1
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Nanda D, Venkatraman AC, Kalaivanan K. A cross talk study on sitagliptin mediated reclamation on TGF β signalling, DPP 4, miR-29a and miR-24 expression in PCOS rats fed with high fat-high fructose diet. Tissue Cell 2024; 88:102375. [PMID: 38604038 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2024.102375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a multifactorial reproductive, endocrine and metabolic disturbance which is very commonly observed in females of reproductive age group. The disease is still incurable however the use of synthetic drugs in combination with lifestyle is recommended. Accordingly, the present study was conducted to investigate the possible beneficial effects of sitagliptin on PCOS induced rats on control diet (CD)/high fat- high fructose diet (HFFD). PCOS was induced by giving testosterone propionate (TP) for 28 days to both the CD/HFFD rats and treated with STG i.p. for last 15 days. At the end of the experiment lipid profile, inflammatory markers, expression of NF-κB-p65, miR-24 and miR-29a, fibrotic and apoptotic proteins from ovary tissue were examined. Moreover, lipid accumulation and fibrosis of ovary tissue was further confirmed using Sudan III and Masson's trichrome stain. STG treated rats exerted a significant decrease in levels of cholesterol, TG, LDL-C, VLDL-C, IL-6 and TNF-α and increased HDL-C level, miR-24 and miR-29a expression. STG treated groups expressed significantly decreased expression of NF-κB-p65, TGF-β1, p-Smad 2 and p-Smad 3 followed by no significant changes in the expression of BAX, caspase-9, caspase-3 and Bcl-2 in all the PCOS induced groups. Among all the CD/ HFFD fed groups, rats on HFFD showed more devastating effect which suggests that diet plays a major role in genesis of PCOS. In conclusion, current results reflect the potential impact of STG against dyslipidaemia, inflammation and fibrosis in PCOS rats via regulating dyslipidaemia and fibrosis via DPP 4 mediated miR-29a expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipti Nanda
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, India.
| | | | - Kalpana Kalaivanan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, India
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2
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Sun Z, Liu Y, Zhao Y, Xu Y. Animal Models of Type 2 Diabetes Complications: A Review. Endocr Res 2024; 49:46-58. [PMID: 37950485 DOI: 10.1080/07435800.2023.2278049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a multifactorial metabolic disease, of which type 2 diabetes (T2D) is one of the most common. The complications of diabetes are far more harmful than diabetes itself. Type 2 diabetes complications include diabetic nephropathy (DN), diabetic heart disease, diabetic foot ulcers (DFU), diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN), and diabetic retinopathy (DR) et al. Many animal models have been developed to study the pathogenesis of T2D and discover an effective strategy to treat its consequences. In this sense, it is crucial to choose the right animal model for the corresponding diabetic complication. This paper summarizes and classifies the animal modeling approaches to T2D complications and provides a comprehensive review of their advantages and disadvantages. It is hopeful that this paper will provide theoretical support for animal trials of diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyan Sun
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao SAR, Taipa, PR China
| | - Yadi Liu
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao SAR, Taipa, PR China
| | - Yonghua Zhao
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, Taipa, PR China
| | - Youhua Xu
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao SAR, Taipa, PR China
- Zhuhai Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine,Macau University of Science and Technology, Zhuhai, PR China
- Macau University of Science and Technology, Zhuhai MUST Science and Technology Research Institute, Hengqin, Zhuhai, PR China
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3
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Yang F, Luo X, Li J, Lei Y, Zeng F, Huang X, Lan Y, Liu R. Application of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor antagonists in fibrotic diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 152:113236. [PMID: 35691154 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis can occur in various organs, leading to structural destruction, dysfunction, and even organ failure. Hence, organ fibrosis is being actively researched worldwide. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), a naturally occurring hormone, binds to a G-protein-coupled receptor widely distributed in the pancreas, kidney, lung, heart, gastrointestinal tract, and other organs. Synthetic GLP-1 analogs can be used as GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) for treating diabetes mellitus. In recent years, GLP-1RAs have also been found to exert anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and cardiovascular protective effects. GLP-1RAs have also been shown to inhibit fibrosis of solid organs, such as the lung, heart, liver, and kidney. In this review, we discuss the advancements in research on the role of GLP-1RAs in the fibrosis of the heart, lung, liver, kidney, and other organs to obtain new clues for treating organ fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuxun Yang
- Department of ICU, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoxiu Luo
- Department of ICU, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiajia Li
- Department of ICU, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Lei
- Department of ICU, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Fan Zeng
- Department of ICU, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaobo Huang
- Department of ICU, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yunping Lan
- Department of ICU, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
| | - Rongan Liu
- Department of ICU, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
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4
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Heather LC, Hafstad AD, Halade GV, Harmancey R, Mellor KM, Mishra PK, Mulvihill EE, Nabben M, Nakamura M, Rider OJ, Ruiz M, Wende AR, Ussher JR. Guidelines on Models of Diabetic Heart Disease. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2022; 323:H176-H200. [PMID: 35657616 PMCID: PMC9273269 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00058.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, including diabetic cardiomyopathy, atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, and heart failure. As cardiovascular disease represents the number one cause of death in people with diabetes, there has been a major emphasis on understanding the mechanisms by which diabetes promotes cardiovascular disease, and how antidiabetic therapies impact diabetic heart disease. With a wide array of models to study diabetes (both type 1 and type 2), the field has made major progress in answering these questions. However, each model has its own inherent limitations. Therefore, the purpose of this guidelines document is to provide the field with information on which aspects of cardiovascular disease in the human diabetic population are most accurately reproduced by the available models. This review aims to emphasize the advantages and disadvantages of each model, and to highlight the practical challenges and technical considerations involved. We will review the preclinical animal models of diabetes (based on their method of induction), appraise models of diabetes-related atherosclerosis and heart failure, and discuss in vitro models of diabetic heart disease. These guidelines will allow researchers to select the appropriate model of diabetic heart disease, depending on the specific research question being addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa C Heather
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Anne D Hafstad
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ganesh V Halade
- Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Tampa, Florida, United States
| | - Romain Harmancey
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | | | - Paras K Mishra
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Erin E Mulvihill
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Miranda Nabben
- Departments of Genetics and Cell Biology, and Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center, CARIM School of Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Michinari Nakamura
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Oliver J Rider
- University of Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Matthieu Ruiz
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Adam R Wende
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - John R Ussher
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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5
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Wadie W, Ahmed GS, Shafik AN, El-Sayed M. Effects of insulin and sitagliptin on early cardiac dysfunction in diabetic rats. Life Sci 2022; 299:120542. [PMID: 35395243 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Cardiac affection is common in diabetic patients. Although insulin exerts a cardioprotective role, it may not be enough to totally prevent this affection. The current study aimed to compare the cardioprotective effect of insulin alone or combined with sitagliptin in a rat model of type 1 diabetes mellitus. MATERIALS AND METHODS Diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ; 60 mg/kg). Diabetic rats were treated with insulin (3 IU), insulin (6 IU), or insulin (3 IU) + sitagliptin (10 mg/kg) for 42 days. KEY FINDINGS Diabetic rats exhibited significant systolic and diastolic cardiac affection with significant elevation of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels. Treatment with insulin prevented the deterioration of diabetes-induced cardiac condition, an effect that was significantly potentiated by the combined use of sitagliptin. SIGNIFICANCE The combined use of sitagliptin and insulin significantly improved the cardioprotective effect of insulin and prevented the early cardiac dysfunction in STZ diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walaa Wadie
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Gehad S Ahmed
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amani N Shafik
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed El-Sayed
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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6
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Wang C, Chen J, Wang P, Qing S, Li W, Lu J. Endogenous Protective Factors and Potential Therapeutic Agents for Diabetes-Associated Atherosclerosis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:821028. [PMID: 35557850 PMCID: PMC9086429 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.821028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The complications of macrovascular atherosclerosis are the leading cause of disability and mortality in patients with diabetes. It is generally believed that the pathogenesis of diabetic vascular complications is initiated by the imbalance between injury and endogenous protective factors. Multiple endogenous protective factors secreted by endothelium, liver, skeletal muscle and other tissues are recognized of their importance in combating injury factors and maintaining the homeostasis of vasculatures in diabetes. Among them, glucagon-like peptide-1 based drugs were clinically proven to be effective and recommended as the first-line medicine for the treatment of type 2 diabetic patients with high risks or established arteriosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD). Some molecules such as irisin and lipoxins have recently been perceived as new protective factors on diabetic atherosclerosis, while the protective role of HDL has been reinterpreted since the failure of several clinical trials to raise HDL therapy on cardiovascular events. The current review aims to summarize systemic endogenous protective factors for diabetes-associated atherosclerosis and discuss their mechanisms and potential therapeutic strategy or their analogues. In particular, we focus on the existing barriers or obstacles that need to be overcome in developing new therapeutic approaches for macrovascular complications of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqun Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pin Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengli Qing
- Department of Pharmacology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenwen Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Jin Lu, ; Wenwen Li,
| | - Jin Lu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Jin Lu, ; Wenwen Li,
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7
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Nuamnaichati N, Parichatikanond W, Mangmool S. Cardioprotective Effects of Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (9-36) Against Oxidative Injury in H9c2 Cardiomyoblasts: Potential Role of the PI3K/Akt/NOS Pathway. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2022; 79:e50-e63. [PMID: 34694244 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1(7-36), a major active form of GLP-1 hormone, is rapidly cleaved by dipeptidyl peptidase-4 to generate a truncated metabolite, GLP-1(9-36) which has a low affinity for GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R). GLP-1(7-36) has been shown to have protective effects on cardiovascular system through GLP-1R-dependent pathway. Nevertheless, the cardioprotective effects of GLP-1(9-36) have not fully understood. The present study investigated the effects of GLP-1(9-36), including its underlying mechanisms against oxidative stress and apoptosis in H9c2 cells. Here, we reported that GLP-1(9-36) protects H9c2 cardiomyoblasts from hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative stress by promoting the synthesis of antioxidant enzymes, glutathione peroxidase-1, catalase, and heme oxygenase-1. In addition, treatment with GLP-1(9-36) suppressed H2O2-induced apoptosis by attenuating caspase-3 activity and upregulating antiapoptotic proteins, Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL. These protective effects of GLP-1(9-36) are attenuated by blockade of PI3K-mediated Akt phosphorylation and prevention of nitric oxide synthase-induced nitric oxide production. Thus, GLP-1(9-36) represents the potential therapeutic target for prevention of oxidative stress and apoptosis in the heart via PI3K/Akt/nitric oxide synthase signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narawat Nuamnaichati
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Biopharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Warisara Parichatikanond
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Biopharmaceutical Science of Healthy Ageing, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand ; and
| | - Supachoke Mangmool
