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Tamarindo GH, Ribeiro CF, Silva ADT, Castro A, Caruso ÍP, Souza FP, Taboga SR, Loda M, Góes RM. The polyunsaturated fatty acid docosahexaenoic affects mitochondrial function in prostate cancer cells. Cancer Metab 2024; 12:24. [PMID: 39113152 PMCID: PMC11308158 DOI: 10.1186/s40170-024-00348-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer (PCa) shows a rewired metabolism featuring increased fatty acid uptake and synthesis via de novo lipogenesis, both sharply related to mitochondrial physiology. The docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is an omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) that exerts its antitumoral properties via different mechanisms, but its specific action on mitochondria in PCa is not clear. Therefore, we investigated whether the DHA modulates mitochondrial function in PCa cell lines. METHODS Here, we evaluated mitochondrial function of non-malignant PNT1A and the castration-resistant (CRPC) prostate 22Rv1 and PC3 cell lines in response to DHA incubation. For this purpose, we used Seahorse extracellular flux assay to assess mitochondria function, [14C]-glucose to evaluate its oxidation as well as its contribution to fatty acid synthesis, 1H-NMR for metabolite profile determination, MitoSOX for superoxide anion production, JC-1 for mitochondrial membrane polarization, mass spectrometry for determination of phosphatidylglycerol levels and composition, staining with MitoTracker dye to assess mitochondrial morphology under super-resolution in addition to Transmission Electron Microscopy, In-Cell ELISA for COX-I and SDH-A protein expression and flow cytometry (Annexin V and 7-AAD) for cell death estimation. RESULTS In all cell lines DHA decreased basal respiratory activity, ATP production, and the spare capacity in mitochondria. Also, the omega-3 induced mitochondrial hyperpolarization, ROS overproduction and changes in membrane phosphatidylglycerol composition. In PNT1A, DHA led to mitochondrial fragmentation and it increased glycolysis while in cancer cells it stimulated glucose oxidation, but decreased de novo lipogenesis specifically in 22Rv1, indicating a metabolic shift. In all cell lines, DHA modulated several metabolites related to energy metabolism and it was incorporated in phosphatidylglycerol, a precursor of cardiolipin, increasing the unsaturation index in the mitochondrial membrane. Accordingly, DHA triggered cell death mainly in PNT1A and 22Rv1. CONCLUSION In conclusion, mitochondrial metabolism is significantly affected by the PUFA supplementation to the point that cells are not able to proliferate or survive under DHA-enriched condition. Moreover, combination of DHA supplementation with inhibition of metabolism-related pathways, such as de novo lipogenesis, may be synergistic in castration-resistant prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Henrique Tamarindo
- Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Alana Della Torre Silva
- Department of Biological Sciences, IBILCE - UNESP. Rua Cristovão Colombo, 2265 Jardim Nazareth, São José Do Rio Preto, São Paulo, 15054-000, Brazil
| | - Alex Castro
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ícaro Putinhon Caruso
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Science, São Paulo State University, São José Do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and National Center for Structure Biology and Bioimaging (CENABIO), National Center for Nuclear Magnetic Resonance of Macromolecules, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Ilha Do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fátima Pereira Souza
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Science, São Paulo State University, São José Do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sebastião Roberto Taboga
- Department of Biological Sciences, IBILCE - UNESP. Rua Cristovão Colombo, 2265 Jardim Nazareth, São José Do Rio Preto, São Paulo, 15054-000, Brazil
| | - Massimo Loda
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rejane Maira Góes
- Department of Biological Sciences, IBILCE - UNESP. Rua Cristovão Colombo, 2265 Jardim Nazareth, São José Do Rio Preto, São Paulo, 15054-000, Brazil.
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2
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Chausse B, Malorny N, Lewen A, Poschet G, Berndt N, Kann O. Metabolic flexibility ensures proper neuronal network function in moderate neuroinflammation. Sci Rep 2024; 14:14405. [PMID: 38909138 PMCID: PMC11193723 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64872-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Microglia, brain-resident macrophages, can acquire distinct functional phenotypes, which are supported by differential reprogramming of cell metabolism. These adaptations include remodeling in glycolytic and mitochondrial metabolic fluxes, potentially altering energy substrate availability at the tissue level. This phenomenon may be highly relevant in the brain, where metabolism must be precisely regulated to maintain appropriate neuronal excitability and synaptic transmission. Direct evidence that microglia can impact on neuronal energy metabolism has been widely lacking, however. Combining molecular profiling, electrophysiology, oxygen microsensor recordings and mathematical modeling, we investigated microglia-mediated disturbances in brain energetics during neuroinflammation. Our results suggest that proinflammatory microglia showing enhanced nitric oxide release and decreased CX3CR1 expression transiently increase the tissue lactate/glucose ratio that depends on transcriptional reprogramming in microglia, not in neurons. In this condition, neuronal network activity such as gamma oscillations (30-70 Hz) can be fueled by increased ATP production in mitochondria, which is reflected by elevated oxygen consumption. During dysregulated inflammation, high energy demand and low glucose availability can be boundary conditions for neuronal metabolic fitness as revealed by kinetic modeling of single neuron energetics. Collectively, these findings indicate that metabolic flexibility protects neuronal network function against alterations in local substrate availability during moderate neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Chausse
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 326, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
- MEDISS Doctoral Program, INF 110, Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Nikolai Malorny
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 326, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andrea Lewen
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 326, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gernot Poschet
- Metabolomics Core Technology Platform, Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nikolaus Berndt
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), 14558, Nuthetal, Germany
- Institute of Computer-Assisted Cardiovascular Medicine, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité (DHZC), 13353, Berlin, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Oliver Kann
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 326, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences (IZN), Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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3
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Kann O. Lactate as a supplemental fuel for synaptic transmission and neuronal network oscillations: Potentials and limitations. J Neurochem 2024; 168:608-631. [PMID: 37309602 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Lactate shuttled from the blood circulation, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes or even activated microglia (resident macrophages) to neurons has been hypothesized to represent a major source of pyruvate compared to what is normally produced endogenously by neuronal glucose metabolism. However, the role of lactate oxidation in fueling neuronal signaling associated with complex cortex function, such as perception, motor activity, and memory formation, is widely unclear. This issue has been experimentally addressed using electrophysiology in hippocampal slice preparations (ex vivo) that permit the induction of different neural network activation states by electrical stimulation, optogenetic tools or receptor ligand application. Collectively, these studies suggest that lactate in the absence of glucose (lactate only) impairs gamma (30-70 Hz) and theta-gamma oscillations, which feature high energy demand revealed by the cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2, set to 100%). The impairment comprises oscillation attenuation or moderate neural bursts (excitation-inhibition imbalance). The bursting is suppressed by elevating the glucose fraction in energy substrate supply. By contrast, lactate can retain certain electric stimulus-induced neural population responses and intermittent sharp wave-ripple activity that features lower energy expenditure (CMRO2 of about 65%). Lactate utilization increases the oxygen consumption by about 9% during sharp wave-ripples reflecting enhanced adenosine-5'-triphosphate (ATP) synthesis by oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria. Moreover, lactate attenuates neurotransmission in glutamatergic pyramidal cells and fast-spiking, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic interneurons by reducing neurotransmitter release from presynaptic terminals. By contrast, the generation and propagation of action potentials in the axon is regular. In conclusion, lactate is less effective than glucose and potentially detrimental during neural network rhythms featuring high energetic costs, likely through the lack of some obligatory ATP synthesis by aerobic glycolysis at excitatory and inhibitory synapses. High lactate/glucose ratios might contribute to central fatigue, cognitive impairment, and epileptic seizures partially seen, for instance, during exhaustive physical exercise, hypoglycemia and neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Kann
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences (IZN), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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4
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Stephan T, Stoldt S, Barbot M, Carney TD, Lange F, Bates M, Bou Dib P, Inamdar K, Shcherbata HR, Meinecke M, Riedel D, Dennerlein S, Rehling P, Jakobs S. Drosophila MIC10b can polymerize into cristae-shaping filaments. Life Sci Alliance 2024; 7:e202302177. [PMID: 38253420 PMCID: PMC10803214 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202302177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Cristae are invaginations of the mitochondrial inner membrane that are crucial for cellular energy metabolism. The formation of cristae requires the presence of a protein complex known as MICOS, which is conserved across eukaryotic species. One of the subunits of this complex, MIC10, is a transmembrane protein that supports cristae formation by oligomerization. In Drosophila melanogaster, three MIC10-like proteins with different tissue-specific expression patterns exist. We demonstrate that CG41128/MINOS1b/DmMIC10b is the major MIC10 orthologue in flies. Its loss destabilizes MICOS, disturbs cristae architecture, and reduces the life span and fertility of flies. We show that DmMIC10b has a unique ability to polymerize into bundles of filaments, which can remodel mitochondrial crista membranes. The formation of these filaments relies on conserved glycine and cysteine residues, and can be suppressed by the co-expression of other Drosophila MICOS proteins. These findings provide new insights into the regulation of MICOS in flies, and suggest potential mechanisms for the maintenance of mitochondrial ultrastructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Till Stephan
- https://ror.org/03av75f26 Department of NanoBiophotonics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- Clinic of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Stoldt
- https://ror.org/03av75f26 Department of NanoBiophotonics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- Clinic of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells" (MBExC), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mariam Barbot
- https://ror.org/03av75f26 Department of NanoBiophotonics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- Clinic of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Travis D Carney
- Institute of Cell Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
- Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, USA
| | - Felix Lange
- https://ror.org/03av75f26 Department of NanoBiophotonics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- Clinic of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mark Bates
- https://ror.org/03av75f26 Department of NanoBiophotonics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Optical Nanoscopy, Institute for Nanophotonics, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Peter Bou Dib
- https://ror.org/03av75f26 Department of NanoBiophotonics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- Clinic of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kaushik Inamdar
- https://ror.org/03av75f26 Department of NanoBiophotonics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- Clinic of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Halyna R Shcherbata
- Institute of Cell Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
- Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, USA
| | - Michael Meinecke
- Biochemistry Center (BZH), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dietmar Riedel
- Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Science, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sven Dennerlein
