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Agbaje AO, Perng W, Tuomainen TP. Effects of accelerometer-based sedentary time and physical activity on DEXA-measured fat mass in 6059 children. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8232. [PMID: 38086810 PMCID: PMC10716139 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43316-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Globally, childhood obesity is on the rise and the effect of objectively measured movement behaviour on body composition remains unclear. Longitudinal and causal mediation relationships of accelerometer-based sedentary time (ST), light physical activity (LPA), and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry-measured fat mass were examined in 6059 children aged 11 years followed-up until age 24 years from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), UK birth cohort. Over 13-year follow-up, each minute/day of ST was associated with 1.3 g increase in fat mass. However, each minute/day of LPA was associated with 3.6 g decrease in fat mass and each minute/day of MVPA was associated with 1.3 g decrease in fat mass. Persistently accruing ≥60 min/day of MVPA was associated with 2.8 g decrease in fat mass per each minute/day of MVPA, partly mediated by decrease insulin and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. LPA elicited similar and potentially stronger fat mass-lowering effect than MVPA and thus may be targeted in obesity and ST prevention in children and adolescents, who are unable or unwilling to exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew O Agbaje
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
- Children's Health and Exercise Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.
| | - Wei Perng
- Colorado School of Public Health, Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Tomi-Pekka Tuomainen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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2
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Kuppuswami J, Senthilkumar GP. Nutri-stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and insulin resistance-role of heat shock proteins. Cell Stress Chaperones 2023; 28:35-48. [PMID: 36441381 PMCID: PMC9877269 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-022-01314-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Excess nutrient flux into the cellular energy system results in a scenario of cellular metabolic stress in diseases involving insulin resistance, such as type 2 diabetes, referred to as nutri-stress and results in cellular bioenergetic imbalance, which leads to insulin resistance and disease. Under nutri-stress, the heat shock response system is compromised due to metabolic abnormalities that disturb energy homeostasis. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are the chief protectors of intracellular homeostasis during stress. Heat shock response (HSR) impairment contributes to several metabolic pathways that aggravate chronic hyperglycaemia and insulin resistance, highlighting a central role in disease pathogenesis. This article discusses the role of nutri-stress-related molecular events in causing insulin resistance and the nature of the roles played by heat shock proteins in some of the crucial checkpoints of the molecular networks involved in insulin resistance. Ample evidence suggests that the heat shock machinery regulates critical pathways in mitochondrial function and energy metabolism and that cellular energy status highly influences it. Weakening of HSPs, therefore, leads to loss of their vital cytoprotective functions, propagating nutri-stress in the system. Further research into the mechanistic roles of HSPs in metabolic homeostasis will help widen our understanding of lifestyle diseases, their onset, and complications. These inducible proteins may be crucial to attenuating lifestyle risk factors and disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayashree Kuppuswami
- Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Institute of Post-Graduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, 605006 India
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Martínez-Gayo A, Félix-Soriano E, Sáinz N, González-Muniesa P, Moreno-Aliaga MJ. Changes Induced by Aging and Long-Term Exercise and/or DHA Supplementation in Muscle of Obese Female Mice. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14204240. [PMID: 36296923 PMCID: PMC9610919 DOI: 10.3390/nu14204240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and aging promote chronic low-grade systemic inflammation. The aim of the study was to analyze the effects of long-term physical exercise and/or omega-3 fatty acid Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation on genes or proteins related to muscle metabolism, inflammation, muscle damage/regeneration and myokine expression in aged and obese mice. Two-month-old C57BL/6J female mice received a control or a high-fat diet for 4 months. Then, the diet-induced obese (DIO) mice were distributed into four groups: DIO, DIO + DHA, DIO + EX (treadmill training) and DIO + DHA + EX up to 18 months. Mice fed a control diet were sacrificed at 2, 6 and 18 months. Aging increased the mRNA expression of Tnf-α and decreased the expression of genes related to glucose uptake (Glut1, Glut4), muscle atrophy (Murf1, Atrogin-1, Cas-9) and myokines (Metrnl, Il-6). In aged DIO mice, exercise restored several of these changes. It increased the expression of genes related to glucose uptake (Glut1, Glut4), fatty acid oxidation (Cpt1b, Acox), myokine expression (Fndc5, Il-6) and protein turnover, decreased Tnf-α expression and increased p-AKT/AKT ratio. No additional effects were observed when combining exercise and DHA. These data suggest the effectiveness of long-term training to prevent the deleterious effects of aging and obesity on muscle dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Martínez-Gayo
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Elisa Félix-Soriano
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Neira Sáinz
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Pedro González-Muniesa
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- IdISNA–Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Correspondence: (P.G.-M.); (M.J.M.-A.)
| | - María J. Moreno-Aliaga
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- IdISNA–Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Correspondence: (P.G.-M.); (M.J.M.-A.)
