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Hargitai R, Parráková L, Szatmári T, Monfort-Lanzas P, Galbiati V, Audouze K, Jornod F, Staal YCM, Burla S, Chary A, Gutleb AC, Lumniczky K, Vandebriel RJ, Gostner JM. Chemical respiratory sensitization-Current status of mechanistic understanding, knowledge gaps and possible identification methods of sensitizers. FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY 2024; 6:1331803. [PMID: 39135743 PMCID: PMC11317441 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2024.1331803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Respiratory sensitization is a complex immunological process eventually leading to hypersensitivity following re-exposure to the chemical. A frequent consequence is occupational asthma, which may occur after long latency periods. Although chemical-induced respiratory hypersensitivity has been known for decades, there are currently no comprehensive and validated approaches available for the prospective identification of chemicals that induce respiratory sensitization, while the expectations of new approach methodologies (NAMs) are high. A great hope is that due to a better understanding of the molecular key events, new methods can be developed now. However, this is a big challenge due to the different chemical classes to which respiratory sensitizers belong, as well as because of the complexity of the response and the late manifestation of symptoms. In this review article, the current information on respiratory sensitization related processes is summarized by introducing it in the available adverse outcome pathway (AOP) concept. Potentially useful models for prediction are discussed. Knowledge gaps and gaps of regulatory concern are identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Hargitai
- Unit of Radiation Medicine, Department of Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, National Centre for Public Health and Pharmacy (NCPHP), Budapest, Hungary
| | - Lucia Parráková
- Biochemical Immunotoxicology Group, Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Innsbruck (MUI), Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Tünde Szatmári
- Unit of Radiation Medicine, Department of Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, National Centre for Public Health and Pharmacy (NCPHP), Budapest, Hungary
| | - Pablo Monfort-Lanzas
- Biochemical Immunotoxicology Group, Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Innsbruck (MUI), Innsbruck, Austria
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Medical University of Innsbruck (MUI), Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Valentina Galbiati
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences “Rodolfo Paoletti”, Università Degli Studi di Milano (UNIMI), Milano, Italy
| | | | | | - Yvonne C. M. Staal
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Sabina Burla
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Aline Chary
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Arno C. Gutleb
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Katalin Lumniczky
- Unit of Radiation Medicine, Department of Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, National Centre for Public Health and Pharmacy (NCPHP), Budapest, Hungary
| | - Rob J. Vandebriel
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Johanna M. Gostner
- Biochemical Immunotoxicology Group, Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Innsbruck (MUI), Innsbruck, Austria
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Stanbery AG, Shuchi Smita, Jakob von Moltke, Tait Wojno ED, Ziegler SF. TSLP, IL-33, and IL-25: Not just for allergy and helminth infection. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2022; 150:1302-1313. [PMID: 35863509 PMCID: PMC9742339 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The release of cytokines from epithelial and stromal cells is critical for the initiation and maintenance of tissue immunity. Three such cytokines, thymic stromal lymphopoietin, IL-33, and IL-25, are important regulators of type 2 immune responses triggered by parasitic worms and allergens. In particular, these cytokines activate group 2 innate lymphoid cells, TH2 cells, and myeloid cells, which drive hallmarks of type 2 immunity. However, emerging data indicate that these tissue-associated cytokines are not only involved in canonical type 2 responses but are also important in the context of viral infections, cancer, and even homeostasis. Here, we provide a brief review of the roles of thymic stromal lymphopoietin, IL-33, and IL-25 in diverse immune contexts, while highlighting their relative contributions in tissue-specific responses. We also emphasize a biologically motivated framework for thinking about the integration of multiple immune signals, including the 3 featured in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shuchi Smita
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash
| | - Jakob von Moltke
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash
| | | | - Steven F Ziegler
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash; Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, Wash.
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3
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Duchesne M, Okoye I, Lacy P. Epithelial cell alarmin cytokines: Frontline mediators of the asthma inflammatory response. Front Immunol 2022; 13:975914. [PMID: 36311787 PMCID: PMC9616080 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.975914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The exposure of the airway epithelium to external stimuli such as allergens, microbes, and air pollution triggers the release of the alarmin cytokines IL-25, IL-33 and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP). IL-25, IL-33 and TSLP interact with their ligands, IL-17RA, IL1RL1 and TSLPR respectively, expressed by hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cells including dendritic cells, ILC2 cells, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts. Alarmins play key roles in driving type 2-high, and to a lesser extent type 2-low responses, in asthma. In addition, studies in which each of these three alarmins were targeted in allergen-challenged mice showed decreased chronicity of type-2 driven disease. Consequently, ascertaining the mechanism of activity of these upstream mediators has implications for understanding the outcome of targeted therapies designed to counteract their activity and alleviate downstream type 2-high and low effector responses. Furthermore, identifying the factors which shift the balance between the elicitation of type 2-high, eosinophilic asthma and type-2 low, neutrophilic-positive/negative asthma by alarmins is essential. In support of these efforts, observations from the NAVIGATOR trial imply that targeting TSLP in patients with tezepelumab results in reduced asthma exacerbations, improved lung function and control of the disease. In this review, we will discuss the mechanisms surrounding the secretion of IL-25, IL-33, and TSLP from the airway epithelium and how this influences the allergic airway cascade. We also review in detail how alarmin-receptor/co-receptor interactions modulate downstream allergic inflammation. Current strategies which target alarmins, their efficacy and inflammatory phenotype will be discussed.
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Chauché C, Rasid O, Donachie A, McManus CM, Löser S, Campion T, Richards J, Smyth DJ, McSorley HJ, Maizels RM. Suppression of airway allergic eosinophilia by Hp-TGM, a helminth mimic of TGF-β. Immunology 2022; 167:197-211. [PMID: 35758054 PMCID: PMC9885513 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2-high asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways which is increasingly prevalent in countries where helminth parasite infections are rare, and characterized by T helper 2 (Th2)-dependent accumulation of eosinophils in the lungs. Regulatory cytokines such as TGF-β can restrain inflammatory reactions, dampen allergic Th2 responses, and control eosinophil activation. The murine helminth parasite Heligmosomoides polygyrus releases a TGF-β mimic (Hp-TGM) that replicates the biological and functional properties of TGF-β despite bearing no structural similarity to the mammalian protein. Here, we investigated if Hp-TGM could alleviate allergic airway inflammation in mice exposed to Alternaria alternata allergen, house dust mite (HDM) extract or alum-adjuvanted ovalbumin protein (OVA). Intranasal administration of Hp-TGM during Alternaria exposure sharply reduced airway and lung tissue eosinophilia along with bronchoalveolar lavage fluid IL-5 and lung IL-33 cytokine levels at 24 h. The protective effect of Hp-TGM on airway eosinophilia was also obtained in the longer T-cell mediated models of HDM or OVA sensitisation with significant inhibition of eotaxin-1, IL-4 and IL-13 responses depending on the model and time-point. Hp-TGM was also protective when administered parenterally either when given at the time of allergic sensitisation or during airway allergen challenge. This project has taken the first steps in identifying the role of Hp-TGM in allergic asthma and highlighted its ability to control lung inflammation and allergic pathology. Future research will investigate the mode of action of Hp-TGM against airway allergic eosinophilia, and further explore its potential to be developed as a biotherapeutic in allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Chauché
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative ParasitologyInstitute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of GlasgowGlasgowUK,Centre for Inflammation ResearchUniversity of Edinburgh, Queen's Medical Research InstituteEdinburghUK
| | - Orhan Rasid
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative ParasitologyInstitute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Anne‐Marie Donachie
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative ParasitologyInstitute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Caitlin M. McManus
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative ParasitologyInstitute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Stephan Löser
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative ParasitologyInstitute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Tiffany Campion
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative ParasitologyInstitute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Josh Richards
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative ParasitologyInstitute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of GlasgowGlasgowUK,Division of Cell Signalling and ImmunologySchool of Life Sciences, Wellcome Trust Building, University of DundeeDundeeUK
| | - Danielle J. Smyth
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative ParasitologyInstitute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of GlasgowGlasgowUK,Division of Cell Signalling and ImmunologySchool of Life Sciences, Wellcome Trust Building, University of DundeeDundeeUK
| | - Henry J. McSorley
- Division of Cell Signalling and ImmunologySchool of Life Sciences, Wellcome Trust Building, University of DundeeDundeeUK
| | - Rick M. Maizels