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Peter Rehling
- Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells" (MBExC), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Translational Neuroinflammation and Automated Microscopy, Göttingen, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Science, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Jakobs
- https://ror.org/03av75f26 Department of NanoBiophotonics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- Clinic of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells" (MBExC), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Translational Neuroinflammation and Automated Microscopy, Göttingen, Germany
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5
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Atalay P, Ozpolat B. PIM3 Kinase: A Promising Novel Target in Solid Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:535. [PMID: 38339286 PMCID: PMC10854964 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16030535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
PIM3 (provirus-integrating Moloney site 3) is a serine/threonine kinase and belongs to the PIM family (PIM1, PIM2, and PIM3). PIM3 is a proto-oncogene that is frequently overexpressed in cancers originating from endoderm-derived tissues, such as the liver, pancreas, colon, stomach, prostate, and breast cancer. PIM3 plays a critical role in activating multiple oncogenic signaling pathways promoting cancer cell proliferation, survival, invasion, tumor growth, metastasis, and progression, as well as chemo- and radiation therapy resistance and immunosuppressive microenvironment. Genetic inhibition of PIM3 expression suppresses in vitro cell proliferation and in vivo tumor growth and metastasis in mice with solid cancers, indicating that PIM3 is a potential therapeutic target. Although several pan-PIM inhibitors entered phase I clinical trials in hematological cancers, there are currently no FDA-approved inhibitors for the treatment of patients. This review provides an overview of recent developments and insights into the role of PIM3 in various cancers and its potential as a novel molecular target for cancer therapy. We also discuss the current status of PIM-targeted therapies in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinar Atalay
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Bulent Ozpolat
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
- Methodist Neil Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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6
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Poerschke S, Oeljeklaus S, Cruz-Zaragoza LD, Schenzielorz A, Dahal D, Hillen HS, Das H, Kremer LS, Valpadashi A, Breuer M, Sattmann J, Richter-Dennerlein R, Warscheid B, Dennerlein S, Rehling P. Identification of TMEM126A as OXA1L-interacting protein reveals cotranslational quality control in mitochondria. Mol Cell 2024; 84:345-358.e5. [PMID: 38199007 PMCID: PMC10805001 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2023.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Cellular proteostasis requires transport of polypeptides across membranes. Although defective transport processes trigger cytosolic rescue and quality control mechanisms that clear translocases and membranes from unproductive cargo, proteins that are synthesized within mitochondria are not accessible to these mechanisms. Mitochondrial-encoded proteins are inserted cotranslationally into the inner membrane by the conserved insertase OXA1L. Here, we identify TMEM126A as a OXA1L-interacting protein. TMEM126A associates with mitochondrial ribosomes and translation products. Loss of TMEM126A leads to the destabilization of mitochondrial translation products, triggering an inner membrane quality control process, in which newly synthesized proteins are degraded by the mitochondrial iAAA protease. Our data reveal that TMEM126A cooperates with OXA1L in protein insertion into the membrane. Upon loss of TMEM126A, the cargo-blocked OXA1L insertase complexes undergo proteolytic clearance by the iAAA protease machinery together with its cargo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Poerschke
- Institute for Cellular Biochemistry, University of Goettingen, 37073 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Silke Oeljeklaus
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Biochemistry II, Theodor Boveri-Institute, University of Würzburg, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | | | - Alexander Schenzielorz
- Institute for Biology II, Faculty for Biology, Functional Proteomics, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Drishan Dahal
- Institute for Cellular Biochemistry, University of Goettingen, 37073 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Hauke Sven Hillen
- Institute for Cellular Biochemistry, University of Goettingen, 37073 Goettingen, Germany; Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells" (MBExC), University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany; Research Group Structure and Function of Molecular Machines, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Hirak Das
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Biochemistry II, Theodor Boveri-Institute, University of Würzburg, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Laura Sophie Kremer
- Institute for Cellular Biochemistry, University of Goettingen, 37073 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Anusha Valpadashi
- Institute for Cellular Biochemistry, University of Goettingen, 37073 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Mirjam Breuer
- Institute for Cellular Biochemistry, University of Goettingen, 37073 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Johannes Sattmann
- Institute for Cellular Biochemistry, University of Goettingen, 37073 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Ricarda Richter-Dennerlein
- Institute for Cellular Biochemistry, University of Goettingen, 37073 Goettingen, Germany; Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells" (MBExC), University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany; Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Goettingen, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Bettina Warscheid
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Biochemistry II, Theodor Boveri-Institute, University of Würzburg, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany; Cluster of Excellence CIBSS Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sven Dennerlein
- Institute for Cellular Biochemistry, University of Goettingen, 37073 Goettingen, Germany.
| | - Peter Rehling
- Institute for Cellular Biochemistry, University of Goettingen, 37073 Goettingen, Germany; Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells" (MBExC), University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany; Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Goettingen, 37077 Goettingen, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Translational Neuroinflammation and Automated Microscopy, Goettingen, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, 37077 Goettingen, Germany.
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7
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Pyrih J, Hammond M, Alves A, Dean S, Sunter JD, Wheeler RJ, Gull K, Lukeš J. Comprehensive sub-mitochondrial protein map of the parasitic protist Trypanosoma brucei defines critical features of organellar biology. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113083. [PMID: 37669165 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We have generated a high-confidence mitochondrial proteome (MitoTag) of the Trypanosoma brucei procyclic stage containing 1,239 proteins. For 337 of these, a mitochondrial localization had not been described before. We use the TrypTag dataset as a foundation and take advantage of the properties of the fluorescent protein tag that causes aberrant but fortuitous accumulation of tagged matrix and inner membrane proteins near the kinetoplast (mitochondrial DNA). Combined with transmembrane domain predictions, this characteristic allowed categorization of 1,053 proteins into mitochondrial sub-compartments, the detection of unique matrix-localized fucose and methionine synthesis, and the identification of new kinetoplast proteins, which showed kinetoplast-linked pyrimidine synthesis. Moreover, disruption of targeting signals by tagging allowed mapping of the mode of protein targeting to these sub-compartments, identifying a set of C-tail anchored outer mitochondrial membrane proteins and mitochondrial carriers likely employing multiple target peptides. This dataset represents a comprehensive, updated mapping of the mitochondrion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Pyrih
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice (Budweis), Czech Republic; Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic.
| | - Michael Hammond
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice (Budweis), Czech Republic
| | | | - Samuel Dean
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | | | - Richard John Wheeler
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Keith Gull
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Julius Lukeš
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice (Budweis), Czech Republic; Faculty of Sciences, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice (Budweis), Czech Republic.
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Zalewska A, Antonowicz B, Szulimowska J, Zieniewska-Siemieńczuk I, Leśniewska B, Borys J, Zięba S, Kostecka-Sochoń P, Żendzian-Piotrowska M, Lo Giudice R, Lo Giudice G, Żukowski P, Maciejczyk M. Mitochondrial Redox Balance of Fibroblasts Exposed to Ti-6Al-4V Microplates Subjected to Different Types of Anodizing. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12896. [PMID: 37629077 PMCID: PMC10454109 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the high biocompatibility of titanium and its alloys, the need to remove titanium implants is increasingly being debated due to the potential for adverse effects associated with long-term retention. Therefore, new solutions are being sought to enhance the biocompatibility of titanium implants. One of them is to increase the thickness of the passive layer of the implant made of titanium dioxide. We were the first to evaluate the effect of hard-anodized (type II) Ti-6Al-4V alloy discs on the cytotoxicity, mitochondrial function, and redox balance of fibroblasts mitochondria compared to standard-anodized (type III) and non-anodized discs. The study used fibroblasts obtained from human gingival tissue. The test discs were applied to the bottom of 12-well plates. Cells were cultured for 24 h and 7, 14, and 21 days and mitochondria were isolated. We demonstrated the occurrence of oxidative stress in the mitochondria of fibroblasts of all tested groups, regardless of the presence and type of anodization. Type II anodization prevented changes in complex II activity (vs. control). The lowest degree of citrate synthase inhibition occurred in mitochondria exposed to titanium discs with type II anodization. In the last phase of culture, the presence of type II anodization reduced the degree of cytochrome c oxidase inhibition compared to the other tests groups and the control group, and prevented apoptosis. Throughout the experiment, the release of titanium, aluminium, and vanadium ions from titanium discs with a hard-anodized passive layer was higher than from the other titanium discs, but decreased with time. The obtained results proved the existence of dysfunction and redox imbalance in the mitochondria of fibroblasts exposed to hard-anodized titanium discs, suggesting the need to search for new materials perhaps biodegradable in tissues of the human body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Zalewska
- Conservative Dentistry Department, Medical University in Bialystok, 15-278 Bialystok, Poland; (J.S.); (I.Z.-S.); (P.K.-S.)
| | - Bożena Antonowicz
- Dental Surgery Department, Medical University in Bialystok, 15-278 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Julita Szulimowska
- Conservative Dentistry Department, Medical University in Bialystok, 15-278 Bialystok, Poland; (J.S.); (I.Z.-S.); (P.K.-S.)
| | - Izabela Zieniewska-Siemieńczuk
- Conservative Dentistry Department, Medical University in Bialystok, 15-278 Bialystok, Poland; (J.S.); (I.Z.-S.); (P.K.-S.)
| | - Barbara Leśniewska
- Department of Analytical and Inorganic Chemistry, University in Bialystok, 15-328 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Jan Borys
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Medical University in Bialystok, 15-278 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Sara Zięba
- PhD School, Medical University in Bialystok, 15-278 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Paula Kostecka-Sochoń
- Conservative Dentistry Department, Medical University in Bialystok, 15-278 Bialystok, Poland; (J.S.); (I.Z.-S.); (P.K.-S.)
| | - Małgorzata Żendzian-Piotrowska
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Ergonomics, Medical University in Bialystok, 15-278 Bialystok, Poland; (M.Ż.-P.); (M.M.)
| | - Roberto Lo Giudice
- Department of Human Pathology of the Adult and Evolutive Age G. Barresi, Messina University, 98100 Messina, Italy;
| | - Giusseppe Lo Giudice
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Messina University, 98100 Messina, Italy;
| | - Piotr Żukowski
- Restorative Dentistry Department, Croydon University, London CR9 1DX, UK;
| | - Mateusz Maciejczyk
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Ergonomics, Medical University in Bialystok, 15-278 Bialystok, Poland; (M.Ż.-P.); (M.M.)