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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8
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Mohamed RH, Sedky AA, Hamam GG, Elkhateb L, Kamar SA, Adel S, Tawfik SS. Sitagliptin's renoprotective effect in a diabetic nephropathy model in rats: The potential role of PI3K/AKT pathway. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2021; 36:324-337. [PMID: 34735026 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Management of diabetic nephropathy (DN) is far from satisfactory. There is a rising role of the involvement of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) pathway in the pathogenesis of DN. This study aimed at investigating the renoprotective effects of PI3K/AKT pathway via sitagliptin in a rat model of DN. Thirty-two male Wistar rats were divided into four groups (eight rats each): (I) control, (II) sitagliptin, (III) DN, and (IV) DN + sitagliptin. Fasting blood glucose (FBG), kidney index, and kidney function tests in both blood and urine were measured. The levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) and gene expressions of PI3K, pPI3K, AKT, and pAKT in renal tissue were detected. Renal histopathological and immunohistochemical studies were evaluated. DN + sitagliptin group showed significant decrease in FBG and kidney index, improvement in kidney function tests, and a decrease in levels of TNF-α and TGF-β in renal tissues compared with DN group. This was associated with significant increase in SOD and gene expressions of PI3K and AKT and their phosphorylated active forms in renal tissue in DN + sitagliptin group compared with DN group. Moreover, DN + sitagliptin group showed apparent decrease in amount of collagen fibers and expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) compared with DN group. This work shows that sitagliptin improved renal functions and histopathological changes, impeded inflammation, and oxidative stress and upregulated PI3K/AKT pathway which highlights its renoprotective effects in a rat model of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reham Hussein Mohamed
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amina Ahmed Sedky
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ghada Galal Hamam
- Department of Histology and cell biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Lobna Elkhateb
- Department of Histology and cell biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sherif A Kamar
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Seham Adel
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sherin Shafik Tawfik
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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9
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SARS-CoV-2 and diabetes: A potential therapeutic effect of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors in diabetic patients diagnosed with COVID-19. Metabol Open 2021; 12:100134. [PMID: 34661092 PMCID: PMC8511553 DOI: 10.1016/j.metop.2021.100134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and has become an urgent economic and health challenge. Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4), also mentioned as a cluster of differentiation 26 (CD26) is a serine exopeptidase found in two arrangements: a soluble form (sDPP-4) and a plasma membrane-bound form. Because other coronaviruses enter the cells by binding to DPP-4, it has been speculated that DPP-4 inhibitors may exert activity against COVID-19. Therefore, this review aimed to summarize the potential therapeutic effect of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors in diabetic patients diagnosed with COVID-19. To include different studies, publications related to Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor use and clinical outcomes from COVID-19 were searched from the databases such as Web of Science, PubMed, Medline, Elsevier, Google Scholar, and SCOPUS, via English key terms. A direct engrossment of DPP4 in COVID-19 needs to be elucidated, there is also evidence confirming that DPP4 inhibitors exert anti-fibrotic and modulate inflammation activity. Thus, the use of DPP-4 inhibitors could reduce mortality due to COVID-19 or improve the progression of COVID-19; this evidence may support the management of diabetic patients diagnosed with COVID-19; however more well-designed investigation is urgently required.
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10
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Experimental animal models for diabetes and its related complications-a review. Lab Anim Res 2021; 37:23. [PMID: 34429169 PMCID: PMC8385906 DOI: 10.1186/s42826-021-00101-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus, a very common and multifaceted metabolic disorder is considered as one of the fastest growing public health problems in the world. It is characterized by hyperglycemia, a condition with high glucose level in the blood plasma resulting from defects in insulin secretion or its action and in some cases both the impairment in secretion and also action of insulin coexist. Historically, animal models have played a critical role in exploring and describing malady pathophysiology and recognizable proof of targets and surveying new remedial specialists and in vivo medicines. In the present study, we reviewed the experimental models employed for diabetes and for its related complications. This paper reviews briefly the broad chemical induction of alloxan and streptozotocin and its mechanisms associated with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Also we highlighted the different models in other species and other animals.
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11
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Mansour SM, Aly S, Hassan SHM, Zaki HF. Protective effect of sitagliptin and whole-body γ-irradiation in diabetes-induced cardiac injury. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2020; 99:676-684. [PMID: 33108742 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2020-0454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is associated with an increased risk of cardiac complications; this study aimed to investigate effect of sitagliptin (SITA) alone or combined with γ-irradiation on diabetes-associated cardiac injury. Rats were treated with SITA (100 mg/kg per day; p.o.) for 2 weeks followed by a single dose of whole-body γ-irradiation (3 Gy). Solitary administration of SITA or combined treatment with γ-irradiation succeeded to ameliorate the increase in serum levels of glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, creatine kinase-MB, and malondialdehyde, coupled by increased insulin and reduced glutathione levels. Their cardioprotective potential was confirmed through attenuating the apoptotic signaling by mitigating Bcl-2-associated X protein, caspase-3, and apoptosis-inducing factor expression, while augmenting the anti-apoptotic factors, B cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), and heat shock protein 70 (HSP-70) in left ventricular tissue homogenates. These findings were supported histopathologically. In conclusion, treatment with SITA alone or combined with γ-irradiation may prove beneficial in diabetes-accompanied cardiac insult. This could be due to the crosstalk between the antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, and restoration of body's defense capacities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzan M Mansour
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt.,Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Industries, Future University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sara Aly
- Drug Radiation Research Department, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT)-Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Seham H M Hassan
- Drug Radiation Research Department, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT)-Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hala F Zaki
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
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12
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Lu Q, Guo P, Guo J, Ares I, Lopez-Torres B, Martínez-Larrañaga MR, Wang X, Anadón A, Martínez MA. Targeting peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors: A new strategy for the treatment of cardiac fibrosis. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 219:107702. [PMID: 33022300 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis is a pathogenic factor of many cardiovascular diseases (CVD), which seriously affects people's life, and health and causes huge economic losses. Increasing evidence has shown that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) can regulate the progression of cardiac fibrosis. For the first time, this review systematically summarizes the literature on cardiac fibrosis from the perspective of PPARs from 2010 to 2020. Moreover, the role of each PPARs in cardiac fibrosis was clarified in this scientific revision from the perspectives of pharmacologically active substances, known agonists, natural extract compounds, and nucleic-acid-based drugs in different CVD models. Furthermore, the combination of multiple PPARs on the treatment of cardiac fibrosis is discussed. This scientific review provides new ideas for targeting PPARs in the treatment of cardiac fibrosis and provides strategies for the development of new, safe, and effective pharmacological antagonists against cardiac fibrosis based on PPAR activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qirong Lu
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; MAO Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Pu Guo
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; MAO Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Jingchao Guo
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; MAO Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Irma Ares
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), and Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Bernardo Lopez-Torres
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), and Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - María-Rosa Martínez-Larrañaga
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), and Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Xu Wang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), and Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), 28040 Madrid, Spain; MAO Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Arturo Anadón
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), and Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - María-Aránzazu Martínez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), and Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), 28040 Madrid, Spain
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13
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Wang Y, Sun H, Zhang J, Xia Z, Chen W. Streptozotocin-induced diabetic cardiomyopathy in rats: ameliorative effect of PIPERINE via Bcl2, Bax/Bcl2, and caspase-3 pathways. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2020; 84:2533-2544. [PMID: 32892714 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2020.1815170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The objective of present investigation was to appraise the effects of piperine on STZ-induced diabetic cardiomyopathy in rats. Diabetes was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats with intraperitoneal STZ injection, and the rats were assigned to seven groups. Electrocardiograph, hemodynamic, various biochemical, molecular, and histological parameters were examined. Treatment with piperine significantly (p < 0.05) restored altered myocardial functions, inhibited cardiac marker, and restored electrocardiogram and hemodynamic alterations. The elevated level of cardiac oxido-nitrosative stress and decreased cardiac Na-K-ATPase concentration, after STZ administration, were significantly (p < 0.05) attenuated by piperine treatment. Piperine also considerably (p < 0.05) increased myocardial mitochondrial enzyme activity. STZ-induced alteration in heart ANP, BNP, cTn-I, Bcl2, Bax/Bcl2, and caspase3 mRNA expression was significantly (p < 0.05) restored by piperine treatment. Piperine administration reduced histopathological aberrations induced by STZ. In conclusion, the present investigation suggests that piperine ameliorates STZ-induced diabetic cardiomyopathy via modulation of caspase-3, Bcl2, Bax/Bcl2 pathways. Abbreviations: ACE: Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme; ANOVA: Analysis of Variance; ANP: Atrial Natriuretic Peptide; APAF: Apoptotic Protease-Activating Factor; ARB: Angiotensin Receptor Blockers; ATP: Adenosine Triphosphate; Bax: Bcl-2-associated X protein; Bcl2: B-cell lymphoma 2; BPM: Beats Per Minute; BNP: brain natriuretic peptide; CAD: Caspase-3-Activated DNase; cDNA: Complementary DNA; CK-MB: Creatine Kinase-MB; CPCSEA: Committee for the Purpose of Control And Supervision of Experiments on Animals; cTn-I: cardiac troponin I; DBP: Diastolic Blood Pressure; DCM: Diabetic Cardiomyopathy; DNA: Deoxyribonucleic Acid; DPX: DisterenePhthalate Xylene; ECG: Electrocardiogram; ETC: Electron Transport Chain; GOD-POD: Glucose Oxidase Peroxidase; GSH: Glutathione; IAEC: Institutional Animal Ethics Committee; IL-6: Interleukin-6; IL-1b: Interleukin-1b; LDH: Lactate Dehydrogenase; LV: Left Ventricle; LVEDP: left ventricular end-diastolic Pressure; MABP: Mean Arterial Blood Pressure; MDA: Malondialdehyde; mRNA: Messenger Ribonucleic Acid; MTT: 3- (4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-DiphenyltetrazoliumBromide; NADH: Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate; NADPH: Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate Hydrogen; NO: nitric oxide; NP: Natriuretic Peptides; OXPHOS: Oxidative Phosphorylation; p.o.: per os; PCR: Polymerase Chain Reaction; RT-PCR: Reverse Transcriptionpolymerase Chain Reaction; PPAR: Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma; RAS: Renin-Angiotensin System; RNA: Ribonucleic Acid; ROS: Reactive Oxygen Species; SBP: Systolic Blood Pressure; SDH: Succinate Dehydrogenase; SEM: Standard Error Means; SOD: superoxide dismutase: STZ: Streptozotocin; TNF: Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha; TnI: Troponin I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College , Nanchong City, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Hui Sun
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College , Nanchong City, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jianwu Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, North Sichuan Medical College , Nanchong City, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Zhiyang Xia
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College , Nanchong City, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College , Nanchong City, Sichuan Province, China
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14