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative ParasitologyInstitute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of GlasgowGlasgowUK
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Pratama YA, Dinina F, Nurhan AD, Sari WF, Ardianto C, Khotib J. Effectiveness of Indonesian house dust mite allergenic extract in triggering allergic rhinitis sensitivity in a mouse model: A preliminary study. Vet World 2022; 15:2333-2341. [PMID: 36341054 PMCID: PMC9631360 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2022.2333-2341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Perennial allergic rhinitis (AR) is a chronic upper respiratory disease, with inflammation mediated by immunoglobulin E in the nasal mucosa caused by house dust mites. Recently, allergen immunotherapy showed promising allergic healing in patients with a definite history of sensitization. Based on this finding, a product was developed using Indonesian house dust mite (IHDM). This study aimed to optimize the allergenic rhinitis mouse model that was generated using IHDM to test the in vivo sensitivity and safety of this product. Materials and Methods: Seven groups of mice were used for effectiveness testing – normal, negative control with IHDM challenge, positive control with 0.1% histamine challenge, and AR group by both IHDM-induced sensitization at 12.5, 50, 250, or 500 μg and IHDM challenge. Mice were sensitized by intraperitoneal administration of IHDM once a week for 3 consecutive weeks. Thereafter, the challenge was given intranasally 5 times on alternate days. The number of nose rubbing and sneezing was noted. Eosinophil infiltration was assessed histologically using hematoxylin and eosin staining. The expression of interleukin-5 (IL-5) mRNA in the nasal mucosa was determined using semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Results: The induction of AR with IHDM significantly increased the number of nose rubbing and sneezing in the mouse model. Eosinophil infiltration was observed in the nasal mucosa; however, no significant change occurred in the expression of IL-5 mRNA. Conclusion: Overall, these data indicate that IHDM allergenic extract could be an effective sensitizing agent in a mouse model of AR. Although the use of IHDM is a limitation of this study because other sources of house dust mites might have different effects, this study provides a proper model for immunotherapy effectivity testing for in vivo pre-clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuf Alif Pratama
- Master Program of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
| | - Fakhriyah Dinina
- Bachelor Program of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
| | - Ahmad Dzulfikri Nurhan
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
| | - Winda Fatma Sari
- Bachelor Program of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
| | - Chrismawan Ardianto
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
| | - Junaidi Khotib
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
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6
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Cayrol C, Girard JP. Interleukin-33 (IL-33): A critical review of its biology and the mechanisms involved in its release as a potent extracellular cytokine. Cytokine 2022; 156:155891. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2022.155891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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7
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Yeoh WJ, Vu VP, Krebs P. IL-33 biology in cancer: An update and future perspectives. Cytokine 2022; 157:155961. [PMID: 35843125 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2022.155961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-33 (IL-33) is a member of the IL-1 family of cytokines that is constitutively expressed in the nucleus of epithelial, endothelial and fibroblast-like cells. Upon cell stress, damage or necrosis, IL-33 is released into the cytoplasm to exert its prime role as an alarmin by binding to its specific receptor moiety, ST2. IL-33 exhibits pleiotropic function in inflammatory diseases and particularly in cancer. IL-33 may play a dual role as both a pro-tumorigenic and anti-tumorigenic cytokine, dependent on tumor and cellular context, expression levels, bioactivity and the nature of the inflammatory environment. In this review, we discuss the differential contribution of IL-33 to malignant or inflammatory conditions, its multifaceted effects on the tumor microenvironment, while providing possible explanations for the discrepant findings described in the literature. Additionally, we examine the emerging and divergent functions of IL-33 in the nucleus, and aspects of IL-33 biology that are currently under-addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Jie Yeoh
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Vivian P Vu
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Krebs
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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8
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Matarazzo L, Hernandez Santana YE, Walsh PT, Fallon PG. The IL-1 cytokine family as custodians of barrier immunity. Cytokine 2022; 154:155890. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2022.155890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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9
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Chen Z, Luo J, Li J, Kim G, Stewart A, Huang Y, Wu C. Intestinal IL-33 promotes platelet activity for neutrophil recruitment during acute inflammation. Blood 2022; 139:1878-1891. [PMID: 34871362 PMCID: PMC8952185 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2021013474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral serotonin (5-HT) is mainly generated from the gastrointestinal tract and taken up and stored by platelets in the circulation. Although the gut is recognized as a major immune organ, how intestinal local immune responses control whole-body physiology via 5-HT remains unclear. Here, we show that intestinal inflammation enhances systemic platelet activation and blood coagulation. Intestinal epithelium damage induces elevated levels of the alarm cytokine interleukin-33 (IL-33), leading to platelet activation via promotion of gut-derived 5-HT release. More importantly, we found that loss of intestinal epithelial-derived IL-33 lowers peripheral 5-HT levels, resulting in compromised platelet activation and hemostasis. Functionally, intestinal IL-33 contributes to the recruitment of neutrophils to sites of acute inflammation by enhancing platelet activities. Genetic deletion of intestinal IL-33 or neutralization of peripheral IL-33 protects animals from lipopolysaccharide endotoxic shock through attenuated neutrophil extravasation. Therefore, our data establish a distinct role of intestinal IL-33 in activating platelets by promoting 5-HT release for systemic physiology and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jian Li
- Experimental Immunology Branch and
| | | | - Andy Stewart
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; and
| | - Yuefeng Huang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Chuan Wu
- Experimental Immunology Branch and
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10
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Kabata H, Motomura Y, Kiniwa T, Kobayashi T, Moro K. ILCs and Allergy. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1365:75-95. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-16-8387-9_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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11
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Cayrol C. IL-33, an Alarmin of the IL-1 Family Involved in Allergic and Non Allergic Inflammation: Focus on the Mechanisms of Regulation of Its Activity. Cells 2021; 11:cells11010107. [PMID: 35011670 PMCID: PMC8750818 DOI: 10.3390/cells11010107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-33 (IL-33) is a member of the interleukin-1 (IL-1) family that is expressed in the nuclei of endothelial and epithelial cells of barrier tissues, among others. It functions as an alarm signal that is released upon tissue or cellular injury. IL-33 plays a central role in the initiation and amplification of type 2 innate immune responses and allergic inflammation by activating various target cells expressing its ST2 receptor, including mast cells and type 2 innate lymphoid cells. Depending on the tissue environment, IL-33 plays a wide variety of roles in parasitic and viral host defense, tissue repair and homeostasis. IL-33 has evolved a variety of sophisticated regulatory mechanisms to control its activity, including nuclear sequestration and proteolytic processing. It is involved in many diseases, including allergic, inflammatory and infectious diseases, and is a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of severe asthma. In this review, I will summarize the literature around this fascinating pleiotropic cytokine. In the first part, I will describe the basics of IL-33, from the discovery of interleukin-33 to its function, including its expression, release and signaling pathway. The second part will be devoted to the regulation of IL-33 protein leading to its activation or inactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne Cayrol
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31077 Toulouse, France
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12
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Li C, Yu T, Shi X, Yu J. Interleukin-33 Reinvigorates Antiviral Function of Viral-Specific CD8 + T Cells in Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection. Viral Immunol 2021; 35:41-49. [PMID: 34818081 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2021.0140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Restoration of exhausted hepatitis B virus (HBV)-specific CD8+ T cells is one of the important strategies for inhibition of viral replication. The role of interleukin (IL)-33 to recovery of CD8+ T cell activity is not fully elucidated. We investigated the effect of IL-33 on viral-specific CD8+ T cell responses in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients in vitro by both phenotypic and functional analysis. Plasma IL-33 was downregulated in CHB patients, while effective antiviral therapy rescued IL-33 expression. There was no significant difference of IL-33 receptor mRNA relative level in CD8+ T cells between CHB patients and controls. IL-33 induced the proliferation of HBV-specific CD8+ T cells, and reduced programmed death-1 expression on HBV-specific CD8+ T cells. IL-33 promoted the direct cytolytic activity of CD8+ T cells against HepG2.2.15 cells through boosting perforin and granzyme B production. Furthermore, IL-33 administration increased HBV-specific CD8+ T cell-mediated HBV replication and HBV antigen secretion mainly via enhancement of interferon-γ and tumor necrosis factor-α. IL-33 reinvigorated antiviral activity of HBV-specific CD8+ T cells, revealing that IL-33 might contribute to viral clearance in persistent HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- The First Operating Room, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Tao Yu