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9
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Kim M, Serwa RA, Samluk L, Suppanz I, Kodroń A, Stępkowski TM, Elancheliyan P, Tsegaye B, Oeljeklaus S, Wasilewski M, Warscheid B, Chacinska A. Immunoproteasome-specific subunit PSMB9 induction is required to regulate cellular proteostasis upon mitochondrial dysfunction. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4092. [PMID: 37433777 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39642-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Perturbed cellular protein homeostasis (proteostasis) and mitochondrial dysfunction play an important role in neurodegenerative diseases, however, the interplay between these two phenomena remains unclear. Mitochondrial dysfunction leads to a delay in mitochondrial protein import, causing accumulation of non-imported mitochondrial proteins in the cytosol and challenging proteostasis. Cells respond by increasing proteasome activity and molecular chaperones in yeast and C. elegans. Here, we demonstrate that in human cells mitochondrial dysfunction leads to the upregulation of a chaperone HSPB1 and, interestingly, an immunoproteasome-specific subunit PSMB9. Moreover, PSMB9 expression is dependent on the translation elongation factor EEF1A2. These mechanisms constitute a defense response to preserve cellular proteostasis under mitochondrial stress. Our findings define a mode of proteasomal activation through the change in proteasome composition driven by EEF1A2 and its spatial regulation, and are useful to formulate therapies to prevent neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minji Kim
- IMol Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Remigiusz A Serwa
- IMol Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
- ReMedy International Research Agenda Unit, IMol Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lukasz Samluk
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ida Suppanz
- CIBSS Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Agata Kodroń
- IMol Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
- ReMedy International Research Agenda Unit, IMol Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz M Stępkowski
- IMol Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
- ReMedy International Research Agenda Unit, IMol Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | | | - Silke Oeljeklaus
- Department of Biochemistry, Theodor Boveri-Institute, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Bettina Warscheid
- CIBSS Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry, Theodor Boveri-Institute, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Agnieszka Chacinska
- IMol Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
- ReMedy International Research Agenda Unit, IMol Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
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10
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Fialova JL, Hönigova K, Raudenska M, Miksatkova L, Zobalova R, Navratil J, Šmigová J, Moturu TR, Vicar T, Balvan J, Vesela K, Abramenko N, Kejik Z, Kaplanek R, Gumulec J, Rosel D, Martasek P, Brábek J, Jakubek M, Neuzil J, Masarik M. Pentamethinium salts suppress key metastatic processes by regulating mitochondrial function and inhibiting dihydroorotate dehydrogenase respiration. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 154:113582. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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11
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Johnson RP, Ratnacaram CK, Kumar L, Jose J. Combinatorial approaches of nanotherapeutics for inflammatory pathway targeted therapy of prostate cancer. Drug Resist Updat 2022; 64:100865. [PMID: 36099796 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2022.100865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PC) is the most prevalent male urogenital cancer worldwide. PC patients presenting an advanced or metastatic cancer succumb to the disease, even after therapeutic interventions including radiotherapy, surgery, androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), and chemotherapy. One of the hallmarks of PC is evading immune surveillance and chronic inflammation, which is a major challenge towards designing effective therapeutic formulations against PC. Chronic inflammation in PC is often characterized by tumor microenvironment alterations, epithelial-mesenchymal transition and extracellular matrix modifications. The inflammatory events are modulated by reactive nitrogen and oxygen species, inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Major signaling pathways in PC includes androgen receptor, PI3K and NF-κB pathways and targeting these inter-linked pathways poses a major therapeutic challenge. Notably, many conventional treatments are clinically unsuccessful, due to lack of targetability and poor bioavailability of the therapeutics, untoward toxicity and multidrug resistance. The past decade witnessed an advancement of nanotechnology as an excellent therapeutic paradigm for PC therapy. Modern nanovectorization strategies such as stimuli-responsive and active PC targeting carriers offer controlled release patterns and superior anti-cancer effects. The current review initially describes the classification, inflammatory triggers and major inflammatory pathways of PC, various PC treatment strategies and their limitations. Subsequently, recent advancement in combinatorial nanotherapeutic approaches, which target PC inflammatory pathways, and the mechanism of action are discussed. Besides, the current clinical status and prospects of PC homing nanovectorization, and major challenges to be addressed towards the advancement PC therapy are also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renjith P Johnson
- Polymer Nanobiomaterial Research Laboratory, Nanoscience and Microfluidics Division, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka 575018, India
| | - Chandrahas Koumar Ratnacaram
- Cell Signaling and Cancer Biology Division, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka 575018, India
| | - Lalit Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Udupi, Karnataka 576 104, India
| | - Jobin Jose
- NITTE Deemed-to-be University, NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutics, Mangalore 575018, India.
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12
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Meza-Buendia AK, Aparicio-Trejo OE, Díaz F, Caamal-Monsreal C, Pedraza-Chaverri J, Álvarez-Delgado C, Paschke K, Rosas C. High resolution respirometry of isolated mitochondria from adult Octopus maya (Class: Cephalopoda) systemic heart. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0273554. [PMID: 36037204 PMCID: PMC9423623 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial respirometry is key to understand how environmental factors model energetic cellular process. In the case of ectotherms, thermal tolerance has been hypothesized to be intimately linked with mitochondria capability to produce enough adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to respond to the energetic demands of animals in high temperatures. In a recent study made in Octopus maya was proposed the hypothesis postulating that high temperatures could restrain female reproduction due to the limited capacity of the animals’ heart to sustain oxygen flow to the body, affecting in this manner energy production in the rest of the organs, including the ovarium Meza-Buendia AK et al. (2021). Unfortunately, until now, no reports have shown temperature effects and other environmental variables on cephalopod mitochondria activity because of the lack of a method to evaluate mitochondrial respiratory parameters in those species’ groups. In this sense and for the first time, this study developed a method to obtain mitochondrial respirometry data of adult Octopus maya’s heart. This protocol illustrates a step-by-step procedure to get high yield and functional mitochondria of cephalopod heart and procedure for determining the corresponding respiratory parameters. The procedure described in this paper takes approximately 3 to 4 hours from isolation of intact mitochondria to measurement of mitochondrial oxygen consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Karen Meza-Buendia
- Laboratorio de Ecofisiología de Organismos Acuáticos, Departamento de Biotecnología Marina, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada (CICESE), Ensenada, Baja California, México
| | - Omar Emiliano Aparicio-Trejo
- Departamento de Fisiopatología Cardio-Renal, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología “Ignacio Chávez”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Fernando Díaz
- Laboratorio de Ecofisiología de Organismos Acuáticos, Departamento de Biotecnología Marina, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada (CICESE), Ensenada, Baja California, México
| | - Claudia Caamal-Monsreal
- Unidad Multidisciplinaria de Docencia e Investigación, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Sisal, Mexico
- Laboratorio de Resilencia Costera LANRESC, CONACYT, Sisal, Mexico
| | - José Pedraza-Chaverri
- Laboratorio F-315, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Carolina Álvarez-Delgado
- Departamento de Innovación Biomédica, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada (CICESE), Baja California, Mexico
| | - Kurt Paschke
- Instituto de Acuicultura, Universidad Austral de Chile, Puerto Montt, Chile
- Centro FONDAP de Investigación de AltasLatitudes (IDEAL), Punta Arenas, Chile
| | - Carlos Rosas
- Unidad Multidisciplinaria de Docencia e Investigación, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Sisal, Mexico
- Laboratorio de Resilencia Costera LANRESC, CONACYT, Sisal, Mexico
- * E-mail:
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13
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Scott SR, Singh K, Yu Q, Sen CK, Wang M. Sex as Biological Variable in Cardiac Mitochondrial Bioenergetic Responses to Acute Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:9312. [PMID: 36012574 PMCID: PMC9409303 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac dysfunction/damage following trauma, shock, sepsis, and ischemia impacts clinical outcomes. Acute inflammation and oxidative stress triggered by these injuries impair mitochondria, which are critical to maintaining cardiac function. Despite sex dimorphisms in consequences of these injuries, it is unclear whether mitochondrial bioenergetic responses to inflammation/oxidative stress are sex-dependent. We hypothesized that sex disparity in mitochondrial bioenergetics following TNFα or H2O2 exposure is responsible for reported sex differences in cardiac damage/dysfunction. Methods and Results: Cardiomyocytes isolated from age-matched adult male and female mice were subjected to 1 h TNFα or H2O2 challenge, followed by detection of mitochondrial respiration capacity using the Seahorse XF96 Cell Mito Stress Test. Mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) was analyzed using JC-1 in TNFα-challenged cardiomyocytes. We found that cardiomyocytes isolated from female mice displayed a better mitochondrial bioenergetic response to TNFα or H2O2 than those isolated from male mice did. TNFα decreased ΔΨm in cardiomyocytes isolated from males but not from females. 17β-estradiol (E2) treatment improved mitochondrial metabolic function in cardiomyocytes from male mice subjected to TNFα or H2O2 treatment. Conclusions: Cardiomyocyte mitochondria from female mice were more resistant to acute stress than those from males. The female sex hormone E2 treatment protected cardiac mitochondria against acute inflammatory and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan R. Scott
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Kanhaiya Singh
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine and Engineering, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Qing Yu
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Chandan K. Sen
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine and Engineering, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Meijing Wang
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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14
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Dennerlein S, Poerschke S, Oeljeklaus S, Wang C, Richter-Dennerlein R, Sattmann J, Bauermeister D, Hanitsch E, Stoldt S, Langer T, Jakobs S, Warscheid B, Rehling P. Defining the interactome of the human mitochondrial ribosome identifies SMIM4 and TMEM223 as respiratory chain assembly factors. eLife 2021; 10:68213. [PMID: 34969438 PMCID: PMC8719881 DOI: 10.7554/elife.68213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human mitochondria express a genome that encodes thirteen core subunits of the oxidative phosphorylation system (OXPHOS). These proteins insert into the inner membrane co-translationally. Therefore, mitochondrial ribosomes engage with the OXA1L-insertase and membrane-associated proteins, which support membrane insertion of translation products and early assembly steps into OXPHOS complexes. To identify ribosome-associated biogenesis factors for the OXPHOS system, we purified ribosomes and associated proteins from mitochondria. We identified TMEM223 as a ribosome-associated protein involved in complex IV biogenesis. TMEM223 stimulates the translation of COX1 mRNA and is a constituent of early COX1 assembly intermediates. Moreover, we show that SMIM4 together with C12ORF73 interacts with newly synthesized cytochrome b to support initial steps of complex III biogenesis in complex with UQCC1 and UQCC2. Our analyses define the interactome of the human mitochondrial ribosome and reveal novel assembly factors for complex III and IV biogenesis that link early assembly stages to the translation machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Dennerlein
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sabine Poerschke
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Silke Oeljeklaus
- Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics, Institute of Biology II, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Cong Wang
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ricarda Richter-Dennerlein
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells" (MBExC), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Johannes Sattmann
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Diana Bauermeister
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Elisa Hanitsch
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Stoldt
- Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells" (MBExC), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Department of NanoBiophotonics, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Langer
- Department of Mitochondrial Proteostasis, Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Stefan Jakobs
- Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells" (MBExC), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Department of NanoBiophotonics, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Translational Neuroinflammation and Automated Microscopy, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Bettina Warscheid
- Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics, Institute of Biology II, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Peter Rehling
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells" (MBExC), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Translational Neuroinflammation and Automated Microscopy, Göttingen, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
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15
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Curcumin and Carnosic Acid Cooperate to Inhibit Proliferation and Alter Mitochondrial Function of Metastatic Prostate Cancer Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10101591. [PMID: 34679726 PMCID: PMC8533243 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10101591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Anticancer activities of plant polyphenols have been demonstrated in various models of neoplasia. However, evidence obtained in numerous in vitro studies indicates that proliferation arrest and/or killing of cancer cells require quite high micromolar concentrations of polyphenols that are difficult to reach in vivo and can also be (geno)toxic to at least some types of normal cells. The ability of certain polyphenols to synergize with one another at low concentrations can be used as a promising strategy to effectively treat human malignancies. We have recently reported that curcumin and carnosic acid applied at non-cytotoxic concentrations synergistically cooperate to induce massive apoptosis in acute myeloid leukemia cells, but not in normal hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cells, via sustained cytosolic calcium overload. Here, we show that the two polyphenols can also synergistically suppress the growth of DU145 and PC-3 metastatic prostate cancer cell cultures. However, instead of cell killing, the combined treatment induced a marked inhibition of cell proliferation associated with G0/G1 cell cycle arrest. This was preceded by transient elevation of cytosolic calcium levels and prolonged dissipation of the mitochondrial membrane potential, without generating oxidative stress, and was associated with defective oxidative phosphorylation encompassing mitochondrial dysfunction. The above effects were concomitant with a significant downregulation of mRNA and protein expression of the oncogenic kinase SGK1, the mitochondria-hosted mTOR component. In addition, a moderate decrease in SGK1 phosphorylation at Ser422 was observed in polyphenol-treated cells. The mTOR inhibitor rapamycin produced a similar reduction in SGK1 mRNA and protein levels as well as phosphorylation. Collectively, our findings suggest that the combination of curcumin and carnosic acid at potentially bioavailable concentrations may effectively target different types of cancer cells by distinct modes of action. This and similar combinations merit further exploration as an anticancer modality.
