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Grmasha RA, Stenger-Kovács C, Al-Sareji OJ, Al-Juboori RA, Meiczinger M, Andredaki M, Idowu IA, Majdi HS, Hashim K, Al-Ansari N. Temporal and spatial distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the Danube River in Hungary. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8318. [PMID: 38594356 PMCID: PMC11004153 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58793-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The Danube is a significant transboundary river on a global scale, with several tributaries. The effluents from industrial operations and wastewater treatment plants have an impact on the river's aquatic ecosystem. These discharges provide a significant threat to aquatic life by deteriorating the quality of water and sediment. Hence, a total of 16 Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) compounds were analyzed at six locations along the river, covering a period of 12 months. The objective was to explore the temporal and spatial fluctuations of these chemicals in both water and sediment. The study revealed a significant fluctuation in the concentration of PAHs in water throughout the year, with levels ranging from 224.8 ng/L during the summer to 365.8 ng/L during the winter. Similarly, the concentration of PAHs in sediment samples varied from 316.7 ng/g in dry weight during the summer to 422.9 ng/g in dry weight during the winter. According to the Europe Drinking Water Directive, the levels of PAHs exceeded the permitted limit of 100 ng/L, resulting in a 124.8% rise in summer and a 265.8% increase in winter. The results suggest that the potential human-caused sources of PAHs were mostly derived from pyrolytic and pyrogenic processes, with pyrogenic sources being more dominant. Assessment of sediment quality standards (SQGs) showed that the levels of PAHs in sediments were below the Effect Range Low (ERL), except for acenaphthylene (Acy) and fluorene (Fl) concentrations. This suggests that there could be occasional biological consequences. The cumulative Individual Lifetime Cancer Risk (ILCR) exceeds 1/104 for both adults and children in all sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruqayah Ali Grmasha
- Limnology Research Group, Center for Natural Science, University of Pannonia, Egyetem Utca 10, 8200, Veszprém, Hungary
- Environmental Research and Studies Center, University of Babylon, Al-Hillah, 51001, Iraq
- Sustainability Solutions Research Lab, Faculty of Engineering, University of Pannonia, Egyetem Str. 10, 8200, Veszprém, Hungary
| | - Csilla Stenger-Kovács
- Limnology Research Group, Center for Natural Science, University of Pannonia, Egyetem Utca 10, 8200, Veszprém, Hungary
- HUN-REN-PE Limnoecology Research Group, Egyetem Utca 10, 8200, Veszprém, Hungary
| | - Osamah J Al-Sareji
- Environmental Research and Studies Center, University of Babylon, Al-Hillah, 51001, Iraq
- Sustainability Solutions Research Lab, Faculty of Engineering, University of Pannonia, Egyetem Str. 10, 8200, Veszprém, Hungary
| | - Raed A Al-Juboori
- NYUAD Water Research Center, New York University-Abu Dhabi Campus, Abu Dhabi, PO Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Water and Environmental Engineering Research Group, Department of Built Environment, Aalto University, Aalto, PO Box 15200, 00076, Espoo, Finland
| | - Mónika Meiczinger
- Sustainability Solutions Research Lab, Faculty of Engineering, University of Pannonia, Egyetem Str. 10, 8200, Veszprém, Hungary
| | - Manolia Andredaki
- School of Civil Engineering and Built Environment, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Ibijoke A Idowu
- School of Civil Engineering and Built Environment, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Hasan Sh Majdi
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Hillah, Iraq
| | - Khalid Hashim
- Environmental Research and Studies Center, University of Babylon, Al-Hillah, 51001, Iraq.
- School of Civil Engineering and Built Environment, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK.
- Dijlah University College, Baghdad, Iraq.
| | - Nadhir Al-Ansari
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Lulea University of Technology, Lulea, Sweden.
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Dos Santos Rodrigues CC, da Silva Messias M, Morales JHA, Damasceno FC, Corrêa JAM. Insights about levels and sources of organic pollution in an urbanized Amazon estuary (Belém, PA, Northern Brazil). ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:731. [PMID: 37231316 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11271-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Amazon aquatic systems have been affected by organic pollution from urbanized regions. This study was conducted to determine the levels, sources, and distribution patterns of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and 6 steroid markers in surficial sediments from an important urbanized Amazon estuarine system (Belém, PA, Northern Brazil). Total PAH concentration (∑PAH) ranged from 878.2 to 9905.7 ng g-1, 3295.2 ng g-1 on average, suggesting a highly contaminated environment. PAH molecular ratios and statistical analysis indicated that PAH originated from a mixture of local sources emissions, mainly related to the combustion of fossil fuels and biomass. Coprostanol levels (maximum concentration = 292.52 ng g-1) could be compared to the mid-range reported in the literature. Studied stations, except for one, presented sterol ratio data indicating organic matter related to untreated sewage. Sterols indicative of sewage contamination showed a correlation with pyrogenic PAH amounts which are transported by the same channels where sewage is discharged.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mariana da Silva Messias
- Federal University of Sergipe, Av. Marechal Rondon, s/n - Jd. Rosa Elze, São Cristóvão, SE, 49100-000, Brazil
| | | | - Flaviana Cardoso Damasceno
- Federal University of Sergipe, Av. Marechal Rondon, s/n - Jd. Rosa Elze, São Cristóvão, SE, 49100-000, Brazil
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Zhang L, Tao Y. Microplastics contributed much less than organic matter to the burial of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by sediments in the past decades: a case study from an urban lake. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2022; 24:2100-2107. [PMID: 36193813 DOI: 10.1039/d2em00309k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The role of microplastics in burying hydrophobic organic compounds remains largely unknown. Sediment cores collected from the center of a typical urban lake (Lake Qianhu) in China were chosen to explore the contribution of microplastics to the burial of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) by sediments, and to elucidate how this contribution changed with microplastic composition and the hydrophobicity of PAHs on a decade scale. Our results showed that the concentration of individual PAHs adsorbed by microplastics varied from detection limit (LOD) to 7.2 mg g-1 MP, which was much higher than the LOD to 31.0 μg g-1 TOC buried by total organic carbon. However, the amount of individual PAHs adsorbed by microplastics only contributed to 0-34.2% of that in sediments. Changes in the composition of microplastics, including the increased proportion of polyethylene and polypropylene : polyethylene polymer in sediments, resulted in the average microplastic sediment burial ratios (MSBRs) of most PAHs increasing by 0.13% to 2.7% in the period from 1997 to 2018 compared with those in the period from 1975 to 1996. The average MSBRs varied with the hydrophobicity of PAHs, which increased with log Kow value if it varied from 3.45 to 5.20, but decreased with log Kow if it was in the range of 5.30 to 6.50. Our study provides novel knowledge on the contribution of microplastics to the burial of PAHs by sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqi Zhang
- College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210024, China.
| | - Yuqiang Tao
- College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210024, China.