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Andersson-Hall U, Hossein Pour D, Grau S, Börjesson M, Holmäng A. Exercise, aerobic fitness, and muscle strength in relation to glucose tolerance 6 to 10 years after gestational diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2022; 191:110078. [PMID: 36099975 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2022.110078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
AIMS We sought to identify self-reported exercise and objectively measured fitness variables associated with glucose tolerance and metabolic health 6-10 years after gestational diabetes (GDM) METHODS: Women (n = 84) underwent oral glucose tolerance testing (OGTT), body composition measurements, and lifestyle questionnaires 6 and 10 years after GDM. In a subset (n = 45), peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak), peak fat oxidation, and maximal isometric strength of five muscle groups were tested. RESULTS At 10 years, 41 women (49%) had impaired glucose metabolism or type 2 diabetes (T2D). VO2peak and muscle strength were lowest in the T2D group. In a regression analysis, VO2peak and all strength measurements were associated negatively with HbA1c and waist-hip ratio and positively with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. However, only muscle strength was associated with fasting and area-under-the-curve glucose. For changes between the 6- and 10-year follow-ups, only muscle strength was associated with HbA1c change, whereas both VO2peak and strength were associated with high-density lipoprotein level and changes in waist-hip ratio. Peak fat oxidation and self-reported physical activity showed no or weak relationships with glycemic variables. CONCLUSION Objectively measured fitness variables, particularly muscle strength, were strongly associated with glycemic and other metabolic outcomes in a high-risk group after GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrika Andersson-Hall
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Denise Hossein Pour
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Stefan Grau
- Centre for Health and Performance, Department of Food and Nutrition, and Sport Science, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mats Börjesson
- Centre for Health and Performance, Department of Food and Nutrition, and Sport Science, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Acute and Molecular Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of MGA, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region of Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Agneta Holmäng
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
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Venojärvi M, Lindström J, Aunola S, Nuutila P, Atalay M. Improved Aerobic Capacity and Adipokine Profile Together with Weight Loss Improve Glycemic Control without Changes in Skeletal Muscle GLUT-4 Gene Expression in Middle-Aged Subjects with Impaired Glucose Tolerance. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19148327. [PMID: 35886175 PMCID: PMC9320448 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19148327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
(1) Objective: The aim of this study was to clarify the role of adipokines in the regulation of glucose metabolism in middle-aged obese subjects with impaired glucose tolerance in response to a long-term exercise and dietary intervention. (2) Methods: Skeletal muscle, plasma and serum samples were examined in 22 subjects from an exercise−diet intervention study aiming to prevent type 2 diabetes. The subjects were further divided into two subgroups (non-responders n = 9 and responders n = 13) based on their achievement in losing at least 3 kg. (3) Results: The two-year exercise−diet intervention reduced leptin levels and increased adiponectin levels in responders; the changes in leptin levels were significantly associated with changes in their weights (r = 0.662, p < 0.01). In responders, insulin sensitivity (Bennett and McAuley index) increased and was associated with changes in maximal oxygen uptake (VO2peak) (r = 0.831, p < 0.010 and r = 0.890, p < 0.01). In addition, the VO2peak and oxidative capacity of skeletal muscle improved in responders, but not in non-responders. However, there were no changes between the two groups in expressions of the glucose transporter protein-4 (GLUT-4) gene or of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-α1 or AMPK-α2 proteins. (4) Conclusions: The exercise−diet intervention decreased serum leptin and increased serum adiponectin concentrations, improved glucose control without affecting GLUT-4 gene expression in the skeletal muscle in responders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mika Venojärvi
- Institute of Biomedicine, Sport and Exercise Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
- Correspondence:
| | - Jaana Lindström
- Population Health Unit, Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, 00271 Helsinki, Finland;
| | - Sirkka Aunola
- Functional Capacity Unit, Department of Health, Functional Capacity and Welfare, National Institute for Health and Welfare, 20740 Turku, Finland;
| | - Pirjo Nuutila
- PET Centre, University of Turku, 20500 Turku, Finland;
| | - Mustafa Atalay
- Institute of Biomedicine, Physiology, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland;
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Metformin and Insulin Resistance: A Review of the Underlying Mechanisms behind Changes in GLUT4-Mediated Glucose Transport. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031264. [PMID: 35163187 PMCID: PMC8836112 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Metformin is the most commonly used treatment to increase insulin sensitivity in insulin-resistant (IR) conditions such as diabetes, prediabetes, polycystic ovary syndrome, and obesity. There is a well-documented correlation between glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) expression and the level of IR. Therefore, the observed increase in peripheral glucose utilization after metformin treatment most likely comes from the induction of GLUT4 expression and its increased translocation to the plasma membrane. However, the mechanisms behind this effect and the critical metformin targets are still largely undefined. The present review explores the evidence for the crucial role of changes in the expression and activation of insulin signaling pathway mediators, AMPK, several GLUT4 translocation mediators, and the effect of posttranscriptional modifications based on previously published preclinical and clinical models of metformin’s mode of action in animal and human studies. Our aim is to provide a comprehensive review of the studies in this field in order to shed some light on the complex interactions between metformin action, GLUT4 expression, GLUT4 translocation, and the observed increase in peripheral insulin sensitivity.
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Nowacka-Chmielewska MM, Liśkiewicz D, Grabowska K, Liśkiewicz A, Marczak Ł, Wojakowska A, Pondel N, Grabowski M, Barski JJ, Małecki A. Effects of Simultaneous Exposure to a Western Diet and Wheel-Running Training on Brain Energy Metabolism in Female Rats. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13124242. [PMID: 34959794 PMCID: PMC8707360 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the pathogenesis of central nervous system disorders (e.g., neurodegenerative), an important role is attributed to an unhealthy lifestyle affecting brain energy metabolism. Physical activity in the prevention and treatment of lifestyle-related diseases is getting increasing attention. METHODS We performed a series of assessments in adult female Long Evans rats subjected to 6 weeks of Western diet feeding and wheel-running training. A control group of lean rats was fed with a standard diet. In all experimental groups, we measured physiological parameters (animal weights, body composition, serum metabolic parameters). We assessed the impact of simultaneous exposure to a Western diet and wheel-running on the cerebrocortical protein expression (global proteomic profiling), and in the second part of the experiment, we measured the cortical levels of protein related to brain metabolism (Western blot). RESULTS Western diet led to an obese phenotype and induced changes in the serum metabolic parameters. Wheel-running did not reduce animal weights or fat mass but significantly decreased serum glucose level. The global proteome analysis revealed that the altered proteins were functionally annotated as they were involved mostly in metabolic pathways. Western blot analysis showed the downregulation of the mitochondrial protein-Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase family member 9, hexokinase 1 (HK1)-enzyme involved in principal glucose metabolism pathways and monocarboxylate transporter 2 (MCT2). Wheel-running reversed this decline in the cortical levels of HK1 and MCT2. CONCLUSION The cerebrocortical proteome is affected by a combination of physical activity and Western diet in female rats. An analysis of the cortical proteins involved in brain energy metabolism provides a valuable basis for the deeper investigation of changes in the brain structure and function induced by simultaneous exposure to a Western diet and physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Maria Nowacka-Chmielewska
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Physiotherapy and Health Sciences, Academy of Physical Education, 40-065 Katowice, Poland; (D.L.); (N.P.); (A.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-509-505-836
| | - Daniela Liśkiewicz
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Physiotherapy and Health Sciences, Academy of Physical Education, 40-065 Katowice, Poland; (D.L.); (N.P.); (A.M.)
