aquatic ecosystem of Lake Onuma on Mt. Akagi following the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant accident. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 622-623:1153-1164. [PMID: 29890584 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Understanding ecosystem dynamics of radionuclides is necessary to ensure effective management for food safety. The Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) accident on March 11, 2011 released large amounts of radiocesium (134Cs and 137Cs) and contaminated the environment across eastern Japan. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the temporal dynamics of 137Cs in the aquatic ecosystem of Lake Onuma on Mt. Akagi. The effective ecological half-life (Teff) of 137Cs in fishes, western waterweed (Elodea nuttallii), seston (phytoplankton and zooplankton), and lake water was estimated using survey data of 137Cs concentration collected from 2011 to 2016, and single- and two-component decay function models (SDM and TDM, respectively). The decay processes of 137Cs concentrations in wakasagi (Hypomesus nipponensis), pale chub (Zacco platypus), phytoplankton, and total 137Cs concentrations of the water column (WC) in the lake were well suited by the TDMs. The Teff in the fast component of the TDMs in these samples ranged from 0.49 to 0.74years. The Teff in the slow component of the TDMs could converge towards the physical half-life of 137Cs. Nearly five and a half years after the FDNPP accident, we concluded that 137Cs concentrations approached a state of dynamic equilibrium between some aquatic organisms (wakasagi, pale chub, and phytoplankton) and the environment (lake water). However, the decay processes of 137Cs concentrations in Japanese dace (Tribolodon hakonensis), western waterweed, zooplankton, and particulate- and dissolved-forms in the WC were better predicted for the SDM. The total 137Cs concentrations in inflowing river and spring waters were one to two orders of magnitude lower than lake water under normal flow conditions. However, particulate 137Cs contamination level in the river water was high after heavy rains. Overall, 137Cs contamination levels have significantly decreased in Lake Onuma, but monitoring surveys should be continued for further understanding of the reduction processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyuma Suzuki
- Gunma Prefectural Fisheries Experiment Station, Japan.
| | - Shun Watanabe
- Gunma Prefectural Fisheries Experiment Station, Japan
| | - Yumi Yuasa
- Gunma Prefectural Fisheries Experiment Station, Japan
| | | | - Hajime Arai
- Gunma Prefectural Fisheries Experiment Station, Japan
| | - Hideki Tanaka
- Gunma Prefectural Fisheries Experiment Station, Japan
| | | | - Masanobu Mori
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Kochi University, Japan
| | - Kin-Ichi Tsunoda
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, Japan
| | | | - Yuichi Iwasaki
- Research Centre for Life and Environmental Sciences, Toyo University, Japan
| | | | - Yukiko Okada
- Atomic Energy Research Laboratory, Tokyo City University, Japan
| | - Seiya Nagao
- Low Level Radioactivity Laboratory, Kanazawa University, Japan
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20
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Fukuda T. Estimation of concentration of radionuclides in skeletal muscle from blood, based on the data from abandoned animals in Fukushima. Anim Sci J 2018; 89:843-847. [PMID: 29696737 PMCID: PMC6001777 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The damage caused by the earthquake on 11 March, 2011 resulted in a serious nuclear accident in Japan. Due to the damage to the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FNPP), large amounts of radioactive substances were released into the environment. In particular, one of the largest safety concerns is radioactive cesium (134Cs and 137Cs). Due to the FNPP nuclear accident, a 20 km area was restricted from human activity, and various types of domestic animals were left in the zone. We collected the organs and tissues from sacrificed animals to obtain scientific data to evaluate the internal deposition of radioactive compounds. At first, we found there is a strong correlation between blood 137Cs and organ 137Cs with data from 44 cattle, indicating that skeletal muscle is the target organ of deposition of radioactive cesium. Second, we analyzed the relationship between blood 137Cs and muscle 137Cs within relatively lower radioactive concentration, suggesting that estimation of concentration of 137Cs is possible from blood concentration of 137Cs. Finally, we developed computer software to estimate the muscle 137Cs concentration from blood samples. Our study contributes to the food safety of livestock products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomokazu Fukuda
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
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21
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Weller A, Hori M, Shozugawa K, Steinhauser G. Rapid ultra-trace determination of Fukushima-derived radionuclides in food. Food Control 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2017.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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22
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Koarai K, Kino Y, Takahashi A, Suzuki T, Shimizu Y, Chiba M, Osaka K, Sasaki K, Urushihara Y, Fukuda T, Isogai E, Yamashiro H, Oka T, Sekine T, Fukumoto M, Shinoda H. 90Sr specific activity of teeth of abandoned cattle after the Fukushima accident - teeth as an indicator of environmental pollution. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2018; 183:1-6. [PMID: 29274551 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2017.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
90Sr specific activity in the teeth of young cattle that were abandoned in Kawauchi village and Okuma town located in the former evacuation areas of the Fukushima-Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FNPP) accident were measured. Additionally, specific activity in contaminated surface soils sampled from the same area was measured. (1) All cattle teeth examined were contaminated with 90Sr. The specific activity, however, varied depending on the developmental stage of the teeth during the FNPP accident; teeth that had started development before the accident exhibited comparatively lower values, while teeth developed mainly after the accident showed higher values. (2) Values of 90Sr-specific activity in teeth formed after the FNPP accident were higher than those of the bulk soil but similar to those in the exchangeable fraction (water and CH3COONH4 soluble fractions) of the soil. The findings suggest that 90Sr was incorporated into the teeth during the process of development, and that 90Sr in the soluble and/or leachable fractions of the soil might migrate into teeth and contribute to the amount of 90Sr in the teeth. Thus, the concentration of 90Sr in teeth formed after the FNPP accident might reflect the extent of 90Sr pollution in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yasushi Kino
- Department of Chemistry, Tohoku University, Japan
| | | | - Toshihiko Suzuki
- Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Japan; International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Japan
| | | | - Mirei Chiba
- Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Japan
| | - Ken Osaka
- Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Japan; International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Emiko Isogai
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Japan
| | | | - Toshitaka Oka
- Department of Chemistry, Tohoku University, Japan; Institute for Excellence in Higher Education, Tohoku University, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Sekine
- Department of Chemistry, Tohoku University, Japan; Institute for Excellence in Higher Education, Tohoku University, Japan.