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Valencia I, Peiró C, Lorenzo Ó, Sánchez-Ferrer CF, Eckel J, Romacho T. DPP4 and ACE2 in Diabetes and COVID-19: Therapeutic Targets for Cardiovascular Complications? Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:1161. [PMID: 32848769 PMCID: PMC7426477 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 outbreak, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV-2 coronavirus has become an urgent health and economic challenge. Diabetes is a risk factor for severity and mortality of COVID-19. Recent studies support that COVID-19 has effects beyond the respiratory tract, with vascular complications arising as relevant factors worsening its prognosis, then making patients with previous vascular disease more prone to severity or fatal outcome. Angiotensin-II converting enzime-2 (ACE2) has been proposed as preferred receptor for SARS-CoV-2 host infection, yet specific proteins participating in the virus entry are not fully known. SARS-CoV-2 might use other co-receptor or auxiliary proteins allowing virus infection. In silico experiments proposed that SARS-CoV-2 might bind dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4/CD26), which was established previously as receptor for MERS-CoV. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) component ACE2 and DPP4 are proteins dysregulated in diabetes. Imbalance of the RAAS and direct effect of soluble DPP4 exert deleterious vascular effects. We hypothesize that diabetic patients might be more affected by COVID-19 due to increased presence ACE2 and DPP4 mediating infection and contributing to a compromised vasculature. Here, we discuss the role of ACE2 and DPP4 as relevant factors linking the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and severity of COVID-19 in diabetic patients and present an outlook on therapeutic potential of current drugs targeted against RAAS and DPP4 to treat or prevent COVID-19-derived vascular complications. Diabetes affects more than 400 million people worldwide, thus better understanding of how they are affected by COVID-19 holds an important benefit to fight against this disease with pandemic proportions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inés Valencia
- Vascular Pharmacology and Metabolism Group (FARMAVASM), Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias del Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
| | - Concepción Peiró
- Vascular Pharmacology and Metabolism Group (FARMAVASM), Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias del Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
| | - Óscar Lorenzo
- Laboratory of Vascular Pathology and Diabetes, FIIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM) Network, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos F Sánchez-Ferrer
- Vascular Pharmacology and Metabolism Group (FARMAVASM), Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias del Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jürgen Eckel
- German Diabetes Center, Institute for Clinical Diabetology, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tania Romacho
- German Diabetes Center, Institute for Clinical Diabetology, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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15
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Mereweather LJ, Montes Aparicio CN, Heather LC. Positioning Metabolism as a Central Player in the Diabetic Heart. J Lipid Atheroscler 2020; 9:92-109. [PMID: 32821724 PMCID: PMC7379068 DOI: 10.12997/jla.2020.9.1.92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In type 2 diabetes (T2D), the leading cause of death is cardiovascular complications. One mechanism contributing to cardiac pathogenesis is alterations in metabolism, with the diabetic heart exhibiting increased fatty acid oxidation and reduced glucose utilisation. The processes classically thought to underlie this metabolic shift include the Randle cycle and changes to gene expression. More recently, alternative mechanisms have been proposed, most notably, changes in post-translational modification of mitochondrial proteins in the heart. This increased understanding of how metabolism is altered in the diabetic heart has highlighted new therapeutic targets, with an aim to improve cardiac function in T2D. This review focuses on metabolism in the healthy heart and how this is modified in T2D, providing evidence for the mechanisms underlying this shift. There will be emphasis on the current treatments for the heart in diabetes, alongside efforts for metabocentric pharmacological therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J Mereweather
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Lisa C Heather
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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16
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Amelioration of diet-induced metabolic syndrome and fatty liver with sitagliptin via regulation of adipose tissue inflammation and hepatic Adiponectin/AMPK levels in mice. Biochimie 2020; 168:198-209. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2019.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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17
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Abdel-Gaber SA, Geddawy A, Moussa RA. The hepatoprotective effect of sitagliptin against hepatic ischemia reperfusion-induced injury in rats involves Nrf-2/HO-1 pathway. Pharmacol Rep 2019; 71:1044-1049. [PMID: 31600635 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2019.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress and inflammation play a key role in the development of hepatic ischemia reperfusion (HIR)-induced injury. Nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor-2 (Nrf-2) is a main regulator of numerous genes, encoding cytoprotective molecules including heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). Sitagliptin (Sit) is an incretin enhancer acting via inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) enzyme. This study was undertaken to investigate the ability of Sit to prevent the hepatic pathological changes of HIR induced injury and to modify Nrf-2 and its target HO-1. METHODS Pringle's maneuver was used to induce total HIR in adult male rats that were randomly assigned into 4 groups. Group1 (sham-operated control), Group 2 (sham-operated + Sit-control group), Group 3 (HIR non-treated), and Group 4 (HIR + Sit). Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities together with hepatic contents of malondialdhyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO) and reduced glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were evaluated. Hepatic tissue mRNA of Nrf-2 and protein content of HO-1 along with histopathological examination and scoring of hepatic injury were performed. RESULTS Sit caused a significant reduction in ALT and AST activities together with attenuation of HIR-induced histopathological liver injury. Effect of Sit was associated with decreased hepatic level of MDA and NO with increased GSH level and SOD activity. Non-treated rats with HIR showed an increase in Nrf-2 mRNA expression and HO-1 content in hepatic tissue which was further increased by Sit treatment. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that hepatoprotective activity of Sit against HIR is attributed at least in part to modulation of Nrf-2/ HO-1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seham A Abdel-Gaber
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Ayman Geddawy
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Rabab A Moussa
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
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18
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Allen RS, Feola A, Motz CT, Ottensmeyer AL, Chesler KC, Dunn R, Thulé PM, Pardue MT. Retinal Deficits Precede Cognitive and Motor Deficits in a Rat Model of Type II Diabetes. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2019; 60:123-133. [PMID: 30640976 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.18-25110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the temporal appearance of retinal, cognitive, and motor deficits in Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats, a spontaneously occurring, polygenic model of type II diabetes. GK rats develop impaired insulin secretion at 2 weeks and fasting hyperglycemia at 4 weeks. Methods In male and female GK rats and Wistar controls, glucose tolerance test (hyperglycemia) and electroretinogram (ERG, retinal function) were performed at 4 and 8 weeks of age. Spectral domain-optical coherence tomography (retinal structure) was assessed at 6 weeks. Spatial alternation (cognitive function) and number of entries (exploratory behavior) were assessed via Y-maze at 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 weeks. Rotarod (motor function) was performed at 4, 6, and 8 weeks. Results By 4 weeks, the GK rats exhibited significant glucose intolerance (P < 0.001) and retinal deficits, including delays in ERG implicit times (flicker, P < 0.01; oscillatory potentials, P < 0.001). In addition, the GK rats showed greater ERG amplitudes (P < 0.001) and thinner retinas (P < 0.001). At 7 weeks, the GK rats showed deficits in cognitive function (P < 0.001) and exploratory behavior (P < 0.01). However, no motor function deficits were observed by 8 weeks. Interestingly, the male GK rats showed greater hyperglycemia (P < 0.05), but the female rats showed greater ERG delays (P < 0.001). Conclusions In GK rats, retinal function deficits developed prior to cognitive or motor deficits. Future studies will investigate common mechanistic links, long-term functional and vascular changes, and whether early retinal deficits can predict cognitive dysfunction or late-stage retinal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael S Allen
- Atlanta VA Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta VA Health Care System, Decatur, Georgia, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Andrew Feola
- Atlanta VA Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta VA Health Care System, Decatur, Georgia, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Cara T Motz
- Atlanta VA Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta VA Health Care System, Decatur, Georgia, United States
| | - Amy L Ottensmeyer
- Atlanta VA Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta VA Health Care System, Decatur, Georgia, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Kyle C Chesler
- Atlanta VA Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta VA Health Care System, Decatur, Georgia, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Ryan Dunn
- Atlanta VA Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta VA Health Care System, Decatur, Georgia, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Peter M Thulé
- Section Endocrinology & Metabolism, Atlanta VA Health Care System & Emory University School of Medicine, Decatur, Georgia, United States
| | - Machelle T Pardue
- Atlanta VA Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta VA Health Care System, Decatur, Georgia, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
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19
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Warbrick I, Rabkin SW. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α) as a factor mediating the relationship between obesity and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Obes Rev 2019; 20:701-712. [PMID: 30828970 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), a common condition with an increased mortality, is strongly associated with obesity and the metabolic syndrome. The latter two conditions are associated with increased epicardial fat that can extend into the heart. This review advances the proposition that hypoxia-inhibitory factor-1α (HIF-1α) maybe a key factor producing HFpEF. HIF-1α, a highly conserved transcription factor that plays a key role in tissue response to hypoxia, is increased in adipose tissue in obesity. Increased HIF-1α expression leads to expression of a potent profibrotic transcriptional programme involving collagen I, III, IV, TIMP, and lysyl oxidase. The net effect is the formation of collagen fibres leading to fibrosis. HIF-1α is also responsible for recruiting M1 macrophages that mediate obesity-associated inflammation, releasing IL-6, MCP-1, TNF-α, and IL-1β with increased expression of thrombospondin, pro α2 (I) collagen, transforming growth factor β, NADPH oxidase, and connective tissue growth factor. These factors can accelerate cardiac fibrosis and impair cardiac diastolic function. Inhibition of HIF-1α expression in adipose tissue of mice fed a high-fat diet suppressed fibrosis and reduces inflammation in adipose tissue. Delineation of the role played by HIF-1α in obesity-associated HFpEF may lead to new potential therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Warbrick
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Simon W Rabkin
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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20
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Cardioprotection Conferred by Sitagliptin Is Associated with Reduced Cardiac Angiotensin II/Angiotensin-(1-7) Balance in Experimental Chronic Kidney Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20081940. [PMID: 31010001 PMCID: PMC6515057 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20081940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV) inhibitors are antidiabetic agents that exert renoprotective actions independently of glucose lowering. Cardiac dysfunction is one of the main outcomes of chronic kidney disease (CKD); however, the effects of DPPIV inhibition on cardiac impairment during CKD progression remain elusive. This study investigated whether DPPIV inhibition mitigates cardiac dysfunction and remodeling in rats with a 5/6 renal ablation and evaluated if these effects are associated with changes in the cardiac renin-angiotensin system (RAS). To this end, male Wistar rats underwent a 5/6 nephrectomy (Nx) or sham operation, followed by an 8-week treatment period with the DPPIV inhibitor sitagliptin (IDPPIV) or vehicle. Nx rats had lower glomerular filtration rate, overt albuminuria and higher blood pressure compared to sham rats, whereas CKD progression was attenuated in Nx + IDPPIV rats. Additionally, Nx rats exhibited cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis, which were associated with higher cardiac DPPIV activity and expression. The sitagliptin treatment prevented cardiac fibrosis and mitigated cardiac hypertrophy. The isovolumic relaxation time (IRVT) was higher in Nx than in sham rats, which was suggestive of CKD-associated-diastolic dysfunction. Sitagliptin significantly attenuated the increase in IRVT. Levels of angiotensin II (Ang II) in the heart tissue from Nx rats were higher while those of angiotensin-(1-7) Ang-(1-7) were lower than that in sham rats. This cardiac hormonal imbalance was completely prevented by sitagliptin. Collectively, these results suggest that DPPIV inhibition may delay the onset of cardiovascular impairment in CKD. Furthermore, these findings strengthen the hypothesis that a crosstalk between DPPIV and the renin-angiotensin system plays a role in the pathophysiology of cardiorenal syndromes.