| | - Konstancja Grabowska
- Department for Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland; (K.G.); (M.G.); (J.J.B.)
| | - Arkadiusz Liśkiewicz
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland;
| | - Łukasz Marczak
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 61-704 Poznań, Poland; (Ł.M.); (A.W.)
| | - Anna Wojakowska
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 61-704 Poznań, Poland; (Ł.M.); (A.W.)
| | - Natalia Pondel
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Physiotherapy and Health Sciences, Academy of Physical Education, 40-065 Katowice, Poland; (D.L.); (N.P.); (A.M.)
| | - Mateusz Grabowski
- Department for Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland; (K.G.); (M.G.); (J.J.B.)
| | - Jarosław Jerzy Barski
- Department for Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland; (K.G.); (M.G.); (J.J.B.)
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland;
| | - Andrzej Małecki
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Physiotherapy and Health Sciences, Academy of Physical Education, 40-065 Katowice, Poland; (D.L.); (N.P.); (A.M.)
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Yaribeygi H, Maleki M, Sathyapalan T, Jamialahmadi T, Sahebkar A. Pathophysiology of Physical Inactivity-Dependent Insulin Resistance: A Theoretical Mechanistic Review Emphasizing Clinical Evidence. J Diabetes Res 2021; 2021:7796727. [PMID: 34660812 PMCID: PMC8516544 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7796727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The modern lifestyle has a negative impact on health. It is usually accompanied by increased stress levels and lower physical activity, which interferes with body homeostasis. Diabetes mellitus is a relatively common metabolic disorder with increasing prevalence globally, associated with various risk factors, including lower physical activity and a sedentary lifestyle. It has been shown that sedentary behavior increases the risk of insulin resistance, but the intermediate molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. In this mechanistic review, we explore the possible interactions between physical inactivity and insulin resistance to help better understand the pathophysiology of physical inactivity-dependent insulin resistance and finding novel interventions against these deleterious pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habib Yaribeygi
- Research Center of Physiology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Mina Maleki
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Thozhukat Sathyapalan
- Academic Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, UK
| | - Tannaz Jamialahmadi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Quchan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Quchan, Iran
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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9
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Iizuka Y, Kim H, Nakasatomi M, Matsumoto A, Shimizu J. Phenotypic and genotypic changes in obesity and type 2 diabetes of male KK mice with aging. Exp Anim 2021; 71:71-81. [PMID: 34588391 PMCID: PMC8828408 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.21-0109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Research into the prevention and treatment of age-related metabolic diseases are important in the present-day situation of the aging population. We propose that an elderly diabetic mouse model may be useful to such research as it exhibits deterioration of glucose and lipid metabolism. Although the KK mouse strain is commonly used as a model of moderate obesity and type 2 diabetes, the utility of this strain as an elderly obese and diabetic model mouse for research into aging remains unclear. The present study aimed to investigate age-related changes of glucose and lipid metabolism in male KK mice fed a standard chow diet. We demonstrate that 40 weeks KK mice exhibit age-related dysfunctions, such as development of insulin resistance associated with pancreatic islet hypertrophy and decreased lipolysis in white adipose tissue (WAT) compared with 15 weeks KK mice. However, aging does not appear to cause mitochondrial dysfunction of brown adipose tissue. Unexpectedly, hyperglycemia, potential glucose uptake in insulin-sensitive organs, hepatic lipid accumulation, hypertrophy of adipocytes, and inflammation in epididymal WAT did not worsen but rather compensated in 40 weeks KK mice. Our data indicate that the use of male KK mice as an elderly obese and diabetic mouse model has some limitations and in order to represent a useful elderly obese and diabetic animal model, it may be necessary to induce deterioration of glucose and lipid metabolism in KK mice through breeding with high-sucrose or high-fat diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzuru Iizuka
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Hyounju Kim
- Department of Health and Dietetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, Teikyo Heisei University
| | - Maki Nakasatomi
- Department of Clinical Dietetics & Human Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University
| | - Akiyo Matsumoto
- Department of Clinical Dietetics & Human Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University
| | - Jun Shimizu
- Department of Clinical Dietetics & Human Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University
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Soudmand P, Tofighi A, Tolouei Azar J, Razi M, Ghaderi Pakdel F. Different continuous exercise training intensities induced effect on sertoli-germ cells metabolic interaction; implication on GLUT-1, GLUT-3 and MCT-4 transporting proteins expression level. Gene 2021; 783:145553. [PMID: 33711407 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.145553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Despite other tissues, the effect of different exercise training protocols (ETPs) on the expression levels of metabolic substrates transmembrane transporters in the testicular tissue, remains completely unexplored. Thus, the effects of low, moderate and high-intensity ETPs on the SCs and germ cells potentials in GLUT-1, GLUT-3 and MCT-4 expression levels was investigated in this study. The animals were assigned into 4 groups, including sedentary control, low-intensity continuous (LICT), moderate-intensity (MICT) and high-intensity (HICT) ETPs-induced groups (n = 6/group). The GLUT-1, GLUT-3 and MCT-4 expressions, cytoplasmic carbohydrate storages of SCs and germ cells, the SCs survival and the spermatogenesis and spermiogenesis rates were assessed. The LICT and MICT did not significantly alter the protein expression levels of GLUT-3 and MCT-4 in the SCs and germ cells, while decreased the GLUT-1 protein content versus the sedentary control animals. In contrast, the HICT remarkably suppressed the GLUT-1 and MCT-4 in both SCs, and germ cells and diminished GLUT-3 in SCs and increased in the germ cells. No significant changes were revealed in the cytoplasmic carbohydrate storage in the LICT and MICT groups, while significantly diminished in the HICT group. The HICT group showed a failed spermatogenesis and spermiogenesis, which were not demonstrated in the sedentary control, LICT and MICT groups. In conclusion, the HICT, by reducing the GLUT-1, GLUT-3 and MCT-4 protein contents in the SCs and reducing the SCs survival, can suppress the glucose transmembrane transport and inhibit the lactate export from SCs, which in turn, ends with failed spermatogenesis and spermiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poupak Soudmand