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Li X, Lu Y, Shi Y, Wang P, Cao X, Cui H, Zhang M, Du D. Effects of urbanization on the distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in China's estuarine rivers. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 301:119001. [PMID: 35176410 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Estuarine rivers are the primary medium for transporting pollutants from human activities to the ocean. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have substantial toxicity and pose a significant risk to ecosystem and human health. However, the influences of urbanization on their distribution, particularly in China where urbanization is occurring rapidly, remain unclear. This study took three coastal economic circles of China as research areas, and investigated PAHs (16 species) in the estuarine river water. 95.9% of the sampling sites demonstrated moderate PAHs pollution and moderate ecological risk. Coal and petroleum combustion was the primary source of PAHs, but the source composition varied among the regions. Air pollution caused by energy emissions, particularly carbon emissions, has a critical and differential effect on PAHs distribution and deposition. With the increasing use of clean energy, PAHs emissions have been gradually reduced, which provides an effective option for PAHs reduction in a rapidly urbanizing coastal region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yonglong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Fujian, 361102, China.
| | - Yajuan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Pei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Xianghui Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing, 100012, PR China
| | - Haotian Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Di Du
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Beijing, 10019, China
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5
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Liang Y, Wu B, Zhang Y, Liu H. Oxidative stress and EROD activity in Caco-2 cells upon exposure to chlorinated hydrophobic organic compounds from drinking water reservoirs. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 804:150015. [PMID: 34509843 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Our previous studies showed hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs) in the sediments of drinking water reservoirs caused DNA damage in human cells (Caco-2) after chlorination. However, the main mechanisms remained unclear. This study compared oxidative damage and EROD activity in Caco-2 cells upon exposure to chlorinated HOCs, and the role of antioxidants (catalase, vitamin C and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG)) in reducing the toxicities was examined. The result showed that chlorinated HOCs induced a 4-fold increase in production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) compared with HOCs. Antioxidants supplement significantly reduced ROS yields and DNA peroxidation. HOCs with relatively higher TEQbio were greatly reduced (about 98%) after chlorination, indicating dioxin-like toxicity is not the main factor inducing oxidative damage by chlorinated HOCs. Yet, ROS and the associated oxidative damage seem to be more responsible for causing DNA damage in the cells. Antioxidants including catalase, Vitamin C and EGCG showed protective effect against chlorination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liang
- School of Resources and Environment, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China; College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China.
| | - Binbin Wu
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China; Centre for Cardiovascular Genomics and Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK), HKSAR, China
| | - Yanling Zhang
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Hailong Liu
- School of Resources and Environment, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
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Yusuf A, O'Flynn D, White B, Holland L, Parle-McDermott A, Lawler J, McCloughlin T, Harold D, Huerta B, Regan F. Monitoring of emerging contaminants of concern in the aquatic environment: a review of studies showing the application of effect-based measures. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2021; 13:5120-5143. [PMID: 34726207 DOI: 10.1039/d1ay01184g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Water scarcity is increasingly a global cause of concern mainly due to widespread changes in climate conditions and increased consumptive water use driven by the exponential increase in population growth. In addition, increased pollution of fresh water sources due to rising production and consumption of pharmaceuticals and organic chemicals will further exacerbate this concern. Although surface water contamination by individual chemicals is often at very low concentration, pharmaceuticals for instance are designed to be efficacious at low concentrations, creating genuine concern for their presence in freshwater sources. Furthermore, the additive impact of multiple compounds may result in toxic or other biological effects that otherwise will not be induced by individual chemicals. Globally, different legislative frameworks have led to pre-emptive efforts which aim to ensure good water ecological status. Reports detailing the use and types of effect-based measures covering specific bioassay batteries that can identify specific mode of actions of chemical pollutants in the aquatic ecosystem to evaluate the real threat of pollutants to aquatic lives and ultimately human lives have recently emerged from monitoring networks such as the NORMAN network. In this review, we critically evaluate some studies within the last decade that have implemented effect-based monitoring of pharmaceuticals and organic chemicals in aquatic fauna, evaluating the occurrence of different chemical pollutants and the impact of these pollutants on aquatic fauna with special focus on pollutants that are contaminants of emerging concern (CEC) in urban wastewater. A critical discussion on studies that have used effect-based measures to assess biological impact of pharmaceutical/organic compound in the aquatic ecosystem and the endpoints measurements employed is presented. The application of effect-based monitoring of chemicals other than assessment of water quality status is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azeez Yusuf
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Dublin, Ireland.
- Water Institute, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Dylan O'Flynn
- School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Dublin, Ireland
- Water Institute, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Blanaid White
- School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Dublin, Ireland
- Water Institute, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Linda Holland
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Dublin, Ireland.
- Water Institute, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Anne Parle-McDermott
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Dublin, Ireland.
- Water Institute, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jenny Lawler
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Dublin, Ireland.
- Water Institute, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
- Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute (QEERI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Thomas McCloughlin
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Dublin, Ireland.
- Water Institute, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Denise Harold
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Belinda Huerta
- School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Dublin, Ireland
- Water Institute, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Fiona Regan
- School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Dublin, Ireland
- Water Institute, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
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Niu L, Carmona E, König M, Krauss M, Muz M, Xu C, Zou D, Escher BI. Mixture Risk Drivers in Freshwater Sediments and Their Bioavailability Determined Using Passive Equilibrium Sampling. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:13197-13206. [PMID: 32960593 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c05124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The identification of mixture risk drivers is a great challenge for sediment assessment, especially when taking bioavailability into consideration. The bioavailable portion, which comprises the organic contaminants in pore water and the ones bound to organic carbon, was accessed by equilibrium partitioning to polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). The exhaustive solvent and PDMS extracts were toxicologically characterized with a battery of in vitro reporter gene assays and chemically analyzed with liquid and gas chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry. The bioavailable fractions of mixture effects and individual chemicals were mostly lower than 0.1, indicating that more than 90% of the substances are strongly bound and would not pose an immediate risk but could potentially be remobilized in the long term. Despite 655 organic chemicals analyzed, only 0.1-28% of the observed biological effects was explained by the detected compounds in whole sediments, while 0.009-3.3% was explained by bioavailable chemicals. The mixture effects were not only dominated by legacy pollutants (e.g., polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the bioassay for activation of the aryl-hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and oxidative stress response (AREc32)) but also by present-use chemicals (e.g., plastic additives for binding to the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ)), with different fingerprints between whole sediments and bioavailable extracts. Our results highlight the necessity to involve different bioassays with diverse effect profiles and broader selection of contaminants along with bioavailability for the risk assessment of chemical mixtures in sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Niu
- Department of Cell Toxicology, UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig 04318, Germany
| | - Eric Carmona
- Department of Effect Directed Analysis, UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig 04318, Germany
| | - Maria König
- Department of Cell Toxicology, UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig 04318, Germany
| | - Martin Krauss
- Department of Effect Directed Analysis, UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig 04318, Germany
| | - Melis Muz
- Department of Effect Directed Analysis, UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig 04318, Germany
| | - Chao Xu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Deliang Zou
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Beate I Escher
- Department of Cell Toxicology, UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig 04318, Germany
- Center for Applied Geoscience, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Schnarrenbergstr. 94-96, Tübingen 72076, Germany
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Wang P, Mi W, Xie Z, Tang J, Apel C, Joerss H, Ebinghaus R, Zhang Q. Overall comparison and source identification of PAHs in the sediments of European Baltic and North Seas, Chinese Bohai and Yellow Seas. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 737:139535. [PMID: 32526564 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
An international sampling campaign was carried out to comprehensively investigate the occurrence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the marine sediments from the European Baltic and North Seas, Chinese Bohai and Yellow Seas. The concentrations of ∑18PAHs in the samples from these four seas were in the range of 0.91-5361 ng/g dry weight (dw), 0.46-227 ng/g dw, 25.0-308 ng/g dw and 4.3-659 ng/g dw, respectively. 4-rings PAHs, e.g., fluoranthene, pyrene and benzo(b)fluoranthene, were commonly the dominant compounds in all the samples. The PAH sources were identified via composition patterns, diagnostic ratios, principal component analysis (PCA) and positive matrix factorization (PMF). Coal combustion, vehicular emission, coke plant and petroleum residue were apportioned as the main sources in these marine sediments. However, through PMF modeling, different contributions of these sources were quantified to the deposited PAHs in the seas, suggesting distinct anthropogenic impacts on the adjacent marine system. It is note-worthy that biomass combustion may not be the main source of PAHs in the majority of sediments from these seas. This was evidenced by the ratios of naphthalene against its methylated derivatives (i.e. 1-,2-methylnaphthalenes) other than the composition pattern in the samples, of which the approach is in prospect of developing in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health Effects of Persistent Toxic Substances, Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Institute of Coastal Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Geesthacht 21502, Germany
| | - Wenying Mi
- MINJIE Institute of Environmental Science and Health Research, Geesthacht 21502, Germany
| | - Zhiyong Xie
- Institute of Coastal Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Geesthacht 21502, Germany.