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16
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Hałubiec P, Łazarczyk A, Szafrański O, Bohn T, Dulińska-Litewka J. Synthetic Retinoids as Potential Therapeutics in Prostate Cancer-An Update of the Last Decade of Research: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10537. [PMID: 34638876 PMCID: PMC8508817 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PC) is the second most common tumor in males. The search for appropriate therapeutic options against advanced PC has been in process for several decades. Especially after cessation of the effectiveness of hormonal therapy (i.e., emergence of castration-resistant PC), PC management options have become scarce and the prognosis is poor. To overcome this stage of disease, an array of natural and synthetic substances underwent investigation. An interesting and promising class of compounds constitutes the derivatives of natural retinoids. Synthesized on the basis of the structure of retinoic acid, they present unique and remarkable properties that warrant their investigation as antitumor drugs. However, there is no up-to-date compilation that consecutively summarizes the current state of knowledge about synthetic retinoids with regard to PC. Therefore, in this review, we present the results of the experimental studies on synthetic retinoids conducted within the last decade. Our primary aim is to highlight the molecular targets of these compounds and to identify their potential promise in the treatment of PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Przemysław Hałubiec
- Medical Biochemistry Medical College, Jagiellonian University, 31-034 Cracow, Poland; (P.H.); (A.Ł.); (O.S.)
| | - Agnieszka Łazarczyk
- Medical Biochemistry Medical College, Jagiellonian University, 31-034 Cracow, Poland; (P.H.); (A.Ł.); (O.S.)
| | - Oskar Szafrański
- Medical Biochemistry Medical College, Jagiellonian University, 31-034 Cracow, Poland; (P.H.); (A.Ł.); (O.S.)
| | - Torsten Bohn
- Nutrition and Health Research Group 1 A-B, Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1 A-B, rue Thomas Edison, L-23 1445 Strassen, Luxembourg;
| | - Joanna Dulińska-Litewka
- Medical Biochemistry Medical College, Jagiellonian University, 31-034 Cracow, Poland; (P.H.); (A.Ł.); (O.S.)
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17
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Schilling S, Chausse B, Dikmen HO, Almouhanna F, Hollnagel JO, Lewen A, Kann O. TLR2- and TLR3-activated microglia induce different levels of neuronal network dysfunction in a context-dependent manner. Brain Behav Immun 2021; 96:80-91. [PMID: 34015428 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2021.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recognition of pathogen- or damage-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs, DAMPs) by innate Toll-like receptors (TLRs) is central to the activation of microglia (brain macrophages) in many CNS diseases. Notably, TLR-mediated microglial activation is complex and modulated by additional exogenous and endogenous immunological signals. The impact of different microglial reactive phenotypes on electrical activity and neurotransmission is widely unknown, however. We explored the effects of TLR ligands on microglia and neuronal network function in rat organotypic hippocampal slice cultures (in situ), i.e., postnatal cortical tissue lacking adaptive immunity. Single exposure of slice cultures to TLR2 or TLR3 ligands [PGN, poly(I:C)] for 2-3 days induced moderate microglial activation featuring IL-6 and TNF-α release and only mild alterations of fast neuronal gamma band oscillations (30-70 Hz) that are fundamental to higher cognitive functions, such as perception, memory and behavior. Paired exposure to TLR3/TLR2 or TLR3/TLR4 ligands (LPS) induced nitric oxide (NO) release, enhanced TNF-α release, and associated with advanced network dysfunction, including slowing to the beta frequency band (12-30 Hz) and neural bursts (hyperexcitability). Paired exposure to a TLR ligand and the leukocyte cytokine IFN-γ enhanced NO release and associated with severe network dysfunction, albeit sensitive parvalbumin- and somatostatin-positive inhibitory interneurons were preserved. Notably, the neuronal disturbance was prevented by either microglial depletion or pharmacological inhibition of oxidant-producing enzymes, inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and NADPH oxidase. In conclusion, TLR-activated microglia can induce different levels of neuronal network dysfunction, in which severe dysfunction is mainly caused by reactive oxygen and nitrogen species rather than proinflammatory cytokines. Our findings provide a mechanistic insight into microglial activation and functional neuronal network impairment, with relevance to neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration observed in, e.g., meningoencephalitis, multiple sclerosis and Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Schilling
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bruno Chausse
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hasan Onur Dikmen
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Fadi Almouhanna
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jan-Oliver Hollnagel
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andrea Lewen
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Oliver Kann
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences (IZN), University of Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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18
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Charles C, Cohen-Erez I, Kazaoka B, Melnikov O, Stein DE, Sensenig R, Rapaport H, Orynbayeva Z. Mitochondrial responses to organelle-specific drug delivering nanoparticles composed of polypeptide and peptide complexes. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2020; 15:2917-2932. [PMID: 33241963 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2020-0266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: The mechanistic study of the drug carrier-target interactions of mitochondria-unique nanoparticles composed of polypeptide-peptide complexes (mPoP-NPs). Materials & methods: The isolated organelles were employed to address the direct effects of mPoP-NPs on dynamic structure and functional wellbeing of mitochondria. Mitochondria morphology, respiration, membrane potential, reactive oxygen species generation, were examined by confocal microscopy, flow cytometry and oxygraphy. Lonidamine-encapsulated formulation was assessed to evaluate the drug delivery capacity of the naive nanoparticles. Results: The mPoP-NPs do not alter mitochondria structure and performance upon docking to organelles, while successfully delivering drug that causes organelle dysfunction. Conclusion: The study gives insight into interactions of mPoP-NPs with mitochondria and provides substantial support for consideration of designed nanoparticles as biocompatible and efficient mitochondria-targeted platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carleigh Charles
- Department of Surgery, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA
| | - Ifat Cohen-Erez
- Avram & Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering & Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscience & technology, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Blake Kazaoka
- Department of Surgery, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA
| | - Olga Melnikov
- Department of Surgery, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA
| | - David E Stein
- Department of Surgery, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA
| | - Richard Sensenig
- Department of Surgery, Cooper University Hospital, Camden, NJ 08103, USA
| | - Hanna Rapaport
- Avram & Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering & Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscience & technology, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Zulfiya Orynbayeva
- Department of Surgery, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA
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19
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Kory N, Uit de Bos J, van der Rijt S, Jankovic N, Güra M, Arp N, Pena IA, Prakash G, Chan SH, Kunchok T, Lewis CA, Sabatini DM. MCART1/SLC25A51 is required for mitochondrial NAD transport. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:sciadv.abe5310. [PMID: 33087354 PMCID: PMC7577609 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abe5310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+/NADH) pair is a cofactor in redox reactions and is particularly critical in mitochondria as it connects substrate oxidation by the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle to adenosine triphosphate generation by the electron transport chain (ETC) and oxidative phosphorylation. While a mitochondrial NAD+ transporter has been identified in yeast, how NAD enters mitochondria in metazoans is unknown. Here, we mine gene essentiality data from human cell lines to identify MCART1 (SLC25A51) as coessential with ETC components. MCART1-null cells have large decreases in TCA cycle flux, mitochondrial respiration, ETC complex I activity, and mitochondrial levels of NAD+ and NADH. Isolated mitochondria from cells lacking or overexpressing MCART1 have greatly decreased or increased NAD uptake in vitro, respectively. Moreover, MCART1 and NDT1, a yeast mitochondrial NAD+ transporter, can functionally complement for each other. Thus, we propose that MCART1 is the long sought mitochondrial transporter for NAD in human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Kory
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 455 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Biology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 415 Main Street, Cambridge MA 02142, USA
| | - Jelmi Uit de Bos
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 455 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Sanne van der Rijt
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 455 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Nevena Jankovic
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 455 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Miriam Güra
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 455 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Nicholas Arp
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 455 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Izabella A Pena
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 455 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Gyan Prakash
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 455 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Sze Ham Chan
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 455 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Tenzin Kunchok
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 455 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Caroline A Lewis
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 455 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - David M Sabatini
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 455 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Biology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 415 Main Street, Cambridge MA 02142, USA
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20
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Zichri SB, Kolusheva S, Shames AI, Schneiderman EA, Poggio JL, Stein DE, Doubijensky E, Levy D, Orynbayeva Z, Jelinek R. Mitochondria membrane transformations in colon and prostate cancer and their biological implications. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2020; 1863:183471. [PMID: 32931774 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2020.183471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria have emerged as important determinants in cancer progression and malignancy. However, the role of mitochondrial membranes in cancer onset and progression has not been thoroughly investigated. This study compares the structural and functional properties of mitochondrial membranes in prostate and colon cancer cells in comparison to normal mitochondria, and possible therapeutic implications of these membrane changes. Specifically, isolation of cell mitochondria and preparation of inverted sub-mitochondrial particles (SMPs) illuminated significant cancer-induced modulations of membrane lipid compositions, fluidity, and activity of cytochrome c oxidase, one of the key mitochondrial enzymes. The experimental data further show that cancer-associated membrane transformations may account for mitochondria targeting by betulinic acid and resveratrol, known anti-cancer molecules. Overall, this study probes the relationship between cancer and mitochondrial membrane transformations, underlying a potential therapeutic significance for mitochondrial membrane targeting in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shani Ben Zichri
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Sofiya Kolusheva
- Ilze Katz Center for Nanotechnology, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | | | - Elina Abaev Schneiderman
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty for Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Juan L Poggio
- Department of Surgery, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA
| | - David E Stein
- Department of Surgery, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA
| | - Elena Doubijensky
- Ilze Katz Center for Nanotechnology, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Dan Levy
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty for Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Zulfiya Orynbayeva
- Department of Surgery, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA.
| | - Raz Jelinek
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel; Ilze Katz Center for Nanotechnology, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel.