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23
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Morimoto M, Kato A, Kobayashi J, Okuda K, Kuwahara Y, Kino Y, Abe Y, Sekine T, Fukuda T, Isogai E, Fukumoto M. Gene expression analyses of the small intestine of pigs in the ex-evacuation zone of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant. BMC Vet Res 2017; 13:337. [PMID: 29141628 PMCID: PMC5688657 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-017-1263-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND After the accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant, radioactive contaminants were released over a widespread area. Monitoring the biological effects of radiation exposure in animals in the ex-evacuation zone should be continued to understand the health effects of radiation exposure in humans. The present study aimed to clarify the effects of radiation by investigating whether there is any alteration in the morphology and gene expressions of immune molecules in the intestine of pigs and inobuta (wild boar and domestic pig hybrid) in the ex-evacuation zone in 2012. Gene expression analysis was performed in small intestine samples from pigs, which were collected from January to February 2012, in the ex-evacuation zone. Pigs lived freely in this zone, and their small intestine was considered to be affected by the dietary intake of radioactive contaminants. RESULTS Several genes were selected by microarray analysis for further investigation using real-time polymerase chain reaction. IFN-γ, which is an important inflammatory cytokine, and TLR3, which is a pattern recognize receptor for innate immune system genes, were highly elevated in these pigs. The expressions of the genes of these proteins were associated with the radiation level in the muscles. We also examined the alteration of gene expressions in wild boars 5 years after the disaster. The expression of IFN-γ and TLR3 remained high, and that of Cyclin G1, which is important in the cell cycle, was elevated. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that some changes in gene expression occurred in the small intestine of animals in the ex-evacuation zone after radiation. It is difficult to conclude that these alterations are caused by only artificial radionuclides from the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant. However, the animals in the ex-evacuation zone might have experienced some changes owing to radioactive materials, including contaminated soil, small animals, and insects. We need to continue monitoring the effects of long-term radiation exposure in living things.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoko Morimoto
- School of Food, Agricultural, and Environmental Sciences, Miyagi University, 2-2-1 Hatatate, Taihaku-Ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 982-0215, Japan.
| | - Ayaka Kato
- School of Food, Agricultural, and Environmental Sciences, Miyagi University, 2-2-1 Hatatate, Taihaku-Ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 982-0215, Japan
| | - Jin Kobayashi
- School of Food, Agricultural, and Environmental Sciences, Miyagi University, 2-2-1 Hatatate, Taihaku-Ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 982-0215, Japan
| | - Kei Okuda
- Institute of Environmental Radioactivity, Fukushima University, Kanayagawa, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Kuwahara
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yasushi Kino
- Department of Chemistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Abe
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Shobara, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Sekine
- Institute for Excellence in Higher Education, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Fukuda
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
| | - Emiko Isogai
- Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Manabu Fukumoto
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
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24
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Aoki D, Asai R, Tomioka R, Matsushita Y, Asakura H, Tabuchi M, Fukushima K. Translocation of 133Cs administered to Cryptomeria japonica wood. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 584-585:88-95. [PMID: 28135617 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.01.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
To reveal the in planta behaviour of caesium (Cs), the stable isotope 133Cs was administered into 3-year-old Cryptomeria japonica seedlings by the application of 133CsCl aqueous solution to the bark surface. The administered 133Cs was quantified by ICP-MS measurements, which showed transportation of 133Cs in an ascending direction in the stem. Distribution of 133Cs was visualized using freeze-fixed C. japonica woody stem samples and cryo-time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry/scanning electron microscopy (cryo-TOF-SIMS/SEM) analysis. Cryo-TOF-SIMS/SEM visualization suggested that 133Cs was rapidly transported radially by ray parenchyma cells followed by axial transportation by pith and axial parenchyma cells. Adsorption experiments using powdered C. japonica wood samples and X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) analysis suggested that 133Cs was in the hydrated state following its deposition into tracheid cell walls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Aoki
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan.
| | - Ryutaro Asai
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Rie Tomioka
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Matsushita
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Asakura
- Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts & Batteries (ESICB), Kyoto University, 1-30 Goryo-Ohara, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8245, Japan; Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyotodaigaku Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Masao Tabuchi
- Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Nagoya University, Furo-Cho, Chikusa-Ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Fukushima
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
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25
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Steinhauser G. Monitoring and radioecological characteristics of radiocesium in Japanese beef after the Fukushima nuclear accident. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2017; 311:1367-1373. [PMID: 28250549 PMCID: PMC5306270 DOI: 10.1007/s10967-016-5021-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
After the Fukushima nuclear accident, beef proved to be a problematic food item with several exceedances entering the market. The reason was contaminated rice straw that was fed to cattle. Japanese authorities responded quickly to the exceedances and made beef one of the most-monitored food items after the Fukushima accident with more than a million samples within 5 years. Activity levels dropped quickly and are now considerably below the regulatory limit. No exceedance of the regulatory limit was observed after October 2012. The monitoring campaign focuses on the pre-market to catch any exceedances before they reach the consumer. The analysis also showed that some late beef samples exhibited an unusually high 134Cs/137Cs activity ratio. The reason for this is unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Steinhauser
- Institute of Radioecology and Radiation Protection, Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30419 Hannover, Germany
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26
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Nakamura AJ, Suzuki M, Redon CE, Kuwahara Y, Yamashiro H, Abe Y, Takahashi S, Fukuda T, Isogai E, Bonner WM, Fukumoto M. The Causal Relationship between DNA Damage Induction in Bovine Lymphocytes and the Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant Accident. Radiat Res 2017; 187:630-636. [PMID: 28240558 DOI: 10.1667/rr14630.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FNPP) accident, the largest nuclear incident since the 1986 Chernobyl disaster, occurred when the plant was hit by a tsunami triggered by the Great East Japan Earthquake on March 11, 2011. The subsequent uncontrolled release of radioactive substances resulted in massive evacuations in a 20-km zone. To better understand the biological consequences of the FNPP accident, we have been measuring DNA damage levels in cattle in the evacuation zone. DNA damage was evaluated by assessing the levels of DNA double-strand breaks in peripheral blood lymphocytes by immunocytofluorescence-based quantification of γ-H2AX foci. A greater than two-fold increase in the fraction of damaged lymphocytes was observed in all animal cohorts within the evacuation zone, and the levels of DNA damage decreased slightly over the 700-day sample collection period. While the extent of damage appeared to be independent of the distance from the accident site and the estimated radiation dose from radiocesium, we observed age-dependent accumulation of DNA damage. Thus, this study, which was the first to evaluate the biological impact of the FNPP accident utilizing the γ-H2AX assays, indicated the causal relation between high levels of DNA damage in animals living in the evacuation zone and the FNPP accident.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asako J Nakamura
- a Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Ibaraki University, Mito, Ibaraki, Japan.,b Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Suzuki