| | - Jianhui Tang
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Christina Apel
- Institute of Coastal Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Geesthacht 21502, Germany
| | - Hanna Joerss
- Institute of Coastal Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Geesthacht 21502, Germany
| | - Ralf Ebinghaus
- Institute of Coastal Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Geesthacht 21502, Germany
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health Effects of Persistent Toxic Substances, Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
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Ouellet J, Gembé C, Buchinger S, Reifferscheid G, Hollert H, Brinkmann M. Validation of the micro-EROD assay with H4IIE cells for assessing sediment contamination with dioxin-like chemicals. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 265:114984. [PMID: 32563806 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In vitro bioassays have been used as a bioanalytical means of detecting dioxin-like compounds (DLCs) in environmental matrices and have been suggested as a tool for quantifying DLCs in sediments. The present study evaluated the relationship between bioanalytical results from the micro-7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) bioassay and chemical analytical results in 25 sediment samples collected from rivers across Germany. Sediments were collected, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (DL-PCBs) were extracted from the sediments, biological toxicity equivalent quotients (BEQs) were determined by micro-EROD assay and toxicity equivalent quotients (TEQs) were calculated from chemical analysis. Correlations between BEQs and TEQs were evaluated, and linear regression modeling was performed, excluding 6 samples as validation data, to derive equations for predicting TEQs from BEQs. Validation data was tested to evaluate predictive capabilities of the models. Correlations were observed between BEQ and TEQ for PCDD/Fs (r=0.987), PCBs (r=0.623), measured sum of PCDD/F and PCBs (r = 0.975) and calculated sum of PCDD/F and PCBs (r = 0.971). The modeling equations provided low variances as evaluated by mean absolute error (MAE) (≤10.3 pg/g) and root mean square error (RMSE) (≤15.8 pg/g) indicating that expected TEQs could be reasonably well calculated from BEQs. Predicted TEQs from validation data fell within the 95% probability intervals of the test data and had low variances (MAE≤6.5 pg/g) and (RMSE≤10.7 pg/g). Our results indicate that the micro-EROD bioassay can be used as a screening tool for DLCs in sediment and has the capability to be used as an alternate method to chemical analysis for quantifying dioxin-like potential of sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Ouellet
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology and Environmental Toxicology, Faculty Biological Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Carolin Gembé
- Institute for Environmental Research (Biology V), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Buchinger
- Federal Institute of Hydrology (BFG), Department G3: Biochemistry, Ecotoxicology, Am Mainzer Tor 1, 56068, Koblenz, Germany
| | - Georg Reifferscheid
- Federal Institute of Hydrology (BFG), Department G3: Biochemistry, Ecotoxicology, Am Mainzer Tor 1, 56068, Koblenz, Germany
| | - Henner Hollert
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology and Environmental Toxicology, Faculty Biological Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Markus Brinkmann
- School of Environment and Sustainability (SENS), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada; Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada; Global Institute for Water Security (GIWS), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada; Centre for Hydrology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
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10
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Martínez-Gómez C, Valdehita A, Vethaak AD, Navas JM, León VM. Toxicity characterization of surface sediments from a Mediterranean coastal lagoon. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 253:126710. [PMID: 32464757 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of bioactive compounds and contaminant-associated effects was assessed by means of in vivo and in vitro assays using different extractable fractions of surface sediments from a contaminated coastal lagoon (Mar Menor, SE Spain). Sediment elutriates and clean seawater, previously exposed to whole sediment, were used for assessing the in vivo toxicity on embryo development of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus. Agonist and antagonist activities relating to estrogen and androgen receptors and agonist activities on aryl hydrocarbon receptor (expressed as ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activities) were investigated in sediment extracts by using HER-Luc, AR-EcoScreenTM and fibroblast-like RTG-2 cell lines. Embryotoxicity effects were greater for sediment elutriates than those incubated in sediment-water interphase, implying that diffusion of bioactive chemicals can occur from sediments to sea water column, favoured by sediment disturbance events. In vitro results show the occurrence in extracts of compounds with estrogen antagonism, androgen antagonism and dioxin-like activities. Multidimensional scaling analysis classified the sampling sites into four sub-clusters according to their chemical-physical and biological similarities, relating in vitro bioactivity with the total organic carbon and known organic chemical load, with particular reference to total sum of PAHs, PCB 180, p,p-DDE and terbuthylazine. Overall, results pointed to the presence of unknown or unanalyzed biologically-active compounds in the sediments, mostly associated with the extracted polar fraction of the Mar Menor lagoon sediments. Our findings provide relevant information to be considered for the environmental management of contaminated coastal lagoons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Concepción Martínez-Gómez
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia, Apdo. 22, C/ Varadero 1, 30740, San Pedro del Pinatar, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Ana Valdehita
- INIA - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria Ctra. de A Coruña, km 7.5, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - A Dick Vethaak
- Deltares, Department of Marine and Coastal Systems, P.O. Box 177, 2600, MH, Delft, the Netherlands.
| | - José María Navas
- INIA - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria Ctra. de A Coruña, km 7.5, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Víctor Manuel León
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia, Apdo. 22, C/ Varadero 1, 30740, San Pedro del Pinatar, Murcia, Spain.
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11
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Sousa LC, Rodrigues CCS, Mendes RA, Corrêa JAM. PAH Profiles in Suspended Particulate Matter from an Urbanized River Within the Brazilian Amazon. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2020; 105:86-94. [PMID: 32577782 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-020-02912-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The distribution, seasonal variation and sources of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) from suspended particulate matter (SPM) of the Aurá River, a small amazon typical river located in Northern Brazil, were determined. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of SPM revealed a mixture of PAH from different origins and a seasonal variation of PAH primary source for the studied area. Pyrene was the dominant PAH in both studied periods. Total PAH content (ΣPAH) ranged from lower than quantification limit (< LOQ) to 2498.2 ng g-1 dw during the dry season and < LOQ to 2865.8 ng g-1 dw during the wet season. Low molecular weight PAH (LMW) represented 51% of ΣPAH during the dry season and 29% during the wet season. It was noted, by comparing previous data, that the main source of these compounds was altered after the deactivation of an irregular landfill next to the river.