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21
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Selective inhibition of mitochondrial respiratory complexes controls the transition of microglia into a neurotoxic phenotype in situ. Brain Behav Immun 2020; 88:802-814. [PMID: 32446944 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.05.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia are tissue resident macrophages (innate immunity) and universal sensors of alterations in CNS physiology. In response to pathogen or damage signals, microglia feature rapid activation and can acquire different phenotypes exerting neuroprotection or neurotoxicity. Although transcriptional aspects of microglial phenotypic transitions have been described, the underlying metabolic reprogramming is widely unknown. Employing postnatal organotypic hippocampal slice cultures, we describe that microglia transformed into a mild reactive phenotype by single TLR4 stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which was boosted into a severe neurotoxic phenotype by IFN-γ (LPS + INF-γ). The two reactive phenotypes associated with reduction of microglial homeostatic "surveillance" markers, increase of cytokine release (IL-6, TNF-α) as well as enhancement of tissue energy demand and lactate production. These reactive phenotypes differed in the pattern of inhibition of the respiratory chain in mitochondria, however. TLR4 stimulation induced succinate dehydrogenase (complex II) inhibition by the metabolite itaconate. By contrast, TLR4 + IFN-γ receptor stimulation mainly resulted in complex IV inhibition by nitric oxide (NO) that also associated with severe oxidative stress, neuronal dysfunction and death. Notably, pharmacological depletion of microglia or treatment with itaconate resulted in effective neuroprotection reflected by well-preserved cytoarchitecture and electrical network activity, i.e., neuronal gamma oscillations (30-70 Hz) that underlie higher cognitive functions in vivo. Our findings provide in situ evidence that (i) proinflammatory microglia can substantially alter brain energy metabolism and (ii) fine-tuning of itaconate and NO metabolism determines microglial reactivity, impairment of neural network function and neurodegeneration. These data add mechanistic insights into microglial activation, with relevance to disorders featuring neuroinflammation and to drug discovery.
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22
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Altinok O, Poggio JL, Stein DE, Bowne WB, Shieh AC, Snyder NW, Orynbayeva Z. Malate-aspartate shuttle promotes l-lactate oxidation in mitochondria. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:2569-2581. [PMID: 31490559 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Metabolism in cancer cells is rewired to generate sufficient energy equivalents and anabolic precursors to support high proliferative activity. Within the context of these competing drives aerobic glycolysis is inefficient for the cancer cellular energy economy. Therefore, many cancer types, including colon cancer, reprogram mitochondria-dependent processes to fulfill their elevated energy demands. Elevated glycolysis underlying the Warburg effect is an established signature of cancer metabolism. However, there are a growing number of studies that show that mitochondria remain highly oxidative under glycolytic conditions. We hypothesized that activities of glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation are coordinated to maintain redox compartmentalization. We investigated the role of mitochondria-associated malate-aspartate and lactate shuttles in colon cancer cells as potential regulators that couple aerobic glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation. We demonstrated that the malate-aspartate shuttle exerts control over NAD+ /NADH homeostasis to maintain activity of mitochondrial lactate dehydrogenase and to enable aerobic oxidation of glycolytic l-lactate in mitochondria. The elevated glycolysis in cancer cells is proposed to be one of the mechanisms acquired to accelerate oxidative phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oya Altinok
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Surgery, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Juan L Poggio
- Department of Surgery, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - David E Stein
- Department of Surgery, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Wilbur B Bowne
- Department of Surgery, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Adrian C Shieh
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Zulfiya Orynbayeva
- Department of Surgery, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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23
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Vayalil PK. Mitochondrial oncobioenergetics of prostate tumorigenesis. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:4367-4376. [PMID: 31611945 PMCID: PMC6781517 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are emerging as key players in the tumorigenic process of cells by maintaining the biosynthetic and energetic capabilities of cancer cells. It is now evident that mitochondria are involved in the malignant transformation, cell proliferation, aggression and metastatic behavior of prostate cancer (PC). Recent comprehensive analysis of the mitochondrial oncobioenergetic (MOB) profile of PC cells using microplate-based high resolution respirometry has clearly demonstrated that characteristic MOB alterations occur at different stages of PC development. Additionally, studies have reported that modification of the MOB profile significantly inhibits the growth of malignant cells. This observation suggests that dynamic alterations in the MOB function are a critical component in the development of malignant disease of the prostate. Therefore, quantification of MOB function may be a good marker for the prediction of tumor stage. Future studies may develop novel approaches to measure oncobioenergetics of tumors with minimal invasive procedures effectively in men to determine the general prostate health and tumor staging, and to predict whether a tumor will proceed to malignancy in patients. Additionally, since PC is a slow growing tumor, modulating the MOB profile at specific stages of tumor development may be a novel approach to treat or prevent PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Kumar Vayalil
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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24
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Kory N, Wyant GA, Prakash G, Uit de Bos J, Bottanelli F, Pacold ME, Chan SH, Lewis CA, Wang T, Keys HR, Guo YE, Sabatini DM. SFXN1 is a mitochondrial serine transporter required for one-carbon metabolism. Science 2019; 362:362/6416/eaat9528. [PMID: 30442778 DOI: 10.1126/science.aat9528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
One-carbon metabolism generates the one-carbon units required to synthesize many critical metabolites, including nucleotides. The pathway has cytosolic and mitochondrial branches, and a key step is the entry, through an unknown mechanism, of serine into mitochondria, where it is converted into glycine and formate. In a CRISPR-based genetic screen in human cells for genes of the mitochondrial pathway, we found sideroflexin 1 (SFXN1), a multipass inner mitochondrial membrane protein of unclear function. Like cells missing mitochondrial components of one-carbon metabolism, those null for SFXN1 are defective in glycine and purine synthesis. Cells lacking SFXN1 and one of its four homologs, SFXN3, have more severe defects, including being auxotrophic for glycine. Purified SFXN1 transports serine in vitro. Thus, SFXN1 functions as a mitochondrial serine transporter in one-carbon metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Kory
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 455 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Biology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Gregory A Wyant
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 455 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Biology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Gyan Prakash
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 455 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Jelmi Uit de Bos
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 455 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Francesca Bottanelli
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Michael E Pacold
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 455 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Biology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.,Department of Radiation Oncology at NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Sze Ham Chan
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 455 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Caroline A Lewis
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 455 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Tim Wang
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 455 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Biology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Heather R Keys
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 455 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Yang Eric Guo
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 455 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - David M Sabatini
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 455 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA. .,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Biology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
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25
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Melatonin and Docosahexaenoic Acid Decrease Proliferation of PNT1A Prostate Benign Cells via Modulation of Mitochondrial Bioenergetics and ROS Production. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:5080798. [PMID: 30728886 PMCID: PMC6343140 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5080798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer development has been associated with changes in mitochondrial activity and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Melatonin (MLT) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) have properties to modulate both, but their protective role, mainly at early stages of prostate cancer, remains unclear. In this study, the effects of MLT and DHA, combined or not, on PNT1A cells with regard to mitochondria bioenergetics, ROS production, and proliferation-related pathways were examined. Based on dose response and lipid accumulation assays, DHA at 100 μM and MLT at 1 μM for 48 h were chosen. DHA doubled and MLT reduced (40%) superoxide anion production, but coincubation (DM) did not normalize to control. Hydrogen peroxide production decreased after MLT incubation only (p < 0.01). These alterations affected the area and perimeter of mitochondria, since DHA increased whereas MLT decreased, but such hormone has no effect on coincubation. DHA isolated did not change the oxidative phosphorylation rate (OXPHOS), but decreased (p < 0.001) the mitochondrial bioenergetic reserve capacity (MBRC) which is closely related to cell responsiveness to stress conditions. MLT, regardless of DHA, ameliorated OXPHOS and recovered MBRC after coincubation. All incubations decreased AKT phosphorylation; however, only MLT alone inhibited p-mTOR. MLT increased p-ERK1/2 and, when combined to DHA, increased GSTP1 expression (p < 0.01). DHA did not change the testosterone levels in the medium, whereas MLT alone or coincubated decreased by about 20%; however, any incubation affected AR expression. Moreover, incubation with luzindole revealed that MLT effects were MTR1/2-independent. In conclusion, DHA increased ROS production and impaired mitochondrial function which was probably related to AKT inactivation; MLT improved OXPHOS and decreased ROS which was related to AKT/mTOR dephosphorylation, and when coincubated, the antiproliferative action was related to mitochondrial bioenergetic modulation associated to AKT and ERK1/2 regulation. Together, these findings point to the potential application of DHA and MLT towards the prevention of proliferative prostate diseases.