- c Department of Pathology, Institutes of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Christophe E Redon
- d Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Yoshikazu Kuwahara
- c Department of Pathology, Institutes of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Hideaki Yamashiro
- e Faculty of Agriculture, Niigata University, Niigata, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Abe
- f National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Shintaro Takahashi
- c Department of Pathology, Institutes of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Fukuda
- g Laboratory of Cell Engineering and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
| | - Emiko Isogai
- h Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - William M Bonner
- d Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Manabu Fukumoto
- c Department of Pathology, Institutes of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
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27
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Wada S, Ito N, Watanabe M, Kakizaki T, Natsuhori M, Kawamata J, Urayama Y. Whole-Body Counter Evaluation of Internal Radioactive Cesium in Dogs and Cats Exposed to the Fukushima Nuclear Disaster. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0169365. [PMID: 28099476 PMCID: PMC5242420 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
As a result of the 2011 nuclear incident that occurred at the Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant, a large number of abandoned dogs and cats were left within the disaster zone. A small number of these animals were rescued and cared for at shelters. Prior to the dispersal of these animals to their owners or fosterers, we evaluated the degree of internal radiocesium contamination using a specially designed whole-body counter. We conducted 863 non-invasive measurements of gamma rays due to internal radioactive cesium for 68 dogs and 120 cats at one shelter. After plotting graphs of 137Cs density we generated exponential functions of decay from seven dogs and six cats. From the regression formulae, we were able to determine the biological half-lives as 38.2 days for dogs and 30.8 days for cats. We found that in dogs there was a correlation between the biological half-life of radioactive cesium and age. Using our data, we estimated whole-body densities for each cat and dog at the time when they were rescued. We found that there were deviations in the data distributions among the different species, likely due to the timing of rescue, or living habits prior to rescue. A significant correlation was found when extracted feline reproductive organs were analyzed; the coefficients for the estimation of whole-body densities were approximately 7-fold higher than those based on the extracted feline reproductive organs. This may be due to the fact that majority of the radioactive cesium accumulates within muscular tissue with less distribution in other organs. It is possible to plan the appropriate management period in an animal shelter based on the use of the biological half-life of radioactive cesium calculated in this study. We believe that the correlations we uncovered in this work would be of great use for the management of companion animals in the event of a future nuclear accident.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiichi Wada
- Laboratory of Veterinary Radiology and Radiation Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Aomori, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Ito
- Laboratory of Veterinary Radiology and Radiation Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Aomori, Japan
| | | | - Takehiko Kakizaki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Radiology and Radiation Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Aomori, Japan
| | - Masahiro Natsuhori
- Laboratory of Veterinary Radiology and Radiation Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Aomori, Japan
| | - Jun Kawamata
- Fukushima Veterinary Medical Association, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Yoshio Urayama
- Fukushima Headquarters for Animal Rescue, Fukushima, Fukushima, Japan
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28
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Takino S, Yamashiro H, Sugano Y, Fujishima Y, Nakata A, Kasai K, Hayashi G, Urushihara Y, Suzuki M, Shinoda H, Miura T, Fukumoto M. Analysis of the Effect of Chronic and Low-Dose Radiation Exposure on Spermatogenic Cells of Male Large Japanese Field Mice ( Apodemus speciosus ) after the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant Accident. Radiat Res 2017; 187:161-168. [PMID: 28092218 DOI: 10.1667/rr14234.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
In this study we analyzed the effect of chronic and low-dose-rate (LDR) radiation on spermatogenic cells of large Japanese field mice ( Apodemus speciosus ) after the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FNPP) accident. In March 2014, large Japanese field mice were collected from two sites located in, and one site adjacent to, the FNPP ex-evacuation zone: Tanashio, Murohara and Akogi, respectively. Testes from these animals were analyzed histologically. External dose rate from radiocesium (combined 134Cs and 137Cs) in these animals at the sampling sites exhibited 21 μGy/day in Tanashio, 304-365 μGy/day in Murohara and 407-447 μGy/day in Akogi. In the Akogi group, the numbers of spermatogenic cells and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)-positive cells per seminiferous tubule were significantly higher compared to the Tanashio and Murohara groups, respectively. TUNEL-positive apoptotic cells tended to be detected at a lower level in the Murohara and Akogi groups compared to the Tanashio group. These results suggest that enhanced spermatogenesis occurred in large Japanese field mice living in and around the FNPP ex-evacuation zone. It remains to be elucidated whether this phenomenon, attributed to chronic exposure to LDR radiation, will benefit or adversely affect large Japanese field mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachio Takino
- a Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, 2-8050 Ikarashi, Nishiku, Niigata, 950-2181, Japan
| | - Hideaki Yamashiro
- a Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, 2-8050 Ikarashi, Nishiku, Niigata, 950-2181, Japan
| | - Yukou Sugano
- a Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, 2-8050 Ikarashi, Nishiku, Niigata, 950-2181, Japan
| | - Yohei Fujishima
- b Graduate School of Health Sciences Hirosaki University, 66-1 Honcho, Hirosaki, 036-8564, Japan
| | - Akifumi Nakata
- c Division of Life Science, Hokkaido Pharmaceutical University School of Pharmacy, 7-15-4-1 Maeda, Teine, Sapporo, 006-8590, Japan; and
| | - Kosuke Kasai
- b Graduate School of Health Sciences Hirosaki University, 66-1 Honcho, Hirosaki, 036-8564, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Hisashi Shinoda
- e Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aobaku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Tomisato Miura
- b Graduate School of Health Sciences Hirosaki University, 66-1 Honcho, Hirosaki, 036-8564, Japan
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29
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Sato I, Sasaki J, Satoh H, Murata T, Otani K, Okada K. Radioactive cesium and potassium in cattle living in the ‘zone in preparation for the lifting of the evacuation order’ of the Fukushima nuclear accident. Anim Sci J 2016; 88:1021-1026. [DOI: 10.1111/asj.12749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Revised: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Itaru Sato
- Faculty of Agriculture; Iwate University; Morioka Japan
| | - Jun Sasaki
- Faculty of Agriculture; Iwate University; Morioka Japan
| | - Hiroshi Satoh
- Faculty of Agriculture; Iwate University; Morioka Japan
| | - Takahisa Murata
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences; The University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - Kumiko Otani
- Society for Animal Refugee and Environment post Nuclear Disaster; Tokyo Japan
| | - Keiji Okada
- Faculty of Agriculture; Iwate University; Morioka Japan
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30
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Fuma S, Kubota Y, Ihara S, Takahashi H, Watanabe Y, Aono T, Soeda H, Yoshida S. Radiocaesium contamination of wild boars in Fukushima and surrounding regions after the Fukushima nuclear accident. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2016; 164:60-64. [PMID: 27423074 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Analysis of radioactivity data obtained under the food monitoring campaign in Japan indicates that elevated 134Cs+137Cs activity concentrations in wild boar meat remained constant or slowly decreased in Fukushima and surrounding prefectures from 2011 to 2015. The activity concentrations in some samples are still over the regulatory limit of 100 Bq kg-1 fresh weight, even in 2015. Activity concentrations of 137Cs in muscle of wild boars we captured in 2011 were higher than those in kidney, liver, spleen, heart and lung. A food processing retention factor, Fr, was 0.5 or 0.6 for 137Cs when the wild boar meat was boiled, suggesting that a parboiling process is effective for reduction of radiocaesium intake from wild boar meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoichi Fuma
- Fukushima Project Headquarters, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan.