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Affiliation(s)
- L C Sousa
- Geoscience Institute, Federal University of Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil.
| | - C C S Rodrigues
- Geoscience Institute, Federal University of Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - R A Mendes
- Public Health Researcher at Evandro Chagas Institute, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - J A M Corrêa
- Geoscience Institute, Federal University of Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
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12
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Boulanger E, Barst BD, Alloy MM, Blais S, Houde M, Head JA. Assessment of environmentally contaminated sediment using a contact assay with early life stage zebrafish (Danio rerio). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 659:950-962. [PMID: 31096425 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Lake Saint-Louis, a shallow fluvial lake near the western tip of the island of Montreal, QC, Canada is an important spawning ground for many species of fish. Sediments in certain areas of the lake are known to be contaminated with high levels of metals and legacy organic chemicals. To improve our understanding of risk to native fish populations, we conducted a study evaluating levels of sediment contamination and potential effects on early life stage fish. Concentrations of PAHs, PCBs, PCDDs and PCDFs were several orders of magnitude higher at two industrial sites (B1 and B2) than at a nearby reference site (IP). Concentrations of 32 metals and metalloids were at least 5-fold higher at B1 and B2 than at IP. Moreover, all available interim sediment quality guidelines (ISQGs) were exceeded at the two contaminated sites, while none were exceeded at the reference site. Biological effects were evaluated using a sediment contact assay. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos were exposed to clean water (control), or to sediment from IP, B1, and B2 until 120 h post fertilization (hpf). Mortality was significantly elevated in fish exposed to the B1, but not the B2 sediment. The frequency of deformities increased with increasing contamination, but this trend was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Genes that are implicated in the response to PAHs, PCBs, dioxins and furans (cyp1a, cyp1b1, ahr2) were significantly elevated in the 120 hpf larvae exposed to the B1 and B2 sediments. Global DNA methylation, and mRNA expression of genes related to oxidative stress (maft, cat, hmox1, sod2), embryonic development (bmp2b, baf60c), metal exposure (mt2), and DNA repair (gadd45b) were unaffected. Our results suggest that the Beauharnois sector of Lake Saint-Louis is poor quality spawning habitat due to high levels of contamination, and the potential for harmful effects on early life stage fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Boulanger
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore Road, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Benjamin D Barst
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore Road, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Matthew M Alloy
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore Road, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Simon Blais
- Saint-Lawrence Action Plan, Environmental Protection Operations Directorate, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 1550 Avenue d'Estimauville, Québec, Québec G1J 0C3, Canada
| | - Magali Houde
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Science and Water Technology Directorate, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 105 McGill Street, Montréal, Québec H2Y 2E7, Canada
| | - Jessica A Head
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore Road, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec H9X 3V9, Canada.
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13
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Schönlau C, Larsson M, Lam MM, Engwall M, Giesy JP, Rochman C, Kärrman A. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor-mediated potencies in field-deployed plastics vary by type of polymer. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:9079-9088. [PMID: 30715715 PMCID: PMC6469617 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04281-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Plastic is able to sorb environmental pollutants from ambient water and might act as a vector for these pollutants to marine organisms. The potential toxicological effects of plastic-sorbed pollutants in marine organisms have not been thoroughly assessed. In this study, organic extracts from four types of plastic deployed for 9 or 12 months in San Diego Bay, California, were examined for their potential to activate the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) pathway by use of the H4IIE-luc assay. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), including the 16 priority PAHs, were quantified. The AhR-mediated potency in the deployed plastic samples, calculated as bio-TEQ values, ranged from 2.7 pg/g in polyethylene terephthalate (PET) to 277 pg/g in low-density polyethylene (LDPE). Concentrations of the sum of 24 PAHs in the deployed samples ranged from 4.6 to 1068 ng/g. By use of relative potency factors (REP), a potency balance between the biological effect (bio-TEQs) and the targeted PAHs (chem-TEQs) was calculated to 24-170%. The study reports, for the first time, in vitro AhR-mediated potencies for different deployed plastics, of which LDPE elicited the greatest concentration of bio-TEQs followed by polypropylene (PP), PET, and polyvinylchloride (PVC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Schönlau
- MTM Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.
| | - Maria Larsson
- MTM Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Monika M Lam
- MTM Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Magnus Engwall
- MTM Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - John P Giesy
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences and Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Chelsea Rochman
- University of California, Davis, 1089 Veterinary Medicine Dr, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Anna Kärrman
- MTM Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
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Vogt T, Pieters R, Giesy J, Newman BK. Biological toxicity estimates show involvement of a wider range of toxic compounds in sediments from Durban, South Africa than indicated from instrumental analyses. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2019; 138:49-57. [PMID: 30660298 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The toxic equivalences (TEQs) of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) from sediment of aquatic systems in Durban, South Africa were determined in two ways: 1) TEQs of PAHs and PCBs were determined by instrumental analyses and converted to 2,3,7,8‑tetrachlorodibenzo‑para‑dioxin equivalence (TCDDeq). 2) Bioassay equivalences (BEQs) of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) ligands were analysed using the H4IIE-luc bioassay. TEQs of PCBs ranged from below limit of detection (<LOD) to 57 pg TCDDeq·g-1 while PAHs ranged from <LOD to 790 pg TCDDeq·g-1. BEQs were 100- to 1000-fold greater than TEQs. Potency-balance revealed <10% of the BEQs were explained by instrumentally analysed compounds. Sediment quality guidelines indicated di minimis risk relating to TEQs, however had potential risk due to BEQs. The results reveal that far more AhR ligands were present in the sediments than what was instrumentally analysed and capable of causing AhR-mediated toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tash Vogt
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Private Bag X1290, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa..
| | - Rialet Pieters
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Private Bag X1290, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - John Giesy
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4, Canada,; Department of Zoology, Centre for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Department of Biology and Chemistry, State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu, China
| | - Brent K Newman
- Coastal Systems Research Group, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Durban, South Africa; Nelson Mandela University, P.O. Box 77000, NMU, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa
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15
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Jahnke A, Sobek A, Bergmann M, Bräunig J, Landmann M, Schäfer S, Escher BI. Emerging investigator series: effect-based characterization of mixtures of environmental pollutants in diverse sediments. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2018; 20:1667-1679. [PMID: 30346461 DOI: 10.1039/c8em00401c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated whether cell-based bioassays were suitable to characterize profiles of mixture effects of hydrophobic pollutants in multiple sediments covering remote Arctic and tropical sites to highly populated sites in Europe and Australia. The total contamination was determined after total solvent extraction and the bioavailable contamination after silicone-based passive equilibrium sampling. In addition to cytotoxicity, we observed specific responses in cell-based reporter gene bioassays: activation of metabolic enzymes (arylhydrocarbon receptor: AhR, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma: PPARγ) and adaptive stress responses (oxidative stress response: AREc32). No mixture effects were found for effects on the estrogen, androgen, progesterone and glucocorticoid receptors, or they were masked by cytotoxicity. The bioanalytical equivalent concentrations (BEQ) spanned several orders of magnitude for each bioassay. The bioavailable BEQs (passive equilibrium sampling) typically were 10-100 times and up to 420 times lower than the total BEQ (solvent extraction) for the AhR and AREc32 assays, indicating that the readily desorbing fraction of the bioactive chemicals was substantially lower than the fraction bound strongly to the sediment sorptive phases. Contrarily, the bioavailable BEQ in the PPARγ assay was within a factor of five of the total BEQ. We identified several hotspots of contamination in Europe and established background contamination levels in the Arctic and Australia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Jahnke
- Department of Cell Toxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, DE-04318 Leipzig, Germany.