- Neurosurgical Intensive Care Unit, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaoju Shi
- Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Department, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jing Yu
- The First Operating Room, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Liu O, Xu J, Wang F, Jin W, Zanvit P, Wang D, Goldberg N, Cain A, Guo N, Han Y, Bynum A, Ma G, Wang S, Tang Z, Chen W. Adipose-mesenchymal stromal cells suppress experimental Sjögren syndrome by IL-33-driven expansion of ST2 + regulatory T cells. iScience 2021; 24:102446. [PMID: 33997712 PMCID: PMC8105666 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (ADSCs) play important roles in the alleviation of inflammation and autoimmune diseases. Interleukin-33 (IL-33), a member of the IL-1 family, has been shown to regulate innate and adaptive immunity. However, it is still unknown whether ADSCs regulate immune responses via IL-33. We show here that ADSCs produced IL-33 in response to IL-1β stimulation, which depended on TAK1, ERK, and p38 pathways. ADSCs-derived IL-33 drove the proliferation of CD4+Foxp3+ST2+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) and alleviated experimental autoimmune Sjögren syndrome in mice. Importantly, human ADSCs also produced IL-33 in response to IL-1β. Thus, we have revealed a previously unrecognized immunoregulatory function of ADSCs by IL-33 production in experimental autoimmunity, which may have clinical applications for human immunopathology. Human and mouse ADSCs express IL-33 in response to IL-β stimulation mADSC-derived IL-33 inhibits inflammation in salivary glands in SS model mADSC-derived IL-33 expand ST2+ Tregs in vitro and in SS model
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Affiliation(s)
- Ousheng Liu
- Mucosal Immunology Section, NIDCR, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research & Hunan 3D Printing Engineering Research Center of Oral Care & Hunan Clinical Research Center of Oral Major Diseases and Oral Health & Xiangya Stomatological Hospital & Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Junji Xu
- Mucosal Immunology Section, NIDCR, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Fu Wang
- Mucosal Immunology Section, NIDCR, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Dalian Medical University, School of Stomatology, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Wenwen Jin
- Mucosal Immunology Section, NIDCR, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Peter Zanvit
- Mucosal Immunology Section, NIDCR, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Dandan Wang
- Mucosal Immunology Section, NIDCR, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Nathan Goldberg
- Mucosal Immunology Section, NIDCR, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Alexander Cain
- Mucosal Immunology Section, NIDCR, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Nancy Guo
- Mucosal Immunology Section, NIDCR, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yichen Han
- Mucosal Immunology Section, NIDCR, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Andrew Bynum
- Mucosal Immunology Section, NIDCR, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Guowu Ma
- Dalian Medical University, School of Stomatology, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Songlin Wang
- Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Zhangui Tang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research & Hunan 3D Printing Engineering Research Center of Oral Care & Hunan Clinical Research Center of Oral Major Diseases and Oral Health & Xiangya Stomatological Hospital & Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Wanjun Chen
- Mucosal Immunology Section, NIDCR, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Corresponding author
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14
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Gómez RM, Croce VH, Zernotti ME, Muiño JC. Active smoking effect in allergic rhinitis. World Allergy Organ J 2021; 14:100504. [PMID: 33510834 PMCID: PMC7816023 DOI: 10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tobacco smoke has been described as causing increased prevalence of rhinitis symptoms and decreased atopy. Furthermore, these nasal symptoms and quality of life in smokers with Allergic Rhinitis (AR) were not significantly different to non-smokers. As a result of this duality, a comparison study between the quality of life and inflammatory markers of atopy among active smokers and non-smokers having AR was put forward. Material and methods Cross-sectional study in adult smokers and non-smokers, with a clinical diagnosis of AR and positive Skin Prick Test (SPT). Smoking status was confirmed by salivary cotinine measurements. Functional respiratory evaluation was performed, and quality of life between groups was compared using Mini-RQLQ questionnaire. Immunological markers in serum and nasal washes (IgE, IL-4, IL 5, IL 13, IL 17, IL 33) were evaluated, while samples from a third group of passive smokers was incorporated for serological comparison exclusively. The statistical analysis included Student T test, x2, Mann Whitney U (Anova 2-way), and Kruskal Wallis for 3 groups analysis. Values of P < 0.05 were considered significant. Results Twenty-two patients per group with similar demographics and allergen sensitivity were studied. Regarding inflammatory markers, a reduction of IL 33 in the serum of smokers (P < 0.001) was the only statistically significant different parameter revealed, showing a remarkable trend in nasal lavage. Salivary cotinine levels were absolutely different (P < 0.0001), but pulmonary function evaluations were not statistically significant after multiple adjusting. There were no significant differences in quality of life parameters. Conclusions In our study of AR, active smokers do not demonstrate impaired nasal related quality of life or impact on atopic inflammatory parameters, compared to non-smokers. Reduced levels of IL33 could explain a lack of symptoms alerting smokers of the harmful consequences of smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Víctor Hugo Croce
- Pediatric Allergy Dept., Instituto Modelo Cardiología, Córdoba, Argentina
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15
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Li YQ, Zhong Y, Xiao XP, Li DD, Zhou Z, Tian YY. IL-33/ST2 axis promotes the inflammatory response of nasal mucosal epithelial cells through inducing the ERK1/2 pathway. Innate Immun 2020; 26:505-513. [PMID: 32456598 PMCID: PMC7491240 DOI: 10.1177/1753425920918911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a nasal mucosal inflammatory disease mediated by environmental allergens. At present, the relationship between the IL-33/ST2 axis, ERK1/2 pathway and AR progression needs further exploration. In our study, an AR model was constructed in vitro by treating HNEpC cells with Der p1. qRT-PCR was applied to assess the mRNA levels of IL-33, ST2, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-8. Western blotting was used to measure the protein levels of IL-33, ST2, and the downstream proteins p-ERK1/2, ERK1/2, p-RSK, and RSK. IL-6, IL-8, IL-33, and TNF-α protein levels in cell supernatants were evaluated by ELISA. Flow cytometry was performed to check cell apoptosis of HNEpC in the presence or absence of Der p1. Our results indicate that the relative levels of IL-33, ST2, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-8 were increased significantly in the AR model group. The above effects were notably reversed after transfection with shIL-33 or shST2. IL-33 stimulation further resulted in the increase in both ST2 and inflammation-associated cytokines, and these effects were restored after shST2 treatment. Also, the levels of inflammatory factors induced by IL-33 stimulation or ST2 overexpression were reversed after applying an ERK1/2 pathway blocker. In conclusion, IL-33/ST2 mediated inflammation of nasal mucosal epithelial cells by inducing the ERK1/2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Qiu Li
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, P.R. China
| | - Yu Zhong
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, P.R. China
| | - Xu-Ping Xiao
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, P.R. China
| | - Dan-Dan Li
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, P.R. China
| | - Zheng Zhou
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Yan Tian
- Chronic Disease Management Center of Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, P.R. China
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16
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Bergougnan C, Dittlein DC, Hümmer E, Riepl R, Eisenbart S, Böck D, Griesbaum L, Weigl A, Damialis A, Hartwig A, Neumann AU, Zenk J, Traidl-Hoffmann C, Gilles S. Physical and immunological barrier of human primary nasal epithelial cells from non-allergic and allergic donors. World Allergy Organ J 2020; 13:100109. [PMID: 32180893 PMCID: PMC7063333 DOI: 10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The epithelial cell-derived cytokine milieu has been discussed as a “master switch” in the development of allergic disease. To understand the role of innate immune response in nasal epithelial cells during allergic inflammation, we created and established a fast and minimally invasive method to isolate and culture human nasal epithelial cells from clinically and immunologically well characterized patients. Human nasal epithelial cells from non-atopic volunteers and from allergic rhinitis patients were compared in respect to their growth, barrier integrity, pattern recognition, receptor expression, and immune responses to allergens and an array of pathogen-associated molecular patterns and inflammasome activators. Cells from nasal scrapings were clearly identified as nasal epithelial cells by staining of pan-Cytokeratin, Cytokeratin-14 and Tubulin. Additionally, Mucin 5AC staining revealed the presence of goblet cells, while staining of tight-junction protein Claudin-1, Occludin and ZO-1 showed the ability of the cells to form a tight barrier. Cells of atopic donors grew slower than cells of non-atopic donors. All nasal epithelial cells expressed TLR1-6 and 9, yet the expression of TLR-9 was lower in cells from allergic rhinitis (AR) donors. Additionally, epithelial cells from AR donors responded with a different TLR expression pattern to stimulation with TLR ligands. TLR-3 was the most potent modulator of cytokine and chemokine secretion in all human nasal epithelial cells (HNECs). The secretion of IL-1β, CCL-5, IL-8, IL-18 and IL-33 was elevated in HNECs of AR donors as compared to cells of non-atopic donors. This was observed in the steady-state (IL-18, IL-33) as well as under stimulation with TLR ligands (IL-18, IL-33, CCL-5, IL-8), aqueous pollen extracts (IL-18, IL-33), or the inflammasome activator Nigericin (IL-1β). In conclusion, nasal epithelial cells of AR donors show altered physical barrier responses in steady-state and in response to allergen stimulation. Cells of AR donors show increased expression of pro-inflammatory and IL-1 family cytokines at baseline and under stimulation, which could contribute to a micromilieu which is favorable for Th2.