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26
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Akinboye ES, Brennen WN, Denmeade SR, Isaacs JT. Albumin-linked prostate-specific antigen-activated thapsigargin- and niclosamide-based molecular grenades targeting the microenvironment in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Asian J Urol 2018; 6:99-108. [PMID: 30775253 PMCID: PMC6363604 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajur.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Localized prostate cancer is curable via annihilation of the entire cancer neighborhood by surgery or local radiation. Unfortunately, once metastatic, no available therapy is curative. The vast majority will die despite aggressive systemic combinational androgen-ablation therapies. Thus, there is an urgent need for effective systemic therapeutics that sterilize the entire microenvironment in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). To accomplish this goal, advantage can be taken of the unique biology of mCRPC cells. Like their normal cell of origin, mCRPCs retain expression of the prostate-specific differentiation protein, prostate-specific antigen (PSA), which they abundantly secrete into their extracellular fluid (ECF). This unique, and essentially universal, secretion of enzymatically active PSA into the ECF by mCRPCs creates an exploitable therapeutic index for activation of systemically delivered highly lipophilic toxins as “molecular grenades” covalently linked to cysteine-34 of human serum albumin (HSA) via a stable maleimide containing PSA cleavable peptide such that PSA-dependent hydrolysis (i.e., “detonation”) releases the grenades restrictively within the ECF of mCRPC. This approach decreases dose-limiting host toxicity while enhancing plasma half-life from minutes to days (i.e., pharmacokinetic effect) and increasing the tissue concentration of the maleimide coupled albumin delivery (MAD) in the ECF at sites of cancer due to the enhanced permeability of albumin at these sites (i.e., enhanced permeability and retention effect). This allows the MAD-PSA detonated grenades to circulate throughout the body in a non-toxic form. Only within sites of mCRPC is there a sufficiently high level of enzymatically active PSA to efficiently “pull the pin” on the grenades releasing their lipophilic cell-penetrant toxins from HSA. Thus, if a sufficient level of “detonation” occurs, this will kill mCRPC cells, and sterilize the entire PSA-rich metastatic sites via a bystander effect. In this review, two examples of such MAD-PSA detonated molecular grenades are presented—one based upon thapsigagin and the other on niclosamide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel S Akinboye
- Department of Oncology, Prostate Cancer Program, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - W Nathaniel Brennen
- Department of Oncology, Prostate Cancer Program, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Samuel R Denmeade
- Department of Oncology, Prostate Cancer Program, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - John T Isaacs
- Department of Oncology, Prostate Cancer Program, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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27
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Friedemann M, Nacke B, Hagelgans A, Jandeck C, Bechmann N, Ullrich M, Belter B, Neuber C, Sukocheva O, Pietzsch J, Menschikowski M. Diverse effects of phospholipase A2 receptor expression on LNCaP and PC-3 prostate cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo. Oncotarget 2018; 9:35983-35996. [PMID: 30542512 PMCID: PMC6267604 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Physiological and pathophysiological functions of the phospholipase A2 receptor 1 (PLA2R1) are still not completely understood. To elucidate PLA2R1’s function in prostate carcinoma, the receptor was ectopically overexpressed in LNCaP with silenced PLA2R1, and diminished in PC-3 cells with constitutively increased PLA2R1 expression relative to normal prostate epithelial cells. LNCaP cells were transfected to overexpress PLA2R1 (LNCaP-PLA2R1) and compared to control vector transfected cells (LNCaP-Ctrl). Alternatively, a CRISPR/Cas9-knockdown of PLA2R1 was achieved in PC-3 cells (PC-3 KD) and compared to the corresponding control-transfected cells (PC-3 Ctrl). The impact of PLA2R1 expression on proliferative and metastatic parameters was analysed in vitro. A pilot in vivo study addressed the effects of PLA2R1 in mice xenografted with transfected LNCaP and PC-3 cells. Cell viability/proliferation and motility were significantly increased in LNCaP-PLA2R1 and PC-3 Ctrl compared to LNCaP-Ctrl and PC-3 KD cells, respectively. However, levels of apoptosis, clonogenicity and cell invasion were reduced in LNCaP-PLA2R1 and PC-3 Ctrl cells. Gene expression analysis revealed an up-regulation of fibronectin 1 (FN1), TWIST homolog 1 (TWIST1), and cyclin-dependent kinase 6 (CDK6) in LNCaP-PLA2R1. In LNCaP xenografts, PLA2R1-dependent regulation of clonogenicity appeared to outweigh the receptor’s pro-oncogenic properties, resulting in decreased tumour growth, supporting the tumour-suppressive role of PLA2R1. Alternatively, PC-3 Ctrl xenografts exhibited faster tumour growth compared to PC-3 KD cells, suggesting a pro-oncogenic effect of endogenous PLA2R1 expression. The differential growth-regulatory effects of PLA2R1 may be mediated by FN1, TWIST1, and CDK6 expression, although further investigation is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Friedemann
- Technische Universität Dresden, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital Dresden, Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Brit Nacke
- Technische Universität Dresden, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital Dresden, Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Albert Hagelgans
- Technische Universität Dresden, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital Dresden, Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Carsten Jandeck
- Technische Universität Dresden, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital Dresden, Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Nicole Bechmann
- Technische Universität Dresden, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital Dresden, Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Ullrich
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Birgit Belter
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Christin Neuber
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Olga Sukocheva
- School of Health Sciences, Flinders University of South Australia, Bedford Park 5042, Australia
| | - Jens Pietzsch
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, 01328 Dresden, Germany.,Technische Universität Dresden, School of Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Mario Menschikowski
- Technische Universität Dresden, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital Dresden, Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, 01307 Dresden, Germany
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28
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Anderson SH, Glassner MJ, Melnikov A, Friedman G, Orynbayeva Z. Respirometric reserve capacity of cumulus cell mitochondria correlates with oocyte maturity. J Assist Reprod Genet 2018; 35:1821-1830. [PMID: 30094760 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-018-1271-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Oocyte competence is critical in success of assisted reproduction. Metabolic signaling between oocyte and cumulus cells within the cumulus-oocyte complex procure oocyte development. This study evaluated the relationship between respirometric activity of cumulus cells and maturity of corresponding oocytes. METHODS In prospective cohort study, 20 women of age 28-42 undergoing IVF procedure were involved. To evaluate oocyte maturity, the cumulus cells from individual oocytes were assessed flow cytometrically by double labeling of cells with mitochondria specific dyes. The respirometric stress analysis using ATPase inhibitor oligomycin was applied to assess mitochondria metabolic abnormalities. RESULTS The cumulus cells from each of 327 oocytes were analyzed. The respirometric index of cumulus cells (O'R) strongly correlates with maternal ovarian reserve, showing to be higher in patients with higher AMH (p < 0.0017). Cumulus cells from immature oocytes had severe mitochondria deficiency, i.e., low O'R, than those from mature oocytes (p < 0.02). No significant difference in respirometric capacity was found between cumulus cells associated with good vs poor-quality embryos. CONCLUSIONS The oocyte maturity is potentially related to the mitochondria activity of cumulus cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon H Anderson
- Main Line Fertility Center, 825 Old Lancaster Road, Suite 170, Bryn Mawr, PA, 19101, USA. .,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Michael J Glassner
- Main Line Fertility Center, 825 Old Lancaster Road, Suite 170, Bryn Mawr, PA, 19101, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Gary Friedman
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Zulfiya Orynbayeva
- Department of Surgery, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 N 15th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA.
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29
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Gao Y, Li B, Singhal R, Fontecchio A, Pelleg B, Orynbayeva Z, Gogotsi Y, Friedman G. Perfusion double-channel micropipette probes for oxygen flux mapping with single-cell resolution. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 9:850-860. [PMID: 29600146 PMCID: PMC5852649 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.9.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Measuring cellular respiration with single-cell spatial resolution is a significant challenge, even with modern tools and techniques. Here, a double-channel micropipette is proposed and investigated as a probe to achieve this goal by sampling fluid near the point of interest. A finite element model (FEM) of this perfusion probe is validated by comparing simulation results with experimental results of hydrodynamically confined fluorescent molecule diffusion. The FEM is then used to investigate the dependence of the oxygen concentration variation and the measurement signal on system parameters, including the pipette's shape, perfusion velocity, position of the oxygen sensors within the pipette, and proximity of the pipette to the substrate. The work demonstrates that the use of perfusion double-barrel micropipette probes enables the detection of oxygen consumption signals with micrometer spatial resolution, while amplifying the signal, as compared to sensors without the perfusion system. In certain flow velocity ranges (depending on pipette geometry and configuration), the perfusion flow increases oxygen concentration gradients formed due to cellular oxygen consumption. An optimal perfusion velocity for respiratory measurements on single cells can be determined for different system parameters (e.g., proximity of the pipette to the substrate). The optimum perfusion velocities calculated in this paper range from 1.9 to 12.5 μm/s. Finally, the FEM model is used to show that the spatial resolution of the probe may be varied by adjusting the pipette tip diameter, which may allow oxygen consumption mapping of cells within tissue, as well as individual cells at subcellular resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Gao
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Riju Singhal
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Adam Fontecchio
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ben Pelleg
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Zulfiya Orynbayeva
- Department of Surgery, Drexel University, 245 N. 15th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA
| | - Yury Gogotsi
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Gary Friedman
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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30
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Santio NM, Landor SKJ, Vahtera L, Ylä-Pelto J, Paloniemi E, Imanishi SY, Corthals G, Varjosalo M, Manoharan GB, Uri A, Lendahl U, Sahlgren C, Koskinen PJ. Phosphorylation of Notch1 by Pim kinases promotes oncogenic signaling in breast and prostate cancer cells. Oncotarget 2017; 7:43220-43238. [PMID: 27281612 PMCID: PMC5190019 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumorigenesis is a multistep process involving co-operation between several deregulated oncoproteins. In this study, we unravel previously unrecognized interactions and crosstalk between Pim kinases and the Notch signaling pathway, with implications for both breast and prostate cancer. We identify Notch1 and Notch3, but not Notch2, as novel Pim substrates and demonstrate that for Notch1, the serine residue 2152 is phosphorylated by all three Pim family kinases. This target site is located in the second nuclear localization sequence (NLS) of the Notch1 intracellular domain (N1ICD), and is shown to be important for both nuclear localization and transcriptional activity of N1ICD. Phosphorylation-dependent stimulation of Notch1 signaling promotes migration of prostate cancer cells, balances glucose metabolism in breast cancer cells, and supports in vivo growth of both types of cancer cells on chick embryo chorioallantoic membranes. Furthermore, Pim-induced growth of orthotopic prostate xenografts in mice is associated with enhanced nuclear Notch1 activity. Finally, simultaneous inhibition of Pim and Notch abrogates the cellular responses more efficiently than individual treatments, opening up new vistas for combinatorial cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niina M Santio
- Section of Genetics and Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Drug Research Doctoral Programme, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Sebastian K-J Landor
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.,Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Laura Vahtera
- Section of Genetics and Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Jani Ylä-Pelto
- Section of Genetics and Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Drug Research Doctoral Programme, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Susumu Y Imanishi
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.,Current address: Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Garry Corthals
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.,Current address: Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Markku Varjosalo
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Asko Uri
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Urban Lendahl
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Sahlgren
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Päivi J Koskinen
- Section of Genetics and Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Mitochondrial oncobioenergetic index: A potential biomarker to predict progression from indolent to aggressive prostate cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 6:43065-80. [PMID: 26515588 PMCID: PMC4767491 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial function is influenced by alterations in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes and changes in the microenvironment occurring during tumorigenesis. Therefore, we hypothesized that mitochondrial function will be stably and dynamically altered at each stage of the prostate tumor development. We tested this hypothesis in RWPE-1 cells and its tumorigenic clones with progressive malignant characteristics (RWPE-1 < WPE-NA22 < WPE-NB14 < WPE-NB11 < WPE-NB26) using high-throughput respirometry. Our studies demonstrate that mitochondrial content do not change with increasing malignancy. In premalignant cells (WPE-NA22 and WPE-NB14), OXPHOS is elevated in presence of glucose or glutamine alone or in combination compared to RWPE-1 cells and decreases with increasing malignancy. Glutamine maintained higher OXPHOS than glucose and suggests that it may be an important substrate for the growth and proliferation of prostate epithelial cells. Glycolysis significantly increases with malignancy and follow a classical Warburg phenomenon. Fatty acid oxidation (FAO) is significantly lower in tumorigenic clones and invasive WPE-NB26 does not utilize FAO at all. In this paper, we introduce for the first time the mitochondrial oncobioenergetic index (MOBI), a mathematical representation of oncobioenergetic profile of a cancer cell, which increases significantly upon transformation into localized premalignant form and rapidly falls below the normal as they become aggressive in prostate tumorigenesis. We have validated this in five prostate cancer cell lines and MOBI appears to be not related to androgen dependence or mitochondrial content, but rather dependent on the stage of the cancer. Altogether, we propose that MOBI could be a potential biomarker to distinguish aggressive cancer from that of indolent disease.