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16
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Eichbaum K, Brinkmann M, Nuesser L, Gembé C, Ohlig M, Buchinger S, Reifferscheid G, Hecker M, Giesy JP, Hollert H. In vitro tools for the toxicological evaluation of sediments and dredged materials: intra- and inter-laboratory comparisons of chemical and bioanalytical methods. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:4037-4050. [PMID: 28913580 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0094-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The implementation of in vitro bioassays for the screening of dioxin-like compounds (DLCs) into management guidelines of dredged material is of increasing interest to regulators and risk assessors. This study reports on an intra- and inter-laboratory comparison study between four independent laboratories. A bioassay battery consisting of RTL-W1 (7-ethoxy-resorufin-O-deethylase; EROD), H4IIE (micro-EROD), and H4IIE-luc cells was used to assess aryl hydrocarbon receptor-mediated effects of sediments from two major European rivers, differently contaminated with DLCs. Each assay was validated by characterization of its limit of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ), z-factor, reproducibility, and repeatability. DLC concentrations were measured using high-resolution gas chromatography/high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRGC/HRMS) and compared to bioassay-specific responses via toxicity equivalents (TEQs) on intra- and inter-laboratory levels. The micro-EROD assay exhibited the best overall performance among the bioassays. It was ranked excellent (z-factor = 0.54), reached a repeatability > 75%, was highly comparable (r 2 = 0.87) and reproducible (83%) between two laboratories, and was well correlated (r 2 = 0.803) with TEQs. Its LOD and LOQ of 0.5 and 0.7 pM 2,3,7,8-TCDD, respectively, approached LOQs of HRGC/HRMS measurements. In contrast, cell lines RTL-W1 and H4IIE-luc produced LODs > 0.7 pM 2,3,7,8-TCDD, LOQs > 1.7 pM 2,3,7,8-TCDD, and repeatability < 70%. Based on the data obtained, the micro-EROD assay is the most favorable bioanalytical tool, and via a micro-EROD-based limit value, it would allow for the assessment of sediment DLC concentrations; thus, it could be considered for the implementation into testing and management guidelines for dredged materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Eichbaum
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, ABBt-Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Markus Brinkmann
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, ABBt-Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- School of the Environment and Sustainability and Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, 44 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B3, Canada
| | - Leonie Nuesser
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, ABBt-Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Carolin Gembé
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, ABBt-Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Marina Ohlig
- Department G3: Biochemistry, Ecotoxicology, Federal Institute of Hydrology (BFG), Am Mainzer Tor 1, 56068, Koblenz, Germany
| | - Sebastian Buchinger
- Department G3: Biochemistry, Ecotoxicology, Federal Institute of Hydrology (BFG), Am Mainzer Tor 1, 56068, Koblenz, Germany
| | - Georg Reifferscheid
- Department G3: Biochemistry, Ecotoxicology, Federal Institute of Hydrology (BFG), Am Mainzer Tor 1, 56068, Koblenz, Germany
| | - Markus Hecker
- School of the Environment and Sustainability and Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, 44 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B3, Canada
| | - John P Giesy
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences and Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, 44 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B3, Canada
- Department of Zoology and Center for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, SAR, China
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Henner Hollert
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, ABBt-Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Environment of Education Ministry of China, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China.
- School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
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17
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Generalized concentration addition accurately predicts estrogenic potentials of mixtures and environmental samples containing partial agonists. Toxicol In Vitro 2018; 46:294-303. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2017.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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18
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Lee S, Hong S, Liu X, Kim C, Jung D, Yim UH, Shim WJ, Khim JS, Giesy JP, Choi K. Endocrine disrupting potential of PAHs and their alkylated analogues associated with oil spills. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2017; 19:1117-1125. [PMID: 28783190 DOI: 10.1039/c7em00125h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and alkylated PAHs are known to be major toxic contaminants in spills of petroleum hydrocarbons (oil). Spilled oil undergoes weathering and over time, PAHs go through a series of compositional changes. PAHs can disrupt endocrine functions, and the type of functions affected and associated potencies vary with the type and alkylation status of PAH. In this study, the potential of five major PAHs of crude oil, i.e., naphthalene, fluorene, dibenzothiophene, phenanthrene, and chrysene, and their alkylated analogues (n = 25), to disrupt endocrine functions was evaluated by use of MVLN-luc and H295R cell lines. In the MVLN-luc bioassay, seven estrogen receptor (ER) agonists were detected among 30 tested PAHs. The greatest ER-mediated potency was observed for 1-methylchrysene (101.4%), followed by phenanthrene and its alkylated analogues (range of %-E2max from 1.6% to 47.3%). In the H295R bioassay, significantly greater syntheses of steroid hormones were observed for 20 PAHs. For major PAHs and their alkylated analogues, disruption of steroidogenesis appeared to be more significant than ER-mediated effects. The number and locations of alkyl-moieties alone could not explain differences in the types or the potencies of toxicities. This observation shows that disruption of endocrine functions by some constituents of oil spills could be underestimated if only parent compounds are considered in assessments of hazard and risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangwoo Lee
- School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Gwanak, Seoul, 08826, South Korea.
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19
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Zhang Y, Ke X, Gui S, Wu X, Wang C, Zhang H. Evaluation of AhR-agonists and AhR-agonist activity in sediments of Liaohe River protected areas, China. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2017; 115:292-296. [PMID: 27993371 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.10.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A total of 9 sediment samples of Liaohe River protected areas were collected to evaluate aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonists (AhR-agonists) and AhR-agonist activity via chemical analysis and in vitro H4IIE cell bioassay. Results indicated that bioassay-derived 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin equivalents (Bio-TEQs) ranged from 89.1 to 251.1pg/g dry weight. Concentrations of 16 EPA polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), 12 dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) ranged from 256.8 to 560.1ng/g, 79.2 to 416.2pg/g, and 199.6 to 538.4pg/g, respectively. According to potency balance analysis, TEQchems based on PAHs, PCBs, and PCDD/Fs could contribute 16.56% to 26.11% of Bio-TEQs. This could be explained by the potential existence of unidentified AhR-agonists and the potential non-additive interactions among AhR-agonists in sediment extracts. Through the different contributions to Bio-TEQs, this study confirms that PCDD/Fs were the main pollutants that induced significantly AhR-agonist activity in sediments of Liaohe River protected areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhang
- Northeast Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation and Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, College of Land and Environment, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, PR China
| | - Xin Ke
- College of Energy and Environment, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang 110136, PR China.