| | - Yoshihisa Kubota
- Fukushima Project Headquarters, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Sadao Ihara
- Hokkaido University of Education Kushiro Campus, 1-15-55 Shiroyama, Kushiro, Hokkaido 085-8580, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Takahashi
- Tokyo Nuclear Services Co., Ltd., Sorimachi Building, 1-3-5 Taito, Taito-ku, Tokyo 110-0016, Japan
| | - Yoshito Watanabe
- Fukushima Project Headquarters, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Aono
- Fukushima Project Headquarters, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Haruhi Soeda
- Fukushima Project Headquarters, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yoshida
- Department of Management and Planning, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
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31
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Hayashi C, Nakamura K, Hongo T, Hashimoto H, Harada R, Nakanishi K, Ishii T. Surveillance of Radioactive Cesium in Meats of Wild Animals Caught in Chiba Prefecture. Food Hygiene and Safety Science (Shokuhin Eiseigaku Zasshi) 2016; 57:32-6. [PMID: 27211916 DOI: 10.3358/shokueishi.57.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
From fiscal year 2012 to 2014, we surveyed the concentration of radioactive cesium in 39 wild animal meats obtained from 20 wild boars and 19 deer caught in Chiba prefecture, using a germanium semiconductor detector. Four wild boar meats in the fiscal years 2012 and 2013 exceeded the radioactive cesium limit in general foods (100 Bq/kg), whereas none of the deer meats exceeded the limit. The left side of the wild boar that showed a radioactive cesium concentration above 100 Bq/kg was divided into 14 parts. We compared the radioactive cesium concentration in the ham used for the screening test with those in other parts. The concentration was highest in ham, among the edible parts.
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32
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Urushihara Y, Kawasumi K, Endo S, Tanaka K, Hirakawa Y, Hayashi G, Sekine T, Kino Y, Kuwahara Y, Suzuki M, Fukumoto M, Yamashiro H, Abe Y, Fukuda T, Shinoda H, Isogai E, Arai T, Fukumoto M. Analysis of Plasma Protein Concentrations and Enzyme Activities in Cattle within the Ex-Evacuation Zone of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Plant Accident. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155069. [PMID: 27159386 PMCID: PMC4861266 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FNPP) accident on humans and the environment is a global concern. We performed biochemical analyses of plasma from 49 Japanese Black cattle that were euthanized in the ex-evacuation zone set within a 20-km radius of FNPP. Among radionuclides attributable to the FNPP accident, germanium gamma-ray spectrometry detected photopeaks only from 134Cs and 137Cs (radiocesium) commonly in the organs and in soil examined. Radioactivity concentration of radiocesium was the highest in skeletal muscles. Assuming that the animal body was composed of only skeletal muscles, the median of internal dose rate from radiocesium was 12.5 μGy/day (ranging from 1.6 to 33.9 μGy/day). The median of external dose rate calculating from the place the cattle were caught was 18.8 μGy/day (6.0-133.4 μGy/day). The median of internal and external (total) dose rate of the individual cattle was 26.9 μGy/day (9.1-155.1 μGy/day). Plasma levels of malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase activity were positively and glutathione peroxidase activity was negatively correlated with internal dose rate. Plasma alanine transaminase activity and percent activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)-2, LDH-3 and LDH-4 were positively and LDH-1 was negatively correlated with both internal and total dose rate. These suggest that chronic exposure to low-dose rate of ionizing radiation induces slight stress resulting in modified plasma protein and enzyme levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Urushihara
- Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- Fukushima Project Headquarters, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Chiba, Japan
| | - Koh Kawasumi
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoru Endo
- Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kenichi Tanaka
- Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yasuko Hirakawa
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Gohei Hayashi
- Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Sekine
- Institute for Excellence in Higher Education, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yasushi Kino
- Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Kuwahara
- Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Suzuki
- Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Motoi Fukumoto
- Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | | | - Yasuyuki Abe
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Fukuda
- Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Hisashi Shinoda
- Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Emiko Isogai
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Toshiro Arai
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Manabu Fukumoto
- Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- * E-mail:
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33
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Koarai K, Kino Y, Takahashi A, Suzuki T, Shimizu Y, Chiba M, Osaka K, Sasaki K, Fukuda T, Isogai E, Yamashiro H, Oka T, Sekine T, Fukumoto M, Shinoda H. (90)Sr in teeth of cattle abandoned in evacuation zone: Record of pollution from the Fukushima-Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24077. [PMID: 27045764 PMCID: PMC4820720 DOI: 10.1038/srep24077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we determined the 90Sr concentrations in the teeth of cattle abandoned in the evacuation area of the Fukushima-Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FNPP) accident. 90Sr activity concentrations in the teeth varied from 6–831 mBq (g Ca)−1 and exhibited a positive relationship with the degree of radioactive contamination that the cattle experienced. Even within an individual animal, the specific activity of 90Sr (Bq (g Sr)−1) varied depending on the development stage of the teeth during the FNPP accident: teeth that were early in development exhibited high 90Sr specific activities, while teeth that were late in development exhibited low specific activities. These findings demonstrate that 90Sr is incorporated into the teeth during tooth development; thus, tooth 90Sr activity concentrations reflect environmental 90Sr levels during tooth formation. Assessment of 90Sr in teeth could provide useful information about internal exposure to 90Sr radiation and allow for the measurement of time-course changes in the degree of environmental 90Sr pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yasushi Kino
- Department of Chemistry, Tohoku University, Japan
| | | | - Toshihiko Suzuki
- Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Japan.,International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Japan
| | | | - Mirei Chiba
- Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Japan
| | - Ken Osaka
- Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Japan.,International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Japan
| | | | - Tomokazu Fukuda
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Japan
| | - Emiko Isogai
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Japan
| | | | - Toshitaka Oka
- Department of Chemistry, Tohoku University, Japan.,Institute for Excellence in Higher Education, Tohoku University, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Sekine
- Department of Chemistry, Tohoku University, Japan.,Institute for Excellence in Higher Education, Tohoku University, Japan
| | - Manabu Fukumoto
- Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Japan
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34
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Takahashi S, Inoue K, Suzuki M, Urushihara Y, Kuwahara Y, Hayashi G, Shiga S, Fukumoto M, Kino Y, Sekine T, Abe Y, Fukuda T, Isogai E, Yamashiro H, Fukumoto M. A comprehensive dose evaluation project concerning animals affected by the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident: its set-up and progress. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2015; 56 Suppl 1:i36-i41. [PMID: 26687285 PMCID: PMC4732532 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrv069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Revised: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
It is not an exaggeration to say that, without nuclear accidents or the analysis of radiation therapy, there is no way in which we are able to quantify radiation effects on humans. Therefore, the livestock abandoned in the ex-evacuation zone and euthanized due to the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FNPP) accident are extremely valuable for analyzing the environmental pollution, its biodistribution, the metabolism of radionuclides, dose evaluation and the influence of internal exposure. We, therefore, sought to establish an archive system and to open it to researchers for increasing our understanding of radiation biology and improving protection against radiation. The sample bank of animals affected by the FNPP accident consists of frozen tissue samples, formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded specimens, dose of radionuclides deposited, etc., with individual sampling data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shintaro Takahashi
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University
| | - Kazuya Inoue
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University
| | - Masatoshi Suzuki
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University
| | - Yusuke Urushihara
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University
| | - Yoshikazu Kuwahara
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University
| | - Gohei Hayashi
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University
| | - Soichiro Shiga
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University
| | - Motoi Fukumoto
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University
| | | | - Tsutomu Sekine
- Institute for Excellence in Higher Education, Tohoku University
| | - Yasuyuki Abe
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine
| | | | - Emiko Isogai
- Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tohoku University
| | | | - Manabu Fukumoto
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University