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Mitochondria-Mediated Anticancer Effects of Non-Thermal Atmospheric Plasma. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156818. [PMID: 27270230 PMCID: PMC4894638 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma has attracted great interest due to its multiple potential biomedical applications with cancer treatment being among the most urgent. To realize the clinical potential of non-thermal plasma, the exact cellular and molecular mechanisms of plasma effects must be understood. This work aimed at studying the prostate cancer specific mechanisms of non-thermal plasma effects on energy metabolism as a central regulator of cell homeostasis and proliferation. It was found that cancer cells with higher metabolic rate initially are more resistant to plasma treated phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) since the respiratory and calcium sensitive signaling systems were not responsive to plasma exposure. However, dramatic decline of cancer oxidative phosphorylation developed over time resulted in significant progression of cell lethality. The normal prostate cells with low metabolic activity immediately responded to plasma treated PBS by suppression of respiratory functions and sustained elevation of cytosolic calcium. However, over time the normal cells start recovering their mitochondria functions, proliferate and restore the cell population. We found that the non-thermal plasma induced increase in intracellular ROS is of primarily non-mitochondrial origin. The discriminate non-thermal plasma effects hold a promise for clinical cancer intervention.
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Schöpf B, Schäfer G, Weber A, Talasz H, Eder IE, Klocker H, Gnaiger E. Oxidative phosphorylation and mitochondrial function differ between human prostate tissue and cultured cells. FEBS J 2016; 283:2181-96. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.13733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Revised: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Schöpf
- Division of Genetic Epidemiology Department of Medical Genetics Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Medical University of Innsbruck Austria
| | - Georg Schäfer
- Division of Experimental Urology Department of Urology Medical University of Innsbruck Austria
- Department of Pathology Medical University of Innsbruck Austria
| | - Anja Weber
- Division of Experimental Urology Department of Urology Medical University of Innsbruck Austria
| | - Heribert Talasz
- Biocenter Section for Clinical Biochemistry Medical University of Innsbruck Austria
| | - Iris E. Eder
- Division of Experimental Urology Department of Urology Medical University of Innsbruck Austria
| | - Helmut Klocker
- Division of Experimental Urology Department of Urology Medical University of Innsbruck Austria
| | - Erich Gnaiger
- Department of General and Transplant Surgery D. Swarovski Research Laboratory Medical University of Innsbruck Austria
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Zaichick V, Zaichick S, Rossmann M. Intracellular calcium excess as one of the main factors in the etiology of prostate cancer. AIMS MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.3934/molsci.2016.4.635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
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35
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Comparison of three methods for mitochondria isolation from the human liver cell line (HepG2). GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY FROM BED TO BENCH 2016; 9:105-13. [PMID: 27099670 PMCID: PMC4833849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare three available methods for mitochondrial isolation from a human cell line to predict the best method for each probable application. BACKGROUND Organelle isolation is gaining importance in experimental laboratory settings. Mitochondrial dysfunction may affect tumorgenesis process. There are some evidences that transplantation of healthy, intact and active mitochondria into cells containing defective mitochondria may reduce the proliferation. Therefore, isolated mitochondria could be considered as an effective tool for assessment and management of mitochondrial related disorders. PATIENTS AND METHODS Mitochondrial isolation from the human liver cell line (HepG2) was performed using two commercially available kits, including Qproteome (Qiagen) and MITOISO2 (Sigma-Aldrich), as well as a manual method. Integrity of inner membrane of mitochondria was assessed by JC-1 staining. Activity of isolated mitochondria was evaluated by DCFH-DA staining, and total yield of isolated mitochondria determined by micro-Lowry method. Finally, relative quantification using Real-time PCR was conducted to compare the mtDNA copy number of mitochondria isolated by three different methods. RESULTS Compared to other methods, manual kit resulted in higher yields of total amount of mitochondrial protein and mtDNA copy numbers. Isolated mitochondria by Qproteome kit, showed a higher activity. Finally, the integrity of inner-membrane of isolated mitochondria was significantly higher in Qproteome when compared with the other two methods. CONCLUSION Due to differences in quality, quantity and activity of isolated mitochondria using three techniques discussed here, the method in which best-suited to each research project should be selected according to the distinct features of isolated mitochondria.
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36
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Urra FA, Córdova-Delgado M, Lapier M, Orellana-Manzano A, Acevedo-Arévalo L, Pessoa-Mahana H, González-Vivanco JM, Martínez-Cifuentes M, Ramírez-Rodríguez O, Millas-Vargas JP, Weiss-López B, Pavani M, Ferreira J, Araya-Maturana R. Small structural changes on a hydroquinone scaffold determine the complex I inhibition or uncoupling of tumoral oxidative phosphorylation. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2015; 291:46-57. [PMID: 26712467 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2015.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Revised: 12/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria participate in several distinctiveness of cancer cell, being a promising target for the design of anti-cancer compounds. Previously, we described that ortho-carbonyl hydroquinone scaffold 14 inhibits the complex I-dependent respiration with selective anti-proliferative effect on mouse mammary adenocarcinoma TA3/Ha cancer cells; however, the structural requirements of this hydroquinone scaffold to affect the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) of cancer cells have not been studied in detail. Here, we characterize the mitochondrial metabolism of TA3/Ha cancer cells, which exhibit a high oxidative metabolism, and evaluate the effect of small structural changes of the hydroquinone scaffold 14 on the respiration of this cell line. Our results indicate that these structural changes modify the effect on OXPHOS, obtaining compounds with three alternative actions: inhibitors of complex I-dependent respiration, uncoupler of OXPHOS and compounds with both actions. To confirm this, the effect of a bicyclic hydroquinone (9) was evaluated in isolated mitochondria. Hydroquinone 9 increased mitochondrial respiration in state 4o without effects on the ADP-stimulated respiration (state 3ADP), decreasing the complexes I and II-dependent respiratory control ratio. The effect on mitochondrial respiration was reversed by 6-ketocholestanol addition, indicating that this hydroquinone is a protonophoric uncoupling agent. In intact TA3/Ha cells, hydroquinone 9 caused mitochondrial depolarization, decreasing intracellular ATP and NAD(P)H levels and GSH/GSSG ratio, and slightly increasing the ROS levels. Moreover, it exhibited selective NAD(P)H availability-dependent anti-proliferative effect on cancer cells. Therefore, our results indicate that the ortho-carbonyl hydroquinone scaffold offers the possibility to design compounds with specific actions on OXPHOS of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Félix A Urra
- Programa de Farmacología Molecular y Clínica, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Independencia 1027, Casilla 7, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Miguel Córdova-Delgado
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Físico-Química, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 233, Santiago 1, Chile
| | - Michel Lapier
- Programa de Farmacología Molecular y Clínica, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Independencia 1027, Casilla 7, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrea Orellana-Manzano
- Programa de Farmacología Molecular y Clínica, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Independencia 1027, Casilla 7, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis Acevedo-Arévalo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Físico-Química, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 233, Santiago 1, Chile
| | - Hernán Pessoa-Mahana
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Físico-Química, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 233, Santiago 1, Chile
| | - Jaime M González-Vivanco
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Físico-Química, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 233, Santiago 1, Chile
| | | | - Oney Ramírez-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Físico-Química, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 233, Santiago 1, Chile
| | - Juan Pablo Millas-Vargas
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Físico-Química, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 233, Santiago 1, Chile
| | - Boris Weiss-López
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 653, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mario Pavani
- Programa de Farmacología Molecular y Clínica, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Independencia 1027, Casilla 7, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jorge Ferreira
- Programa de Farmacología Molecular y Clínica, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Independencia 1027, Casilla 7, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Ramiro Araya-Maturana
- Instituto de Química de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Talca, Casilla 747, Talca, Chile.