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Key Words
- ALI, Air liquid interphase
- APE, Aqueous pollen extract
- AR, Allergic rhinitis
- Allergic rhinitis
- HDM, House dust mite
- HNEC, Human nasal epithelial cell
- Inflammation
- LPS, Lipopolysaccharide from E. Coli K12 (TLR-4 ligand)
- MyD88, Myeloid differentiation primary response 88
- Nasal epithelium
- PAMP, Pathogen-associated molecular pattern
- PRR, Pattern recognition receptor
- Pattern recognition receptor
- Pollen
- PolyIC, Polyinosinic–polycytidylic acid (TLR-3 ligand)
- SAR, Seasonal allergic rhinitis
- SEM, Scanning electron microscopy
- TER, Transepithelial electrical resistance
- TLR, Toll-like receptor
- TRIF, TIR-domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon-β
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Bergougnan
- Chair and Institute of Environmental Medicine, UNIKA-T, Technical University of Munich and HelmholtzZentrum München, Augsburg, Germany.,Christine-Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-Care), Davos, Switzerland
| | - Daniela C Dittlein
- Chair and Institute of Environmental Medicine, UNIKA-T, Technical University of Munich and HelmholtzZentrum München, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Elke Hümmer
- Department of Otolaryngology, Augsburg University Medical School, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Rosalie Riepl
- Chair and Institute of Environmental Medicine, UNIKA-T, Technical University of Munich and HelmholtzZentrum München, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Selina Eisenbart
- Chair and Institute of Environmental Medicine, UNIKA-T, Technical University of Munich and HelmholtzZentrum München, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Dominik Böck
- Chair and Institute of Environmental Medicine, UNIKA-T, Technical University of Munich and HelmholtzZentrum München, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Lena Griesbaum
- Chair and Institute of Environmental Medicine, UNIKA-T, Technical University of Munich and HelmholtzZentrum München, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Anna Weigl
- Chair and Institute of Environmental Medicine, UNIKA-T, Technical University of Munich and HelmholtzZentrum München, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Athanasios Damialis
- Chair and Institute of Environmental Medicine, UNIKA-T, Technical University of Munich and HelmholtzZentrum München, Augsburg, Germany
| | | | - Avidan U Neumann
- Chair and Institute of Environmental Medicine, UNIKA-T, Technical University of Munich and HelmholtzZentrum München, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Zenk
- Department of Otolaryngology, Augsburg University Medical School, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Traidl-Hoffmann
- Chair and Institute of Environmental Medicine, UNIKA-T, Technical University of Munich and HelmholtzZentrum München, Augsburg, Germany.,Christine-Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-Care), Davos, Switzerland
| | - Stefanie Gilles
- Chair and Institute of Environmental Medicine, UNIKA-T, Technical University of Munich and HelmholtzZentrum München, Augsburg, Germany
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17
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Ueha R, Ueha S, Kondo K, Nishijima H, Yamasoba T. Effects of Cigarette Smoke on the Nasal Respiratory and Olfactory Mucosa in Allergic Rhinitis Mice. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:126. [PMID: 32132898 PMCID: PMC7040099 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Cigarette smoke (CS) exposure reportedly enhances allergic airway inflammation. However, some studies have shown an association between current cigarette smoke exposure and a low risk for allergic rhinitis. Thus, the impact of CS exposure on allergic rhinitis remains poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of CS on the respiratory mucosa (RM) and the olfactory epithelium (OE) of mice with allergic rhinitis, as the effects may differ depending on the nasal histological compartments. Methods Eight-week-old male BALB/c mice were used for this study. We developed a mouse model of smoking by intranasally administering 10 doses of a CS solution (CSS), and a mouse model of allergic rhinitis by sensitization with intraperitoneal ovalbumin (OVA) injection and intranasal challenge with OVA. We examined the effects of CS on the nasal RM and OE in mice with or without allergic rhinitis using histological, serum, and genetic analyses. First, we examine whether CSS exposure induces allergic responses and then, examined allergic responses in the OVA-sensitized allergic rhinitis mice with or without CSS exposure. Results Short-term CSS administration intensified allergic responses including increased infiltration of eosinophils and inflammatory cells and upregulation of interleukin-5 expression in the nasal RM of OVA-immunized mice, although only CSS induced neither allergic responses nor impairment of the RM and OE. Notably, repetitive OVA-immunization partially impaired the OE in the upper-lateral area, but CSS administration did not reinforce this impairment in OVA-induced allergic mice. Conclusion Short-term CSS exposure strengthened allergic responses in the nasal RM and did not change the structure of the OE. These results suggest that patients with allergic rhinitis could experience exacerbation of allergic symptoms after CS exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rumi Ueha
- Department of Otolaryngology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ueha
- Division of Molecular Regulation of Inflammatory and Immune Diseases, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kenji Kondo
- Department of Otolaryngology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Tatsuya Yamasoba
- Department of Otolaryngology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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18
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Yoshizaki T, Itoh S, Yamaguchi S, Numata T, Nambu A, Kimura N, Suto H, Okumura K, Sudo K, Yamaguchi A, Nakae S. IL-25 exacerbates autoimmune aortitis in IL-1 receptor antagonist-deficient mice. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17067. [PMID: 31745167 PMCID: PMC6864066 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53633-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
IL-25, a member of the IL-17 family of cytokines, is known to enhance type 2 immune responses, but suppress type 3 (IL-17A)-mediated immune responses. Mice deficient in IL-1 receptor antagonist (Il1rn−/− mice) have excessive IL-1 signaling, resulting in spontaneous development of IL-1–, TNF– and IL-17A–dependent aortitis. We found that expression of II25 mRNA was increased in the aortae of Il1rn−/− mice, suggesting that IL-25 may suppress development of IL-1–, TNF– and IL-17A–dependent aortitis in Il1rn−/− mice by inhibiting type 3-mediated immune responses. However, we unexpectedly found that Il25−/−Il1rn−/− mice showed attenuated development of aortitis, accompanied by reduced accumulation of inflammatory cells such as dendritic cells, macrophages and neutrophils and reduced mRNA expression of Il17a and Tnfa—but not Il4 or Il13—in local lesions compared with Il1rn−/− mice. Tissue–, but not immune cell–, derived IL-25 was crucial for development of aortitis. IL-25 enhanced IL-1β and TNF production by IL-25 receptor–expressing dendritic cells and macrophages, respectively, at inflammatory sites of aortae of Il1rn−/− mice, contributing to exacerbation of development of IL-1–, TNF– and IL-17A–dependent aortitis in those mice. Our findings suggest that neutralization of IL-25 may be a potential therapeutic target for aortitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takamichi Yoshizaki
- Laboratory of Systems Biology, Center for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan.,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama, 330-8503, Japan
| | - Satoshi Itoh
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama, 330-8503, Japan
| | - Sachiko Yamaguchi
- Laboratory of Systems Biology, Center for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Takafumi Numata
- Laboratory of Systems Biology, Center for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan.,Department of Dermatology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, 160-0023, Japan
| | - Aya Nambu
- Laboratory of Systems Biology, Center for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Kimura
- Laboratory of Systems Biology, Center for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan.,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama, 330-8503, Japan
| | - Hajime Suto
- Atopy Research Center, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8412, Japan
| | - Ko Okumura
- Atopy Research Center, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8412, Japan
| | - Katsuko Sudo
- Animal Research Center, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, 160-8402, Japan
| | - Atsushi Yamaguchi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama, 330-8503, Japan
| | - Susumu Nakae
- Laboratory of Systems Biology, Center for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan. .,Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan.
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19
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Allinne J, Scott G, Lim WK, Birchard D, Erjefält JS, Sandén C, Ben LH, Agrawal A, Kaur N, Kim JH, Kamat V, Fury W, Huang T, Stahl N, Yancopoulos GD, Murphy AJ, Sleeman MA, Orengo JM. IL-33 blockade affects mediators of persistence and exacerbation in a model of chronic airway inflammation. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2019; 144:1624-1637.e10. [PMID: 31562870 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2019.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe inflammatory airway diseases are associated with inflammation that does not resolve, leading to structural changes and an overall environment primed for exacerbations. OBJECTIVE We sought to identify and inhibit pathways that perpetuate this heightened inflammatory state because this could lead to therapies that allow for a more quiescent lung that is less predisposed to symptoms and exacerbations. METHODS Using prolonged exposure to house dust mite in mice, we developed a mouse model of persistent and exacerbating airway disease characterized by a mixed inflammatory phenotype. RESULTS We show that lung IL-33 drives inflammation and remodeling beyond the type 2 response classically associated with IL-33 signaling. IL-33 blockade with an IL-33 neutralizing antibody normalized established inflammation and improved remodeling of both the lung epithelium and lung parenchyma. Specifically, IL-33 blockade normalized persisting and exacerbating inflammatory end points, including eosinophilic, neutrophilic, and ST2+CD4+ T-cell infiltration. Importantly, we identified a key role for IL-33 in driving lung remodeling because anti-IL-33 also re-established the presence of ciliated cells over mucus-producing cells and decreased myofibroblast numbers, even in the context of continuous allergen exposure, resulting in improved lung function. CONCLUSION Overall, this study shows that increased IL-33 levels drive a self-perpetuating amplification loop that maintains the lung in a state of lasting inflammation and remodeled tissue primed for exacerbations. Thus IL-33 blockade might ameliorate symptoms and prevent exacerbations by quelling persistent inflammation and airway remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jonas S Erjefält
- Unit of Airway Inflammation, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Medetect AB, Lund, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Wen Fury
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY
| | | | - Neil Stahl
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY
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20
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Lin L, Wei J, Chen Z, Tang X, Dai F, Sun G. Intervention of Orai1 Influences the Response of Nuocytes From Allergic Rhinitis Mice to IL-33. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2019; 128:838-847. [PMID: 31043056 DOI: 10.1177/0003489419846142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Nuocytes are essential in innate type-2 immunity and contribute to the exacerbation of allergic rhinitis (AR). This study aimed to evaluate the intervention of Orai1 on the response of nuocytes from AR mice to interleukin (IL)-33. METHODS We established a murine model of AR. Nuocytes were obtained from the mouse nasal-associated lymphoid tissue. Then, we assessed expressions of Orai1, Ca2+ mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) in nuocytes, and their cellular response to mouse recombinant (rm) IL-33. After that, we administered rmlentivirus vectors (lenti) that encoded small hairpin RNA (shRNA) against ORAI1 (lenti-ORAI1) into nuocytes cultures and again evaluated Orai1 and Ca2+ MFI in nuocytes and their response to rmIL-33. Finally, we adoptively transferred nuocytes alone or nuocytes transfected by lenti or lenti-ORAI1 to AR models to investigate their roles during allergic inflammation. RESULTS We showed that Orai1 and Ca2+ MFI were upregulated in AR mice nuocytes. These cells were induced to produce more IL-5 and IL-13 by rmIL-33. However, the intervention of Orai1 by lenti-ORAI1 in nuocytes decreased Orai1 and Ca2+ MFI and reduced productions of aforementioned cytokines even after the administration of rmIL-33. Numbers of sneezing, nasal rubbing, and counts of eosinophils were all enhanced after the adoptive transfer of nuocytes. Concentrations of IL-5, IL-13, and IL-33 in the nasal lavage fluid (NLF) of allergic mice were also increased. However, the adoptive transfer of nuocytes transfected by lenti-ORAI1 decreased aforementioned parameters. CONCLUSION These findings show that the intervention of Orai1 in nuocytes influences the response of nuocytes to rmIL-33.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Lin