| | - Shaofeng Gui
- College of Energy and Environment, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang 110136, PR China
| | - Xiaoqiong Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Land force General Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100000, PR China
| | - Chunyong Wang
- College of Energy and Environment, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang 110136, PR China
| | - Haijun Zhang
- College of Energy and Environment, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang 110136, PR China
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20
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Lou S, Lei B, Feng C, Xu J, Peng W, Wang Y. In vitro toxicity assessment of sediment samples from Huangpu River and Suzhou River, Shanghai, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:15183-15192. [PMID: 27094279 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6683-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Sediments are the ultimate sink for many toxic organic contaminants released into aquatic environment. The present study evaluated the toxicity effect of 13 surface sediment samples from Huangpu River and Suzhou River, East China using two-hybrid yeast bioassays for estrogenic and thyroidal effects and H4IIE rat hepatoma cell bioassay for ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) activity. Toxicity was expressed as 17β-estradiol equivalent (E2-EQ), 3,3',5-triiodothyronine equivalent (T3-EQ), and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) equivalent (TEQ). At the same time, the causality between the observed EROD activity and concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was examined. The results showed that the total estrogenic effects in sediments ranged from 0.06 to 1.21 μg E2-EQ kg(-1) dry weight (dw), the thyroidal effects ranged from 4.68 to 69.9 μg T3-EQ kg(-1) dw, and significantly positive correlations were found between lgT3-EQs and lgE2-EQs. The AhR agonist effects varied from 26.5 to 148.3 ng TEQ kg(-1) dw. Chemical analysis-derived TEQs contributed by PAHs ranged from 13.8 to 66.0 ng kg(-1) dw accounting for 27.2-109.9 % with mean of 48.9 % of TEQbio, indicating that PAHs made important contributions to the EROD effects of sediment extracts from the two rivers. The present study would provide meaningful information for further analysis and risk evaluation for organic pollutants in Huangpu River and Suzhou River.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shufang Lou
- Commen Subjects Department, Shangqiu Medical College, Hanan, 450000, China
| | - Bingli Lei
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
| | - Chenglian Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environment Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
| | - Jie Xu
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Wei Peng
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Yipei Wang
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
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21
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Chen WL, Xie Z, Wolschke H, Gandrass J, Kötke D, Winkelmann M, Ebinghaus R. Quantitative determination of ultra-trace carbazoles in sediments in the coastal environment. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 150:586-595. [PMID: 26919804 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.02.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2015] [Revised: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Carbazole and some of its derivatives may possess dioxin-like toxicity and could be persistent in the environment, but information on their distribution and environmental fate is limited. This study developed and validated an ultra-trace targeted-analysis method for the determination of carbazole, 1,2-benzocarbazole, and 13 halogenated carbazoles in sediments from the river, coast, and North Sea. An 8-g sediment sample was extracted using accelerated solvent extraction combined with in-cell cleanup and analyzed using gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The method was sensitive and reliable with method detection limits ranging from 4.54 to 52.9 pg/g, and most of the quantification biases and relative standard deviations were <20 and <15%, respectively. Carbazole and 1,2-benzocarbazole were the predominant substances in the sediments (median 565 and 369 pg/g, respectively) followed by 3,6-dichlorocarbazole (median 196 pg/g). The detection frequencies of carbazole, benzo-, 3-chloro-, and 3,6-dichlorocarbazole were >75%, while those of 3,6-dibromo-, 1-bromo-3,6-dichloro-, and 1,8-dibromo-3,6-dichlorocarbazole were approximately 50%. Brominated carbazoles occurred more frequently in marine than river-influenced sediments, which could indicate halogenation after discharge into the river. This is the first study regarding these substances in coastal environments without apparent contamination history. The ubiquity and bioaccumulative potential of these substances needs to be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ling Chen
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Centre for Materials and Coastal Research, Institute of Coastal Research, Department for Environmental Chemistry, Geesthacht 21502, Germany.
| | - Zhiyong Xie
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Centre for Materials and Coastal Research, Institute of Coastal Research, Department for Environmental Chemistry, Geesthacht 21502, Germany.
| | - Hendrik Wolschke
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Centre for Materials and Coastal Research, Institute of Coastal Research, Department for Environmental Chemistry, Geesthacht 21502, Germany.
| | - Juergen Gandrass
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Centre for Materials and Coastal Research, Institute of Coastal Research, Department for Environmental Chemistry, Geesthacht 21502, Germany.
| | - Danijela Kötke
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Centre for Materials and Coastal Research, Institute of Coastal Research, Department for Environmental Chemistry, Geesthacht 21502, Germany.
| | - Magnus Winkelmann
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Centre for Materials and Coastal Research, Institute of Coastal Research, Department for Environmental Chemistry, Geesthacht 21502, Germany.
| | - Ralf Ebinghaus
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Centre for Materials and Coastal Research, Institute of Coastal Research, Department for Environmental Chemistry, Geesthacht 21502, Germany.
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22
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Hrubik J, Glisic B, Tubic A, Ivancev-Tumbas I, Kovacevic R, Samardzija D, Andric N, Kaisarevic S. Toxicological and chemical investigation of untreated municipal wastewater: Fraction- and species-specific toxicity. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2016; 127:153-162. [PMID: 26829069 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Absence of a municipal wastewater (WW) treatment plant results in the untreated WW discharge into the recipient. The present study investigated toxic effects and chemical composition of water extracts and fractions from untreated WW and recipient Danube River (DR). Samples were prepared by solid-phase extraction and silica gel fractionation and screened for EROD activity and cytotoxicity using aquatic models, comprising of fish liver cells (PLHC-1) and a model of the early development of zebrafish embryos, while rat (H4IIE) and human (HepG2) hepatoma cells served as mammalian models. Polar fraction caused cytotoxicity and increased the EROD activity in PLHC-1 cells, and increased mortality and developmental abnormalities in developing zebrafish embryos. In H4IIE, polar fraction induced inhibition of cell growth and increased EROD activity, whereas HepG2 exerted low or no response to the exposure. Non-polar and medium-polar fractions were ineffective. Tentative identification by GC/MS showed that WW is characterized by the hydrocarbons, alkylphenols, plasticizers, and a certain number of benzene derivatives and organic acids. In DR, smaller number of organic compounds was identified and toxicity was less pronounced than in WW treatments. The present study revealed the potent toxic effect of polar fraction of untreated WW, with biological responses varying in sensitivity across organisms. Obtained results confirmed that fraction- and species-specific toxicity should be considered when assessing health risk of environmental pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Hrubik
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology, Laboratory for Ecotoxicology, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Branka Glisic
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology, Laboratory for Ecotoxicology, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Tubic
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Ivana Ivancev-Tumbas
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Radmila Kovacevic
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology, Laboratory for Ecotoxicology, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Dragana Samardzija
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology, Laboratory for Ecotoxicology, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Nebojsa Andric
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology, Laboratory for Ecotoxicology, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Sonja Kaisarevic
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology, Laboratory for Ecotoxicology, Novi Sad, Serbia.