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Kuroda K, Kiyono T, Isogai E, Masuda M, Narita M, Okuno K, Koyanagi Y, Fukuda T. Immortalization of Fetal Bovine Colon Epithelial Cells by Expression of Human Cyclin D1, Mutant Cyclin Dependent Kinase 4, and Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase: An In Vitro Model for Bacterial Infection. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143473. [PMID: 26624883 PMCID: PMC4666463 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cattle are the economically important animals in human society. They are essential for the production of livestock products such as milk and meats. The production efficiency of livestock products is negatively impacted by infection with zoonotic pathogens. To prevent and control infectious diseases, it is important to understand the interaction between cattle tissue and pathogenic bacteria. In this study, we established an in vitro infection model of an immortalized bovine colon-derived epithelial cell line by transducing the cells with lentiviral vectors containing genes encoding cell cycle regulators cyclin D1, mutant cyclin dependent kinase 4 (CDK4), and human telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT). The established cell line showed continuous cell proliferation, expression of epithelial markers, and an intact karyotype, indicating that the cells maintained their original nature as colon-derived epithelium. Furthermore, we exposed the established cell line to two strains of Salmonella enterica and EHEC. Interestingly, S. Typhimurium showed higher affinity for the established cell line and invaded the cytoplasm than S. Enteritidis. Quantitative RT-PCR revealed that gene expression of Toll-like receptor 1 (TLR1), TLR 2 and TLR 3, whereas TLR 4, 5 and 6 were not detectable in established cells. Our established immortalized colon-derived epithelial cell should be a useful tool for studies evaluating the molecular mechanisms underlying bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kengo Kuroda
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 1–1 Tsutsumidori-Amamiyamachi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Tohru Kiyono
- Division of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail: (TK); (TF)
| | - Emiko Isogai
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 1–1 Tsutsumidori-Amamiyamachi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Mizuki Masuda
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 1–1 Tsutsumidori-Amamiyamachi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Moe Narita
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 1–1 Tsutsumidori-Amamiyamachi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Katsuya Okuno
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 1–1 Tsutsumidori-Amamiyamachi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yukako Koyanagi
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 1–1 Tsutsumidori-Amamiyamachi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Fukuda
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 1–1 Tsutsumidori-Amamiyamachi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- * E-mail: (TK); (TF)
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Yamashiro H, Abe Y, Hayashi G, Urushihara Y, Kuwahara Y, Suzuki M, Kobayashi J, Kino Y, Fukuda T, Tong B, Takino S, Sugano Y, Sugimura S, Yamada T, Isogai E, Fukumoto M. Electron probe X-ray microanalysis of boar and inobuta testes after the Fukushima accident. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2015; 56 Suppl 1:i42-47. [PMID: 26825300 PMCID: PMC4732533 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrv070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the effect of chronic radiation exposure associated with the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FNPP) accident on the testes of boar and inobuta (a hybrid of Sus scrofa and Sus scrofa domestica). This study examined the contamination levels of radioactive caesium (Cs), especially (134)Cs and (137)Cs, in the testis of both boar and inobuta during 2012, after the Fukushima accident. Morphological analysis and electron-probe X-ray microanalysis (EPMA) were also undertaken on the testes. The (134)Cs and (137)Cs levels were 6430 ± 23 and 6820 ± 32 Bq/kg in the boar testes, and 755 ± 13 and 747 ± 17 Bq/kg in the inobuta testes, respectively. The internal and external exposure of total (134)Cs and (137)Cs in the boar testes were 47.1 mGy and 176.2 mGy, respectively, whereas in the inobuta testes, these levels were 6.09 mGy and 59.8 mGy, respectively. Defective spermatogenesis was not detected by the histochemical analysis of radiation-exposed testes for either animal. In neither animal were Cs molecules detected, using EPMA. In conclusion, we showed that adverse radiation-induced effects were not detected in the examined boar and inobuta testes following the chronic radiation exposure associated with the FNPP accident.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yasuyuki Abe
- Research Centre for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Japan
| | - Gohei Hayashi
- Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yusuke Urushihara
- Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Kuwahara
- Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Suzuki
- Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Jin Kobayashi
- School of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Miyagi University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Kino
- Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Fukuda
- Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Bin Tong
- Faculty of Agriculture, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Sachio Takino
- Faculty of Agriculture, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yukou Sugano
- Faculty of Agriculture, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Satoshi Sugimura
- Institute of Agriculture, Department of Biological Production, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Emiko Isogai
- Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Manabu Fukumoto
- Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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37
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Fukuda T, Hiji M, Kino Y, Abe Y, Yamashiro H, Kobayashi J, Shimizu Y, Takahashi A, Suzuki T, Chiba M, Inoue K, Kuwahara Y, Morimoto M, Katayama M, Donai K, Shinoda H, Sekine T, Fukumoto M, Isogai E. Software development for estimating the concentration of radioactive cesium in the skeletal muscles of cattle from blood samples. Anim Sci J 2015; 87:842-7. [DOI: 10.1111/asj.12490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Revised: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomokazu Fukuda
- Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences; Tohoku University; Sendai Japan
- Tohoku Agricultural Science Center for Reconstruction; Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tohoku University; Sendai Japan
| | | | - Yasushi Kino
- Department of Chemistry; Tohoku University; Sendai Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Abe
- National Research Center for Protozoa Diseases; Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine; Obihiro Japan
| | | | - Jin Kobayashi
- Miyagi University, School of Food; Agricultural and Environmental Sciences; Miyagi Japan
| | | | | | | | - Mirei Chiba
- Graduate School of Dentistry; Tohoku University; Sendai Japan
| | - Kazuya Inoue
- Department of Pathology; Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University; Sendai Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Kuwahara
- Department of Pathology; Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University; Sendai Japan
| | - Motoko Morimoto
- Miyagi University, School of Food; Agricultural and Environmental Sciences; Miyagi Japan
| | - Masafumi Katayama
- Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences; Tohoku University; Sendai Japan
| | - Kenichiro Donai
- Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences; Tohoku University; Sendai Japan
| | - Hisashi Shinoda
- Graduate School of Dentistry; Tohoku University; Sendai Japan
| | - Tsutomu Sekine
- Center for the Advancement of Higher Education; Tohoku University; Sendai Japan
| | - Manabu Fukumoto
- Department of Pathology; Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University; Sendai Japan
| | - Emiko Isogai
- Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences; Tohoku University; Sendai Japan
- Tohoku Agricultural Science Center for Reconstruction; Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tohoku University; Sendai Japan
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Jeffree RA, Oberhansli F, Teyssie JL, Fowler SW. Maternal transfer of anthropogenic radionuclides to eggs in a small shark. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2015; 147:43-50. [PMID: 26026984 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2015.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Revised: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Maternal transfer of radionuclides to progeny is one of the least known sources of contamination in marine biota and more information is needed to assess its radiological significance. A radiotracer study on spotted dogfish, Scyliorhinus canicula, evaluated the hypothesis that four anthropogenic radionuclides (Cobalt-60, Zinc-65, Americium-241 and Cesium-134) could be maternally transferred to eggs and each of their major components during maternal ingestion of radiolabelled food. The linear regressions between cumulative radioactivity that had been maternally ingested and the level in subsequently laid eggs were used to derive maternal-to-egg transfer factors (mTFs). These maternal transfers varied over an order of magnitude and were ranked (134)Cs > (65)Zn > (60)Co > (241)Am. This ranking was the same as their relative assimilation efficiencies in radiolabelled food consumed by adults. Among these four radionuclides the potential radiological exposure of embryos is accentuated for (65)Zn and (134)Cs due to their predominant transfer to egg yolk where they are available for subsequent absorption by the embryo as it develops prior to hatching from the egg capsule. Thus, for cartilaginous fish like shark, the potential radioecological consequences of a pulsed release of these radionuclides into the marine environment may extend beyond the temporal duration of the release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross A Jeffree
- IAEA Environment Laboratories, 4 Quai Antoine, MC 98000, Monaco.