- 1 Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinjin Wei
- 1 Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng Chen
- 1 Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyue Tang
- 1 Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Dai
- 1 Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guangbin Sun
- 1 Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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21
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Drake LY, Squillace D, Iijima K, Kobayashi T, Uchida M, Kephart GM, Britt R, O'Brien DR, Kita H. Early Life Represents a Vulnerable Time Window for IL-33-Induced Peripheral Lung Pathology. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 203:1952-1960. [PMID: 31471525 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
IL-33, an IL-1 family cytokine, is constitutively expressed in mucosal tissues and other organs in healthy humans and animals, and expression levels increase in inflammatory conditions. Although IL-33-mediated promotion of type 2 immune responses has been well established, a gap in our knowledge regarding the functional diversity of this pleiotropic cytokine remains. To address this gap, we developed a new IL-33 transgenic mouse model in which overexpression of full-length IL-33 is induced in lung epithelial cells under conditional control. In adult mice, an ∼3-fold increase in the steady-state IL-33 levels produced no pathologic effects in the lungs. When exposed to airborne allergens, adult transgenic mice released more IL-33 extracellularly and exhibited robust type 2 immune responses. In neonatal transgenic mice, up to postnatal day 14, a similar increase in steady-state IL-33 levels resulted in increased mortality, enlarged alveolar spaces resembling bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and altered expression of genes associated with tissue morphogenesis. Processed 25-kDa IL-33 protein was detected in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids without any exogenous stimuli, and pathologic changes were abolished in mice deficient in the IL-33 receptor ST2. These findings suggest that adult lungs are relatively resistant to IL-33 overexpression unless they encounter environmental insults, whereas developing lungs are highly susceptible, with IL-33 overexpression resulting in detrimental and pathologic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Y Drake
- Division of Allergic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905
| | - Diane Squillace
- Division of Allergic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905
| | - Koji Iijima
- Division of Allergic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905
| | - Takao Kobayashi
- Division of Allergic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905
| | - Masaru Uchida
- Division of Allergic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905
| | - Gail M Kephart
- Division of Allergic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905
| | - Rodney Britt
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905
| | - Daniel R O'Brien
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905; and
| | - Hirohito Kita
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905
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22
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Gasiuniene E, Janulaityte I, Zemeckiene Z, Barkauskiene D, Sitkauskiene B. Elevated levels of interleukin-33 are associated with allergic and eosinophilic asthma. Scand J Immunol 2019; 89:e12724. [PMID: 30303258 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
IL-33 is a recently discovered cytokine which plays an important role in asthma pathogenesis. AIM To evaluate serum IL-33 in patients with asthma and healthy controls, and to evaluate the association of IL-33 with different asthma phenotypes. METHODS Patients with asthma (n = 115) and healthy subjects (n = 85) were included in the study. Subjects with asthma were divided into groups according to their phenotype: allergic/non-allergic, eosinophilic/non-eosinophilic, obese/non-obese and severity according to GINA (mild, moderate and severe). The concentration of IL-33 in serum was measured by standardized enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS The level of IL-33 was significantly higher in patients with asthma when compared to healthy subjects (672.73 ± 104.47 pg/mL vs 268.52 ± 27.56 pg/mL, P < 0.05). IL-33 was also higher in the allergic asthma group patients when compared to non-allergic asthmatics (844.61 ± 152.08 pg/mL vs 369.56 ± 77.94 pg/mL, P < 0.05). There was a significantly higher serum IL-33 level in the eosinophilic asthma group when compared to the group of non-eosinophilic asthma patients (1001.10 ± 199.11 pg/mL vs 337.49 ± 72.68 pg/mL, P < 0.01). We did not find a significant difference in serum IL-33 level between different asthma severity groups, obese and non-obese asthmatics. CONCLUSION IL-33 is increased in asthma patients, particularly in some phenotypes: allergic asthma and eosinophilic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edita Gasiuniene
- Department of Immunology and Allergology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Ieva Janulaityte
- Department of Pulmonology, Laboratory of Pulmonology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Zivile Zemeckiene
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Diana Barkauskiene
- Department of Pulmonology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Brigita Sitkauskiene
- Department of Immunology and Allergology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
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23
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IL-33, IL-25 and TSLP contribute to development of fungal-associated protease-induced innate-type airway inflammation. Sci Rep 2018; 8:18052. [PMID: 30575775 PMCID: PMC6303299 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36440-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Certain proteases derived from house dust mites and plants are considered to trigger initiation of allergic airway inflammation by disrupting tight junctions between epithelial cells. It is known that inhalation of proteases such as house dust mite-derived Der p1 and/or papaya-derived papain caused airway eosinophilia in naïve mice and even in Rag-deficient mice that lack acquired immune cells such as T, B and NKT cells. In contrast, little is known regarding the possible involvement of proteases derived from Aspergillus species (fungal-associated proteases; FAP), which are ubiquitous saprophytic fungi in the environment, in the development of allergic airway eosinophilia. Here, we found that inhalation of FAP by naïve mice led to airway eosinophilia that was dependent on protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR2), but not TLR2 and TLR4. Those findings suggest that the protease activity of FAP, but not endotoxins in FAP, are important in the setting. In addition, development of that eosinophilia was mediated by innate immune cells (ILCs) such as innate lymphoid cells, but not by acquired immune cells such as T, B and NKT cells. Whereas IL-33, IL-25 and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) are involved in induction of FAP-induced ILC-mediated airway eosinophilia, IL-33-rather than IL-25 and/or TSLP-was critical for the eosinophilia in our model. Our findings improve our understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in induction of airway inflammation by FAP.
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O'Leary CE, Schneider C, Locksley RM. Tuft Cells-Systemically Dispersed Sensory Epithelia Integrating Immune and Neural Circuitry. Annu Rev Immunol 2018; 37:47-72. [PMID: 30379593 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-042718-041505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Tuft cells-rare solitary chemosensory cells in mucosal epithelia-are undergoing intense scientific scrutiny fueled by recent discovery of unsuspected connections to type 2 immunity. These cells constitute a conduit by which ligands from the external space are sensed via taste-like signaling pathways to generate outputs unique among epithelial cells: the cytokine IL-25, eicosanoids associated with allergic immunity, and the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. The classic type II taste cell transcription factor POU2F3 is lineage defining, suggesting a conceptualization of these cells as widely distributed environmental sensors with effector functions interfacing type 2 immunity and neural circuits. Increasingly refined single-cell analytics have revealed diversity among tuft cells that extends from nasal epithelia and type II taste cells to ex-Aire-expressing medullary thymic cells and small-intestine cells that mediate tissue remodeling in response to colonizing helminths and protists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire E O'Leary
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, USA; , ,
| | - Christoph Schneider
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, USA; , ,
| | - Richard M Locksley
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, USA; , , .,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, USA.,University of California, San Francisco, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
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25
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Kotsiou OS, Gourgoulianis KI, Zarogiannis SG. IL-33/ST2 Axis in Organ Fibrosis. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2432. [PMID: 30405626 PMCID: PMC6207585 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin 33 (IL-33) is highly expressed in barrier sites, acting via the suppression of tumorigenicity 2 receptor (ST2). IL-33/ST2 axis has long been known to play a pivotal role in immunity and cell homeostasis by promoting wound healing and tissue repair. However, it is also involved in the loss of balance between extensive inflammation and tissue regeneration lead to remodeling, the hallmark of fibrosis. The aim of the current review is to critically evaluate the available evidence regarding the role of the IL-33/ST2 axis in organ fibrosis. The role of the axis in tissue remodeling is better understood considering its crucial role reported in organ development and regeneration. Generally, the IL-33/ST2 signaling pathway has mainly anti-inflammatory/anti-proliferative effects; however, chronic tissue injury is responsible for pro-fibrogenetic responses. Regarding pulmonary fibrosis mature IL-33 enhances pro-fibrogenic type 2 cytokine production in an ST2- and macrophage-dependent manner, while full-length IL-33 is also implicated in the pulmonary fibrotic process in an ST2-independent, Th2-independent fashion. In liver fibrosis, evidence indicate that when acute and massive liver damage occurs, the release of IL-33 might act as an activator of tissue-protective mechanisms, while in cases of chronic injury IL-33 plays the role of a hepatic fibrotic factor. IL-33 signaling has also been involved in the pathogenesis of acute and chronic pancreatitis. Moreover, IL-33 could be used as an early marker for ulcer-associated activated fibroblasts and myofibroblast trans-differentiation; thus one cannot rule out its potential role in inflammatory bowel disease-associated fibrosis. Similarly, the upregulation of the IL-33/ST2 axismay contribute to tubular cell injury and fibrosis via epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) of various cell types in the kidneys. Of note, IL-33 exerts a cardioprotective role via ST2 signaling, while soluble ST2 has been demonstrated as a marker of myocardial fibrosis. Finally, IL-33 is a crucial cytokine in skin pathology responsible for abnormal fibroblast proliferation, leukocyte infiltration and morphologic differentiation of human endothelial cells. Overall, emerging data support a novel contribution of the IL-33/ST2 pathway in tissue fibrosis and highlight the significant role of the Th2 pattern of immune response in the pathophysiology of organ fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ourania S. Kotsiou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, BIOPOLIS, Larissa, Greece
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, BIOPOLIS, Larissa, Greece
| | - Konstantinos I. Gourgoulianis
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, BIOPOLIS, Larissa, Greece
| | - Sotirios G. Zarogiannis
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, BIOPOLIS, Larissa, Greece
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, BIOPOLIS, Larissa, Greece
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Recent studies have highlighted the role of alarmins in asthma pathophysiology and tested the roles of these cytokines in asthmatic patients. This review will discuss the recent advances in the role of alarmins in asthma and the potential of future targeted therapies in asthma. RECENT FINDINGS Epithelial-derived cytokines can be released upon exposure to external stimuli, causing damage to the epithelial barrier and resulting in tissue inflammation. Of these cytokines, IL-25, IL-33 and thymic stromal lymphopoeitin (TSLP), have been associated with asthma. These alarmins are all not only overexpressed in asthmatic airways, particularly in airway epithelial cells, but also in other structural and immune cells. Furthermore, all three alarmins drive type-2 pro-inflammatory responses in several immune cells that have been identified as key players in the pathogenesis of asthma, including innate lymphoid type-2 cells. Clinical trials testing therapeutics that block pathways of the alarmins are in progress. SUMMARY To-date, only TSLP blockade has been reported in human clinical trials, and this approach has shown efficacy in asthmatic patients. Current body of evidence suggests that alarmins are useful upstream targets for treatment of asthma.