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21
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Huang M, Liu J, Sheng Y, Lv Y, Yu J, Qi H, Di W, Lv S, Zhou S, Ding G. 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 inhibitor attenuates high-fat diet induced cardiomyopathy. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2018; 125:106-116. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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22
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Al-Damry NT, Attia HA, Al-Rasheed NM, Al-Rasheed NM, Mohamad RA, Al-Amin MA, Dizmiri N, Atteya M. Sitagliptin attenuates myocardial apoptosis via activating LKB-1/AMPK/Akt pathway and suppressing the activity of GSK-3β and p38α/MAPK in a rat model of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 107:347-358. [PMID: 30099338 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.07.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Revised: 07/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the protective effect of sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, on diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM)-associated apoptosis and if this effect is mediated via modulating the activity of the survival kinases; AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and Akt & the apoptotic kinases; glycogen synthase kinase-3 β (GSK-3β) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK). Diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (55 mg/kg). Diabetic rats were treated with sitagliptin (10 mg/kg/day, p.o.) and metformin (200 mg/kg/day, p.o. as positive control) for six weeks. Chronic hyperglycemia resulted in elevation of serum cardiac biomarkers reflecting cardiac damage which was supported by H&E stain. The mRNA levels of collagen types I and III were augmented reflecting cardiac fibrosis and hypertrophy which was supported by Masson trichome stain and enhanced phosphorylation of p38MAPK. Cardiac protein levels of cleaved casapse-3, BAX were elevated, whereas, the levels of Bcl-2 and p-BAD were reduced indicating cardiac apoptosis which could be attributed to the diabetes-induced reduced phosphorylation of Akt and AMPK with concomitant augmented activation of GSK-3β and p38MAPK. Protein levels of liver kinase B-1, the upstream kinase of AMPK were also supressed. Sitagliptin administration alleviated the decreased phosphorylation of AMPK and Akt, inactivated the GSK-3β and p38 AMPK, therefore, attenuating the apoptosis and hypertrophy induced by hyperglycemia in the diabetic heart. In conclusion, sitagliptin exhibits valuable therapeutic potential in the management of DCM by attenuating apoptosis. The underlying mechanism may involve the modulating activity of AMPK, Akt, GSK-3β and p38MAPK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nouf T Al-Damry
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hala A Attia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
| | - Nawal M Al-Rasheed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nouf M Al-Rasheed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raeesa A Mohamad
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Maha A Al-Amin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nduna Dizmiri
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Atteya
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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23
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Avogaro A, Fadini GP. The pleiotropic cardiovascular effects of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2018; 84:1686-1695. [PMID: 29667232 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.13611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with Type 2 diabetes have an excess risk for cardiovascular disease. One of the several approaches, included in the guidelines for the management of Type 2 diabetes, is based on dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4; also termed CD26) inhibitors, also called gliptins. Gliptins inhibit the degradation of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1): this effect is associated with increased circulating insulin-to-glucagon ratio, and a consequent reduction of HbA1c. In addition to incretin hormones, there are several proteins that may be affected by DPP-4 and its inhibition: among these some are relevant for the cardiovascular system homeostasis such as SDF-1α and its receptor CXCR4, brain natriuretic peptides, neuropeptide Y and peptide YY. In this review, we will discuss the pathophysiological relevance of gliptin pleiotropism and its translational potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Avogaro
- Department of Medicine, Section of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Gian Paolo Fadini
- Department of Medicine, Section of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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24
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Tomovic K, Lazarevic J, Kocic G, Deljanin-Ilic M, Anderluh M, Smelcerovic A. Mechanisms and pathways of anti-inflammatory activity of DPP-4 inhibitors in cardiovascular and renal protection. Med Res Rev 2018; 39:404-422. [DOI: 10.1002/med.21513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Tomovic
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine; University of Nis; Bulevar Dr Zorana Djindjica 81 18000 Nis Serbia
| | - Jelena Lazarevic
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine; University of Nis; Bulevar Dr Zorana Djindjica 81 18000 Nis Serbia
| | - Gordana Kocic
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine; University of Nis; Bulevar Dr Zorana Djindjica 81 18000 Nis Serbia
| | - Marina Deljanin-Ilic
- Institute for Cardiovascular Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine; University of Nis; 18205 Niska Banja Serbia
| | - Marko Anderluh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Ljubljana; Askerceva 7 SI-1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Andrija Smelcerovic
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine; University of Nis; Bulevar Dr Zorana Djindjica 81 18000 Nis Serbia
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25
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Zhou Y, Guo Z, Yan W, Wang W. Cardiovascular effects of sitagliptin - An anti-diabetes medicine. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2018; 45:628-635. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhou
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology; School of Basic Medical Sciences; Capital Medical University; Beijing China
| | - Zhiying Guo
- Department of Pathophysiology; School of Basic Medicine; Jining Medical University; Shandong China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders Related Cardiovascular Diseases; Beijing China
| | - Wenjing Yan
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology; School of Basic Medical Sciences; Capital Medical University; Beijing China
| | - Wen Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology; School of Basic Medical Sciences; Capital Medical University; Beijing China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders Related Cardiovascular Diseases; Beijing China
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Anagliptin prevents apoptosis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells by modulating NOX-4 signaling pathways. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 103:1623-1631. [PMID: 29864951 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.04.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitors are novel oral anti-hyperglycemic agents. Here, the anti-apoptotic effect of Anagliptin in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) was evaluated. Cultured HUVECs were pre-incubated with Anagliptin, and then treated hydrongen peroxide (H2O2) to induce apoptosis. The apoptosis of HUVECs were detected by viability, LIVE/DEAD staining assay and flow cytometry assays. HUVECs were transfected with plasmid harboring human NADPH oxidases (NOX) 4 or an empty vector. The formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was measured by immunofluorescence. Apoptotic and anti-apoptotic factor were detected by Western Blot. Pre-incubation with Anagliptin protected HUVECs from H2O2 induced apoptosis. The transfection assay also indicated that pre-incubation with Anagliptin inhibited the apoptosis of HUVECs induced by NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX-4) overexpression. Immunofluorescence demonstrated that pre-incubation with Anagliptin suppressed the formation of ROS in apoptotic HUVECs. Pre-incubation with Anagliptin inhibited NOX-4 mediated the Bax, caspase-3, cleave caspase-3 and Cyto C overexpression, but up-regulated the protein level of Bcl-2 in HUVECs. The data help us to better understand the effect of Anagliptin on apoptosis, and will be valuable in identifying new targets to prevent the endothelial cell apoptosis after injury.
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Wang D, Zhang G, Chen X, Wei T, Liu C, Chen C, Gong Y, Wei Q. Sitagliptin ameliorates diabetic nephropathy by blocking TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway. Int J Mol Med 2018; 41:2784-2792. [PMID: 29484381 PMCID: PMC5846674 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the leading cause of end-stage failure of the kidney, but the efficacy of current strategies available for the prevention of DN remains unsatisfactory. The purpose of this study was to assess whether sitagliptin (SIT) has therapeutic potential for prevention of DN and to investigate its possible mechanism. The effects of SIT on DN were investigated in rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and rat mesangial cells (MCs) induced by high glucose. T2DM rats were administered at a dose of 10 mg/kg SIT. The kidney index, 24 h urinary protein, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (Cr), accumulation of glycogen and collagens were investigated by different methods. MCs were administered with SIT at doses of 0.1, 1 and 10 µmol/ml. The possible mechanism of SIT on protection of diabetic kidney injury was examined by expression of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)/Smad pathway. The results showed that the SIT-treated diabetic rats significantly reduced diabetic kidney injury by inhibiting the kidney index and attenuating 24 h urinary protein, reducing BUN and serum creatinine, inhibiting progressive renal fibrosis and increassing extracellular matrix including collagen IV and fibronectin. Further studies showed that inhibition of renal fibrosis in SIT-treated diabetic rats and MCs were associated with rebalancing of TGF-β1/Smad pathway. Sitagliptin may be a potent agent for preventing the progression of DN through inhabiting TGF-β1/Smad-mediated renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R. China
| | - Guanying Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, The People's Hospital of Jiangyin, Jiangyin, Jiangsu 214400, P.R. China
| | - Tong Wei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R. China
| | - Chenxu Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R. China
| | - Chun Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R. China
| | - Yinhan Gong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R. China
| | - Qunli Wei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R. China
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28
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Ramírez E, Picatoste B, González-Bris A, Oteo M, Cruz F, Caro-Vadillo A, Egido J, Tuñón J, Morcillo MA, Lorenzo Ó. Sitagliptin improved glucose assimilation in detriment of fatty-acid utilization in experimental type-II diabetes: role of GLP-1 isoforms in Glut4 receptor trafficking. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2018; 17:12. [PMID: 29325553 PMCID: PMC5765634 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-017-0643-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The distribution of glucose and fatty-acid transporters in the heart is crucial for energy consecution and myocardial function. In this sense, the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) enhancer, sitagliptin, improves glucose homeostasis but it could also trigger direct cardioprotective actions, including regulation of energy substrate utilization. METHODS Type-II diabetic GK (Goto-Kakizaki), sitagliptin-treated GK (10 mg/kg/day) and wistar rats (n = 10, each) underwent echocardiographic evaluation, and positron emission tomography scanning for [18F]-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (18FDG). Hearts and plasma were isolated for biochemical approaches. Cultured cardiomyocytes were examined for receptor distribution after incretin stimulation in high fatty acid or high glucose media. RESULTS Untreated GK rats exhibited hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, insulin resistance, and plasma GLP-1 reduction. Moreover, GK myocardium decreased 18FDG assimilation and diastolic dysfunction. However, sitagliptin improved hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and GLP-1 levels, and additionally, enhanced 18FDG uptake and diastolic function. Sitagliptin also stimulated the sarcolemmal translocation of the glucose transporter-4 (Glut4), in detriment of the fatty acyl translocase (FAT)/CD36. In fact, Glut4 mRNA expression and sarcolemmal translocation were also increased after GLP-1 stimulation in high-fatty acid incubated cardiomyocytes. PI3K/Akt and AMPKα were involved in this response. Intriguingly, the GLP-1 degradation metabolite, GLP-1(9-36), showed similar effects. CONCLUSIONS Besides of its anti-hyperglycemic effect, sitagliptin-enhanced GLP-1 may ameliorate diastolic dysfunction in type-II diabetes by shifting fatty acid to glucose utilization in the cardiomyocyte, and thus, improving cardiac efficiency and reducing lipolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Ramírez
- Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Laboratory, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma, Av. Reyes Católicos 2, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - B Picatoste
- Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Laboratory, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma, Av. Reyes Católicos 2, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - A González-Bris
- Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Laboratory, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma, Av. Reyes Católicos 2, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Oteo
- Biomedical Applications of Radioisotopes and Pharmacokinetics, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain
| | - F Cruz
- Biomedical Applications of Radioisotopes and Pharmacokinetics, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain
| | - A Caro-Vadillo
- Veterinary School, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Egido
- Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Laboratory, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma, Av. Reyes Católicos 2, 28040, Madrid, Spain.,Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM) Network, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Tuñón
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - M A Morcillo
- Biomedical Applications of Radioisotopes and Pharmacokinetics, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ó Lorenzo
- Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Laboratory, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma, Av. Reyes Católicos 2, 28040, Madrid, Spain. .,Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM) Network, Madrid, Spain.