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23
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Li JY, Su L, Wei F, Yang J, Jin L, Zhang X. Bioavailability-based assessment of aryl hydrocarbon receptor-mediated activity in Lake Tai Basin from Eastern China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 544:987-994. [PMID: 26706770 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Revised: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Coupling polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-based equilibrium passive sampling with chemical and bioassay analysis, we assessed aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-mediated activity and contributing chemicals in sediment from Lake Tai Basin, Eastern China. The bioanalytical equivalent concentrations (BEQs) of AhR-active chemicals for the exhaustive (total burden) and PDMS extracts (bioavailable fractions) ranged from <9.5-300 ng TCDD-EQ/ kgdry weight (dw) and <0.096-2.2 ng TCDD-EQ/kgdw, respectively, which were of average levels compared to those reported elsewhere. The total concentrations of PAHs in sediment and PDMS were 17-4700 μg/kgdw and 0.61-10 μg/kgdw, respectively. The majority of the exhaustive extracts subject to acid treatment showed >70% decline in AhR-mediated activity, suggesting the minor contribution by persistent AhR ligands. Targeted analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) showed, however, that these chemicals contributed <40% to the overall effect in both exhaustive and PDMS extracts, indicating the presence of other labile AhR ligands. The concentrations of PAHs and BEQs of the AhR-mediated activity attributed to these chemicals in the exhaustive extracts can be back calculated from those in the PDMS extracts via a general organic carbon-PDMS partition coefficient. Similar quantitative conversion between PDMS and aquatic organisms was also verified for aquatic organisms via the lipid-PDMS partition coefficient. Therefore, our study provided a first insight into the quantitative links between bulk chemical burdens in sediment, chemical bioavailability, bioaccumulation potential and resulting mixture effects, as an integral part of predictive environmental risk assessment of contaminated sediment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan-Ying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Education, China
| | - Lei Su
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Fenghua Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jianghua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ling Jin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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24
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Floehr T, Scholz-Starke B, Xiao H, Hercht H, Wu L, Hou J, Schmidt-Posthaus H, Segner H, Kammann U, Yuan X, Roß-Nickoll M, Schäffer A, Hollert H. Linking Ah receptor mediated effects of sediments and impacts on fish to key pollutants in the Yangtze Three Gorges Reservoir, China - A comprehensive perspective. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 538:191-211. [PMID: 26298852 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Revised: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR), created in consequence of the Yangtze River's impoundment by the Three Gorges Dam, faces numerous anthropogenic impacts that challenge its unique ecosystem. Organic pollutants, particularly aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonists, have been widely detected in the Yangtze River, but only little research was yet done on AhR-mediated activities. Hence, in order to assess effects of organic pollution, with particular focus on AhR-mediated activities, several sites in the TGR area were examined applying the "triad approach". It combines chemical analysis, in vitro, in vivo and in situ investigations to a holistic assessment. Sediments and the benthic fish species Pelteobagrus vachellii were sampled in 2011/2012, respectively, to identify relevant endpoints. Sediment was tested in vitro with the ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) induction assay, and in vivo with the Fish Embryo Toxicity Test and Sediment Contact Assay with Danio rerio. Activities of phase I (EROD) and phase II (glutathione-S-transferase) biotransformation enzymes, pollutant metabolites and histopathological alterations were studied in situ in P. vachellii. EROD induction was tested in vitro and in situ to evaluate possible relationships. Two sites, near Chongqing and Kaixian city, were identified as regional hot-spots and further investigated in 2013. The sediments induced in the in vitro/in vivo bioassays AhR-mediated activities and embryotoxic/teratogenic effects - particularly on the cardiovascular system. These endpoints could be significantly correlated to each other and respective chemical data. However, particle-bound pollutants showed only low bioavailability. The in situ investigations suggested a rather poor condition of P. vachellii, with histopathological alterations in liver and excretory kidney. Fish from Chongqing city exhibited significant hepatic EROD induction and obvious parasitic infestations. The polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) metabolite 1-hydroxypyrene was detected in bile of fish from all sites. All endpoints in combination with the chemical data suggest a pivotal role of PAHs in the observed ecotoxicological impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tilman Floehr
- Institute for Environmental Research, ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Björn Scholz-Starke
- Institute for Environmental Research, ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Hongxia Xiao
- Institute for Environmental Research, ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Hendrik Hercht
- Institute for Environmental Research, ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Lingling Wu
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
| | - Junli Hou
- East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Shanghai 200090, PR China.
| | | | - Helmut Segner
- Centre for Fish and Wildlife Health, University of Bern, 3001 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Ulrike Kammann
- Thünen Institute of Fisheries Ecology, 22767 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Xingzhong Yuan
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, PR China.
| | - Martina Roß-Nickoll
- Institute for Environmental Research, ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; College of Resources and Environmental Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, PR China.
| | - Andreas Schäffer
- Institute for Environmental Research, ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; College of Resources and Environmental Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Research Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China.
| | - Henner Hollert
- Institute for Environmental Research, ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; College of Resources and Environmental Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Research Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China.
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25
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Brinkmann M, Eichbaum K, Reininghaus M, Koglin S, Kammann U, Baumann L, Segner H, Zennegg M, Buchinger S, Reifferscheid G, Hollert H. Towards science-based sediment quality standards-Effects of field-collected sediments in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2015; 166:50-62. [PMID: 26232131 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2015.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Revised: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Sediments can act as long-term sinks for environmental pollutants. Within the past decades, dioxin-like compounds (DLCs) such as polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have attracted significant attention in the scientific community. To investigate the time- and concentration-dependent uptake of DLCs and PAHs in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and their associated toxicological effects, we conducted exposure experiments using suspensions of three field-collected sediments from the rivers Rhine and Elbe, which were chosen to represent different contamination levels. Five serial dilutions of contaminated sediments were tested; these originated from the Prossen and Zollelbe sampling sites (both in the river Elbe, Germany) and from Ehrenbreitstein (Rhine, Germany), with lower levels of contamination. Fish were exposed to suspensions of these dilutions under semi-static conditions for 90 days. Analysis of muscle tissue by high resolution gas chromatography and mass spectrometry and of bile liquid by high-performance liquid chromatography showed that particle-bound PCDD/Fs, PCBs and PAHs were readily bioavailable from re-suspended sediments. Uptake of these contaminants and the associated toxicological effects in fish were largely proportional to their sediment concentrations. The changes in the investigated biomarkers closely reflected the different sediment contamination levels: cytochrome P450 1A mRNA expression and 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase activity in fish livers responded immediately and with high sensitivity, while increased frequencies of micronuclei and other nuclear aberrations, as well as histopathological and gross pathological lesions, were strong indicators of the potential long-term effects of re-suspension events. Our study clearly demonstrates that sediment re-suspension can lead to accumulation of PCDD/Fs and PCBs in fish, resulting in potentially adverse toxicological effects. For a sound risk assessment within the implementation of the European Water Framework Directive and related legislation, we propose a strong emphasis on sediment-bound contaminants in the context of integrated river basin management plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Brinkmann
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Kathrin Eichbaum
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Mathias Reininghaus
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Sven Koglin
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Ulrike Kammann
- Thünen-Institute of Fisheries Ecology, Palmaille 9, 22767 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lisa Baumann
- Centre for Fish and Wildlife Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Länggassstr. 122, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Helmut Segner
- Centre for Fish and Wildlife Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Länggassstr. 122, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Markus Zennegg
- Swiss Federal Institute for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), Laboratory for Advanced Analytical Technologies, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Buchinger
- Department G3: Biochemistry, Ecotoxicology, Federal Institute of Hydrology (BFG), Am Mainzer Tor 1, 56068 Koblenz, Germany
| | - Georg Reifferscheid
- Department G3: Biochemistry, Ecotoxicology, Federal Institute of Hydrology (BFG), Am Mainzer Tor 1, 56068 Koblenz, Germany
| | - Henner Hollert
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany; College of Resources and Environmental Science, Chongqing University, 1 Tiansheng Road Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, China.