| | | | | | - Scott W Fowler
- Institute Bobby, 8 Allee des Orangers, 06320, Cap d'Ail, France
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Sato I, Sasaki J, Satoh H, Deguchi Y, Otani K, Okada K. Distribution of radioactive cesium and its seasonal variations in cattle living in the "difficult-to-return zone" of the Fukushima nuclear accident. Anim Sci J 2015; 87:607-11. [DOI: 10.1111/asj.12463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Revised: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Itaru Sato
- Faculty of Agriculture; Iwate University; Morioka
| | - Jun Sasaki
- Faculty of Agriculture; Iwate University; Morioka
| | | | | | - Kumiko Otani
- Society for Animal Refugee and Environment post Nuclear Disaster; Tokyo Japan
| | - Keiji Okada
- Faculty of Agriculture; Iwate University; Morioka
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40
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Tanoi K, Uchida K, Doi C, Nihei N, Hirose A, Kobayashi NI, Sugita R, Nobori T, Nakanishi TM, Kanno M, Wakabayashi I, Ogawa M, Tao Y. Investigation of radiocesium distribution in organs of wild boar grown in Iitate, Fukushima after the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant accident. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-015-4233-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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41
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Koike M, Yutoku Y, Koike A. Dynamic changes in subcellular localization of cattle XLF during cell cycle, and focus formation of cattle XLF at DNA damage sites immediately after irradiation. J Vet Med Sci 2015; 77:1109-14. [PMID: 25947322 PMCID: PMC4591152 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.14-0516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinically, many chemotherapeutics and ionizing radiation (IR) have been applied for the treatment of various types of human and animal malignancies. These treatments kill tumor cells by causing DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). Core factors of classical nonhomologous DNA-end joining (C-NHEJ) play a vital role in DSB repair. Thus, it is indispensable to clarify the mechanisms of C-NHEJ in order to develop next-generation chemotherapeutics for cancer. The XRCC4-like factor (XLF; also called Cernunnos or NHEJ1) is the lastly identified core NHEJ factor. The localization of core NHEJ factors might play a critical role in regulating NHEJ activity. The localization and function of XLF have not been elucidated in animal species other than mice and humans. Domestic cattle (Bos taurus) are the most common and vital domestic animals in many countries. Here, we show that the localization of cattle XLF changes dynamically during the cell cycle. Furthermore, EYFP-cattle XLF accumulates quickly at microirradiated sites and colocalizes with the DSB marker γH2AX. Moreover, nuclear localization and accumulation of cattle XLF at DSB sites are dependent on 12 amino acids (288-299) of the C-terminal region of XLF (XLF CTR). Furthermore, basic amino acids on the XLF CTR are highly conserved among domestic animals including cattle, goat and horses, suggesting that the CTR is essential for the function of XLF in domestic animals. These findings might be useful to develop the molecular-targeting therapeutic drug taking XLF as a target molecule for human and domestic animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Koike
- Research Center for Charged Particle Therapy, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
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42
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Kubota Y, Takahashi H, Watanabe Y, Fuma S, Kawaguchi I, Aoki M, Kubota M, Furuhata Y, Shigemura Y, Yamada F, Ishikawa T, Obara S, Yoshida S. Estimation of absorbed radiation dose rates in wild rodents inhabiting a site severely contaminated by the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant accident. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2015; 142:124-131. [PMID: 25666988 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2015.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Revised: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The dose rates of radiation absorbed by wild rodents inhabiting a site severely contaminated by the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant accident were estimated. The large Japanese field mouse (Apodemus speciosus), also called the wood mouse, was the major rodent species captured in the sampling area, although other species of rodents, such as small field mice (Apodemus argenteus) and Japanese grass voles (Microtus montebelli), were also collected. The external exposure of rodents calculated from the activity concentrations of radiocesium ((134)Cs and (137)Cs) in litter and soil samples using the ERICA (Environmental Risk from Ionizing Contaminants: Assessment and Management) tool under the assumption that radionuclides existed as the infinite plane isotropic source was almost the same as those measured directly with glass dosimeters embedded in rodent abdomens. Our findings suggest that the ERICA tool is useful for estimating external dose rates to small animals inhabiting forest floors; however, the estimated dose rates showed large standard deviations. This could be an indication of the inhomogeneous distribution of radionuclides in the sampled litter and soil. There was a 50-fold difference between minimum and maximum whole-body activity concentrations measured in rodents at the time of capture. The radionuclides retained in rodents after capture decreased exponentially over time. Regression equations indicated that the biological half-life of radiocesium after capture was 3.31 d. At the time of capture, the lowest activity concentration was measured in the lung and was approximately half of the highest concentration measured in the mixture of muscle and bone. The average internal absorbed dose rate was markedly smaller than the average external dose rate (<10% of the total absorbed dose rate). The average total absorbed dose rate to wild rodents inhabiting the sampling area was estimated to be approximately 52 μGy h(-1) (1.2 mGy d(-1)), even 3 years after the accident. This dose rate exceeds 0.1-1 mGy d(-1) derived consideration reference level for Reference rat proposed by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihisa Kubota
- Project for Environmental Dynamics and Radiation Effects, Fukushima Project Headquarters, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Takahashi
- Tokyo Nuclear Services Co., Ltd., 1-3-5 Taito, Taito-ku, Tokyo 110-0016, Japan
| | - Yoshito Watanabe
- Project for Environmental Dynamics and Radiation Effects, Fukushima Project Headquarters, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Shoichi Fuma
- Project for Environmental Dynamics and Radiation Effects, Fukushima Project Headquarters, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Isao Kawaguchi
- Project for Environmental Dynamics and Radiation Effects, Fukushima Project Headquarters, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Masanari Aoki
- Japan Wildlife Research Center, 3-3-7 Koutoubashi, Sumida-ku, Tokyo 130-8606, Japan
| | - Masahide Kubota
- Japan Wildlife Research Center, 3-3-7 Koutoubashi, Sumida-ku, Tokyo 130-8606, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Furuhata
- Japan Wildlife Research Center, 3-3-7 Koutoubashi, Sumida-ku, Tokyo 130-8606, Japan
| | - Yusaku Shigemura
- Japan NUS Co., Ltd., 7-5-25 Nishi-shinjyuku, Shinjyuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Fumio Yamada
- Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, 1 Matsunosato, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8687, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ishikawa
- Department of Technical Support and Development, Research, Development and Support Centre, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Satoshi Obara
- Medical Radiation Exposure Project, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yoshida