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Corrective Exercises, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Asghar Tofighi
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Corrective Exercises, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
| | - Javad Tolouei Azar
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Corrective Exercises, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Mazdak Razi
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, P.O.BOX: 1177, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Firouz Ghaderi Pakdel
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
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Aas V, Thoresen GH, Rustan AC, Lund J. Substrate oxidation in primary human skeletal muscle cells is influenced by donor age. Cell Tissue Res 2020; 382:599-608. [PMID: 32897419 PMCID: PMC7683494 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-020-03275-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Primary human myotubes represent an alternative system to intact skeletal muscle for the study of human diseases related to changes in muscle energy metabolism. This work aimed to study if fatty acid and glucose metabolism in human myotubes in vitro were related to muscle of origin, donor gender, age, or body mass index (BMI). Myotubes from a total of 82 donors were established from three different skeletal muscles, i.e., musculus vastus lateralis, musculus obliquus internus abdominis, and musculi interspinales, and cellular energy metabolism was evaluated. Multiple linear regression analyses showed that donor age had a significant effect on glucose and oleic acid oxidation after correcting for gender, BMI, and muscle of origin. Donor BMI was the only significant contributor to cellular oleic acid uptake, whereas cellular glucose uptake did not rely on any of the variables examined. Despite the effect of age on substrate oxidation, cellular mRNA expression of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4) and peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha (PPARGC1A) did not correlate with donor age. In conclusion, donor age significantly impacts substrate oxidation in cultured human myotubes, whereas donor BMI affects cellular oleic acid uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vigdis Aas
- Department of Life Sciences and Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, OsloMet - Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - G Hege Thoresen
- Section for Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Blindern, P.O. Box 1068, 0316, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Arild C Rustan
- Section for Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Blindern, P.O. Box 1068, 0316, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jenny Lund
- Section for Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Blindern, P.O. Box 1068, 0316, Oslo, Norway.
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de Guia RM, Agerholm M, Nielsen TS, Consitt LA, Søgaard D, Helge JW, Larsen S, Brandauer J, Houmard JA, Treebak JT. Aerobic and resistance exercise training reverses age-dependent decline in NAD + salvage capacity in human skeletal muscle. Physiol Rep 2020; 7:e14139. [PMID: 31207144 PMCID: PMC6577427 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging decreases skeletal muscle mass and strength, but aerobic and resistance exercise training maintains skeletal muscle function. NAD+ is a coenzyme for ATP production and a required substrate for enzymes regulating cellular homeostasis. In skeletal muscle, NAD+ is mainly generated by the NAD+ salvage pathway in which nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) is rate‐limiting. NAMPT decreases with age in human skeletal muscle, and aerobic exercise training increases NAMPT levels in young men. However, whether distinct modes of exercise training increase NAMPT levels in both young and old people is unknown. We assessed the effects of 12 weeks of aerobic and resistance exercise training on skeletal muscle abundance of NAMPT, nicotinamide riboside kinase 2 (NRK2), and nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyltransferase (NMNAT) 1 and 3 in young (≤35 years) and older (≥55 years) individuals. NAMPT in skeletal muscle correlated negatively with age (r2 = 0.297, P < 0.001, n = 57), and VO2peak was the best predictor of NAMPT levels. Moreover, aerobic exercise training increased NAMPT abundance 12% and 28% in young and older individuals, respectively, whereas resistance exercise training increased NAMPT abundance 25% and 30% in young and in older individuals, respectively. None of the other proteins changed with exercise training. In a separate cohort of young and old people, levels of NAMPT, NRK1, and NMNAT1/2 in abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue were not affected by either age or 6 weeks of high‐intensity interval training. Collectively, exercise training reverses the age‐dependent decline in skeletal muscle NAMPT abundance, and our findings highlight the value of exercise training in ameliorating age‐associated deterioration of skeletal muscle function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roldan M de Guia
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marianne Agerholm
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas S Nielsen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Leslie A Consitt
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ohio Musculoskeletal and Neurological Institute, Diabetes Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio
| | - Ditte Søgaard
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jørn W Helge
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Steen Larsen
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Josef Brandauer
- Department of Health Sciences, Gettysburg College, Gettysburg, Pennsylvania
| | - Joseph A Houmard