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29
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Voltage dependence of the Ca 2+ transient in endocardial and epicardial myocytes from the left ventricle of Goto-Kakizaki type 2 diabetic rats. Mol Cell Biochem 2018; 446:25-33. [PMID: 29318456 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-018-3269-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a major global health disorder and, currently, over 450 million people have diabetes with 90% suffering from type 2 diabetes. Left untreated, diabetes may lead to cardiovascular diseases which are a leading cause of death in diabetic patients. Calcium is the trigger and regulator of cardiac muscle contraction and derangement in cellular Ca2+ homeostasis, which can result in heart failure and sudden cardiac death. It is of paramount importance to investigate the regional involvement of Ca2+ in diabetes-induced cardiomyopathy. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the voltage dependence of the Ca2+ transients in endocardial (ENDO) and epicardial (EPI) myocytes from the left ventricle of the Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats, an experimental model of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Simultaneous measurement of L-type Ca2+ currents and Ca2+ transients was performed by whole-cell patch clamp techniques. GK rats displayed significantly increased heart weight, heart weight/body weight ratio, and non-fasting and fasting blood glucose compared to controls (CON). Although the voltage dependence of L-type Ca2+ current was unaltered, the voltage dependence of the Ca2+ transients was reduced to similar extents in EPI-GK and ENDO-GK compared to EPI-CON and ENDO-CON myocytes. TPK L-type Ca2+ current and Ca2+ transient were unaltered. THALF decay of L-type Ca2+ current was unaltered; however, THALF decay of the Ca2+ transient was shortened in ENDO and EPI myocytes from GK compared to CON rat hearts. In conclusion, the amplitude of L-type Ca2+ current was unaltered; however, the voltage dependence of the Ca2+ transient was reduced to similar extents in EPI and ENDO myocytes from GK rats compared to their respective controls, suggesting the possibility of dysfunctional sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ transport in the GK diabetic rat hearts.
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30
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Al Kury L, Smail M, Qureshi MA, Sydorenko V, Shmygol A, Oz M, Singh J, Howarth FC. Calcium Signaling in the Ventricular Myocardium of the Goto-Kakizaki Type 2 Diabetic Rat. J Diabetes Res 2018; 2018:2974304. [PMID: 29850600 PMCID: PMC5914098 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2974304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The association between diabetes mellitus (DM) and high mortality linked to cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major concern worldwide. Clinical and preclinical studies have demonstrated a variety of diastolic and systolic dysfunctions in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with the severity of abnormalities depending on the patients' age and duration of diabetes. The cellular basis of hemodynamic dysfunction in a type 2 diabetic heart is still not well understood. The aim of this review is to evaluate our current understanding of contractile dysfunction and disturbances of Ca2+ transport in the Goto-Kakizaki (GK) diabetic rat heart. The GK rat is a widely used nonobese, nonhypertensive genetic model of T2DM which is characterized by insulin resistance, elevated blood glucose, alterations in blood lipid profile, and cardiac dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Al Kury
- College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - M. Smail
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain, UAE
| | - M. A. Qureshi
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain, UAE
| | - V. Sydorenko
- Department of Cellular Membranology, Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, Kiev, Ukraine
| | - A. Shmygol
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain, UAE
| | - M. Oz
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - J. Singh
- School of Forensic & Applied Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
| | - F. C. Howarth
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain, UAE
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31
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Hong SK, Choo EH, Ihm SH, Chang K, Seung KB. Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor attenuates obesity-induced myocardial fibrosis by inhibiting transforming growth factor-βl and Smad2/3 pathways in high-fat diet-induced obesity rat model. Metabolism 2017; 76:42-55. [PMID: 28987239 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2017.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Obesity-induced myocardial fibrosis may lead to diastolic dysfunction and ultimately heart failure. Activation of the transforming growth factor (TGF)-βl and its downstream Smad2/3 pathways may play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of obesity-induced myocardial fibrosis, and the antidiabetic dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors (DPP4i) might affect these pathways. We investigated whether DPP4i reduces myocardial fibrosis by inhibiting the TGF-β1 and Smad2/3 pathways in the myocardium of a diet-induced obesity (DIO) rat model. Eight-week-old male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) were fed either a normal fat diet (chow) or a high-fat diet (HFD) and then the HFD-fed SHRs were randomized to either the DPP4i (MK-0626) or control (distilled water) groups for 12weeks. At 20weeks old, all the rats underwent hemodynamic and metabolic studies and Doppler echocardiography. Compared with the normal fat diet (chow)-fed SHRs, the HFD-fed SHRs developed a more intense degree of hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia and showed a constellation of left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction, and exacerbated myocardial fibrosis, as well as activation of the TGF-β1 and Smad2/3 pathways. DPP4i significantly improved the metabolic and hemodynamic parameters. The echocardiogram showed that DPP4i improved the LV diastolic dysfunction (early to late ventricular filling velocity [E/A] ratio, 1.49±0.21 vs. 1.77±0.09, p<0.05). Furthermore, DPP4i significantly reduced myocardial fibrosis and collagen production by the myocardium and suppressed TGF-β1 and phosphorylation of Smad2/3 in the heart. In addition, DPP4i decreased TGF-β1-induced collagen production and TGF-β1-mediated phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of Smad2/3 in rat cardiac fibroblasts. In conclusion, DPP4 inhibition attenuated myocardial fibrosis and improved LV diastolic dysfunction in a DIO rat model by modulating the TGF-β1 and Smad2/3 pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seul-Ki Hong
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Ho Choo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hyun Ihm
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kiyuk Chang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Bae Seung
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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32
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Estrogen deprivation aggravates cardiac hypertrophy in nonobese Type 2 diabetic Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats. Biosci Rep 2017; 37:BSR20170886. [PMID: 28923829 PMCID: PMC5643740 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20170886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 09/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Both Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and estrogen deprivation have been shown to be associated with the development of cardiovascular disease and adverse cardiac remodeling. However, the role of estrogen deprivation on adverse cardiac remodeling in nonobese T2DM rats has not been clearly elucidated. We hypothesized that estrogen-deprivation aggravates adverse cardiac remodeling in Goto–Kakizaki (GK) rats. Wild-type (WT) and GK rats at the age of 9 months old were divided into two subgroups to have either a sham operation (WTS, GKS) or a bilateral ovariectomy (WTO, GKO) (n = 6/subgroup). Four months after the operation, the rats were killed, and the heart was excised rapidly. Metabolic parameters, cardiomyocytes hypertrophy, cardiac fibrosis, and biochemical parameters were determined. GK rats had hyperglycemia with hypoinsulinemia, and estrogen deprivation did not increase the severity of T2DM. Cardiac hypertrophy, cardiac oxidative stress, and phosphor-antinuclear factor κB were higher in WTO and GKS rats than WTS rats, and they markedly increased in GKO rats compared with GKS rats. Furthermore, cardiac fibrosis, transforming growth factor-β, Bax, phosphor-p38, and peroxisome proliferator- activated receptor γ coactivator-1α expression were increased in GKS and GKO rats compared with the lean rats. However, mitochondrial dynamics proteins including dynamin-related protein 1 and mitofusin-2 were not altered by T2DM and estrogen deprivation. Although estrogen deprivation did not aggravate T2DM in GK rats, it increased the severity of cardiac hypertrophy by provoking cardiac inflammation and oxidative stress in nonobese GK rats.