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27
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Drake LY, Kita H. IL-33: biological properties, functions, and roles in airway disease. Immunol Rev 2018; 278:173-184. [PMID: 28658560 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-33 is a key cytokine involved in type 2 immunity and allergic airway diseases. Abundantly expressed in lung epithelial cells, IL-33 plays critical roles in both innate and adaptive immune responses in mucosal organs. In innate immunity, IL-33 and group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) provide an essential axis for rapid immune responses and tissue homeostasis. In adaptive immunity, IL-33 interacts with dendritic cells, Th2 cells, follicular T cells, and regulatory T cells, where IL-33 influences the development of chronic airway inflammation and tissue remodeling. The clinical findings that both the IL-33 and ILC2 levels are elevated in patients with allergic airway diseases suggest that IL-33 plays an important role in the pathogenesis of these diseases. IL-33 and ILC2 may also serve as biomarkers for disease classification and to monitor the progression of diseases. In this article, we reviewed the current knowledge of the biology of IL-33 and discussed the roles of the IL-33 in regulating airway immune responses and allergic airway diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yin Drake
- Division of Allergic Diseases and Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Hirohito Kita
- Division of Allergic Diseases and Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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28
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Cayrol C, Girard JP. Interleukin-33 (IL-33): A nuclear cytokine from the IL-1 family. Immunol Rev 2017; 281:154-168. [DOI: 10.1111/imr.12619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 401] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Corinne Cayrol
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale; IPBS; Université de Toulouse; CNRS; UPS; Toulouse France
| | - Jean-Philippe Girard
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale; IPBS; Université de Toulouse; CNRS; UPS; Toulouse France
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29
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IL-25 Could Be Involved in the Development of Allergic Rhinitis Sensitized to House Dust Mite. Mediators Inflamm 2017; 2017:3908049. [PMID: 28912627 PMCID: PMC5587973 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3908049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2017] [Revised: 06/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE When house dust mite (HDM), a common allergen, comes into the mucosal membrane, it may stimulate innate immunity. However, the precise role of interleukin- (IL-) 25 in the development of HDM-induced nasal allergic inflammation is still unclear. Therefore, we investigated the role of IL-25 in allergic rhinitis (AR) patients sensitized to HDM. METHODS To confirm the production of IL-25 in human nasal epithelial cells (HNECs), we stimulated HNECs. IL-25 expression in the nasal mucosa from control, non-AR (NAR) patients, and HDM-sensitized AR patients was assessed using immunohistochemistry, and quantitative reverse transcription PCR. Correlations between IL-25 and other inflammatory markers were explored. RESULTS An in vitro study showed significantly elevated concentrations of IL-25 in the HNEC samples with highest doses of HDM. Nasal tissues from AR patients sensitized to HDM showed significantly higher IL-25 expression, compared to those from the control or NAR patients. Moreover, the expression of IL-25 in nasal tissues from AR patients sensitized to HDM was positively associated with Th2 markers, such as ECP and GATA3. CONCLUSIONS IL-25 expression increased with high-dose HDM stimulation and was related to Th2 markers. Therefore, IL-25 neutralization might offer a new strategy for treating patients with HDM-sensitized AR.
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30
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Johnston LK, Bryce PJ. Understanding Interleukin 33 and Its Roles in Eosinophil Development. Front Med (Lausanne) 2017; 4:51. [PMID: 28512632 PMCID: PMC5411415 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2017.00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last decade, significant interest in the contribution of three “epithelial-derived cytokines,” such as thymic stromal lymphopoietin, interleukin 25, and interleukin 33 (IL-33), has developed. These cytokines have been strongly linked to the early events that occur during allergen exposures and how they contribute to the subsequent type 2 immune response. Of these three cytokines, IL-33 has proven particularly interesting because of the strong associations found between both it and its receptor, ST2, in several genome-wide association studies of allergic diseases. Further work has demonstrated clear mechanisms through which this cytokine might orchestrate allergic inflammation, including activation of several key effector cells that possess high ST2 levels, including mast cells, basophils, innate lymphoid cells, and eosinophils. Despite this, controversies surrounding IL-33 seem to suggest the biology of this cytokine might not be as simple as current dogmas suggest including: the relevant cellular sources of IL-33, with significant evidence for inducible expression in some hematopoietic cells; the mechanistic contributions of nuclear localization vs secretion; secretion and processing mechanisms; and the biological consequences of IL-33 exposure on different cell types. In this review, we will address the evidence for IL-33 and ST2 regulation over eosinophils and how this may contribute to allergic diseases. In particular, we focus on the accumulating evidence for a role of IL-33 in regulating hematopoiesis and how this relates to eosinophils as well as how this may provide new concepts for how the progression of allergy is regulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura K Johnston
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy-Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Paul J Bryce
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy-Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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31
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Kale SL, Agrawal K, Gaur SN, Arora N. Cockroach protease allergen induces allergic airway inflammation via epithelial cell activation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42341. [PMID: 28198394 PMCID: PMC5309839 DOI: 10.1038/srep42341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Protease allergens are known to enhance allergic inflammation but their exact role in initiation of allergic reactions at mucosal surfaces still remains elusive. This study was aimed at deciphering the role of serine protease activity of Per a 10, a major cockroach allergen in initiation of allergic inflammation at mucosal surfaces. We demonstrate that Per a 10 increases epithelial permeability by disruption of tight junction proteins, ZO-1 and occludin, and enhances the migration of Monocyte derived dendritic cell precursors towards epithelial layer as exhibited by trans-well studies. Per a 10 exposure also leads to secretion of IL-33, TSLP and intracellular Ca2+ dependent increase in ATP levels. Further, in vivo experiments revealed that Per a 10 administration in mice elevated allergic inflammatory parameters along with high levels of IL-33, TSLP, IL-1α and uric acid in the mice lungs. We next demonstrated that Per a 10 cleaves CD23 (low affinity IgE receptor) from the surface of PBMCs and purified B cells and CD25 (IL-2 receptor) from the surface of PBMCs and purified T cells in an activity dependent manner, which might favour Th2 responses. In conclusion, protease activity of Per a 10 plays a significant role in initiation of allergic airway inflammation at the mucosal surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagar L Kale
- Allergy and Immunology Section, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi University Campus, Mall road, Delhi-110007, India
| | - Komal Agrawal
- Allergy and Immunology Section, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi University Campus, Mall road, Delhi-110007, India
| | - Shailendra Nath Gaur
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Naveen Arora
- Allergy and Immunology Section, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi University Campus, Mall road, Delhi-110007, India
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32
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Zoltowska AM, Lei Y, Fuchs B, Rask C, Adner M, Nilsson GP. The interleukin-33 receptor ST2 is important for the development of peripheral airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammation in a house dust mite mouse model of asthma. Clin Exp Allergy 2016; 46:479-90. [PMID: 26609909 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several clinical and experimental studies have implicated IL-33 and its receptor ST2 in the development of asthma. However, the effect of IL-33/ST2 signalling on airway responses and inflammation in allergic asthma is not well established. OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of IL-33/ST2 signalling in promoting allergen-induced airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), airway inflammation, antigen-specific IgE production and mast cell activity in a mouse model of asthma. METHODS ST2-deficient (ST2(-/-)) mice and control BALB/c mice were given house dust mite (HDM) extract over a 6-week period. Forty-eight hours after the final HDM administration, lung function and airway inflammation were evaluated. Airway responsiveness was determined in the central airways and peripheral lung. Cellular infiltration and mast cell protease mMCP-1 levels were quantified in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Recruitment of inflammatory cells and inflammatory cytokine profiles were assessed in pulmonary tissue, and HDM-specific IgE was measured in serum. RESULTS ST2 deficiency diminished HDM-induced AHR in the peripheral lung, while AHR in the central airways was unaffected. Inflammatory responses to HDM were also reduced in ST2(-/-) mice as reflected by the lower induction of HDM-specific serum IgE, inhibition of HDM-induced eosinophilia and reduced macrophage count in BALF, and a diminished influx of inflammatory cells and reduced goblet cell hyperplasia around the peripheral airways. Furthermore, the levels of the inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-5, IL-13, IL-33, GM-CSF, thymic stromal lymphopoietin and mast cell protease mMCP-1 were reduced in HDM-treated ST2(-/-) mice compared with wild-type controls. CONCLUSIONS In addition to promoting Th2 inflammation, we now suggest a role for the IL-33/ST2 pathway for the induction of peripheral inflammation and mucus production that causes AHR in the peripheral lung. This mechanism for inducing AHR at distal parts of the lung may be of specific importance as asthma is considered as a small airway disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Zoltowska
- Clinical Immunology and Allergy Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Y Lei
- Clinical Immunology and Allergy Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - B Fuchs
- Clinical Immunology and Allergy Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Centre for Allergy Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - C Rask
- ALK-Abelló, Hoersholm, Denmark
| | - M Adner
- Centre for Allergy Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - G P Nilsson
- Clinical Immunology and Allergy Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Centre for Allergy Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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33
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Paranjape A, Chernushevich O, Qayum AA, Spence AJ, Taruselli MT, Abebayehu D, Barnstein BO, McLeod JJA, Baker B, Bajaj GS, Chumanevich AP, Oskeritzian CA, Ryan JJ. Dexamethasone rapidly suppresses IL-33-stimulated mast cell function by blocking transcription factor activity. J Leukoc Biol 2016; 100:1395-1404. [PMID: 27443878 PMCID: PMC5109997 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.3a0316-125r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells are critical effectors of allergic disease and can be activated by IL-33, a proinflammatory member of the IL-1 cytokine family. IL-33 worsens the pathology of mast cell-mediated diseases, but therapies to antagonize IL-33 are still forthcoming. Because steroids are the mainstay of allergic disease treatment and are well known to suppress mast cell activation by other stimuli, we examined the effects of the steroid dexamethasone on IL-33-mediated mast cell function. We found that dexamethasone potently and rapidly suppressed cytokine production elicited by IL-33 from murine bone marrow-derived and peritoneal mast cells. IL-33 enhances IgE-mediated mast cell cytokine production, an activity that was also antagonized by dexamethasone. These effects were consistent in human mast cells. We additionally observed that IL-33 augmented migration of IgE-sensitized mast cells toward antigen. This enhancing effect was similarly reversed by dexamethasone. Simultaneous addition of dexamethasone with IL-33 had no effect on the phosphorylation of MAP kinases or NFκB p65 subunit; however, dexamethasone antagonized AP-1- and NFκB-mediated transcriptional activity. Intraperitoneal administration of dexamethasone completely abrogated IL-33-mediated peritoneal neutrophil recruitment and prevented plasma IL-6 elevation. These data demonstrate that steroid therapy may be an effective means of antagonizing the effects of IL-33 on mast cells in vitro and in vivo, acting partly by suppressing IL-33-induced NFκB and AP-1 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuya Paranjape
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA; and
| | - Oksana Chernushevich
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA; and
| | - Amina Abdul Qayum