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Balvan J, Gumulec J, Raudenska M, Krizova A, Stepka P, Babula P, Kizek R, Adam V, Masarik M. Oxidative Stress Resistance in Metastatic Prostate Cancer: Renewal by Self-Eating. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0145016. [PMID: 26671576 PMCID: PMC4679176 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistant cancer phenotype is a key obstacle in the successful therapy of prostate cancer. The primary aim of our study was to explore resistance mechanisms in the advanced type of prostate cancer cells (PC-3) and to clarify the role of autophagy in these processes. We performed time-lapse experiment (48 hours) with ROS generating plumbagin by using multimodal holographic microscope. Furthermore, we also performed the flow-cytometric analysis and the qRT-PCR gene expression analysis at 12 selected time points. TEM and confocal microscopy were used to verify the results. We found out that autophagy (namely mitophagy) is an important resistance mechanism. The major ROS producing mitochondria were coated by an autophagic membrane derived from endoplasmic reticulum and degraded. According to our results, increasing ROS resistance may be also accompanied by increased average cell size and polyploidization, which seems to be key resistance mechanism when connected with an escape from senescence. Many different types of cell-cell interactions were recorded including entosis, vesicular transfer, eating of dead or dying cells, and engulfment and cannibalism of living cells. Entosis was disclosed as a possible mechanism of polyploidization and enabled the long-term survival of cancer cells. Significantly reduced cell motility was found after the plumbagin treatment. We also found an extensive induction of pluripotency genes expression (NANOG, SOX2, and POU5F1) at the time-point of 20 hours. We suppose, that overexpression of pluripotency genes in the portion of prostate tumour cell population exposed to ROS leads to higher developmental plasticity and capability to faster respond to changes in the extracellular environment that could ultimately lead to an alteration of cell fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Balvan
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University / Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, CZ-616 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jaromir Gumulec
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University / Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, CZ-616 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Raudenska
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University / Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, CZ-616 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Aneta Krizova
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, CZ-616 00, Brno, Czech Republic
- TESCAN Brno, s.r.o., Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Stepka
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University / Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Babula
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University / Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Rene Kizek
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, CZ-616 00, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno / Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtech Adam
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, CZ-616 00, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno / Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Masarik
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University / Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
- * E-mail:
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Wang R, MoYung KC, Zhang MH, Poon K. UCP2- and non-UCP2-mediated electric current in eukaryotic cells exhibits different properties. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:19618-19631. [PMID: 26276275 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5155-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Using live eukaryotic cells, including cancer cells, MCF-7 and HCT-116, normal hepatocytes and red blood cells in anode and potassium ferricyanide in cathode of MFC could generate bio-based electric current. Electrons and protons generated from the metabolic reaction in both cytosol and mitochondria contributing to the leaking would mediate the generation of electric current. Both resveratrol (RVT) and 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP) used to induce proton leak in mitochondria were found to promote electric current production in all cells except red blood cells without mitochondria. Proton leak might be important for electric current production by bringing the charge balance in cells to enhance the further electron leak. The induced electric current by RVT can be blocked by Genipin, an inhibitor of UCP2-mediated proton leak, while that induced by DNP cannot. RVT could reduce reactive oxygen species (ROS) level in cells better than that of DNP. In addition, RVT increased mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), while DNP decreased it. Results highly suggested the existence of at least two types of electric current that showed different properties. They included UCP2-mediated and non-UCP2-mediated electric current. UCP2-mediated electric current exhibited higher reactive oxygen species (ROS) reduction effect per unit electric current production than that of non-UCP2-mediated electric current. Higher UCP2-mediated electric current observed in cancer cells might contribute to the mechanism of drug resistence. Correlation could not be established between electric current production with either ROS and MMP without distinguishing the types of electric current.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruihua Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital South Campus, 6600 Nanfeng Road, Fengxian District, Shanghai, China, 201499.
| | - K C MoYung
- Program of Food Science and Technology, Division of Science and Technology, BNU-HKBU United International College, 28 Jinfeng Road, Tangjiawan, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China, 519085.
| | - M H Zhang
- Program of Food Science and Technology, Division of Science and Technology, BNU-HKBU United International College, 28 Jinfeng Road, Tangjiawan, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China, 519085
| | - Karen Poon
- Program of Food Science and Technology, Division of Science and Technology, BNU-HKBU United International College, 28 Jinfeng Road, Tangjiawan, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China, 519085.
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3-Bromopyruvate induces rapid human prostate cancer cell death by affecting cell energy metabolism, GSH pool and the glyoxalase system. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2015; 47:493-506. [PMID: 26530987 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-015-9631-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
3-bromopyruvate (3-BP) is an anti-tumour drug effective on hepatocellular carcinoma and other tumour cell types, which affects both glycolytic and mitochondrial targets, depleting cellular ATP pool. Here we tested 3-BP on human prostate cancer cells showing, differently from other tumour types, efficient ATP production and functional mitochondrial metabolism. We found that 3-BP rapidly induced cultured androgen-insensitive (PC-3) and androgen-responsive (LNCaP) prostate cancer cell death at low concentrations (IC(50) values of 50 and 70 μM, respectively) with a multimodal mechanism of action. In particular, 3-BP-treated PC-3 cells showed a selective, strong reduction of glyceraldeide 3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity, due to the direct interaction of the drug with the enzyme. Moreover, 3-BP strongly impaired both glutamate/malate- and succinate-dependent mitochondrial respiration, membrane potential generation and ATP synthesis, concomitant with the inhibition of respiratory chain complex I, II and ATP synthase activities. The drastic reduction of cellular ATP levels and depletion of GSH pool, associated with significant increase in cell oxidative stress, were found after 3-BP treatment of PC-3 cells. Interestingly, the activity of both glyoxalase I and II, devoted to the elimination of the cytotoxic methylglyoxal, was strongly inhibited by 3-BP. Both N-acetylcysteine and aminoguanidine, GSH precursor and methylglyoxal scavenger, respectively, prevented 3-BP-induced PC-3 cell death, showing that impaired cell antioxidant and detoxifying capacities are crucial events leading to cell death. The provided information on the multi-target cytotoxic action of 3-BP, finally leading to PC-3 cell necrosis, might be useful for future development of 3-BP as a therapeutic option for prostate cancer treatment.
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40
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Zhunussova A, Sen B, Friedman L, Tuleukhanov S, Brooks AD, Sensenig R, Orynbayeva Z. Tumor microenvironment promotes dicarboxylic acid carrier-mediated transport of succinate to fuel prostate cancer mitochondria. Am J Cancer Res 2015; 5:1665-1679. [PMID: 26175936 PMCID: PMC4497434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer cells reprogram their metabolism, so that they support their elevated oxidative phosphorylation and promote a cancer friendly microenvironment. This work aimed to explore the mechanisms that cancer cells employ for fueling themselves with energy rich metabolites available in interstitial fluids. The mitochondria oxidative phosphorylation in metastatic prostate cancer DU145 cells and normal prostate epithelial PrEC cells were studied by high-resolution respirometry. An important finding was that prostate cancer cells at acidic pH 6.8 are capable of consuming exogenous succinate, while physiological pH 7.4 was not favorable for this process. Using specific inhibitors, it was demonstrated that succinate is transported in cancer cells by the mechanism of plasma membrane Na(+)-dependent dycarboxylic acid transporter NaDC3 (SLC13A3 gene). Although the level of expression of SLC13A3 was not significantly altered when maintaining cells in the medium with lower pH, the respirometric activity of cells under acidic condition was elevated in the presence of succinate. In contrast, normal prostate cells while expressing NaDC3 mRNA do not produce NaDC3 protein. The mechanism of succinate influx via NaDC3 in metastatic prostate cancer cells could yield a novel target for anti-cancer therapy and has the potential to be used for imaging-based diagnostics to detect non-glycolytic tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aigul Zhunussova
- Department of Surgery, Drexel University College of MedicinePhiladelphia, PA, USA
- Al-Farabi Kazakh National UniversityAlmaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Bhaswati Sen
- Department of Surgery, Drexel University College of MedicinePhiladelphia, PA, USA
| | - Leah Friedman
- Department of Surgery, Drexel University College of MedicinePhiladelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Ari D Brooks
- Department of Surgery, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia, PA, USA
| | - Richard Sensenig
- Department of Surgery, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia, PA, USA
| | - Zulfiya Orynbayeva
- Department of Surgery, Drexel University College of MedicinePhiladelphia, PA, USA
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41
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Fatty acids in energy metabolism of the central nervous system. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:472459. [PMID: 24883315 PMCID: PMC4026875 DOI: 10.1155/2014/472459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2014] [Revised: 03/29/2014] [Accepted: 03/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In this review, we analyze the current hypotheses regarding energy metabolism in the neurons and astroglia. Recently, it was shown that up to 20% of the total brain's energy is provided by mitochondrial oxidation of fatty acids. However, the existing hypotheses consider glucose, or its derivative lactate, as the only main energy substrate for the brain. Astroglia metabolically supports the neurons by providing lactate as a substrate for neuronal mitochondria. In addition, a significant amount of neuromediators, glutamate and GABA, is transported into neurons and also serves as substrates for mitochondria. Thus, neuronal mitochondria may simultaneously oxidize several substrates. Astrocytes have to replenish the pool of neuromediators by synthesis de novo, which requires large amounts of energy. In this review, we made an attempt to reconcile β-oxidation of fatty acids by astrocytic mitochondria with the existing hypothesis on regulation of aerobic glycolysis. We suggest that, under condition of neuronal excitation, both metabolic pathways may exist simultaneously. We provide experimental evidence that isolated neuronal mitochondria may oxidize palmitoyl carnitine in the presence of other mitochondrial substrates. We also suggest that variations in the brain mitochondrial metabolic phenotype may be associated with different mtDNA haplogroups.
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Moreno-Sánchez R, Marín-Hernández A, Saavedra E, Pardo JP, Ralph SJ, Rodríguez-Enríquez S. Who controls the ATP supply in cancer cells? Biochemistry lessons to understand cancer energy metabolism. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2014; 50:10-23. [PMID: 24513530 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2014.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Revised: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Applying basic biochemical principles, this review analyzes data that contrasts with the Warburg hypothesis that glycolysis is the exclusive ATP provider in cancer cells. Although disregarded for many years, there is increasing experimental evidence demonstrating that oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) makes a significant contribution to ATP supply in many cancer cell types and under a variety of conditions. Substrates oxidized by normal mitochondria such as amino acids and fatty acids are also avidly consumed by cancer cells. In this regard, the proposal that cancer cells metabolize glutamine for anabolic purposes without the need for a functional respiratory chain and OxPhos is analyzed considering thermodynamic and kinetic aspects for the reductive carboxylation of 2-oxoglutarate catalyzed by isocitrate dehydrogenase. In addition, metabolic control analysis (MCA) studies applied to energy metabolism of cancer cells are reevaluated. Regardless of the experimental/environmental conditions and the rate of lactate production, the flux-control of cancer glycolysis is robust in the sense that it involves the same steps: glucose transport, hexokinase, hexosephosphate isomerase and glycogen degradation, all at the beginning of the pathway; these steps together with phosphofructokinase 1 also control glycolysis in normal cells. The respiratory chain complexes exert significantly higher flux-control on OxPhos in cancer cells than in normal cells. Thus, determination of the contribution of each pathway to ATP supply and/or the flux-control distribution of both pathways in cancer cells is necessary in order to identify differences from normal cells which may lead to the design of rational alternative therapies that selectively target cancer energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Moreno-Sánchez
- Instituto Nacional de Cardiología, Departamento de Bioquímica, Tlalpan, México D.F., Mexico.
| | - Alvaro Marín-Hernández
- Instituto Nacional de Cardiología, Departamento de Bioquímica, Tlalpan, México D.F., Mexico
| | - Emma Saavedra
- Instituto Nacional de Cardiología, Departamento de Bioquímica, Tlalpan, México D.F., Mexico
| | - Juan P Pardo
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Bioquímica, México D.F., Mexico
| | - Stephen J Ralph
- School of Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Qld, Australia
| | - Sara Rodríguez-Enríquez
- Instituto Nacional de Cardiología, Departamento de Bioquímica, Tlalpan, México D.F., Mexico; Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Laboratorio de Medicina Translacional, Tlalpan, México D.F., Mexico
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