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33
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Othman AI, El-Sawi MR, El-Missiry MA, Abukhalil MH. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate protects against diabetic cardiomyopathy through modulating the cardiometabolic risk factors, oxidative stress, inflammation, cell death and fibrosis in streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced diabetic rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 94:362-373. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.07.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2017] [Revised: 07/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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Ashrafi R, Modi P, Oo AY, Pullan DM, Jian K, Zhang H, Gerges JY, Hart G, Boyett MR, Davis GK, Wilding JPH. Arrhythmogenic gene remodelling in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes with aortic stenosis and normal left ventricular ejection fraction. Exp Physiol 2017; 102:1424-1434. [DOI: 10.1113/ep086412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Ashrafi
- Obesity & Endocrinology Research, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Clinical Sciences Centre; University Hospital Aintree; Liverpool UK
| | - P. Modi
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery; Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital; Liverpool UK
| | - A. Y. Oo
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery; Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital; Liverpool UK
| | - D. M. Pullan
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery; Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital; Liverpool UK
| | - K. Jian
- Biological Physics Group, School of Physics & Astronomy; The University of Manchester; Manchester UK
| | - H. Zhang
- Biological Physics Group, School of Physics & Astronomy; The University of Manchester; Manchester UK
| | - J. Yanni Gerges
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences; University of Manchester; The Core Technology Facility Manchester UK
| | - G. Hart
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences; University of Manchester; The Core Technology Facility Manchester UK
| | - M. R. Boyett
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences; University of Manchester; The Core Technology Facility Manchester UK
| | - G. K. Davis
- Obesity & Endocrinology Research, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Clinical Sciences Centre; University Hospital Aintree; Liverpool UK
- Department of Cardiology; Aintree University Hospital; NHS Foundation Trust Liverpool UK
| | - J. P. H. Wilding
- Obesity & Endocrinology Research, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Clinical Sciences Centre; University Hospital Aintree; Liverpool UK
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Mega C, Teixeira-de-Lemos E, Fernandes R, Reis F. Renoprotective Effects of the Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitor Sitagliptin: A Review in Type 2 Diabetes. J Diabetes Res 2017; 2017:5164292. [PMID: 29098166 PMCID: PMC5643039 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5164292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is now the single commonest cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) worldwide and one of the main causes of death in diabetic patients. It is also acknowledged as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Since sitagliptin was approved, many studies have been carried out revealing its ability to not only improve metabolic control but also ameliorate dysfunction in various diabetes-targeted organs, especially the kidney, due to putative underlying cytoprotective properties, namely, its antiapoptotic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antifibrotic properties. Despite overall recommendations, many patients spend a long time well outside the recommended glycaemic range and, therefore, have an increased risk for developing micro- and macrovascular complications. Currently, it is becoming clearer that type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) management must envision not only the improvement in glycaemic control but also, and particularly, the prevention of pancreatic deterioration and the evolution of complications, such as DN. This review aims to provide an overview of the current knowledge in the field of renoprotective actions of sitagliptin, namely, improvement in diabetic dysmetabolism, hemodynamic factors, renal function, diabetic kidney lesions, and cytoprotective properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Mega
- Agrarian School of Viseu (ESAV), Polytechnic Institute of Viseu (IPV), 3500-606 Viseu, Portugal
- Centre for the Study of Education, Technologies and Health (CI&DETS), Polytechnic Institute of Viseu (IPV), 3500-606 Viseu, Portugal
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Edite Teixeira-de-Lemos
- Agrarian School of Viseu (ESAV), Polytechnic Institute of Viseu (IPV), 3500-606 Viseu, Portugal
- Centre for the Study of Education, Technologies and Health (CI&DETS), Polytechnic Institute of Viseu (IPV), 3500-606 Viseu, Portugal
| | - Rosa Fernandes
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- CNC.IBILI Research Consortium, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Flávio Reis
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- CNC.IBILI Research Consortium, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
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36
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Zhang GY, Wang DD, Cao Z, Wei T, Liu CX, Wei QL. Sitagliptin ameliorates high glucose-induced cell proliferation and expression of the extracellular matrix in glomerular mesangial cells. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:3862-3867. [PMID: 29042993 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.5002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most important causes that leads to end-stage renal disease and the efficacy of strategies currently available for the prevention of DN remains unsatisfactory. Sitagliptin (SIT), which is a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, exhibited a modest beneficial effect on glycated hemoglobin levels and is capable of ameliorating renal ischemia reperfusion injury. By determining the expression of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), collagen type IV (ColIV) and fibronectin (FN) levels in high glucose-cultured glomerular mesangial cells (MCs), the present study aimed to assess the anti-proliferative and anti-fibrotic effects of SIT on the therapeutic potential for the prevention of DN and its mechanism. Specifically, cell proliferation was determined via cell counting kit-8 assay, and the expression levels of TGF-β1 and CTGF mRNA were detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis. Furthermore, the secretion of TGF-β1, CTGF, ColIV and FN proteins was measured via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The results demonstrated that high glucose induced the proliferation of MCs and enhanced the expression of TGF-β1, CTGF, ColIV and FN. Furthermore, treatment with SIT inhibited cell proliferation and the expression of TGF-β1, CTGF, ColIV and FN induced by high glucose. In conclusion, SIT inhibits cell proliferation and the expression of the major extracellular matrix proteins induced by high glucose, indicating its value for treating or relieving DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan-Ying Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R. China
| | - Dong-Dong Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R. China.,Office of Academic Affairs, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R. China
| | - Zheng Cao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R. China
| | - Tong Wei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R. China
| | - Chen-Xu Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R. China
| | - Qun-Li Wei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R. China
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37
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Choi SY, Ryu HM, Oh EJ, Choi JY, Cho JH, Kim CD, Kim YL, Park SH. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor gemigliptin protects against vascular calcification in an experimental chronic kidney disease and vascular smooth muscle cells. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180393. [PMID: 28686724 PMCID: PMC5501516 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Although dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, a class of antidiabetic drugs, have various pleiotropic effects, it remains undetermined whether gemigliptin has a beneficial effect on vascular calcification. Therefore, this study was performed to evaluate the effect of gemigliptin on vascular calcification in a rat model of adenine-induced chronic kidney disease and in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells. Gemigliptin attenuated calcification of abdominal aorta and expression of RUNX2 in adenine-induced chronic kidney disease rats. In cultured vascular smooth muscle cells, phosphate-induced increase in calcium content was reduced by gemigliptin. Gemigliptin reduced phosphate-induced PiT-1 mRNA expression, reactive oxygen species generation, and NADPH oxidase mRNA expression (p22phox and NOX4). The reduction of oxidative stress by gemigliptin was associated with the downregulation of phospho-PI3K/AKT expression. High phosphate increased the expression of frizzled-3 (FDZ3) and decreased the expression of dickkopf-related protein-1 (DKK-1) in the Wnt pathway. These changes were attenuated by gemigliptin treatment. Gemigliptin restored the decreased expression of vascular smooth muscle cells markers (α-SMA and SM22α) and increased expression of osteogenic makers (CBFA1, OSX, E11, and SOST) induced by phosphate. In conclusion, gemigliptin attenuated vascular calcification and osteogenic trans-differentiation in vascular smooth muscle cells via multiple steps including downregulation of PiT-1 expression and suppression of reactive oxygen species generation, phospho-PI3K/AKT, and the Wnt signaling pathway.
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MESH Headings
- Adenine
- Animals
- Aorta, Abdominal/drug effects
- Aorta, Abdominal/metabolism
- Aorta, Abdominal/pathology
- Calcium/metabolism
- Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit/genetics
- Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit/metabolism
- Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Frizzled Receptors/genetics
- Frizzled Receptors/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/genetics
- Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/metabolism
- Male
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- NADPH Oxidase 4
- NADPH Oxidases/genetics
- NADPH Oxidases/metabolism
- Phosphates/antagonists & inhibitors
- Phosphates/pharmacology
- Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/genetics
- Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism
- Piperidones/pharmacology
- Primary Cell Culture
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism
- Pyrimidines/pharmacology
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Reactive Oxygen Species/antagonists & inhibitors
- Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/chemically induced
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/genetics
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/metabolism
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/pathology
- Transcription Factor Pit-1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Transcription Factor Pit-1/genetics
- Transcription Factor Pit-1/metabolism
- Vascular Calcification/genetics
- Vascular Calcification/metabolism
- Vascular Calcification/pathology
- Vascular Calcification/prevention & control
- Wnt Signaling Pathway
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Affiliation(s)
- Soon-Youn Choi
- Division of Nephrology and Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
- BK21 Plus Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Biomedical Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
- Cell and Matrix Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Hye-Myung Ryu
- Division of Nephrology and Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
- Cell and Matrix Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Eun-Joo Oh
- Division of Nephrology and Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Ji-Young Choi
- Division of Nephrology and Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jang-Hee Cho
- Division of Nephrology and Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Chan-Duck Kim
- Division of Nephrology and Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
- Cell and Matrix Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Yong-Lim Kim
- Division of Nephrology and Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
- BK21 Plus Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Biomedical Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
- Cell and Matrix Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Sun-Hee Park
- Division of Nephrology and Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
- Cell and Matrix Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
- * E-mail:
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Li J, Zheng J, Wang S, Lau HK, Fathi A, Wang Q. Cardiovascular Benefits of Native GLP-1 and its Metabolites: An Indicator for GLP-1-Therapy Strategies. Front Physiol 2017; 8:15. [PMID: 28194113 PMCID: PMC5276855 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is a common co-morbidity and leading cause of death in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) is a peptide hormone produced by intestinal L cells in response to feeding. Native GLP-1 (7-36) amide is rapidly degraded by diaminopeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) to GLP-1 (9-36) amide, making 9-36a the major circulating form. While it is 7-36a, and not its metabolites, which exerts trophic effects on islet β-cells, recent studies suggest that both 7-36a and its metabolites have direct cardiovascular effects, including preserving cardiomyocyte viability, ameliorating cardiac function, and vasodilation. In particular, the difference in cardiovascular effects between 7-36a and 9-36a is attracting attention. Growing evidence has strengthened the presumption that their cardiovascular effects are overlapping, but distinct and complementary to each other; 7-36a exerts cardiovascular effects in a GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) dependent pathway, whereas 9-36a does so in a GLP-1R independent pathway. GLP-1 therapies have been developed using two main strategies: DPP4-resistant GLP-1 analogs/GLP-1R agonists and DPP4 inhibitors, which both aim to prolong the life-time of circulating 7-36a. One prominent concern that should be addressed is that the cardiovascular benefits of 9-36a are lacking in these strategies. This review attempts to differentiate the cardiovascular effects between 7-36a and 9-36a in order to provide new insights into GLP-1 physiology, and facilitate our efforts to develop a superior GLP-1-therapy strategy for T2DM and cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China; Department of Endocrinology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Juan Zheng
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Keenan Research Centre in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's HospitalToronto, ON, Canada; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of TorontoToronto, ON, Canada
| | - Susanne Wang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Keenan Research Centre in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's HospitalToronto, ON, Canada; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of TorontoToronto, ON, Canada
| | - Harry K Lau
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Keenan Research Centre in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's HospitalToronto, ON, Canada; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of TorontoToronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ali Fathi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Keenan Research Centre in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Qinghua Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Keenan Research Centre in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's HospitalToronto, ON, Canada; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of TorontoToronto, ON, Canada
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Abstract
Macrovascular complications of diabetes, including diabetic cardiovascular disease (CVD), occur through a number of hyperglycaemia-induced mechanisms that include generation of oxidative stress, accumulation of advanced glycation end-products (AGE) and activation of protein kinase C (PKC). Cardiac oxidative stress is associated with increased cardiac fibrosis and hypertrophy, and reduced cardiac performance and contractility, leading to severe cardiac dysfunction and potentially fatal cardiac events. It occurs under conditions of excessive synthesis of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The ensuing activation of transcription factors such as nuclear factor-κB produces inflammation, fibrosis, hypertrophy and further oxidative stress, which itself causes DNA and membrane damage. This review summarises the mechanisms that generate ROS in the diabetic heart: mitochondrial electron leakage, activity of ROS-generating enzymes such as NADPH oxidase, xanthine oxidase and 12/15 lipoxygenase, uncoupling of nitric oxide synthase, accumulation of AGEs and activation of PKC. There is interaction between many of these ROS-generating pathways, with data from a range of published studies indicating that a common upstream pathway is the interaction of AGEs with their receptor (RAGE), which further promotes ROS synthesis. Therefore, agents targeted at decreasing ROS production have been investigated for prevention or treatment of diabetic CVD through reducing oxidative stress, and this review considers some of the studies carried out with anti-oxidant therapies and the feasibility of this approach for protecting against diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa Faria
- Diabetes Research Group, Division of Diabetes & Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - Shanta J Persaud
- Diabetes Research Group, Division of Diabetes & Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom.