- Department of Kinesiology, Human Performance Laboratory, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina.,East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - Jonas T Treebak
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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13
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Park KM, Park SC, Kang S. Effects of resistance exercise on adipokine factors and body composition in pre- and postmenopausal women. J Exerc Rehabil 2019; 15:676-682. [PMID: 31723556 PMCID: PMC6834705 DOI: 10.12965/jer.1938368.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to examine effects of resistance exercise for 12 weeks on adipokine factors and body composition in postmenopausal (POM) women to provide basic data for preventing obesity or metabolic syndrome caused by menopause. Subjects of this study were 35 premenopausal (PRM) and POM women with body fat percentages of 30% or more. They were divided into PRM (n=15) and POM (n=20) groups. All subjects participated in resistance exercise training for 12 weeks. All serum samples were submitted for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay measurements of adipokine factors. Body weight, muscle mass, body mass index, and waist-to-hip ration showed significant differences between the two groups after training. In contrast, body fat percentage did not differ between the groups, although it was significantly lower in the PRM group after exercise. Physical fitness was significant differences between the two groups after training, including grip strength (left and right), sit and reach, sit-ups, and standing long jump. In addition, grip strength (left), sit-up, and side step tests were significantly increased after exercise in the PRM group. There were the significant differences in interleukin-6 and leptin levels between the two groups after training. Interleukin-6, interleukin-15, and adiponectin levels were significantly higher in both groups after training compared to those before training, although leptin levels were significantly lower after exercise in the PRM group. Regular resistance exercise was found to be effective in decreasing body fat in PRM women, and decreased leptin and increased adiponectin were positively significant in both groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu Min Park
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, Department of Sport Science, College of Art, Culture and Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Sung Chul Park
- Department of Rehabilitation Exercise and Health, Busan Institute of Science and Technology, Busan, Korea
| | - Sunghwun Kang
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, Department of Sport Science, College of Art, Culture and Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
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14
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Abstract
Neurological and mental illnesses account for a considerable proportion of the global burden of disease. Exercise has many beneficial effects on brain health, contributing to decreased risks of dementia, depression and stress, and it has a role in restoring and maintaining cognitive function and metabolic control. The fact that exercise is sensed by the brain suggests that muscle-induced peripheral factors enable direct crosstalk between muscle and brain function. Muscle secretes myokines that contribute to the regulation of hippocampal function. Evidence is accumulating that the myokine cathepsin B passes through the blood-brain barrier to enhance brain-derived neurotrophic factor production and hence neurogenesis, memory and learning. Exercise increases neuronal gene expression of FNDC5 (which encodes the PGC1α-dependent myokine FNDC5), which can likewise contribute to increased brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels. Serum levels of the prototype myokine, IL-6, increase with exercise and might contribute to the suppression of central mechanisms of feeding. Exercise also increases the PGC1α-dependent muscular expression of kynurenine aminotransferase enzymes, which induces a beneficial shift in the balance between the neurotoxic kynurenine and the neuroprotective kynurenic acid, thereby reducing depression-like symptoms. Myokine signalling, other muscular factors and exercise-induced hepatokines and adipokines are implicated in mediating the exercise-induced beneficial impact on neurogenesis, cognitive function, appetite and metabolism, thus supporting the existence of a muscle-brain endocrine loop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bente Klarlund Pedersen
- Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism (CIM) and Centre for Physical Activity Research (CFAS), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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15
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Muscle-Saturated Bioactive Lipids Are Increased with Aging and Influenced by High-Intensity Interval Training. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20051240. [PMID: 30871020 PMCID: PMC6429484 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20051240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ceramide and diacylglycerol are linked to insulin resistance in rodents, but in humans the data are inconsistent. Insulin resistance is frequently observed with aging, but the role of ceramide and diacylglycerol is not clarified. Training improves metabolic health and, therefore, we aimed to elucidate the influence of age and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on ceramide and diacylglycerol content in muscle. Fourteen young (33 ± 1) and 22 older (63 ± 1) overweight to obese subjects performed 6 weeks HIIT three times a week. Maximal oxygen uptake and body composition were measured and muscle biopsies and fasting blood samples were obtained. Muscle ceramide and diacylglycerol were measured by gas-liquid chromatography and proteins in insulin signaling, lipid and glucose metabolism were measured by Western blotting. Content of ceramide and diacylglycerol total, saturated, C16:0 and C18:0 fatty acids and C18:1 ceramide were higher in older compared to young. HIIT reduced saturated and C18:0 ceramides, while the content of the proteins involved in glucose (GLUT4, glycogen synthase, hexokinase II, AKT) and lipid metabolism (adipose triglyceride lipase, fatty acid binding protein) were increased after HIIT. We demonstrate a higher content of saturated ceramide and diacylglycerol fatty acids in the muscle of older subjects compared to young. Moreover, the content of saturated ceramides was reduced and muscle glucose metabolism improved at protein level after HIIT. This study highlights an increased content of saturated ceramides in aging which could be speculated to influence insulin sensitivity.