- Project for Environmental Dynamics and Radiation Effects, Fukushima Project Headquarters, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
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NAKANISHI H, MORI A, TAKEDA K, TANAKA H, KOBAYASHI N, TANOI K, YAMAKAWA T, MORI S. Discovery of radioactive silver ((110m)Ag) in spiders and other fauna in the terrestrial environment after the meltdown of Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant. PROCEEDINGS OF THE JAPAN ACADEMY. SERIES B, PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2015; 91:160-174. [PMID: 25864469 PMCID: PMC4568287 DOI: 10.2183/pjab.91.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Six months after the explosion of TEPCO's Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant, radioactive silver ((110m)Ag), was detected in concentrations of 3754 Bq/kg in Nephila clavata (the orb-web spider; Joro-gumo in Japanese) collected at Nimaibashi, Iitate village in Fukushima Prefecture, whereas (110m)Ag in the soil was 43.1 Bq/kg. A survey of 35 faunal species in the terrestrial environment during the 3.5 years after the accident showed that most of Anthropoda had two orders higher (110m)Ag in their tissues than soils, although silver is not an essential element for their life. However, tracing of the activity of (110m)Ag detected in spider Atypus karschi collected regularly at a fixed location showed that it declined much faster than the physical half-life. These results suggest that (110m)Ag was at once biologically concentrated by faunal species, especially Arthropoda, through food chain. The factors affecting the subsequent rapid decline of (110m)Ag concentration in faunal species are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromi NAKANISHI
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The
University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi MORI
- The University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo,
Japan
| | - Kouki TAKEDA
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The
University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Houdo TANAKA
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The
University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Natsuko KOBAYASHI
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The
University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keitaro TANOI
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The
University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi YAMAKAWA
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The
University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi MORI
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The
University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Sato I, Okada K, Sasaki J, Chida H, Satoh H, Miura K, Kikuchi K, Otani K, Sato S. Distribution of radioactive cesium and stable cesium in cattle kept on a highly contaminated area of Fukushima nuclear accident. Anim Sci J 2014; 86:716-20. [DOI: 10.1111/asj.12345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Itaru Sato
- Faculty of Agriculture; Iwate University; Morioka Japan
| | - Keiji Okada
- Faculty of Agriculture; Iwate University; Morioka Japan
| | - Jun Sasaki
- Faculty of Agriculture; Iwate University; Morioka Japan
| | | | - Hiroshi Satoh
- Faculty of Agriculture; Iwate University; Morioka Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Miura
- Tanko District Agricultural Mutual Aid Association; Oshu
| | - Kaoru Kikuchi
- Tanko District Agricultural Mutual Aid Association; Oshu
| | | | - Shusuke Sato
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science; Tohoku University; Osaki Japan
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45
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Fukuda T, Kino Y, Abe Y, Yamashiro H, Kobayashi J, Shimizu Y, Takahashi A, Suzuki T, Chiba M, Takahashi S, Inoue K, Kuwahara Y, Morimoto M, Shinoda H, Hiji M, Sekine T, Fukumoto M, Isogai E. Cesium radioactivity in peripheral blood is linearly correlated to that in skeletal muscle: Analyses of cattle within the evacuation zone of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant. Anim Sci J 2014; 86:120-4. [DOI: 10.1111/asj.12301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomokazu Fukuda
- Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences; Tohoku University; Sendai Miyagi Japan
| | - Yasushi Kino
- Department of Chemistry; Tohoku University; Sendai Miyagi Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Abe
- National Research Center for Protozoa Diseases; Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine; Obihiro Hokkaido Japan
| | | | - Jin Kobayashi
- Miyagi University; School of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences; Miyagi Japan
| | - Yoshinaka Shimizu
- Graduate School of Dentistry; Tohoku University; Sendai Miyagi Japan
| | | | - Toshihiko Suzuki
- Graduate School of Dentistry; Tohoku University; Sendai Miyagi Japan
| | - Mirei Chiba
- Graduate School of Dentistry; Tohoku University; Sendai Miyagi Japan
| | - Shintaro Takahashi
- Department of Pathology; Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer; Tohoku University; Sendai Miyagi Japan
| | - Kazuya Inoue
- Department of Pathology; Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer; Tohoku University; Sendai Miyagi Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Kuwahara
- Department of Pathology; Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer; Tohoku University; Sendai Miyagi Japan
| | - Motoko Morimoto
- Miyagi University; School of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences; Miyagi Japan
| | - Hisashi Shinoda
- Graduate School of Dentistry; Tohoku University; Sendai Miyagi Japan
| | - Masahiro Hiji
- Hitachi Solutions East Japan, Ltd; Sendai Miyagi Japan
| | - Tsutomu Sekine
- Center for the Advancement of Higher Education; Tohoku University; Sendai Miyagi Japan
| | - Manabu Fukumoto
- Department of Pathology; Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer; Tohoku University; Sendai Miyagi Japan
| | - Emiko Isogai
- Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences; Tohoku University; Sendai Miyagi Japan
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46
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Fukumoto M. Radiation pathology: From thorotrast to the future beyond radioresistance. Pathol Int 2014; 64:251-62. [DOI: 10.1111/pin.12170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Fukumoto
- Department of Pathology; Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer; Tohoku University; Sendai Japan
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Nohara C, Hiyama A, Taira W, Tanahara A, Otaki JM. The biological impacts of ingested radioactive materials on the pale grass blue butterfly. Sci Rep 2014; 4:4946. [PMID: 24844938 PMCID: PMC4027884 DOI: 10.1038/srep04946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A massive amount of radioactive materials has been released into the environment by the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant accident, but its biological impacts have rarely been examined. Here, we have quantitatively evaluated the relationship between the dose of ingested radioactive cesium and mortality and abnormality rates using the pale grass blue butterfly, Zizeeria maha. When larvae from Okinawa, which is likely the least polluted locality in Japan, were fed leaves collected from polluted localities, mortality and abnormality rates increased sharply at low doses in response to the ingested cesium dose. This dose-response relationship was best fitted by power function models, which indicated that the half lethal and abnormal doses were 1.9 and 0.76 Bq per larva, corresponding to 54,000 and 22,000 Bq per kilogram body weight, respectively. Both the retention of radioactive cesium in a pupa relative to the ingested dose throughout the larval stage and the accumulation of radioactive cesium in a pupa relative to the activity concentration in a diet were highest at the lowest level of cesium ingested. We conclude that the risk of ingesting a polluted diet is realistic, at least for this butterfly, and likely for certain other organisms living in the polluted area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiyo Nohara