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Effects of linagliptin and liraglutide on glucose- and angiotensin II-induced collagen formation and cytoskeleton degradation in cardiac fibroblasts in vitro. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2016; 37:1349-1358. [PMID: 27498780 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2016.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) agonists and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors can not only lower blood glucose levels, but also alleviate cardiac remodeling after myocardial ischemia and hypertension. In the present study, we investigated the effects of a DPP-4 inhibitor (linagliptin) and a GLP-1 activator (liraglutide) on glucose- and angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced collagen formation and cytoskeleton reorganization in cardiac fibroblasts in vitro, and elucidated the related mechanisms. METHODS Cardiac fibroblasts were isolated from the hearts of 6-week-old C57BL/6 mice, and then exposed to different concentrations of glucose or Ang II for 24 h. The expression of fibrotic signals (fibronectin, collagen-1, -3 and -4), as well as ERK1/2 and NF-κB-p65 in the fibroblasts was examined using Western blotting assays. F-actin degradation was detected under inverted laser confocal microscope in fibroblasts stained with Rhodamine phalloidin. RESULTS Glucose (1-40 mmol/L) and Ang II (10-8-10-5 mol/L) dose-dependently increased the expression of fibronectin, collagens, phospho-ERK1/2 and phospho-NF-κB-p65 in cardiac fibroblasts. High concentrations of glucose (≥40 mmol/L) and Ang II (≥10-6 mol/L) caused a significant degradation of F-actin (less assembly F-actin fibers and more disassembly fibers). ERK1/2 inhibitor U0126 (10 μmol/L) and NF-κB inhibitor JSH-23 (10 μmol/L) both markedly suppressed glucose- and angiotensin II-induced fibronectin and collagen expressions in cardiac fibroblasts. Furthermore, pretreatment with liraglutide (10-100 nmol/L) or linagliptin (3 and 30 nmol/L) significantly decreased glucose- and Ang II-induced expression of fibrotic signals, phospho-ERK1/2 and phospho-NF-κB-p65 in cardiac fibroblasts. Moreover, pretreatment with liraglutide (30 nmol/L) or liraglutide (100 nmol/L) markedly inhibited glucose-induced F-actin degradation, however, only liraglutide inhibited Ang II-induced F-actin degradation. CONCLUSION Linagliptin and liraglutide inhibit glucose- and Ang II-induced collagen formation in cardiac fibroblasts via activation of the ERK/NF-κB/pathway. Linagliptin and liraglutide also markedly inhibit glucose-induced F-actin degradation in cardiac fibroblasts, but only liraglutide inhibits Ang II-induced F-actin degradation.
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Sheta A, Elsakkar M, Hamza M, Solaiman A. Effect of metformin and sitagliptin on doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in adult male albino rats. Hum Exp Toxicol 2016; 35:1227-1239. [PMID: 26818447 DOI: 10.1177/0960327115627685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The use of doxorubicin (DOX) as an antitumor therapeutic agent is limited due to its cardiotoxic effects. Metformin (Met) and sitagliptin (Sitg) are suggested to improve cardiac function. The present study aimed to determine the potential protective effects of Met and Sitg on DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. Rats were divided into six groups: groups I, II, and III received normal saline, Met, and Sitg, respectively. Groups IV, V, and VI received DOX only, Met + DOX, and Sitg + DOX, respectively. Heart tissue was used for biochemical assays which measured cardiac reduced glutathione (GSH), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α). Serum creatinine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were also measured. The heart apex was prepared for histological (hematoxylin and eosin) and immunohistochemical examination. Intoxication of DOX was associated with a significant elevation in serum CK-MB and LDH, reduction in cardiac GSH, and increased TBARS and TNF-α compared to the controls. Administration of Met or Sitg to DOX-intoxicated rats suppressed serum CK-MB and LDH. Moreover, cardiac GSH was elevated with decreased TBARS and TNF-α. These results were confirmed by histological study. Met and Sitg caused inhibition of caspase 3 and upregulation of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) expression in DOX-intoxicated animals. Sitg was found to exert a significantly better protective effect compared to that of Met. It was concluded that Sitg might be more effective than Met in reducing myocardial injury in DOX-induced cardiotoxicity in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sheta
- 1 Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - M Elsakkar
- 2 Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - M Hamza
- 2 Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - A Solaiman
- 3 Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Tang ST, Zhang Q, Tang HQ, Wang CJ, Su H, Zhou Q, Wei W, Zhu HQ, Wang Y. Effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 on advanced glycation endproduct-induced aortic endothelial dysfunction in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats: possible roles of Rho kinase- and AMP kinase-mediated nuclear factor κB signaling pathways. Endocrine 2016; 53:107-16. [PMID: 26758998 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-015-0852-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Interaction between advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) and receptor for AGEs (RAGE) as well as downstream pathways leads to vascular endothelial dysfunction in diabetes. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) has been reported to attenuate endothelial dysfunction in the models of atherosclerosis. However, whether GLP-1 exerts protective effects on aortic endothelium in diabetic animal model and the underlying mechanisms are still not well defined. Experimental diabetes was induced through administration with combination of high-fat diet and intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. Rats were randomly divided into four groups, including controls, diabetes, diabetes + sitagliptin (30 mg/kg/day), diabetes + exenatide (3 μg/kg/12 h). Eventually, endothelial damage, markers of inflammation and oxidative stress, were measured. After 12 weeks administration, diabetic rats received sitagliptin and exenatide showed significant elevation of serum NO level and reduction of ET-1 as well as inflammatory cytokines levels. Moreover, sitagliptin and exenatide significantly inhibited aortic oxidative stress level and improved aortic endothelial function in diabetic rats. Importantly, these drugs inhibited the protein expression level in AGE/RAGE-induced RhoA/ROCK/NF-κB/IκBα signaling pathways and activated AMPK in diabetic aorta. Finally, the target proteins of p-eNOS, iNOS, and ET-1, which reflect endothelial function, were also changed by these drugs. Our present study indicates that sitagliptin and exenatide administrations can improve endothelial function in diabetic aorta. Of note, RAGE/RhoA/ROCK and AMPK mediated NF-κB signaling pathways may be the intervention targets of these drugs to protect aortic endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song-Tao Tang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Zip code: 230032, Anhui Province, China
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Qiu Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hai-Qin Tang
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Chang-Jiang Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Huan Su
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Zip code: 230032, Anhui Province, China
| | - Qing Zhou
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Zip code: 230032, Anhui Province, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hua-Qing Zhu
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Zip code: 230032, Anhui Province, China.
| | - Yuan Wang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Zip code: 230032, Anhui Province, China.