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16
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Gaster M. The diabetic phenotype is preserved in myotubes established from type 2 diabetic subjects: a critical appraisal. APMIS 2018; 127:3-26. [DOI: 10.1111/apm.12908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Gaster
- Laboratory for Molecular Physiology Department of Pathology and Department of Endocrinology Odense University Hospital Odense Denmark
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17
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Dethlefsen MM, Halling JF, Møller HD, Plomgaard P, Regenberg B, Ringholm S, Pilegaard H. Regulation of apoptosis and autophagy in mouse and human skeletal muscle with aging and lifelong exercise training. Exp Gerontol 2018; 111:141-153. [PMID: 30030137 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2018.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Exercise training has been reported to prevent the age-induced decline in muscle mass and fragmentation of mitochondria, as well as to affect autophagy and mitophagy. The interaction between these pathways during aging as well as the similarity between such changes in human and mouse skeletal muscle is however not fully understood. Therefore the aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that cellular degradation pathways, including apoptosis, autophagy and mitophagy are coordinately regulated in mouse and human skeletal muscle during aging and lifelong exercise training through a PGC-1α-p53 axis. Muscle samples were obtained from young untrained, aged untrained and aged lifelong exercise trained men, and from whole-body PGC-1α knockout mice and their littermate controls that were either lifelong exercise trained or sedentary young and aged. Lifelong exercise training prevented the aging-induced reduction in PGC-1α, p53 and p21 mRNA as well as the increase in LC3II and BNIP3 protein in mouse skeletal muscle, while aging decreased the BAX/Bcl-2 ratio, LC3I and BAX protein in mouse skeletal muscle without effects of lifelong exercise training. In humans, aging was associated with reduced PGC-1α mRNA as well as decreased p62 and p21 protein in skeletal muscle, while lifelong exercise training increased BNIP3 protein and decreased p53 mRNA. In conclusion, there was a divergent regulation of autophagy and apoptosis in mouse muscle with aging and lifelong exercise training, whereas healthy aged human skeletal muscle seemed rather robust to changes in apoptosis, autophagy and mitophagy markers compared with mouse muscle at the investigated age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Munk Dethlefsen
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens Frey Halling
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik D Møller
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Plomgaard
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet and The Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Birgitte Regenberg
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stine Ringholm
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henriette Pilegaard
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
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18
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Liangruenrom N, Suttikasem K, Craike M, Bennie JA, Biddle SJH, Pedisic Z. Physical activity and sedentary behaviour research in Thailand: a systematic scoping review. BMC Public Health 2018; 18:733. [PMID: 29898706 PMCID: PMC6001063 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-5643-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The number of deaths per year attributed to non-communicable diseases is increasing in low- and middle-income countries, including Thailand. To facilitate the development of evidence-based public health programs and policies in Thailand, research on physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour (SB) is needed. The aims of this scoping review were to: (i) map all available evidence on PA and SB in Thailand; (ii) identify research gaps; and (iii) suggest directions for future research. METHODS A systematic literature search was conducted through 10 bibliographic databases. Additional articles were identified through secondary searches of reference lists, websites of relevant Thai health organisations, Google, and Google Scholar. Studies written in Thai or English were screened independently by two authors and included if they presented quantitative or qualitative data relevant to public health research on PA and/or SB. RESULTS Out of 25,007 screened articles, a total of 564 studies were included in the review. Most studies included PA only (80%), 6.7% included SB only, and 13.3% included both PA and SB. The most common research focus was correlates (58.9%), followed by outcomes of PA/SB (22.2%), prevalence of PA/SB (12.4%), and instrument validation (3.2%). Most PA/SB research was cross-sectional (69.3%), while interventions (19.7%) and longitudinal studies (2.8%) were less represented. Most studies (94%) used self-reports of PA/SB, and few (2.5%) used device-based measures. Both sexes were examined in most studies (82.5%). Adults were the main target population group (51.1%), followed by older adults (26.9%), adolescents (15.7%), and children (6.3%). Clinical populations were investigated in the context of PA/SB in a relatively large number of studies (15.3%), most frequently those with cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and hypertension (22%, 21%, and 21% respectively). CONCLUSIONS The number of Thai papers on PA published per year has been increasing, indicating a growing interest in this research area. More studies using population-representative samples are needed, particularly among children and adolescents, and investigating SB as a health risk factor. To provide stronger evidence on determinants and outcomes of PA/SB, longitudinal studies using standardised measures of PA and SB are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nucharapon Liangruenrom
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, PO Box 14428, Melbourne, VIC, 8001, Australia
- Institute for Population and Social Research, Mahidol University, Phutthamonthon Sai 4 Road, Salaya, Phutthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Kanyapat Suttikasem
- Institute for Population and Social Research, Mahidol University, Phutthamonthon Sai 4 Road, Salaya, Phutthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Melinda Craike
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, PO Box 14428, Melbourne, VIC, 8001, Australia
| | - Jason A Bennie
- Institute for Resilient Regions, University of Southern Queensland, Education City, 37 Sinnathamby Boulevard, Springfield Central, QLD, 4300, Australia
| | - Stuart J H Biddle
- Institute for Resilient Regions, University of Southern Queensland, Education City, 37 Sinnathamby Boulevard, Springfield Central, QLD, 4300, Australia
| | - Zeljko Pedisic
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, PO Box 14428, Melbourne, VIC, 8001, Australia.