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA; and
| | - Andrew J Spence
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA; and
| | - Marcela T Taruselli
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA; and
| | - Daniel Abebayehu
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA; and
| | - Brian O Barnstein
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA; and
| | | | - Bianca Baker
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA; and
| | - Gurjas S Bajaj
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA; and
| | - Alena P Chumanevich
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Carole A Oskeritzian
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - John J Ryan
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA; and
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34
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Johnston LK, Hsu CL, Krier-Burris RA, Chhiba KD, Chien KB, McKenzie A, Berdnikovs S, Bryce PJ. IL-33 Precedes IL-5 in Regulating Eosinophil Commitment and Is Required for Eosinophil Homeostasis. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2016; 197:3445-3453. [PMID: 27683753 PMCID: PMC5101160 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Eosinophils are important in the pathogenesis of many diseases, including asthma, eosinophilic esophagitis, and eczema. Whereas IL-5 is crucial for supporting mature eosinophils (EoMs), the signals that support earlier eosinophil lineage events are less defined. The IL-33R, ST2, is expressed on several inflammatory cells, including eosinophils, and is best characterized for its role during the initiation of allergic responses in peripheral tissues. Recently, ST2 expression was described on hematopoietic progenitor subsets, where its function remains controversial. Our findings demonstrate that IL-33 is required for basal eosinophil homeostasis, because both IL-33- and ST2-deficient mice exhibited diminished peripheral blood eosinophil numbers at baseline. Exogenous IL-33 administration increased EoMs in both the bone marrow and the periphery in wild-type and IL-33-deficient, but not ST2-deficient, mice. Systemic IL-5 was also increased under this treatment, and blocking IL-5 with a neutralizing Ab ablated the IL-33-induced EoM expansion. The homeostatic hypereosinophilia seen in IL-5-transgenic mice was significantly lower with ST2 deficiency despite similar elevations in systemic IL-5. Finally, in vitro treatment of bone marrow cells with IL-33, but not IL-5, led to specific early expansion of IL-5Rα-expressing precursor cells. In summary, our findings establish a basal defect in eosinophilopoiesis in IL-33- and ST2-deficient mice and a mechanism whereby IL-33 supports EoMs by driving both systemic IL-5 production and the expansion of IL-5Rα-expressing precursor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura K Johnston
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60610; and
| | - Chia-Lin Hsu
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60610; and
| | - Rebecca A Krier-Burris
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60610; and
| | - Krishan D Chhiba
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60610; and
| | - Karen B Chien
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60610; and
| | - Andrew McKenzie
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, United Kingdom
| | - Sergejs Berdnikovs
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60610; and
| | - Paul J Bryce
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60610; and
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35
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Hiraishi Y, Nambu A, Shibui A, Nakanishi W, Yamaguchi S, Morita H, Iikura M, McKenzie AN, Matsumoto K, Sudo K, Yamasoba T, Nagase T, Nakae S. TIM-3 is not essential for development of airway inflammation induced by house dust mite antigens. Allergol Int 2016; 65:459-465. [PMID: 27209052 PMCID: PMC5074363 DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2016.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background T cell immunoglobulin domain and mucin domain-containing molecule 3 (TIM-3), which is preferentially expressed on Th1 cells rather than Th2 cells, is considered to be a negative regulator of Th1 cell function. This suggests that TIM-3 indirectly enhances Th2-type immune responses by suppressing Th1 cell function. Methods To investigate TIM-3's possible involvement in Th2-type acute and chronic airway inflammation, wild-type and TIM-3-deficient (TIM-3−/−) mice were sensitized and challenged with a house dust mite (HDM) extract. Airway inflammation and the number of inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALFs) in the mice were determined by histological analysis and with a hemocytometer, respectively. Expression of mRNA in the lungs was determined by quantitative PCR, while the levels of cytokines in the BALFs and IgE in sera were determined by ELISA. Results Despite constitutive expression of TIM-3 mRNA in the lungs, the number of eosinophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALFs) and the score of pulmonary inflammation were comparable between wild-type and TIM-3−/− mice during both acute and chronic HDM-induced airway inflammation. On the other hand, the number of lymphocytes in the BALFs of TIM-3−/− mice was significantly increased compared with wild-type mice during HDM-induced chronic, but not acute, airway inflammation, while the levels of Th2 cytokines in the BALFs and HDM-specific IgG1 and IgG2a and total IgE in the sera were comparable in both groups. Conclusions Our findings indicate that, in mice, TIM-3 is not essential for development of HDM-induced acute or chronic allergic airway inflammation, although it appears to be involved in reduced lymphocyte recruitment during HDM-induced chronic allergic airway inflammation.
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36
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Abstract
Interleukin-33 (IL-33) - a member of the IL-1 family - was originally described as an inducer of type 2 immune responses, activating T helper 2 (TH2) cells and mast cells. Now, evidence is accumulating that IL-33 also potently stimulates group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s), regulatory T (Treg) cells, TH1 cells, CD8+ T cells and natural killer (NK) cells. This pleiotropic nature is reflected in the role of IL-33 in tissue and metabolic homeostasis, infection, inflammation, cancer and diseases of the central nervous system. In this Review, we highlight the molecular and cellular characteristics of IL-33, together with its major role in health and disease and the potential therapeutic implications of these findings in humans.
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Nakanishi W, Hiraishi Y, Yamaguchi S, Takamori A, Morita H, Matsumoto K, Saito H, Sudo K, Yamasoba T, Nakae S. TSLP receptor is not essential for house dust mite-induced allergic rhinitis in mice. Biochem Biophys Rep 2016; 7:119-123. [PMID: 28955898 PMCID: PMC5613305 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2016.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Revised: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
TSLP induces Th2 cytokine production by Th2 cells and various other types of cells, thereby contributing to Th2-type immune responses and development of allergic disorders. We found that house dust mite (HDM) extract induced TSLP production by nasal epithelial cells, suggesting that TSLP may be involved in development of HDM-induced allergic rhinitis (AR). To investigate that possibility in greater detail, wild-type and TSLP receptor-deficient (TSLPR-/-) mice on the C57BL/6J background were repeatedly treated intranasally with HDM extract. The frequency of sneezing, numbers of eosinophils and goblet cells, thickness of submucosal layers, serum levels of total IgE and HDM-specific IgG1, and levels of IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13 in the culture supernatants of HDM-stimulated LN cells were comparable in the two mouse strains. Those findings indicate that, in mice, TSLPR is not crucial for development of HDM-induced AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wakako Nakanishi
- Laboratory of Systems Biology, Center for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Hiraishi
- Laboratory of Systems Biology, Center for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sachiko Yamaguchi
- Laboratory of Systems Biology, Center for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayako Takamori
- Laboratory of Systems Biology, Center for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideaki Morita
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Matsumoto
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirohisa Saito
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsuko Sudo
- Animal Research Center, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Yamasoba
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Susumu Nakae
- Laboratory of Systems Biology, Center for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan
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Oh JE, Kim BC, Chang DH, Kwon M, Lee SY, Kang D, Kim JY, Hwang I, Yu JW, Nakae S, Lee HK. Dysbiosis-induced IL-33 contributes to impaired antiviral immunity in the genital mucosa. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:E762-71. [PMID: 26811463 PMCID: PMC4760794 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1518589113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Commensal microbiota are well known to play an important role in antiviral immunity by providing immune inductive signals; however, the consequence of dysbiosis on antiviral immunity remains unclear. We demonstrate that dysbiosis caused by oral antibiotic treatment directly impairs antiviral immunity following viral infection of the vaginal mucosa. Antibiotic-treated mice succumbed to mucosal herpes simplex virus type 2 infection more rapidly than water-fed mice, and also showed delayed viral clearance at the site of infection. However, innate immune responses, including type I IFN and proinflammatory cytokine production at infection sites, as well as induction of virus-specific CD4 and CD8 T-cell responses in draining lymph nodes, were not impaired in antibiotic-treated mice. By screening the factors controlling antiviral immunity, we found that IL-33, an alarmin released in response to tissue damage, was secreted from vaginal epithelium after the depletion of commensal microbiota. This cytokine suppresses local antiviral immunity by blocking the migration of effector T cells to the vaginal tissue, thereby inhibiting the production of IFN-γ, a critical cytokine for antiviral defense, at local infection sites. These findings provide insight into the mechanisms of homeostasis maintained by commensal bacteria, and reveal a deleterious consequence of dysbiosis in antiviral immune defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Eun Oh
- Laboratory of Host Defenses, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung-Chan Kim
- Korean Collection for Type Cultures, Biological Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Ho Chang
- Korean Collection for Type Cultures, Biological Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Meehyang Kwon
- Center for Bioanalysis, Division of Metrology for Quality of Life, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Young Lee
- Center for Bioanalysis, Division of Metrology for Quality of Life, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Dukjin Kang
- Center for Bioanalysis, Division of Metrology for Quality of Life, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Young Kim
- Division of Mass Spectrometry Research, Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Inhwa Hwang
- Department of Microbiology, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Je-Wook Yu
- Department of Microbiology, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Susumu Nakae
- Laboratory of Systems Biology, Center for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Heung Kyu Lee
- Laboratory of Host Defenses, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea;
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Lung-derived innate cytokines: new epigenetic targets of allergen-specific sublingual immunotherapy. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2016; 19:64-71. [PMID: 27096066 PMCID: PMC4823618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Sublingual allergen-specific immunotherapy is a safe and effective method for treatment of IgE-mediated respiratory allergies; however, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. This study was planned to test whether sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) can exert epigenetic mechanisms through which the airway allergic responses can be extinguished. MATERIALS AND METHODS BALB/c mice were sensitized intraperitoneally and challenged intranasally. Then, they received sublingual treatment with recombinant Che a 2 (rChe a 2), a major allergen of Chenopodium album. After SLIT, allergen-specific antibodies in sera, cytokine profiles of spleen cell cultures, mRNA and protein expression of lung-derived IL-33, IL-25, and TSLP (thymic stromal lymphopoietin), and histone modifications of these three genes were assessed. RESULTS Following Immunotherapy, systemic immune responses shifted from Th2 to Th1 profile as demonstrated by significant decrease in IgE and IL-4 and substantial increase in IgG2a and IFN-γ. At local site, mRNA and protein levels of lung-derived pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-33 and TSLP were markedly down-regulated following SLIT that was associated with marked enrichment of trimethylated lysine 27 of histone H3 at promoter regions of these two cytokines. CONCLUSION In our study, sublingual immunotherapy with recombinant allergen effectively attenuated allergic immune responses, at least partly, by induction of distinct histone modifications at specific loci. Additionally, the lung-derived pro-allergic cytokines IL-33 and TSLP could be promising mucosal candidates for either monitoring allergic conditions or therapeutic approaches.