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Al-Rasheed NM, Al-Rasheed NM, Hasan IH, Al-Amin MA, Al-Ajmi HN, Mahmoud AM. Sitagliptin attenuates cardiomyopathy by modulating the JAK/STAT signaling pathway in experimental diabetic rats. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2016; 10:2095-107. [PMID: 27418808 PMCID: PMC4933570 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s109287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, has been reported to promote cardioprotection in diabetic hearts by limiting hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia. However, little is known about the involvement of the Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) pathway modulation in the cardioprotective effects of sitagliptin. The current study aimed to investigate the protective effects of sitagliptin against diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), focusing on the modulation of the JAK/STAT pathway. Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin injection, and rats received sitagliptin orally and daily for 90 days. Diabetic rats exhibited hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and a significant increase in heart-to-body weight (HW/BW) ratio. Serum troponin I and creatine kinase MB, cardiac interleukin-6 (IL-6), lipid peroxidation, and nitric oxide levels showed significant increase in diabetic rats. In contrast, both enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant defenses were significantly declined in the heart of diabetic rats. Histopathological study revealed degenerations, increased collagen deposition in the heart of diabetic rats. Sitagliptin alleviated hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, HW/BW ratio, histological architecture, oxidative stress, and inflammation, and rejuvenated the antioxidant defenses. In addition, cardiac levels of pJAK2 and pSTAT3 were increased in diabetic rats, an effect which was remarkably decreased after sitagliptin treatment. In conclusion, these results confer an evidence that sitagliptin has great therapeutic potential on DCM through down-regulation of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nouf M Al-Rasheed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University
| | - Nawal M Al-Rasheed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Iman H Hasan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University
| | - Maha A Al-Amin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University
| | - Hanaa N Al-Ajmi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University
| | - Ayman M Mahmoud
- Physiology Division, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
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Suppression of connective tissue growth factor mediates the renoprotective effect of Sitagliptin rather than Pioglitazone in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Life Sci 2016; 153:180-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Leung M, Leung DY, Wong VW. Effects of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors on cardiac and endothelial function in type 2 diabetes mellitus: A pilot study. Diab Vasc Dis Res 2016; 13:236-43. [PMID: 26993495 DOI: 10.1177/1479164116629352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Recent studies have raised concerns regarding increased heart failure in patients on dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors. We examined whether dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, compared to non-incretin-based therapies, have differential effects on left ventricular and endothelial function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. METHODS A total of 25 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients commenced on a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor were compared with 50 matched controls. Left ventricular systolic and diastolic function and flow-mediated dilatation were compared before and 12 months after treatment. RESULTS At baseline, both dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor and control groups had elevated HbA1c and comparable subclinical left ventricular dysfunction (left ventricular global longitudinal strain: -15.4% vs -15.9%, p = 0.538; e' velocities: 6 vs 6 cm/s, p = 0.151, where e' is the peak mitral annular early diastolic tissue velocity). After 12 months, both groups had similar improvement in HbA1c. However, patients on dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors had greater improvement in systolic (ΔGLS: 3.6% vs 1.3%, p < 0.001), despite no significant differences in weight, blood pressure or lipid parameters in both groups. Diastolic (Δe': 38% vs 17%, p = 0.001) and endothelial function improved in the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor group but not the control group (ΔFMD: 5% vs -1%, p = 0.029). CONCLUSION We demonstrated significant improvements in LV systolic, diastolic and endothelial function in patients treated with a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor over 12 months. These beneficial effects may provide some reassurance regarding the cardiovascular safety of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Leung
- Department of Cardiology, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Dominic Y Leung
- Department of Cardiology, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Vincent W Wong
- University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia Liverpool Diabetes Collaborative Research Unit, Ingham Institute, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
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Tang ST, Su H, Zhang Q, Tang HQ, Wang CJ, Zhou Q, Wei W, Zhu HQ, Wang Y. Sitagliptin inhibits endothelin-1 expression in the aortic endothelium of rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes by suppressing the nuclear factor-κB/IκBα system through the activation of AMP-activated protein kinase. Int J Mol Med 2016; 37:1558-66. [PMID: 27122056 PMCID: PMC4866950 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, including sitagliptin, exert favourable effects on the vascular endothelium. DPP-4 inhibitors suppress the degradation of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP‑1), which has been reported to enhance nitric oxide (NO) production. However, the effects of DPP-4 inhibitors on endothelin-1 (ET-1) expression in the aorta, as well as the underlying mechanisms responsible for these effects, have yet to be investigated in animal models of diabetes mellitus (DM). In the present study, the rats were randomly divided into the following four groups: i) control; ii) DM; iii) DM + low‑dose sitagliptin (10 mg/kg); and iv) DM + high‑dose sitagliptin (30 mg/kg). Apart from the control group, all the rats received a high-fat diet for 8 weeks prior to the induction of diabetes with an intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. The treatments were then administered for 12 weeks. The serum levels of ET-1, NO, GLP-1 and insulin were measured as well as endothelial function. The expression of ET-1, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and nuclear factor (NF)-κB/IκBα were determined. After 12 weeks of treatment, the diabetic rats receiving sitagliptin showed significantly elevated serum levels of GLP-1 and NO, and reduced levels of ET-1. Moreover, sitagliptin significantly attenuated endothelial dysfunction as well as the remodeling of the aortic wall. Notably, sitagliptin inhibited ET-1 expression at the transcriptional and translational level in the aorta, which may have been mediated by the suppression of the NF-κB/IκBα system induced by AMPK activation. The majority of the above-mentioned effects were dose dependent. Taken together, the findings of the present study indicate that sitagliptin inhibits ET-1 expression in the aortic endothelium by suppressing the NF-κB/IκBα system through the activation of the AMPK pathway in diabetic rats. These findings further demonstrate some of the vasoprotective properties of DPP-4 inhibitors in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song-Tao Tang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Huan Su
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Qiu Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Qin Tang
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Chang-Jiang Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Qing Zhou
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wei
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Hua-Qing Zhu
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
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Huang JH, Chen YC, Lee TI, Kao YH, Chazo TF, Chen SA, Chen YJ. Glucagon-like peptide-1 regulates calcium homeostasis and electrophysiological activities of HL-1 cardiomyocytes. Peptides 2016; 78:91-8. [PMID: 26930508 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2016.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Glucagon like-peptide-1 (GLP-1) is an incretin hormone with antidiabetic effects through stimulating insulin secretion, β cell neogenesis, satiety sensation, and inhibiting glucagon secretion. Administration of GLP-1 provides cardioprotective effects through attenuating cardiac inflammation and insulin resistance. GLP-1 also modulates the heart rate and systolic pressure, which suggests that GLP-1 may have cardiac electrical effects. Therefore, the purposes of this study were to evaluate whether GLP-1 has direct cardiac effects and identify the underlying mechanisms. Patch clamp, confocal microscopy with Fluo-3 fluorescence, and Western blot analyses were used to evaluate the electrophysiological characteristics, calcium homeostasis, and calcium regulatory proteins in HL-1 atrial myocytes with and without GLP-1 (1 and 10nM) incubation for 24h. GLP-1 (1 and 10nM) and control cells had similar action potential durations. However, GLP-1 at 10nM significantly increased calcium transients and sarcoplasmic reticular Ca(2+) contents. Compared to the control, GLP-1 (10nM)-treated cells significantly decreased phosphorylation of the ryanodine receptor at S2814 and total phospholamban, but there were similar protein levels of sarcoplasmic reticular Ca(2+)-ATPase and the sodium-calcium exchanger. Moreover, exendin (9-39) amide (a GLP-1 receptor antagonist, 10nM) attenuated GLP-1-mediated effects on total SR content and phosphorylated ryanodine receptor S2814. This study demonstrates GLP-1 may regulate HL-1 cell arrhythmogenesis through modulating calcium handling proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jen-Hung Huang
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Chang Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ting-I Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsun Kao
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Education and Research, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Tze-Fan Chazo
- Division of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ann Chen
- Division of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; National Yang-Ming University, School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jen Chen
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Abuelezz SA, Hendawy N, Abdel Gawad S. Alleviation of renal mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis underlies the protective effect of sitagliptin in gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 68:523-32. [PMID: 27019059 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the potential protective effect of sitagliptin on gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity and to elucidate the underlying mechanism. METHODS Wistar rats were allocated as follows: Gentamicin group: received gentamicin intraperitoneally (100 mg/kg/day); Gentamicin plus sitagliptin group: received simultaneous gentamicin and sitagliptin (30 mg/kg/day orally); Sitagliptin group: received only sitagliptin; and CONTROL GROUP received saline. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine, urine protein levels and histopathology of kidney tissues were evaluated. The activity of mitochondrial enzyme complexes reflects the mitochondrial function. Oxidative stress biomarkers and immunohistochemical studies for apoptotic markers caspase-3 and bax were evaluated. KEY FINDINGS Gentamicin causes significant elevation of BUN, serum creatinine and urine proteins. Oxidative stress was revealed by decreased superoxide dismutase activity and catalase activity, glutathione depletion and increased malondialdehyde. Significant decrease in mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase, cytochrome c oxidase and mitochondrial redox activity indicates mitochondrial dysfunction, along with significant elevation in renal caspase-3 and bax. The aforementioned markers and the histological injury in renal tubules were significantly reversed upon sitagliptin treatment. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that sitagliptin treatment attenuates renal dysfunction and structural damage through the reduction of oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis in the kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally A Abuelezz
- Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacology Department, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nevien Hendawy
- Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacology Department, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sara Abdel Gawad
- Faculty of Medicine, Histology Department, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Poudyal H. Mechanisms for the cardiovascular effects of glucagon-like peptide-1. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2016; 216:277-313. [PMID: 26384481 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 07/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Over the past three decades, at least 10 hormones secreted by the enteroendocrine cells have been discovered, which directly affect the cardiovascular system through their innate receptors expressed in the heart and blood vessels or through a neural mechanism. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), an important incretin, is perhaps best studied of these gut-derived hormones with important cardiovascular effects. In this review, I have discussed the mechanism of GLP-1 release from the enteroendocrine L-cells and its physiological effects on the cardiovascular system. Current evidence suggests that GLP-1 has positive inotropic and chronotropic effects on the heart and may be important in preserving left ventricular structure and function by direct and indirect mechanisms. The direct effects of GLP-1 in the heart may be mediated through GLP-1R expressed in atria as well as arteries and arterioles in the left ventricle and mainly involve in the activation of multiple pro-survival kinases and enhanced energy utilization. There is also good evidence to support the involvement of a second, yet to be identified, GLP-1 receptor. Further, GLP-1(9-36)amide, which was previously thought to be the inactive metabolite of the active GLP-1(7-36)amide, may also have direct cardioprotective effects. GLP-1's action on GLP-1R expressed in the central nervous system, kidney, vasculature and the pancreas may indirectly contribute to its cardioprotective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Poudyal
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition; Graduate School of Medicine and Hakubi Centre for Advanced Research; Kyoto University; Kyoto Japan
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Abdel-Hamid AAM, Firgany AEDL. Atorvastatin alleviates experimental diabetic cardiomyopathy by suppressing apoptosis and oxidative stress. J Mol Histol 2015; 46:337-45. [PMID: 26041576 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-015-9625-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic hazard on the myocardium is a complication of diabetes that intensifies its morbidity and increases its mortality. Therefore, alleviation of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) by a reliable drug remains a matter of interest in experimental research. The aim of this study was to explore the structural alterations in the myocardium induced by atorvastatin (ATOR) in DCM, induced by streptozotocin (STZ), along with the associated changes occurring in apoptosis and oxidative stress markers. Thirty-two rats were divided into four groups; group A (control), group B (non-diabetic, received ATOR, orally, 50 mg/kg daily), group C (DCM, received STZ 70 mg/kg, single i.p. injection) and group D (DCM + ATOR). After 6 weeks, left ventricle (LV) specimens were prepared for histological and immunohistochemical study by hematoxlyin and eosin, Masson`s trichrome, anti-cleaved caspase-3 stains as well as for assays of oxidative stress markers. All data were measured morphometrically and statistically analyzed. The DCM group showed disorganization of the cardiomyocytes, interstitial edema, numerous fibroblasts, significant increases in the collagen volume fraction (p < 0.001), cleaved caspase-3 expression % area (p < 0.001) and, malondialdehyde in blood (p < 0.001), in LV (p < 0.05) compared with DCM + ATOR group. The latter has LV wall thickness, relative heart weight and antioxidant activities nearly similar to the control, independent from ATOR lipid-lowering effect. Therefore, ATOR can preserve myocardial structure in DCM nearly similar to normal. This may be achieved by suppressing apoptosis that parallels the correction of the antioxidant markers, which can be considered as non-lipid lowering benefit of statins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A M Abdel-Hamid
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, P.O. 35516, Mansoura, Egypt,
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