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26
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Meyer W, Seiler TB, Schwarzbauer J, Püttmann W, Hollert H, Achten C. Polar polycyclic aromatic compounds from different coal types show varying mutagenic potential, EROD induction and bioavailability depending on coal rank. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2014; 494-495:320-328. [PMID: 25063955 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.06.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Revised: 06/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Investigations of the bioavailability and toxicity of polycyclic aromatic compounds (PAC) have rarely considered the heterogeneity of coals and the impact of more polar PAC besides polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). Earlier, we investigated the toxicity of eight heterogeneous coals and their extracts. In the present study, the hazard potential with respect to mechanism-specific toxicity of polar fractions of dichloromethane extracts from coals was studied. Polar extract fractions of all coal types except for anthracite induced EROD activity (determined in RTL-W1 cells), independent of coal type (Bio-TEQs between 23 ± 16 and 52 ± 22 ng/g). The polar fractions of all bituminous coal extracts revealed mutagenic activity (determined using the Ames Fluctuation test). No significant mutation induction was detected for the polar extract fractions from the lignite, sub-bituminous coal and anthracite samples, which indicates a higher dependency on coal type for polar PAC here. Additionally, information on bioavailability was derived from a bioaccumulation test using the deposit-feeding oligochaete Lumbriculus variegatus which was exposed for 28 days to ground coal samples. Despite the high toxic potential of most coal extracts and a reduced biomass of Lumbriculus in bituminous coal samples, bioaccumulation of PAH and mortality after 28 days were found to be low. Limited bioaccumulation of PAH (up to 3.6 ± 3.8 mg/kg EPA-PAH) and polar PAC were observed for all coal samples. A significant reduction of Lumbriculus biomass was observed in the treatments containing bituminous coals (from 0.019 ± 0.004 g to 0.046 ± 0.011 g compared to 0.080 ± 0.025 g per replicate in control treatments). We conclude that bioavailability of native PAC from coals including polar PAC is low for all investigated coal types. In comparison to lignite, sub-bituminous coals and anthracite, the bioavailability of PAC from bituminous coals is slightly increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiebke Meyer
- University of Münster, Institute of Geology and Palaeontology - Applied Geology, Corrensstrasse 24, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Thomas-Benjamin Seiler
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Environmental Research, Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Jan Schwarzbauer
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Petroleum and Coal, Lochnerstrasse 4-20, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Wilhelm Püttmann
- J.W. Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main, Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Department of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, Altenhöferallee 1, 60438 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Henner Hollert
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Environmental Research, Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Christine Achten
- University of Münster, Institute of Geology and Palaeontology - Applied Geology, Corrensstrasse 24, 48149 Münster, Germany.
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27
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Liu L, Chen L, Shao Y, Zhang L, Floehr T, Xiao H, Yan Y, Eichbaum K, Hollert H, Wu L. Evaluation of the ecotoxicity of sediments from Yangtze river estuary and contribution of priority PAHs to ah receptor--mediated activities. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104748. [PMID: 25111307 PMCID: PMC4128779 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, in vitro bioassays were performed to assess the ecotoxicological potential of sediments from Yangtze River estuary. The cytotoxicity and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-mediated toxicity of sediment extracts with rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) liver cells were determined by neutral red retention and 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase assays. The cytotoxicity and AhR-mediated activity of sediments from the Yangtze River estuary ranged from low level to moderate level compared with the ecotoxicity of sediments from other river systems. However, Yangtze River releases approximately 14 times greater water discharge compared with Rhine, a major river in Europe. Thus, the absolute pollution mass transfer of Yangtze River may be detrimental to the environmental quality of estuary and East China Sea. Effect-directed analysis was applied to identify substances causing high dioxin-like activities. To identify unknown substances contributing to dioxin-like potencies of whole extracts, we fractionated crude extracts by open column chromatography. Non-polar paraffinic components (F1), weakly and moderately polar components (F2), and highly polar substances (F3) were separated from each crude extract of sediments. F2 showed the highest dioxin-like activities. Based on the results of mass balance calculation of chemical toxic equivalent concentrations (TEQs), our conclusion is that priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons indicated a low portion of bio-TEQs ranging from 1% to 10% of crude extracts. Further studies should be conducted to identify unknown pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze Water environment, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Chen
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze Water environment, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Shao
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze Water environment, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research (Biology V), Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Lili Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze Water environment, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tilman Floehr
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research (Biology V), Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Hongxia Xiao
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research (Biology V), Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Yan Yan
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research (Biology V), Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Kathrin Eichbaum
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research (Biology V), Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Henner Hollert
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze Water environment, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research (Biology V), Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
- School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lingling Wu
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze Water environment, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail:
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28
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Eichbaum K, Brinkmann M, Buchinger S, Reifferscheid G, Hecker M, Giesy JP, Engwall M, van Bavel B, Hollert H. In vitro bioassays for detecting dioxin-like activity--application potentials and limits of detection, a review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2014; 487:37-48. [PMID: 24762647 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.03.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Revised: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Use of in vitro assays as screening tool to characterize contamination of a variety of environmental matrices has become an increasingly popular and powerful toolbox in the field of environmental toxicology. While bioassays cannot entirely substitute analytical methods such as gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), the increasing improvement of cell lines and standardization of bioassay procedures enhance their utility as bioanalytical pre-screening tests prior to more targeted chemical analytical investigations. Dioxin-receptor-based assays provide a holistic characterization of exposure to dioxin-like compounds (DLCs) by integrating their overall toxic potential, including potentials of unknown DLCs not detectable via e.g. GC-MS. Hence, they provide important additional information with respect to environmental risk assessment of DLCs. This review summarizes different in vitro bioassay applications for detection of DLCs and considers the comparability of bioassay and chemical analytically derived toxicity equivalents (TEQs) of different approaches and various matrices. These range from complex samples such as sediments through single reference to compound mixtures. A summary of bioassay derived detection limits (LODs) showed a number of current bioassays to be equally sensitive as chemical methodologies, but moreover revealed that most of the bioanalytical studies conducted to date did not report their LODs, which represents a limitation with regard to low potency samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Eichbaum
- Institute for Environmental Research, Department of Ecosystem Analysis, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Markus Brinkmann
- Institute for Environmental Research, Department of Ecosystem Analysis, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Buchinger
- Federal Institute of Hydrology (BFG), Department G3: Biochemistry, Ecotoxicology, Am Mainzer Tor 1, 56068 Koblenz, Germany
| | - Georg Reifferscheid
- Federal Institute of Hydrology (BFG), Department G3: Biochemistry, Ecotoxicology, Am Mainzer Tor 1, 56068 Koblenz, Germany
| | - Markus Hecker
- School of the Environment & Sustainability and Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, 44 Campus Drive, SK S7N 5B3 Saskatoon, Canada
| | - John P Giesy
- School of the Environment & Sustainability and Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, 44 Campus Drive, SK S7N 5B3 Saskatoon, Canada; Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences and Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, 44 Campus Drive, SK S7N 5B3 Saskatoon, Canada; Department of Zoology and Center for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA; Department of Biology and Chemistry, State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, SAR, China; School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Magnus Engwall
- Man-Technology-Environment Research Centre, Deptartment of Natural Sciences, Örebro University, 70182 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Bert van Bavel
- Man-Technology-Environment Research Centre, Deptartment of Natural Sciences, Örebro University, 70182 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Henner Hollert
- Institute for Environmental Research, Department of Ecosystem Analysis, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Environment of Education Ministry of China, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China; College of Resources and Environmental Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China; School of Environment, Nanjing University, China.
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