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19
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Mosole S, Zampieri S, Furlan S, Carraro U, Löefler S, Kern H, Volpe P, Nori A. Effects of Electrical Stimulation on Skeletal Muscle of Old Sedentary People. Gerontol Geriatr Med 2018; 4:2333721418768998. [PMID: 29662923 PMCID: PMC5896842 DOI: 10.1177/2333721418768998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical activity plays an important role in preventing muscle atrophy and chronic diseases in adults and in the elderly. Calcium (Ca2+) cycling and activation of specific molecular pathways are essential in contraction-induced muscle adaptation. This study attains human muscle sections and total homogenates prepared from biopsies obtained before (control) and after 9 weeks of training by electrical stimulation (ES) on a group of volunteers. The aim of the study was to investigate about the molecular mechanisms that support functional muscle improvement by ES. Evidences of kinase/phosphatase pathways activation after ES were obtained. Moreover, expression of Sarcalumenin, Calsequestrin and sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (Serca) isoforms was regulated by training. In conclusion, this work shows that neuromuscular ES applied to vastus lateralis muscle of sedentary seniors combines fiber remodeling with activation of Ca2+-Calmodulin molecular pathways and modulation of key Ca2+-handling proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Mosole
- University of Padova, Italy.,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Electrical Stimulation and Physical Rehabilitation, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sandra Zampieri
- University of Padova, Italy.,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Electrical Stimulation and Physical Rehabilitation, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sandra Furlan
- Institute of Neuroscience Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Padova, Italy
| | - Ugo Carraro
- IRRCS Fondazione Ospedale San Camillo, Venice, Italy
| | - Stefan Löefler
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Electrical Stimulation and Physical Rehabilitation, Vienna, Austria
| | - Helmut Kern
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Electrical Stimulation and Physical Rehabilitation, Vienna, Austria.,Institute of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, St. Pölten, Austria
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20
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Søgaard D, Lund MT, Scheuer CM, Dehlbaek MS, Dideriksen SG, Abildskov CV, Christensen KK, Dohlmann TL, Larsen S, Vigelsø AH, Dela F, Helge JW. High-intensity interval training improves insulin sensitivity in older individuals. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2018; 222:e13009. [PMID: 29197155 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM Metabolic health may deteriorate with age as a result of altered body composition and decreased physical activity. Endurance exercise is known to counter these changes delaying or even preventing onset of metabolic diseases. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is a time efficient alternative to regular endurance exercise, and the aim of this study was to investigate the metabolic benefit of HIIT in older subjects. METHODS Twenty-two sedentary male (n = 11) and female (n = 11) subjects aged 63 ± 1 years performed HIIT training three times/week for 6 weeks on a bicycle ergometer. Each HIIT session consisted of five 1-minute intervals interspersed with 1½-minute rest. Prior to the first and after the last HIIT session whole-body insulin sensitivity, measured by a hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamp, plasma lipid levels, HbA1c, glycaemic parameters, body composition and maximal oxygen uptake were assessed. Muscle biopsies were obtained wherefrom content of glycogen and proteins involved in muscle glucose handling were determined. RESULTS Insulin sensitivity (P = .011) and maximal oxygen uptake increased (P < .05) in both genders, while plasma cholesterol (P < .05), low-density lipoprotein (P < .05), visceral fat mass (P < .05) and per cent body fat (P < .05) decreased after 6 weeks of HIIT. HbA1c decreased only in males (P = .001). Muscle glycogen content increased in both genders (P = .001) and in line GLUT4 (P < .05), glycogen synthase (P = .001) and hexokinase II (P < .05) content all increased. CONCLUSION Six weeks of HIIT significantly improves metabolic health in older males and females by reducing age-related risk factors for cardiometabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Søgaard
- Xlab; Centre of Healthy Aging; Department of Biomedical Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
- Danish Diabetes Academy; Odense University Hospital; Odense Denmark
| | - M. T. Lund
- Xlab; Centre of Healthy Aging; Department of Biomedical Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - C. M. Scheuer
- Xlab; Centre of Healthy Aging; Department of Biomedical Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - M. S. Dehlbaek
- Xlab; Centre of Healthy Aging; Department of Biomedical Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - S. G. Dideriksen
- Xlab; Centre of Healthy Aging; Department of Biomedical Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - C. V. Abildskov
- Xlab; Centre of Healthy Aging; Department of Biomedical Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - K. K. Christensen
- Xlab; Centre of Healthy Aging; Department of Biomedical Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - T. L. Dohlmann
- Xlab; Centre of Healthy Aging; Department of Biomedical Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - S. Larsen
- Xlab; Centre of Healthy Aging; Department of Biomedical Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - A. H. Vigelsø
- Xlab; Centre of Healthy Aging; Department of Biomedical Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - F. Dela
- Xlab; Centre of Healthy Aging; Department of Biomedical Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
- Department of Geriatrics; Bispebjerg University hospital; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - J. W. Helge
- Xlab; Centre of Healthy Aging; Department of Biomedical Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
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21
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Giliberto C, Reggio E, Sofia V, Giuliano L, Lo Fermo S, Barone R, Zappia M. Electroclinical features of a patient with GLUT1 deficiency syndrome and adult onset periodic weakness. Eur J Neurol 2016; 23:e1-3. [PMID: 26768679 DOI: 10.1111/ene.12831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C Giliberto
- Section of Neurosciences, Department GF Ingrassia, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - E Reggio
- Section of Neurosciences, Department GF Ingrassia, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - V Sofia
- Section of Neurosciences, Department GF Ingrassia, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - L Giuliano
- Section of Neurosciences, Department GF Ingrassia, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - S Lo Fermo
- Section of Neurosciences, Department GF Ingrassia, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - R Barone
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - M Zappia
- Section of Neurosciences, Department GF Ingrassia, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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22
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Diniz TA, Fortaleza ACS, Buonani C, Rossi FE, Neves LM, Lira FS, Freitas-Junior IF. Relationship between moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, abdominal fat and immunometabolic markers in postmenopausal women. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2015; 194:178-82. [PMID: 26412352 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2015.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Revised: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTS To assess the burden of levels of physical activity, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), triacylglycerol and abdominal fat on the immunometabolic profile of postmenopausal women. STUDY DESIGN Forty-nine postmenopausal women [mean age 59.43 (standard deviation 5.61) years] who did not undertake regular physical exercise participated in this study. Body composition was assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and levels of NEFA, tumour necrosis factor-α, adiponectin, insulin and triacylglycerol were assessed using fasting blood samples. The level of physical activity was assessed using an accelerometer (Actigraph GTX3x), and reported as counts/min, time spent undertaking sedentary activities and time spent undertaking moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). The following conditions were considered to be risk factors: (i) sedentary lifestyle (<150min of MVPA per week); (ii) high level (above median) of abdominal fat; and (iii) hypertriacylglycerolaemia (<150mg/dl of triacylglycerol). RESULTS In comparison with active women, sedentary women had higher levels of body fat (%) (p=0.041) and NEFA (p=0.064). Women with higher levels of abdominal fat had impaired insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (p=0.016) and spent more time undertaking sedentary activities (p=0.043). Moreover, the women with two risk factors or more had high levels of NEFA and HOMA-IR (p<0.05), as well as an eight-fold higher risk of a high level of NEFA, independent of age (p<0.05). No significant relationship was found between levels of physical activity, abdominal fat, tumour necrosis factor-α and adiponectin (p>0.05). CONCLUSION Postmenopausal women with a combination of hypertriacylglycerolaemia, a high level of abdominal fat and a sedentary lifestyle are more likely to have metabolic disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- T A Diniz
- Centre of Studies and Laboratory of Evaluation and Prescription of Motor Activities, Department of Physical Education, Sao Paulo State University, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil; Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Sao Paulo State University, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil.