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Molofsky AB, Savage AK, Locksley RM. Interleukin-33 in Tissue Homeostasis, Injury, and Inflammation. Immunity 2015; 42:1005-19. [PMID: 26084021 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2015.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 451] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-33 (IL-33) is a nuclear-associated cytokine of the IL-1 family originally described as a potent inducer of allergic type 2 immunity. IL-33 signals via the receptor ST2, which is highly expressed on group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) and T helper 2 (Th2) cells, thus underpinning its association with helminth infection and allergic pathology. Recent studies have revealed ST2 expression on subsets of regulatory T cells, and for a role for IL-33 in tissue homeostasis and repair that suggests previously unrecognized interactions within these cellular networks. IL-33 can participate in pathologic fibrotic reactions, or, in the setting of microbial invasion, can cooperate with inflammatory cytokines to promote responses by cytotoxic NK cells, Th1 cells, and CD8(+) T cells. Here, we highlight the regulation and function of IL-33 and ST2 and review their roles in homeostasis, damage, and inflammation, suggesting a conceptual framework for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ari B Molofsky
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, 94143-0795, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, 94143-0795, USA
| | - Adam K Savage
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, 94143-0795, USA; Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, 94143-0795, USA
| | - Richard M Locksley
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, 94143-0795, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, 94143-0795, USA; Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, 94143-0795, USA.
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Canbaz D, Utsch L, Logiantara A, van Ree R, van Rijt LS. IL-33 promotes the induction of immunoglobulin production after inhalation of house dust mite extract in mice. Allergy 2015; 70:522-32. [PMID: 25676669 DOI: 10.1111/all.12594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The initial immune response to house dust mite (HDM) is orchestrated by an interplay between epithelial cells (ECs) and dendritic cells (DCs). Innate cytokines released by HDM-exposed ECs activate airway DCs and effector inflammatory cells, which together induce a HDM-specific Th2 cell response. Here, we investigate the respective roles of DCs and IL-33 in sensitization to HDM. METHOD Balb/c mice were exposed via the airways to different HDM extracts, differing in at least endotoxin levels [Lotox (LT) and HiTox (HT)]. Alternatively, HDM-pulsed DCs in the presence or absence of additional LT-HDM, or administration of LT-HDM plus recombinant IL-33, were intratracheally (i.t.) administered to induce allergic airway inflammation. Eosinophil recruitment, cytokine production, serum immunoglobulins, and airway histology were analyzed. RESULTS Direct exposure of airways with HT-HDM induced an eosinophilic airway inflammation, Th2 cytokine production, and an increase in total IgE and HDM IgG1, while LT-HDM was not able to do so. In contrast, i.t. instillation of LT-HDM-pulsed DCs induced a similar airway inflammation, mucus production, and cytokine production, but IgE or HDM IgG1 was not induced. Administration of HDM-pulsed DCs together with LT-HDM, to supply B cells with unprocessed antigen, was not sufficient to induce antibody production. Simultaneous administration of recombinant IL-33 with LT-HDM induced an antibody response, besides a cellular immune response. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that HDM-pulsed DCs were able to drive a Th2 response but that IL-33 was needed to induce a humoral immune response to a single inhalational challenge to HDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Canbaz
- Department of Experimental Immunology; AMC; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - L. Utsch
- Department of Experimental Immunology; AMC; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - A. Logiantara
- Department of Experimental Immunology; AMC; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - R. van Ree
- Department of Experimental Immunology; AMC; Amsterdam The Netherlands
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology; AMC; University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - L. S. van Rijt
- Department of Experimental Immunology; AMC; Amsterdam The Netherlands
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IL-33: an alarmin cytokine with crucial roles in innate immunity, inflammation and allergy. Curr Opin Immunol 2014; 31:31-7. [PMID: 25278425 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2014.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 490] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
IL-33 is a nuclear cytokine from the IL-1 family constitutively expressed in epithelial barrier tissues and lymphoid organs, which plays important roles in type-2 innate immunity and human asthma. Recent studies indicate that IL-33 induces production of large amounts of IL-5 and IL-13 by group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s), for initiation of allergic inflammation shortly after exposure to allergens or infection with parasites or viruses. IL-33 appears to function as an alarmin (alarm signal) rapidly released from producing cells upon cellular damage or cellular stress. In this review, we discuss the cellular sources, mode of action and regulation of IL-33, and we highlight its crucial roles in vivo with particular emphasis on results obtained using IL33-deficient mice.
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Kim EH, Lee JS, Lee NR, Baek SY, Kim EJ, Lee SJ, Kim IS. Regulation of constitutive neutrophil apoptosis due to house dust mite allergen in normal and allergic rhinitis subjects. PLoS One 2014; 9:e105814. [PMID: 25243400 PMCID: PMC4171368 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0105814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
House dust mite (HDM) is a primary allergen in allergic rhinitis (AR) and asthma. Neutrophil apoptosis is associated with allergic diseases and innate immunity to infection. The present study examined how HDM affects constitutive neutrophil apoptosis in normal and AR subjects. Total IgE increased in AR subjects when compared to normal subjects, and patients with AR were HDM-specific IgE positive (+), which is specific IgE to Dermatophagoides pteronissinus and Dermatophagoides farinae. In normal and AR subjects, neutrophil apoptosis was inhibited by extract of Dermatophagoides pteronissinus (DP), but not by extract of Dermatophagoides farina (DF). Aprotinin (serine protease inhibitor) and E64 (cysteine protease inhibitor) have no effect on neutrophil apoptosis due to DP. The anti-apoptotic effect of DP was blocked by TLR4i, an inhibitor of TLR4, rottlerin, an inhibitor of PKCδ, PD98059, an inhibitor of ERK, and BAY-11-7085, an inhibitor of NF-κB. DP induced PKCδ, ERK, and NF-κB activation in a time-dependent manner. DP inhibited the cleavage of procaspase 3 and procaspase 9. The expression of IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, G-CSF, GM-CSF, and CCL2 increased in the supernatant collected from the normal and AR neutrophils after DP treatment and the supernatant inhibited the apoptosis of normal and AR neutrophils. In summary, DP has anti-apoptotic effects on neutrophils of normal and AR subjects through the TLR4/PKCδ/ERK/NF-κB pathway, and this finding may contribute to solution of the pathogenic mechanism of allergic diseases triggered by DP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Hye Kim
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, School of Medicine, Eulji University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Sook Lee
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Wonkwang Health Science University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Na Rae Lee
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, School of Medicine, Eulji University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Yeop Baek
- Department of Senior Healthcare, BK21 plus program, Graduated School, Eulji University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Jeong Kim
- Department of Senior Healthcare, BK21 plus program, Graduated School, Eulji University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Jin Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Eulji University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (ISK); (SJL)
| | - In Sik Kim
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, School of Medicine, Eulji University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Senior Healthcare, BK21 plus program, Graduated School, Eulji University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (ISK); (SJL)
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