- The BCPH Unit of Molecular Physiology, Department of Chemistry, Biology and Marine Science, Faculty of Science
| | - Atsuki Hiyama
- The BCPH Unit of Molecular Physiology, Department of Chemistry, Biology and Marine Science, Faculty of Science
| | - Wataru Taira
- The BCPH Unit of Molecular Physiology, Department of Chemistry, Biology and Marine Science, Faculty of Science
| | - Akira Tanahara
- Instrumental Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan
| | - Joji M. Otaki
- The BCPH Unit of Molecular Physiology, Department of Chemistry, Biology and Marine Science, Faculty of Science
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Steinhauser G. Fukushima's forgotten radionuclides: a review of the understudied radioactive emissions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2014; 48:4649-4663. [PMID: 24754713 DOI: 10.1021/es405654c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In environmental monitoring campaigns for anthropogenic radionuclides released in the course of the Fukushima nuclear accident (2011), most focus had been on gamma-emitting radionuclides. More than 99% of the released activity was due to radionuclides of the elements Kr, Te, I, Xe, and Cs. However, little work had been done on the monitoring of radionuclides other than (131)I, (132)Te, (134)Cs, (136)Cs, and (137)Cs. Radionuclides such as those of less volatile elements (e.g., (89)Sr, (90)Sr, (103)Ru, (106)Ru, plutonium), pure beta-emitters ((3)H, (14)C, (35)S), gaseous radionuclides ((85)Kr, (133)Xe, (135)Xe) or radionuclides with very long half-lives (e.g., (36)Cl, (99)Tc, (129)I, some actinides such as (236)U) have been understudied by comparison. In this review, we summarize previous monitoring work on these "orphan" radionuclides in various environmental media and outline further challenges for future monitoring campaigns. Some of the understudied radionuclides are of radiological concern, others are promising tracers for environmental, geochemical processes such as oceanic mixing. Unfortunately, the shorter-lived nuclides of radioxenon, (103)Ru, (89)Sr and (35)S will no longer exhibit detectable activities in the environment. Activity concentrations of other radionuclides such as tritium, (14)C, or (85)Kr will become blurred in the significant background of previous releases (nuclear explosions and previous accidents). Isotope ratios such as (240)Pu/(239)Pu will allow for the identification of Fukushima plutonium despite the plutonium background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Steinhauser
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University , Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
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Lepage H, Evrard O, Onda Y, Patin J, Chartin C, Lefèvre I, Bonté P, Ayrault S. Environmental mobility of (110m)Ag: lessons learnt from Fukushima accident (Japan) and potential use for tracking the dispersion of contamination within coastal catchments. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2014; 130:44-55. [PMID: 24418953 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2013.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Revised: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Silver-110 metastable ((110m)Ag) has been far less investigated than other anthropogenic radionuclides, although it has the potential to accumulate in plants and animal tissues. It is continuously produced by nuclear power plants in normal conditions, but emitted in much larger quantities in accidental conditions facilitating its detection, which allows the investigation of its behaviour in the environment. We analysed (110m)Ag in soil and river drape sediment (i.e., mud drapes deposited on channel-bed sand) collected within coastal catchments contaminated in Fukushima Prefecture (Japan) after the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant accident that occurred on 11 March 2011. Several field experiments were conducted to document radiosilver behaviour in the terrestrial environment, with a systematic comparison to the more documented radiocesium behaviour. Results show a similar and low mobility for both elements in soils and a strong affinity with the clay fraction. Measurements conducted on sediment sequences accumulated in reservoirs tend to confirm a comparable deposition of those radionuclides even after their redistribution due to erosion and deposition processes. Therefore, as the (110m)Ag:(137)Cs initial activity ratio varied in soils across the area, we justified the relevance of using this tool to track the dispersion of contaminated sediment from the main inland radioactive pollution plume generated by FDNPP accident.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Lepage
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (LSCE/IPSL), Unité Mixte de Recherche 8212 (CEA, CNRS, UVSQ), F-91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France.
| | - Olivier Evrard
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (LSCE/IPSL), Unité Mixte de Recherche 8212 (CEA, CNRS, UVSQ), F-91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France.
| | - Yuichi Onda
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Center for Research in Isotopes and Environmental Dynamics (CRIED), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan.
| | - Jeremy Patin
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Center for Research in Isotopes and Environmental Dynamics (CRIED), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan.
| | - Caroline Chartin
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (LSCE/IPSL), Unité Mixte de Recherche 8212 (CEA, CNRS, UVSQ), F-91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France.
| | - Irène Lefèvre
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (LSCE/IPSL), Unité Mixte de Recherche 8212 (CEA, CNRS, UVSQ), F-91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France.
| | - Philippe Bonté
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (LSCE/IPSL), Unité Mixte de Recherche 8212 (CEA, CNRS, UVSQ), F-91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France.
| | - Sophie Ayrault
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (LSCE/IPSL), Unité Mixte de Recherche 8212 (CEA, CNRS, UVSQ), F-91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France.
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50
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Sasaki H, Shirato S, Tahara T, Sato K, Takenaka H. Accumulation of radioactive cesium released from Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant in terrestrial cyanobacteria Nostoc commune. Microbes Environ 2013; 28:466-9. [PMID: 24256969 PMCID: PMC4070698 DOI: 10.1264/jsme2.me13035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident released large amounts of radioactive substances into the environment and contaminated the soil of Tohoku and Kanto districts in Japan. Removal of radioactive material from the environment is an urgent problem, and soil purification using plants is being considered. In this study, we investigated the ability of 12 seed plant species and a cyanobacterium to accumulate radioactive material. The plants did not accumulate radioactive material at high levels, but high accumulation was observed in the terrestrial cyanobacterium Nostoc commune. In Nihonmatsu City, Fukushima Prefecture, N. commune accumulated 415,000 Bq/kg dry weight 134Cs and 607,000 Bq kg−1 dry weight 137Cs. The concentration of cesium in N. commune tended to be high in areas where soil radioactivity was high. A cultivation experiment confirmed that N. commune absorbed radioactive cesium from polluted soil. These data demonstrated that radiological absorption using N. commune might be suitable for decontaminating polluted soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Sasaki
- College of Science and Engineering, Iwaki Meisei University
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