| | - A C S Fortaleza
- Centre of Studies and Laboratory of Evaluation and Prescription of Motor Activities, Department of Physical Education, Sao Paulo State University, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - C Buonani
- Centre of Studies and Laboratory of Evaluation and Prescription of Motor Activities, Department of Physical Education, Sao Paulo State University, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - F E Rossi
- Centre of Studies and Laboratory of Evaluation and Prescription of Motor Activities, Department of Physical Education, Sao Paulo State University, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil; Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Sao Paulo State University, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - L M Neves
- Centre of Studies and Laboratory of Evaluation and Prescription of Motor Activities, Department of Physical Education, Sao Paulo State University, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - F S Lira
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Sao Paulo State University, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - I F Freitas-Junior
- Centre of Studies and Laboratory of Evaluation and Prescription of Motor Activities, Department of Physical Education, Sao Paulo State University, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
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23
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Santos GMD, Montrezol FT, Pauli LSS, Sartori-Cintra AR, Colantonio E, Gomes RJ, Marinho R, Moura LPD, Pauli JR. Undulatory physical resistance training program increases maximal strength in elderly type 2 diabetics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 12:425-32. [PMID: 25628192 PMCID: PMC4879907 DOI: 10.1590/s1679-45082014ao3162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Objective To investigate the effects of a specific protocol of undulatory physical resistance training on maximal strength gains in elderly type 2 diabetics. Methods The study included 48 subjects, aged between 60 and 85 years, of both genders. They were divided into two groups: Untrained Diabetic Elderly (n=19) with those who were not subjected to physical training and Trained Diabetic Elderly (n=29), with those who were subjected to undulatory physical resistance training. The participants were evaluated with several types of resistance training’s equipment before and after training protocol, by test of one maximal repetition. The subjects were trained on undulatory resistance three times per week for a period of 16 weeks. The overload used in undulatory resistance training was equivalent to 50% of one maximal repetition and 70% of one maximal repetition, alternating weekly. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences (p<0.05) between pre-test and post-test over a period of 16 weeks. Results The average gains in strength were 43.20% (knee extension), 65.00% (knee flexion), 27.80% (supine sitting machine), 31.00% (rowing sitting), 43.90% (biceps pulley), and 21.10% (triceps pulley). Conclusion Undulatory resistance training used with weekly different overloads was effective to provide significant gains in maximum strength in elderly type 2 diabetic individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Rodolfo Marinho
- Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
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Li J, Cousin C, Tinkler H, Touhami J, Petit V, Thomas N. Profiling of Nutrient Transporter Expression in Human Stem Cell–Derived Cardiomyocytes Exposed to Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Anticancer Drugs Using RBD Ligands. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 19:1185-92. [DOI: 10.1177/1087057114533724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
We applied a novel profiling approach using receptor binding domain (RBD) ligands to cell surface domains of a panel of nutrient transporters to characterize the impact of a number of tyrosine kinase inhibitor anticancer drugs on human stem cell–derived cardiomyocytes. High-content screening and flow cytometry analysis showed diagnostic changes in nutrient transporter expression correlating with glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation–based cell metabolism in glucose and galactose media. Cluster analysis of RBD binding signatures of drug-treated cells cultured in glucose medium showed good correlation with sensitization of mitochondrial toxicity in cells undergoing oxidative phosphorylation in galactose medium. These data demonstrate the potential for RBD ligands as profiling tools to improve the clinical predictivity of in vitro cell assays for drug toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianliang Li
- GE Healthcare, The Maynard Centre, Forest Farm, Whitchurch, Cardiff, UK
| | | | - Hayley Tinkler
- GE Healthcare, The Maynard Centre, Forest Farm, Whitchurch, Cardiff, UK
| | - Jawida Touhami
- METAFORA Biosystems, Pépinière Genopole Entreprises, Evry, France
| | - Vincent Petit
- METAFORA Biosystems, Pépinière Genopole Entreprises, Evry, France
| | - Nick Thomas
- GE Healthcare, The Maynard Centre, Forest Farm, Whitchurch, Cardiff, UK
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25
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De Tata V. Age-related impairment of pancreatic Beta-cell function: pathophysiological and cellular mechanisms. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2014; 5:138. [PMID: 25232350 PMCID: PMC4153315 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2014.00138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of type 2 diabetes significantly increases with age. The relevance of this association is dramatically magnified by the concomitant global aging of the population, but the underlying mechanisms remain to be fully elucidated. Here, some recent advances in this field are reviewed at the level of both the pathophysiology of glucose homeostasis and the cellular senescence of pancreatic islets. Overall, recent results highlight the crucial role of beta-cell dysfunction in the age-related impairment of pancreatic endocrine function and delineate the possibility of new original therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo De Tata
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- *Correspondence: Vincenzo De Tata, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via Roma, 55 Scuola Medica, Pisa 56126, Italy e-mail:
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